Id	Number of occurences	Forms
12058	1	genetic resources. it aims to identify new forms of managing varietal diversity based on inter
13377	2	sub-project 2:research project on conservation and evaluation of almo  ion in southeast anatolia region. also, almond trees in this region from seeds and not budding
14564	1	an and balearic fauna of hydraenidae, a water beetles family represented by about 145 species.
7114	1	r traits must also be a centerpiece new diagnostic tools available
7115	2	ic agriculture, but concern because the land use patterns and practices seek to fewer resources  ions. in this territory, there are many operating systems and many mid closing stages. moreover
7122	1	on the basis of plausible scenarios of climate change and use of space for the coming years to
7127	2	ant with contrasts in their biology and natural history. our biological models involve woody pl  ers increased c02, will try to answer a simple question: what effect will the increase of c02 d
7142	2	nges. we propose to study the impact of climate change on vegetation dynamics in the french mou  orests have the advantage of being less subject areas that open to large variations in human pr
7197	6	objective of this project is to provide decision makers with new knowledge and reflection eleme  s for the development and governance of rural areas. Indeed, it aims to draw the outline of wha  atch the currently emerging paradigm in rural areas. this project is indeed the assumption that  mption that diversifying the economy of rural areas will lead to increased conflicts and rivalr   users of these spaces, for which three case studies were selected. it is through a combination  elected. it is through a combination of case studies, that it will be possible to understand a
7245	1	ectives the resolution of the crisis of mass extinction of species and populations is a major s
7264	1	ure of animal communities from selected fossil record for quality, quantity and availability, t
7274	2	o the limitation compatible partners in self-incompatibility system plants threatens the surviv  sequencing technologies to inventory of self-incompatibility alleles in these species to quanti
7279	1	or estimating anthropogenic impacts and climate change on the systems studied. dip integrate ne
7285	1	zed. finally, we model the evolution of life history traits under different fire regimes
7297	4	city in time by achieving the microbial fuel cells. these are systems providing for the direct   ion of chemical energy contained in the organic matter into electrical energy using bacterial b  at they are promising "reservoirs". the French Guiana is internationally recognized as a "hot s  ana is internationally recognized as a "hot spot" for biodiversity. it is possible to imagine s
7299	3	ity to adapt to environmental stresses. past century, human activities have generated in the en  o environmental stresses. past century, human activities have generated in the environment of h  e main effect is, like many abiotic and biotic stress, the generation of oxidative stress in vi
7300	2	the pollination of flowering plants is mainly provided by insects mutualis  ss specialized in ecosystems is a major environmental problem
7387	1	ptomic studies are underway to identify genetic markers associated trypanotolerance.
7428	3	ugs are particularly voracious pests on cereal crops. the use of molluscicides is the most used  f direct mortality, they concentrate in food chains and directly affect natural predators of sl   project objective is to identify, with grain producers, for comparative experimentation cutler
7500	1	particular microflora by the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to survive and / or infect th
7502	1	better understand and characterize the genetic diversity is a key objective to improve and dev
7550	1	nitrification is a key function of the nitrogen cycle, responsible for the balance between the
7558	4	many molecular biology methods have been developed that allo  h for the characterization of bacterial genetic diversity coupled to a data mining system based  acterial genetic diversity coupled to a data mining system based on the application of genomic   ning system based on the application of genomic imprinting method 2d. our objectives are: to fo
7560	1	al features both trophic level as their life history traits, they are especially important in t
7566	1	to assess the fit between them and the biological characteristics of cultivated material if th
7586	2	cation of duplicates and structuring of genetic diversity. the University of Angers, in collabo  , thereby refine the description of the genetic diversity of populations and varieties adapted
7609	4	horizontal gene transfer is recognized as a fundamental mechanism   cterial evolution to the degradation of chemical pollutants. the"nano genomics"project aims to   nano genomics"project aims to develop a new technology involving the grafting of dna molecules    for identification and even, thanks to new technologies, fully sequenced their genome. the obj
7614	4	tropics, an alternative to conventional treatment plants for isolated village communities. an e  de of treatment requires information of local residents, a change in practices and perceptions   nd perceptions of social and collective waste water management. this approach also enhances the  egulated wastewater treatment, not as a dumping ground, or an unwanted wetland. . . . pir 2009
7718	1	with universities and southern country research centers. it aims to generate knowledge to unde
11864	5	mentaries. most are probably aware that food chains in aquatic habitats differ from those on th  he water from agricultural land causing plant life to take over the lake carbon entering from s  rial entering a lake can be affected by climate change and land management practices. the consu  ies in the lake can also be affected by invasive species such as the zebra mussel which voracio  search to shed light on the complicated food webs in freshwater lakes.
14269	2	n marine resources urges the need for a decision making framework to objectively allocate the d  different user functions at the belgian continental shelf .
10966	8	isotope records give much insight into climate change but interpretation still tends to rest o  th steps and develop a fully-calibrated climate record from gibraltar covering parts of the las  n the rock of gibraltar, focused on the first step - understanding the climate recording proces   months. a key result is that there are specific conditions when speleothems record climate mos  the modern part of gibraltar s historic climate record can be used to derive a calibrated trans   interglacial for their isotope ratios, trace elements and water trapped within the mineral, wh   can be compared directly with computer climate models. gibraltar s caves have very high potent  aboratory environment running back from modern times to possibly one million years ago.
10093	3	vegetation plays an important role in landscapes that are shaped by wind-dr  h environments are not quantified. this research project aims to develop a computer simulation   this research project aims to develop a computer simulation model based on moving around slabs
14360	5	ecological quality of our environment. remote sensing methods can be utilized to this end but   sessing habitat quality - most existing remote sensing methodologies have not been tested vigor  tter status reporting on habitats using remote sensing data. for this, an enhanced state-of-the   • three study areas will be covered by satellite data, airborne hyperspectral data: kalmthouts  pplied to increase the applicability of remote sensing data for habitat status reporting. the v
12585	8	partnership, one of the biggest uk peat restoration projects, in collaboration with internation   the success or failure of current peat restoration projects. the problems will be defined and   the project will review motivations for restoration projects as well as their long term goals a  r restoration projects as well as their long term goals and analyse adaptive management towrads  of the project. it is evident that many restoration projects started with clear biodiversity go  enhancement of carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation and flood protection goals. t  have led to adaptive management in some restoration projects in response to new understanding.   funded. to understand the importance of public funding and the role of agri-environment schemes
7633	1	d reference ground by the international scientific community
12716	1	priority species in the uk biodiversity action plan: 1. global evolutionary complexity of fresh
1973	1	f products, and have been implicated as biodiversity indicators. until now, hybrid zones in mar
11767	2	, woody debris, humic material and soil organic matter, by conducting a translocation experimen  on experiment, where samples of litter, dead wood and soil with be swapped between different el
11791	2	erature, litter quality and rainfall on organic matter decay rates by conduction a translocatio  on experiment, where samples of litter, dead wood and soil with be swapped between different el
9983	2	, woody debris, humic material and soil organic matter, by conducting a translocation experimen  on experiment, where samples of litter, dead wood and soil with be swapped between different el
11446	2	al buoyancy flux of a plume is fed by a catchment area under the plume centre. this constitutes  k will involve analysis of differential travel times of the core phases sks, skks, and pkp, and
10169	1	ttributed to one of the planets largest impact craters, and yet which had no associated biotic
10022	8	problems remain. the number of possible phylogenetic trees is vast, and the extraction and comp  ripts for processing sequence data from public databases, and will apply this here to the analy  ble for download so that members of the research community may combine them with their data for  es and sequences, a pool of large-scale phylogenetic trees representing each individual gene us  up. these trees will also then form the starting point for more directed applied studies for sp  t for more directed applied studies for specific groups of interest. the study will assess the    in conclusion, this project provides a unique opportunity to utilize the increasing amounts of  ith comparatively simple means and in a short time period, we will be able to make great progre
12421	1	omprehensive judgements to be made on a wide range of ecosystem components.
15023	4	t the mandibular structures are used in important roles others that feeding, and in some cases   arameters extracted from dissections of adductor muscles . technics of geometric morphometrics   es in isometric conditions developed by adductor muscles would be calculated. parallely in the   omparative study of the chemical and/or mechanical properties of the dentine from the more spec
7643	6	sed on life traits or functions. taking coral fish communities as a model, we propose to invest  everal thousand species and hundreds of functional groups. the global decline of coral, a major   groups. the global decline of coral, a major problem for the future of the reefs is linked to   ing answers to the changing patterns of coral reef fish communities following a decline of cora  swers to the changing patterns of coral reef fish communities following a decline of coral. thi  on to the enormous potential of data on coral fish communities to address a broad range of assu
10029	9	th rising concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor   ng concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor the hea   health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satellite or airborne sensors is us  tive means of achieving this task. much remote sensing research attempts to improve the resolut  e reduces the separability in colour of sea bed features. research projects usually focus on a   rability in colour of sea bed features. research projects usually focus on a specific ecosystem  others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some as  an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly well understood, such as the   ring accurate data at each stage of the remote sensing process which will help prioritise the c
11058	9	th rising concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor   ng concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor the hea   health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satellite or airborne sensors is us  tive means of achieving this task. much remote sensing research attempts to improve the resolut  e reduces the separability in colour of sea bed features. research projects usually focus on a   rability in colour of sea bed features. research projects usually focus on a specific ecosystem  others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some as  an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly well understood, such as the   ring accurate data at each stage of the remote sensing process which will help prioritise the c
11205	4	hytoplankton is recognised as playing a key role in global biogeochemical cycles. advances in g  ropose to use to investigate the unique life histories of phytoplankton viruses and help resolv  a bacterial artificial chromosome virus genomic library will be generated from a natural virus    a natural virus community to determine life histories of unculturable viruses through sequence
12745	2	100 questions of greatest importance to conservation policy makers and practitioners at the glo   of greatest importance to conservation policy makers and practitioners at the global scale.
10807	5	the first thing that anyone diving on a coral reef will notice is the multitude of fishes. more  t to study simultaneously. for example, death rates might be affected by the number of fishes b  ding of reefs, these findings will help conservation efforts. by knowing the relative importanc  s will be able to design more effective marine reserves. for example, is it better to place a m  s. for example, is it better to place a marine reserve where lots of fish larvae arrive, or whe
11001	3	examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit  f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i  h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which
11003	3	examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit  f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i  h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which
11199	3	examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit  f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i  h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which
11517	3	examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit  f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i  h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which
11790	3	examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit  f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i  h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which
12596	8	extraction, release large quantities of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, thereby   ities of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, thereby contributing to global warming.  carbon dioxide, thereby contributing to global warming. restoration of these damaged peatlands   rbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide than they release to it; that is, so tha  that is, so that they act as a brake on global warming. however, restoration schemes have not c  release of methane from peatlands. like carbon dioxide, methane is a carbon gas, but it is much  on gas, but it is much more potent as a greenhouse gas. therefore, although methane is emitted   and restoration from the perspective of climate change. given the uncertain role of methane in
10072	9	mentally important organisms within the marine environment, forming the very base of almost all  ming the very base of almost all marine food webs. this diverse group of organisms are frequent  een organisms at the base of the marine food web and larger planktonic predators. they are also  ortant as nutrient recyclers within the marine environment, particularly in the case of nitroge  tant global implications, effecting how key elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, are cycled w  edatory flagellate species to recognise specific chemicals present on the surface of their prey  agellate predator. interestingly, white blood cells within our circulation system, use the same  in addition to being relevant to marine food webs, our results may shed light on the early orig  s of receptors involved with the innate immune system. within this grant, we will develop marke
13819	3	amatic declines in ectomycorrhizal onto forest ecosystems. similar reductions in diversity are   equently observed after the addition of nitrogen fertilizers to increase wood production in bor  tilizers to increase wood production in boreal forests. however, some ecm fungi respond positiv
15372	2	questions in biogeography, ecology and evolutionary biology. a range boundary may be determine  to accurately forecast the responses to climate change. in this project, we aim to investigate
13457	5	r carbon cycling in agricultural soils. global climate projections depend today on models that   mate the carbon fluxes from soils under land use and climate change. despite the known importan  on fluxes from soils under land use and climate change. despite the known importance of soil mi  use cost efficient methods to determine genetic diversity of extracellular enzymes produced by    involved in the degradation of complex carbon sources, that is up to 200 times faster and 100
12549	1	can infect tomatoes with tomato yellow leaf curl virus .
10165	1	be of broad interest to ecologists and evolutionary biologists, will be readily comprehensible
2028	5	approach is the topic of this proposal. food webs are overlaid with infochemical webs that medi  lly plastic emission by plants provides unique opportunities to investigate the effect of the i  e this ecogenomic approach in field and laboratory studies for a system of crucifer plants and   effects on individual interactions in a food web in addition to a quantitative food web analysi   food web in addition to a quantitative food web analysis. this novel approach creates an essen
2104	3	e, bolbitiaceae and tubariaceae. in the northern hemisphere, there is a vast number of brown-sp  galerina will also be accomplished. the genetic variation will be analyzed by likelihood and pa  ndidate and the contributions from four senior researchers.
15083	4	gures obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy showing the most relevant features.  ion cultures and made available for the scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequenc  he scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequences will be deposited in the genbank,   ces will be deposited in the genbank, a data base of the spanish hyphomycetes sequences will be
14715	4	gures obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy showing the most relevant features.  ion cultures and made available for the scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequenc  he scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequences will be deposited in the genbank,   ces will be deposited in the genbank, a data base of the spanish hyphomycetes sequences will be
10883	3	advanced for most fields of animal and plant ecology, the microscopic nature of bacteria means  t britain. critically, bacteria perform central roles in enhancing plant productivity and bioge  ey hypotheses. further, we will produce high resolution maps of bacterial group distribution ac
9873	3	brittle fractures and faults are the most common expres  ary rocks. this makes these areas ideal test sites for validating the new dating technique. fin  ous growth of calcite fibres on brittle fault planes, start and end of faulting episodes may be
2168	3	genetically modified in daphnia magna cell cultures, in d. magna feeding studies and in a tri  na feeding studies and in a tri-trophic food chain with cyanobacteria or green alga d. magna ze  rophic food chain with cyanobacteria or green alga d. magna zebrafish danio rerio.
527	1	stitue a major part of the proposed new diagnostic tools.
15064	2	e amazing diversity and richness of the natural world. for this reason, the choice of good biol  viduals are crucial elements regulating population dynamics, trajectories, spatial and temporal
10277	2	ago. in addition to studying a range of extinct species, including herbivores, carnivores and o  stics of the species themselves, and of human activities, in causing the extinctions.
10288	2	ago. in addition to studying a range of extinct species, including herbivores, carnivores and o  stics of the species themselves, and of human activities, in causing the extinctions.
10531	2	ago. in addition to studying a range of extinct species, including herbivores, carnivores and o  stics of the species themselves, and of human activities, in causing the extinctions.
13779	2	es. this deficit is unfortunate because boreal forests are strongly affected by forestry and pr  edicted to experience relatively strong climate change effects with likely negative consequence
14225	3	the comparative approach in evolutionary biology involves looking for correlations    study will be the first to investigate life history evolution in insects in a phylogenetic fra  an important step towards understanding life history evolution in insects on a global scale. fu
11462	1	sequenced with the same tools across a wide range of distantly related species. however, these
15314	3	the study of evolutionary processes, both at micro- and macroevoluti  hat possibilities the identification of population groups or taxa immersed in active processes   or taxa immersed in active processes of evolutionary change . we believe that results of this p
10340	4	texts. odour and gustatory signals have central roles in speciation in many animals through the  ct loci that have evolved rapidly under natural selection. we will test for associations betwee  mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses between species. this will conf  ical behavioural steps. we will examine gene expression in the same set of strains to test for
10994	4	texts. odour and gustatory signals have central roles in speciation in many animals through the  ct loci that have evolved rapidly under natural selection. we will test for associations betwee  mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses between species. this will conf  ical behavioural steps. we will examine gene expression in the same set of strains to test for
9967	4	texts. odour and gustatory signals have central roles in speciation in many animals through the  ct loci that have evolved rapidly under natural selection. we will test for associations betwee  mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses between species. this will conf  ical behavioural steps. we will examine gene expression in the same set of strains to test for
13742	2	the stork enhances the interest of the general public for wetland conservation issues, and its  erest of the general public for wetland conservation issues, and its reintroduction may therefo
12267	4	this is a preliminary investigation which undertook ‘traditional’  bstances commonly used in horticultural growing media. the interpretation of the significance o  nclusions on the impacts of peat use on climate change. many lca studies discount biogenic carb  reported here. as with all defra-funded research projects, the interpretation of the results is
6816	2	been improving. the introduction of new immunosuppressive drugs contributed to this goal. on th  dy is to detect the mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene of these patients. in these case
10575	6	this project addresses the role of seminal fluid proteins in mammalian sperm competition.   . however, sperm usually make up only a tiny fraction of total ejaculate volume male dominance   t of proteins with known functions, our research programme will reveal if other seminal fluid p  research programme will reveal if other seminal fluid proteins vary consistently in relation to  ese findings will establish the role of seminal fluid proteins in adaptive variation of mammali  ess consequences of different ejaculate investment strategies, we will determine reproductive s
13712	2	ion forests around the world, making it good examples of an ´ecosystem approach´ in practice. a  t or sustain the current swedish forest conservation policy with conservation actions taken on
12712	1	res a review, collation and analysis of bird population and distribution data, which will then
12744	1	ty sub-programme and to prepare outline project proposals for the international biodiversity as
12704	2	w is to assess the effectiveness of the research projects commissioned through the programme ov  issioned through the programme over the study period in terms of the extent to which they have
12455	2	rnational best practice and appropriate knowledge base and implement appropriate tools in a com  pen source framework. apply to selected case studies in collaboration with other defra and eu p
11313	3	species can differ from one another in many ways but the most interesting diffe   to reproduce themselves. understanding hybrid sterility can therefore explain how species are   hybrid offspring. one possible cause of hybrid sterility is that genes from one species are inc
13980	6	otyping technologies has revolutionized evolutionary biology and genetics. these fields are now  n is currently a major focus in several biological research areas. selected genes are important  methods for making inferences about the evolutionary history of populations from large-scale ge  ods to search for selected genes in the human genome using a data set of ~550 individuals sampl   ~550,000 snps – the largest world-wide human population-genetic data set to date. the results   ic processes and how to incorporate the evolutionary history in searching for selected genes.
12456	5	-based models in parallel, using common input data, in order to establish which are the best-su  te problems encountered when applied to case study-specific management scenarios, and evaluate   approach. the project will focus on two case study regions the `western-approaches`. key custom  stem considerations of fisheries in the marine environment. assess how important the interactio  n fisheries models, and help to predict knock-on, ecosystem implications of future management a
14751	5	se but also for the restoration of the natural habitats supporting such a singular type of veg  h prevent both auto-regeneration of the endangered species in their natural habitats and their   tion of the endangered species in their natural habitats and their rooting and multiplication u  l inoculation for the reintroduction of endangered species and for the ecological restoration o  ction of endangered species and for the ecological restoration of degraded communities of dolom
9828	2	project is to determine the effects of long term tnt exposure on the soil microbial community   structure, diversity and function using molecular biology approaches. we will conduct experimen
2088	1	and diet and whenever possible also on life cycle will be important. finally, the revision of
1979	6	there is an urgent need for tools to predict the effects of habitat  e on wildlife. after earlier abandoning carrying capacity as a useful concept, scientists now a  that in the case of migratory birds the carrying capacity of a non-breeding site can be meaning  s a site can support. current models of carrying capacity assume a single giving-up food densit  and model developments, this provides a unique opportunity to test carrying capacity models of   s provides a unique opportunity to test carrying capacity models of varying degrees of complexi
14509	1	entely and in parallel across basins by selective pressures operating at the local geographic l
11671	7	o examine the contribution of different life history stages to the local population dynamics of  of different life history stages to the local population dynamics of some stream insects. under  ferent life history stages to the local population dynamics of some stream insects. understandi  spatial scale relevant to studies about population dynamics. alternatively, effects of emergent  by different life stages and subsequent research efforts can be directed at those stages. thus,  r bottlenecks occur for egg and neonate life history stages, how strong those bottlenecks might  ntal importance to ecological models of population dynamics. information on how insects use eme
10280	4	face waters from the dark nutrient rich deep water. the vertical mixing of nutrients across the  ple this well-lit surface zone with the deep water nutrient supply, leading to the formation of  to account for about half of the annual carbon fixation in seasonally stratified shelf seas, an  ntification and parameterisation of the physical processes which are responsible for the vertic
10553	4	face waters from the dark nutrient rich deep water. the vertical mixing of nutrients across the  ple this well-lit surface zone with the deep water nutrient supply, leading to the formation of  to account for about half of the annual carbon fixation in seasonally stratified shelf seas, an  ntification and parameterisation of the physical processes which are responsible for the vertic
9929	2	spends the winter in a dormant state in deep waters. individuals emerging from diapause in the   at the same depth in all locations. the driving forces behind the differences in overwintering
10522	14	ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch  htly intervals, is sufficient to record seasonal change but cannot resolve the processes drivin  h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar  analysis by project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infra   the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure investment needs to   pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r  d carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by relating these measurements to meteorol  to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in   ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as   surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wall of   the regional coherence of lakes. use of high resolution data to examine coherence in lake tempe  al or wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through   wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through this n   offering detail of observation through high resolution data generation and the new instrumenta
10752	14	ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch  htly intervals, is sufficient to record seasonal change but cannot resolve the processes drivin  h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar  analysis by project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infra   the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure investment needs to   pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r  d carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by relating these measurements to meteorol  to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in   ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as   surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wall of   the regional coherence of lakes. use of high resolution data to examine coherence in lake tempe  al or wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through   wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through this n   offering detail of observation through high resolution data generation and the new instrumenta
10756	14	ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch  htly intervals, is sufficient to record seasonal change but cannot resolve the processes drivin  h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar  analysis by project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infra   the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure investment needs to   pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r  d carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by relating these measurements to meteorol  to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in   ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as   surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wall of   the regional coherence of lakes. use of high resolution data to examine coherence in lake tempe  al or wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through   wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through this n   offering detail of observation through high resolution data generation and the new instrumenta
11807	14	ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch  htly intervals, is sufficient to record seasonal change but cannot resolve the processes drivin  h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar  analysis by project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infra   the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure investment needs to   pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r  d carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by relating these measurements to meteorol  to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in   ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as   surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wall of   the regional coherence of lakes. use of high resolution data to examine coherence in lake tempe  al or wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through   wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through this n   offering detail of observation through high resolution data generation and the new instrumenta
7685	4	marine ecosystems are declining at an alarming rate, es  ning at an alarming rate, especially in developing countries where a significant proportion of   nal scale in the western indian ocean , ecological niche and connectivity models outputs under   rent ipcc scenarios. the ecological and social scientists involved in the project will work clo
12027	3	ng rapidly and dramatically modified by human activities. the intensity of these activities acc  matically during the 20th century, with land use change becoming a major factor affecting the s  d and continues to destroy and fragment natural habitat, the abandonment of traditional extensi
10264	4	global warming is not the only consequence of rising le  he only consequence of rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. because co2 is an aci  dification will have on marine life and chemical processes in the ocean. experimental work sugg   plankton that make their shells out of calcium carbonate record of the onset of the paleocene
11369	2	others concerning the role of regional population dynamics, spatial structure and life-history  o environmental change on an ecological time-scale, and to explore the use of relationships bet
10075	2	l is to explore how the world s largest tropical forest, amazonia, is faring in an era of rapid   and access to unique sources of amazon plant ecology in our quest to discover and explain biod
11513	2	l is to explore how the world s largest tropical forest, amazonia, is faring in an era of rapid   and access to unique sources of amazon plant ecology in our quest to discover and explain biod
12739	1	ify future work on increasing access to inland water
10451	1	sms responsible for that variability. a key element of our research will be distinguishing betw
7189	10	agricultural systems evolve to address environmental issues better and better objectified. the  ntly, balancing use and preservation of natural resources: it is on this plane that is this pro   to assess changes in the management of rural areas and agricultural production; 2 to contribut  es in the management of rural areas and agricultural production; 2 to contribute to the develop   of innovative solutions, from the plot scale up an integrated natural resource management and   s, from the plot scale up an integrated natural resource management and production sectors to w  the plot scale up an integrated natural resource management and production sectors to which are  e stakes are high mutation; controlling nitrogen cycles, since the amounts of organic substance  nsfers in landscape mosaics; assess the environmental impacts of production methods and landsca  cs; assess the environmental impacts of production methods and landscape management
11330	9	oceanic crust covers nearly two thirds of the earth s s  ere they crystallise to yield the lower oceanic crust. the heat provided by magma input and cry  h s crust, the recovery of intact lower oceanic crust would be a major step forward. scientific  f intact lower oceanic crust would be a major step forward. scientific ocean drilling in the eq  ct lower oceanic crust would be a major step forward. scientific ocean drilling in the equatori  torial pacific ocean has penetrated the upper crust, reaching the upper crust-lower crust bound  enetrated the upper crust, reaching the upper crust-lower crust boundary. iodp expedition 335 i  ering the first section of intact lower oceanic crust. this section will yield an unprecedented  the plutonic rocks, which represent the building blocks of the lower crust, using their composi
11647	1	everal associated benefits for both the scientific community and for those charged with conserv
15165	7	the natural regeneration of holm oak quercus ilex populations depends critically on  onal outcome of the interaction between holm oaks and acorn dispersers. our main hypothesis is   isk will influence the final pattern of holm oak recruitment. we will test predictions from thi  l control of keys of predations risk in field conditions, then measuring the behaviour of seed   nctionality of mediterranean forests, a hot topic due to current rapid changes in animal and pl   to current rapid changes in animal and plant communities induced by man-made global changes in   man-made global changes in climate and land use.
1992	10	ld-wide is alarming with respect to its environmental impact and conservation. at the same time  t we often have no clue how or why. the great tit is an urban survivor, despite its dependence   e. we will collaborate with established research groups with long-term data on reproduction and  ata on reproduction and survival of two great tit study populations. again we will take an expe   the impact of experimentally increased noise levels on singing and other territorial behaviour   choice will be tested using a standard skinner box set-up with two pecking keys which trigger    be tested using a standard skinner box set-up with two pecking keys which trigger song playbac  experience with several species in this set-up, and, although great tits have been used in oper  l species in this set-up, and, although great tits have been used in operant conditioning exper  , although great tits have been used in operant conditioning experiments, this would be the fir
7460	11	acoustic methods including tomography, data transmission and communication to/from underwater   s, based on platforms located under the sea ice. data collection and transmission from the wate  on platforms located under the sea ice. data collection and transmission from the water column,  d fields of temperature, transports and heat fluxes. long-range acoustic navigation commands wi  ands will be tested to operate gliders. data transmission from fixed moorings via acoustic mode  ta transmission from fixed moorings via acoustic modems to the surface for downloading from shi  rface for downloading from ships or for satellite transmission will be implemented. the existin  tend and improve methods for underwater data collection that are presently tested in damocles i   esonet noe. transfer of technology and know-how from usa to europe will take place, with excha  gy and know-how from usa to europe will take place, with exchange of scientists, workshops and   three are smes and six are research and educational institutions.
539	2	more and more obvious that the current global warming influences ecosystems, and particularly    this project highlighted the impact of natural selection related to thermal stress and to the
211	1	enhanced while providing or eliminating critical habitat-components that are pre-determined by
6823	2	plant varieties developed using various gene manipulation techniques and these are grown on eve   be applied on a wider and wider scale. genetic transformation allows the desired gene to be in
11554	2	s predict how species introductions and global climate change are likely to affect success of i  ct how species introductions and global climate change are likely to affect success of individu
15015	2	because of global change due to human activities is altering biosphere-level processes   rocesses mainly in oceanic, coastal and inland water ecosystems, more investigation is needed t
10709	10	here is an emerging consensus that many animal species are responding to current climate warmin  nimal species are responding to current climate warming by shifting their distributions northwa  capes that have been greatly altered by human activities, and where breeding habitats are often  failing to shift and are lagging behind climate changes because they are unable to reach new si  ies that are lagging behind climate are endangered species of high conservation concern. even i  s of high conservation concern. even if greenhouse gas emissions were greatly reduced immediate  onservation concern. even if greenhouse gas emissions were greatly reduced immediately, more wa  reation of new habitats as corridors or stepping stones to allow species to move through unsuit  ew avenue of research on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. conservation strategies  ed work will provide a concrete body of scientific evidence to inform this debate.
10053	8	of antibiotic and pesticide resistance, heavy metal tolerance, and starvation. typical studies   tal changes outside of laboratories and natural disasters involve the sudden transition from on  ions are currently exposed to levels of carbon dioxide more than twice as high as those of the   on processes interact. my research uses laboratory experiments, computer simulations, and studi  y research uses laboratory experiments, computer simulations, and studies of natural population  xation of novel beneficial mutations by natural selection. one of these environmental changes i  echniques from many disciplines, namely evolutionary biology, ecology, population genetics and   ology, ecology, population genetics and molecular genetics. this sort of interdisciplinary, pro
12738	1	relevant landscape scale adaptation and conservation projects that have already been completed
14956	1	s the earth caused by the stratospheric ozone depletion. although emissions of cfcs it is possi
15053	1	in the tinto, through physiological and genetic analysis that permit us to identify the princip
12148	2	project is to study the adaptations of invasive species and their impacts on the ecosystems of  ts in the study of interactions between food web structure and biology of successful invaders;
14629	4	anthropogenic pollutants in inland waters system are a serious risk for planktonic   r adaptative capacity to changes in the physical characteristics of the environment, using as m  alinity. objectives of the project are: basic research objectives: 1. study of adaptation mecha  ganisms to environmental changes due to human activity. 2. study of consequences that those cha
11353	17	industrial melanism in the peppered moth, biston betula               industrial melanism in the peppered moth, biston betularia, has long been used as   educate generations of students and the general public about the reality of natural selection a  the general public about the reality of natural selection and adaptation. sadly, this classic c  ion and adaptation. sadly, this classic case study has been neglected by modern advances in gen  ed by modern advances in genetics. this research project aims to further mine this long-term st  nd out whether the melanism mutation in peppered moths arose once or many times. prior to the m  the pale coloured, speckled form of the peppered moth was known, but in 1848 a black form of th  nation for this pattern is that because peppered moths rest motionless on trees during the day   deposition and loss of lichen cover, in clean air areas typica is better camouflaged against vi  el rise and fall of a black form of the peppered moth in north america and continental europe.   d continental europe. the phenomenon of industrial melanism is not restricted to peppered moths  ndustrial melanism is not restricted to peppered moths: 70 other uk moth species, as well as ot  ional approach with the modern tools of molecular genetics to resolve a series of outstanding q  he relative importance of selection and gene flow to evolutionary dynamics; and the determinant  s differences among colour morphs. this research programme is also relevant to the conservation  rvation of biodiversity by serving as a case study for the consequences of anthropogenic enviro
13789	4	human activity is contributing to environmental changes  osystems such as the largely unexplored marine environments. we here propose an interdisciplina  marine environments. we here propose an interdisciplinary research programme that will integrat  s. we here propose an interdisciplinary research programme that will integrate, in a novel cons
13737	4	rvation into consideration. the present research project addresses in a new way the issue wheth   are well adapted to acid conditions. a preliminary investigation has shown that both the taxon  y acid but vary in the waters levels of organic carbon and inorganic aluminium content, and in   imilar way. we also plan to investigate common properties of tolerant species that may explain
12067	7	ic and social benefits, at least in the short term, they are degrading key ecosystem services b  tems makes them less prone to cope with invasive species . some of which are clearly detrimenta  s threats to humans living close to the disturbed areas and could be of major economical and he  ion. in addition, the emergence of some tropical disease can be directly linked to the rapid an  he environment. the modification of the ecological niches of insect vectors constitutes an epid  ed model insect species in genetics and evolutionary biology and have showed their ability to a  icultural models insects will trigger a major advance in understanding the impact of anthropiza
2031	3	cope with increased temperatures due to global climate change. plants, insects and vertebrates   th increased temperatures due to global climate change. plants, insects and vertebrates respond  e so organisms become mistimed to their food supply. this leads to selection on the way animals
2491	7	the project will be run by the natural resources law group at the university of oslo.   ligations and possibilities for various public authorities in norway, through land use planning  s public authorities in norway, through land use planning and nature management, to take or to   na which are due to extreme weather and climate change, and are the rules adequate to effective  themes as resilience, disaster law, and public nuisance doctrine are also relevant. there is co  interdisciplinary project responding to climate change: the potential of and limits to adaptati  h four annual national seminars and two international gatherings.
12399	8	into the socio-economic consequences of climate change in the marine environment. it will inves  c consequences of climate change in the marine environment. it will investigate the extent to w  es and legislation are robust to future climate change, and it will explore decadal-scale varia  ill explore decadal-scale variations in climate change that might mask the overall warming tren  might mask the overall warming trend of coastal waters over the next 20 to 30 years. key custom  ure-proofing of marine policies and new maritime legislation. specifically, to determine whethe  ion. specifically, to determine whether statutory instruments and targets that are being introd  ental change and whether indicators and reference points of ‘good environmental status’ under t
6875	1	e area of distribution and for the long time-scale, instead of locally in space and time. on th
13839	3	ions is today different kind of neutral genetic markers. due to the definition of neutral marke  on in nature. in order to study whether local populations of sea trout are adapted to their env  r to study whether local populations of sea trout are adapted to their environments, we launche
13780	1	cular fitness indicator in fish. we use brown trout and coho salmon as model species to address
15364	5	intensity of drought events related to climate change have been associated to important change  position, structure and distribution of forest ecosystems worldwide, by means of increasing mor  tance of these processes in relation to global climate and ecosystem services stability, teher   iable projections on the near future of forest ecosystems under probable global change scenario   forest under different managements and climate change scenarios in order to develop a manageme
15332	2	previous studies carried out by our research group demonstrated that the outflow tract of t  ht throw new light on the assessment of morphogenetic processes that operate in the development
13817	3	in this study i focus on genetic diversity on frog population in the gulf of bot  national perspective, 3 knowledge about genetic diversity within and among population is import  he genetics of phenotypic plasticity in life history in the frog population by testing a recent
11120	1	of selection on maintenance of adaptive genetic variation.
14668	3	about the bending capacity of different bone structures would be carried out. the structures ch  ried out. the structures chosen are the shoulder girdle and the wing bones of birds, the human    functional demands, which could act as selective pressures. although the baculum is not a loco
10435	3	this project will investigate the evolutionary processes and physiological mechanisms und  in or across species. we shall test the alternative hypothesis that the frequency with which su  by subordinate and dominant females and quantitative analyses of existing data to . finally, we
9952	1	ctive strategies of individuals and the population dynamics of cooperative breeders. however, a
15461	3	anurans have two organs in the inner ear . the cutoff point between organ sensitivity   a parallel project by the ucla team the first year. the research proposed is completely innovat  novative because no previous behavioral field studies have addressed the sense of vibration det
15514	2	environmental change across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales is the rule r  changes are embedded in demographic and evolutionary processes that occurred in the past. there
15515	2	environmental change across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales is the rule r  changes are embedded in demographic and evolutionary processes that occurred in the past. there
11615	1	populations shape variation in neutral genetic markers and ecologically significant quantitati
10753	2	n pelagic waters. work conducted by our research group at sams supports this hypothesis. we hav  g of their location using card-fish and confocal microscopy. by combining these areas of resear
9871	2	n pelagic waters. work conducted by our research group at sams supports this hypothesis. we hav  g of their location using card-fish and confocal microscopy. by combining these areas of resear
11737	1	recent data suggest that, contrary to prevailing views, there are pathways for near surface c
1944	5	this project is part of a research programme that aims to develop multidisciplina  cy strategy on agro- biodiversity. this research project is directed towards the administrative  interdependencies between actors in the food supply chain in a juridical sense. the oio with a   sense. the oio with a specialization in policy sciences maps the institutional interdependencie   institutional interdependencies in the food supply chain and analyses the opportunities for go
14367	3	s composition, and stand diversity from remote sensing data. - a successful airborne flight cam  lyzing the sensitivity to errors in the input data. - the evaluation of the cost-benefit of com  borne hyperspectral with laser scanning remote sensing data for deriving forest thematic output
15303	4	chromosomal hybrid zones of house mouse, mus musculus domesticus, are an excellent   usions it has been found suppression of genetic recombination near the centromere in heterozygo  m a comparative analysis of the maps of genetic recombination between standard individuals, hom   we will determine which alterations in genetic recombination related to the diploid number and
15152	5	ndings are multiple, among are included fishing nets, military exercises, ship collisions and i  tiple, among are included fishing nets, military exercises, ship collisions and infectious dise  luded fishing nets, military exercises, ship collisions and infectious diseases. of the infecti  military exercises, ship collisions and infectious diseases. of the infectious diseases stands   lisions and infectious diseases. of the infectious diseases stands out the cetacean morbillivir
13979	5	opulation management have neglected the economic costs of management, and have thus risked wast  anagement resources. recent advances in decision theory for application to conservation allow f  ources, the swedish epa has produced an action plan for the woodpecker, with total implementati  ent strategies that meet the woodpecker action plans objectives. we will also examine the vulne   case-study for application to regional endangered species management, with potentially great s
7451	3	nt species are as yet unknown, however, climate change is likely to be an important factor. in   o the spatial and ecological use of the marine environment by different regional and river stoc  marine growth, condition, and survival. salmon populations may migrate to different marine zone
13362	2	aegean agricultural research institute have tomato, pepper and                      aegean agricultural research institute have tomato, pepper and eggplant gen
6843	3	he decomposition process drives complex food webs with the soil fauna. collembola are ubiquitou  the impact of here practiced methods of forest management on biodiversity. site description: th  s as well as from native or native-like deciduous forests, in order to compare their collembola
10688	1	uenced by nutritional conditions during early development. we will combine the organismal fitne
10443	9	survival play a fundamental role in the social structure and population dynamics of animals. wh  mental role in the social structure and population dynamics of animals. while data from a range  opulation-level patterns and individual life histories allows us to explore the consequences of  llows us to explore the consequences of life history responses to temporal changes in the envir  emporal changes in the environment in a population dynamics context. as a result, our research   arch will provide general insights into life history and aging theory, an understanding of how   ory, an understanding of how individual life histories respond to environmental change, and a t  etical framework for linking individual life histories to population dynamics.   or linking individual life histories to population dynamics.
7051	8	ffecting it remain to be understood. as biological control is effectively the product of networ  etween pests and their natural enemies, food web analysis provides a versatile tool to address   oposed project will utilize a molecular food web approach and examine, for the first time, how   tative aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs on a species-specific level to unravel how ch  pecific level to unravel how changes in food web interactions affect parasitoid aphid control.   tity affect parasitoid interactions and pest control, complementing the field results. the work  lization affects whole aphid-parasitoid food webs in both simple and complex landscapes, allowi  ing for further improvements in natural pest control.
11821	7	human society, the improved methods of food production eventually resulting in rapid populatio  roduction eventually resulting in rapid population growth and the development of complex civili  n, which results in the crop undergoing genetic changes that make the plants more desirable to   experiments have shown that if rigorous farming practices are followed, domestication can occur   we have been studying this question by genetic analysis of einkorn, a type of wheat that is no  ing. to do this we will study a part of chromosome number 1 of the wheat genome called the 5s-d  ones in wild plants, we will be able to work out exactly which wild populations are related to
7436	3	roject objective is to provide, through genetic analysis, understanding of the genetic diversit   genetic analysis, understanding of the genetic diversity of elements of the population, their   ocuses on the remuneration of trainees, genetic analysis, scientific equipment and valuation fe
10639	7	together complimentary expertise and a research team of proven effectiveness, leading to signi  ries that will be published in foremost scientific journals. the impact of this phd will be to   ectiveness of a land-use advocated as a climate change mitigation strategy. the project will sh  o enable society to respond urgently to global climate change by providing timely evidence-base  e society to respond urgently to global climate change by providing timely evidence-based recom  imely evidence-based recommendations to policy makers charged with climate change adaptation an  endations to policy makers charged with climate change adaptation and mitigation. moreover this
7430	3	gas plant in aim to capture and develop organic fertilizers on our plot. for 2010, we plan to c  rips, planting several species mixed to green manure, nesting boxes for sparrows, improving our   several species mixed to green manure, nesting boxes for sparrows, improving our pesticide red
7190	4	ment in 2007. the inclusion of this new social issue has become part of the environmental dimen  o-ecosystems while maintaining adequate production levels and ensuring the economic viability o  f farms. in this context, weeds diverse biological characteristics of weed species. these syste   the evolution towards a productive and sustainable agriculture
7417	3	gration. it is part of a productive and sustainable agriculture. cereals, particularly wheat, a  of land and grain quality are improved. plant diversity introduced into the cultured medium, th  stry grain of the hérault. research and development partners ensure a participatory and collabo
7111	1	he landscape structures and dynamics of land uses and management of field margins. in perspecti
7413	1	he project focuses on the impact of the green belt on the agricultural plots to define the impl
7703	7	n between nitrogen metabolism and plant defense mechanisms, choosing the model plant for cereal   for cereals, rice, wheat base with the green revolution, and model fungus magnaporthe grisea a  onditions and artificial inoculation in field conditions. in the laboratory, it will be possibl  en metabolism and those involved in the defense mechanisms, those who have a major role in this  ll be measured globally by conventional chemical analysis but gene expression analyzes identifi  y by conventional chemical analysis but gene expression analyzes identified in the laboratory w  e in the field. furthermore analysis of genetic diversity and the work of genetic expression of
523	1	scape structures and by the dynamics of land use and the management of field borders. as a futu
13310	10	ocols for the assessment of large-scale environmental risks in order to minimise negative direc  sity. in particular, risks arising from climate change, environmental chemicals, biological inv  lar, risks arising from climate change, environmental chemicals, biological invasions and polli   context of current and future european land use patterns will be assessed. there is an increas  essed. there is an increasing number of case studies on the environmental risks subsequent to e  ncreasing number of case studies on the environmental risks subsequent to each of these impacts  ert is poor and alarm will be the first research initiative with the critical mass needed to de   the first research initiative with the critical mass needed to deal with such aspects of combi  ombined impacts and their consequences. risk assessments in alarm will be hierarchical and exam  isational . alarm encompasses 7 smes as full partners with central responsibilities and with a
15187	4	ed as bioindicators of the increases of sedimentation rates in disturbed environments. the sedi  works have studied the algal turfs from coral reefs and subtidal habitats with high sedimentati  l reefs and subtidal habitats with high sedimentation rates related with human activities. neve  h high sedimentation rates related with human activities. nevertheless, very few works have pre
13593	2	ajor component of the ongoing change in biotic communities. in this project, we will explore th  ee introduced macroalgae on the swedish coastal ecosystem.
2522	4	n pathway of the pacific oyster through genetic studies.this project will provide knowledge of   n native fauna and flora that will help natural resource managers to develop monitoring and act  urce managers to develop monitoring and action plans for this invasive species.   op monitoring and action plans for this invasive species.
14416	2	y the introduction of alien arthropods: long term study on effect of h. axiridis on native anim  ion. the project will produce validated data base of alien arthropods of bulgaria published in
12016	4	r this programme, we brought together 5 research groups from different research institutions, s  xt. we have studied the impact of alien invasive species in invaded communities, taking the rat  or study-case. the combination of these different approaches we conducted on ecologically contr  ing of the complexity of the impacts of invasive species when introduced to or removed from isl
13743	1	nation network. to study the ability of invasive species to establish facilitative interactions
176	1	experiments and ideas generated during pilot studies.
10823	5	buoyancy plays an important role in the diving behaviour of all air-breat  ant role in the diving behaviour of all air-breathing marine animals. we will investigate how s  e-related differences in the ability of loggerhead turtles to regulate their buoyancy, affects    coastal foraging sites and also in the deep sea. in addition, this will be the most comprehens  ve satellite tracking study of juvenile sea turtles revealing their migration patterns and habi
14103	1	. the same is valid about boreo-nemoral deciduous forests growing in estonia almost on the nort
12355	2	icals, provide satisfactory quality and turnaround times, and do this for an acceptable cost pe  ptable analytical quality requirements, turnaround times, and cost per sample, and identify com
12709	2	ration is typically tied to traditional land use and particularly to farming and forestry. the    or norfolk broads generate significant business opportunities linked to tourism
11067	6	main determinant of species ranges, so climate change is expected to cause changes in species   s are likely to respond individually to climate change, the overall consequences of these chang  derstanding of the potential effects of climate change on regional and global biodiversity. thi  will investigate altitudinal changes in dung beetle species in five mountain regions along a la   changes in dung beetle species in five mountain regions along a latitudinal transect in europe  ated to the latitudinal position of the mountain range. finally, i will explore the consequence
9965	6	main determinant of species ranges, so climate change is expected to cause changes in species   s are likely to respond individually to climate change, the overall consequences of these chang  derstanding of the potential effects of climate change on regional and global biodiversity. thi  will investigate altitudinal changes in dung beetle species in five mountain regions along a la   changes in dung beetle species in five mountain regions along a latitudinal transect in europe  ated to the latitudinal position of the mountain range. finally, i will explore the consequence
12037	6	ning exploitation of one of the richest natural resources on earth, especially familiar farmers  nerally poor and with limited access to public health, education, formation, energy or transpor  l development. the project considered a wide range of situations present in two different count  iplinary fields, a unique protocole for data collection and treatment while a number of authors   based our work on an interdisciplinary conceptual model and created an indicator of eco effici  ith the lowest ranking. impact on local economic development and environmental conservation is
10527	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
10774	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11051	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11574	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11816	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11817	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11820	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11235	8	evelopment catalyst project to build an interdisciplinary research and partner consortium that   iosphere: the yungas . these two sister forest ecosystems are amongst the most biodiverse regio  ese ecosystems span more than 6 million square kilometers, roughly 25 times the size of the uk.  via food, medicines, home, culture, and natural resources. these forest biospheres also provide  rbon sink. internationally, there is an urgent need to improve understanding of the importance    deforestation, resource extraction and climate change. this proposal is for a 6-month grant to  hropologists, veterinary scientists and social scientists working with a diverse group of local  e yungas-amazonia observatory including research team and methods; partner organisations; impac
10573	10	play a critical role in the cycling of greenhouse gases between the biosphere and atmosphere.   tively few ground-based measurements of greenhouse gas exchange from these ecosystems, as atten  zonian peatlands for regional or global greenhouse gas budgets, or to predict how emissions fro  first pilot measurements of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from amazonian peatlands, in order  us to better understand how methane and nitrous oxide fluxes are influenced by ecological proce  opical peatlands for current and future climate change. the need for studies like this are part  se of the rapid pace of development and land use change, which may trigger enhanced carbon loss  ich may trigger enhanced carbon losses, greenhouse gas emissions and habitat degradation, all o  gger enhanced carbon losses, greenhouse gas emissions and habitat degradation, all of which may  which may act as a positive feedback to climate change.
2204	5	this workpackage is a case study of an introduced alien aquatic organism and   ature with a number of experimental and field studies. it has been intensively studied since it  h plague is so far mainly restricted to laboratory studies but this topic is well covered in th  n vectors have also been identified and human activities, connected to the great economic and s  ecological model that also incorporates human activities and behaviour will be the outcome of t
11186	17	hey appear to act as a bell-weather for global warming. in 1998, an estimated 16% of the world    documented. at the same time, tropical sea surface temperatures were the highest in the modern  n instrumental record. anomalously warm sea surface temperatures again caused widespread bleach  d widespread bleaching during 2002. the annual growth bands in coral can be used to reconstruct  to reconstructed temperature, salinity, ocean circulation, river runoff and sediment discharge   turies, and by overlapping these, long, high resolution chronologies can be constructed. intra-  s can be constructed. intra-crystalline amino acids have not been investigated before, but pilo  t data indicate remarkable potential. a chemical change in one amino acid, aspartic acid, offer  ble potential. a chemical change in one amino acid, aspartic acid, offers the highest resolutio  l. a chemical change in one amino acid, aspartic acid, offers the highest resolution chronology  onology yet observed using this method. aspartic acid racemization could help place these recor   behaviour of high-frequency short-term climate fluctuations such as el niño. even more intrigu  e intriguing is that variation in other amino acids may provide a marked for and a clue to the   ations in the amount of racemization of aspartic acid followed an increase in amino acid bacter  f aspartic acid followed an increase in amino acid bacterial markers the year before. records o  l to understanding the impact of future climate change and preparing management strategies for   and preparing management strategies for coral reefs.
10869	1	ctica new zealand s terrestrial biology research programme.
14782	1	enon of amphiatlantic distributions and allopatric speciation in opisthobranch molluscs with a
12051	2	nd multiagents modelling, to define the decision making mechanisms which condition the implemen  ases . the efficiency, the study of the decision making process and governance will be based on
15445	3	terranean and they are distributed in a wide range of body mass, from 100 g to 1 kg. regarding   of the genus must dig in very different soil conditions. it is known that although limbs are us  found, in order to explain the possible evolutionary process of changing, departing from the ep
12479	7	osystems of england, such as woodlands, rural landscapes, rivers and moorlands. ecosystem servi  atural ecosystems perform critical life-support services upon which human civilization depends.  nds. ecosystem services provide us with economic benefits in a number of different ways. some o  environment programme, which included a significant amount of work in identifying the ecosystem  system services involved, assessing the key issues and outlining the tools available to quantif  o ascertain some service values primary data collection and analysis may prove very valuable. a   and marginal values. a small number of case studies will be employed to investigate these issu
11861	1	siderable importance is helping set the policy agendas for a range of organisations, including
11591	1	to work in a collaborative manner with policy makers, policy formers and researchers to identi
12241	4	collected, only rudimentary systems of data storage were available, and most datasets were rec  t as paper records, on microfiche or on magnetic tape. this makes them difficult to access and,  ously used to download information from magnetic tapes. if these data are to be preserved and u  d also be used to collate new data from ongoing research. in summary, the database will underpi
12672	3	rsity and related ecosystem services in developing countries, focusing on those with a high pro  ng of the importance of biodiversity in developing countries. to illustrate this evidence base   o illustrate this evidence base through case studies and examples.
10444	4	fectiveness of gps-collars to study the social behaviour of foxes in urban bristol. we will com  ation error polygons, size of resultant home range estimates, efficacy of determining habitat u  s, efficacy of determining habitat use, cost-effectiveness. our ultimate goal is to advance our  erence competition and the cost-benefit trade-off between natal philopatry and dispersal. we wi
11576	3	focus for research into the effects of climate change on weather, climate, water resources, ag  e methodology will then be applied to a wide range of biomes for which eddy covariance evaporat  o their corresponding climate and water budget constraints.
10650	12	and represent a highly important global carbon dioxide sink, with an amount of stored carbon re   their ability to continue to sequester carbon dioxide and their botanical composition under fu  heir botanical composition under future global warming scenarios is uncertain, but research int  o store carbon during former periods of climate change can provide clues to their potential fut  ing the medieval warm period and little ice age in raised peat bogs was dependent upon the bota  arm period and little ice age in raised peat bogs was dependent upon the botanical composition   fossils do not preserve well in blanket peat bogs and other boreal and subarctic peatland ecosy  ruct peat forming plants from extensive peat bog archive deposits which contain millennial reco  mperfectly known botanical composition. peat bog deposits contain detailed records of carbon se   long-term ecological records to inform conservation policies. uk scientists are world leaders   onservation policies. uk scientists are world leaders in the analyses of these deposits, and th  mes on biodiversity, sustainable use of natural resources, and knowledge exchange to stakeholde
10079	3	explain and predict pollinator-mediated gene flow. the comprehensive model of cresswell et al.    model of cresswell et al. encapsulates key elements of our conventional view of pollination an  ll understanding of pollinator-mediated gene flow and thus supporting accurate predictions.
10041	14	of the most spectacular features in the natural world. many of these displays depend on the pre  t functions as antioxidants, and in the immune system, leading to the possibility of trade-offs  e system, leading to the possibility of trade-offs in their usage. while environmental factors   ity of trade-offs in their usage. while environmental factors affecting carotenoid coloration h  here is almost no information about the genetic factors involved, although these must have seve  olved, although these must have several important roles in carotenoid conversion and deposition  n studied in many species; and a robust phylogenetic reconstruction is available for this group  ch is important for testing comparative evolutionary hypotheses. the project will isolate genes  d between dull and bright red or yellow body parts. comparison between the quelea and widow bir  arts. comparison between the quelea and widow bird will allow us to determine if the same or di  sible for carotenoid deposition in bare body parts compared to feather follicles. also, by exam   interest to behavioural ecologists and evolutionary geneticists. the work will also provide th   of carotenoid coloration and potential trade-offs with other carotenoid functions such as anti  unctions such as antioxidant and in the immune system.
152	4	ve of the grant project is to create an information system of tree and stand models and data se   1. working out of the structure of the information system to implement the models included in   to implement the models included in the information system and test them on data sets. 6. testi  d evaluation of the models saved in the information system based on the available data sets. 7.
10901	4	ill be demonstrated by csna analysis of amino acids derived from tissue and diet samples from c  h bangor university. dissemination will take place through the nerc community and beyond. comme   through the nerc community and beyond. commercial exploitation will be undertaken by our indus   exploitation will be undertaken by our industrial partner.
13799	6	the proposed research project will analyze the role of different for  focuses, among others, on how different property rights and management practices of these land   ights and management practices of these land uses influence biodiversity and ecosystem function  ing habitats. habitats analyzed include nature reserves, dispersal corridors in green wedges, c  s, dispersal corridors in green wedges, city parks, residential gardens, allotment gardens, gol  residential gardens, allotment gardens, golf courses, agricultural lands and forestry.
7689	11	the green belt formed by the agricultural irrigation canals  e green belt formed by the agricultural irrigation canals is in the present context of land a s  ovence french riviera. take the role of irrigation canals in ecological dynamics, economic and    and giest in january 2011. new uses of irrigation canals covered both economic and social dyna  n frame of durance luberon territory of irrigation canals will meet this demand. the objective   ape that can support the development of interdisciplinary research and management choices. mode  ifferent actors concerned by the use of irrigation canals and management. it then looks at how    and generated mapping, we show how the irrigation canals can foster connectivity between farml   the central assumption we make in this research project is that the irrigation canals now form  ke in this research project is that the irrigation canals now form an aquatic soustrame, in the   this dynamic plant on the outskirts of irrigation canals, such as the role that they play in t
14848	3	ity and others have remarked the highly disturbed conditions of the river basins in this megadi   the highly disturbed conditions of the river basins in this megadiverse region. it is needed t  the most important zones to explain the evolutionary history of the group of fishes and benthon
11726	2	t this site, at the ends of the wet and dry seasons. canopy- and component-scale measurements w  d a key forest type that, unlike inland rain forest, harbours very few tree species and is stro
15017	1	s will be experimentally studied in two bird species. in adittion, the heritability of the effi
10052	3	r sediments. bacterial communities play important roles in aquatic food webs, and are vital to   unities play important roles in aquatic food webs, and are vital to the integrity and normal nu  s will include measured time courses of microbial diversity during controlled sediment and wate
12703	4	f three linked investigations to inform policy making and land management decisions concerning   nd land management decisions concerning climate change and protected sites, and considerations   r evidence of signals of the effects of climate change. there is also a project that is assessi  roject that is assessing the impacts of climate change on ornithological interest of uk special
1085	9	influence the invasion of mediterranean sand dune ecosystems by alien plants. the current proje  ate the degree of naturalisation of the exotic species and their position concerning naturaliza  nvasion processes. this project aims at setting up a geo-referenced data base of the native and  ect aims at setting up a geo-referenced data base of the native and exotic vascular flora of th  ascular flora of the coastal systems of sand dunes in central italy containing information rega  raphic distribution. to this scope, the data base will be integrated with a gis software in ord  tive and alien species in the different plant community types growing on coastal dunes. further  thermore, the invasion processes of the sand dune systems will be monitored by using permanent   sion processes currently in progress in sand dune ecosystems.
14569	3	ion vary wiyh strains and depend on the host plant and soil features. studies on its genetic an  h insights into the contribution of the genetic diversity of soil microorganisms to the functio  il microorganisms to the functioning of forest ecosystems. .
10232	4	ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come  p track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this comes from studies at spec  e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode  bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.
10498	4	ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come  p track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this comes from studies at spec  e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode  bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.
11512	4	ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come  p track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this comes from studies at spec  e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode  bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.
11613	4	ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come  p track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this comes from studies at spec  e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode  bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.
15172	1	stigations carried out by the applicant research team in previous/current projects propagated i
10721	5	evolutionary biologists have long been fascinated by th  t species. past research has shown that sexual dimorphism has arisen in response to differing m  ng through the population, due to their negative effect on the other sex. finally, we will stud   antagonism in order identify the exact nucleotide sites responsible for differences in sex-spe  ites responsible for differences in sex-specific performance. doing so will allow us to infer f
7389	2	roposes to continue the exploitation of basic research and applied purposes of a metagenomic li  unds and determine the impact had quont gene transfer to shape these clusters
6923	6	crown gall caused by agrobacterium is one of the most s   controlled. the pathogen transform the host plant cells resulting in tumorous growth. the tran  bacterial dna from the bacterium to the host cell nucleus is determined by bacterial virulence   cell nucleus is determined by bacterial virulence genes, while its integration into the plant g   using insertion mutagenesis, yeast-two hybrid system or virus induced gene silencing. the aim   w tools may help us in engineering new, crown gall resistant lines.
14173	2	ewer-fangman type 2-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. we would like to understand what m  n vitro reconstitution experiments with purified protein factors.
15173	3	in this research project we will study sex determination and go  ing xenopus tropicalis and bufo bufo as animal models. we chose the species x. tropicalis due t  elation with morphological changes that take place in the gonad during development will allow u
12461	1	economic link licence condition against public interest objectives, particularly the vision of
15038	9	biological invasions are important elements of global change, representing the s  he decline and even collapse of several marine ecosystems. seaweeds represent an important comp  resent an important component of marine exotic species, ranging between 10 and 40% of the total  e of these species mean a high risk for marine ecosystems, as seaweeds may function as ecosyste   further than the direct impacts by the invasive species, such as changes in species compositio  enario and in new climatic scenarios of global warming, identifying special sensitive regions t  dentifying special sensitive regions to invasive species and, with them specific communities. u  onsidering as model the invasion of the red seaweed asparagopsis taxiformis on mediterranean an  cies is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in europe and in the mediterranean sea
14705	1	duction. in the other hand, to know the genetic diversity of this specie allows us to develop m
7532	2	tic profiles. we propose to analyze the genetic diversity of 15 of these races with the panel o  eds of livestock information, and study genetic distances between them. the distances between r
15143	1	importance that small fragments of semi-natural habitat have as biological corridors, allowing
7371	2	of the variability of genes involved in meiotic recombination which is nevertheless at the hear  lyzing the nucleotide diversity of four key players in the formation of crossing- overs at the
14862	1	present in practically every permanent fresh water body of this planet and they exert in many
10068	1	n the same way. some kinds of seabird . evolutionary trees will also be used to test whether al
15424	3	y perspective to study the evolution of sexual behaviour, genitalia and alternative mating tact   . one of the most important debates in evolutionary biology focuses on why sexual reproduction   the nature and significance of selfish genetic elements, like transposons. we recently reviewe
13415	1	le production system of angora goats in rural areas within the context of conservation and sust
14166	7	measurements have demonstrated the high information content and potential of angular reflectanc   of angular reflectance distribution in remote sensing applications. for example, the angular d  ield base of the estonian university of life sciences which has been and will be a test site of  e sciences which has been and will be a test site of international satellite remote sensing pro   a test site of international satellite remote sensing projects. besides advancing the know-how  sensing projects. besides advancing the know-how of instrument development and data processing    know-how of instrument development and data processing techniques, the results of the project
9963	3	many animals live in social groups, such as shoals of fish, herds of zebra,   dual animals, and the interactions that take place between animals, influence the patterns we s   for this sort of work, as they live in social groups in the wild, and also swim freely in open
6918	8	should be optimized. the inbreeding in short time, the decreasing of homozygozity in long time  y. the genetic improvement of dairy and beef cattle, of sport horses as well as of pig and shee  luding the animal breeding departments, research institute, breeding company and the breeding a  y and the breeding associations and the state office of animal breeding. the solution of geneti  allenges increases the genetic value of domestic animal populations in the future. there are, h  in the future. there are, however, some short time effects of this activity as well in the main  by the planned scientific and practical international cooperation. in the project the basic and  he hungarian breeders' associations, as co-workers and consortium members, will use the results
1987	3	irds travel between their wintering and breeding grounds via a number of distant stop-over site  reeding grounds via a number of distant stop-over sites. why birds use a particular route and f  ration and ecological, evolutionary and conservation issues. in particular, state-dependent mod
13600	2	more general ecological question about rain forest ecocsystem response to canopy disturbance.    variuos epiphytes on coffee plants and shade trees. i will primarily be located at dr. stacy m
14417	6	d ultraviolet-b radiation. the enhanced ultraviolet radiation affects important metabolic proce  ng organisms and causes damages to many organic molecules including dna. deep understanding of   to be a wide field for biodiversity and environmental protection investigations. the resistance  iorating anthropogenic conditions. many harmful effects accumulate genomic and cell defense sys   ability to survive settling in various ecological niches and thus being extremely resistible t  nd biochemical markers of resistance to ultraviolet radiation alone or combined with other form
10344	5	experiment, tied up to a large drifting ice floe in the weddell sea, antarctica. they will cond  bial assemblage that thrives within the sea ice itself and in the waters directly underneath th  tic organisms and bacteria and look for specific chemical signatures of the organisms that can   d the ship, however, some sophisticated chemical analyses will be made on samples returned to b  ar microbial dynamics and diversity and chemical processes within the oceans. the expedition is
14366	4	goals: wp1 digital elevation models for morphological analyses: the objecvtive of this wp is to   dems. wp2 development and evolution of river systems: the major aim of this wp is to automatic  ings. wp5 functional and multi-temporal urban development: the objective of this wp is to study  interactions and to asses the impact of urban development on the natural and cultural heritage
14708	1	will be compared to gain insight in the evolutionary history of this mutualism.
13786	11	munity little is known about anti-viral immune responses. viral diseases are especially abundan  nown about anti-viral immune responses. viral diseases are especially abundant in lepidoptera.   rts of the hemolin sequence followed by protein expression and binding assays in vitro. knowled  ence followed by protein expression and binding assays in vitro. knowledge of viral pathogenesi  d binding assays in vitro. knowledge of viral pathogenesis in lepidoptera comes from studies of   studies of noctuid moths and there are circumstantial evidences for hemolin involvement in sev  r hemolin involvement in several of the defense mechanisms against the viruses. by cloning hemo  rent virus types. in parallel, a global gene expression analysis in silkmoth will be performed,  na interference. knowledge of the virus defense mechanisms that control the baculovirus develop  for improving baculovirus efficiency in biological control. it can also give insights into anti   can also give insights into anti-viral defense mechanisms in vertebrates.
14106	2	costs of reproduction and dominance in field studies on free-living birds. research will be co  onary animal ecology – greenfinches and great tits, i.e., passerine birds with carotenoid-based
7630	2	our project has two primary objectives, ecological restoration operations are also part of the   on compensation "in kind" to offset the environmental impacts to the natural environment is sta
15333	4	d by agriculture, forestry, tourism, or urban development alter biodiversity at local, regional  le, classify and identify. they play an important role in nearly all the ecosystems to evaluate   of organization including communities, functional groups and individual species. at the same t  stry, and tourism policies, reconciling economic development and the conservation of biodiversi
14604	2	will determine whether the influence of temperature changes on the different vital processes ha  otypical plasticity or in adaptation by natural selection. this information will be useful to m
7120	1	ersity mainly apprehended in the nature conservation policies of line
10465	6	iotic bacterium that provides essential amino acids and other nutrients that are absent in the   hogenic fungi, help the aphid withstand heat shock, and influence host plant use. secondary sym  hid withstand heat shock, and influence host plant use. secondary symbionts constitute a pool o  species they can be called a horizontal gene pool, a term we borrow from bacterial genetics whe   subprojects. the first is to develop a mathematical model to synthesise all we know about seco   final part of the project seeks to use cutting edge bacterial genetic strain typing to describ
9887	6	iotic bacterium that provides essential amino acids and other nutrients that are absent in the   hogenic fungi, help the aphid withstand heat shock, and influence host plant use. secondary sym  hid withstand heat shock, and influence host plant use. secondary symbionts constitute a pool o  species they can be called a horizontal gene pool, a term we borrow from bacterial genetics whe   subprojects. the first is to develop a mathematical model to synthesise all we know about seco   final part of the project seeks to use cutting edge bacterial genetic strain typing to describ
10922	2	estigated from both long and short-term laboratory studies and complemented by a range of mathe   studies and complemented by a range of mathematical models. these models will range from gener
15575	24	since the 1940ies increased agricultural production has modified agricultural lands  luding destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats, reduction in habitat diversity, and i  ed by biodiversity are rare. biological pest control is one ecosystem service threatened by agr  ut the mechanisms behind such landscape-pest control relationships. moreover, the relationship   hip between natural enemy diversity and biological control is not straightforward. even though   fluctuating environmental conditions. a food web approach, where the trophic interactions betwe  use and natural enemy diversity affects biological control. it has been shown that the structur  n that the structure of host-parasitoid food webs can be strongly altered by habitat modificati  ication with important implications for biological control. however, to date no study has explo  as explored the interactions in complex food webs including agricultural pests, predatory and p  ractions in complex food webs including agricultural pests, predatory and parasitoid natural en   of natural enemy-pest-alternative prey food web interactions and the value of biological contr   food web interactions and the value of biological control. our study system will be cereal aph  e among the economically most important insect pests in many parts of europe, and the most impo   these aphids as well as their non-pest food sources. based on the vast amount of data already   d by our team we will analyse how local land use and landscape composition affects natural enem  fts in natural enemy communities affect biological control. using up-to-date molecular techniqu  . using up-to-date molecular techniques food web interactions will be empirically examined unde  ions will be empirically examined under field conditions allowing us to conduct interaction net  rent scales affects trophic linking and biological control. these data will feed into a model f  . these data will feed into a model for biological control of cereal aphids, and facilitate val  al aphids, and facilitate valuations of biological control through monetary and non-monetary me  -monetary methods. finally, we will map biological control across landscapes in europe and test   and landscape structure will influence biological control.
10603	4	ut these bacteria as we can only grow a tiny fraction of them in the laboratory for study. deep  on of them in the laboratory for study. deep ocean sediments contain most of these deep biosphe  the surface and trying to study them at atmospheric pressure, which might kill the vast majorit  ospheric pressure, which might kill the vast majority of them. we have developed a system which
10103	5	d 20,000 species, is the largest in the plant kingdom. orchids hold a particular fascination be  ing, intensification of agriculture and land use changes have placed many species in jeopardy.    for over a century, the details of the chemical compounds that are characteristic of it are un  recently developed technique in which a laser beam is used to vaporise compounds contained in t   tissue and to pass the products into a mass spectrometer enabling the individual carbon and ni
12631	6	g supporting statements; and structured telephone interviews with a selection of local authorit  elephone interviews with a selection of local authority planners and representatives of natural  ral england. the research will focus on local authorities with high a degree of development pre  grade alc land located near to existing urban areas. 3. study outputs from these elements of wo   project team will ultimately develop a technical report which details the current availability  stainability indicator when determining planning applications. the project team will also seek
7034	4	ty or a reduction in the stability of a real world ecosystem. outputs from this research projec  real world ecosystem. outputs from this research project may have fundamental practical implica   the stability according to a change in driving forces like climate change.   ding to a change in driving forces like climate change.
6744	4	the am research institute for viticulture and enology has been   resistance breading effectivelly for a half century. breading of fungi-resistance, marketable    important the use results of molecular biological research. application of molecular markers,   g. in this field the using of molecular genetic markers constitute is a new and effective metho
14484	2	is trichiura lives as a parasite on the large intestine of the human host. trichuris vulpis and  on and sequentiation of the co1 and nd1 mitochondrial gene in the three species of nematode par
15219	2	ny marine invertebrates present complex life cycles comprising several developmental stages whi  ncountered by researchers when studying population dynamics, recruitment events, larval dispers
14663	4	igh irradiance combined with drought or low temperatures. the imbalance between light energy ab  truction of a reliable and reproducible data base. finally, its validity as an ecophysiological  ol will be tested by using the obtained data base in a forest study to compare antioxidant syst  ed by using the obtained data base in a forest study to compare antioxidant systems in winter a
14203	1	w lake with comparatively high ratio of catchment area to lake volume can be attributed to the
10862	1	cal scientific knowledge to real marine environmental problems. this grant supports 3 full stud
11022	11	iassic, about 220ma ago. their mesozoic fossil record is frustratingly sparse, and the part tha  nge transformed to the mechanism of the middle ear; one of the great case studies of vertebrate  ism of the middle ear; one of the great case studies of vertebrate evolutionary morphology. bas  o help them interpret fossils. detailed high resolution scans can be produced using synchrotron   resolution scans can be produced using synchrotron radiation. the small size of morganucodon a  tage as they can be accommodated in the high resolution facilities at the swiss light source to  high resolution facilities at the swiss light source to be tested. the analysis calculates stra  forces. non-invasive techniques such as computed tomography scans can be used to generate accur   be insectivores but this covers a very wide range of possible food. this study will use fea to  ll inform on feeding specialization and ecological niches. morganucodon and kuehneotherium both  rstand the mechanism of the transition. high resolution synchrotron scans will also provide det
12490	15	hrough high ammonia concentrations near point sources; - decrease of species diversity of semi-  its subsequent leaching; - pollution of ground water and drinking water due to nitrate leaching  aching; - pollution of ground water and drinking water due to nitrate leaching; - eutrophicatio  ce waters due to nitrogen enrichment; - global warming due to emission of nitrous oxide and met  nt; - global warming due to emission of nitrous oxide and methane, and cooling due to ammonium   ling due to ammonium sulphate aerosols; air quality management for ecosystem protection has pri   date on the use of critical levels and critical loads to define environmental thresholds above  ne environmental thresholds above which adverse effects may occur. however, the effects on ecos  to the nitrogen emerging as nitrates in water courses to the detriment of the aquatic environme  riment of the aquatic environment or to nitrous oxide emissions that contribute to climate chan  rous oxide emissions that contribute to climate change. in the uk to date, most effort has been  irective insight into the true costs of policy measures. this project will compare the ecosyste  tems approach with current conventional air quality management approaches to determine which as  . this will acheived by comparing three different approaches to emission control which involve   mentation of an ecosystems approach for air quality policy development at national level in the
12516	5	ase management in organic and low input apple orchards. an ecological approach to orchard floor  earch to identify the components of the apple blossom weevil sex pheromone should lead to new m  ers. manipulation and management of the ground cover plants within the crop to provide attracti  oth in terms of refuges and alternative food sources is likely to increase the abundance of ben  nge of pest species that have different life cycle strategies. some species have a ground inhab
12046	3	the plankton are the base of the marine food chain. among planktonic microbes, there seems to b  n the plankton to understand how marine food chains work and the effects of global change. we e  e effects of global change. we examined basic questions concerning protists of the plankton by
12057	3	ies in aquatic systems ans likelyplay a key role in shaping and/or controlling the diversity an  . however, comprehensive studies at the community level are still missing. the following object  rate phages; 3/ assessing transduction, host range and resistance processes in communities; 4/
11045	1	ing within different species in various food chains, all the way up to and including man. recen
11057	1	ing within different species in various food chains, all the way up to and including man. recen
10238	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
10697	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
11252	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
11262	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
11793	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
11800	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
11803	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
9971	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
9977	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
9986	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
9988	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
12247	2	d reduce the environmental footprint of food production substantially. this has clear significa   has clear significance for sustainable food production and security.
207	1	s in forest ecosystsems under different forest management pressure; to study experimentally the
14108	1	rrhizal fungi whole dna extraction from plant roots followed by molecular species identificatio
11863	6	nments such as deserts or inside caves. charred remains are much commoner, these being grains a  a is only poorly preserved, because the high temperatures to which the molecules have been expo  ing the technique called the polymerase chain reaction . pcr does not work particularly well wi  s to use it to study the ancient dna in charred remains have not been very successful. this is   trating because ancient dna analysis of charred remains could tell us a great deal about prehis  thern europe, but we do not know if the genetic changes that resulted in this adaptation occurr
7035	9	pelines in the landscape that transport organic carbon from the continents to the oceans. recen  that streams, rivers and estuaries emit significant amounts of co2 to the atmosphere. these stu   of ecosystem metabolism on terrestrial organic carbon — in streams and rivers. obviously, thes  bservations raise the question: how can organic carbon that was initially stored in soils over   tions involved in the metabolism of key organic compounds of terrestrial origin. we will also t  ively recalcitrant compounds. new ultra-high resolution metabolomics will contribute to unravel  pine, tropical and arctic networks. the carbon cycle in these biomes is predicted to be particu  s predicted to be particularly prone to global warming. this ecosystem-level information, coupl  heir performance to oxidize terrestrial organic carbon.
10518	4	e hydrate is stable under conditions of low temperature and high pressure such as those found i  r than 300-600 metres, depending on the water temperature. over the past thirty years, the ocea   hydrate is stable to contract down the continental slope, with the apparent consequence that h   the seabed to derive the variations in electrical resistivity in the sediments beneath the sea
11727	1	and simple incubation experiments with bacterial cultures. such studies have much wider implic
10183	5	onships in zooplanktonic species. since planktonic organisms are central to marine foodwebs, th   central to marine foodwebs, the global carbon cycle and represent a key life-stage of many ben  ny benthic species the determination of bacterial infections that take place in the plankton wi  ermination of bacterial infections that take place in the plankton will have a profound influen  nkton will have a profound influence on marine ecology.
11663	7	livestock. ascertaining if an emergent infectious disease is spreading and if that spread is m  ading and if that spread is mediated by human activities is a fundamental component of infectio  ctivities is a fundamental component of infectious disease risk assessment, indentified as a de  amental component of infectious disease risk assessment, indentified as a deliverable in nerc s  ory suggests that dispersal mediated by human activities can proceed in a disorganized and irre   recruit the public to cooperate in the data collection. this project extends a strong working   llection. this project extends a strong working relationship between twjg at the institute of z
11785	6	ion. thus, a huge deficit exists in our general knowledge of species diversity, but also, there  reme negative correlation between taxon body size and the number of species described. current   e found in all habitats, but notably in marine sediments where they can make up between 50-90%   nematodes are ecologically important in marine sediment ecosystem processes and comprise the ma  hich macroorganisms rely. despite their pivotal role in ecosystem functioning, a current estima  olecular biodiversity would represent a major advance towards identifying a crucial biological
11636	11	diated, nutrient cycling processes that take place within soil. these processes are essential f   soil microbial communities. typically, molecular analysis involves extraction of soil dna or r  dentity and diversity of the community. molecular analysis has revealed the existence of consid   revealed the existence of considerable microbial diversity in soil and the existence of many g  with extreme environments, e.g. low ph, high temperature. non-thermophilic crenarachaeota are a  of large fragments of dna from soil and marine environments indicate a possible function for th  ontain genes isotope c or with labelled organic compounds known to be converted by ammonia mono   be converted by ammonia monooxygenase. nucleic acids in organisms assimilating these substrate  l be labelled and 13c- and 12c-labelled nucleic acids will then be separated by density gradien  nucleic acids will then be separated by density gradient centrifugation. the different nucleic    gradient centrifugation. the different nucleic acid fractions will be analysed, by amplificati
10070	3	are essential symbiotic partners of the vast majority of temperate trees; the fungi play a crit  tured from the soil for access to plant organic carbon. however, we know surprisingly little ab  eathland systems, and they will provide stepping stones for performing ecologically-significant
10429	2	cal ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly a  stly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simulate tropical c
10967	2	cal ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly a  stly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simulate tropical c
11699	2	cal ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly a  stly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simulate tropical c
14952	2	sion process will be proposed, based in ecological niche and in degree-day models.   posed, based in ecological niche and in degree-day models.
14540	5	the development of former research projects dealing with identification of autoch  ginal from america, which behaves as an invasive species, outcompeting the autochthonous artemi   as possible the presence of the exotic invasive species. the research on life span for specime  xotic invasive species. the research on life span for specimens from these populations, under s   from these populations, under standard laboratory culture conditions, and on cooccurrence in a
14638	3	the development of former research projects dealing with identification of autoch   to improve the information held in the data base and cyst bank maintained by the research grou  ta base and cyst bank maintained by the research group.
7151	4	d growth, the light color and excellent mechanical properties of the wood. f. angustifolia is a  tifolia is not considered an essence of good quality and there is no known economic uses of its   a business perspective. the reality of climate change, notably that of the increase in the ave  on, local adaptation, mating system and gene flow measurements in sympatric populations and pur
13875	9	rosa rugosa from ne asia is an invasive exotic species in n europe and ne north america. it con  distinguished, evolution and ecology. a genetic change may have taken place in the exotic range  ion and may have been caused by altered selective pressure in the new environment or by introgr   from its natural enemies , which limit population growth and plant vigour in its native range.  h and plant vigour in its native range. circumstantial evidence points to both evolutionary and  ar species, and the introduction of new invasive species. the project will test for quantittive  ing general herbivory and disease under field conditions with competitive neighbours. experimen  ive and exotic ranges. in addition, the population dynamics will be studied in order to identif  ill be studied in order to identify the life cycle stage most sensitive to control measures.
14583	2	ommunity in the places where due to the human activities is damaged or it is disappearing, and   olve the lose of biodiversity caused by human activities.
12590	4	policy-makers across defra and other government departments have a key requirement for relia   the belief of both policymakers and uk soil scientists that sufficient information already exi  exists to enable the impact of existing government policies on soc losses to be examined. howev   of soil c flux for several established land use and management scenarios, within specified lev
10163	5	coral reefs are under threat worldwide from a combinati  ed to have had a considerable impact on reef fish communities. the aim of this project is to co  ublished and unpublished information on reef fish abundance across the caribbean. using the sam  term patterns of change in abundance of reef fish and relate these to changes in habitat and fi  changes that have occurred on caribbean coral reefs over the past 30 years.
10190	3	in unicellular microbes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and  crobes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be    growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be discriminated usi
10998	3	in unicellular microbes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and  crobes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be    growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be discriminated usi
14373	2	importance throughout the world and in developing countries in particular. it will also incorp   devices that would greatly enhance the data collection capacity, its interactivity and ease an
12291	5	nge. in the last 30 years, agricultural weed control has been dominated by the use of herbicide  ective of this research is to develop a computer model that will predict the impacts of changes   development of herbicide resistance. a key element of these changes will be to incorporate mor   more cultural, physical and biological weed control options. this modelling-based project will  ticular, the development of alternative weed control strategies will require research to better
10840	1	can be used to reconstruct phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a levels using a range
15438	1	ng multifactor interactions influencing ecosystem structure and functioning is critical to unde
13794	2	ndscape analyze of ecosystem services , trade-offs between bundles of services, multifunctional   in addition to work within my previous case study in southern madagascar, i have also initiate
7485	1	. technical and operational failures of fish farming technology cause escapes. cages break down
14109	11	drastic changes in landscape structure during the last   f plant populations causing the loss of genetic variation through reduced gene flow, higher inb  ss of genetic variation through reduced gene flow, higher inbreeding and random genetic drifts,  gene flow, higher inbreeding and random genetic drifts, which decrease species fitness and incr  elements are expected to counteract the negative effects of fragmentation. the role of such ele  ion. the role of such elements enabling gene flow and thus supporting plant genetic diversity i  ing gene flow and thus supporting plant genetic diversity is largely unknown. sowing of commerc  equences of this measure on the natural gene pool have received no attention so far. the aims o   sowing commercial seed mixtures on the genetic diversity and fitness of natural plant populati  he effect of landscape structure on the gene flow. using artificial dye to mimic pollen, i will  c pollen, i will study how effective is gene flow by pollen and whether it is influenced by hab
12168	2	binations of options promoting farmland bird populations, the extent to which these are influen  population recovery for a number of key bird species.
12550	1	use of antibiotics to achieve improved disease control of efb. shook swarm involves transferri
10865	1	to be tested are not too ambitions for doctoral research, given our supervisory track-record,
14816	1	ive models of future distributions in a climate change scenario. we will also extract the perti
11012	2	s, either separately, or in response to one another. for example, changes in temperature or hab  es of hosts and pathogens to coexist. a wide range of economically important plants vary in eit
11524	2	s, either separately, or in response to one another. for example, changes in temperature or hab  es of hosts and pathogens to coexist. a wide range of economically important plants vary in eit
12171	6	a wealth of evidence suggests that set-aside has had benefits for farmland biodiversity, p  cent studies suggests that, on average, set-aside can support 6-8 times higher densities of key  her densities of key declining farmland bird species in summer and over 50 times higher densiti  dge mitigation measures for the loss of set-aside. the results will help policy-makers to asses  easures to mitigate against the loss of set-aside by providing a strong evidence base for the i  his habitat change on the behaviour and population trends of farmland birds. they will also pro
10311	6	ate of the region. this is because most climate models predict an increase in dry season intens  t climate models predict an increase in dry season intensity, and all an increase in temperatur   the coming century as a consequence of global climate change. whether or not long-term climate  ming century as a consequence of global climate change. whether or not long-term climate change  limate change. whether or not long-term climate change is already involved the current event ca   can help us evaluate how humid forest, deciduous forests and savanna ecosystems and species re
2182	1	is the only norwegian territory in the northern hemisphere which is not included. an update of
10858	1	me of the most basic information on the life history of this species, information that may be v
10067	5	proliferative kidney disease and will significantly contribute to fun  dly during research with case partners, fish farm partners and academic institutes. drivers for  nderstanding is crucial for identifying risk factors associated with disease outbreaks and the   dentifying risk factors associated with disease outbreaks and the susceptibility of wild fish p  onid fish and the many pressures facing brown trout populations, monitoring fish health in the
10156	11	se studies and, indeed, the majority of disease control programmes of humans and domestic anima  isease control programmes of humans and domestic animals tend to consider individual infections  on for shared resources . in this case, immune responses raised against one parasite may also a  sign of truly effective and sustainable disease control programs. if control approaches only co  . putting all these interactions into a mathematical model will allow us to predict how such pa  e a vital tool for developing long-term disease control strategies in other host species, such    in other host species, such as humans, domestic animals or wildlife threatened to extinction b  or wildlife threatened to extinction by infectious diseases. it is gradually being realised tha  sed that parasite co-infections play an important role in the occurrence and management of many   the increasing concerns about emerging infectious diseases around the globe, it has never been  ce, and control. this project will be a major step in that direction.
11676	11	se studies and, indeed, the majority of disease control programmes of humans and domestic anima  isease control programmes of humans and domestic animals tend to consider individual infections  on for shared resources . in this case, immune responses raised against one parasite may also a  sign of truly effective and sustainable disease control programs. if control approaches only co  . putting all these interactions into a mathematical model will allow us to predict how such pa  e a vital tool for developing long-term disease control strategies in other host species, such    in other host species, such as humans, domestic animals or wildlife threatened to extinction b  or wildlife threatened to extinction by infectious diseases. it is gradually being realised tha  sed that parasite co-infections play an important role in the occurrence and management of many   the increasing concerns about emerging infectious diseases around the globe, it has never been  ce, and control. this project will be a major step in that direction.
12341	2	summary objective: the north-east atlantic stocks of porbeagle and spurdog are  sure that new policies are founded on a good understanding of the resource and its exploitation
12615	10	england has a substantial legacy of chemical contaminants in soil, mainly resulting from in  aminants in soil, mainly resulting from industrial pollution. government has a wide range of po   industrial pollution. government has a wide range of policies specifically designed to prevent  hat it has the potential to cause harm. government policy is clear that the risks need to be ad  ntaminants specified as limit values in planning permission conditions and associated use of la  t such information. it may be that some local authority contaminated land officers collect some  r statutory duties under part 2a of the environmental protection act 1990, e.g. where sites whi   a phased approach will be taken to the data collection exercise. firstly, a pilot study will b  he data collection exercise. firstly, a pilot study will be undertaken to establish the feasibi  cy to date which can in turn inform the policy making of the future.
10992	1	rsity and the impact of factors such as climate change, this project aims to provide a small-sc
11214	3	ntial reasons for this include changing circulation patterns and/or changes in the abundance an  oductivity to reconstruct phytoplankton production rates, from space. production rates estimate  oplankton production rates, from space. production rates estimated from space will then need to
11754	2	fish stocks, we need to understand the population dynamics and productivity of the zooplankton  ne these relationships using animals in laboratory culture under different conditions. we will
419	3	ears to be one of the most sensitive to climate change. the potential impacts of these changes   f many ecosystems and species. a strong research effort to determine the past and coming effect  by generating consequences on dependant human activities. it will then become possible to propo
7136	2	be one of the most sensitive regions to climate change. the potential impacts of this change co  s generating an impact on the dependent human activities. it will then be possible to propose a
12272	18	to inform government policy at national and european scales, defr  s that influence the sustainability and environmental impacts of arable crop production. this p  ity and environmental impacts of arable crop production. this project will maintain consistency  f surveillance of diseases and pests in winter wheat and winter oilseed rape and cabbage stem w  es and pests in winter wheat and winter oilseed rape and cabbage stem weevil. a final assessmen  em weevil. a final assessment will then take place on all crops at pod ripening to measure stem   a questionnaire will be used to obtain specific details of agronomic practice. additional inve  rain. the datasets generated from these annual surveys now provide defra with statistically sou  n and flexibility necessary to inform a wide range of policy questions now and for the future.   istically robust source of evidence for policy making which aims to mitigate the impacts of cro   key resource for monitoring impacts of climate change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator  ecting future availability of pesticide active ingredients, to production of wheat in this coun  continue existing collaborations with a wide range of defra and levy funded research and indust  acts of issues including food security, climate change, environmental protection, uk and eu gov  ncluding food security, climate change, environmental protection, uk and eu government policy,   ge, environmental protection, uk and eu government policy, varietal resistance, pathogen resist  d management and economics on wheat and oilseed rape production. samples or data will also be p  o be provided to support monitoring for food safety, development and validation of models for d
7457	9	as the evidence for human induced climate change becomes clearer, so too does the realiza  mpacts on natural environment and socio-economic systems. some regions are more vulnerable than  on the quantity and quality of water in mountain regions. modeling techniques will be used to p  various time and space scales. regional climate models will provide the essential information o   incidence of extreme events in various catchment areas. environmental and socio-economic respo   be devoted to the interactions between land use/land cover changes, and changing or conflictin  s. specific environmental conditions of mountain regions will be particularly affected by rapid  n regions whose economic conditions and political structures may compromise capacities to respo  uch as the andes and central asia where complex problems resulting from asymmetric power relati
12295	19	low defra to improve their responses on land use issues in england. the project will provide a   rovide a readily available resource for decision makers to assess the most sustainable options   assess the most sustainable options for land use. the project aims are: 1. identify sources of   roject aims are: 1. identify sources of land use typology data for england. 2. create a databas  ase of metadata for the key features of land use typology datasets, including searchable key wo  typology datasets, including searchable key words or tags and links to other datasets or policy  posed by inclusion of each dataset in a land use framework. 4. assess existing activities curre  cal barriers to synthesis of comparable land use datasets into one map. 6. recommend future wor   that could aid in the development of a land use framework. such suggested future work could in  d include the creation of a synthesised land use typology into a single classification scheme.   ing of the distribution and patterns of land use at a meaningful level for policy making. durin  s of land use at a meaningful level for policy making. during the project a desk-based assessme  based assessment of existing sources of land use data will be undertaken, and the results of th  ill focus on the geographic elements of land use data. where the resolution of the data is deem  ecognised as not sufficiently useful to decision makers this will also be recorded. additionall  onally, perceived gaps in the domain of land use data will be noted. the first stages of the pr   are to discuss the potential form of a land use framework, to address the function of such a f  ; • land with designated status – aonbs/national parks/nature designations analysis will be per   defra taking each dataset forward in a land use framework. recommendations will be made for ad
14981	1	it is well known that human activities impact structural elements, both bioti
14979	1	it is well known that human activities impact structural elements, both bioti
14980	1	it is well known that human activities impact structural elements, both bioti
14978	1	it is well known that human activities impact structural elements, both bioti
7191	2	mpas review of marine reserves governance implications of large scale   ications of large scale in national and international waters. we will apply these methods in th
12641	1	identify the social, environmental and economic benefits and costs of alternative options for
12252	5	tion without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. the environ  d out in the environment itself causing point source and diffuse pollution and impacting on hab  will be undertaken to identify the main scientific evidence base on which the comparison work w  e based. the causal mechanisms by which different approaches can influence environmental outcom   this will help inform defra policy and public debate about sustainable farming. the innovative
14674	1	the region guarantee the success of the research project proposed.
12153	10	aging flocks of sheep on large areas of common land and communal grazing. initially, sheep had   ool self contained flocks are required. anecdotal evidence suggests that hefting can increase b  sonal preferences for grazing different plant communities. variation in the spatial distributio  rs of the delivery team and some of the anecdotal evidence. the latter will be addressed by pre  l be addressed by preparing a number of case studies looking at examples of hefting in differen  of additional management practices. the case studies will include some basic costings which cou  s which could subsequently be used as a bench mark for the practise. the resulting report will   ariations and quantify any positive and negative effects of hefting on livestock performance, a  ts of hefting on livestock performance, animal welfare, farm economics, environmental impact an  rmance, animal welfare, farm economics, environmental impact and landscape. the potential impac
12646	1	ce, and hence the effectiveness, of the environmental protection , through an assessment of wil
15465	4	high interaction of these species with human activities. at present, foraging and feeding data  meters for blood and skin of a group of bottlenose dolphins kept in captivity in the loro parqu  nformation on fractionation factors and turnover rates of the tissues that will be analyzed is    indicators of changes occurring in the marine environment.
7667	2	for several decades, research teams have been interested in the impacts of h   have been interested in the impacts of human activities on function of the ecosystems, and mor
13778	2	s of predation by gelatinous species in coastal waters. the target area will be the gullmar fjo  latinous species in coastal waters. the target area will be the gullmar fjord, west coast of sw
12371	1	am managing and co-ordinating an annual research budget of c. £5m and about 100 projects. as we
7619	6	s using the plant for the management of soil erosion. the french association of biological engi  soil erosion. the french association of biological engineering for the management of soil erosi  gical engineering for the management of soil erosion. french position this association with a e  g the french experience in the field of biological engineering in other countries, the other to  es, the other to pool the knowledge and know-how various countries to a more universal use of p   plant technology for the management of soil erosion
7426	1	ble are partial and often circumvented. chemical control is fragile. in 2009, new populations r
13941	7	sing assortative mating in the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis , an important insect pes  borer ostrinia nubilalis , an important insect pest of agricultural significance over much of t  icultural significance over much of the northern hemisphere. our aim is to set the scene for su  hagous and thrives on a large number of host plants. at the same time its sex pheromone system   ptance of courting males and thus limit gene flow between the races. we will identify these mal  be investigated in both male and female corn borers by means of microarray techniques. finally,  ce, clone, and functionally express the fatty acid reductase gene previously demonstrated to ac
14699	3	c features and their high dependence to host plants make them an excellent indicators for envir  to higher relevance alterations such as global warming. nevertheless, no systematic compilation  ves of this project are: - to produce a data base with the bibliography references and also the
6757	2	the so-called global regulators play an important role in bacterial gene expression. they simul  ors play an important role in bacterial gene expression. they simultaneously regulate the expre
10191	2	s are provided with a highly nutritious food source. whatever the reasons it is obvious that th  matically affected. this project is the first step in attempting to understand and explain inte
11040	2	ater vehicles or robots . indeed in the long term these technologies will benefit almost anyone  urements that tell us about the rate of climate change and its effects. our work will increase
10002	11	life is challenging, especially in the deep sea where high pressure and other logistical chall  challenges limit data availability to a tiny fraction of what is available for other systems. m  w shown that even larger animals in the deep sea can vary in density by orders of magnitude, wi  ude, with concurrent changes in average body size, over periods as short as months. these varia  nked to climate-driven variation in the food supply to the deep sea. similarly, biogeography st  ven variation in the food supply to the deep sea. similarly, biogeography studies have found th  g 100 km or more, the abundance of deep-sea life is related to surface productivity in the wate  ductivity in the waters above. thus the deep sea could be readily impacted by processes that al  hat alter surface ocean conditions like climate change, fishery activity, or ocean iron fertili  is will show how factors such as hills, food supply, or community composition relate spatially   t into how spatially pervasive temporal climate change impacts might be, a significant input fo
13501	1	food plants are competitively dominant. conceptual models predict a reversal of grazing effects
12608	5	this research project is one of a number under defras ‘partn   of 90% for the total soil improver and growing media market to be peat-free by 2010 and is als  , particularly for use in horticultural growing media. the current main alternatives to peat ar  lternatives to peat are timber industry by-products, coconut-fibre dust and will involve interv  d will involve interviews with the main growing media manufacturers in the uk and also key supp
2121	4	two approaches, analysis of demographic time series, and interspecific comparisons of manipulat   analysis paths will utilise exhaustive data bases that have been assembled in pre-projects. th  re-projects. the first dataset contains time series derived from long-term studies of demograph  cts of climate, geography, taxonomy and life history.
10285	4	one of the most important issues in climate policy over the next few ye  e the choice of appropriate targets for emission reductions to play a major role in climate mit  rize winning intergovernmental panel on climate change. it will be accompanied by a 2-way inter  ans and outputs. members of the ukcip08 user group will also be consulted. information will be
14784	3	high rate of mineralization of the soil organic matter, with the consequent decrease of the soi  he quantity and the quality of the soil organic matter, as well as of the soil biochemical acti   on physical, chemical, biochemical and biological characteristics of soil, and the relation wi
11743	1	ifferent aphid species sharing the same host plant or parasitoid is predicted to be more simila
14511	1	this project studies the bacterial diseases of wild eel populations as well as t
12463	1	r purpose: in the eu there is intensive data collection of bycatch and discard onboard commerci
15153	2	been incorporated to the mainstream of plant community ecology in the last decades, and since   nce then they are receiving substantial research effort, especially in stressful abiotic enviro
400	1	to the unique diversity from fisheries, climate changes, aquaculture activities and habitat los
14113	1	mental awareness and involvement of the general public, to improve the dialogue between researc
15214	1	imultaneously, we shall reconstruct the evolutionary history of the selected group by including
7572	2	at some contact areas. from building a genetic map and a qtl analysis, we propose to look for   de on a model species for understanding evolutionary processes responsible for biodiversity
14482	1	finally, it is expected to calibrate a molecular clock and to date the main cladogenetic event
6872	4	been started recently, to discover new chemical compounds and biological activities. from the    to discover new chemical compounds and biological activities. from the other hand the lack of   w chemotypes, isolate compounds of high biological activity, to work out new methods of isolati  mpounds of high biological activity, to work out new methods of isolation as well as to know mu
12595	4	this research project will provide a clearer understanding o  ticulture. the governments biodiversity action plan . the lowland raised bog hap has a target t  rvices such as carbon capture and other government requirements such as duties under the eus la   also important to understand that each peat bog is part of a national series, those in the nor
10461	2	in order to estimate the survival rates of wild animals, data are collected from  to use the data to estimate the desired survival rates. to date the main statistical methods us
10281	3	the coastal zone are increasing due to global warming, with sea-level expected to rise by 0.5    by 0.5 m over the next century. rising sea levels combined with increased storminess is expect   to experts around the world at a major international conference in japan.
6753	3	eef breeds were imported. the number of beef cattle increased, attained 100.000 cows in the ear  e european community. when eu member is beef cattle breeding will get into better position amon   of agriculture. for the development of beef cattle breeding methods research have to be contin
15563	4	licy paper as well as interdisciplinary scientific publications. above that, the overall goal o  ve scientific advances in the following research fields: the ecology of beech forests and their  ope, and valuation and marketing of the environmental services beech forests can provide. the r  forests and associated biodiversity for future generations.
13482	4	ontribute to the energy flow in pelagic food webs and to the downward flux of organic matter. b  c food webs and to the downward flux of organic matter. behavior and sensory functions of zoopl  ombining small-scale process-models and dynamic programming we will explore optimal behavioral    resources wisely while confronted with climate change and increased maritime activities.
15487	1	urvival as fitness estimates in several bird species.
10599	5	earing their brood. they are found in a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insect  wn offspring. this results in a classic arms race where the host is trying to detect and destro  ant is not yet known, since there are a wide range of chemicals on the eggs surface of which on  th this communication system gives us a unique opportunity to study the chemical communication   e cuckoos have learnt exploit the hosts weak point by either copying the important egg recognit
9972	5	earing their brood. they are found in a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insect  wn offspring. this results in a classic arms race where the host is trying to detect and destro  ant is not yet known, since there are a wide range of chemicals on the eggs surface of which on  th this communication system gives us a unique opportunity to study the chemical communication   e cuckoos have learnt exploit the hosts weak point by either copying the important egg recognit
2053	2	apair. the bluethroat is one of the few bird species in the world in which a genetic benefit to  be examine d for mhc genes that play an important role in the immune defense against pathogens.
14152	1	project can be of general interest for evolutionary biologists, explaining the mechanisms of d
13503	2	onnections between these behaviours and growth rates in a common environment, and physiological  reasing interest as a novel species for fish farming. performance in culture is assumed to be c
11602	2	top predator of the southern ocean, the king penguin. the study will bring together the experti  d to assess the potential usefulness of king penguins as indicators of fluctuations in biologic
14717	1	on of recent evolutionary events, where evolutionary processes can be detected more clearly, we
14974	1	threats such as habitat destruction or climate change. using this two-level approach, we hope
14278	1	earch institutions. * promoting belgian biodiversity research at international fora.
14304	2	research project in the framework of the 'second mu  ientific support plan for a sustainable development policy ' spsd ii ' part 3: supporti
2212	2	ck uncertainty, taking into account the physical characteristics of specific resources. • scrut  different property right regimes affect social costs and benefits, and how optimal and or cost
11319	6	sity and are ecological hotspots in the deep ocean but their inaccessibility poses major challe   conspicuous sampling gaps of which the equatorial regions and most of the indian ocean are the  e swir in which no bottom trawling will take place: three of these are within the proposed stud  area. this is an unprecedented event in international waters and presents a unique opportunity    in international waters and presents a unique opportunity to study the effectiveness of bpas i  ng deep-sea habitats and species in the high seas. detailed information on fishing effort at th
11320	6	sity and are ecological hotspots in the deep ocean but their inaccessibility poses major challe   conspicuous sampling gaps of which the equatorial regions and most of the indian ocean are the  e swir in which no bottom trawling will take place: three of these are within the proposed stud  area. this is an unprecedented event in international waters and presents a unique opportunity    in international waters and presents a unique opportunity to study the effectiveness of bpas i  ng deep-sea habitats and species in the high seas. detailed information on fishing effort at th
11585	6	sity and are ecological hotspots in the deep ocean but their inaccessibility poses major challe   conspicuous sampling gaps of which the equatorial regions and most of the indian ocean are the  e swir in which no bottom trawling will take place: three of these are within the proposed stud  area. this is an unprecedented event in international waters and presents a unique opportunity    in international waters and presents a unique opportunity to study the effectiveness of bpas i  ng deep-sea habitats and species in the high seas. detailed information on fishing effort at th
10200	1	ovide a proxy for the oxygen content of deep water. this study will serve as a baseline for und
2476	7	the project synthesizes and integrates research data produced in recent years as a basis for t  tion and further development of benthic indicator organisms for the monitoring of contaminants    endpoints and contaminants in selected indicator organisms. a secondary objective will be to e  ffects for pahs in selected indicators. biodiversity indicators will be developed by applying a  tablish a baseline that is unrelated to petroleum industry activities. these results will serve  g climate-related ecosystem changes and petroleum industry activities in the region for the com  several on-going and recently completed research projects on the barents sea ecosystem which ar
10744	1	c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will
11255	1	c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will
11259	1	c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will
11356	1	c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will
12606	3	research on practices for managing soil organic matter and lowland' agriculture in england, tak  type, agricultural systems and cropping/land use. any potential negative environmental and econ  velopes of normality for different soil/land use and rainfall areas. as well as identifying bes
10988	2	directive the thames region held on an open access web portal. the web portal will also provid  tween the ea, stakeholders and the nerc scientific community.
14297	2	part of the north sea consists, for the vast majority, of soft bottoms. exceptions are man-made  sing sampling devices operated from the sea surface, such as trawls, box cores and van veen gra
11595	7	teria evolve resistance to antibiotics; industrial pollution led to the evolution of dark forms  d to the evolution of dark forms of the peppered moth. however, in natural systems, evolution i  volution would be rapid where there was mutual antagonism . hosts evolve to resist infection by  genes rarely examined to date: parasite virulence genes evolve rapidly because parasites occasi  tes into humans about 70 years ago, and swine flu and avian flu have raised our awareness of ne  this is accompanied by a bout of strong natural selection that may explain why parasite virulen  selection that may explain why parasite virulence genes evolve rapidly. in this project, we wil
14285	1	contextcurrent research programmes in antarctic biology focussed in pa
7260	2	yzes the effects of the exploitation of marine ecosystem goods and services that biodiversity p  elops a dynamic multi-agent model using game theory and viable control theory. it offers an emp
14997	1	we will perform a molecular genetic analysis of phlebotomus ariasi species, studyin
14996	8	leishmaniosis transmited by the bite of sand flies. few data are available concernig the distri  nig the distribution and bio-ecology of sand flies in the balearic islands. the few data existi  f this heterogenous distribution is the sand fly fauna. the probability of the lesihmaniosis tr  imatic factors. the temperature and the relative humidity are the climatic factors that affect   ffect principally in the biology of the sand flies. on the other hand, it has been predicted th  latitude as in altitude, reason why the sand flies could be seen affected by this phenomenon. f  ity, survival, infestation ratio of the sand flies in relation to the climatic and environmenta  , survival, parasitism by leishmania of sand flies, together with the environmental data, will
2472	2	tem services and economically efficient food production at the farm and landscape level. we wil  the farm and landscape scale, analyzing trade-offs and synergies between functions. third, usin
7249	3	temporal variability of contamination, invasive species now widely present in temperate aquati   metropolitan territory: reflections of urban development in ile de france network of r2ds. sis  ssessment of chemical contamination and biological response of the ecosystem adapted to high an
15342	1	gical groups. the study objects are the dung beetles , thanks to the examination of bioacustica
14200	2	sed to evaluate the effect of dissolved organic matter on toxicity of contaminants. this invest  give the scientific basis for realistic risk assessment of hazards of chemicals for aquatic eco
15347	1	re open and light penetrates inside the burial place, with high humidity along the year, an abu
12044	2	this research project aims to understand the consequences th  able to biodiversity at the species and community levels; the processes that underlie these lan
12015	10	ognise the value of local knowledge and know-how, in order to strengthen the bonds between loca  bilities and promising perspectives for local specialities, despite poor knowledge of legal and  es, despite poor knowledge of legal and regulatory requirements and the inherent risks of trans  oduction and specialities to spur local economic development; taking local production and speci  on social and ecological processes, the research teams have been able to highlight and discuss   chers also contributed to discussion of intellectual property rights in the context of protecti  ntributed to discussion of intellectual property rights in the context of protecting local reso  ntext of protecting local resources and know-how. they made recommendations for adapting these   vation features and challenges. all the research teams worked more or less closely on setting u  ch teams worked more or less closely on setting up local and national systems.
13335	6	y biodiversity issues. by networking 21 funding agencies from 15 countries, biodiversa2 aims to  biodiversa2 will promote a strategy for biodiversity research, in partnership with other player  e funding opportunity for transnational biodiversity research projects -play an active role in   ortunity for transnational biodiversity research projects -play an active role in the processes  nable, independent funding platform for biodiversity research the project has 6 workpackages. w  stainable funding platform for european biodiversity research, which will be fostered by wp4. w
13312	14	net involving 15 countries and 19 major research funding agencies in europe with significant re  ving 15 countries and 19 major research funding agencies in europe with significant research fu  ing agencies in europe with significant research funding in the field of terrestrial, freshwate  and recommend requirements for european biodiversity research: including the convention for bio  ies, priorities and budgets of national research funding agencies. the aim of biodiversa is to   rities and budgets of national research funding agencies. the aim of biodiversa is to contribut  e aim of biodiversa is to contribute to setting up such a mechanism, and its objective for the   -operation in the field of biodiversity.research funding. with the aim of contributing to the i  ity strategy, biodiversa will allow the funding agencies to collate existing activities, compar  th developing vountries in the field of biodiversity research funding. in order to achieve this   vountries in the field of biodiversity research funding. in order to achieve this, biodiversa   tory, description and classification of biodiversity research programmes and reserach funding p  tion and classification of biodiversity research programmes and reserach funding programmes of   era-net members funding programmes with developing countries; -identification of best practices
2492	2	bitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 years. this will allo  empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and impr
2493	6	uch as voles and lemmings with cyclical population dynamics has taken place nearly simultaneous  e suspected to originate from change in land use and climate, have the potential to lead to eco   transmitted to other components of the food web owing to cascading indirect effects. along wit   theoretical interest in population and food web ecology, a main objective of this project is t  this project is to tackle the corollary conservation issues. this european collaborative projec  directly influence other species in the food web through cascading effects. within the last wor
12676	3	rsa are to improve the co-ordination of biodiversity research between member states, to share b  gnificant potential for defra to obtain added value for any defra funds contributed to the comm  biodiversity at population, species and community level in europe and provide wide access to th
7104	6	to partition the space by intensifying agricultural production on part of the territory so as   ty in france and is often advocated for developing countries. we find the spirit in devices suc  nsidered in the banal spaces, since the environmental protection strategies compete with other   rotection strategies compete with other land uses socially important. the debate focuses so oft  mpact on the natural environment versus environmental protection hampers economic and social de  cultural professional organizations and state services, tools applied products, we want tailore
516	6	area through an intensification of the agricultural production on a part of the territory so a  he eighties and is often recommended in developing countries. one finds the approach in devices  dered in ordinary areas, as soon as the environmental protection strategies enter into competit  of energy or the acknowledgement of the greenhouse effect. within the context of french mediter  e pre-urbanization development plays an important role in reducing progressively the areas avai  groups of species having a particularly important role in the functioning of ecosystems or agro
11505	3	in and diversity. the conservation of a wide range of domesticated crops and landraces ecosyste   stability and resilience 2. results of trade-off modeling and biosocial assessment of conserva   beyond the watershed intensified, with fair trade and value-added strategies adopted by value-
10877	1	important findings are taken up by key decision makers
11234	2	e working, stakeholder engagement and a wide range of outputs pitched at policy as well as scie  derstanding of household decisions over land use. the best partnership combines in depth experi
10724	1	recent advances in molecular biology techniques and analyses have greatly
451	4	to study the biodiversity of maldivian coral reefs in liaison with local partners. the study w   will be conducted from 4 different yet complementary angles: inventories, biogeography, preser  rine species in the maldives - with the fishing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being mo  he fishing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being more and more developed, what is the st
14677	1	termine the diversity, distribution and space-time structure as well as the functional stabilit
11774	1	pecifically on the potential impacts of climate change, which has been identified as a major st
7216	4	combination of field data, analyzes of population dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will   of population dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will help to clarify the operation of re  ar institute and the national museum of natural history of paris, and will bring together frenc  ect. the final restitution seminar will take place in madagascar
531	1	our research project aims to provide reflections on the int
7118	1	our research project is to provide food for thought on the
14418	5	t additions to our limited knowledge of insect pest pathogens in bulgaria and sets the stage fo  es for the biological protection of our forest ecosystems. the main goals of the proposed proje  entomopathogens will be conducted using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and cytological   ll be conducted using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and cytological and molecular meth  sed systematic investigations of forest insect pest pathogens are expected to: • record new pat
14846	4	also seem to be an important source of organic carbon in the sediments of aquatic systems. the  diments. the proposed research requires different approaches using several molecular high-resol  le cells and stable isotopic probing on nucleic acids. we will also combine this methodologies   our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes that have spread crenarchaeota f
14845	4	also seem to be an important source of organic carbon in the sediments of aquatic systems. the  diments. the proposed research requires different approaches using several molecular high-resol  le cells and stable isotopic probing on nucleic acids. we will also combine this methodologies   our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes that have spread crenarchaeota f
14804	3	ever, recent advances in microscopy and molecular biology have made it possible to examine such  unities in situ and without the bias of laboratory cultures. this proposal deals with the chara  s needed a clearer understanding of the microbial diversity of these ecosystems. the aim is not
409	5	the set-aside of forestland for biodiversity purposes is ma  scales, from single trees to very large nature reserves. the goal of the project is to identify   context, the biodiversity level of non set-aside forest . we use different analytical tools, m  y *reserve selection methods* including linear programming algorithms, and quotients between bi  uotients between biodiversity value and economic cost. the spatial and temporal dynamic aspects
11514	3	the effects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a tractable model system-ti  nment by using a tractable model system-tide pools on rocky shores. these pools act as natural   derstanding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.
9925	3	the effects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a tractable model system-ti  nment by using a tractable model system-tide pools on rocky shores. these pools act as natural   derstanding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.
1977	4	lophelia pertusa and madrepora oculata deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will   ertusa and madrepora oculata deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will show, wheth  ta deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will show, whether this mystery can be exp  l frameworks, community respiration and organic matter remineralization. the potential link bet
6891	1	collaboration between leading hungarian research centers of botany, zoology, soil science, and
11310	1	uences, we will also construct a better evolutionary tree independent of that from ribosomal rn
15337	7	maviruses are dsdna viruses that infect stratified epithelia in vertebrates. they are causative  in and in mucosa, such as cutaneous and genital warts, laryngeal papillomas, basocellular carci  ransmitted by arthorpods as vectors. in endangered species pv infection has ecological and cons  till based on assumptions without solid scientific evidence, e.g. species specificity, virus-ho  t organisms, with potentially different biological properties that might not be directly extrap   of already ongoing collaborations with zoological gardens and veterinarians in germany, spain,  w animal pvs. using this information as starting point we will perform phylogenetic, biogeograp
7021	1	osal, only rather limited supplementary field work will be necessary. biostratigraphical data f
14795	3	e used to analyse the proportion of the nitrogen oxides gases, including n2, being released int  nally biologically active areas. doñana national park is one of the largest and most importants  ction area for wild birds. however, the microbial life in its soil is perfectly unknown. all th
12518	1	ss of the beneficial effects of organic farming practices on biodiversity and environment recom
13729	3	to socio-economic processes driving how natural resources are managed. biodiversity is viewed a  anaged. biodiversity is viewed as a key natural resource for maintaining ecosystem functioning   te to the resilience of ecosystems. the specific goals are: * to examine how biodiversity contr
13947	2	destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats is predicted to cause unprecedented ra  unity viability analysis that generates risk assessments: the probability that the number of sp
14186	2	about selection mechanism occurring in microbial population of sourdoughs during continuous pr  lishment, biodiversity and stability of lactic acid bacteria and yeast population of sourdoughs
520	2	area. it also has for goal to analyze a development project in favour of biodiversity on an aoc   of an observatory that will enable the follow-up of the project and the evaluation of the impl
7108	1	ne territory. it also aims to analyze a development project in favor of biodiversity at the sca
521	1	the main objective of our research programme is to contribute to the study of the
7674	5	protected areas is linked to ecological trade-offs between various components of this diversity  relative perception by stakeholders and decision makers, and the effectiveness of the managemen  fectiveness of the management over long time scale . in this project we will simulate elephant   eir effects on tree diversity in hwange national park and integrated with models of elephant sp  urring and pumping sustainable over the long run. initial results will be presented in a worksh
7109	2	the main objective of our research program is to contribute to the study of the p  ew register of justification set around conservation issues and biodiversity valuation in the f
14114	1	anges in space and time by the detailed case study of one group of abundant and widespread mari
437	1	ons: . the history of the spread of the house mouse in the mediterranean basin has been elucida
442	1	the research programme focused on the effect of landscape s
13942	5	this experimental study concerns the importance of biodivers  ntal ecological processes on earth, the break-down of phytodetritus throgh deposit-feeding anim  on increases with increasing species or functional group diversity. 2. a more diverse community  otential to transfer more carbon up the food chain. 3. a more diverse community buries more org  3. a more diverse community buries more organic matter deeper in the sediment. 4. nodularin and
7567	1	nter- and intra-species diversity using molecular biology tools adapted but also the correlativ
7283	3	european and french, science and public decision making biodiversity the project proposes to in  e weight of the studies produced by the civil society, normativity scientific evidence. convinc  duced by the civil society, normativity scientific evidence. convinced of the relevance of lega
2051	2	easonably representative of the coastal marine environment . through this cooperation the proje   project will be able to develop a full statistical model for biodiversity without losing biolo
463	1	ty in the western indian ocean, using a wide range of data sources, having as objective to char
7281	1	e biodiversity areas, questioning their legal status and analyzes the motivations of various ac
14821	2	l biodiversity in the marjal pego-oliva natural park, as a first step to evaluating the water q  he marjal pego-oliva natural park, as a first step to evaluating the water quality and the leve
456	4	in addition to the inventory mission, a follow-up of the inventory of estuarial post-larva in t   combination of field data, analysis of population dynamics and the large-scale satellite sensi  e of toliara and the national museum of natural history in paris, and will link teams that are   . the seminar of final restitution will take place in madagascar.
7262	2	anisms associated with sunken wood deep marine environment has always been perceived as a zoolo  ose other reducing environments such as hydrothermal vents, cold seeps. the objective of the pr
9933	2	odiversity reduction caused by regional air pollution was actually occurring. stevens et al. pr   leading ecologists, biogeochemists and atmospheric chemists to develop and extend this approac
7467	1	ed and easily accessible to scientists, policy makers and planners such an integrated and acces
2137	6	the impacts of pronounced climate change are now apparent at various sites in the  ental understanding of norways northern marine ecosystems and their responsiveness to environme  with variables such as productivity and sea surface temperature for which a strong gradient is   st-doctoral fellowship grant to conduct fundamental research on marine benthos with a focus on   retical framework of the impacts of the global warming on the soft-bottom marine biodiversity i  om marine biodiversity in the norwegian continental shelf.
474	9	biomarks integrates 8 eu research institutes and 30 eu experts in eukaryotic mic  yotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biol  arine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biology, bioinformatics, as well as marine ec  nd for evaluation of its ecological and economic cost. the biomarks database will become the la  omarks database will become the largest world community resource on marine unicellular eukaryot  fusion of its data and new methods to a wide range of stakeholders and for scientific and publi   of stakeholders and for scientific and public education. several international research progra  public education. several international research programs on marine biodiversity, major genetic  ty, major genetic databases and protist culture collections, governmental and private agencies
7030	2	fter protargol impregnation, and in the electron microscope. a collaboration with pending frenc  ch and american projects will provide a unique opportunity for a synergistic study, connecting
7583	1	biodiversity toxigenic molds to dry at room temperature in sterile sand. . strains of the coll
7050	1	c size , mainly to finance a postdoc, a graduate student, and a technician.
14419	7	they are primary drivers of the global carbon cycle and they belong to the most valuable micro  . recent studies have demonstrated that flowering plants and insects ecosystems harbor vast unt  y of bulgaria is due to its substantial forest area. pirin, rodopi and central balkan national    area. pirin, rodopi and central balkan national parks are among the largest and most protected  urope. bulgarian parks host 250 endemic flowering plants and 1500 species of insects. these pla  es from these bulgarian ecosystems. the research project will be accomplished in three stages.   f insects and plants samples from three national parks: pirin, rodopi and central balkan. isola
7008	1	en evolved. at least 25% of the world's food crops are contaminated with mycotoxins will provid
7286	2	to their displacement. it thus promote gene flow between fragmented populations and maintain g  een fragmented populations and maintain genetic diversity within them
7153	4	rimarily documented by the exo or endo -skeletal remains of animals from archaeological sites,   icroscopic, molecular and isotopic. ten case studies, mostly original, serve as bases to a synt  uman impact on animal biodiversity in a time scale ranging from century to millennium. these ca  nging from century to millennium. these case studies cover a particularly rich environments tax
7211	5	oject aims to study the biodiversity of coral reefs in the maldives in conjunction with local p  th local partners in four different but complementary angles: inventories, biogeography, conser   maldives • fisheries invertebrates and reef fish being increasingly developed, what is the sta   status of the resource and its habitat critical habitats used during the life cycle of the mai  bitat critical habitats used during the life cycle of the main commercial species are they suff
429	3	in ancient oak forests developped on neutral soils in the lorraine  t the cavity was a pond. throughout the middle ages, tree pollen decreases while the proportion  an in a cultivated context early in the middle ages.
14716	6	anisms could lead to the development of new technologies. the aim of the project is to perform   des and evaluate there efficiency as an alternative technology in the biological control of the  ncy as an alternative technology in the biological control of the lepidoptera spodoptera littor  optera littoralis y meloidogyne spp. in field conditions . the project lies within the national  n the national program of biodiversity, earth sciences and global change in the national subpro  ty contributing to the thematic line of new technologies, development of technologies in the im
2499	4	havet og kysten. we believe there is an urgent need for applied research regarding utilization   plied research regarding utilization of marine ecosystems with emphasis on decision modeling of  fficient management strategies ensuring long term sustainability. due to the level of aggregati  imensional stochastic bioprocesses, and operational research and management science.
10969	4	a significant role in biofouling in the marine environment, and also in the pathogenesis of man  t, and also in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. an understanding of bioflim format  enance of bioflims is regulated by cell-cell signalling processes such as quorum-sensing. there  ree supernatant from cultures of marine bacillus licheniformis strain el-34-6 and b. subtilis s
13336	2	ed and easily accessible to scientists, policy makers and planners such an integrated and acces   biodiversity, and on the other to help policy makers take decisions based on the best availabl
2511	5	biotic metabolic pathways in eukaryotic host cells. in plants, maintenance of the cells metabol  lant. in this respect, the light driven electron transport processes in the chloroplast are ess  entification and characterization of an electron transport chain in etioplasts, and the structu  nctional changes of the plastid and its membrane protein complexes during the biogenesis of pho  a unique biochemical expertise to solve central issues in the biogenesis of photoautotrophy. to
10561	2	ts of the earth s biosphere, cycling of carbon compounds beneath glaciers and ice sheets is poo  f carbon compounds beneath glaciers and ice sheets is poorly understood, since these environmen
15346	2	biogenic volatile organic compounds by using different approaches: from t  nic volatile organic compounds by using different approaches: from the observation and the moni
15436	2	recent warming and variations in atmospheric circulation patterns, particularly the nort  t warming and variations in atmospheric circulation patterns, particularly the north atlantic o
11672	3	l zone contributes significantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the la  n gases, some of which are important in global warming. while a lot of work has been done to me  important processes in several tropical coastal sediments, and the relative importance of the d
11794	3	l zone contributes significantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the la  n gases, some of which are important in global warming. while a lot of work has been done to me  important processes in several tropical coastal sediments, and the relative importance of the d
10920	4	over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u  + years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie   the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large   uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.
11710	4	over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u  + years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie   the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large   uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.
11811	4	over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u  + years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie   the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large   uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.
11812	4	over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u  + years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie   the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large   uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.
9904	4	over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u  + years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie   the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large   uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.
9954	4	over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u  + years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie   the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large   uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.
7273	4	such as the amazon, local migration of freshwater fish are essential for maintaining biodivers  iogeochemical markers non- traditional, high resolution, to trace the movements of fish. our ap  hods icp- ms - and - mc- icp- ms in the growth rings of scales, including life history of fish   n the growth rings of scales, including life history of fish
10398	3	will provide clues to the source of the hot water and hence other potential areas for geotherma  , which could be contribute to the uk s renewable energy portfolio. analysis of hydrogen and ox  ify the source of the deep groundwater, chemical analysis will define the geochemical environme
15206	7	molyticus with pathogenic traits in the marine environment. these data contrast with the low nu   the pathogenic strains detected in the marine environment have no relation with the strains ca  pulations of v. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment of galicia throughout one year. this  ws us to determine the distribution and population dynamics of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus a   v. parahaemolyticus and identifies the environmental factors determining the abundance. in a s  ulation structure and for inferring the genetic changes promoting the adaptation to new environ   strains identified as pathogens in the marine environment could be assessed, allowing for an e
14853	1	ives, and autoecological studies in its natural habitat. however, and as it has been observed,
11782	4	eres play a crucial role in any kind of cell division. they form the points at which the cell s  he cell s machinery attaches to all the genetic material of a cell and organises the equal divi   dna into the next generation of cells. laboratory experiments in the 1980s showed that certain  ations together with a couple of simple laboratory experiments should reveal the causes and con
182	5	bodies and from ectomycorrhizal of the host plants plays a role in plant-fungus compatibility.  ntly sequences from root tips where the host plant is determined. we plan to study the populati  f the dominant taxa of thelephorales in boreal forests. tomentella radiosa and thelephora terre  data. the factors affecting their fruit body type will be studied. we study population genetics  nd the means of dispersal in one of the dominant species, tomentella bryophila or t. stuposa. t
10249	12	e to obtain a missing piece of a global jigsaw puzzle of deep-sea life, thereby advancing our u  piece of a global jigsaw puzzle of deep-sea life, thereby advancing our understanding of the pa  hree decades have found hundreds of new animal species, revolutionised ideas about how ecosyste  s have so far revealed six provinces of animal life at vents, where different species are found  e than others. the swir is an ultraslow-spreading ridge, where there is less volcanic activity   ses with its volcanic activity. at fast-spreading ridges, such as in the eastern pacific, vents  f kilometres apart. on less active slow-spreading ridges, such as the mid-atlantic ridge, vents   and the species that live on ultraslow-spreading ridges are largely unknown, despite such ridg  ding of patterns of biodiversity in the deep ocean. undertaking the first rov dives at a deep-s  es at a deep-sea vent on this ultraslow-spreading ridge will determine whether its fauna differ  s a new province of vent biology in the southern hemisphere. the project will also collect samp  search cruise in the indian ocean, this unique opportunity to extend an existing cruise to visi
14706	1	without fossil record, the geographical history of taxa can onl
14505	3	pecies. if there are major obstacles to gene flow due to the situation on islands, we expect hi   endemic species have a more restricted gene flow than widespread species. to test the hypothes  y than vascular plants, we will apply a molecular clock in order to estimate the time of separa
14601	3	pecies. if there are major obstacles to gene flow due to the situation on islands, we expect hi   endemic species have a more restricted gene flow than widespread species. to test the hypothes  y than vascular plants, we will apply a molecular clock in order to estimate the time of separa
14937	2	orted worldwide due to global trade and climate change. this project will study the biogeograph  a high impact in the fields of ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation biology. in addit
11728	1	rial populations, and for environmental/climate change. this research will develop analytical p
14115	3	roaches. growing disequilibrium between human beings and other species is now increasing becaus  ogical indication methods in remote and urban areas. 3.to use bioindicational methods in evalua  ioindicational methods in evaluation of human activities impact on natural communities and for
15264	3	s and lesions founded are comparable to capture myopathy syndrome in wild terrestrial animals.    study is to reveal more aspects of the capture myopathy based on the active stranded animals a   animals and their interaction with the human beings. we propose specific targets for our study
1101	9	p, ranging from biological databases to mathematical models for phylogenetic studies, from the   , to studies on molecular modeling from protein structure-function studies are coordinated and   loped products are useful for the whole scientific community. the presence in the group of seve  analysis packages; - the development of new technologies for database indexing and compression    of efficient matrices for globular and membrane protein alignment; with respect to implementat  of computational methods for microarray data analysis. wp3. comparative genomics: functional an  me analysis; - evolutionary analysis of mitochondrial genes and genomes for the study of phylog   - large scale modeling of globular and membrane proteins, - multidimensional indexing and prot  operties; - simulation of the classical molecular dynamics of dna-protein complexes; - developm
12036	2	ario of invasion which applies to three invasive species considered: the invasive bridgehead sc  se of introduced populations by purging deleterious mutations.
15074	3	because spain shows one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, the potential impact of i  late to the newborn weight and to other biological characteristics. late maternities, in additi  stics. late maternities, in addition to negative effects such as low weight at delivery and pre
14743	3	invasive species can pose a major threat to the biotic   establishment and eventual expansion of invasive species in aquatic systems are not well unders  the integration of these factors into a risk assessment protocol for use across spain.
15120	6	d structure of the communities, and the food web organization. the high environmental variabili  high environmental variability, such as water level, nutrient or salinity fluctuations, and the  t also indirectly due to changes in the food web organization. the influence of the environment  s and could imply a modification of the predation pressure on the aquatic community. the main o  to analyse the predation effects on the food web functioning in mediterranean water bodies, and  r without predator presence, as well as field studies in sites with high or low predation densi
11185	1	responsible for the measurement of the production rates of dimethylsulphoniopropionate analysi
10129	3	oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and   rm our analysis of the data we get from field measurements. in our analysis we will statistical  piration to climatic change and use our laboratory data to provide mechanistic interpretations
10417	3	oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and   rm our analysis of the data we get from field measurements. in our analysis we will statistical  piration to climatic change and use our laboratory data to provide mechanistic interpretations
11411	3	oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and   rm our analysis of the data we get from field measurements. in our analysis we will statistical  piration to climatic change and use our laboratory data to provide mechanistic interpretations
9891	3	oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and   rm our analysis of the data we get from field measurements. in our analysis we will statistical  piration to climatic change and use our laboratory data to provide mechanistic interpretations
13943	3	al level and the day-to-day practice in local authorities and regional governing bodies. immatu  ctice in local authorities and regional governing bodies. immature intitutional links beween di  nvestigare actors in regional and local governing bodies and their experience of implementing b
14420	6	ificant biological resource and play an important role as a functional component of the river c  lations, environmental dynamics and the human activities on the structure of the aquatic commun  d to define the interrelations with the environmental factors as well. recent information about  nt of the multidisciplinary approach in decision making with a view to support the biodiversity  er intensive anthropogenic pressure and global climate changes.   nsive anthropogenic pressure and global climate changes.
14533	1	in this project, we propose the genetic analysis of two ancient neolithic populations f
12681	4	process for collating and reporting on climate change induced trends in the abundance and dist  and in the extent and condition of semi-natural habitats. the project will report focus on spec  species and habitats most vulnerable to climate change. it will identify, develop and update in  ntify, develop and update indicators of climate change induced trends which will be available o
14703	3	ariations can be accentuated because of climate change effects. discharge changes drive biogeoc  iological processes taking place in the river system, changing their intensity and relevance. i  and inorganic material which enters the river system in the different hydrologic conditions of
2550	6	unique ability to use methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as a sole carbon and energy source. met  nt greenhouse gas, as a sole carbon and energy source. methylacidiphilum kamchatkense, strain k  1, which my lab isolated from an acidic hot spring in kamchatka, russia, will be used as a mode   and proteomics analyses, the effect of environmental factors, such as substrate limitation and  rait and key process in curbing natural greenhouse gas emissions.   y process in curbing natural greenhouse gas emissions.
14702	4	luvial systems and they form the global food web in streams. the trophic structure of fauna, fr  roinvertebrates, has a relevant role in organic matter processing and in biofilm structure. ben  ability and their efficiency depends on organic matter inputs and autochthonous primary product  tted to important fluctuations. dry and flood periods besides changes on light intensity and te
14558	1	tic helminthofauna, potential diet, and health condition of the studied populations. furthermor
14421	10	lora and contribute to minimising their negative effects on the native species and ecosystems.   ms. the following methods will be used: field observation, karyological, molecular, embryologic   of ias, past and current distribution, plant communities susceptible for particular ias, chrom  unities susceptible for particular ias, chromosome numbers, genome size, population genetic str  lowing results will be achieved: 1. gis-distribution maps of the invasive aliens species. 2. be   introduction and spread of the studied invasive species and their impact on the local biodiver   relevant to ias tested 7. draft for an early warning system recommended. 8. a book on the inva  ant to ias tested 7. draft for an early warning system recommended. 8. a book on the invasive a   a book on the invasive and potentially invasive species in the bulgarian flora. 9. a web-site   b-site for the invasive and potentially invasive species in the bulgarian flora. project result
14965	3	we must also consider the existence of gene flow, that could affect the female and/or male lin  ty of recovering and analyzing dna from skeletal remains will contribute unvaluable data to val  lity, will allows to asses the possible gene flow between muslim and peninsular population that
15280	4	ir functions, roles and distribution in inland waters well established. however, knowledge of t  gy and population ecology to understand population dynamics and distributions in natural enviro  e natural frameworks to follow archaeal population dynamics using several molecular and geochem  nctional information from environmental genomic data and linking these data to process rates dr
14575	1	rasitoids and, accordingly, an eventual harmful effect in tangerine production.
13732	2	shorten production cycles and increase food production. however, there is growing concern over  growing concern over the impact escaped growth hormone transgenic fish may have on the natural
15026	2	s. this assay will let to establish the life history and the optima conditions molecular experi   into the international barcode of live data system. the results obtained while the performance
14494	10	l to forget that it seems to approach a climate change that could involve an increase of the su  iculture ones where they are very often dominant species. must point out the interest of the so   fauna study in agrarian systems by its important role in soil fertility, development of organi   role in soil fertility, development of organic fertilizers, improvement of physical and chemic  g a clear option of future. taking as a starting point that earthworms activity modifies physic  ctivity modifies physical, chemical and biological properties of soils, and their activity patt   we try to study the infiltration rate, water retention and loss of soil. on the biological pro  ater retention and loss of soil. on the biological properties the interest will be in the study  nce in h. elisae will be studied as the reproductive cycle of a. caliginosa and a. rosea at el   y to investigate the transformations of organic matter during gut transit and their influences
15564	10	biomarks integrates 8 eu research institutes and 30 eu experts in eukaryotic mic  yotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biol  arine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biology, bioinformatics, as well as marine ec  nd for evaluation of its ecological and economic cost. the biomarks database will become the la  omarks database will become the largest world community resource on marine unicellular eukaryot  fusion of its data and new methods to a wide range of stakeholders and for scientific and publi   of stakeholders and for scientific and public education. several international research progra  public education. several international research programs on marine biodiversity, major genetic  ty, major genetic databases and protist culture collections, governmental and private agencies   iodiversity of marine eukaryotes, and a public exhibition the coevolution of marine protists an
11506	1	nergy makes up 77% of the world primary renewable energy mix - or 10% of the total world energy
11601	6	owledge on how global change, including climate change and human modifications of the earth s s  ridded biomass information suitable for carbon cycle and earth system models does not exist, no  urate and frequently updated mapping of forest area, structure and change needed for biodiversi   and change needed for biodiversity and forest management investigations. this need is urgent a  antify the terrestrial component of the carbon cycle and its links to the water cycle, will pro  f the carbon cycle and its links to the water cycle, will provide information of major importan
11467	4	t time test the feasibility of applying cutting edge micro-helicopter surveillance technology t   research. the surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets in the polar regions support diverse yet poo  ns from individual holes to the glacier/ice sheet scale. highspy, our knowledge transfer partne  rial survey system that will enable the high resolution image capture necessary to achieve this
6917	1	ased on the collection of the hungarian natural history museum budapest and several other large
14901	2	the mollusc shell is a biocomposite of calcium carbonate crystals embedded in an organic matri  stribution of crystallites and of their crystallographic axes, from the very first secretions,
14924	7	although calcium carbonate polymorphism has been extensively stu  rite, the less common and more unstable calcium carbonate polymorph. and the same holds true fo   vaterite. in previous experiments, our research group has demonstrated the biomineralization a  n bacterial metabolisms and the physico-chemical changes in the culture medium that ends up in   and the physico-chemical changes in the culture medium that ends up in vaterite precipitation v  n versus the precipitation of any other calcium carbonate polymorph. moreover, we intend to stu  ed to recognize bacterial activity in a wide range of environments, going from pathological con
10797	3	common in the past in britain. poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors  nges in the environment. there are also interesting questions about the evolution of tb in the   europe. our project partners in arizona state university are doing similar work with bones from
11565	3	common in the past in britain. poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors  nges in the environment. there are also interesting questions about the evolution of tb in the   europe. our project partners in arizona state university are doing similar work with bones from
15087	8	a quantitative risk assessment based only on exposure and toxicity is   all exposure routes are integrated when field studies and biomarkers are employed in higher-tie  ditions are not well known for a lot of animal species. moreover, in the majority of wild bird   cies. moreover, in the majority of wild bird species, firstly raptor, are scarcely or null. thi  this knowledge could allow us to detect early warning for to point towards the cause of a speci  behavioural parameters, clinical signs, population dynamics, etc. long-term studies could not o  pulation management, protected areas or endangered species must be taken. in the third place, t  im of this study is to develop in vitro experimental models using the e-screen assay in order t
7613	4	human activities are generating strong organic pollutio   generating strong organic pollution to environmental impacts. a significant fraction of these   ater and sediment particles or the soil organic matter, and liquid / liquid interfaces formed b  measurements. on the other hand, if the chemical analysis to determine the concentration and co
12048	1	the relationships of the endemism with environmental factors in different groups of organisms
14954	1	the final goal of this project of basic research is to know the mechanisms by which micro
13313	3	biodiversity indicators and monitoring frameworks are c  he recently endorsed set of eu headline biodiversity indicators. a requirement by the eu is to   ity policies as well as the eu headline biodiversity indicators. this tool will be applied for
14331	2	owadays, is today established that tropical forests are disappearing or being degraded at   eforestation. yet, more than just logs, forest ecosystems produce many other services of prime
15126	1	routinely used as bioindicators, their gut flora may be more susceptible to minor changes in p
10618	2	gigantopterid seed plants share important features of leaf morphology   climatic significance. this innovative pilot study will assess if angiosperm-based methodologi
13314	8	t the further development of a european biodiversity research strategy. such research strategy   o develop and continually revise the eu biodiversity research strategy - including the results   ing the results of existing and ongoing biodiversity research projects in the development of th  ts of existing and ongoing biodiversity research projects in the development of the eu biodiver  h projects in the development of the eu biodiversity research strategy. - linking the eu biodiv  ity research strategy. - linking the eu biodiversity research strategy to the national, europea  ncorporating geoss objectives in the eu biodiversity research strategy - linking eu biodiversit  iversity research strategy - linking eu biodiversity research strategy with international initi
1083	7	on earth can be reconstructed using the fossil record and, therefore, paleontology has a key-ro   processes operating at short- and long-time scales. a high-priority issue in earth science is   g-time scales. a high-priority issue in earth science is understanding of relationships between  and global change. present knowledge of evolutionary processes suggests that biodiversity is pr  xonomic diversity in multimillion years time-slices compared with large scale events such as cl   large scale events such as climate and sea level changes. however, this approach gives results  ces offer an excellent archive to study evolutionary processes and their timing as well as the
11242	10	global change we need to understand the evolutionary processes that generate it. yet, species d  hink not - they are in competition with one another and for one species to succeed then it must  petition: where two species, the medium ground finch and the small ground finch, occur together  , the medium ground finch and the small ground finch, occur together on the same island they ca  communities are important as drivers of evolutionary change and in determining which species li  hanges in diversity through time in the fossil record be attributed to competition my solution   nderstanding these problems is to build computer models that mimic competitive interactions and  nteractions and generate predictions of evolutionary change among competing species. this is an  ictions of how species change over long time-scales and how these changes alter biodiversity. m  of the same parent species diverge from one another, as is the case for anoles. to prise apart
10977	11	climate change over the last million years has seen rap  ars has seen rapid fluctuations between ice ages and warmer interglacials . at the height of an  mer interglacials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower t  cials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower than it is to  e possible ramifications of the current global warming trend. the impact of such changes was fe  s. many island features are linked with sea level - they become larger and closer to the mainla   , and we will use this as a marker for evolutionary change. until now, no one has considered t  tion of dwarf mammals in the context of climate change, because there are few reliable dates to  o calculate the percentage reduction in body size and weight, and more detailed features of the  n on many islands what was the speed of evolutionary change did the dwarf species endure for a    become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change did the same thing happen repeatedly in
11166	11	climate change over the last million years has seen rap  ars has seen rapid fluctuations between ice ages and warmer interglacials . at the height of an  mer interglacials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower t  cials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower than it is to  e possible ramifications of the current global warming trend. the impact of such changes was fe  s. many island features are linked with sea level - they become larger and closer to the mainla   , and we will use this as a marker for evolutionary change. until now, no one has considered t  tion of dwarf mammals in the context of climate change, because there are few reliable dates to  o calculate the percentage reduction in body size and weight, and more detailed features of the  n on many islands what was the speed of evolutionary change did the dwarf species endure for a    become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change did the same thing happen repeatedly in
9890	11	climate change over the last million years has seen rap  ars has seen rapid fluctuations between ice ages and warmer interglacials . at the height of an  mer interglacials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower t  cials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower than it is to  e possible ramifications of the current global warming trend. the impact of such changes was fe  s. many island features are linked with sea level - they become larger and closer to the mainla   , and we will use this as a marker for evolutionary change. until now, no one has considered t  tion of dwarf mammals in the context of climate change, because there are few reliable dates to  o calculate the percentage reduction in body size and weight, and more detailed features of the  n on many islands what was the speed of evolutionary change did the dwarf species endure for a    become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change did the same thing happen repeatedly in
2196	1	hould address how the properties of the mussel bed, e.g. patch size, mussel density and meta po
12017	7	eans, exporting massive amounts of c to deep waters and sediments via shell sinking and ballast  guably the most continuous and complete fossil record covering the last 220 myr, a unique tool    saturation horizons, which may provoke mass extinction of pelagic calcifiers within decades. c   basic knowledge of their biodiversity, life cycle, and the function and molecular complexity o  etation of their ecology, biogeography, fossil record, and prediction of their acclimation and   ization in coccolithophores. the use of cutting edge, combined morpho-molecular techniques will  nts and analyses of key events in their fossil record.
10571	5	mass extinctions in the geological record have shaped t  ld not exist. understanding what causes mass extinctions is therefore one of the most fascinati  ain a unique perspective on current-day climate change and the issues affecting life on earth.   ately this project aims to identify two mass extinction events in the boreal realm, and to asce  te, school outreach activities, and the mass media.
14594	1	e presence of dissolved microcystins in running waters was recorded, with maximum levels near 4
12442	1	bottom fisheries. studies on vulnerable marine ecosystems are an important aspect of rfmo compl
11456	3	the responses by amazon rain forest to el niño events can switch the region fro   but measurements of carbon exchange by rain forest during an el niño do not yet exist. clear p  e mechanistic basis of the responses by rain forest to el niño.
10859	3	from land to freshwaters. their role in active transport of energy resources will be investigat  ters. their role in active transport of energy resources will be investigated in a small river   reshwater taxon will be determined. gut content analysis will enable us to determine the extent
11035	3	tential response to new environments. a first step is to assess these processes within species.  rocesses determine adaptive divergence: gene flow whether there are fundamental differences bet  ifferences between protist and metazoan evolutionary processes.
6971	3	lts in developing hungarian products. a new form of utilisation has now been conceived for the   ese genes to be incorporated into local breeding stock at a high technological standard, withou  gering the environment. in this way new inbred lines could be developed in far less time than u
6919	2	vs to fusarium head blight mean serious food safety risk. therefore the breeding of more resist   fusarium head blight mean serious food safety risk. therefore the breeding of more resistant c
6829	1	on 3. writing up and publication of the research data 4. study of variety-environment interacti
6728	5	y periods enhance the damages caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi and f. solani in the cul  isi and f. solani in the cultivation of green peas. the pea varieties cultivated in hungary hav   in drought the water use efficiency of green peas is more emphasised and it affects the nutrit  gan the breeding program to improve new green pea varieties utilised for fresh markets. it has   ipening f4 progenies with resistance to plant diseases. our research purpose to produce early r
6927	3	arley having more complex resistance to leaf spot- and virus diseases, to extreme winter climat  ogram, resistance to the most important leaf spot diseases and spatial diversification of leaf   diseases and spatial diversification of leaf spot disease dominancy will be evaluated. the majo
12032	5	diversity of plants in the tropics the ecological niche theory predicts that in a local commun  is second theory, limited dispersal and population fluctuations are sufficient to explain the c  e project the data needed to test these alternative hypotheses on the mechanisms of species coe  d to invest on an exceptional effort of data collection in several study sites in the rainfores  f this study was also to bring together research efforts on plant biodiversity in french guiana
14899	1	several selective pressures can account for patterns of sexual
11738	3	m in the study of speciation: field and laboratory experiments take place over the limited span  ation: field and laboratory experiments take place over the limited spans of human timescales,   test the hypothesis that speciation and evolutionary change were driven by shifts in feeding an
13572	2	doc in surface waters, is a large-scale environmental problem, probably caused by climate chang  vironmental problem, probably caused by climate change. we will analyze the magnitude, time cou
14117	5	of semi-natural communities by humans. climate warming also causes changes in distribution are   part of bryoflora consists of rare and endangered species. their reaction to climate change an  d endangered species. their reaction to climate change and management may be much different fro  s flagship species to certain groups of endangered species. if the reason for their vulnerabili  ra and high percent of natural and semi-natural habitats enables to use bryoflora of estonia as
6909	3	dead logs were surveyed in near-natural beech woods between 2000 and 2002. during this project   nd publish the results in international scientific journals. the main questions and tasks of th  od systems. in 2004 we plan preliminary field trips and the selection of sites for investigatio
14731	1	nd of novelties , as well as scientific staff training continue to be a project goals. on the o
15430	15	global climate change is a fact acknowledged by the sci                                   global climate change is a fact acknowledged by the scientific  te change is a fact acknowledged by the scientific community. the speed of this change imposes   peed of this change imposes an enormous selective pressure for all species. mountain systems ar  ain systems are especially sensitive to climate change since climatic conditions drastically ch   can be very useful as bioindicators of climate change: because of their poikilohiydric conditi   substrate make them more vulnerable to climate change, in addition, they have rapid responses   nd they are fast-growing organisms. for genetic studies, bryophytes have two important advantag   included in this proposal, can perform homologous recombination of dna using an artificial vec  ing the responses of these organisms to climate change is of vital importance. nevertheless, th   frequently due to lack of data such as distribution maps. bearing in mind the threat of global  ion maps. bearing in mind the threat of global climate change to the biodiversity of the planet  s. bearing in mind the threat of global climate change to the biodiversity of the planet, we pr  t will benefit from the availability of genomic data of the species ceratodon purpureus, a mode  us, a model system in genetics. several genetic markers will be used: dna sequences, aflp, srap
12417	3	tion of fulmar corpses washed up on the tide line of the orkneys, shetland and eastern england   igating the presence of plastics in the marine environment. the contractor will produce an annu  ronment. the contractor will produce an annual report on the data collected and make recommenda
11064	13	el has been successfully applied by the research team to a wide range of european intertidal an  fully applied by the research team to a wide range of european intertidal and coastal sites, an  how environmental change influences the wading bird and wildfowl populations that feed in these  shellfish industry, while ensuring that bird populations that also consume shellfish are not ad  he most effective way of mitigating the negative effects of this habitat loss through habitat c  schemes. the model has been used in the marine environment to predict the relative impact of of  of offshore windfarms on populations of diving ducks, and identify the developments that have t  used by specialist modellers within the scientific community. this is unsatisfactory, as this t   to ensure the survival of co-dependent bird populations, and could do this in-house with a sui   ecological impacts of alternative port construction sites, or by conservation agencies to asse  ide such a user-friendly and accessible software tool. the new model will reduce the complexiti  stal birds, collaboratively between the research team and project partners from a range of cons  nge on coastal birds, and with whom the research team have worked successfully in the past. the
10675	1	ns in archaeological contexts relies on indirect evidence. studies of modern and fossil resins
15221	4	ct pollinators that play a particularly important role in cold areas and mountains. bees and bu  known, even though these insects play a key role in plant reproduction and therefore in the fuc  ticularly due to two of its components: climate change and shifts in the uses of the land, whic  pecialization are more sensitive to the negative effects of global change. this proposal is bas
10643	7	modern marine ecosystems were established during the early pal  ovelty. unfortunately, the conventional fossil record represents only a fraction of ancient div  adiations. by integrating this enhanced fossil record with the principles of biological oceanog  ed fossil record with the principles of biological oceanography and macroecology, this study wi  unique, evolutionary view of how modern marine ecosystems function. this study will focus on th  aterials are housed in state-of-the-art storage facilities in calgary, alberta and regina, sask  ta and regina, saskatchewan and offer a unique opportunity to sample systematically through the
6916	2	ly excavated in the bükkábrány open-pit coal mine in hungary. fifteen baldcypress trees up to 3   museums for conservation. the proposed scientific study involves taxonomic determination of tr
14294	2	n marine resources urges the need for a decision making framework to objectively allocate the d  different user functions at the belgian continental shelf
12419	1	ures facing the coast from development, climate change, and competition for space between marit
12059	2	there is little dispute that global climates are changing, and that this change alre  e conservation and the efficient use of natural resources, helping to reconcile human needs, ec
14764	4	an shrublands and forests. - effects of climate change in plant ecophysiology and the structure  e mediterranean vegetation - studies of molecular biology applied to the study of ecosystems st  e on the ecosystems - biogenic volatile organic compounds - chemical ecology of plant-plant and  pic signals and environmental changes. -remote sensing and optical diagnosis of plants and ecos
15290	4	e is generally reduced hedgerows play a key role to the functioning of the agroecosystems as it  asslands growing unconnectedly from the arable lands. on the other hand, there is a scale facto  s in hedgerows can be determined by the organic matter quality associated to the vegetation typ   be monitored for two years in the soil plant systems of crop edges and hedgerows. finally, we
9865	4	,000 years ago, and of industrial scale food production, starting about 100 years ago. milk and  ple and areas where it was developed in prehistoric times , as this also can tell us about the   so can tell us about the influences for human population growth. an exciting prospect is that i   tell us about the influences for human population growth. an exciting prospect is that it migh
11116	2	climate change is a cause for concern in the 21st centu  t climate in periods where there are no written records, and provide a long-term history of env
1093	7	the hypothesis of the molecular clock in evolutionary biology, asserts that i  he hypothesis of the molecular clock in evolutionary biology, asserts that informational macrom  d considerable variation in the rate of molecular evolution among lineages. many factors have b  ate variation, such as population size, metabolic rate, generation time, and dna repair efficie  uch as population size, metabolic rate, generation time, and dna repair efficiency heterogeneit  use cave organisms as a tool to address molecular clock issues because they may form simplified  ill allow to compare rates and modes of molecular evolution of the same gene in different organ
11244	2	as more people today become concerned about global warming and   ore people today become concerned about global warming and the effect that humans are having on
11321	2	as more people today become concerned about global warming and   ore people today become concerned about global warming and the effect that humans are having on
10569	2	oid others are fundamental questions in evolutionary biology. however, they commonly make mate-  ation is that animals are responding to sensory information to which humans are not receptive,
1970	3	isms can bias the paths followed during evolutionary change in morphology. the different eyespo  l developmental homologues. patterns of gene expression . the pattern of change in response to   we will not only examine potentials for evolutionary change in different directions, but also t
7025	6	river ecosystems play a key role in the transport and transformation of carbon   terial is being transported downstream, organic matter is produced and degraded. this matter ca   this matter carries the fingerprint of human activities along its entire course. microbial com  . the processes related to nitrogen and organic matter cycling are basically controlled by the   d the n 2 /n 2 0 ratio. h2: the mode of organic carbon supply to retention areas controls denit  nt cycling processes to restoration and rehabilitation measures because they have shaped the cu
1963	3	lying this hypothesis: the existence of genetic variation with a simple mode of inheritance for  erbivorous mites in a given genotype of tomato plants. this is done by artificial selection of   otype of tomato plants. this is done by artificial selection of isofemale lines of herbivorous
13710	2	ct builds on a comparison with a unique reference material collected 10-30 years ago, encompass  s; critical parameters examined include food supply for breeders, egg size, start of breeding,
11102	2	n, the ability of species to respond to climate change and the spread of non-native species. ho  l mammals show metapopulation dynamics, plant ecologists are divided about the utility of the c
10632	5	adaptive radiation is an important evolutionary process       adaptive radiation is an important evolutionary process that may be responsible for most o  differentiation during the course of an adaptive radiation. freshwater populations of three-spi  ickleback are an outstanding example of adaptive radiation. these marine fish invaded freshwate   fish invaded freshwater after the last ice age. freshwater populations differ in their ages .
11670	4	. we aim to reduce these uncertainties. radiocarbon dating most lake sediments is problematic d  hod which gets round this problem is to radiocarbon date chironomid the likely value of chirono  hironomid dating against other forms of radiocarbon dating for lake sediments. it is hypothesis  pproach to deriving chronologies from a wide range of sedimentary archives, many of which are a
13777	6	the impacts of climate change on species and ecosystems are already ev  icant irrespective of which of the ipcc climate change scenarios that comes true. thus, strateg  te are needed, but methods are lacking. ecological restoration can be a primary strategy to inc   resilience of ecosystems threatened by climate change. this project tests whether ecological r  mate change. this project tests whether ecological restoration of riparian zones along streams   ive way to increase their resilience to climate change effects. as more of precipitation falls
10045	22	we regularly hear about tropical forests in the media. documentary programmes r  : how economic pressures and population expansion drives their clearance by small-scale farmers   agribusinesses convert vast areas into oil palm plantations or soy bean production, and how pr  ssures to extract minerals and oil from tropical forest regions is increasing as the price of t  y, it also adds to the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and hence increases   osphere and hence increases the rate of climate change: deforestation of tropical forests contr  ate of climate change: deforestation of tropical forests contributes 25% of all carbon dioxide   tropical forests contributes 25% of all carbon dioxide emissions by humans. many attempts have    many attempts have been made to derive economic benefits from tropical forests. however, recen  n made to derive economic benefits from tropical forests. however, recently a new system has em  ke biodiversity and carbon storage that tropical forests provide, it is possible to obtain mone  ty that is widespread and acute in many tropical forest regions and is an important cause of de  able to sell the resulting reduction in carbon dioxide emissions on international carbon market  international carbon markets or through bilateral agreements. this idea is being promoted as a   ent to succeed the kyoto protocol - the international treaty designed to reduce greenhouse gas   international treaty designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - as well as in voluntary mark  al treaty designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - as well as in voluntary markets. govern  ly help to preserve other attributes of tropical forests, such as biodiversity. it is this broa  , the possibility to reduce the rate of tropical deforestation, conserve carbon stocks and biod  te is the subject of a vigorous debate. important issues surround how to measure and monitor th  d place for this kind of project as the rain forests are some of the most diverse in the world    face increasing pressure from logging, oil exploration and from rising levels of access due to
15422	5	the proliferation of invasive species is, together with habitat destruction,   the main cause of biodiversity loss in marine ecosystems. alien species are considered invasiv   small peracaridean crustaceans with an important role in marine ecosystems . furthermore, we w  n crustaceans with an important role in marine ecosystems . furthermore, we will work with the   ms . furthermore, we will work with the life stories of the species under laboratory condiction
11162	4	commitment to the management of coastal ecosystems through addressing both ecological a  of documents, draft text and ideas, and team members will be encouraged to enable inter-discipl   inter-disciplinary sharing so that the research project is fully integrated rather than a set   e draft documents together into a clear research proposal, meet with potential research users t
7251	5	simulate the flow and carbon stocks in forest ecosystems at different scales. indeed, forests    an essential component of the earth 's carbon cycle by their surfaces and their life time whic  do not take into account the effects of forest management, although they are important to our l  n of a forestry management module to an age class; * use of the module for simulations by age c   * use of the module for simulations by age classes; * validation of the model at different sca
10086	2	rates and nature of degradation of this organic material by microbial metabolic activity, and c  zymes activity and changes in molecular microbial diversity. tidal mesocosm, sediment slurry an
13605	7	using natural and engineered cellulosic raw materials from forest trees, crops or bacterial cul  w materials from forest trees, crops or bacterial cultures for the design of new nanocomposites  ibrillated cellulose from wood or plant cell walls represent key nano-scale components for rein  tapping into the detailed mechanisms of cell wall biosynthesis, nanostructure and mechanical fu  t they are sustainable throughout their entire life cycle, from bioproduction in nature, biopro  are sustainable throughout their entire life cycle, from bioproduction in nature, bioprocessing  gradation for disposal. the transfer of new technologies and knowledge from carbomat to industr
14612	5	e response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and to understand their role in the glob   to understand their role in the global carbon cycle. two major aspects of climate change are t  obal carbon cycle. two major aspects of climate change are the increase in mean global temperat  . one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change is the mediterranean basin. several mode  ables that control them under different climate change scenarios. at the same time, we will exp
10939	1	nterval and assess different models for mass extinction at this time.
11297	2	a significant fraction of the organic material produced or imported to our coastal se  eochemical and biological conditions of marine ecosystems and can be readily measured. ultimate
201	9	combustion of fossil fuels is caused elevation of co2 concentration i  ation in the atmosphere, which leads to global climate warming. it is very important, globally   n the atmosphere, which leads to global climate warming. it is very important, globally and reg  n the concentration atmospheric co2 and climate changes, more attention should be paid both to   roposed project are: to model growth of silver birch stands growing at fertile sites. earlier i  arlier investigations showed that young silver birch stands may have higher productivity than i  ose is to find out the bulk maturity of silver birch stands growing at fertile site proceeding    new data about the growth and yield of silver birch stands are of essential practical importan   and planning of forests are based on a computer system, by using different growth models, the
7663	3	d quantitative evolution of turnover of organic matter with depth - step 3 2010-2011 samples an  orial a publication on the influence of land use on the turnover of organic matter   nfluence of land use on the turnover of organic matter
10243	2	iodiversity field site from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organ  xide, through the soil fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the intro
11005	2	iodiversity field site from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organ  xide, through the soil fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the intro
11216	2	iodiversity field site from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organ  xide, through the soil fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the intro
14118	13	changes in climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and disturbance regimes ha  een occurring for decades in the global boreal forest. disturbances are an important factor inf  in it. it is expected, that with future climate change the frequencies, intensities and severit  e most important natural disturbance in boreal forest. forest fires and the recovery from there  t natural disturbance in boreal forest. forest fires and the recovery from there are important   of soil carbon and nitrogen pools after forest fires. the topic is very timely since deeper und   gaps of understanding on the ecosystem carbon cycle in the changing climate. soil is the large  g climate. soil is the largest stock of organic carbon, but the related processes changing soil  but the related processes changing soil organic matter quality and its pool distribution are st  to below-ground processes such as: soil organic matter decomposition, turnover of carbon compou  ganic matter decomposition, turnover of carbon compounds of different chemical fractions, soil   tion results will be compared to actual field measurements. with help of field measurements dat  actual field measurements. with help of field measurements data the model will be improved.
2124	7	herbivory and seed predation affect the population dynamics of plant species, their distributio  small and large spatial scales, and the plant community species composition and diversity. posi  y little attention with regard to plant population dynamics and absolutely no empirical attenti  y no empirical attention with regard to plant community composition and diversity. this lack of  conceivably play a fundamental role for plant community composition and diversity through their  ant species, and their frequency within plant communities, varies spatially with the functional   communities, varies spatially with the functional composition of the pollinator assemblage. a
10891	4	f species extinction has led to a large research effort in recent years to determine how ecosys  or species number propagate through the food chain to affect herbivore, plant and soil microbe   distribution of herbivores on different host plants, affects the propagation of effects through   the propagation of effects through the food web. the experiment will reveal novel information
12710	6	aims of this project are: •to produce a case study that demonstrates the application of theoret  e application of theoretical models and climate change adaptation principles in the landscape a  al experience. •to provide guidance for policy makers, planners and land managers to help them   at will enable biodiversity to adapt to climate change. •to provide a short best practice guida  nce and short policy guidance note. the case study will form the final report, but key elements  e study will form the final report, but key elements must be drawn out to produce a short docum
12723	6	aims of this project are: •to produce a case study that demonstrates the application of theoret  e application of theoretical models and climate change adaptation principles in the landscape a  al experience. •to provide guidance for policy makers, planners and land managers to help them   at will enable biodiversity to adapt to climate change. •to provide a short best practice guida  nce and short policy guidance note. the case study will form the final report, but key elements  e study will form the final report, but key elements must be drawn out to produce a short docum
12481	3	natural resource protection is one of five strategic pr  ished in december 2004. the sustainable development strategy published in march 2005 also ident  published in march 2005 also identified natural resource protection and environmental enhanceme
12480	15	ecosystems are natural resources that provide people with many essenti  resources that provide people with many essential goods and services, including for example, ai  ices, including for example, air, food, drinking water, landscape, recreation space. the concep   ecosystem assessment, supported by the global environment facility and the united nations envi  m services provided within a particular case study area undergoing extensive urban regeneration  st they can be evaluated within current land use planning and decision-making frameworks. the c  ing and decision-making frameworks. the case study area selected is kent thameside, a key devel   area selected is kent thameside, a key development area of the thames gateway growth area with   development area of the thames gateway growth area within the governments sustainable communit  ater resource availability, flood risk, air quality, transport and biodiversity. however, there  field and use of a specialist modelling software tool called stella, which provides a means of   parameters, supported also with spatial data analysis provided by gis. the case study, therefor  tial data analysis provided by gis. the case study, therefore, will enable the exploration of d  ssex and medway, but also for other key growth areas under the governments sustainable communit  ept of ecosystem services into existing land use planning frameworks, for example through local
11744	1	amount of novel data and a powerful new research tool.
2154	5	ed on the dramatic decline in the sugar kelp forest along the coast of southern norway. the sug  oast. surveys have found that the sugar kelp forests have disappeared from large areas of the s   re-growth and restoration of the sugar kelp forests in order to support coastal zone managemen  ical actions to help restoration of the kelp forest. the objectives will be achieved by experim  est. the objectives will be achieved by experimental studies of recruitment, growth and competi
14928	7	human activity is causing the displacement of many spec  them become invasive in the new region. invasive species may monopolize local resources and out  plain the high propagation potential of invasive species, while less attention has been paid to   ability of successful establishment of exotic species in new regions. regarding the vulnerabil  ity. 3 successful invaders show shorter life cycles than native plants, and therefore a higher   s will be tested on a list of 100 alien invasive species of the iberian peninsula, while the re  of potential invasive plants, to assess environmental impacts of plant invasions, and will prov
2538	6	of selection in natural populations of house sparrows by analysing stochastic processes acting  ing at both ecological and evolutionary time scales using a novel theoretical framework. such a  strength of fluctuating selection in 18 island populations of house sparrows. two alternative h  g selection in 18 island populations of house sparrows. two alternative hypothesis are likley f  land populations of house sparrows. two alternative hypothesis are likley for such a relationsh  ctuating environments to ecological and evolutionary processes has been to account for fluctuat
10687	16	to periods when there was little or no polar ice on the planet. extreme as these different con  thering of continental rocks, burial of organic carbon, and changes in the flora of the oceans   ns or hundreds of years, and that these high temperatures lasted for thousands or hundreds of t  rms, these episodes lasted a relatively short time, and they were entirely unlike the more grad  many of these sudden episodes of severe global warming coincided with so-called mass extinction  global warming coincided with so-called mass extinctions when very large numbers of plant and a  ns when very large numbers of plant and animal species suddenly died out. equally, there have b  r study is a critical episode of sudden global cooling that occurred some 14 million years ago   sulted in major growth of the antarctic ice sheet. this episode is one of the 4 major steps in   ice sheet. this episode is one of the 4 major steps in the gradual cooling of earth s surface t   second, we want to use this example of global cooling to examine how other aspects of the eart  tions. we can thus use the chemistry of marine sediments as proxies for seawater temperature, c  st in california contains an excellent, high resolution record of changes in seawater chemistry   we have already completed a successful pilot study that has established an outline geochemistr  uccession through the use of a built-in astronomical clock , so we can readily locate our posit   of how to deal with current and future environmental issues.
10356	3	predicting the evolutionary dynamics of genetic load, which affects fitness, behaviour and demo  nbreeding depression for purging of the genetic load, and possible evolutionary changes in sex   rging of the genetic load, and possible evolutionary changes in sex ratio, will be explored bot
14792	12	seed size is a key life history trait in plants. until recently, this trai  ly constant within species, as the main selective pressure influencing seed size should be the   ure influencing seed size should be the competitive advantage of seedlings coming from large se  e seeds, constrained by the size-number trade-off of seed crops. nevertheless, species like the  d crops. nevertheless, species like the holm oak quercus ilex show a huge variability in seed s  on cycle that would produce conflicting selective pressures on seed size, seed crop size, or bo  heses are that a the integration of the selective pressures on seed size occurring along the wh  g along the whole regeneration cycle of holm oaks will produce different optimal seed sizes tha  eed size obtained after integrating all selective pressures will vary in space and in time. und   on climatic factors and/or patterns of land use of holm oak woodlands, results obtained would    factors and/or patterns of land use of holm oak woodlands, results obtained would allow to ana  e, either climatic or due to changes in land use.
2085	6	fecundity are central processes in the population dynamics of ungulates in northern environmen  in particular the individuals' previous life histories and their present age. the interface bet  antities of relevant information on the subject matter. longitudinal data from selected herds f  al variability and variation individual life history influence the growth rate and production o  n individual life history influence the growth rate and production of herds, and thus the optim   optimal harv esting strategies for the reindeer herders
10731	15	for many animal species, bigger is better. larger body size redu  nimal species, bigger is better. larger body size reduces the risk of being consumed by predato  te these apparent benefits of increased body size, mounting evidence suggests that most organis  derlying mechanism responsible for this trade-off between compensatory growth and impaired swim  tood. there is also nothing known about individual variation in the compensatory growth respons  ood availability due to factors such as climate change. the proposed research will examine musc  into the mechanisms responsible for the trade-off between growth rate and swim performance. add  s responsible for the trade-off between growth rate and swim performance. additional laboratory  h rate and swim performance. additional laboratory studies will be performed to examine the inf  e the influence of predator presence on individual variation in the growth response, and also t  s of compensatory growth for individual risk-taking behaviour and reproductive success. finally  ical studies utilizing individual-based mathematical models will compliment these laboratory ex  thematical models will compliment these laboratory experiments by incorporating empirically-der  tigate the implications of variation in growth rate for individual fitness. overall, this inter  fish, and also the consequences of this trade-off for behavioural and evolutionary ecology.
14819	6	soil degradation due to human activity affects the quality of the terrestrial e  he possible relations among the loss of organic material, the pollution caused by heavy metals   avy metals and pesticides, and the soil biological activity. the kind of soil can be the primar  s needed an appropriate handling of the organic material, to introduce energy that could mainta   diversity loss. on the other hand, the heavy metal accumulation or the pest-control substance   ent sorts of degradation. the effect of organic material loss in soilsystems degraded either by
10236	3	nd climate of sundaland during the last ice age, with no information available at all for malay  rove our understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital in  r understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital informati
9812	3	nd climate of sundaland during the last ice age, with no information available at all for malay  rove our understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital in  r understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital informati
7671	2	l new suitable habitat may develop with climate change. the models output will play a central r  e change. the models output will play a central role in formulating recommendations for the con
12383	5	e programme throughout the year. r&d rv capital costs of £329k are paid under the non r&d budge  remain unchanged from fy 04/05 + the rv fixed costs of 48 days @ £10k per day = £480k = a total   = a total of £809k. this is the agreed budget figure for mwd. in fy05/06, from the £480k, £90k   rv ringfenced charge therefore = £329k capital charge + = £719k for fy05/06, the r&d programme  e is required to contribute £390k of rv fixed costs which at £10k per day equates to an equival
10370	3	t protists can select food based on the cell surface properties of their prey. however, the und  periments will then be conducted within coastal waters in order to assess the extent to which c   in order to assess the extent to which cell recognition by grazing protists affects the struct
13853	6	al centres on the mechanistic basis for fungal diseases of forest trees. to do this we focus on  orest trees. to do this we focus on the root rot fungus heterobasidion annosum, a major pathoge  es, and its interactions with its hosts norway spruce and scots pine. the overall aim is to und  the outcome of interactions between the root rot pathogen and conifers with the ultimate goal o  tion of interesting genes from both the host plant and the fungal pathogen. conduct bioinformat   genes from both the host plant and the fungal pathogen. conduct bioinformatics- maintenance an
13749	6	microbial communities for recalcitrant organic matter formation and nutrient turnover in soils  en proposed as a mean to sequester c in forest ecosystems. however, on a longer term increased    a c sink. we will use a combination of different approaches – from detailed mechanistic experi  etwork of sites in northern europe. our research programme is essential in order to improve c c   will be established to accomplish this interdisciplinary research program.   ed to accomplish this interdisciplinary research program.
13848	6	study. our results obtained by stomach content analysis of fish as well as by using stable iso   stable isotope analysis of the pelagic food web suggest that trophic position of herring in th  stantially after the invasion. with the central role of this species in the pelagic food web, t  ral role of this species in the pelagic food web, this implies that the invasion by cercopagis   by cercopagis has resulted in a general food web change. to provide essential information for r  e. to provide essential information for risk assessment of the invasion, further studies will e
15267	5	deep waters cover 95% of the canary islands marine ecos   waters cover 95% of the canary islands marine ecosystem. however, little is known about the bi  are considered indicator species in the marine ecosystem due to their position as top-predators  dators in the trhophic net and to their life history. the occidental canary islands are home to  iving cetacean: blainvilles and cuviers beaked whales in order to gather information to asess t
12309	3	ed threats from diseases as a result of climate change, which will bring milder, wetter winters  mphasised the importance of arable crop disease control for climate change mitigation .   ance of arable crop disease control for climate change mitigation .
10788	4	ry for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital that the biological cha  xhibit restricted species diversity and food chain complexity, with environmental warming which  ble to microbes and plants, and whether global warming will alter the nitrogen dynamics of anta  k directly underpins policy relating to climate change and biodiversity in polar regions. the w
10804	4	ry for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital that the biological cha  xhibit restricted species diversity and food chain complexity, with environmental warming which  ble to microbes and plants, and whether global warming will alter the nitrogen dynamics of anta  k directly underpins policy relating to climate change and biodiversity in polar regions. the w
12014	5	ntal modifications such as those due to climate change could then be altered. changes in the co  proach of three contrasted systems: the continental shelf of the bay of biscay, the coastal upw  stal upwelling area off morocco and the continental shelf off french guyana. results despite co  trasted mean temperature regimes, a 1°c sea surface warming was observed during the last two de  ing ecosystem effects of fishing and of climate change, the studied fisheries were able to part
1947	1	fic and oligotrofic soils is one of the key issues of the ecological main structure and their m
440	5	phic and specific scale, we developed a data base, plantraits, with which it is possible to lin  ject, we entered 19 725 censuses in the data base; those censuses concern at least one of the 6  owed us to investigate in various known trade-offs and relationships, and to identify potential  clude plantraits in a global network of data bases, including worldwide bases of climate and so  eco-informatics, which will represent a corner stone in the understanding of relationships betw
14883	1	hanges in resilience of a mediterranean freshwater marsh is tackled too.
11294	1	d experiment at the moor house national nature reserve, northern england, with various grazing
11305	1	d experiment at the moor house national nature reserve, northern england, with various grazing
14949	1	ic models for the next decades, have on plant communities and soil. the short period of time si
7150	5	millet and sorghum are the staple food and main energy food source for populations  hum are the staple food and main energy food source for populations of sahelian countries like   e results of a detailed analysis of the genetic diversity of millet grown in a limited area of   t and sorghum in relation to changes in environmental factors relating to varieties, the croppi  ties, the cropping systems, climate and soil conditions and demographic, entries conducted to d
14175	3	opalaeontology and biostratigraphy play vital roles for deciphering the stratigraphic record. k  ones formed in conditions of relatively high sea level. still, we assume that sedimentation in   formed in conditions of relatively high sea level. still, we assume that sedimentation in the b
6945	2	our research group gathered in order to study the karstolog   the natural karst environments and the human activity affected habitats. examining the abundan
10499	3	focussing on genome reorganization and gene expression, and 2 the allopolyploid origin of s. c  is, focussing on genome reorganization, gene expression and phenotypic evolution, we will compa  nges in genome structure and changes in gene expression.
10699	3	focussing on genome reorganization and gene expression, and 2 the allopolyploid origin of s. c  is, focussing on genome reorganization, gene expression and phenotypic evolution, we will compa  nges in genome structure and changes in gene expression.
7156	3	explain their differential response to environmental factors. to relate the presence of a spec  climates of regions on the evolution of plant communities and provide in significant data colle   communities and provide in significant data collection. this database is intended to enrich th
11062	5	the availability and high nutritional value of marine resources means that they s  at . evidence from isotopic analyses of human remains suggests that coastal and island mesolith  cal timescales. we have also shown that amino acids surviving in pottery can offer further insi  s into the commodities processed in the pottery vessels. this project will further investigate   to track prehistoric patterns of marine food consumption, beginning with the early neolithic. p
10349	3	the dynamics of mature tropical forests have changed in the late 20th century   vely and quantitatively, the network of tropical forest plots, integrate it with soil and clima  f changing dynamics on biodiversity and climate change
11786	3	the dynamics of mature tropical forests have changed in the late 20th century   vely and quantitatively, the network of tropical forest plots, integrate it with soil and clima  f changing dynamics on biodiversity and climate change.
6832	4	the research project is based on a hypotheses published by    based on a hypotheses published by the principal investigator in 2001. the hypotheses propose   correcting the folding damage caused by amino acid changes. this maintenance of the cellular ph  hsp90 chaperone at its novel nucleotide binding site discovered in our laboratory.
13393	3	eties were collected and sent to aegean agricultural research institute national gene bank for   llected and sent to aegean agricultural research institute national gene bank for protection.mo  gricultural research institute national gene bank for protection.morphological, phenological, p
11463	1	most environmental microbial diversity, particularly archaeal diversity, i
11802	1	most environmental microbial diversity, particularly archaeal diversity, i
11013	1	atures, and thus may play an especially important role in modestly supercooled clouds
11461	2	to investigate the identity and role of signal molecules involved in cross-species communicatio  n grown in bioflims, a marine strain of bacillus licheniformis produces compounds that can elic
9937	2	to investigate the identity and role of signal molecules involved in cross-species communicatio  n grown in bioflims, a marine strain of bacillus licheniformis produces compounds that can elic
12514	12	follows on from a recommendation by the advisory committee on organic standards , horticulture,  ganic standards , horticulture, arable, food processing and manufacturing, distribution and ret  . this will identiy topics for targeted case studies to determine the reasons for success or fa  the aim will be to identify why certain business opportunities have been successful and why oth  s production capability, processing and manufacturing capacity, distribution, consumption, the   apacity, distribution, consumption, the retail market and access to organic food. in addition,   mption, the retail market and access to organic food. in addition, the response of different so  esponse of different socio-economic and ethnic groups to organic food will be considered, and r  ent socio-economic and ethnic groups to organic food will be considered, and regional variation  of the organic market into urban versus rural areas will be investigated. a project web page wi  l areas will be investigated. a project web page will be used to post documents containing the   aining the results of work packages and case studies and to provide links to information collec
11476	9	methyl bromide is an ozone-depleting atmospheric gas th  at is both produced and consumed in the marine environment. we have recently isolated a number    novel mebr-degrading bacteria from the marine environment. these bacteria grow on mebr and rel  d compounds such as methyl chloride and preliminary investigations suggest that the initial ste  iminary investigations suggest that the initial step in degradation of mebr occurs via novel me  ties of these enzymes with respect to a wide range of halogenated compounds in order to assess   ological techniques to characterise the initial steps in mebr degradation pathways. methyltrans  mebr utilisers will be assessed using a wide range of halogenated substrates in oxygen electrod  ated substrates in oxygen electrode and gas chromatography experiments. if time permits, we wil
10743	1	be made of organic n in the aerosol and gas phase, to determine the precursors of don in rain.
11755	1	be made of organic n in the aerosol and gas phase, to determine the precursors of don in rain.
9974	1	be made of organic n in the aerosol and gas phase, to determine the precursors of don in rain.
12185	4	entified compaction in grasslands as an important issue that may threaten the achievement of ag  . the findings will be summarised in an interim report on the national grassland characterisati   underpin the production of a technical advice note on soil compaction and loosening and the es  ning and the establishment of grassland plant communities. in addition, results will be communi
11625	2	easily be applied over several scales. remote sensing data has tackled these scaling issues wi  tra and to develop the applicability of remote sensing data for wind erosion models.
13465	9	maintaining levels of biodiversity and agricultural production through its role in plant polli  luding pathogens, biological invasions, climate change and pollution. honeybees, and the plants  decline, incurring major ecological and economic costs. honeybees are grouped into a number of   d eurasia around one million years ago. natural selection resulted in each of these subspecies   t of colonies by humans has resulted in artificial selection for desirable traits. our goal is   leness. to achieve this, we will survey genetic variation across the entire genome in populatio   then scan these fine-scale patterns of genetic variation for the characteristic footprints of   s of selective sweeps. knowledge of the genetic variation underlying adaptive traits could be c  e role of positive selection in shaping genetic variation. finally, this study should identify
13359	3	s to be grown very variable climate and soil conditions are required both rehabilitation of pas  study the national collection at aegean agricultural research institute will be characterized a  ional collection at aegean agricultural research institute will be characterized and evaluated
1096	1	laughter ph45 will be measured and from right side, sample joint will be taken; it will be cons
15181	1	ological surveillance of border disease virus infection in the population of chamois from the c
7509	2	preliminary studies based on typing of virulence genes have shown, however quon could classify  will be associated with typing based on virulence genes produced beforehand
7501	2	in the genus agaricus, phylogenetic reconstruction of duploannulatae section c   in the characterization of species and phylogenetic reconstruction of two sections based on th
15334	7	the present research proposal is intended as a contribution to the   d as a contribution to the knowledge of self-incompatibility biology, incompatibility gene alle  ions and the characterization of pseudo-self-compatibility. we make use of the sonchus pustulat   a phylogeographic analysis sketching a molecular clock about populations or population groups    a molecular clock about populations or population groups splitting and other forthcoming data   ncompatibility system. the knowledge of reproductive system in these species and the diversity   gnificant diversity of alleles to avoid harmful effects disturbing reintroduction programs.
7510	2	rsity of two groups abundant archaea in deep ocean hydrothermal vents. work focuses on the defi  o groups abundant archaea in deep ocean hydrothermal vents. work focuses on the definition and
7625	6	unt the architectural complexity of the root system of trees. so we will endeavor us to evaluat  n of these results in a slope stability scale model of a catchment. the use of vegetation, espe  ment. the use of vegetation, especially forest ecosystems, with a view to ensuring a protective  g a protective function against various natural hazards in the mountains is a common practice.   s natural hazards in the mountains is a common practice. there is, in most alpine areas, silvic  al phenomena of interaction between the root system of trees and soil
14588	2	ly characterized with dna markers. this research project proposes this characterization with ra  this theme, the second objetive of this research project is the study of the interaction root-c
157	2	total flux of energy and matter of the coastal ecosystem. being a quite unique and small group   species . evaluation of production and growth rates of different charophyte species in relatio
12404	3	to chemical hazards and impacts in the marine environment. this will be in 5 modules; passive    to chemical risk and human exposure to chemical contaminants key customer purpose: understandi  ding of the impacts of chemicals in the marine environment remains a priority issue for defra a
15147	3	ion from the environment for behavioral decision making related to foraging, reproduction and t   in particular, recent experimental and field studies have demonstrated that many aquatic organ  origin of the chemical cues released by brown trout that are responsible of the anti-predator b
11191	2	of the many lakes beneath the antarctic ice sheet. the chemical composition of this bottom ice   xpanded and contracted as the antarctic ice sheet grows and contracts over cycles of glaciation
13530	3	algal blooms, are natural phenomena in marine environments, but during the last decades they h  dinoflagellate blooms. relative maximal growth rate is generally lower for dinoflagellates than  xuded from dinoflagellates, with strong negative effects on many naturally co-occurring organis
10478	5	hen this process happens in the face of gene flow, differentiation is expected to be variable a  nome reflecting the direct operation of natural selection and the barrier created for regions s  fferent levels of divergence, excellent background information and a sequenced genome. this all   to apply the latest approaches to this major problem in evolutionary genetics.   est approaches to this major problem in evolutionary genetics.
11703	5	hen this process happens in the face of gene flow, differentiation is expected to be variable a  nome reflecting the direct operation of natural selection and the barrier created for regions s  fferent levels of divergence, excellent background information and a sequenced genome. this all   to apply the latest approaches to this major problem in evolutionary genetics.   est approaches to this major problem in evolutionary genetics.
10316	2	ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte  eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe
10551	2	ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte  eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe
10781	2	ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte  eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe
11308	2	ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte  eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe
11568	2	ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte  eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe
11828	2	ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte  eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe
12365	1	f biological impacts relevant to the uk marine environment and fisheries interests in the event
15320	2	em. the main purpose of this project of basic research is to penetrate into the knowledge of th  proach applied as essential strategy in basic research to characterize in depth the interaction
14316	4	in the late 70s while strong signals of climate changes were noted can be of use for representi  ned topics is aiming to investigate the environmental factors favouring the reservoir-hosts as   er environment. the possible links with climate change and global indices could help in designi   global indices could help in designing early warning methods.
6866	2	he project mapping the flora of hungary distribution map of 2000 species will be completed foll  l countries in europe will be possible. distribution maps prepared to analyze the nation-wide l
6752	1	lexes in soils and its fate in the soil plant system.
11673	2	many closely related species differ in chromosome number , and there is no difficulty in findi  y be promoting species-formation in the house mouse, and give us valuable insight into this pro
15090	3	fferenciated aquatic compartiment where chemical compounds reach to high concentrations and may   on the sediment toxicity to the common data bases built only with data relative to chemistry a  rm the chronic sediment bioassays for a risk assessment based on the bioaccumulation.
14676	1	the aim of this research project is to evaluate the interest of sedimen
9843	1	provenance, crucial to unravelling the tectonic history of this region, including the extent t
14187	3	age between the microbial and classical food webs in aquatic systems. in shallow eutrophic and   be very important in functioning of the food webs in that lake. the following goals are address  liate – metazooplankton trophic link to food web functioning in shallow eutrophic and turbid la
13439	2	ontribute to sustainable development in tropical countries dependent on export of marine produc  ts. focused phytoplankton monitoring of coastal water will ensure safe bivalves, which is an en
7036	3	structure within a model species of the boreal forest, mycoblastus sanguinarius, in four differ  what extent its modern distribution and genetic diversity centres diverge from those of its com  erstanding diversification patterns and gene flow in a representative species.
14157	16	the objective of the research project is a synthesised study of the urban en   study of the urban environment and the environmental impact of urbanisation, applying life cyc  mental impact of urbanisation, applying life cycle assessment, substance and energy flux, metho  otprint and spatial analysis. expansive land use and greater mobility brought about by urbanisa  een fully surveyed, in particular using life cycle assessment methods. the comprehensive approa  e especially acute due to the intensive urban sprawl in the light of multifunctional land use p   sprawl in the light of multifunctional land use paradigm and eu directives. the total growth o  e total growth of environmental load of city dwellers is expressed in the increase of ecologica  y and in their relation with main socio-economic indicators. due to more frequent extraordinary  ors. due to more frequent extraordinary weather conditions, urban areas as sensitive places hav  quent extraordinary weather conditions, urban areas as sensitive places have to adapt and mitig  imate and contribute to the decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. the impact of spatial structu  ontribute to the decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. the impact of spatial structure of settl  ructure of settlements and buildings on land use and mobility, and consequently on transport lo   to be elaborated. the objective of the research project is proving these hypotheses. another a  nisation indicators as well as physical planning tools.
230	2	review written by l.b.prout during the first half of the xxth century. later on, only the subf   estonian collections of geometridae in state museums during the last decade have accumulated r
14313	3	global studies of historical land use have focused on large-scale landscape modifica  difications that can potentially affect global climate via their effects on surface albedo, aer  ts on surface albedo, aerosols, and the carbon cycle. these studies concluded that the impact o
2079	5	link between the stock collapse and an abrupt change in north atlantic climate that occurred i  60s. the project will analyse available long term time series of herring growth and abundance i  roject will analyse available long term time series of herring growth and abundance in relation  d climate, and develop state-of-the-art mathematical models to aid prediction of the consequenc  o aid prediction of the consequences of climate changes in the future.
10434	1	fication of seasonal trace gas flux and energy balance between surface and atmosphere at the la
10496	1	fication of seasonal trace gas flux and energy balance between surface and atmosphere at the la
10494	9	pical climate zone is more sensitive to global climate change than model predictions suggest an  limate zone is more sensitive to global climate change than model predictions suggest and ecolo  nah biomes to be extremely sensitive to climate change. however, the dynamics of how tropical v   of how tropical vegetation responds to climate change remains controversial. to explore the re  to explore the relationship between the global climate system and tropical vegetation it is nec  etation change through periods of known global climate change, e.g. through glacial-interglacia   change through periods of known global climate change, e.g. through glacial-interglacial cycle  to explore vegetative response to rapid global climate change, e.g. heinrich events, during the  ore vegetative response to rapid global climate change, e.g. heinrich events, during the period
14231	7	global warming, along with a fast-growing agricultural    along with a fast-growing agricultural land use, considered today to be one of the main global  ersity a threat. studies of climate and land use changes in the past due to the composition and  ct the future response of vegetation to climate change and changing land use. to investigate th  getation to climate change and changing land use. to investigate the effects of past climate ch  use. to investigate the effects of past climate changes during the holocene vegetation in the c  f the global dynamics of vegetation and land use patterns esinduslikuse models for evaluating a
2013	6	ap tool to eliminate biomass, releasing greenhouse gases such as co2 and ch4 to the atmosphere.   a large scale when there is a distinct dry season. on an annual basis, deforestation fires emi  uivalent to approximately 15% of global fossil fuel emissions. during el niño years, this numbe  estation studies have focussed on socio-economic factors that ultimately drive deforestation. h  ons. this could be a result of changing global climate and because of deforestation-driven chan  tool for deforestation, influencing the build-up of atmospheric co2 and ch4. several future def
2030	4	a central issue in ecology is to understand how species r  is to understand how species respond to climate change and to predict consequences for communit   composition and ecosystem functioning. climate warming causes shifts of species distributions   lain and predict plant invasions due to climate warming.
13615	2	due to climate change the ranges of many plant species will sh  ural ecosystems may help to improve the biological control of nematodes in agro-ecosystems.
9835	4	climate change is one of the major threats currently fa   biodiversity. predicting the impact of climate change for species requires the development of   essary to integrate them with models of climate change impacts. i will use black-tailed godwits  or model to predict the consequences of sea level rise and associated coastal management strate
10007	8	h has responded to millions of years of climate change and can be an invaluable means to invest  ery little ice at the poles, and global sea levels were much higher. between 50 and 34 ma, the   began to grow on antarctica, taking the first steps towards the modern bipolar icehouse world.   y how old the sediments are that record climate change. we will do this by looking at the magne  eochemistry to produce a picture of the global climate through time. third, we want to use this  n turn on carbonate-producing plankton. calcium carbonate dissolves in acid and given the impor  the palaeoceanography and palaeoclimate research group, which is actively investigating critica  ely investigating critical intervals of climate change. we will collaborate with scripps instit
13785	4	the project proposed here, i will study host plant-pollinator-parasitoid interactions under dif  bitat change scenarios. i will focus on pollinating insects with well known ecology i.e. large    generality in the study systems. using pollinating insects in an ecological and evolutionary f  mation about ecosystem functioning. our general knowledge of how such systems are influenced by
1105	9	namics of the processes involved in the carbon cycle that carry out and control the carbon cycl  on cycle that carry out and control the carbon cycle. a simulation model of the carbon cycle wi  carbon cycle. a simulation model of the carbon cycle will be set up simultaneously in order to   climatic scenarios, predicted by global circulation models, will be used both in the study of t  ganism and on carbon dynamic and in the carbon cycle models, in order to compare the data obtai  decisions to be made in controlling the greenhouse effect via the increase in carbon storage fo  disseminated to promote knowledge about climate change and the mitigating effect, that agro-for  hat agro-forestal systems might have on climate change to an large and diverse audience. the pr  s; 2. simulation models and territorial data processing; 3. genetic and functional diversity of
10850	2	the effects of climate change in a dynamic competitive interaction bet  nd, in the latter models, functions for interspecific competition. historical data from a netwo
10476	14	one of the most striking impacts of human development is the replacement of natural wildlif  velopment is the replacement of natural wildlife habitat with either agriculture or urban envir  ment reduce the overall availability of wildlife habitat, it often fragments the landscape so t  tence of major disturbance phenomena in marine ecosystems, the effects of habitat fragmentation  ck of study of habitat fragmentation in marine ecosystems is understandable, the potential impo  da, primarily because of the impacts of climate change. in 1998, for example, unusually high se  change. in 1998, for example, unusually high sea temperatures in tropical regions led to unprec   with the recent emergence of models of ecosystem dynamics and larval connectivity among coral    dynamics and larval connectivity among coral reefs, the constraints to studying fragmentation    systems have recently been lifted. the research team is multi-disciplinary and provides the fo  ulti-disciplinary and provides the four key ingredients needed to study climate change impacts   he four key ingredients needed to study climate change impacts on marine habitats. these are .   eded to study climate change impacts on marine habitats. these are . lastly, we undertake field  itats. these are . lastly, we undertake field studies to test the predictions of the model by s
13755	1	climate models predict an increase in dynamic ice forma
2006	5	indonesian coral reefs are famous for their high number of species  re than 100 years resulting in valuable natural history collections in museums and herbaria. th  sponse to environmental change. next to data base comparison, we will analyse caco3 secreting o   analyses on these samples will provide time series on sea surface temperatures and precipitati  ese samples will provide time series on sea surface temperatures and precipitation / evaporatio
10044	4	uncertainly regarding the influence of climate change on structure of marine fish assemblages,  emporal changes of abundance, including body size, growth rates and trophic level and 3 test th  nges of abundance, including body size, growth rates and trophic level and 3 test the reliabili  orecasted 2 to 4 c rises in mean annual sea surface temperature over the next 100 years.
10895	4	the world is experiencing rapid climate change with a predicted rise in global average   in species distributions within-species genetic diversity in many mobile animal taxa. however,   , disperse slowly cannot adapt to rapid climate change within the lifespan of individuals. fore  be among the first habitats impacted by climate change, a realisation driving the search for ap
11708	4	the world is experiencing rapid climate change with a predicted rise in global average   in species distributions within-species genetic diversity in many mobile animal taxa. however,   , disperse slowly cannot adapt to rapid climate change within the lifespan of individuals. fore  be among the first habitats impacted by climate change, a realisation driving the search for ap
7479	13	g the precise nature and rate of future climate change, even the most moderate scenarios predic  rios predict a continuing change of the marine environment, with associated major environmental   certainties and uncertainties, in this specific area should be raised. during the last years,   f eu research results on the impacts of climate change on the marine environment and to make th  on the impacts of climate change on the marine environment and to make this knowledge and its s  pean research results on the effects of climate change on marine environment. an up-to-date ove  lts on the effects of climate change on marine environment. an up-to-date overview of public kn  wledge and perception on the effects of climate change on marine environments and their socio-e  ion on the effects of climate change on marine environments and their socio-economic consequenc  ies. enhancement of public knowledge on climate change impacts on the marine environment, inclu  wledge on climate change impacts on the marine environment, including the socio-economic conseq  te with european citizens on impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems.   itizens on impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems.
12660	4	the uk on the strength of links between climate change and migratory species’ behaviour, abunda  distribution and passed a resolution on climate change, which amongst other things, called for   the need for standardised protocols for data collection and monitoring of climate-change impact  g the threats to migratory species from climate change.
13773	2	eproductive success declines during the breeding season. because temperature shows yearly varia  sticity allows short-term adjustment to temperature changes, large-scale disruptions to these p
2000	6	peat bogs are important ecosystems in relation to clima  ificant long-term sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide. climatic change could bring about chang  e. virtually nothing is known about how climate change and changes in atmospheric n deposition   n would affect bog ecosystems at longer time scales. on the other hand bogs provide some unique  es. on the other hand bogs provide some unique opportunities to analyse changes in species comp  to investigate the long-term effects of climate change on plant species composition and carbon
14737	5	studies have considered the effects of climate change on ecosystem functioning, and on plant a  is needed to investigate the impacts at community level, particularly in forests. at regional s  icularly in forests. at regional scale, climate change may produce modifications in species dis   in this project, we propose to develop statistical models of potential distribution of the mai  hese experiments, and they suggest that abrupt changes may appear after drought thresholds are
14823	9	es that ecotones are very vulnerable to climate change. environmental limitations to the distri   of forest trees become most obvious at tree line ecotones. extremes in environmental factors s  ious at tree line ecotones. extremes in environmental factors such as temperature, water supply  ironmental factors such as temperature, water supply, irradiation, etc. accumulate stress situa  withstand. therefore, the role of upper tree line ecotones as indicators of environmental chang  ronmental changes is widely recognised. small changes in any environmental factors may cause ch  widely recognised. small changes in any environmental factors may cause changes in the timberli  inuously during the year in relation to environmental factors. obtained data will provide a res  e for better management of forest under climate change conditions
482	2	depends on the persistence of multiple group members: thus in practice, the greatest recorded   c gradient, using national and european time series and atlas datasets available to the consort
12592	2	climate change has been identified by the draft soil st   be directly and indirectly impacted by climate change, but the consequences of such effects ar
7673	2	clim-fabiam is a basic research program relying on a long lasting partne                   clim-fabiam is a basic research program relying on a long lasting partnership
11758	3	plants play a vital role in regulating the concentration of atmospher  lating the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in   carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in whole plant carbon balances may have i
9996	3	plants play a vital role in regulating the concentration of atmospher  lating the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in   carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in whole plant carbon balances may have i
10889	9	climate change is now recognized as having major impact  erate and polar species retreat. at the community level, changes in assemblage composition have  assemblages and indeed the whole marine food web. changes in the timing of this bloom as a resu  the timing of this bloom as a result of climate change have been demonstrated and shown to have  ine benthic organisms which live on the sea bed, through effects on their planktonic larvae are  ly and are also sensitive indicators of climate change. their larvae are also important compone  re also important components of coastal food webs. in the british isles, barnacles are either b  enthic organisms through effects at the larval stage. results will be used to extend further a   ous nerc grant to understand effects of climate change on adult populations of benthic organism
10950	4	will be used to estimate younger dryas summer temperatures at one site in eastern scotland and  n glacier equilibrium line altitude and summer temperature. we will investigate whether glacier   resulted from reduction in snowfall or climate warming. we will compare midge-inferred july te   grip record can be used as a proxy for summer temperature in the ne atlantic region and as a l
13587	2	using a structured population model and laboratory experiments together with field sampling dat  water quality management in the face of climate change.
2056	5	climate change scenarios predict that arctic regions wi  nd changes anywhere on the globe due to global warming in the coming decades. this is of great   s that are found nowhere else on earth. polar bears induced change in the arctic system. the pr  ractions of these two species, identify critical habitat features and develop a predictive mode  ve model to assess the impact of future climate change on these animals and the ecosystem they
1997	6	t of disturbance in aquatic ecosystems. climate change can thus be expected to affect biodivers  diversity. according to this hypothesis climate change is likely to affect biodiversity by chan  ty composition as well as biodiversity. climate change may potentially push these ecosystems to  lly inclined ph.d. student will perform time series analysis on existing long term datasets and  erform time series analysis on existing long term datasets and perform analyses with simple mul  tools to assess the potential impact of climate change on aquatic biodiversity. the integrative
1999	8	to predict different relations between global warming and biodiversity. to explore the potenti  nts will be tuned to the results of the time series analysis and the model analysis obtained in   since climatic effects on more complex food webs and on organisms with long generation times c  ex food webs and on organisms with long generation times cannot be studied experimentally, we w  e compared with the results obtained by time series and model analysis in the companion project  alysis in the companion project of this research program. the anticipated results of this resea  rogram. the anticipated results of this research programme will provide the first essential too  tools to assess the potential impact of climate change on aquatic biodiversity.
1998	10	to predict different relations between global warming and biodiversity. this is a first indica  rsity in more detail, we propose to use time series analysis and model analysis. the time serie  series analysis and model analysis. the time series analysis will focus on time series of lakes   the time series analysis will focus on time series of lakes in northwestern europe, with the f  he climatic variability observed in the time series analysis as input for the models to obtain   he findings from the model analysis and time series analysis will be compared with experimental  e series analysis will be compared with experimental results obtained in the companion project   tained in the companion project of this research program. the anticipated results of this resea  rogram. the anticipated results of this research programme will provide the first essential too  tools to assess the potential impact of climate change on aquatic biodiversity.
2179	2	est this match-mismatch hypothesis in a food web perspective, combining small-scale process stu  birch forest under various scenarios of climate change.
14665	7	ntains transitional climate zones where climate change may have the greatest effects. in the ar  ime and drought phenomenon often occurs climate change plays a decisive role on the dynamics of  stems. in this context, the analysis of climate change and its variability is of great interest  sential tool for a better management of natural resources. such studies combining climate varia  g of climate variability with a greater spatial resolution could be useful for all social and p  in this context, the main goals of this research project are: 1. to create a dense, complete an  ense, complete and homogeneous climatic data base for the whole mediterranean coast of spain. a
15005	4	the scientific community has now no doubt on the existence   peed of this change implies an enormous selective pressure for all organisms. in mountain syste  h high mountain systems that range from sea level to over 3000 m altitude: sierra nevada and te  om different altitudes. 3. to study the genetic diversity, using aflp, of the samples used in t
2078	4	predicted climate changes will affect nature as a whole. for a be  nd species-composition as a response to climate change it is important to consider comparable i  sms in time and space. it is known that climate changes will have a strong effect on species-di  f organisms differ in their response to climate change. this enables an identification of areas
424	1	mulated distribution of the cedar shows drastic changes with a significant reduction of its dis
2109	4	the north boreal forests and the low alpine areas cover a large p  nd surface. the predicted anthropogenic climate changes are supposed to have large influences i  cies above the existing treeline. steep temperature gradients influence the survival of many pl   order to predict the effects of future climate change in this ecotone. we plan to provide info
13612	4	m model-based predictions on how future climate change will affect european biodiversity. curre  pecies distribution models suggest that climate change will cause habitats to shift or contract  bitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 years. this will allo  empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and empl
15565	4	m model-based predictions on how future climate change will affect european biodiversity. curre  pecies distribution models suggest that climate change will cause habitats to shift or contract  bitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 years. this will allo  empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and empl
13747	1	depends on the persistence of multiple group members: thus in | ||jij practice, the greatest r
15566	2	depends on the persistence of multiple group members: thus in practice, the greatest recorded   c gradient, using national and european time series and atlas datasets available to the consort
14140	4	l distribution and temporal dynamics of planktonic organisms as well as controlling primary pro  ttom layer. we assume that, besides the physical processes, the biological and chemical process   physical processes, the biological and chemical processes in the two pycnoclines separating th  stem changes taking into account future climate change projections.
6736	7	genetic research in recent years has clarified the mole  nogenic inheritance pattern include the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . all of these disorders ar  hythmias and an incresed risk of sudden cardiac death. the genetic research on cardiomyopathies  resed risk of sudden cardiac death. the genetic research on cardiomyopathies is a rapidly growi  pathologic base of these diseases, many open questions remained. these include not only to find  ders is enough for transferring the new genetic informations into the every-day clinical practi  w information would be valuable for the scientific community in general.
11439	8	sts now believe that the very future of human life on the planet earth is closeley linked to ho  seley linked to how we alter the global carbon cycle. the rate at which we are using fossil fue  n cycle. the rate at which we are using fossil fuels and altering land use ; however, if we get   we are using fossil fuels and altering land use ; however, if we get the carbon cycle slightly  ering land use ; however, if we get the carbon cycle slightly out of balance the plants and ani  eed to know the rules for keeping these closed systems alive and how important altering the atm  , etc. are. exactly how delicate is the carbon cycle within a closed system the work we are pro  w delicate is the carbon cycle within a closed system the work we are proposing uses one of the
14266	1	ese potential synergies on the level of information exchange, methodology and research experien
10587	1	een female mating behaviour and selfish genetic elements.
9816	1	een female mating behaviour and selfish genetic elements.
12588	7	hanges in soil carbon levels related to land use and climate change are highly uncertain, so ev  l carbon levels related to land use and climate change are highly uncertain, so evidence-based    data on soil carbon and the release of greenhouse gases in relation to land management. this w  to land management. this would enable a clear picture to be gained of the current state of uk s  . the expert group will be managed by a project manager in order to: 1. assess the existence, a  ta on uk soil carbon stocks, fluxes and land use influences. 2. appraise the potential limitati  his will provide up to date evidence to policy makers in relation to soil carbon and land manag
14958	1	build on the previous experience of the principal investigator in developing methods for the is
10137	9	food resources for humankind. since the industrial revolution, the oceans have restricted the e  he oceans have restricted the extent of global warming by taking up approximately 50% of the co  ng up approximately 50% of the co2 from fossil fuel burning and cement manufacture. co2 forms c  rning and cement manufacture. co2 forms carbonic acid when dissolved in seawater and lowers amb  ns of many marine organisms are made of calcium carbonate to constrain the swarm of models so t  etter understanding of the modern ocean carbon cycle, which is essential to get right before wo  future warming by emitting more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxi  g more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.   nhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.
11019	9	food resources for humankind. since the industrial revolution, the oceans have restricted the e  he oceans have restricted the extent of global warming by taking up approximately 50% of the co  ng up approximately 50% of the co2 from fossil fuel burning and cement manufacture. co2 forms c  rning and cement manufacture. co2 forms carbonic acid when dissolved in seawater and lowers amb  ns of many marine organisms are made of calcium carbonate to constrain the swarm of models so t  etter understanding of the modern ocean carbon cycle, which is essential to get right before wo  future warming by emitting more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxi  g more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.   nhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.
15028	8	sh populations and demersal and pelagic marine ecosystems are well documented for commercial fi  rine ecosystems are well documented for commercial fishing, the impacts of artisanal and recrea  l fishing, the impacts of artisanal and recreational fishing -as well as their relationships- o  -as well as their relationships- on the coastal ecosystem have received little attention. never  ttention. nevertheless, the interest on recreational fishing as a leisure activity is growing r  ating a potential conflict between this open access type of fishing and the regulated artisanal  ects over the exploited species and the coastal ecosystem. the objective of the current proposa  ions and maintain the resiliency of the coastal ecosystems, the health of the fish stocks and t
11490	1	in the ganges-brahmaputra to facilitate take-up of the policy recommendations that would emerge
14317	7	ly to the amazonriver basin in terms of drainage area and water discharge, the congo river harb  urce of critical importance to riparian human population. in shrill contrast with its importanc  an aquatic ecosystem. a large number of conceptual models have been developed over the past dec  overall ecological functioning of large river systems. the importance of longitudinal and later  nous primary production for fueling the food web in function of spatial and temporal scales. un  cers . in particular, the origin of the organic matter fueling the upper levels of the food web   matter fueling the upper levels of the food web will be highlighted. such interdisciplinary an
14318	6	deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries program. un-redd+ will create a fi  reate a financial value for sustainable forest management actions that enhance carbon storage i  age in forests, offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions in a post 2012  ersity in pristine and intervened dense tropical forests of the congo basin and to increase our  between both variables as a function of forest management. the strategic choice of the tropical  management. the strategic choice of the tropical forests of d.r. congo as a study area is inspi
13315	4	ity is affected by historic and current land use changes. in the coconut project we will , and    coconut project we will , and national data bases will enable access to data, tools and inform   predictions of biodiversity effects on land use change, and development of policy options for   , and development of policy options for land use management.
13823	3	tic mosaics created by colonisation and gene flow dynamics of both host and parasites maintain    and parasites maintain a high level of genetic variation in parasite selected traits. the resu  is a more efficient way to maintain the evolutionary processes that are important to biodiversi
14549	1	and their hosts, a subject in which our research team has made relevant contributions finally,
14940	3	colonization or host-switching through food webs. this task will require to build a phylogenet  webs. this task will require to build a phylogenetic tree of the polymorphidae based on both mo  nt function to the intestinal wall. our working hypothesis is that the variety of morphologies
15583	2	and ecological landscapes are evolving. climate change, deforestation, and degradation critical  sults and scenarios are embedded in the policy making process, paying close attention to the go
13455	5	coral reefs of lophelia pertusa are key biotopes in tem  a, a keystone species in the koster sea national park; by 1 developing tools for active managem  3 modelling larval dispersal within the national park and skagerrak, and investigate in vitro a  igate in vitro and in situ hydrodynamic driving forces to be able to develop and improve the ef   rehabilitation activities of coldwater coral reefs in years to come.
12715	2	tion remains a threat to sensitive semi-natural habitats in the uk. large areas of the country   . large areas of the country exceed the critical loads for nutrient nitrogen and critical level
13405	1	y is to investigate conservation of the genetic diversity of mulberry.
13368	1	wn with other seed samples conserved in gene bank. salvia species will be characterized using m
13409	1	y is to investigate conservation of the genetic diversity of fruit genetic resourses in middle
14190	1	larger number of local cultivars in the botanical garden.
14192	3	ections; seed collecting expeditions to natural habitats; characterization and evaluation of ac  e centre participating in activities of steering committee and working groups of barley, wheat,  in activities of steering committee and working groups of barley, wheat, oats, forage grasses a
14191	1	are: •to collect and to introduce into tissue culture and to preserve in vitro the varieties,
13578	4	the populations of many boreal forest species have declined dramatically in lan  es dominated by forestry. anthropogenic climate change may further reduce their abundance. the   y of forestry-sensitive species. during climate change, high colonizing ability is essential to  l have better chances to survive in the long term despite all the challenges. in contrast, spec
13462	3	the populations of many boreal forest species have declined dramatically in lan  ves, e.g. colonization capacity. during climate change, high colonizing capacity is essential t  l have better chances to survive in the long term despite the antropogenic challenges described
15321	8	d lethal uv radiation, extremely low or high temperatures and their fluctuations, oligotrophic    vapour has not yet been addressed. our working hypothesis for this project is that: colonizati  d microbiota and biomarkers of the cold dry valleys of antarctica. this type of study will gene   endolithic microorganisms to different environmental factors. from our data, we will infer the  ic ecosystems in the atacama desert and dry valleys of antarctica. similarly, the investigation  igations proposed will generate data on environmental factors that will provide new insight int  tors that will provide new insight into climate change in regions as sensitive to global warmin  imate change in regions as sensitive to global warming as are deserts.
12146	5	pertrophication-related disturbances in forest ecosystem. increased amounts of plant and . at t  ges of vegetation, fungi and soil biota take place. nature and dynamics of these changes must b  . the project aims to shape a scheme of forest ecosystem functioning under an impact of hypertr  f forest disturbances linking them with expansion rates and productivity of the cormorant colon  will be employed for making a scheme of forest ecosystem functioning under an impact of hypertr
15339	2	vision plays a key role in the detection of resources by diurnal polli  ecies: a solitary bee, osmia cornuta, a hover fly, eristalis tenax and a diurnal moth, macroglo
15327	5	the recent intergovernmental panel on climate change report predicted large temperature incre  on attention needs to focus not only on global warming and each of the other stressors individu  osystems will most likely interact with climate warming, with combined effects that are difficu  tem services to humans. we predict that climate warming will exacerbate the current effects of   nagement plans in the short, medium and long term.
9857	8	are currently experiencing accelerating climate change. the layers of ocean sediments in these   lls accumulate through time providing a high resolution record of past environments. communitie  in mind that these regions experience a wide range of environmental conditions as the seasons c  dern ocean and most importantly, in the fossil record. we hope to genetically and morphological  unified classification scheme. from our high resolution sampling, we will be able to produce a   ll be able to produce a new bioprovince distribution map for the present day northeast atlantic  w the exploration of seasonality in the fossil record. do foram shells of the same species have  ut how extreme changes in these dynamic marine environments affect the survival of species and
9892	8	are currently experiencing accelerating climate change. the layers of ocean sediments in these   lls accumulate through time providing a high resolution record of past environments. communitie  in mind that these regions experience a wide range of environmental conditions as the seasons c  dern ocean and most importantly, in the fossil record. we hope to genetically and morphological  unified classification scheme. from our high resolution sampling, we will be able to produce a   ll be able to produce a new bioprovince distribution map for the present day northeast atlantic  w the exploration of seasonality in the fossil record. do foram shells of the same species have  ut how extreme changes in these dynamic marine environments affect the survival of species and
14149	3	cesses we study mechanical disturbance, current flow, water stratification, sedimentation, oxyg  ee access to many european databases on marine ecosystems. meta-analyses are used to compare re  e aim of this project is to provide the knowledge base of the integrated impacts of multiple pr
15077	4	the analysis of the y-chromosome genetic diversity has been shown to be useful to ascert  scertain phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary processes in humans. however, this kind of  ellite markers. the aim is to solve the major problem of the y-specific microsatellite markers   ach species and among different species y chromosomes.
14898	3	. moreover, due to their sensibility to climate change and habitat alteration and fragmentation  pe of the selected groups with variable chromosome number, and the sequence of mitochondrial an  equence of mitochondrial and/or nuclear genetic markers. the combination of the barcoding data
13976	4	n the baltic archipelago is affected by human activities, and use this knowledge as a basis to    basis to evaluate legal aspects of how policy measures should be constructed to efficiently pr  rds are affected by shore exploitation, nature reserves and boat traffic. the analysis will als  g biodiversity and maintain and develop human activities in the society. this will encompass a
2150	1	rway, considerable damage to deep-water coral reefs by trawlers have led to the closure of area
11119	2	some studies have shown that plants use chemical signals to promote pollination, seed dispersal  r bioactivity using behavioural assays. gas chromatography and mass spectrometry will be used t
11836	10	anatomical evidence plays an important role in elucidating the relationships of plan   silica supersaturated waters flow from hot springs. the latter is particularly important becau   situ. such occurrences are rare in the fossil record, but provide unique snapshots of past lif  ts of past life. perhaps the best known hot spring deposit is the lower devonian rhynie chert o  y vegetation growing in the vicinity of hot springs e.g. yellowstone, usa and iceland, demonstr  ck and estimate the degree to which the hot spring ecosystems are typical of either normal dry-  ght, or are connected with withstanding heavy metal toxicity. similar but probably less rigorou  probably less rigorous analyses, due to time constraints, will be applied to carboniferous, cre  o carboniferous, cretaceous and miocene hot springs, to attempt to demonstrate convergence in a  ity, dongfanghong, part of an extensive gold field situated within the same lower cretaceous pr
9936	2	termined by phylogenetic and functional genetic marker analysis, and 13c-labelling of archaeal    carbon-flow pathways in freshwater and marine environments.
10701	2	termined by phylogenetic and functional genetic marker analysis, and 13c-labelling of archaeal    carbon-flow pathways in freshwater and marine environments.
15252	2	val amphibians at the interspecific and community levels and their latitudinal variation. we in  ans are at higher risk of extinction to global warming since their environmental temperatures a
15499	7	processes was essential to build modern evolutionary theory. however, the process of artificial  tionary theory. however, the process of artificial selection has been scarcely explored by evol   the well-known domestication syndrome, life history theory and plant physiological ecology wou  nteractions with other organisms, or to after-life effects on soil function through microbial u  identify plant strategies evolved under artificial selection across a wide range of domesticati  ved under artificial selection across a wide range of domestication processes. the overarching   that would benefit basic ecological and evolutionary theory, but will also contribute technolog
15403	2	this project is have a side of basic research in the field of herbivory under conditio  alearian wild goat- , to check if their ecological niche is similar and thus provide essential
10195	3	rganisation that are believed to play a key role in speciation. we will use a uniquely appropri  eneral nature and specific instances of chromosomal rearrangements. we will also survey the gen  , and correlate these with differential gene expression. our findings will both complement and
13709	2	n´t be grown outside the host, standard genetic analyses cannot be applied, and comparative gen  osed project will greatly influence the research field, as the mechanism of ci and the evolutio
10525	5	d do amazing things. they could degrade crude oil. they could live in hot springs, or places wi  d degrade crude oil. they could live in hot springs, or places with extreme salt concentrations  teria also are a very important part of animal life. our digestive function is changed by probi  tant in good digestive health. in cows, gut bacteria are of vital importance in making the nutr  ome sequence of a. triatominarum, using new technology based on firefly enzymes that can produc
15233	5	ion is almost universal, occupying many ecological niches, including the human body. p. stutzer  g many ecological niches, including the human body. p. stutzeri is involved in environmental re  f inorganic compounds and resistance to toxic metals aerobically, and anaerobically as denitrif  is might explain, at least in part, the genetic diversity of the species. genomic analysis of r  aptation of the pseudomonads to diverse ecological niches.
14220	8	ching implications for macroecology and biodiversity research. differences have been noted in t  ntified some species traits that affect population dynamics, this issue is still very open in t   in the tropics, we will supplement our time series data with studies of spatial congruence and   with studies of spatial congruence and life history, and take a phylogenetic comparative persp  determining population changes, and how life history traits determine emergent properties of tr  recapture, and caterpillar rearing in a tropical forest in uganda. proposed practical work will  d significantly to our understanding of life history evolution and community structure in tropi  ry evolution and community structure in tropical forests and provide the necessary background f
14131	3	mental conditions. however, to date the vast majority of studies have focused on single species  for comparison mammal species including brown bears, grey wolves identify significant populatio  n mammal species including brown bears, grey wolves identify significant population units for c
14813	1	pecial interest for the conservation of genetic diversity in the mediterranean, supplies reliab
6913	2	rm of bi- and multifactorial small-plot field trials, some of which are part of long-term exper  lysis and yield formation and papers in scientific journals are planned as the result of the pr
10008	7	nately we know almost nothing about the make-up of centipede venom, which leaves not only a lar  understanding of venom evolution in the animal kingdom. this study aims to remedy this ignoranc  venoms and venomous organisms. the most basic question that can be answered is simply: what tox  o their venom. they do this by taking a gene coding for a normal body protein, duplicating it,   s went hand in hand. by integrating the family trees of the toxin genes and the centipedes we c   by integrating the family trees of the toxin genes and the centipedes we can infer whether par  us animals, from what kind of genes the toxin genes in centipedes have evolved. since there wer
15137	3	he species under study by exploring the genetic diversity of populations in the mediterranean r  al interest for the conservation of the genetic diversity in the mediterranean, and to obtain m  le responses of each species studied to climate change.
10792	5	now know that the rock record over the continental shelf is very cyclical in structure. at its  ches onto the continental blocks during high sea-level stands. we will also compare the nature   re of the deep-sea sedimentary rock and fossil records with rock and fossil records derived fro  y rock and fossil records with rock and fossil records derived from land-based sections on adja  inents to find out whether the deep-sea fossil record is immune from many of the biases affecti
11569	5	now know that the rock record over the continental shelf is very cyclical in structure. at its  ches onto the continental blocks during high sea-level stands. we will also compare the nature   re of the deep-sea sedimentary rock and fossil records with rock and fossil records derived fro  y rock and fossil records with rock and fossil records derived from land-based sections on adja  inents to find out whether the deep-sea fossil record is immune from many of the biases affecti
7662	7	tatus of water bodies. beside this, the water pollution by chemicals, the result of massive ind  tems. goals this project is part of the biological responses component model organisms, it aims  fects of representative contaminants in urban areas or the decline of the species if genotoxici   species if genotoxicity exerted during embryonic development or germ cells. genotoxicity ecolo  exerted during embryonic development or germ cells. genotoxicity ecological relevance therefore   substance in an urban environment in a fresh water body model, the zebra mussel. the zebra mus  he zebra mussel. the zebra mussel is an invasive species widely distributed in temperate aquati
2478	2	marine ecosystems the world over are experiencing incre  he us financed by the rcn. it conducted marine ecosystem comparisons based primarily on observa
10091	1	and ease of use will be assessed in the final analysis and the best method determined.
12617	9	the extent of feedback between climate change and the terrestrial carbon cycle is one   ween climate change and the terrestrial carbon cycle is one of the main uncertainties in predic   uncertainties in predictions of future climate change. soil carbon dynamics are a key element   mate change. soil carbon dynamics are a key element of this because soils contain two or three   the losses occurred across all types of land use, a link to climate change was suggested. subse  across all types of land use, a link to climate change was suggested. subsequent studies have s  uggested. subsequent studies have shown climate change probably was in part responsible, but th  , but the dominant cause was changes in land use and management, such as the conversion of gras  has serious implications for the global carbon cycle, for the possibility of sequestering carbo
14656	2	of diverse impacts both of a global and local character. local phenomena do not seem, however,   he mechanisms of photoprotection or the immune response of the organisms themselves, which cont
2004	1	climate-sensitive cores at 2550 m above sea level in the andes.
14426	4	ronmentally friendly and protecting the ecological equilibrium in water bodies. fish rearing in  ut, 200-250 t sturgeons and about 250 t channel catfish. along with the advantages of this meth  ish, there are a number of problems and negative effects on the environment, caused mainly by t  g method and the type of the used feed, water temperature etc.
6880	4	rozen stored inner organs, mainly liver tissue samples by chemical analysis. from the samples w   organs, mainly liver tissue samples by chemical analysis. from the samples we plan to analyse   from the samples we plan to analyse the genetic diversity of otter population in hungary with t  ic habitats and also in the sustainable fish farming. we plan to publish results in internation
12685	2	ent of the level of compliance with the environmental protection , and a review of other applic  s a need for any legislative reforms or policy initiatives to increase compliance with the 1999
11302	6	will aid interpretation of the miocene fossil record and the evolution of locomotor diversity   to some extent since the split from the old world monkeys is key to the distinction between the  nction between the human and chimpanzee fossil record, since adaptations for bipedality have tr  have traditionally been taken to define human ancestors from those of the other african apes. i   recover energy when running on springy running tracks. to study these we will use a relatively  se data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and between joints in sit
11309	6	will aid interpretation of the miocene fossil record and the evolution of locomotor diversity   to some extent since the split from the old world monkeys is key to the distinction between the  nction between the human and chimpanzee fossil record, since adaptations for bipedality have tr  have traditionally been taken to define human ancestors from those of the other african apes. i   recover energy when running on springy running tracks. to study these we will use a relatively  se data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and between joints in sit
11831	6	will aid interpretation of the miocene fossil record and the evolution of locomotor diversity   to some extent since the split from the old world monkeys is key to the distinction between the  nction between the human and chimpanzee fossil record, since adaptations for bipedality have tr  have traditionally been taken to define human ancestors from those of the other african apes. i   recover energy when running on springy running tracks. to study these we will use a relatively  se data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and between joints in sit
10181	2	of sheffield and east anglia, where the laboratory studies will be carried out and from where t  ly changing environment - either due to climate change or habitat loss.
11764	3	plexes evolved through time and whether common factors were involved in each of the independent  on animal locomotion, palaeobiology and evolutionary biology and will be of broad interest not   d will be of broad interest not only to life scientists, but also to physical scientists dealin
11653	1	the ear region and the structure of the inner ear will provide a wealth of new character inform
517	1	lic action in favour of biodiversity in rural areas is part of the objectives at stake defined
10563	6	animals that live in cooperative societies face inherent conflicts of intere  which reproduction is distributed among group members. a large number of evolutionary models ha  s species is unusual because nearly all adult females in each group give birth together in the   dults of both sexes. we have shown in a pilot study that we can use short-acting contraceptive   nses to the manipulation, combined with genetic analyses of maternity, reproductive success and  eproduction and variation in individual social behaviour, a important but untested assumption o
11690	6	animals that live in cooperative societies face inherent conflicts of intere  which reproduction is distributed among group members. a large number of evolutionary models ha  s species is unusual because nearly all adult females in each group give birth together in the   dults of both sexes. we have shown in a pilot study that we can use short-acting contraceptive   nses to the manipulation, combined with genetic analyses of maternity, reproductive success and  eproduction and variation in individual social behaviour, a important but untested assumption o
11435	9	theory for explaining the evolution of social behaviour in organisms. the theory is based on t  e theory is based on the application of natural selection theory to the genes that influence so  tion theory to the genes that influence social behaviour, where social behaviour includes both    that influence social behaviour, where social behaviour includes both cooperation and conflict  ict. it proposes that individuals value one another in proportion to their genetic relatedness,  ce they share the genes influencing the social behaviour. because of its fundamental basis, and  iduals, and/or the overall costs to the social group of conflict behaviour. the second explanat   second explanation is that individuals social behaviour is driven by direct benefits to determ  standing of the evolutionary ecology of social behaviour.
7490	5	on of bio-fuels competes with areas for food production and nature. moreover, intensified land   ction and nature. moreover, intensified land use reduces soil biodiversity and the resulting ec   biodiversity surveys to construct soil food web models and determine effects of changing soil    consequences for outbreaks of pests or invasive species. soilservice will link ecological and   m services during different pressure of land use and changes in soil biodiversity. field and mo
15240	1	er to develop into fertile queens while adult females for the use of ant microarray. finally, t
13337	3	by delivering dissemination tools which policy makers and conservation managers can convenientl  . wp5 will provide a knowledge pack and information leaflets, translated into the main european  ortal and will be guided by an end-user advisory group, who will oversee the development of the
15241	2	ecological research in coastal waters has experienced a great development in r  l contribute to a more holistic view of coastal waters ecology.
10279	6	anisms have a planktonic phase in their life history and spend the first days or weeks of their  vantages. perhaps most importantly, its natural history is relatively easy to model which lends   modelled larval dispersal and observed genetic diversity. we have sampled the genetic diversit   genetic diversity. we have sampled the genetic diversity of m. annularis throughout the caribb  d will compare the observed patterns of gene flow to predicted levels of larval connectivity. i  opriate algorithms for the selection of marine reserve networks.
7433	6	. analyze and compare the level of genetic diversity in rivers of the northern pas de cala   of different wetland types in terms of genetic diversity, -to define management recommendation  into account both species diversity and genetic diversity of populations, -to prioritize restor  ions in terms of ecological benefit for genetic diversity. assistance requested focuses on the   l student, on charges of experiments in molecular biology and travel expenses   of experiments in molecular biology and travel expenses
7155	1	this project is part of the problem of land use changes due to intensified human pressures on
10267	9	nisms to reduce, or even eliminate, the negative effects of a parasite. some of these genes are  eptible at another. in other words some resistance genes are only functional in particular envi  ent times. these differences are due to individual variation in the genes controlling traits su  such as growth and flowering time. such genetic variation is crucial to a populations ability t   different genes changes as a result of environmental factors such as temperature we know that   , consistently less able to function at high temperatures, then it will mean a functional decre  n it will mean a functional decrease in genetic variation for resistance at these higher temper  eractions. it will do this by measuring genetic variation in parasite resistance in different p  tempts to develop strategies for secure food production in future climates.
10185	1	erent levels of sexual selection impact genetic diversity. using experimental evolution in the
13879	3	bee populations. through its effects on farming practices and landscape heterogeneity, agricult   bee species, the mechanisms by whereby farming practices and landscape complexity affects spec  rces determine bee foraging success and population growth. the results will be used to propose
15000	8	it is known that genetic diversity provides advantages at several levels  itness compared to the homozygous ones. social groups do better when genetic variability produc  ies genetically diverse may have higher growth rates and lower extinction risks. however, there  n patterns, our aim is to work on those intriguing questions by means of an observational and e   interested in knowing in which way the genetic diversity of these metapopulations is affected   distribution of the subpopulations, the ecological niche width, the generation time, the intera  ations, the ecological niche width, the generation time, the interaction with other organisms,   s. our interest in the investigation of genetic diversity and the factors ruling it is due to i
14947	6	evolutionary processes responsible for the maintenance    the maintenance of natural features of red deer populations greatly depend upon the way in whi  rd that the polygynous mating system of red deer may lead to more differences between the sexes  olded by variations in populational and environmental factors, and that reproductive strategies  ng system and the degree of polygyny in red deer: 1 evolutionary consequences that entail difer  n guarantee the preservation of iberian red deer as an element of wild faunas in spain.
14752	1	, key factor in the conservation of the freshwater fish populations. the aims of this study wil
7220	4	abundant and very often in contact with human populations, seabirds have always been operated o  accessible to men. the objective of our research proposal is to identify the conservation statu  e regularly poached without sustainable management method. still others are the basis of a reas  birds in the region while improving the living conditions of coastal populations, particularly
13751	3	mance in those habitats are crucial for population dynamics and the understanding of how animal  ology but also for the understanding of population dynamics and how animals vary in space and t  on is increasingly important today when human activities and environmental change may result in
14897	1	ty conservation as the basis to prepare management tools to be transferred to the epo of the pr
2159	3	conflicts around designation of nature conservation areas are seldom founded on disagreement a  work, especially between biologists and social sciences. a broad spectrum of theoretical approa  tween biologists and social sciences. a broad spectrum of theoretical approaches is needed in o
7471	3	by delivering dissemination tools which policy makers and conservation managers can convenientl  . wp5 will provide a knowledge pack and information leaflets, translated into the main european  ortal and will be guided by an end-user advisory group, who will oversee the development of the
6942	7	different distribution types. the main basic research questions are: - can we justify the taxo   of the t. prevostianus - t. danubialis mitochondrial gene-tree - how large is the intraspecifi   of bythinella pannonica, where are the hot spots' of this diversity, are there divergent intra  h was launched in 2005 by the hungarian natural history museum and it has some connecting point  t international projects. introducing a graduate student into conservation biology and molecula  e student into conservation biology and molecular phylogenetics contributes to the growth of th  netics contributes to the growth of the research community. considering that two of the species
13529	3	such programs should be designed. this research program aims at producing scientific informati   of three critically endangered swedish freshwater fish species . analyses of new and previousl  ion structure, monitoring of changes in genetic variation, detection of hybridization and inbre
225	3	maintaining genetic diversity belongs to the most important aspects  st important aspects in conservation of endangered species. on the other hand, species consist    value since it enables to plan further conservation measures for these species. secondly, the
9916	3	an essential tool in the management of endangered species such as the green turtle . in order   ement of endangered species such as the green turtle . in order to refine this analysis, we wil  describe genetic structure and quantify gene flow within and among african populations. we will
14829	6	the genetic analyses of endangered species can contribute t                  the genetic analyses of endangered species can contribute to the knowledge of t  ation, to determine the contribution of genetic factors to the probability of extinction and to   make inferences on the demographic and evolutionary processes suffered by these species. durin   test hypotheses on the demographic and evolutionary processes that affected the species in the  tic tags. finally, we will contrast the population dynamics inferred from the genetic patterns
14945	2	s such as effective population size and gene flow between populations. this genetic survey of i  her degree of protection, as from their genetic diversity and divergence.
13414	1	titled ‘community based conservation of domestic animal genetic resources’ in ankara province a
14515	3	ption of conservation as a tool to gain environmental health; clearly enhancing, also, the inte  terest of the heronry for ecoturism and local residents, since facilitates, if necessary, the u  recting measures to preserve the lake s natural resources. by carrying out an adequate program
13413	1	ivo method in lalahan central livestock research institute.
13416	1	ntitled community based conservation of domestic animal genetic resources in amasya province an
15431	1	to make distribution models of several bird species in wintering grounds of the iberian penins
13412	3	nched in 1995 by general directorate of agricultural research and lalahan livestock central res   research and lalahan livestock central research institute. within this project native black is  u in vitro at lalahan livestock central research institute and in situ at çamlıdere village in
12174	1	this research projects seeks to review current knowledge of
12561	1	ientific matters concerning whaling and whale populations in order that policy can effectively
6962	4	ogenetic methods for the conservational phylogenetic reconstruction, but it also extends our kn  cond in a phylogenetic journal and on a evolutionary biology conference. besides the scientific  e leading-edge researches at centre for plant diversity and systematics' research group at univ  re for plant diversity and systematics' research group at university of reading, and he would l
6959	14	negative effects of the human land use results in habit            negative effects of the human land use results in habitat destruction and seriously e  terest only can survive in biodiversity hot spots; others can find their habitats in degraded a  s known about their genetic background. genetic diversity, as well as species diversity has bee  tem resistance to disturbances, such as climate change, and, in certain biotopes, it has been s  een shown to provide protection against invasive species. the aim of this project is the evalua  uation of ecological, morphological and genetic diversity in biodiversity hotspots and human in  t complexes of the pannonian ecoregion. genetic diversity will be assessed by means of differen  results of this project will reveal the genetic diversity of selected endemic plants and animal  iversity of selected endemic plants and animal species characteristic of the pannonian ecoregio  the forecast the loss of ecological and genetic diversity due to intensification of land use an  tic diversity due to intensification of land use and climate change in terrestrial and aquatic    due to intensification of land use and climate change in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems wi  servation to better focus financial and human resources, and reshape, if necessary, conservatio
7711	5	the pac advance towards deregulation of agricultural markets and substitution of agricultural p  arkets and substitution of agricultural price supports by direct aid. criticized for its cost t  aries of the markets, the pac is on the hot seat. intensive production models, which has specia  opments planned, the orientation of the operating systems to the production of public goods tha  ciplinarity and european comparisons of operating systems and agricultural policies
14654	2	ments with the cuckoo and its host will take place in their natural habitat, and those with the  o and its host will take place in their natural habitat, and those with the pin-tailed whydah a
2526	7	ffects of petroleum hydrocarbons in the marine ecosystem. this allows for the simultaneous anal  of the combined impact of fisheries and petroleum industry activities on the marine ecosystem w  nd petroleum industry activities on the marine ecosystem with the potential to include other pe   experts in ecology, ecotoxicology, and risk assessment from 16 institutes and 8 nations. it is  om 16 institutes and 8 nations. it is a follow-up to an industry financed project to create the  uncil of norway, together with matching financial support from one end-user community, initiate  m one end-user community, initiates the first step of this three step process: system construct
7103	5	g on the organization and regulation of rural areas at the interface of biodiversity conservati   areas at the interface of biodiversity conservation issues and development of agriculture. the  e address the political, scientific and technological innovation process, paying particular att   working on the interaction between our social science research and management of wolf populati  g the issues of interaction between our social science research and management of wolf populati
10436	1	resources within the context of generic conceptual models for which new hypotheses have been de
2014	2	tropical forests are astonishingly rich in tree species  s. this may be inadequate, because most tropical forest tree species are dispersed by frugivoro
12348	2	with contaminated dredged material and educational campaign. to assess the current state of th  ntaminated dredged material and collate case studies of best practice. task: identify best prac
12611	4	he relative economic, environmental and social costs and benefits may or may not be suitable to  on contaminated land, rather than using heavy engineering solutions. for example, land use rest  avy engineering solutions. for example, land use restrictions might be applied to ensure a site  ded benefits in terms of costs or wider environmental impacts they could bring. this will be us
10622	3	produce or they can vary the amount of parental care they provide to the two sexes. research h  . research has focused on the amount of parental care parents provide to different sexed offspr   male and female parents adopt the same investment strategy.
11027	2	cing biotic response on a global scale. short term ecological data have only been accumulating   ng regional changes of modern caribbean coral reef systems.
11070	1	flux of carbon occurring directly from plant roots and indirectly from closely associated micr
10404	3	d the extent to which it is mediated by soil conditions, such as physical and chemical properti   a series of mesocosms in which defined plant communities of known genetic and species composit   - a natural and easily distinguishable carbon isotope - to enable us to quantify the amount of
7534	1	uences to deduce apparentements between host plants. the phylogeny of the sequences present in
7381	1	he role of transposable elements in the genetic diversity of maize and its evolution will be ev
7414	2	eral decades, a significant decrease in pollinating insects is observed. the honeybee is partic   essential to maintaining the bee. this research project proposes firstly to diagnose spatiotem
12758	1	improve the conservation status of the hen harrier in the english uplands
12714	3	be managed for defra by the sustainable development programme officer based in the embassy in b  f the brazilian protected areas for the national economy in order to help better integrating co   brazilian government to understand the economic benefits of investing in the establishment of
14639	1	in-protein interactions in the proposed experimental models in relation to their influence in t
12720	1	ssment of the condition of biodiversity action plan priority woodland sites and annex 1 types a
15224	3	d in subsequent years for this or other research groups. finally, provide a comprehensive annex  ensive annex of recommended methods for population control, in detail in reference to food habi  o food habits of each species, types of life cycles . in this connection, it will generate a bi
14888	2	he named inhalants or aeroallergens, as pollen grains, fungi spores, mites of the dust or feath  y by scanning electronic microscope the pollen grains and other particles present in the sample
15483	8	our understanding of evolution through natural selection and it is a much debated topic in evo  ction and it is a much debated topic in evolutionary biology. cooperative breeding occurs when   litate other forms of cooperation among group members that may in turn boost the benefits of gr  ial relationships and cooperation among group members outside the context of breeding has been    on several forms of cooperation in the carrion crow corvus corone, where helping behaviour at   the nest has been deeply studied by our research group in the last few years. this project will   over competition in several aspects of social life in the crows. specifically, we will test wh  ehaviour during foraging and the use of alarm calls to warn other individuals about possible da
11322	1	e activities than others answering this intriguing question is one of the key challenges facing
11144	8	a fundamental and persistent problem in evolutionary biology. natural selection is expected to   istent problem in evolutionary biology. natural selection is expected to select for selfish beh  er and to do less themselves. hence, in social groups, cooperative behaviour will be vulnerable   such as fish stocks or failure to curb carbon emissions are obvious examples. an extensive the  ent. 2. when individuals must achieve a good reputation through cooperation in order to maximis  weaver of southern africa to test these alternative hypotheses for resolution of a tragedy of t  d most importantly, this study will use field observations and experiments to test whether a tr  tudy will have broad relevance across a wide range of disciplines.
10315	13	ich could potentially replace dwindling fish catches elsewhere. it helps stabilise the global c  tches elsewhere. it helps stabilise the global climate by absorbing greenhouse gases and it sup  abilise the global climate by absorbing greenhouse gases and it supplies some of the key nutrie  e is strong evidence that risk posed by climate change is more severe and imminent for the sout  n ocean ecosystem than almost any other marine ecosystem. this threatens the ecosystem s abilit   benefits it provides. this requires an international effort to bring together scientists with   ping closer coordination with other key international bodies. activities addressing the second   f knowledge on environmental change and biological responses, and produce initial projections o   and produce initial projections of the biological response to climate change. the second works  ojections of the biological response to climate change. the second workshop, for which we are r  efforts to predict how the structure of food webs responds to change and produce projections of  o change and produce projections of how food webs might change in future. these workshops shoul  nable fisheries management. we are at a critical point in the development of iced, where we nee
7453	3	onmental limits of microbial, plant and animal life and the novel strategies employed for survi  ing the possibilities for life on other planetary bodies. these environments are also a rich so  dialogue with other science areas, with funding agencies, with industrial groups and with inter
7515	1	pulations of dusky groupers, iconic and endangered species of the mediterranean, in a dual obje
13821	3	as are developed further in a series of experimental studies on young brown trout and salmon. p  series of experimental studies on young brown trout and salmon. part 1: we investigate how fami  ed in simple habitats will show reduced brain development, lower capacity to perform complex fo
11587	3	ystems . this project also represents a unique opportunity, to more fully utilise a nerc oceans  ogram with the additional collection of acoustic sonar backscatter, visual observations of seab  er, visual observations of seabirds and marine mammals, vocalisations of cetaceans, fishery obs
11564	2	nificantly affected by local and global human activities into biodiversity-ecosystem functionin  o biodiversity-ecosystem functioning in marine sediments.
2483	16	tropical coral reefs are the most diverse and complex marine hab   reefs are the most diverse and complex marine habitats on earth. no other environment is host   e time, biological knowledge about most coral reef fishes is scant. this is unfortunate, especi  , biological knowledge about most coral reef fishes is scant. this is unfortunate, especially i  ght of the fact that 60% of the world's coral reefs are at risk from human activity. we current  he world's coral reefs are at risk from human activity. we currently do not understand why cora  ity. we currently do not understand why coral reef fishes are typically so colourful. tradition  e currently do not understand why coral reef fishes are typically so colourful. traditionally,   . traditionally, the view has been that reef fish colours are selected mainly for species recog   groups, has largely been neglected for coral reef fishes. unlike species recognition and other  s, has largely been neglected for coral reef fishes. unlike species recognition and other hypot  t will test these ideas, by integrating field studies, laboratory experiments, and comparative   se ideas, by integrating field studies, laboratory experiments, and comparative analyses. the p   marine fishes, australian expertise in reef fish ecology and physiology, and british expertise  work will be conducted at lizard island research station, australia, using the black-and-gold c  and on published data, covering several reef fish taxa, and will have its base at imperial coll
13407	1	rent regions of turkey and they send to gene bank of turkey.
10653	3	lies are an intriguing study object for evolutionary biology, because unrelated lineages have a   studies it is well known that a single genetic locus controls the expression of different morp  rol functions on a molecular level. the first step is to obtain more information about the regu
11274	4	the vertebrate inner ear is a complex structure that incorporates the   ing of an organism: unsurprisingly, the inner ears of living vertebrates have been studied inte   have been investigated thoroughly. the soft tissues are housed in bony structures that form pa  nt of new anatomical information on the inner ears of living reptiles and birds, which will be
10073	5	ly associated. a classic example is the trade-off between reproduction and longevity in fruitfl  ction and longevity in fruitflies. this trade-off is thought to exist because food resources ar   the mechanisms underlying life-history trade-offs in male and female fruitflies. the recent re   nerc s remit in promoting high quality basic research and training. the research will be based  cale. the outputs will be high quality, basic research, dissemination of the results and resear
10635	11	ring adulthood. in species that provide parental care offspring are usually reared together in   velopment takes place. however, because parental care is costly to parents , which affects the   e-history traits and behaviours such as growth rates, clutch size, sexual attractiveness and be  ich is determined by the relatedness of family members and the availability of key resources in  sequences of conflict. previous work on zebra finches by the author showed that, although recei  tress, which occurs when high levels of free radicals, which are by-products of normal metaboli  high levels of free radicals, which are by-products of normal metabolic processes, cause damage  tection against the damaging effects of free radicals. an important component of total antioxid  antioxidant availability determines the trade-off between self-maintenance and investment in gr  cted at the institute of biological and life sciences at the university of glasgow, using zebra  ces at the university of glasgow, using zebra finches taeniopygia guttata as a model species.
10229	4	ness as adults. in species that provide parental care dependent young are often reared together  h and development takes place. however, parental care is costly and parents often initially ove  e supply of parental investment amongst family members. the amount of resources provided by par  mprove environment through compensatory resource allocation this work will highlight key select
178	2	a is oxidative stress accompanied with immune responses energetically costly, b is oxidative s  duction is responsible for the costs of immune response, d whether and how oxidative stress aff
11436	1	t the maintenance and activation of the immune system is costly. however, recent studies sugges
12598	3	ver materials has almost ceased but the growing media industry is still heavily dependent on pe  by the industry to move to reduced peat growing media and peat-free formulations where possible  within the industry will be approached: growing media manufacturers, retailers . the informatio
12667	7	assessment of the status, condition and long term trends in broad habitats, landscape features,   component of the evidence base for the natural resource protection programme and supports poli  ustainable development, uk biodiversity action plan, cap reform, agri-environment schemes, envi  , cap reform, agri-environment schemes, environmental impact assessment, air pollution impacts,  hemes, environmental impact assessment, air pollution impacts, water framework directive, soil    framework directive, soil strategy and climate change programme. new methods of data collectio  limate change programme. new methods of data collection and analysis will be developed and appl
10042	3	y important species and assume that the conservation measures also protect other components of   es that many species can complete their life cycle in the area preserved. an alternative paradi  are subject to management intervention. coral reefs of the western atlantic provide an exceptio
7195	3	fication and abandonment, have led to a significant change in biodiversity, common bird populat  nificant change in biodiversity, common bird populations are particularly affected. this erosio  ractions between types and intensity of farming practices and abundance of common birds are com
10726	8	brought to the attention of the world s scientific community only two years after publication o  ng approach. in some respects we know a good deal about archaeopteryx. it is the most basal bir  l, wings with asymmetrical, aerodynamic flight feathers but clawed hands, an elongated tail and  p, or did it live in the trees could it run up tree trunks flapping its wings like partridges d  id it live in the trees could it run up tree trunks flapping its wings like partridges do are c   its feeding behaviour, ecology and the selective pressures driving cranial evolution. the aim   y of cranial bone, force exerted by the adductor muscles and use ct scans to accurately reconst  sulting information can be used to make extinct animal fe-models as rigorous as possible based
7495	1	e a microbial observatory mediterranean north-west, a collection of microorganisms and a databa
14427	5	animal experiments are essential part of modern biomedi   public preasure for humane tratment of laboratory animals, governmental regulations and the es  es and technology the use of animals in biomedical research is expected to grow and reach 100.0  esearchers from medical, veterinary and biological research institutions the opportunity to per  opportunity to perform state-of-the-art animal experiments. further if funded this project shal
10508	1	nomists and taxonomy end-users from the natural history museum, royal botanic gardens kew and i
10509	1	nomists and taxonomy end-users from the natural history museum, royal botanic gardens kew and i
10706	1	nomists and taxonomy end-users from the natural history museum, royal botanic gardens kew and i
11007	1	nomists and taxonomy end-users from the natural history museum, royal botanic gardens kew and i
515	4	r research aims to understand how these control mechanisms for a wolf population in france conn  the interaction between our research in social sciences and the managers of wolf populations, a  ction questions between our research in social sciences and the management of wolf populations   anagement of wolf populations is a very important element in our approach. the aim is to experi
229	1	ater properties compile sd handbook and training courses. the new sd is result of cooperation o
11455	2	to nanomicron scale, and by controlled laboratory experiments. the final objective is to explo  on mars: rounded pebbles plus iron rich mineral phases, laid down in a high-energy, poorly-oxyg
1927	1	etermine the potential for manipulating crop diversity as a means of introducing antagonistic m
6895	5	h mutant have recently been reported as live vaccines capable of eliciting an efficient immune   cines capable of eliciting an efficient immune response against not only the homologous, but he  equently, antigenity of conserved outer membrane proteins is elevated resulting in the producti  encoding lps-synthesis as well as their gene products are well characterized, we aim to constru  be selected and further investigated as live vaccine candidates.
444	1	atic grid made of 15500 2x2 km squares. biodiversity indicators were provided by the french bre
7160	4	a such as the opening of the landscape, urban sprawl of the agricultural landscape, agricultura  namic data confrontation regarding both bird populations and land use structures will make proj  ion regarding both bird populations and land use structures will make projections to assess the   projections under scenarios of various urban development. the same type of approach will be us
10239	1	s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by
10748	1	s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by
10750	1	s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by
11717	1	s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by
11036	5	. although these countries do have vast oil reserves . the objective of this research is to und  tively significant in the conversion of crude oil to methane and what factors dictate their act  n to assess the geochemical controls on crude oil biodegradation in petroleum reservoirs on geo  ey can convert oil to methane and other end products, information that can ultimately be used t  ely be used to predict the behaviour of crude oil in a range of environments.
11337	5	crab gecarcoidea natalis is an endemic land crab on christmas island determining the role of m  ormone physiology to field ecology. the molecular biology will be related through field work to  lecular biology will be related through field work to the natural circumstances and behaviour.   alue. they are a primary determinant of rain forest structure and crucial in post-mining rehabi  d and its economy. through liaison with national parks this project will continue our input int
10138	2	ices. the basal regions of glaciers and ice sheets are a prime example of such environments. he   autonomous sensing platform for a deep ice sheet deployment.
7506	1	unicellular algae play a vital role in the ecology of the planet, and, due to th
14950	4	aggregate of ursus arctos in the world. germplasm banks could be a solution for species surviva  shment, sperm cryopreservation plays an important role. thus, we propose the development and va  idation of an effective methodology for brown bear sperm cryopreservation. the assisted reprodu  r the correct sperm cryopreservation in brown bear ejaculates. first of all, we propose the eva
7539	1	nd the location of mother plants on the survival rate of latent buds cryopreserved
9867	2	a good model system for studying these evolutionary processes in the wild. the cuckoo is a fam  ch will improve our understanding of co-evolutionary processes, revealing how adaptations at on
10593	2	ween species often involve evolutionary arms races, eg. improvements in strategies of attack by  o is a famous cheat: it relies on other bird species learning by cuckoos: we have discovered th
10059	7	s arise during evolution is currently a hot topic in biology. in particular, there is great int  ticular, there is great interest in the genetic changes that underlie adaptations. this is impo  e, this is a very favourable system for genetic analysis since the genetic basis of the skin co  well understood in vertebrates. in this pilot study we propose to use next-generation sequencin  olour variation based on differences in gene expression and sequence variation. the identificat  quence variation. the identification of strong candidate loci for the coloration difference whi  at use to the considerable community of evolutionary biologists working on cuckoos. we will als
2473	7	al interest since they are used against gastric ulcer in mali and they form parts of formulatio  of formulations frequently used against gastric ulcer registered as improved traditional medici  st gastric ulcer registered as improved traditional medicines a large proportion of the populat   ailment, and it is of interest for the health department of mali, with department of tradition   department of mali, with department of traditional medicine as the active part, to ensure avai  s based on the malian resources against gastric ulcer. the main objectives are structure/activi  m malian anti-ulcer plants coupled with animal studies of the bioactive polymers and cultivatio
11387	2	norfolk broads saw a shift from a clear water system dominated by charophytes, macrophytes and   cological benefit and design options. a risk assessment will be made relating to the spreading
2542	5	and actions of different stakeholders - local populations, governments, local authorities and e  lders - local populations, governments, local authorities and environmental ngos . using long-t  munities in northern norway to tropical rain forests, from savannahs and mountain pastures to i  tain pastures to industrial farming and urban sprawls in order to ascertain how people diagnose  lytic approach will address a number of central issues in recent debates in environmental anthr
12200	1	with existing landscape monitoring and research projects vi.be consistent with the european la
15522	3	and net primary production at a higher spatial resolution requires knowledge of the factors wh  e to reduced water availability owed to global warming, which is further enhanced by increased   e stand level due to the recent lack of forest management. specifically, the four objectives of
15056	1	of biofilms from rivers, through three different approaches: to analyze the cyanobacterial bio
9908	2	ta suggests that horizontal transfer of genetic information is important both in the generation   the generation and maintenance of this genetic diversity. we have also shown that about 60% of
13792	2	or cell respiration, the main source of energy production in eukaryotes. selection is strong fo  nderstanding reproductive isolation and genetic diversity in natural populations.
13316	5	tions, and warn of new sightings; and c risk assessments that predict the likelihood of a parti  on. such a programmes should provide: a warning system to alert regional managers an inventory    europe european invasive alien species information system: descriptions of all naturalized ali   known to be invasive in europe species distribution maps and spatial analysis: distribution ma  distribution maps and spatial analysis: distribution maps of all invasive alien species in euro
10304	3	ely increased volume of data across the biological sciences, including on the biology of organi  of genes is generated by well-resourced research communities. if we want to study the genetics   ree nerc-funded projects. combining the data analyses from these separate projects is an effici
12565	2	th the aim of developing an appropriate research programme to quantify the effects in salmonid   ntify the effects in salmonid and other freshwater fish populations.
11038	3	raceae family into a publicly available online resource for the asteraceae research community.   able online resource for the asteraceae research community. this will add around 11,000 sequenc  mmonality/divergence between asteraceae family members.
10947	2	t the embryo and juvenile stages of the life cycle using an observational and hypothesis testin  ome sequence to identify orthologues of gene loci involved in muscle growth in mammals. computa
12253	1	more readily known and available to the research community for possible additional uses.
12237	8	n and flexibility necessary to inform a wide range of policy questions now and for the future.   d pest levels and agronomic practice in winter wheat and winter oilseed rape. the databases gen  mic practice in winter wheat and winter oilseed rape. the databases generated currently hold up  ence of pests and diseases on wheat and oilseed rape. the monitoring initiatives will be contin  istically robust source of evidence for policy making which aims to mitigate the impacts of cro   key resource for monitoring impacts of climate change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator  continue existing collaborations with a wide range of defra and levy funded research and indust  mples or data to support monitoring for food safety, development and validation of models for d
12427	2	raining will provide a high standard of data collection, the development of a new database will  roject will enable the mcs to carry out data collection independently, to a higher quality and
11150	3	radiocarbon dating replaced them, and the age of the ea   thought by many to be made by incoming modern humans, are three such problems. we aim to contr  ncluding human bone, cutmarked bone and diagnostic tools and ornaments. the sites come from ger
10302	10	cave art is one of the few sources of archaeological in  to discussions of cultural responses to climate change. while its specific meaning will probabl  one of the core regions of palaeolithic cave paintings and engravings, the iberian peninsula. t  sed pigments, and the majority of early rock paintings are either engravings with no pigments,   gs are directly on, or are overlain by, calcium carbonate deposits similar to stalagmites and s  at measures the ratio of uranium to its radioactive decay product thorium. thus a minimum or ma  ecay product thorium. thus a minimum or maximum age can be calculated for the art, and by measu  itions from warm to cold periods in the run up to the last glacial maximum have been revealed b  t glacial maximum have been revealed by marine sediment and ice cores. we will compare the freq   hypothesis that the intensification of artistic expression in caves was a social response to a
9928	3	t internal nodes. this may represent an adaptive radiation prompted by the key innovation of pl  bilities presented by the appearance of major orders of core eudicots in the mid to late cretac  l then allow us to explore the possible evolutionary processes involved. gene sequence data are
11681	2	hominid found in africa and became the type specimen of australopithecus africanus. mining act  ca, thereby improving the chronology of human evolution in africa, and the methods will be refi
13788	7	forest management and fire suppression cause significan  t management and fire suppression cause significant changes in the chemical and structural prop  hanges in deadwood properties may imply significant changes in its decomposition rate, which af  ich affects the total co2 emission from forest ecosystems. in fact, preliminary studies suggest  s that are rare or declining in managed boreal forests, and whether forestry-induced changes in  elevance for carbon dynamics in managed boreal forests, and may increase our understanding of w  ervation, management and restoration of boreal forests.
10172	1	preserved to provide information about plant communities from the past, however, under some ci
11080	7	has a large random component. firstly, genetic diversity present within an ancestral species i  mescales, such indirect inferences from genomic data are often the only way to study the proces  ure and geographic separation. finally, gene flow or introgression between nascent species may   ng time and the amount and direction of gene flow between them directly and exactly from genomi   between them directly and exactly from genomic data. these methods will be applied to genomic    data. these methods will be applied to genomic data from three island species of drosophila: d  articular, we do not know how important gene flow during or after divergence has been. the new
10646	6	ends in climate variability and to test climate models used to predict future climate change. d  t climate models used to predict future climate change. detailed reconstruction of lead-lag rel  links between regions in the context of global climate change. here we use an annually laminate  etween regions in the context of global climate change. here we use an annually laminated sedim  examine timings and rates of key abrupt climate changes across the lateglacial and early holoce  significant interest and benefit to the scientific community of geologists and climatologists.
13856	7	fluence both in regulating contemporary bird populations and in determining avian life history   rd populations and in determining avian life history variation between species. however, nest p  ong influence on bird numbers and avian life history evolution. rapid changes of predation rate  pulations of willow- parus montanus and crested tits parus cristatus. in general, however, the   linking predation and habitat change to population dynamics remain to be understood. in this pr  st sites, predator protective cover and food supply through forest thinning for reproductive su  s context, i will explore the effect of life history traits on the ability of individuals among
11823	9	elopment, is pivotal to unravelling the evolutionary history of animals, and how changes to pat   of embryological data preserved in the fossil record. the outlook for evolutionary biology and  d in the fossil record. the outlook for evolutionary biology and for palaeontology was changed   l evolution at this critical episode of evolutionary history, but it is largely unrealised beca  ssils will be aided by analysis using a high resolution version of a medical ct scanner, which   dical ct scanner, which is powered by a particle accelerator and allows us to analyse the 3d an   internal structure, based on a virtual computer model. this allows us to analyse details of an  h of a millimetre, revealing details of cell movements and even sub-cellular structure that are  tal and most-debated episodes in animal evolutionary history: the establishment of the modern a
1993	13	recent climate warming has been shown to advance the seasonal   shown to advance the seasonal timing of life cycle events, such as budding of trees and egg lay   decoupling of trophic relationships in food webs and subsequent cascading effects on community   community structure. for the timing of life cycle events, such as emergence, moulting and sexu  ment for their reproduction and growth. climate warming may change the validity of the proxies   production and growth 2 could projected climate warming invalidate the use of these proxies and  eractions 3 can adaptation to projected climate warming maintain or restore trophic interaction   restore trophic interactions the short generation time of the aquatic species and the availabi  tcome of our studies will be useful for decision makers, as it contributes to assessing the env  ers, as it contributes to assessing the environmental impact of projected climate change in aqu  g the environmental impact of projected climate change in aquatic systems. the anticipated resu  on the risk of cascading effects due to climate change and the potential for adaptation to rest  the potential for adaptation to restore food web links.
7302	3	s urgent the identification of the most endangered species and risk factors. island avifauna ha  tion of the most endangered species and risk factors. island avifauna have strongly suffered fr  ve strongly suffered from the impact of invasive species. this project, which includes the cons
12033	4	ity of chemosynthetic ecosystems in the deep ocean discovered since 1977, the ecosystems associ  reduced chemicals on oceanic ridges and continental margins are characterized by biological fea   geological corridors and frontiers, by current transport and the presence of transient habitat  presence of transient habitats, rich in organic matter relationships between trophic network co
12336	2	he deep-sea to assist in redefining the top levels of the eunis habitat classification scheme.    this work will aid the regional marine conservation zone projects in the identification of mcz
12464	2	ctivity is the operating economy of the fishing fleet and simultaneous minimisation of fishing    fleet and simultaneous minimisation of fishing fleet determined.
12465	1	ent objectives. it seeks to provide the decision maker with the information on which to base a
7677	10	ecome a high-profile debate amongst the international community, illustrating the difficulty in  measures for global fisheries. atlantic bluefin tuna are the archetype of overfishing and gener   characterize the majority of fisheries management problems: severe overcapacity, open access i  nagement problems: severe overcapacity, open access in international waters, high market value,  ms: severe overcapacity, open access in international waters, high market value, and deficient   en access in international waters, high market value, and deficient governance at both the inte  pment of several management options for bluefin tuna using classical and innovative techniques,  l be developed that simulates realistic population dynamics of bluefin tuna and several managem  ulates realistic population dynamics of bluefin tuna and several management options developed p   sustainable exploitation of a valuable natural resource.
1952	6	function of incubation behavior in the great tit, with the aim to integrate this knowledge in   ch is to link behavioral decisions on a short time base to the time budget, the energy balance   short time base to the time budget, the energy balance and fitness consequences. we will 1 expe  ubation in a latitudinal range of other great tit populations. to achieve this goal we will use  f incubation both using measurements of oxygen consumption, doubly labeled water and a heated a  y labeled water and a heated artificial brood patch. experimental manipulation of the thermal e
11217	2	in environments, may have a distinctive base composition. are often carried on mobile genetic e  omposition. are often carried on mobile genetic elements, and may be more readily transferred b
11192	1	st, or is a hindrance by exposing it to solar radiation when it has left the insect. utilising
11440	16	is event is known as the permo-triassic mass extinction and was the greatest calamity that ever  that ever befell life on this planet. a wide range of theories have been put forward to explain  n that an unusually large outpouring of volcanic rock, called the siberian traps occurred at al  of large volumes of gases, particularly sulphur dioxide. the other well-documented event that c  ides with the extinction is the loss of dissolved oxygen from the ocean. it is bacteria that ca  e in oxygen as they use it to decompose organic matter and when the oxygen supply in the water   o decompose organic matter and when the oxygen supply in the water runs out other types of bact   of these sulphate-reducing bacteria is hydrogen sulphide, the smelly gas also produced in rott  ans dropped drastically just before the mass extinction whilst the amount of hydrogen sulphide   he mass extinction whilst the amount of hydrogen sulphide rose dramatically. this was converted   mixing of the oceans may have released hydrogen sulphide to the atmosphere. both sulphur dioxi  drogen sulphide to the atmosphere. both sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide can produce harmf  he atmosphere. both sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide can produce harmful effects on plants  oxide and hydrogen sulphide can produce harmful effects on plants and animals, either indirectl  hur was around, prior to and during the mass extinction event. we will also measure its stable   bacterial sources. when compared to the fossil record of plants and animals also present in the
12682	1	to provide an agreed definition of this habitat type to aid ‘identification on the ground’; det
7638	1	of viable populations in the short and long term, ii adapt them if necessary, iii initiate the
11739	2	ron backscatter diffraction, a scanning electron microscope based method that allows quantitati  data from experimental calibrations and field studies to constrain the conditions and rates of
12246	3	oilseed rape to the osr r&d and breeding community, tog   associated information to enable rapid genetic analysis of sustainability traits. 4. to charac  ctions in the context of adaptations to climate change and model predicted
12264	1	vement network will be established, and genetic maps established for pulse crop species.
12637	4	ill be assessed within the soil natural capital stocks and soil ecosystem services framework, a  h half of england’s farmers having seen soil erosion on their land, which costs british agricul  annually to the cost of supplying clean drinking water to our homes. moreover, the annual cost   nking water to our homes. moreover, the annual cost of flooding due to soil degradation has bee
11113	5	degradation of complex dissolved organic matter . this project will elucidate changes in  accharide composition during sequential organic matter breakdown. in this context the role of p  to biodegradation and biavailability of organic matter. the results of this research project wi   of organic matter. the results of this research project will benefit scientists investigating   iety, pressure of coastal resources and climate change.
164	1	natural environmental factors . all these systems will be analy
12222	3	processes, which focus on rationalising pesticide use and minimising diffuse pollution. the fir  e: weed manager, wheat disease manager, oilseed rape manager - pests and diseases. the decision  that requires member states to set up a comprehensive system for advising farmers on land and f
11328	1	glaciers and ice sheets are one of the least explored parts of the e
11594	1	glaciers and ice sheets are one of the least explored parts of the e
12449	2	tive: determine the stages in the early life history during which cod and haddock suffer differ  with mortality at early stages plays an important role in controlling the recovery potential of
14598	5	chromosomal markers in combination with capillary electrophoresis. this is a methodological str   economically viable for application in human population studies. its application in the analys  types from strs-snps is examined. these high resolution haplotypes were defined after the combi  spain, and is presented as an extensive pilot study which may be applied to other human populat  lot study which may be applied to other human populations. the main objective of this study was
7514	1	n the pre- breeding devices maintaining genetic diversity, changes in selected character and im
15106	1	s one of the underlying factors driving plant evolution in mediterranean-type ecosystems. in th
15107	1	s one of the underlying factors driving plant evolution in mediterranean-type ecosystems. in th
15490	1	andard of results dissemination through scientific journals, presentations at congresses and co
541	6	d the way environmental variability and climate change have affected and will affect ecosystems  ogether french researchers working with long term data collected on individually marked animals   marked animals to study the effects of climate change on a range of vertebrate populations and  ogists, organise a workshop and support field studies. several analyses on a series of vertebra  le and small-scale climatic factors and population dynamics. in addition the climpop group has    a major methodological paper reviewing statistical models and procedures to study the influenc
7126	8	pop aircon working group brings together several french teams with  r vertebrates living in terrestrial and marine environments. the goal is to bring these teams o  sis to compare the potential effects of climate change on vertebrates with contrasting life his   change on vertebrates with contrasting life history traits and live in environments different.  ents different. as part of the call for research proposals of the ifb we want to answer two que  r groups are more likely than others to climate change according to their population strategy,   ops that will bring together the entire air conditioning pop group and the best european specia  ng together the entire air conditioning pop group and the best european specialists
7187	1	rance specific or special adaptation of life history traits, also remains capable of establishi
15160	2	many spanish research groups have used demographic and population mo  nt biological models and with different scientific questions. the project is based then on thre
2118	2	socio-economically important non-timber tropical forest products – the brazil nut. these nuts a  chanisms of brazil nut regeneration and population dynamics under natural conditions. this will
14578	3	of the present project is to study the population dynamics of the brown seaweed fucus serratus  ll compare the vital rates of different local populations along the distributional range of fuc  anish shores . additionally, a study of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of popula
15197	10	the nesting beaches of the loggerhead sea turtle caretta caretta in the north atlantic can be   in three units precisely identified by genetic markers: north-america and the caribbean, cape   e juvenile foraging grounds. loggerhead sea turtles are highly vulnerable to incidental catch i  ng pressure and the juvenile loggerhead sea turtles occurring in the mediterranean have a much    mediterranean have a much lower annual survival rate that those inhabiting the atlantic. the h  e western mediterranean and the spanish fishing fleet is known to be the main responsible for t  hat fishing effort. recent studies with genetic markers have demonstrated that large numbers of  trated that large numbers of loggerhead sea turtles from florida occur in the fishing grounds u  d sea turtles from florida occur in the fishing grounds used by the spanish long-line fleet in   release rate of mortality of loggerhead sea turtles in the western mediterranean is 30%, but th
1990	5	man society with high costs in terms of public health and in damage to agricultural crops. over  r 60 years ago haldane pointed out that infectious diseases have the capacity to bring about ra   have the capacity to bring about rapid evolutionary change and genetic polymorphism of affecte  l conditions are rare, even exceptional gene flow from the lake sediment. temperature in the la   fungus, and this in itself could steer clonal selection. a large viable population of host dia
12772	3	ents and contaminants responsible for a wide range of off-site environmental problems in aquati  esponsible for a wide range of off-site environmental problems in aquatic habitats. it is there  concomitant need to off-set the loss of set-aside, as well as the need to support policy on agr
11651	3	the negative relationship between population growth rate that concave-up relationships be  egative relationship between population growth rate that concave-up relationships between pgr a  ity are to be expected for species with life histories like those of fish and insects, concave-
2094	2	e of populations and hence the units of population dynamics. however, the mechanism behind and   e evaluated against a third large-scale field study that examine the importance of local vs. po
7672	2	the world wide population will live in urban areas. while public, urban plannings are per se p  will live in urban areas. while public, urban plannings are per se predictable; their consequen
15511	1	aim of this proposal is to describe the signaling pathways that regulate the formation of body
10764	3	ramics dating from the neolithic to the iron age is changing our perception of the origins of d  f ancient proteins on both ceramics and stone tools. we are increasingly using analytical scien   of sites and periods from neolithic to iron age.
7105	3	blic action in favor of biodiversity in rural areas is part of the issues identified in 1992 by  al, strategies, systems, regulatory and financial instruments were broken down. since 2005, the  . since 2005, the national biodiversity strategy calls for accelerating the process, with a com
7706	3	of european agriculture is to reconcile agricultural production for various uses with respect f  ut above that of pesticides. . finally, production costs will be analyzed in the same way that   y and agroecology three institutions of higher education in agronomy and agriculture toulouse,
12626	16	soil erosion in england and wales was not considered to  d and wales was not considered to be an environmental problem until the 1970s. since then, a si   problem until the 1970s. since then, a significant amount of research has been conducted at a   unt of research has been conducted at a wide range of locations in england and wales to quantif  f these studies underline the fact that soil erosion rates may not be high, the consensus in th  the consensus in the literature is that soil erosion in england and wales often occurs at an ac  ent techniques have been used to assess soil erosion in england and wales. these include: direc   of erosion features through surveying, remote sensing and aerial photography of the extent of    catchments to observe erosion, tracing soil erosion using geochemical and radionuclide analysi  ia detailed monitoring studies on small catchment areas. what is now required is a synthesis of  hesis of all the information describing soil erosion in england and wales and a framework that    objectives to improve understanding of soil erosion in england and wales and to develop a way   and to develop a way forward to monitor soil erosion. objective one will be to deliver an in-de  y world-leading experts in the field of soil erosion, who have already contributed dozens of re  ed dozens of research papers describing soil erosion in england and wales to the research liter  a consensus as to how we should monitor soil erosion in the future. objective two will bring to
12586	3	itoring information is required to help policy makers understand the current state of the envir  to show how we are meeting national and international laws and agreements for protection the en  t and implementation of future soil and environmental policy by providing evidence on the state
12401	3	rioritise key ecosystem services in the marine environment and identify associated drivers for   most likely changes in the state of the marine environment on an annual or 5-yearly basis up to  arly basis up to 2030 starting from the base year 2007/08.  objective 5 – describe a framework/
12770	1	ction 78 of the natural environment and rural communities act 2006 defra authorises natural eng
11563	5	everything that we consume leaves a chemical signal in our bones, which is a record of what  an use this signal in the bones of past human populations to find out about their dietary habit  h or stress, can subtly influence these chemical signals, known as stable isotopic values. in p  . we will test our hypothesis on modern red deer, using a population in which we have already s  rogen isotopic values in archaeological human populations could relate to pregnancy/lactation r
10861	3	decay columns develop in less that one growing season. these decay columns are much longer tha   but only develop overtly when the high water content is removed. we want to test the hypothesi   method of placing wood chips onto agar culture media, presumably because propagules have not b
11190	1	ns of the oceans using high performance-liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation - mass sp
14906	4	n that facilitates the contamination of drinking water and food. the aims of the present resear  water and food. the aims of the present research project are to detect and molecular characteri  a of galicia, in order to determine the host range, the existence of new or previously describe   and their possible repercussion in the public health.
15202	2	nile state, the introduction of massive date palm to the canarian archipelago, and a poor manag  m. besides, there are not studies about gene flow within or among natural populations, as well
15460	3	acrididae. our aim is 1 to analyse the genetic diversity in relation to population size and vi  o deep into the effects of dispersal on genetic diversity and recovery of populations 3 to reco  phenotypic variation in relation to the genetic diversity of populations. our intention is to d
15128	3	accelerated climate change and other important environmental change  system is one of the most vulnerable to climate change. the purpose of this project is to study  ell as their relevance as a response to climate change; and 4 identify phenological, physiologi
14162	9	unexplained. due to their diversity of life history strategies, exploited ecological niches an  y of life history strategies, exploited ecological niches and relative ease of achieving high s   melanin based defences in insects: the immune system and protective colouration which are link  . phenoloxidase is involved in cellular immune responses and cuticular melanin synthesis and th  is hypothesized to be caused by various trade-offs due to the multiple roles of melanins, n-lim  factor which may affect investment into immune system could be the cleanness of the food - e.g.  or never been used in this context. the trade-off hypothesis will be tested by a rearing experi  e tested by a rearing experiment with a half-sib design which allows to estimate genetic correl  y due to the increasing availability of phylogenetic trees. the hemolymph samples for immune as
11605	2	female mating rate lies at the heart of evolutionary biology, as it determines the intensity of   of sexual selection and the pattern of gene flow within and between populations. this project
9810	2	female mating rate lies at the heart of evolutionary biology, as it determines the intensity of   of sexual selection and the pattern of gene flow within and between populations. this project
15519	3	the questions addressed by ecology and evolutionary biology require a good understanding of sp  logy and evolutionary biology require a good understanding of species dispersal patterns. much    scenarios. in this proposal we use the common vole .
14538	7	layers carried out by roots may have an important role in arid ecosystems where water is a limi  ibution can be upwards , soil type, the organic matter content, the depth of water table, as we  he organic matter content, the depth of water table, as well as the type of species, functional  nd the growth season, and influence the water balance of other species. we propose carrying out  cies. we propose carrying out field and laboratory experiments, using remote sensing and geogra  field and laboratory experiments, using remote sensing and geographic information systems to an  ts, using remote sensing and geographic information systems to analyse mechanisms of hydraulic
13375	1	sistant species collected from zinc and lead mine and smelting areas were tested under growth c
13428	1	in this study commercial sea cucumber stock will be investigated between ayvalık
10968	1	n zooplankton production, examining how climate change may alter secondary production. although
10390	1	thropogenic activities have resulted in significant changes to the hydromorphology following th
11749	1	like single-celled organisms and to the physical oceanography of the region. this proposal for
12265	3	of this comes from fermentation in the digestive tracts of animals, especially ruminants, and    around 20% from anaerobic digestion in liquid manure. there are essentially three routes throu  cting key stakeholders with private and public interests in ruminant livestock breeding - could
2536	4	e oceans, or penguins marching to their breeding grounds. swarms have marveled humans since daw  her than experiments. this is changing. new technologies allow for tracking individuals, and re  ective behavior repeatedly emerges from natural selection. collective behavior is central to su   example our understanding of migrating cancer cells, management of fish populations, or herd m
12369	1	mation to enable defra to determine the economic costs and benefits to industry, regulators and
10952	3	viruses are the most abundant biological agents in aquatic environments and possibly   n the planet. algal viruses have a long evolutionary history; consequently, algal virus specifi  ry; consequently, algal virus specified biochemical pathways and processes might represent extr
12762	1	t they are an essential tool needed for pest control. previous investigations into snare use .
10837	4	many offspring to produce and how much parental care to give, the sexes instead often disagree  tead often disagree, and try to exploit one another for their own ends. examples of this sexual  ng best suits males, as they provide no parental care and thus each extra mating results in the  les and benefits males and is the first gene product shown to underlie sexual conflict in any s
10329	4	theory predicts that the shape of trade-off curves are, in addition to the magnitude of t  f extreme types. measuring the shape of trade-off relationships directly is therefore crucial b  ource levels. we have also demonstrated genetic variation for resistance, a response to selecti  e to measure the shape of the genotypic trade-off curve for resistance through selection in dif
11509	1	se strains are also efficacious against insect pests. two independent consultants have establis
11813	4	ith unprecedented large sample sizes or research groups in developing countries to carry out la  arge sample sizes or research groups in developing countries to carry out large scale tracking   fish. indeed, in the current context of climate change and overfishing, coastal seas are threat   needed for the effective management of marine ecosystems.
10770	2	dictates the content in the atmospheric carbon dioxide, which has implication on the climate on   the oceanic carbonate system to future climate changes because the behaviour of the surface oc
10565	3	their environments and, in the case of disease transmission, important for developing preventa  he problem by building state-of-the-art computer models to simulate and test different network   e a robust quantitative methodology for data collection.
12651	1	the harvest of huntable birds and other bird species in the uk using data collected under exist
12543	1	an make them difficult to detect; short generation times result in rapid population increases a
12765	15	o facilitate the regional management of wild boar by providing local communities with advice an  nd guidance on methods to control human-wild boar conflicts. worldwide, wild boar are associate  l human-wild boar conflicts. worldwide, wild boar are associated with damage to crops, substant  ial reduction of abundance of plant and animal species, spread of diseases, damage to livestock  ehicle collisions. recently established wild boar populations in england are still localised an  ndance and to detect range expansion of wild boar, evaluate a method to mitigate the impact of   uate a method to mitigate the impact of wild boar and to develop methods to evaluate the impact  velop methods to evaluate the impact of wild boar on the biodiversity of woodland habitats and   ce, colonisation and range expansion by wild boar and to monitor wild boar population density,   e expansion by wild boar and to monitor wild boar population density, size and change.the study  the study will also assess the relative cost-effectiveness of each of the methods and their sui  e risks associated with the presence of wild boar and by implementing methods to mitigate their  nsure that potential, large-scale human-wild boar conflicts are prevented or contained before t  rm to oversee the implementation of the action plan to manage wild boar in the uk.   ementation of the action plan to manage wild boar in the uk.
12386	2	al commitments. since early 2006 the uk government departments and agencies have adopted a new   s to undertake this study and produce a first draft of a fit for purpose marine monitoring manu
12380	1	a wider understanding of the health of marine ecosystems in relation to natural and anthropoge
10173	3	eases fitness. in the common buzzard, a balanced polymorphism maintains a situation in which ch  lity have become decoupled, providing a unique opportunity to examine the basis of mate choice.  is proposal seeks to develop a panel of genetic markers suitable for determining parentage and
11680	3	with a method that is currently used in forensic medicine to identify criminals. it involves am  y criminals. it involves amplifying the genetic material of each virus and at the same time att  hat are specific for each one. when the chemical reaction is finished, we can see how much of e
6926	6	allel with the development of intensive poultry production, traditional hungarian poultry stock  the national institute for agricultural quality control and breeding ngos - became the task of   or this purpose a consortium of chicken gene bank breeders, organized by the breeding associati  eding association decided to complete a project proposal containing four main tasks: 1. charact  ngarian chicken breeds and varieties of gene banks and describe their production characteristic  pe production. all r&d included in this project proposal is intended to conserve old traditiona
12385	2	he merman database, implementation of a data management plan and transfer of quality controlled  ta in a timely manner to ices and other third parties.
10420	2	on summary for the linked proposals the carbon isotopes in protein that survives in archaeologi  or from rivers or lakes. in such cases, radiocarbon dates are often erroneously old due to radi
11389	2	the carbon isotopes in protein that survives in archaeologi  or from rivers or lakes. in such cases, radiocarbon dates are often erroneously old due to radi
12292	8	erotinia sclerotiorum continues to be a major problem for uk agriculture and horticulture. s. s  and horticulture. s. sclerotiorum has a host range of more than 400 plant species and hence man  ce many crops can be affected including oilseed rape, lettuce, carrot, vegetable brassicas, pea  est sclerotinia levels ever recorded in oilseed rape and the trend for increasing sclerotinia i  o continue because of the large area of oilseed rape grown, shorter crop rotations and inoculum  rge area of oilseed rape grown, shorter crop rotations and inoculum build up in the soil as oth  acterised s. sclerotiorum isolates from oilseed rape, lettuce and carrot crops from across the   roject hh3230sfv demonstrated extensive genetic diversity in these s. sclerotiorum populations
15393	1	e amount in parmelioid lichens yield an added value for several pharmaceutical areas and these
12334	4	ear, the seabed surface for all english territorial waters and northern ireland territorial wat  territorial waters and northern ireland territorial waters and uk offshore waters. key customer   identification and selection of marine conservation zones by regional mpa projects, in particu  gional mpa projects, in particular reef habitat types.
12470	5	evidence to improve the basis for using real time closures as a fisheries management measure. t  mer purpose: it is expected that in the short term the results will improve the basis for the c   will improve the basis for the current real time closure mechanism operating in the north sea,   and longer term will contribute to the scientific evidence base on using rtcs as an effective   rect impact on the effectiveness of the real time closure scheme currently operating in the nor
12683	4	this research proposal is for an investigation to identify t  oastal habitats at risk from effects of climate change, and to identify large scale opportuniti  t of a framework and prototype tool for decision making and prediction of landscape and biodive  reat sites under different scenarios of sea level rise.
14826	1	f nuclear phylogenetic information at a broad spectrum of taxonomic levels in genisteae. a well
14955	1	mountain ungulates distributed over the mountain ranges of southern europe, the taurus mountain
15494	3	the fundamental goal of this research project is to study the effects caused by conc  vertebrate species that will be used in laboratory experiments. subsequently, in the following   ers for their subsequent publication in scientific journals of the science citation index.
12570	2	study will also advise on research and data collection needs to improve the quality of further  ilable for use in future management and research programmes.
7575	2	lationship between spatial structure of genetic diversity and spatial characteristics of the en  d made ​​available to the international scientific community
10269	4	f environmental change and are indeed a driving force in global change. stable isotopes studies   scientific literature and presented at international conferences. opportunity for additional p  ity for additional presentations to the general public is provided through collaboration with t  provided through collaboration with the natural history museum s education department and parti
10827	1	design a monitoring programme funded by central government. apart from its applied importance,
12679	1	ey will then consult the scientific and policy making community, refine as required and produce
12528	1	cales of the epidemic so as to optimise disease control and management • how do intervention st
9960	3	iometers are used to measure accurately radiant flux across the band-pass of a filter placed in  rch balloons and micro-satellites. e.g. remote sensing of forest health by using filters sensit  n features in the chlorophyll spectrum, sea surface temperature from a micro-satellite or ship-
7570	1	rently, in france, there is no scalable information system to gather and consult all informatio
10485	1	gh throughput methodology for screening virus infections and immunities in wild plant and insec
10144	2	r array. by coupling a tungsten halogen light source to the input of the sifts instrument via f   nm. the fundamental rotation-vibration absorption bands associated with gas molecules are, how
9831	2	he distribution and diversity of mobile genetic elements , which play a critical role in gene d  g plasmid distribution and diversity in natural habitats. secondly, the potential use of mges t
12551	1	d naturally by the insect, derived from food sources or in the case of parasitoids and predator
11118	9	this project represents a pilot project aimed at developing a new approach to the  nd specific stable isotopic analysis of amino acids in proteinaceous materials. small, but char   can be measured using the technique of gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectr  such as ecosystems or living organisms. amino acids and their biopolymers, peptides and protein  e to the analytical chemist since their functional groups must be chemically derivatised prior   for the gas chromatographic analysis of amino acids, all have drawbacks when applied to gc/c/ir  ried out through analysis of individual amino acids and peptides. a crucial step will then be t  y test a method which would then have a wide range of specific applications within the nerc rem  species to dietary tracing experiments, food web elucidation and plant-soil interactions.
11282	15	peat bogs, or more specifically ombrotrophic mires, are  ophic mires, are extremely sensitive to climate change. precipitation is the only source of wat  ulates into peat deposits. results from radiocarbon dating of these peat layers reveal the buil  ate proxies, which can be used to study climate changes in the past. for example, macrofossils,  mperatures given the current debates on global warming. where macrofossils are unidentifiable i  e gaps in palaeoclimate reconstruction. chemical analysis of lipids in modern major peat formin  ajor peat forming plants growing on the peat bog surface, such as the sphagnum mosses, sedges a  ng on the peat bog surface, such as the sphagnum mosses, sedges and heathers, has revealed they  bundances can track the contribution of sphagnum mosses to the peat records. a notable feature   nature which means they are immobile in peat bog and so remain at their point of deposition. in  f the lipid biomarker n-c23 alkane from peat bogs, measured using the new technique of gas chro  gs, measured using the new technique of gas chromatography-thermal conversion-isotope ratio mas  -isotope ratio mass spectrometry in the peat bogs. the overall aim of the proposed work is to d  oxy based on dd values of biomarkers of peat bog vegetation. this will be achieved by measuring  es of the n-c23 alkane extracted from 4 peat bogs across europe on a west-east latitudinal tran
10206	1	ncerned with the development of a novel high resolution the sediment transport component will b
11226	1	ncerned with the development of a novel high resolution the sediment transport component will b
14374	6	dies have explored the use of satellite time series to describe the seasonal dynamics of vegeta  erarchical image segmentation. ecoseg a spin-off project of gloveg vg/00/01 and encompasses thr  pecialist to hierarchical cluster image time series into spatio-temporal segments with similar   o spatio-temporal segments with similar time series at numerous scales and will allow an accura  here it concerns the study of satellite time series of ecosystem dynamics. based on the experim  s the study of satellite time series of ecosystem dynamics. based on the experimental setup, an
7624	1	for optimizing operating procedures and resource management and for heritage conservation
7499	1	or amplification will be done through a computer program called genofrag developed in the labor
12532	5	chedules for invertebrate pests rely on methyl bromide fumigation. despite derogations for crit  ritical uses, phasing out of the use of methyl bromide will result in severe risks of the intro  k underway to investigate, evaluate, or field test new techniques with a view to phasing out me  w techniques with a view to phasing out methyl bromide as soon as possible. the increased risk   primary concern relating to the loss of methyl bromide in a report to defra global atmosphere d
12700	1	good quality information is essential for conservation
7593	3	the project goal is to develop a capillary electrophoresis technique coupled with mass s  markers of phylogenetic groups and / or ecological niches. it may be extended to a wide range o  logical niches. it may be extended to a wide range of uni and multicellular organisms
11134	5	ource pollution on river, estuarine and coastal water quality and particularly with regard to n  rd to non-compliance of bathing waters. climate change, and particularly more intense storms in  e occurrences at amroth and rhyl. hydro-environmental impact assessment modelling studies, regu  mulations, which can lead to erromneous environmental impact assessment outcomes. these shortco   centre s activities relating to marine renewable energy and particularly for the severn estuar
12245	9	003, farmers were set to receive direct subsidy payments for cross-compliance, i.e. activities   d the environmental, animal health, and public health benefits of farming. this has encouraged   nvironmental, animal health, and public health benefits of farming. this has encouraged many fa  rm as a whole, and encourage the use of natural resources in a sustainable way to produce a cos  roduct at the same time as safeguarding animal welfare and enhancing the biodiversity in the fa  be considered, including animal health, animal husbandry, forage and feeding systems, animal br  m hygiene standards, and the quality of farm buildings. a good ifm system can give the farmer p  anagement, setting objectives to enable good quality livestock products to be produced with min  ck products to be produced with minimal environmental impact. the ifm wheel' is widely adopted
14600	6	sediments constitute a valuable natural resource with ecological, social and economic v  onstitute a socio-economic resource for construction material, and can be used for instance for  re prevented by the lack of appropriate management tools to guide the sediment assessment proce  he development of the tool will combine risk assessment . this project will help assess the rel  d sediments. the tool will apply to the decision making process related to: need to adopt sedim   reuse of dredged sediments mainly as a construction material, and the need of containment/ iso
12233	1	quantification of the n requirements of winter wheat and winter osr varieties. depending on the
14330	3	roject aims to use the existing belgian remote sensing and related knowledge in a new, but topi  esearch was carried out to use high and low resolution imagery for the classification of vegeta  ion of vegetation. in ethiopia not only land use change studies were carried out, but also abov
9815	7	he particular kind of network. however, food webs stand out as being anomalous, as the number o  h large numbers of links are rare. this research programme investigates several important featu  estigates several important features of food webs not shared by many other kinds of network, to  k, to see what part they play in making food webs special. for instance, the nodes , at a total  ing basic knowledge of the earth s life-support systems: food webs are vital components of thes  ge of the earth s life-support systems: food webs are vital components of these systems, and st   on the persistence of other species in food webs.
2176	7	he present study is to develop a set of genetic markers that can describe within- and between g  s that can describe within- and between genetic variation for the three components and test if   catches. the present study represents a pilot study with focus on the development of two sets o  focus on the development of two sets of genetic markers, microsatellites and snps. a robust and  d markers for the purpose of describing genetic variation within and between spawning areas, as  e the responsibility for development of genetic markers and most genetic analysis and nifes wil  development of genetic markers and most genetic analysis and nifes will have the main responsib
6960	6	intensification of arable farming is a serious threat to biodiversity and   s teamed up for this proposal intend to work out 7 indicators: 1. insect-born virus pressure, 2  tors: 1. insect-born virus pressure, 2. scale insect infestation, 3. farmland bird survey, 4. m  1. insect-born virus pressure, 2. scale insect infestation, 3. farmland bird survey, 4. maize p  . indicator moth species. these cover a wide range of taxa and ecosystem services, and thus can  of the concrete indicator protocols and scientific publications into the relationship between a
14615	4	on numbers when reductions in abundance take place. cetaceans constitute a group of animals par  des - a weakening against the action of infectious agents. however, despite the importance of n  f the interaction of the cetaceans with human activities and the influence on them of global ch   for assessing the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems.
163	10	the aim of the study is to work out scenarios for agricultural land use in estonia   to work out scenarios for agricultural land use in estonia considering political and economic   onia considering political and economic driving forces as well as socio-economic and natural co  ns and to assess the impact of possible land use changes to bird populations in rural landscape   impact of possible land use changes to bird populations in rural landscapes. to reach the goal  land use changes to bird populations in rural landscapes. to reach the goal the following tasks  be completed: to define and analyse the driving forces . for the developed land use scenarios v   the driving forces . for the developed land use scenarios visual models and maps will be creat  udes of local people and the impacts of land use changes to the bird fauna will be analysed. th  velopment of a new prediction model for land use, in which the bird fauna, as an essential comp
7678	2	their influence on transfer of heat and water vapor and on turbulence. these impacts are also i  cro-organisms depends critically on the physical conditions of the atmosphere and air movement
14726	7	ersity, which requires that appropriate biodiversity indicators are incorporated in forest inve  est inventories and forest planning and conservation policies. in this context, the recent thir   this context, the recent third spanish national forest inventory that are identified as more v   we will develop landscape-level forest biodiversity indicators that can be effectively applied   that can be effectively applied within national forest inventories and other initiatives for e  opean context. finally, we will provide specific recommendations for the estimation of biodiver   the landscape scale within the spanish national forest inventories, coordinating landscape ind
12524	4	rtilizer and pesticide. there is now an urgent need to identify criteria which can be used to e  d inputs is far greater. the outputs of fundamental research on the genetic basis of resource u  ulate ongoing breeding effort. a recent pilot project use the data generated in conjunction wit  the third point will focus on gathering additional information which will be used to populate m
12522	1	he wider environment. the uk supports a wide range of diverse farming systems to ensure that th
7498	3	pact of oil on bacterial communities in marine sediments. . and the analysis of the variety of   hese bacterial genera appear to play an important role in these ecosystems. we propose to devel  o specifically detect these bacteria in marine sediments to better understand their role in sit
10167	1	a pilot study will be undertaken combining both bulk and
11266	6	with a portable instrument suitable for real time, in situ field measurements of pollutants in   trument suitable for real time, in situ field measurements of pollutants in the environment wit  electivity and sensitivity with a large dynamic range for mixing ratios. in addition, these new  scopy as a major analytical tool in the gas phase, comparable to the important role raman spect  ool in the gas phase, comparable to the important role raman spectroscopy currently has for che  le raman spectroscopy currently has for chemical analysis of liquids and solids.
14179	6	m together with the advanced changestat continuous culture methods and cell size measurements t  relationships between the cell size and growth rate of the bacteria, very important fact about   ber of ribosomes on the increase of the growth rate, their results were the basis for the devel  s were the basis for the development of cell cycle theory etc. however, already authors of this  ct is to study regulation of growth and cell cycle mechanisms in detail, their dependence on th  sociated with necessary transition from fossil fuels to biofuels and from oil base feedstock to
9998	7	dna sequencing . there are no validated software tools for analysis of radseq data, and our exp  presentation of sites in datasets makes data processing non-trivial. we will build easy-to use    build easy-to use pipelines for radseq data analysis, incorporating best-practice quality chec  d outputs ready for further analyses in third party software. these pipelines will be used to v  c. elegans model system, and to deliver genetic analysis of rad sites in the other genomes. the  or testbed will be a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from, and newly constructed crosse  s between, wild strains of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans, where we will investigate the u
12372	2	to better management and protection of human activities which may affect the marine environmen  f human activities which may affect the marine environment. the work also provides an opportuni
13731	5	tribution of a cohort at the end of the growing season will affect the survival through the win  on will affect the survival through the winter season because of size-dependent capacity to wit  ize variation within cohorts during the first year from eggs through early ontogenetic niche sh  tic niche shifts using a combination of field studies, experiments and modeling. the experiment  eriments separately and in combination. field studies will be carried out to yield data on indi
7375	1	he detection of molecular signatures of natural selection in the fungal genome from polymorphis
10006	6	ce and licensing for protected species; local authorities responsible for planning decisions an  r planning decisions and managing local nature reserves; ecological consultants who carry out s   will gain hands-on experience of using statistical models and new protocols. in phase iii of t  ans and reptiles, debate rages over the cost-effectiveness of such actions. the protocols that   icensing by the statutory agencies, and local authorities will be better-informed when it comes  t comes to planning issues. managers of nature reserves will also be able to carry out more eff
11536	6	ce and licensing for protected species; local authorities responsible for planning decisions an  r planning decisions and managing local nature reserves; ecological consultants who carry out s   will gain hands-on experience of using statistical models and new protocols. in phase iii of t  ans and reptiles, debate rages over the cost-effectiveness of such actions. the protocols that   icensing by the statutory agencies, and local authorities will be better-informed when it comes  t comes to planning issues. managers of nature reserves will also be able to carry out more eff
12459	1	s using appropriate data for a range of case studies of relevance to uk fisheries. provide bett
12698	2	re to develop and implement a web based data base and data analysis tool for the standardised h  and implement a web based data base and data analysis tool for the standardised hedgerow survey
2019	10	one of the most profound and intriguing questions in biology concerns the relationsh  ology concerns the relationship between genetic diversity and the morphology and biology of dif  found in uncovering the contribution of gene family members to the development of organisms. in   in uncovering the contribution of gene family members to the development of organisms. in rece  tebrates in particular, contain general transcription factor paralogs not found in yeast. we ha  ange in paradigm by our studies of tata binding protein and tbp-like factor, which are found in  vertebrate-specific tbp paralog, during embryonic development; 2. alternative mechanisms of tra  ion of antisense knockdown experiments, gene expression profiling, biochemical purification, ch  oters in vivo. studying early embryonic gene regulation provides many opportunities to uncover   ovel molecular mechanisms in control of gene expression, which are pivotal to the regulatory hi
10652	2	and forest engineers: identification of endangered species or groups of species. those tools wi   to adapt their related territories and forest management policies.
11832	2	and forest engineers: identification of endangered species or groups of species. those tools wi   to adapt their related territories and forest management policies.
7702	4	ns on the ground through the example of forest management, the project offers forgeco developin  tory approach and adaptive expertise in forest management and ecological vulnerabilities and so  nd ecological vulnerabilities and socio-economic development and intensification scenarios eval  intensification scenarios evaluation of forest management participatory process structured by t
14431	2	for future collaborative research. the research program is based on three case studies, becaus   the research program is based on three case studies, because the balkan lakes are of varied or
11459	7	a source of taxa that have invaded the deep sea. it is likely that the deep-sea fauna was depa   extinction events associated with past global climate change causing, for example, deep-ocean   tion events associated with past global climate change causing, for example, deep-ocean oxygen   ms to characterise the micro- and macro-evolutionary processes of endemic antarctic octopod fau  c antarctic octopod fauna and the macro-evolutionary processes of the deep-sea octopod fauna us  eans of testing the hypothesis that, in evolutionary history, antarctic taxa invaded the deep s  ary history, antarctic taxa invaded the deep sea.
11031	11	ere are a number of rocky bodies in our solar system, including our own planet and moon. largel   is an iron core, surrounded by a solid silicate mantle, which itself is covered by a thin sili  measured, and what is clear is that the continental crust is not all the same age and some part   years. in fact, there are four ages of continental crust that appear over and over again: 1.2,   largely incomplete, and the paucity of continental crust at other ages may not mean that growt  l crust at other ages may not mean that growth rates were low at those times. it might just be   aims to understand the formation of the continental crust, not by looking at the crust itself,   arge amount of data to be acquired in a short time. while understanding the formation of the co   s atmosphere and oceans have undergone radical changes in the planet s ancient past, including  the atmosphere that is essential to all animal life. these changes had major effects on the cou  ptions have been observed to change the global climate. this raises the interesting possibility
11634	6	il and gas industry and in liaison with environmental policy formers, implementers and regulato  t is directly relevant to environmental management issues/questions and it will ensure that thi  at primary science targets in important oil exploration areas in the west of shetland, u.k. and  ar. the dieps project aims to carry out high resolution research into the community structure a  in situ experimentation investigate the driving forces for structure and change in these seabed  t, which has support from world-leading industrial partners with a diverse range of global faci
10331	4	remains of hominids are abundant in the fossil record and form the basis for phylogenetic inter  me species, which combine enormous post-canine tooth crown areas, indicative of great chewing f  e we have developed a novel interactive computer model . the biomechanical models will first be  tic data of craniofacial morphology and experimental data published in the scientific literatur
9819	4	remains of hominids are abundant in the fossil record and form the basis for phylogenetic inter  me species, which combine enormous post-canine tooth crown areas, indicative of great chewing f  e we have developed a novel interactive computer model . the biomechanical models will first be  tic data of craniofacial morphology and experimental data published in the scientific literatur
10184	6	it is widely accepted that there is a negative effect of current breeding effort on subsequen  ally assumed to reflect a physiological trade-off between investment in reproduction and invest  ation of a male, his ability to provide parental care and the likelihood of him surviving to br   diet quality on sexual attractiveness, parental care and ability to fight the rate of senescen  ickleback. we will then explore how the trade-offs between these factors influence optimal repr  and future reproductive success and the trade-off between reproduction and lifespan. it also ex
6890	2	t on differentiation and apoptosis, in cell lines resistant to imatinib, in ba/f3 cells expres  tations and also in primary mononuclear cell cultures derived from patients, who carry differen
11061	5	g compatibility, because of those rapid evolutionary processes just mentioned. we have found ev   are unfortunately in severe decline. a major problem facing wild salmon stocks is the escape o  vive, and some make it onto wild salmon spawning grounds. here they attempt to spawn with wild   t to spawn with wild fish, presenting a major problem: farmed salmon have been domestically-sel  onservation with commercially important salmon farming.
14545	1	a key issue of aphid biology, to a great extent responsib
11124	3	environmental factors such as food availability and mat   different offspring depending on these environmental factors. such invested resources include   lobulins or hormones deposited into the egg yolks by females. there is currently mounting inter
11219	12	through a nested series of complicated soft tissues, from ligaments, out to the skin, and ther  print of a hare which walked across the human ancestor s footprints as the print of its big toe  cestor s footprints as the print of its big toe. we need methods which will tell us what are th  t easy, since footprints, being made by soft tissue, have no easily recognisable landmark point  lation techniques, and engaging in some lateral thinking , found that methods used to analyze t  e specialists in finding and excavating fossil footprints, and recently discovered an exciting   ays on, by their waddling gait. distant human ancestors like lucy had a similar squat and stabl   we need not only to make sophisticated computer models of walking and footprint formation, whi  energy-saving mechanisms in these early human ancestors, and relate them to foot forces and foo  ot forces and footprint form, but to do physical experiments in soft mud and ash which will tie  sh which will tie these models into the real world. but we must also look for more footprints,   interpret the evolution of walking at a crucial time period, the transition between an early bi
11707	12	through a nested series of complicated soft tissues, from ligaments, out to the skin, and ther  print of a hare which walked across the human ancestor s footprints as the print of its big toe  cestor s footprints as the print of its big toe. we need methods which will tell us what are th  t easy, since footprints, being made by soft tissue, have no easily recognisable landmark point  lation techniques, and engaging in some lateral thinking , found that methods used to analyze t  e specialists in finding and excavating fossil footprints, and recently discovered an exciting   ays on, by their waddling gait. distant human ancestors like lucy had a similar squat and stabl   we need not only to make sophisticated computer models of walking and footprint formation, whi  energy-saving mechanisms in these early human ancestors, and relate them to foot forces and foo  ot forces and footprint form, but to do physical experiments in soft mud and ash which will tie  sh which will tie these models into the real world. but we must also look for more footprints,   interpret the evolution of walking at a crucial time period, the transition between an early bi
14336	1	ropical ant communities to rainfall and soil conditions. the paraguay dry chaco, with little al
9818	2	ns between dinosaur and plant groups or body types would be consistent with co-evolution; conve  k of such associations would falsify co-evolutionary hypotheses. negative results could, howeve
1962	6	ainst herbivores by direct and indirect defence mechanisms. direct defence mechanisms include a  and indirect defence mechanisms. direct defence mechanisms include a.o. the production of deter  r toxic secondary metabolites. indirect defence mechanisms include the attraction of parasitoid  equestered by herbivores have potential harmful effects on natural enemies, and hence could lea  ombination of laboratory, mesocosm, and field studies. the project will contribute to our under  ral ecosystems and the compatibility of pest control strategies.
10338	14	on earth became extinct in the largest mass extinction in over 600 million years. this worldwi  it occurred. to determine the causes of mass extinctions, it is important to establish their ra  ships to possible causal events such as global climate change, asteroid impacts and volcanism.   o possible causal events such as global climate change, asteroid impacts and volcanism. establi  l events such as global climate change, asteroid impacts and volcanism. establishing absolute a  crystal is determined from the decay of radioactive isotopes within the crystal and growth of t  ntly, evidence has emerged showing that trace elements, including the naturally radioactive iso  trace elements, including the naturally radioactive isotopes 147sm and 176lu, are incorporated   recrystallised, behaves as a chemically closed system, allowing no further exchange of elements   to characterise the rate and nature of trace element uptake, and the chemical stability of eac  nature of trace element uptake, and the chemical stability of each bone before deriving a date.  criteria by which the uptake history of trace elements in bone can be assessed. a pilot study h  ace elements in bone can be assessed. a pilot study has shown these criteria correctly identify   age to within 1ma. we will extend this pilot study to determine the conditions under which bon
10040	1	tes, but in pots so that we can control soil conditions and the densities of neighbouring indiv
10158	3	rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di  s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron  extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t
10431	3	rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di  s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron  extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t
10432	3	rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di  s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron  extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t
10723	3	rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di  s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron  extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t
11714	3	rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di  s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron  extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t
9907	3	rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di  s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron  extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t
11360	3	the contribution of viral infection to phytoplankton modality has fundament   phytoplankton diversity and structures food webs. however, no techniques currently exist to di  to interpret phytoplankton:viral:grazer population dynamics and their biogeochemical consequenc
13575	4	despite a substantial commercial fishing pressure, nephrops norvegicus produc  own back to the sea, so-called discard. commercial fishing has been estimated to produce 27 mil  iscarded biomass as subsidy to nephrops fishing grounds. the objective is to quantify both dire  iscard on nephrops is its importance as food source. utilisation rate may however be modified b
12023	2	land use change strongly modifies the biodiversity and   anges in the structure and diversity of plant communities. according to a first hypothesis were
6719	4	fungus monilinia laxa is reponsible for serious diseases of stone fruits. the most endangered s  a is reponsible for serious diseases of stone fruits. the most endangered species are: sour che  ious diseases of stone fruits. the most endangered species are: sour cherry, apricot, plum and   ruits. the most endangered species are: sour cherry, apricot, plum and - recent years - almond.
13603	5	cent review of diseases of the european edible crab for crustacean diseases. the crl coordinate  in weymouth and surrounding area at the low tide. adults are sampled from the commercial fisher  ases, is studied by an investigation on gene expression of propo and by sequencing of the this   rent variants of the gene sequence with potential differences in immune response ability.    sequence with potential differences in immune response ability.
10142	1	ally change our views on ecological and evolutionary processes driving diversification, and cha
15503	3	of habitat, human impact or historical climate changes affect the distribution of diversity in  f these effects and the competition for evolutionary processes and historical contingencies. an  s and historical contingencies. another key issue in ecology is to determine if communities are
11098	3	rate rapidly with aqueous fluids in the upper crust and decompose quickly during weathering and  hering is rapid because of formation of etch pits on dislocations. etch pit honeycombs perhaps   formation of etch pits on dislocations. etch pit honeycombs perhaps acted as sites for the orig
10094	4	y from or between nutritionally limited natural habitats to maize stores. field study results w  mited natural habitats to maize stores. field study results will be calibrated by experimental   natural habitats to maize stores. field study results will be calibrated by experimental work i  13c delta 15n turnover characteristics, trace element analysis as a marker for dispersal. conve
1936	2	to set up two wind dispersal models, a statistical model of the so called gaussian plume type   e insight in the potential dispersal of endangered species and the sustainability of the restor
12149	1	thods will allow to determine rg and as genetic diversity and will allow to assess phylogenetic
10474	1	uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide approach specifically targeted at the pp
9905	1	uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide approach specifically targeted at the pp
9807	4	ragon plants which only make flat petal epidermal cells. in this project we will try to underst  different flowers. finally, we will use electron microscopy to survey the petal cell shapes pre  survey the petal cell shapes present in plant families which have shown shifts in pollinators,   ants and their pollinators during their evolutionary history.
15381	12	l reorganizations and those affected by genetic recombination in the germ line. analyzing how m  ffected by genetic recombination in the germ line. analyzing how mammalian genomes are organize  mammalian genomes are organized and how chromosomal rearrangements are involved in speciation a  roviding new chromosomal forms on which natural selection can work. when new chromosomal forms   w chromosomal forms are produced in the germ line, they will have the probability to be fixed i  ic features and nuclear organization of meiotic recombination in mammals is much uncompleted an  reorganizations have to be fixed in the germ line during the evolutionary process, our principa  to be fixed in the germ line during the evolutionary process, our principal interest is to stud  se evolutionary unstable regions in the meiotic recombination. there is no published data linki  on to the recombination hotspots in the germ line. it is our intention to go beyond the frontie   a comprehensive picture of the ongoing evolutionary process and vice versa. their verification  s are fundamental for understanding the evolutionary history of mammalian genomes. moreover, th
13945	6	the transport of dissolved organic matter phytoplankton species. it is suggested t  and uptake of smaller molecules such as amino acids containing nitrogen has been shown to take   s containing nitrogen has been shown to take place. however, virtually nothing is known about t  rowth. a large part of the dom entering coastal waters are high molecular, and preliminary expe  take. in addition, we will evaluate the competitive advantage that comes with direct uptake of   hab blooms when the input of hmw-dom to coastal waters is increasing.
11733	2	ssolved organic nitrogen , bas and nerc research programmes and will directly collaborate with   mmes and will directly collaborate with research scientists from other antarctic programmes.
10160	2	demic interest to both physiologist and environmental scientists. finally our results may, in t  ntists. finally our results may, in the long run, lead to the development of methods to monitor
15096	1	ant-host. although this is a project of basic research, the results obtained can be of relevanc
6871	5	oplankton. water exchange between these growth areas and the mainstream river results in a drif   flood, as a disturbance factor plays a key role in community organization of potamoplankton. t  anisms. such studies should provide the scientific background to the ecological management of l  al management of large rivers where the focal points are re-establishment of natural flow inhom  large rivers where the focal points are re-establishment of natural flow inhomogeny and floodpl
2479	6	n species represent a growing threat to marine environments due to their potential to change th  nked among the world's most detrimental invasive species, was first observed in northern europe  mnemiopsis can severely disrupt pelagic food webs through direct predation and competition as w  up processes impacting both the classic food chain and the microbial loop. nevertheless, the oc  a combination of monitoring activities, field studies and experiments targeting local reproduct  succession in pelagic ecosystems due to invasive species and/or increased numbers of gelatinous
1984	3	cosystems in which cyanobacteria play a key role. the most important source of nitrogen in coas  s are therefore high. there are several functional groups of microorganisms in the mats that ar  s are found on the green beaches of the barrier islands of the southern north sea. because of t
7138	1	the responses of soil invertebrates to land use change.
12056	5	context climate change , was created and a complete phylogeny o  om empirical data and models of virtual plant communities were created to validate these mechan  eated and set to the zone of the ecrins national park. results of the project using theoretical  t using theoretical models coupled with data analyses allowed us to infer the distribution mech  a in response to changes in climate and land use. this model predicts a strong upheaval in the
15524	2	starting some new approaches related to conservation issues. the main topics and targets are: 1  for some selected taxa we will generate ecological niche models to make predictions on potentia
13838	2	ith a broad range of hosts, occurs in a wide range of ecosystems, and is sparsely studied by mo  host from root-tips. species with broad host ranges are the target for intensified study in ord
11275	2	ment on earth, yet our understanding of microbial diversity and ecological roles is still in it  eir abundance and role within different habitat types.
14660	2	s project is to provide a broad-ranging data base that would allow the co-relation of cyanobact  structure of microorganisms isolated in laboratory cultures. the aim of this last proposal is t
7533	4	unities leading to a diversification of plant communities resulting in genetic divergence up un   until speciation. in this context, the genetic diversity of wild yams dry zone will be studied  ave as objectives the identification of evolutionary processes at the origin of diversity and i  tructuring, including spatial, based on human activities
2480	6	how the species composition, diversity, life cycle and abundance are affected by environmental   ife cycle and abundance are affected by environmental factors. the abundance and distribution o  e will apply the latest technologies in molecular biology and microbiology to aquatic ecologica  d by a.o. environmental pyrosequencing, electron microscopy and culturing. seasonal dynamics wi  he use of microscopy, molecular probes, flow cytometry and water chemistry upon the analyses of  lyses of natural samples collected from coastal waters through the year. the project will impro
14675	1	fore, the mycorrhizal fungi can play an important role in the establishment and development of
7382	3	we study the molecular evolution of a gene family encoding agpase, a    we study the molecular evolution of a gene family encoding agpase, a key enzyme in the synthe  characterized by allelic sequencing the coding regions and promoter. understanding the evolutio
7013	6	lands are terrestrial peaks of a mainly submarine plateau which is a fragment of the former gon  . multiple increase and decrease of the sea level led to multiple separation and reunion proces  he outer islands are geologically young coral atolls; they have never been connected with the g  rs ago. only recently the international research project indian ocean biodiversity assessment 2  y and geographic pathways of speciation field studies will be made to gain data on host plants   ld studies will be made to gain data on host plants and on distribution within islands. morphol
10182	3	on of beetle prey. controlled field and laboratory experiments will follow the passage of a 13c   for determining the composition of the plant community. these studies will address the overall  il at sourhope and their effects on the plant community.
13468	3	the project focuses on plant population dynamics and species diversity within arable  l also investigate the potential use of high resolution satellite data in the monitoring of gra  te the potential use of high resolution satellite data in the monitoring of grassland quality.
15298	2	owledge of molecular, morphological and chemical bases in the diversity of the complex red alga  l bases in the diversity of the complex red algae of the genus laurencia and the monograph of t
422	1	he bloom-forming diatoms in the roscoff coastal waters which were not investigated during the p
7139	2	program objectives were to screen for physical and chem  stics of diatoms, responsible blooms in coastal waters of roscoff not studied in this program.
431	2	the completeness of the analyzed fossil record .morphological variability of the pitymya   to correlate with climatic conditions. morphological structures are revealed, correlated with
7518	3	ffer depending on the nature or type of genetic marker used to assess. the aim of this project   ors. these methods are illustrated with real case studies on cattle populations, pig and poultr  these methods are illustrated with real case studies on cattle populations, pig and poultry
421	3	the negative relationship between land use intensity and biodiversity also has impacts on  uld be more prevalent in communities as land use gets intensified. ground beetles, collembolans  onmental variables were sampled in four land use types across 6 different landscapes in france,
14120	3	the maintenance of genetic diversity in small populations is both a major   r practical problem in the contemporary conservation efforts, and a fascinating theoretical que  s from different parents have different survival rates this fundamental study will remarkably e
2061	3	and scale-dependent spatial pattern of forage fish species is a key factor in shaping the top   rmining the trophic interaction between forage fish and apex predators. to evaluate the role of  spatial distribution of apex predators, forage fish species and zooplankton will be collected d
7001	2	marginal importance. we have performed preliminary investigations of austria specimens of comm   investigations of austria specimens of common lizard , the degree of hybridisation and gene fl
15065	4	ntly isolated from soil, water, air and clinical samples. both bacterial genera have a high spe  gy and environmental biotechnology. the genetic diversity is enormous. some of them, like p. ae  ification is not trivial and needs long incubation times. new molecular techniques will allow r  h internet, to make it available to the scientific community.
15520	2	. 2 analysis of functional stategies at community level and their relations with changes in wat  s in water and nutrient availability. 3 experimental study of the functional response to advers
10378	4	in marine environments phage can reach densities of 2.5 x    we will use these samples to provide a snap shot of the phage in antarctic and southern ocean   southern ocean water. plaque assays and electron microscopy will count numbers. further study w   further study will examine morphology, host range and transduction potential.
14146	1	uately annotated reference sequences to public databases will provide valuable means for future
13878	10	cies richness in soil. this is due to a low degree of species specific links within the soil fo   species specific links within the soil food web that maintain a high redundancy in functions.    interactions between organisms in soil food web we propose the use of techniques that will add  e the use of techniques that will add a high resolution of the structure of soil food webs. we   igh resolution of the structure of soil food webs. we will: identify the direction and specific  nd fungal feeding invertebrates in soil food webs. nested pcrs of dna extracts of soil animals   als. we will: identify the structure of food webs by detecting stable 13c isotope ratios of soi  l determine their trophic levels in the food web. press perturbation experiments with plant der  ine the structure and diversity of soil food webs under influence of different plant communitie   food webs under influence of different plant communities.
15068	1	liminary molecular data obtained by our research groups, however, suggest a much higher diversi
10427	2	ive, thereby removing the need for live animal experimentation, they provide spatially co-regis  research will benefit environmental and evolutionary biologists interested in modes of biodiver
11218	2	ive, thereby removing the need for live animal experimentation, they provide spatially co-regis  research will benefit environmental and evolutionary biologists interested in modes of biodiver
11427	2	ive, thereby removing the need for live animal experimentation, they provide spatially co-regis  research will benefit environmental and evolutionary biologists interested in modes of biodiver
12053	4	aptation to the environment is obvious. genomic data already identify the origins of certain di  e collections of the public and private research laboratories of the partners. they differ for   aims of the program are to evaluate the genetic diversity of a vast collection of strains, to s  o investigate relationships between the ecological niches and the essential phenotypical traits
10341	1	urveyed, in order to get a large enough representative sample of genes, and to sequence these g
9919	2	ol. the potential for automation of dna data acquisition and data analysis, and the possibility   automation of dna data acquisition and data analysis, and the possibility to link these data w
11874	6	ry for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital that the biological cha  xhibit restricted species diversity and food chain complexity, with environmental warming which  in many polar environments. despite its central role in regulating plant growth, our knowledge   ting plant growth, our knowledge of the nitrogen cycle in antarctic environments remains extrem  , we believe that current models of the nitrogen cycle are unsound as they have failed to inclu  nitrogen. ultimately, this will enhance mathematical models used for predicting ecosystem respo
10034	4	groundwaters that may be used to supply drinking water. in addition, ammonia oxidation is accom  ion is accompanied by the production of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas which is also in  e production of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas which is also involved in destroying str  ntially responsible for the emission of nitrous oxide from soil.
10255	5	concentrations of greenhouse gases are rising as a result of continued in  is study we want to test whether arctic plant communities do not acclimate fully even with exte  elevated co2. the information from this research programme is vital if we are to be able to mak  ions based on improved predictions from climate models. specifically, the extent to which whole  cosystems to perturbations under future climate change and important potential impacts on globa
12655	1	l method of preventing bats approaching wind turbines will be available to the power generation
2022	12	ves and seagrass beds provide important food sources for millions of people, but are in decline  idered important nurseries for juvenile coral reef fish, but this has only been based on their    important nurseries for juvenile coral reef fish, but this has only been based on their high d  mangroves/seagrass beds never reach the reef fish population, then these habitats do not functi  takes place from these nurseries to the coral reef. only in such way can it be established whet  se habitats serve as true nurseries for reef fishes. movement to the reef provides the stronges  nd long-term fish tagging. quantitative mathematical models will be made to calculate how reef   al models will be made to calculate how reef fish population viability depends on input of juve  from mangrove/seagrass nurseries versus coral reef, and on the size of nursery habitats. this i  between tropical ecosystems, and of the population dynamics of tropical reef fish with spatiall   of the population dynamics of tropical reef fish with spatially separated life-stage habitats.  e over-fished and many people depend on reef fish as a source of protein or income.
10189	2	cialist herbivores over long periods of co-occurrence. hence introducing natural enemies can be  ing natural enemies can be an effective biological control strategy. because mutualistic mycorr
11335	5	urity in the uk will rely on increasing crop production by c. 70% by 2070. meeting these produc  roduction goals will depend on reducing crop losses to insect pests at a time when new pesticid   will depend on reducing crop losses to insect pests at a time when new pesticide legislation m  his project is to develop a sustainable biological control system for vine weevil .    is to develop a sustainable biological control system for vine weevil .
11846	3	ystems . this project also represents a unique opportunity, to more fully utilise a nerc oceans  ogram with the additional collection of acoustic sonar backscatter, visual observations of seab  er, visual observations of seabirds and marine mammals, vocalisations of cetaceans, fishery obs
10736	4	toxic metal ions are an important class of environmenta  mental pollutants, and can cause severe environmental damage, for both terrestrial and aquatic   ientific understanding of a fundamental biochemical mechanism which is currently almost complet  fects of environmental contamination by toxic metals in invertebrates.
10817	6	considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. our new idea is   e rate and hence slows down the rate of population growth in the following year. eventually pop  bundant mineral on earth and present in significant amounts in all plants, so the mechanism we   nce. we already have some evidence from laboratory experiments and observations in the field th  ortant grassland systems that support a wide range of herbivores, including both rare species a  will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agriculture.
11049	6	considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. our new idea is   e rate and hence slows down the rate of population growth in the following year. eventually pop  bundant mineral on earth and present in significant amounts in all plants, so the mechanism we   nce. we already have some evidence from laboratory experiments and observations in the field th  ortant grassland systems that support a wide range of herbivores, including both rare species a  will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agriculture.
11562	6	considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. our new idea is   e rate and hence slows down the rate of population growth in the following year. eventually pop  bundant mineral on earth and present in significant amounts in all plants, so the mechanism we   nce. we already have some evidence from laboratory experiments and observations in the field th  ortant grassland systems that support a wide range of herbivores, including both rare species a  will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agriculture.
11829	6	considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. our new idea is   e rate and hence slows down the rate of population growth in the following year. eventually pop  bundant mineral on earth and present in significant amounts in all plants, so the mechanism we   nce. we already have some evidence from laboratory experiments and observations in the field th  ortant grassland systems that support a wide range of herbivores, including both rare species a  will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agriculture.
11441	2	the aim of this pilot project is to exploit the combined use of compoun  c radiocarbon analysis and phospholipid fatty acid will allow the degree of utilisation of new
13610	3	the aim of this urgent grant application is to document nutrient dynamics duri  tions. the present situation provides a unique opportunity to collect data that, together with   , together with previous monitoring and experimental studies, are of high scientific and applie
13355	2	the aim of the project is the data collection, data recording at national plant genet  ing at national plant genetic resources data base and documentation of the information of plant
10564	1	and utilized this environment, and what seasonal changes in temperature were experienced. we kn
10211	1	eceive large quantities of c from their host plants. i will use advances in stable isotope and
13790	3	udies found that consumer p content and growth rate can be affected by food quality and that fa  part will test two key hypotheses about growth rates and nutrient content of snail grazers, by   manipulated: within species, individual growth rate and p content is lower in pristine than in
11604	2	captive breeding programmes for endangered species run the risk of both genetic drift a  endangered species run the risk of both genetic drift and inbreeding depression. however, it is
11264	2	contexts. all of these experiments will take place with groups of just five fish, given the tim   . however, i will then use a series of computer simulations based on what i find in these expe
11546	2	contexts. all of these experiments will take place with groups of just five fish, given the tim   . however, i will then use a series of computer simulations based on what i find in these expe
11551	8	adaptation of species during explosive adaptive radiations on islands remains one of the most    intriguing evolutionary phenomena. low genetic diversity of island populations may present an   ary phenomena. low genetic diversity of island populations may present an obstacle for fast ada   obstacle for fast adaptive changes, as natural selection needs genetic variation from which to  ive changes, as natural selection needs genetic variation from which to select. hybridisation o  osely related species and interspecific gene flow may provide the genetic variation needed for   interspecific gene flow may provide the genetic variation needed for natural selection. althoug  rovide the genetic variation needed for natural selection. although multiple cases of interspec
9927	8	ore, have profound effects on offspring life history. in blue tits, like many parids, an intrig  d effects on offspring life history. in blue tits, like many parids, an intriguing pattern of p  of glasgow field station in loch lomond national park. half of each brood will be supplemented   urine and the rest with a non-essential amino acid to control for overall amino acid intake. ch  ntial amino acid to control for overall amino acid intake. chick growth, development and blood   ntioxidants and antioxidant activity in blood plasma of control and taurine supplemented chicks  ds. we will monitor provisioning, using infrared cameras in nestboxes, to ascertain whether exp  e rigorous experimental design, intense breeding season and complex lab work needs an experienc
10136	3	l state , linked to increases in winter sea surface temperature. the effects of this reduction   ue to impassable upstream barriers. the survival rate of the fry will be related to the body co   recaptured fish. in parallel with this field work we will measure various traits of the eggs a
10944	5	rs that enable species to co-exist with one another in biological diverse communities. many the  the problems with applying this idea to plant communities though is that plants are thought to   l, including many organic forms such as amino acids. also, it is becoming clear from laboratory   acids. also, it is becoming clear from laboratory experiments that plant species differ in the  ted to such resource partitioning for a wide range of nitrogen forms that commonly occur in the
10241	4	many flowering plants produce less pollen, so economizing re  izing themselves than when outbreeding. harmful effects of inbreeding will be assessed in relat  on both sides of the atlantic to ensure genetic diversity, will be cloned by taking cuttings an  rds with the priority area earth s life-support systems - water, biogeochemical cycles and biod
11100	4	many flowering plants produce less pollen, so economizing re  izing themselves than when outbreeding. harmful effects of inbreeding will be assessed in relat  on both sides of the atlantic to ensure genetic diversity, will be cloned by taking cuttings an  rds with the priority area earth s life-support systems - water, biogeochemical cycles and biod
11870	2	why do trees in different tropical forests grow at different rates why do some tr   hold wider-reach training workshops in carbon cycle science in each country at the start and e
9840	2	y condition and fecundity the following breeding season. we propose a food addition study to in  ry monthly live-trapping throughout the breeding season will enable us to assess body condition
7687	2	litating predation on extensive outdoor poultry farms by small carnivorous mammals. in bresse a  rous mammals. in bresse area, damage to poultry farms of bresse chicken aoc are numerous and ma
2169	4	ct looks at four specific human-related driving forces of ecosystem change that are identified   r threats in the near future. these are invasive species. the project focuses on terrestrial ve  n. for this purpose we have assembled a research team ideally composed to meet the challenges o  cology, cultural-landscape ecology, and numerical analyses including multivariate and univariat
15389	2	o analyze the synergic effect that both stress factors . finally, to have information on the va  now the effect of multiple stressors on running water ecosystem.
11492	5	thway dominate grassland ecosystems and cereal production in warm climates. both the multiple e  of fundamental importance for ecosystem resource management under anthropogenic climate change   resource management under anthropogenic climate change and for understanding the earth system,   e atmospheric change, reinstating major unanswered questions about c4 plant-aridity relationshi  ty and water-use in natural climate and soil conditions, using a sub-sample of the nadp-me c4 a
6930	3	ing cultivars resistant to powdery . pm resistance gene of kishmish vatkana was identified as r   vatkana was identified as ren1. the pm resistance gene of dzsandzsal kara is still unkknown. o  ana. second aim is the comparison of pm resistance genes of kishmis vatkana and dzsandzsal kara
10693	6	phytoplankton play a role in the global carbon cycle, which is of great importance for global w  cycle, which is of great importance for global warming. it is important to know exactly how muc  the radiation scattering ability of the dust particles, as this can have an impact on climate.   d at the cape verde islands. individual dust particles will be examined in the laboratory to de  that of iron specifically, during our 4 case studies. we will then use this information, and th  will then use this information, and the long term monitoring of strength and extent of similar
9880	5	lives and livelihoods. diseases such as rift valley fever transmitted via cattle in dryland sav  ca; trypanosomiasis transmitted via the tsetse fly in woodland areas of southern africa; lassa    suffering from a multiplicity of other health problems. while environmental change affects the  h a combination of mapping and detailed field studies, we will build a multi-layered analysis o  develop and apply new methodologies for systems analysis, mapping, and participatory eco-epidem
7133	5	global change - changes caused by both human activities and by environmental factors - on the    caused by both human activities and by environmental factors - on the persistence of kelp fore  nmental factors - on the persistence of kelp forests will be studied by combining genetics and   ll be studied by combining genetics and population dynamics approaches to approaches ecophysiol  ology and biochemistry by grouping five research teams
7396	1	he development of imaging techniques in real time and in three dimensions to map and quantify c
14122	1	ut little known, is expected to advance plant ecology, paleoecology, and conservation biology.
7463	1	of global change, acid deposition, and land use on terrestrial ecosystems, and the resultant e
14371	20	criptors in a near-automatic way. while high resolution eo systems provide now very regular upd  ynamic predictive mapping. multi-sensor data fusion and downscaling techniques combined to stat  objectives: 1. investigate how bayesian data fusion can derive high resolution reflectance valu  ate how bayesian data fusion can derive high resolution reflectance values based on medium reso  mation, and thus develop a new bayesian data fusion approach merging multiple data source of di  rging multiple data source of different spatial resolution referring to the same timeframe. 2.   and surface descriptors of interest for malaria vector control in southeast asia: land cover de  utheast asia: land cover descriptor and relative humidity proxies fusion and dynamic mapping 4.  e relation between land descriptors and malaria vectors to assess performance of the method in    vector occurrence using land cover and relative humidity descriptors and finally the delineati   the delineation of restricted zone for dry season vector habitat methodology • develop a new b  at methodology • develop a new bayesian data fusion approach • interpretation for an. dirus pri  and validation results expected • a new data fusion method applicable not only to concomitant i  f relation between land descriptors and malaria vector in south east asia • verification of the  e hypothesis of receding habitat in the dry season for anopheles dirus s.l. and association wit  .l. and association with land cover and relative humidity • validation of leaf water content as   relative humidity • validation of leaf water content as a valid indicator for approximation of   a valid indicator for approximation of relative humidity related to mosquito habitat • pave th  ation • to help in improving the use of remote sensing product in the field of epidemiology del  icting the habitat of the vector in the dry season if the hypothesis is validated -------------
7408	1	ay to conserve genetic resources in the long term in rabbits should provide concrete informatio
15349	2	ts and, more specifically, transposons. insertion sequences has been tested in microbial fuel c   sequences has been tested in microbial fuel cells for production of electricity.
15391	13	n of populations implies an increase in genetic drift which may result in loss of genetic diver  netic drift which may result in loss of genetic diversity and accumulation of inbreeding. these   important part of the clearly adaptive genetic variation, and one that may be especially relev  ising from disease, is that involved in immune response. the effectivity of the immune response  immune response. the effectivity of the immune response is largely dependent on the variation p  resent in key genes for recognition and antigen presentation. among these, class i and class ii  ss. the starting hypothesis is that the balancing selection, acting through mechanisms such as   selection, may help to maintain greater genetic diversity in functional genes of the immune sys  ic diversity in functional genes of the immune system than that retained for molecular markers,  molecular markers, and that the loss of genetic diversity in general, or in immune system genes   of genetic diversity in general, or in immune system genes in particular, adversely affects th   reproduction and becomes an additional risk factor for the persistence of the species. the pro  onservation genetics and contributes to risk assessment and to the design of effective strategi
14602	6	during the last decennia, significant changes in the socioeconomic structure have   role given than an increase in vegetal fuel load in large areas tends to favour the impact of   eas tends to favour the impact of large forest fires. the impact of these landscape dynamics on  s will be essential to establish future conservation policies in many european mediterranean re  llenge is to be able to predict species dynamic ranges by using habitat suitability modelling e  ew fragments of open habitat created by forest fire impact. 2- assessment of the patterns in di
13880	5	y increasing recreational activities in coastal waters has long concerned conservationists, par  aries where access is prohibited in the breeding season to protect coastal waterbird population  sion, of the sanctuaries. complementary field studies will be done to compare reproductive succ  effects of protected nesting-islands on bird populations at a regional level. it will contribut  e substantially to the understanding of population dynamics and conservation of island-nesting
7147	3	f biodiversity has mainly performed two time scales: instantaneous based studies and conservati   to link regional analyzes at different time scales, based on the fossil record of mammals, mai   at different time scales, based on the fossil record of mammals, mainly rodents and ungulates,
7553	3	roduction of palm hearts. . analysis of genetic diversity and gene flow will occur primarily th  ts. . analysis of genetic diversity and gene flow will occur primarily through molecular marker  d. this research will be in the form of case studies in ecuador
14199	12	disappeared from europe due to changing land use. at the same time, there is increasing interes  land vegetation dynamics under changing land use, and address the effect of diaspore and symbio  ion on community change. we shall study plant community composition, seed bank and arbuscular m  resence of symbiotic amf, which play an important role in the establishment and performance of   nce of grassland plant species. because land use intensification reduce the number and diversit  tionally managed semi-natural grassland plant community composition and diversity under intensi  ity under intensifying and extensifying land use we hypothesize that both changes will lead to   tionally managed semi-natural grassland plant community composition and diversity under intensi  ity under intensifying and extensifying land use what are the effects of changing land use on t  nd use what are the effects of changing land use on the viable soil seed bank what are the effe  d bank what are the effects of changing land use on symbiotic am fungi, present both as viable   s in the soil and functioning hyphae in plant roots is the establishment of grassland plant spe
10125	14	hy of range contraction and collapse in endangered species. in particular, existing databases t  r, existing databases typically exclude extinct species and populations, and so contain biases   ial to provide unique new insights into key patterns and processes of extinction and hence info  ses of extinction and hence inform both early warning systems and management interventions. pos   extinction and hence inform both early warning systems and management interventions. possibly   ata on changing patterns of prehistoric human population density, resource use and environmenta  an population density, resource use and environmental impacts, and also on changing patterns of   reviews of species- or region-specific case studies with minimal wider-scale ecological analys  ven by anthropogenic impacts and future climate change. the proposed project will combine data   rent academic fields to develop a novel interdisciplinary research programme for understanding   ds to develop a novel interdisciplinary research programme for understanding the long-term dyna  ayed by species with differing ecology, life history and trophic status, and will address wheth  es of regionally extirpated or globally extinct species will also form the basis for investigat  itical thresholds of human impact, e.g. human population density, can be identified. these rela
426	3	bio-indicator of these changes. in this research program, we propose to work on the impacts of   m, we propose to work on the impacts of climate change on the dynamics of vegetation in the for  reas. because of the strong altitudinal temperature gradient, the mountain is a privileged area
12353	1	equirements given, for round 2 offshore wind farm developments. this proposed project addresses
434	2	role of floral phenology in restricting gene flow at a local scale. we detected isolation by ti  oductive events mainly occur between co-flowering trees, and pollen flow is asymmetric. early f
7261	1	ation process in the mediterranean this invasive species complex. for this we will develop a ne
14691	1	d biotic factors responsible of them. 5 experimental study of the responses in the community of
15532	3	climate and land use changes are recognized as the major drivers of  y species have been identified as major environmental problems related to desertification. but   ls to foresee the impact of climate and land use changes in this area.
15150	2	. to accomplish this central goal, this project proposal is based on the high-resolution palyno  e and interactions of fire, climate and human activities in the evolution of plant formations f
2081	5	climate change will be used as input data for the model           climate change will be used as input data for the models. uncertainty will be addresse  ed throughout such simulations. coupled atmospheric chemistry and transport models will be used  te ozone damage on crops. the resulting crop production functions are used in the economic mode  ted, to explore the effects of expected structural changes in agriculture in the comming decade
14319	9	kes and have active fisheries providing local populations with a relatively cheap source of pro  wever, human-induced changes, including climate change, can have significant effects on primary  understanding of ecosystem function and food web processes is required. for instance, food web   eb processes is required. for instance, food web efficiency may greatly depend on the amount of  ncy may greatly depend on the amount of organic carbon transiting through the microbial food we  carbon transiting through the microbial food web, known to be important in these lakes. lake ki  alien species introduction and possibly climate change, which have affected the lakes biodivers   years. in addition, the simple pelagic food web of the lake facilitates our understanding of e  methodologies used and developed in the research project could be applied to other large africa
11336	6	debated and not widely accepted by the scientific community. we have discovered a number of si  rom the valsequillo basin, preserved in volcanic ash, for which we have obtained some prelimina  dating techniques to be used are at the cutting edge of the technology available and we will tr   at the time of formation was that of a volcanic ash sequence deposited from a small volcano in  anning. this will produce very accurate digital images, maps and casts of the prints which is t  being the last part in the dispersal of modern humans across the continents.
7028	3	understanding what determines plant diversity and functioning of grassland ecosystems  s or arbuscular-mycorhizal fungi affect plant community diversity and structure by creating soi  s enriched in nutrients and/or amf. the laboratory experiment indirectly addresses earthworm-am
10660	3	ists in focused research activities and scientific exchange for a two year period. in addition   nally sponsored research in the region. project scientists will make new developments in monito  he region. project scientists will make new developments in monitoring will hold a scientific w
9886	3	ists in focused research activities and scientific exchange for a two year period. in addition   nally sponsored research in the region. project scientists will make new developments in monito  he region. project scientists will make new developments in monitoring will hold a scientific w
11723	2	elta 13c between mangrove, seagrass and coral reef biotopes. these three variables will influen  or confounding effects of metabolism on carbon isotope balances.
12601	1	ource issues. the study will develop a `case study` of how this better understanding of the str
13339	8	nsmissible, cost effective and provides added value to the currently independent data sources o  vide a robust statistical structure for analytical tests and for the eventual estimates of stoc  g forecasting of future options so that policy makers can generate appropriate strategies for m  mitments of the institutes concerned to long term monitoring. it will also provide the necessar  ailable data.. this network already has long term data sets for biodiversity indicators eg butt  ork already has long term data sets for biodiversity indicators eg butterflies and birds but th  habitats that can be linked to specific biodiversity indicators. these will be identified using   scaling that can be tested to show the added value of integration. other work packages will pr
15584	2	across large regions, and much existing environmental policy is specifically targeted at specie  as well as recommendations for european policy making.
12029	4	marine chemical ecology: biodiversity indicators and development. ecimar aimed a  diterranean sea, and more precisely the dominant species of the coralligenous and semi-dark cav   coralligenous and semi-dark caves. the first steps included an inventory, a collection and a s   levels. a chemical fingerprint issues. scientific publications since the beginning of the proj
15174	1	he nearest or more related populations. genetic information allows to detect the presence in th
15351	8	g or re-emerging. the wildlife plays an important role as uncontrolled reservoir of many of the  f many of these diseases. nevertheless, human activities are often responsible of the increase   ease the probability of contact between human beings and wildlife, mainly with those species th  s, and to know through which mechanisms human activities promote such changes. the objectives o  ccus sp., using as sentinel species the wild boar, the synantropic carnivores owned by habitant  asing the knowledge about the impact of human activities in the presence and prevalence of the   akes place. it will also be helpful for public authorities to implement actuations to limit dis  rities to implement actuations to limit disease transmission.
2084	3	larly the calanus finmarchicus, plays a key role in the transformation of biomass from lower to  ll be on analyses of a large variety of time series from hydrography, currents, zooplankton, to  model results will be evaluated against time series on abundance and distribution of 0-group fi
13317	2	ealistic 5. testing these approaches in case study areas and expanding the current projections    provide data, scenarios and associated confidence limits so that policy markers and land manag
15568	2	across europe under the joint impact of climate change and human-induced shift in land use. one  imate change and human-induced shift in land use. one of the most spectacular change concerns t
2018	3	the interacting effects of genetic and environmental factors. evidence shows that habitat frag  s in smaller populations with decreased genetic variation and increased risk of inbreeding. mor  l use state-of-the-art microarray-based gene expression technologies and physiological experime
15530	6	ility and is increasingly threatened by land use and climate changes, and associated effects on  increasingly threatened by land use and climate changes, and associated effects on disturbance   understanding the relationships between ecosystem structure and function, as well as the potent  es in semiarid ecosystems, and identify critical points of degradation-agradation dynamics, as   dynamics, as well as to investigate how plant diversity modulates these feedbacks and coupled d  n semiarid ecosystems such as water and soil conservation, and plant productivity. the specifc
12040	3	also pointed out the need for reliable early warning systems for marine invasive species.   pointed out the need for reliable early warning systems for marine invasive species.   liable early warning systems for marine invasive species.
519	6	local and european scales. the regional natural parks play a specific role in this stake due to  nd the national federation for regional natural parks . the identification of corridors will be  idors will be done using new methods of remote sensing. the management of corridors in rural ar  sensing. the management of corridors in rural areas will be analyzed on different scales in rel  ilize a whole of techniques in oriented remote sensing with the objective to define structures   a and surveys on the structures and the political aspects relevant to regional scales. from a p
7182	4	ly limit the spread of carpobrotus. the major problem after eradication of witch - claws lies i  er eradication of witch - claws lies in soil erosion phenomena that occur when the slope is ste  bridization to high frequency, the very important role of pollinators, dissemination fruit / se   in the biodiversity and functioning of coastal ecosystems invaded
10152	2	ty to shift distribution in response to climate change. exploring the relative importance of th  a mate. this study therefore provides a unique opportunity to explore the consequences of range
11496	2	ty to shift distribution in response to climate change. exploring the relative importance of th  a mate. this study therefore provides a unique opportunity to explore the consequences of range
13466	12	broad scale forest fires have determined the post-glacial dynamics   rmined the post-glacial dynamics in the boreal forests and are important for e.g. biodiversity.  pe has decreased dramatically since the middle ages. today most of the forest fires are part of  ince the middle ages. today most of the forest fires are part of low intensity and small scale   effects of broad scale natural fires in modern times on soil and water chemistry as well as on   isms is thus limited. according to many climate models there will be an increased risk of futur  ere will be an increased risk of future forest fires in boreal forests. it is thus of utmost im  ncreased risk of future forest fires in boreal forests. it is thus of utmost importance to take  the rare events of broad scale fires in boreal forests to increase our understanding of the eff  ase our understanding of the effects of forest fires on the above factors. such fires occurred   a sites each in bodträskfors and muddus national park, using adjacent unburnt forests as refere  anding of the importance of large scale forest fires for the functioning and the dynamics of bo
7635	14	etals in accumulating plants for use in chemical processes for clean and simple syntheses requi  bjectives are the development of a real chemical industry valuation of contaminated biomass, pr  . beyond the environmental effects, the health risks are real: recent examples of concern and b  tals, can contain more than 1% of their dry matter zn nor, cd or cu. both techniques are comple   species adapted to the metal stress. a major issue that remains unresolved is the fate of the   t remains unresolved is the fate of the air plant biomass in which the metallic species came to  ecies as catalysts for high value-added chemical reactions. indeed, the tolerant plants and hyp  r of transition metals commonly used in organic chemistry. . most of them are developed on an i  reas of economic life. the conventional industrial production of these catalysts are expensive   gy from ores. it also has a significant environmental impact. ecochim engineering program aims   es. the ultimate goal is to have a real chemical industry valuation of natural remediation proc  nderpinning the program; she joined the plant ecology, microbial ecology, ecology of population  robial ecology, ecology of populations, analytical chemistry and organic chemistry ecological.   f populations, analytical chemistry and organic chemistry ecological. the transfer company and
15205	2	were selected in order to incorporate a wide range of cases: a discrete and sexual polymorphism  phism if the nectar robbers represent a selective pressure opposite to the one exerted by the p
14963	5	odynamic constraints, there is always a trade-off between efficiency and rate. recently, we hav   this high power is at the expense of a high degree of dissipation. in contrast, when extracell   fields such as metabolism, ecology and evolutionary biology. the work outlined in the current   nciples as well as methods derived from game theory and population dynamics. some of the predic  as methods derived from game theory and population dynamics. some of the predictions derived fr
10471	14	fuelled by concerns about the environmental impact of human activities, climate chang  cerns about the environmental impact of human activities, climate change and its affect on the   vironmental impact of human activities, climate change and its affect on the diversity, abundan   and animals have become among the most important issues of modern science. in this context, my  s that are the base of the global ocean food web. their sensitivity to environmental change, e.  rol the success of higher levels of the food chain. i focus on the fossil remains of calcareous  il remains of calcareous nannoplankton, microscopic algae that secrete intricate calcite and/or  secrete intricate calcite and/or by the chemical breakdown of rocks. to investigate this event   gate this event i will collect detailed fossil records and compare with records of plankton bur  the palaeoceanography and palaeoclimate research group, which is actively investigating critica  ely investigating critical intervals of climate change, and will collaborate with the us funded  ing at sediments from a global array of marine environments to record species differences assoc  to a rapid increase in atmospheric co2. calcium carbonate dissolves in acid and given the impor  . thirdly, i want to know whether rapid climate change today or at the petm is important in con
10049	7	stems face changing environments over a wide range of time-scales, from yearly changes to those  nging environments over a wide range of time-scales, from yearly changes to those occurring ove  onmental change has been intensified by human activities. therefore, a key task for understandi  tems, and for predicting the impacts of human activity on those systems, is to understand how e   ecosystem function. by virtue of rapid generation times and very large population sizes, they    bacteria have been widely used to test evolutionary hypotheses in vitro, but no previous studi   the interaction between ecological and evolutionary processes in ecosystems facing environment
2502	6	the rate and absolute magnitude of climate change in the last 150 ye       the rate and absolute magnitude of climate change in the last 150 years is expected to be   xperiment in unusually rapid selection. coastal ecosystems in general, and intertidal systems i  are likely to be profoundly affected by climate change because human impacts have already under  increasing temperatures associated with global warming. the proposal will contribute toward a p  ive model of climate induced changes in coastal ecosystems and appropriate societal responses.
14904	1	he carballedo hatchery, using trout and sea trout captured in the river lerez in all possible c
10164	1	the occurrence of emerging infectious diseases represent a substantial global thre
11247	1	the occurrence of emerging infectious diseases represent a substantial global thre
9859	21	invasive species are a major threat to global biodivers   with human introductions. the american grey squirrel, following multiple introductions into eu  ope, has had a massive impact on native red squirrel populations in the uk, italy and ireland,   nd ireland, causing major shifts in the red squirrel s range. in addition, grey squirrels in th   the red squirrel s range. in addition, grey squirrels in the uk have had an important impact o   disperse widely from italy, displacing red squirrels and harming agroindustry across europe. u  models predict the expansion of italian grey squirrels into france and switzerland within 20-30  0 years. hypotheses. however, models of grey squirrel expansion have been parameterized approxi  alian, british and irish populations of grey squirrels have expanded at substantially different  ers of introduced individuals different expansion rates are due primarily to different levels o  re due primarily to different levels of genetic diversity in the grey squirrel populations in i  rent levels of genetic diversity in the grey squirrel populations in italy and the uk. the rela  lative contributions of both factors to expansion rates will be assessed. results may have majo  irrels, and trapping programs and other field work at two italian and two british sites, one in  s and reds. management implications. if expansion rate of grey squirrels in italy is strongly l  ment implications. if expansion rate of grey squirrels in italy is strongly limited by low gene  els in italy is strongly limited by low genetic diversity, it will be important to prevent the   ereby increasing diversity and speeding expansion rate. this could be accomplished by eradicati  roductions, even of a few squirrels. if expansion rate is limited by competition from red squir  ion rate is limited by competition from red squirrels, it will be essential to prevent the intr  sion patterns are an important tool for conservation policy. the proposed research may help to
11784	2	relatives, which include parasites of a wide range of invertebrates, most famously msx disease   ental sequences will be used to improve phylogenetic reconstructions of endomyxa and their rela
14546	4	thors have recognized the boundaries as active transport surfaces between adjacent ecosystems a   several ecological attributes: biomass turnover rate, species diversity, spatial complexity, n  ity in human exploitation, as different land uses, then an increase in transport intensity is l  e functional connections because of the land uses changes which have occurred between points in
13480	5	. examples of such disturbances include climate change, overexploitation of natural resources,   ude climate change, overexploitation of natural resources, invasion of alien species and destru  es and destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats. the aims of the present project are t  sitivity and elasticity analysis at the community level. we believe that the new approaches to   ervation biology by identifying fragile ecosystem structures and keystone species.
12346	2	d in the intertidal environment. if the waste material from one site can be used to enhance ano  ged material for coastal protection and habitat conservation and will enable the uk to support
11410	6	ned with the ecological consequences of genetic variation. ecological communities are made up o  rmining the outcome of infection on the host community, and the resultant change in host commun   community, and the resultant change in host community species biodiversity. secondary aims are  sity plays in conjunction with parasite genetic diversity in shaping grassland community struct  tion management policy on how important genetic diversity is in maintaining species biodiversit  ersity on the ecology of yellow rattle. genetic analysis of yellow rattle will be undertaken at
9964	6	ned with the ecological consequences of genetic variation. ecological communities are made up o  rmining the outcome of infection on the host community, and the resultant change in host commun   community, and the resultant change in host community species biodiversity. secondary aims are  sity plays in conjunction with parasite genetic diversity in shaping grassland community struct  tion management policy on how important genetic diversity is in maintaining species biodiversit  ersity on the ecology of yellow rattle. genetic analysis of yellow rattle will be undertaken at
10638	5	evolved and is maintained by sexual and natural selection. however, we know little about why ev  . for example, many fishes have evolved new forms in lakes, but not in rivers, including stickl  totilapia calliptera help determine how evolutionary processes may be altered by modern environ  cs of the university of bristol and the natural history museum will provide a positive learning  tion genetics, experimental ecology and molecular phylogenetics.
7688	4	this research project builds on the results achieved by the   ine what is the flexibility in terms of agricultural production systems to set up or restore. .  rategies of organizing the diversity of crop rotations and crop sequences associated. . on this   establishment of frames. this new diva research program will allow lawyers to deepen their res
10722	1	f laboratory and field experiments, and data analysis from field surveys in both the uk and the
2117	1	ion going some 5000 years back into the bronze age. however, increases in numbers sheep density
7603	2	cal improvement soils affected by daily human activities and global changes. vivasol the projec  diversity, especially lombricidés, as a key element that can effectively control soil adaptabil
7632	13	ct to european regulations. now, if the climate changes, these crop areas may be limited. our g  nd common species for which we will use statistical models that will calculate crop areas with   l calculate crop areas with and without climate change. within an interdisciplinary group of la  r the regulation of changes produced by climate change on crop areas. the idea is to imagine in   a changing world. habitat destruction, invasive species and climate change are the most import  bitat destruction, invasive species and climate change are the most important threats to the bi  y of ecosystem services. in particular, global warming is affecting forest ecosystems at multip  particular, global warming is affecting forest ecosystems at multiple levels: species distribut  ability of forests to these changes for forest management planning and conservation of these ha  eir environmental aspirations face this climate change. it is essential to choose, design and i  nt of collection areas, however, if the climate changes, the provenance areas will no longer be  ion denouveaux genotypes on sites where local populations are already established but also on t   economic challenges posed by these new forest resources
13721	4	oal is to integrate studies of adaptive genetic variation in natural populations with ecologica  f populations at varying ecological and genetic distances will be quantified to evaluate the re  tified to evaluate the relative role of genetic drift versus locally varying selection pressure  pecific populations is important, since gene flow is generally thought to erode local adaptatio
15318	4	s have been traditionally considered as binary systems and studied in isolation from the effect   the performance of pollen germination, pollen tube growth or ovule fertilization. we formulate  y of important parameters of the sexual reproductive system of animal-pollinated plants, includ  t set, seed size, outcrossing rate, and genetic diversity and relatedness of maternal seed prog
15131	9	erse habitats including soil, water and marine sediments. recently, strains of this genus have   ing nodules. in the last four years our research group has isolated many micromonospora strains  r. taxonomic studies carried out by our research team indicate that many of these isolates repr  ese isolates represent new species. the significant numbers of micromonospora populations in th  e complete set of genes responsible for nitrogen fixation in legumes also remains to be studied  monospora and frankia suggest a lateral gene transfer between these microorganisms and deserves  d light into our understanding of their evolutionary history. our work has shown that micromono  y to produce secondary metabolites with biological activity. therefore some of these molecules   an play a significant role in low-input sustainable agriculture application for crops. with the
9921	1	tween larval chironomid communities and ecosystem structure: for example, assessing the specifi
7700	4	organic waste products the level where objects are units of pro  ts of production, processing and use of organic materials, stakeholder groups and where process  cesses are transformations and flows of organic materials, regulations, and costs. for both lev   region. consideration of situations in developing countries will increase the contrast, which
7717	1	r significant mobilization costs of the raw material. forest plantations
11071	3	ent aims to highlight the importance of climate change in relation to the ecology and viability   the ecology and viability of plant and animal species. climatic patterns worldwide are changin  e following issues: to what extent does global warming impact on the biology of particular spec
15209	1	in a framework of climatic change, and human activities, can affect the dynamics of communitie
7606	2	re the realities and the ecological and social issues of these spaces shared gardens and home g  d gardens for ecological engineering in urban areas this research aims to provide answers to th
7695	2	the results: institutional approach to development projects, relationships between characteris  ionships between characteristics of the green belt and agricultural activities, practices and s
2527	5	the rate and absolute magnitude of climate change in the last 150 ye       the rate and absolute magnitude of climate change in the last 150 years is expected to be   xperiment in unusually rapid selection. coastal ecosystems in general, and intertidal systems i  are likely to be profoundly affected by climate change because human impacts have already under  ive model of climate induced changes in coastal ecosystems and appropriate societal responses.
14891	2	the direct and indirect effects of climate change are likely to affect the distribution of  ne to assess the current state of scots pine forests in eastern spain at the regional scale, qu
7198	5	cological services: biomass production, soil conservation and biodiversity, and carbon storage,   on ecological processes, technical and social innovation processes and their interactions, to   techniques and more sustainable systems support systems. work proceeds in four fields of study   hysical sciences / technical sciences / social sciences, will strengthen the northern and south  e complex innovations for intensive but sustainable agriculture
13929	5	and sustainable methods for controlling insect pests. to achieve this we must understand the pr  les will be added to all stands. beetle population growth rate will be used as dependent variab   added to all stands. beetle population growth rate will be used as dependent variable. we also   population growth rate will be used as dependent variable. we also intend to continue to follo  d to continue to follow and analyse the population dynamics of leaf beetles and their natural e
14481	1	large regions to priorise activities of ecological restoration.
15294	11	soil is a natural resource with a high socio-economic value, but   ons but is very sensitive to changes in land uses and the presence of contaminants. mining acti  hey are a continuous source of risk for heavy metal pollution to soil, air, surface water and g  its content in soil in order to develop risk assessment systems. the risk caused to organisms i  il factors such as watering regime, ph, organic matter content, clay, etc.. which will influenc  sing the level of metals in soil is the first step to determine risk level. however, chemical a   step to determine risk level. however, chemical analysis alone is not adequate to comprehensiv   and to assess their transfer along the food web. however, monitoring campaigns to determine th  effect on soil biota. in this sense the new technologies of molecular biology applied to the de  . in this sense the new technologies of molecular biology applied to the development of biosens  o assess metal transference in the soil food web 4- to design the methodology t
15295	4	m with an unlimited capability to store toxic waste without generating, at least in the short t  ste without generating, at least in the short term, undesirable effects. it was in 1972 with th  hen it was recognized that soils were a natural resource that needed a special protection in or   analyse the spatial variability in the heavy metal content in soils, the available fraction an
14230	8	it is increasingly clear that environmental degradation and scarcity play a key role   nmental degradation and scarcity play a key role in conflicts and instability and consequently   the extent that needs for resources and environmental services can be met without damaging sust  systems. growing disequilibrium between human beings and other species is now increasing becaus   infrastructures, the rise in mobility, urban sprawl, agricultural practices and tourism are al  the project: 1 to analyze political and legal status of baltic sea region concerning environmen  ea. 3 conduct research in the fields of environmental policy, environmental impact assessment,    in the fields of environmental policy, environmental impact assessment, management and educati
14204	1	effect on structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. such analyses will provide us upscal
11050	3	lting from geographical isolation, is a driving force in speciation, but he also thought that p  ric speciation. during the last decade, mathematical models have shown that sympatric speciatio   comparison with an est library for the oil palm, provide possible functions for any orfs found
11841	3	lting from geographical isolation, is a driving force in speciation, but he also thought that p  ric speciation. during the last decade, mathematical models have shown that sympatric speciatio   comparison with an est library for the oil palm, provide possible functions for any orfs found
15108	1	cture-function of aquatic ecosystems to climate change.
14770	3	the andean rivers and the scarce water management tools available in andean countries and on t  ies to improve and increase their water quality control and management of the andean watersheds  utilization in zones where material and human resources are scarce. in addition, these results
14807	1	nt or absent. from this point stems the central objective of this project, the main aim of whic
10062	3	geneous landscapes, or those where some habitat types have been lost, act as barriers to the mo  cology, principally pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating, to sediments that have accumulated   to such stakeholders, as well as to the scientific community and to the wider public.
7708	1	n the logic of the millennium ecosystem assessment work results in the field of aquaculture. we
7661	5	urban pigeon is an integral part of urban ecosystems worldwide. despite it  worldwide. despite its pervasiveness in urban areas and proximity to urban dwellers, there is l  iveness in urban areas and proximity to urban dwellers, there is little known to scientists. ob  racterize the main zoonoses pigeon from blood samples and droppings. ec2: sampling of 2,000 pig  ity of the pigeon. ec6: correlative and experimental study of the influence of individual chara
7203	7	rs are among those most responsible for crop losses worldwide. management relies heavily on the  these products represents a significant financial burden for farmers and it frequently leads to  imensions to be interested in the whole life cycle of organisms and habitats that they all atte  nd and, secondly, largely determine the population dynamics through recurrent episodes of dispe  osystem compartments. adapting to their host plant- plant will be the first part of the project  lity combining graph theory and dynamic game theory will also be developed to study the impact   mies; this knowledge will help identify risk factors for the protection of plants and offer the
14163	10	climate change is able to initate modifications in mari  nge is able to initate modifications in marine ecosystems, the most radical ones are so called   shifts. these abrupt reorganizations of ecosystem structure may alter biodiversity and carrying  em structure may alter biodiversity and carrying capacity, together with a changed balance in e  ity, together with a changed balance in energy transfer through the pelagic and benthic systems  s. in addition to climate, a variety of human activities may either modify the climate-induced   a shift to exogenous feeding during the larval stage is the most critical life history stage wh  g the larval stage is the most critical life history stage where failure to find suitable food   ct is to describe and analyze, based on long term, datasets individual and population-level per  population-level performance of various life history stages of marine fish in the gulf of riga
15062	2	is kind of mimicry is very common among bird species worldwide but is still poorly studied, in   in the first case, we will focus on the learning processes, represented by either true imitatio
14633	4	the study of social behaviour and cooperation among vertebrates is a   and cooperation among vertebrates is a central issue in evolutionary biology. the paradox of t  among vertebrates is a central issue in evolutionary biology. the paradox of the seemingly altr  h general implications in the fields of evolutionary biology, behavioural ecology, socio-biolog
14801	2	organisms combining sexual and asexual reproduction in their life cycle are good model  exual and asexual reproduction in their life cycle are good models for investigating ecological
15311	1	just one or a few species of each kind evolutionary biologists have devoted a large body of re
6739	6	plants from nurseries and greenhouses. global climate change can also facilitate dispersal and   from nurseries and greenhouses. global climate change can also facilitate dispersal and probab  ese changes are fast on an evolutionary time scale; therefore only species capable of quickly a  e will look at ecological tolerance and life history strategies in model populations of widely   s-pairs. we will conduct laboratory and field observations and experiments on developmental sta  sticity. such plasticity, especially in life history parameters, is of high adaptive value ther
14124	7	dered one of the most important aims of environmental policy in europe. the botanical focus of    grasslands has been to protect rare or endangered species that are characteristic to these com   successful conservation and management experimental study of endangered species has been an in  on and management experimental study of endangered species has been an inevitable part of activ  lishment and further growth of selected endangered species will be studied in a series of field  ology of disturbance-related herbs. our working hypotheses are: regime and can play a major rol  play a major role in the recruitment of endangered species. the results of our research will be
15033	4	with current trends of climatic change, invasive species are predicted to become more numerous   d to become more numerous and may cause major problems for the environment and regional ecomomi  ies in the future. as such the study of exotic species to predict their invasion potential and   t it is debated if we can predict which exotic species may become invasive and if there are par
14758	1	roductive patterns studied in different human populations allow to know the influence of socio-
10214	6	interaction between the environment and learning processes that occur early in the life histori  rning processes that occur early in the life histories of coral reef fishes, we model the dispe  at occur early in the life histories of coral reef fishes, we model the dispersal and subsequen  ur early in the life histories of coral reef fishes, we model the dispersal and subsequent recr  gy of learning in embryos and larvae of coral reef fishes. i will use results from these studie  learning in embryos and larvae of coral reef fishes. i will use results from these studies to t
10949	3	n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio  oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com  ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b
11056	3	n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio  oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com  ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b
11425	3	n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio  oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com  ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b
11432	3	n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio  oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com  ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b
9893	3	n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio  oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com  ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b
9900	3	n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio  oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com  ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b
2037	2	loss and increase of biodiversity in marine ecosystems over relatively short periods of time   some of the ideas will be applied in a case study of the north sea or the wadden sea. selectio
1943	7	this project is part of a research programme that aims to develop multidisciplina  cy strategy on agro- biodiversity. this research project is directed towards the economic impli  doc, with a background in economics and business administration, conducts analyses taking the p  istration, conducts analyses taking the public good theory and the new institutional economy as   and the new institutional economy as a starting point. with a special attention to market anal  ting point. with a special attention to market analysis, an assessment of potential market shar  et analysis, an assessment of potential market shares as well as an assessment of optimality of
2103	1	is to achieve a better understanding of marine ecosystem management with a combination of ecolo
2203	2	dget generates the largest reduction in social costs from aquatic species invasion. the ultimat  he best management strategy for species risk management. this, in turn, requires three classes
12513	12	y of organic farming and the effects of government policies on the organic sector and public po  5 accounting for ca. 4% of agricultural land use on 3500 holdings, with 10-20% growth expected    market has also grown rapidly, with uk retail sales up 30% in 2005 to £1.6 billion. the decisi  transparent price setting procedures in organic food markets and effective policy-making all re  ffective policy-making all require good financial data and a soundly-based understanding of the  rst two project objectives cover annual data collection and reporting on organic farm business   t present, therefore some supplementary data collection is required to balance the samples to b  m business data have been collected and annual reports on the output, costs and income situatio  im of fully integrating organic farming data collection into the main annual farm business surv  s, aberystwyth will continue to produce annual reports analysing the results for different orga   providing an improved understanding of key issues where policy intervention or adjustments mig  l benefit through access to data on the financial performance of organic farms and the potentia
14970	2	capacity of these species to cope with climate change. this main objective will be reached by   ing out ten specific tasks scheduled to take place in continental mediterranean locations .
14433	5	d by water stress and other unfavorable environmental factors. the majority of terrestrial plan  a rhodopensis dehydrated at optimal and high temperatures; 2 to assess the effect of light duri  ea growing at low or high irradiance in natural habitat. the effect of stress treatments will b  n plants subjected to desiccation under high temperature or irradiance as well as during recove   too. the analysis of the dsps and hsps gene expression pattern and the expression of the main
13870	3	current environmental issues in the baltic environment are the   effects of i high light intensities . a central question to be answered is will uvbr function a   be answered is will uvbr function as a selective pressure thereby altering the microalgal biod
2208	5	r project are to: • develop an adaptive management program for the sustainable use of lake recr  ll involve o an experimental whole lake management study focused on the effect of catch and rel  ent areas on fish community and overall ecosystem dynamics. • investigate the effects of differ  ffects of different fish harvestings on ecosystem dynamics. focus will be on the analysis of re  critical changes in the systems. theses management tools will be developed together with the ot
2514	5	f the worlds largest stocks of herring, blue whiting, mackerel, capelin, cod, haddock and saith  observed range of climatic variability, statistical models parameterised for the present climat  al dynamics of the fish stocks over the entire life cycle and their interactions with the envir  mics of the fish stocks over the entire life cycle and their interactions with the environment   or present day climate and for a future climate change scenario. eco-harvest control rules for
6729	1	f dental erodation in order to discover eating habits, to give a morphometric analysis of the l
14988	3	r knowledge about the ecology of marine coastal waters has significantly increased. however, th  ological problems fishes are vectors of organic carbon transport between algal assemblages and   from contributing to increase basic and general knowledge, we expect that the outcomes of our r
14989	3	r knowledge about the ecology of marine coastal waters has significantly increased. however, th  ological problems fishes are vectors of organic carbon transport between algal assemblages and   from contributing to increase basic and general knowledge, we expect that the outcomes of our r
2073	3	rdisciplinary covering the axis ecology-social sciences aiming at identifying the determinants   ariability and internal dynamics within plant communities can bring about long lasting transiti  esource use and climatic variation. the social science studies are based on the expectation tha
2086	3	rdisciplinary covering the axis ecology-social sciences aiming at identifying the determinants   ariability and internal dynamics within plant communities can bring about long lasting transiti  esource use and climatic variation. the social science studies are based on the expectation tha
10720	1	commercial sector, and to regional and national governments. the ppd grant will allow us to re
15482	1	w this, in turn, determines the spatial self-organization of species and ecosystems. the outcom
10106	1	s within a 50 square km area of lowland rain forest. now i propose to return to these plots to
13754	3	tal actors have human-centered aims for restoration projects based on particular expertise and    funding is allocated towards ecosystem restoration projects based upon articulated aims of eit  ore inherent tensions in, and potential added values of, restoration. we will: propose ways to
11402	6	given increasing political and public concern for the environment, and resulting chang  vely managed or restored grasslands are key elements of managed and natural landscapes, and mee  pothesis and its relevance to local and regional development by producing a conceptual model of  and regional development by producing a conceptual model of relationships among plant and micro  f local stakeholders, land managers and policy makers, to meet these needs by transferring know   rural development will be delivered to policy makers. outreach to managers and the public will
481	2	given increasing political and public concern for the environment, and resulting chang  ified, and their relationships to plant-microbial diversity linkages analysed. wp6 will use a s
10141	4	ystem services in response to high risk natural hazards and accelerated environmental changes w   and increase resilience of the poor of natural hazards, and enhancing the capacity of central   d enhancing the capacity of central and local authorities to co-ordinate and implement the mana  t schemes by the engagement with policy/decision makers from the early consortium building stag
11169	4	ystem services in response to high risk natural hazards and accelerated environmental changes w   and increase resilience of the poor of natural hazards, and enhancing the capacity of central   d enhancing the capacity of central and local authorities to co-ordinate and implement the mana  t schemes by the engagement with policy/decision makers from the early consortium building stag
13987	8	agricultural production is expected to continue to expa  to expand globally, despite substantial trade-offs with other ecosystem services. this has led   stinct bundles that change with altered land uses, spatial scales and management practices, and  ica, where we have substantial previous field experience and are well connected to researchers,  ll connected to researchers, actors and policy makers. both landscapes contain large-scale comm  ial farming, small-scale farming, and a national park/nature reserve. using case studies from t  mall-scale farming, and a national park/nature reserve. using case studies from two widely diff  d a national park/nature reserve. using case studies from two widely different landscapes will
7675	11	ltiple spatial and temporal scales. our interdisciplinary research team proposes to explore thi   temporal scales. our interdisciplinary research team proposes to explore this network hypothes  nder combined scenarios of land-use and climate change for the grenoble urban region in the fre   ecosystem services are interconnected. trade-offs and synergies will be quantified by a specif   the urban region, we will focus on two case study sub-systems: the intensively farmed valley u  andscape of forests and grasslands in a mountain range south of the city. as beneficiaries of e   be involved in formulating the project working hypotheses and scenarios. these scenarios will   . these scenarios will build on current urban planning exercises by public authorities, and dow   on current urban planning exercises by public authorities, and downscaling of land-use and cli  rities, and downscaling of land-use and climate change projections. we will engage stakeholders  ison of scenarios and the assessment of trade-offs in order to foster a dialog on development p
14328	1	in this research proposal, we target to provide insight on the
12594	12	rategic mapping and spatial analysis of public benefits . the overall aim of this defra project  ill assess the availability of data and scientific evidence on peatland ecosystem service provi  ity of the evidence base using detailed case studies. the concept of ecosystem services is inte  erdisciplinary and critically linked to human welfare and societal choice. therefore, a transdi  partnership, one of the biggest uk peat restoration projects, in collaboration with internation  and and lowland peatlands demonstration case study sites in different states of degradation and  system services for each site. for each case study we will identify and map key ecosystem servi   provided by peat. the project team has direct access to a large number of potential sites and   t flows for ecosystem services from the case study sites and map opportunity and conflict zones  he transferability of results from each case study to other areas. as a result the project will  to provide recommendations to scope and set-up a phase 2 peatland ecosystem service project in   linary approach by involving social and environmental scientists and key stakeholders from the
7629	8	major environmental challenge. indeed, urban areas are characterized by extreme human impacts   describe the impact of threats to non - urban areas for decades, and propose appropriate manage  service of pollination in urban and non-urban areas. the ever increasing impact of human activi  an areas. the ever increasing impact of human activities on the biosphere is strongly linked to  of cities worldwide, almost 50 % of the human population lives in cities grimm [ 2008 ]. in met  , more than ¾ of the population live in urban areas, which currently cover nearly 20 % of the t  y native species or the introduction of exotic species reach extreme values ​​in urban areas. w  xotic species reach extreme values ​​in urban areas. well, this denotes the cities as a new bio
1092	2	the research program aims at comparing the relationship bet  so to study the brackish bentho-pelagic food webs. the analysis of multispectral and multiscala
15116	5	uate the quality of the territory using biodiversity indicators at landscape and ecosystem leve  iodiversity of soil and the aboveground plant communities. the proposed methodology and sustain   the way these services are affected by human activities. it is also expected to establish, if   heritage critical level, defined as the natural resources essential and impossible to replace a   it is expected to provide planning and management tools, and also to offer future sceneries of
15117	5	uate the quality of the territory using biodiversity indicators at landscape and ecosystem leve  iodiversity of soil and the aboveground plant communities. the proposed methodology and sustain   the way these services are affected by human activities. it is also expected to establish, if   heritage critical level, defined as the natural resources essential and impossible to replace a   it is expected to provide planning and management tools, and also to offer future sceneries of
7168	2	es that ensure the stability of lowland deciduous forests. the results show that a representati  ative ectomycorrhizal community of many deciduous forests of western and central europe plain i
7565	2	ommunities associated with two types of deciduous forests, one materialized by an old oak grove  r questions, statements and mycorrhizal fruiting bodies will be performed at various spatial an
14946	1	ants threatened populations and for the ecological restoration of their habitats, especially wh
13741	4	mentation on biodiversity with focus on boreal forest edges. the main objective is to assess th  ture of edges are quantified in digital aerial photographs. vascular plants, lichens and beetle  odel will be constructed for predicting edge effects on biodiversity at landscape level. expect  evel. expected outputs include width of buffer zones around key biotopes, minimum patch size fo
13318	1	rtium so constituted unites the premier natural history collections-based institutions, to prog
15269	5	the nitrogen total inputs to evergreen holm oak forests in the northeastern region of the iber  nitrogen total inputs to evergreen holm oak forests in the northeastern region of the iberian p  al models in use for the calculation of critical loads for n will be applied, in order to deter  determine the protection state of these holm oak forests.   mine the protection state of these holm oak forests.
199	3	wing trees. saplings of european aspen, silver birch, triploid aspen and hybrid aspen will be g  humidity might decrease with increasing growth rate both at the level of one species and in com  cy in mineral nutrients and decrease in growth rate. experiments in growth chambers and leaf ch
2055	1	and without particular adaptations. the research team combines molecular, phylogeographic, and
15302	1	the freshwater fish fauna of the western mediterranean has
198	4	nal morphology and electrophysiology in click beetles and ground beetles . functioning of anten  onment will be given much attention. by gas chromatography-electroantennography method chemical  heromone and kairomone communication in click beetles and ground beetles will be studied. mecha  se insects will be explained also. some international cooperation with swedish pheromone chemis
7123	3	n the capabilities of mineralization of organic matter, the possibility of alteration of soil m  the composition and functioning of soil microbial populations. so we are in the situation where  e a central element in the stability of forest ecosystems, absorbing unit
538	7	ationship between environmental change, land use changes, biodiversity, and functioning of fore  anges, biodiversity, and functioning of forest ecosystems. the network has a strong focus on de  essing the impact of environmental- and land use changes on microbial diversity and function an   environmental- and land use changes on microbial diversity and function and exploring the evol  ly by taking into account the impact of forest management on microbial diversity below ground c  ount the impact of forest management on microbial diversity below ground can one hope to get a   useful information for conservation and policy making.
6910	2	r management strategies on the fauna of apple orchards. an apple orchard with integrated plant   gies on the fauna of apple orchards. an apple orchard with integrated plant projection will be
15289	2	. the aim of this subproject is analyse plant diversity of arable fields and field boundaries r   definition of a balanced management of crop production and biodiversity conservation in medite
7202	5	the project and expected results of the research project concerns microger microbial ecology in  gy in agricultural and forest soils and environmental issues related to it. the soil is one of   the soil is one of larger reservoirs of microbial diversity. the composition and functioning of   in other words, genetic and functional microbial diversity of agricultural and forest ecosyste  microbial diversity of agricultural and forest ecosystems nont never been associated. the netwo
12507	3	reliance on legume derived nitrogen but long term fertility building leys are expensive, partic  , iger. the project will be guided by a steering committee. benefits this project is of direct    be of benefit to other stakeholders eg policy makers and regulatory bodies.
11669	13	process is expected to lead to loss of genetic variation in the region flanking the target of   replacement of the typical morph of the peppered moth, biston betularia, by the black carbonari  progressively eroded over time, and for genetic diversity to have been at least partially resto   to both space and time, by integrating genetic information not only from samples collected at   lection and dispersal, whose impacts on genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium are expect  n space and time. secondly, it provides documentary evidence of a clinal selective sweep, as op  ultiple mutational origins. patterns in genetic diversity will be explained with respect to sel  to the understanding of science. beyond evolutionary biologists, this is relevant both to the g  iologists, this is relevant both to the general public, who are already familiar with the story   are already familiar with the story of industrial melanism in peppered moths, and to environme  ith the story of industrial melanism in peppered moths, and to environmental policy makers who   rial melanism in peppered moths, and to environmental policy makers who need to appreciate the   in peppered moths, and to environmental policy makers who need to appreciate the evolutionary r
14434	4	e management of environment, studies on natural habitats’ fragmentation become more intensive.   ine the effect of ski-runs in the pirin national park on the biodiversity of 7 model groups of   f model groups will be determined using different approaches based on the method of study plots   exists, with the aim to minimizing the negative effects on biodiversity.
10175	3	quantitative measurements will be made of rates of gene   single filaments of cyanobacteria from laboratory cultures. quantitative pcr assays will be de  rates of rbc genes and genes coding for gas vesicle proteins will be determined in planktothrix
7697	1	fectiveness of ecological continuity in rural areas, given that this type of space is now also
13806	4	climate change will lead to shifts in species distribut  establishment rate and pattern. we will start up by simulating fictitious species’ colonization   for a red-listed moss as a function of dead wood quantity and turnover under different scenari  d turnover under different scenarios of climate change. predictions of future species distribut
2068	1	teraction for plant seed production and population dynamics is examined. finally, an experiment
14814	7	itions that will increase the degree of abiotic stress experienced by these areas. these change   proposal is to evaluate the effects of abiotic stress on two terrestrial ecosystems ecosystem   ion, structure and functioning along an abiotic stress gradient. this proposal will provide rel  l will provide relevant information for policy makers to establish legislation aiming to mitiga  ation aiming to mitigate the effects of climate change, and for land managers to establish appr   land managers to establish appropriate land use policies in mediterranean gypsum and alpine sh   in europe and are highly vulnerable to climate change.
14754	2	ysiology and the original habitat of an endangered species erica andevalensis cabezudo & rivera  al parameters important to the study of heavy metal resistance and excluding mechanisms. the lo
15270	1	deposition , and the secretariat of the executive body of clrtap. both institutions will be ext
15216	4	on of atmospheric nitrogen derived from human activities through changes in different structura  erranean scrub ecosystem represented by kermes oak thickets in a protected area in the center o  low us to approach the knowledge of the critical load of the system, understood as the entry of  hanged but above it shows the rapid and drastic changes such as loss of biodiversity.
13614	2	ion in combination with new surveys and data analyses, the proposed project provides a unique o  alyses, the proposed project provides a unique opportunity to evaluate effects of changes in cl
2172	5	he forest-alpine transition zone due to global warming. since steep temperature-productivity gr  , two fundamental effects are expected: remote sensing. this technology is the most sensitive a  e to detect local and rapid change over short time periods and extensive areas at reasonable co   of elevation gradients, and changes in tree line and biomass stores in the mountain forest wil  nt and growth of trees along the alpine tree line. by doing so, we will be able to provide esti
416	4	rial forests. laminaria digitata is the dominant species along the brittany coast where it is h  susceptibility of l. digitata stands to physical stresses. our results show that l. digitata st  otentially threatened by the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activity. indeed, l. d  f the populations. finally, even though genetic diversity seems to be decreasing under the effe
2002	2	the effects of changes in temperature, water table and n input on growth and competition betwe  h and the concentrations of the various chemical compounds that affect dead moss decomposition.
13533	1	ect effects mediated via changes in the carrying capacity. the objectives of this project is: a
15100	5	general circulation models predict an increase in temperature a  ring the next decades. these effects of climate change are likely to affect the functioning and  affect the functioning and structure of forest ecosystems and, ultimately, the distribution of   eciduous oaks to analyze the effects of climate change on vegetative growth and acorn productio  getative growth and acorn production of holm oak and deciduous oaks by modelling techniques.
14920	7	limate exerts a major influence on soil organic carbon content and, consequently, there is incr  ks resulting in the stimulation of soil organic matter mineralization with associated release o  associated release of co2 and dissolved organic carbon describing the possible mechanisms invol  d and feedback effects by developping a mathematical model which would allow to link biodiversi  ch would allow to link biodiversity and carbon cycle. these three aims will provide a better un  nal response of peatlands ecosystems to global warming and, therefore, will reduce uncertainati  , will reduce uncertainaties for future climate change predictions.
15397	10	ces for the distribution, phenology and life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming majo  d life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming majority of studies conducted in the palae  onents of the ecosystem are affected by climate change. in the present project, variation in li  e. in the present project, variation in life history traits of some bird species is examined in  ariation in life history traits of some bird species is examined in relation to environmental f  in aims are to study the: 1. effects of climate warming on life history traits of birds using l  y the: 1. effects of climate warming on life history traits of birds using long-term data in me  mediterranean ecosystems. 4. effects of climate change on demographic parameters of coexisting   species in the mediterranean region. 5. genetic diversity and differentiation of insectivorous   in wetlands and their implications in a climate change scenario.
15384	2	recent decades and atmospheric general circulation models , and will try to determine whether   ssociated with corresponding changes in plant community composition, structure or ecophysiologi
2139	7	obes and soil fauna use litter and soil organic matter as energy, carbon and nutrient sources f   increase in the mineralisation of soil organic matter by microbes and microarthropods, which a  cies, species and population densities, life cycles, population dynamics and turnover in microa   and population densities, life cycles, population dynamics and turnover in microarthopod commu  d research will be complementary to the ongoing research, and the role of the microarthropods i  ystem will be elucidated. sampling will take place in existing field plots, in addition to esta  urbations within the ecosystems, and by laboratory studies.
2080	7	climate change may have profound effects on insects tha  rtality and have significant impacts on forest ecosystems. the spruce bark beetle . the project  mpacts on forest ecosystems. the spruce bark beetle . the project aims at increasing our unders   climatic factors influence the risk of bark beetle outbreaks through tempo-spatial analyses of  m and the risk of damages by the spruce bark beetle will be estimated under various scenarios o  be estimated under various scenarios of climate change. the results will be made available for    available for economical modelling and forest management adaptations in various districts of n
10526	2	ses in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide , one of the centres of excellence for m  ience in the uk and with an established track record of research into co2-driven changes in sea
13855	2	ght and nutrient availability, existing experimental studies mainly manipulate nutrient load on  ant growth and determine the quality of organic matter transfer to higher trophic levels. recen
10814	10	the next fifty years will be a critical time for life on this planet. our actions with  generation has had such responsibility. coral reefs are the most biologically diverse of marine  fs are the most biologically diverse of marine ecosystems and are arguably the most deeply thre  r lost worldwide largely as a result of climate change, overexploitation and pollution. we urge  al human pressures and is on the global front line of coral reef degradation. it is also the wo  ures and is on the global front line of coral reef degradation. it is also the world centre of   ow they are affected by factors such as body size, size at maturity, depth range and desirabili  reef degradation. it is the aim of this pilot project to gather data on the causes and rates of  ocus public attention on the problem of coral reef degradation, the consequences of biodiversit  es of biodiversity loss for today s and future generations, and the importance of action to ame
10954	2	of the species together with associated gene flow and will be interpreted in relation to the cu  ted number of winter samples and from a time series of samples from the eastern american seaboa
13829	1	on polypore-living insects was done the first year. three manuscripts based on data collected e
13467	2	opulations and the complex interplay of population dynamics and population genetics. i will use  t are fundamental within ecological and evolutionary biology research, and of considerable rele
11682	1	de quantitative inventories of plants . data analysis of community-wide properties of each asse
2005	4	inities via the quality and quantity of carbon source inputs into the system. fot rerestrial ec  estrial ecosystems, it is expected that global climate changes will affect plants most directly   ecosystems, it is expected that global climate changes will affect plants most directly, and t  dance of fungi and bacteria, as well as functional groups within thes microbial groups, with pa
12193	2	large declines in uk farmland bird populations have become a major conservation issue  nd bird populations have become a major conservation issue and the uk government is committed t
2095	5	de novo by the fish, but stem from the natural food of the species. carotenoids could have bot  arotenoids could have both positive and negative effects on the viability of fish eggs and larv  ability to avoid deleterious effects of free radicals during growth. however, too high intake o  tain carotenoids has been shown to have negative effects. in salmon, there seems to be a consid  evant for a proper management of viable salmon populations.
13441	5	ked alluvial fan in the kalahari basin, north-east botswana. it comprises a rich mosaic of habi   and initiates forage growth during the dry season, allowing the area to support a wide variety  ls and plants, making it a major global tourist attraction with its unique biodiversity and aes   strategies and to assess the potential environmental impacts of the delta´s principal conserva  mental impacts of the delta´s principal conservation issues. this will be achieved by gathering
423	5	rature of the whole water column in the continental shelf of the bay of biscay increased by abo  e bay of biscay increased by about 1°c. temporal data sets from scientific trawl surveys were u   the three last decades, in relation to climate change and effects of fishery. during the ninet  e effects. total landings of the french fishing fleets operating in the region reflect these ch  geographical origin of fishes and their market value, and prices changes have been strongly inf
7140	4	the impacts of fishing and climate change on ecological processes in maintaining e  als -centrée. a statistical analysis of time series approach to biological, environmental and f  ding to the effects of fishing and / or climate change. changes in commercial fisheries of the   f temperatures and changes over time of fishing fleets on this structure will be simulated by a
14966	2	g evidences indicate that the temperate river systems, and in particular those in the mediterra   to the comprehension of the effects of climate change on mediterranean stream ecosystems.
14469	4	cale; to calculate basic descriptors of genetic diversity at species, inter- and intrapopulatio   and intrapopulation level; to estimate gene flow rates of different species; to identify spati  entation that are necessary to maintain genetic diversity; to correlate genetic parameters with  e both in situ and ex situ conservation action plans.
7125	2	This research project aims to study the impact of global cha  ntext, essential to tackle the issue of climate change impacts on biodiversity and functioning
540	6	ful information to find out their major driving forces. understanding the impact of climate cha  ing forces. understanding the impact of climate change on these ecosystems, the management of t  mpile and validate several multidecadal time series of planktonic and other physical driving fo  series of planktonic and other physical driving forces at local and regional scales. then, the    atlantic climate variability, although abrupt changes in different local community composition  the north sea . on the other hand, both climate change and the improvement of trophic status in
15184	1	logy. that is, microbial communities in inland waters are linked by dispersal making up the met
15315	1	logy. that is, microbial communities in inland waters are connected by dispersal making up a me
15245	2	habitat modification by land use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss,  scarce. landscape modification by human land use is also considered to be one of the major driv
13953	1	ion on biodiversity of macrofauna using mussel beds as a model system. habitat loss is a main c
13830	1	he coastal zone. the effect of juvenile growth rate on the survival during later life stages wi
12177	4	and historic features, and they play a key role in wildlife conservation, stock management, sh  c features, and they play a key role in wildlife conservation, stock management, shelter and er  important future role in adaptation for climate change by facilitating the movement of species    on factors such as hedgerow structure. data analysis at the end of the project will inform any
11547	7	inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity are believed to reduce the ability of  s and t. gallinae/l. marchouxi by feral ground dove populations on mauritius. genetic and pedig  on in inbreeding within each endangered bird population. sympatric populations of the introduce  ced indian ringneck parakeet and barred ground dove will provide out-bred control populations.   mmunocompetence across breeding and non-breeding seasons and provide estimates of heritability   nd provide estimates of heritability of immune response. existing studies assume low immunocomp  h of the four populations using the pha skin test and hemolysis-haemagglutination assays. pha m
2136	9	ding norwegian spring spawning herring, blue whiting, mackerel and horse mackerel. these plankt  ing herring, blue whiting, mackerel and horse mackerel. these planktivorous stocks have substan   therefore remains a major challenge in marine ecology. the main goal of the project is to quan  ntify the interactions between herring, blue whiting, mackerel and horse mackerel in the norweg  een herring, blue whiting, mackerel and horse mackerel in the norwegian sea. this goal will be   gh a combined effort involving historic data analysis and modeling. the project will benefit st  their overlap and interactions over the life cycle. the project will improve our understanding   ystem management including estimates of carrying capacity of planktivorous fish and distributio  h and distribution of fish stocks among economic zones.
13944	1	tem that has received a large influx of exotic species. the relative importance of local and re
14718	6	land use and climate changes have been suggested as the                             land use and climate changes have been suggested as the two main thr  thesised as one of the most affected by global climate change. in the particular case of spain,  d as one of the most affected by global climate change. in the particular case of spain, it cou   and simulated models on the effects of climate change on species distribution and abundance. s  enarios of simultaneously landscape and climate change on habitat suitability for the studied s
14833	6	present the evidence of the effects of climate change on calluna heath is very limited. howeve  ed project is to analyse the effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversi   analyse the effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversity, dynamic and   effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversity, dynamic and functioning o  et heathlands located in the cantabrian mountain range at the southern distribution limit, and   ed, and on a large scale as a result of climate change, which can displace current conditions t
14832	6	present the evidence of the effects of climate change on calluna heath is very limited. howeve  ed project is to analyse the effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversi   analyse the effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversity, dynamic and   effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversity, dynamic and functioning o  et heathlands located in the cantabrian mountain range at the southern distribution limit, and   ed, and on a large scale as a result of climate change, which can displace current conditions t
15207	1	he project are: 1 to assess whether the water source to evaluate the impact of climatic change
15218	1	vasion and has expanded over the doñana national park in the last decades. this crayfish is an
13968	2	auna cause stronger reactions among the general public as cormorants, and these problems have b  ween the nutrient content of plants and life history characteristics.
2515	2	stitutes a key component of the pelagic food web in the north sea and north atlantic/barents se  orth sea and north atlantic/barents sea negative effects could have a massive impact at the eco
14184	8	recognizing the increasing chemical pollution of the environment, more agricultura   population later. experiments with the lethal doses provide not an entire picture of action of  timate the effect of the reduced or sub-lethal doses. chemical intoxication with sub-lethal dos  l doses. chemical intoxication with sub-lethal doses may alter the physiological functioning of  r winter. even though the action of sub-lethal doses on pests has been investigated up to a cer  of the various organ systems and mutual functional dependence. this method facilitates immediat  l condition of insect caused by several stress factors. this project is a continuation of our p  sed on influence of some pesticides sub-lethal doses and in elaboration of scientific grounds f
13488	4	ocations in northern scandinavia. large mesh size reindeer exclosures and small mesh size exclo  mesh size reindeer exclosures and small mesh size exclosures that excludes voles and lemmings w  re. i will study how reindeer influence plant community composition, dynamics of carbon and nit  cted to be favored by a warmer climate. field studies will be combined with mathematical modeli
14900	3	the scientific community is committed to search approaches   ty is committed to search approaches of ecological restoration that allow to conciliate ecosyst  mprove the sustainability in the use of natural resources. the major goal of this proposal is t
13739	1	this migration and its importance as a driving force for the transition between states. furthe
13844	3	a large number of associated plant and animal species on the swedish west coast. the proposed   t will be performed by a combination of field observations, field experiments, artificial cross  l crossing experiments, and genetic and chemical analyses, where the biodiversity of associated
12576	1	programme by evaluating the effects of heavy metal additions on soil fertility and agricultura
11769	4	on the density-dependent regulation of population growth rates and the fecundity of their cons  sity-dependent regulation of population growth rates and the fecundity of their constituent ind  ndity of their constituent individuals. population growth decreases with population density as   ditic populations. the results of these experimental studies will be used to parameterise model
9906	4	on the density-dependent regulation of population growth rates and the fecundity of their cons  sity-dependent regulation of population growth rates and the fecundity of their constituent ind  ndity of their constituent individuals. population growth decreases with population density as   ditic populations. the results of these experimental studies will be used to parameterise model
13698	3	g programs on timber quality in planted norway spruce. effects of regeneration treatments and t  increase the long-term profitability of norway spruce plantations in scandinavia. the hypothesi  atments affect growth and morphology of norway spruce in a predictable way and this will also a
15272	3	e a main process in the constitution of plant communities, which components of species mobility  tial point patterns of the organisms in plant communities is an excellent tool that allows us t  hip between the spatial pattern and the environmental factors allows us to evaluate the role of
1088	4	ecomposers, soil factors, pollution and global warming, but the role of biodiversity remains ef  . the expected results by the different research units will be used to develop a new integrated   model built during a previous national research programme. the simulation results will be stat  nd stochastic approaches and the use of neural networks. this will make possible a model evalua
15446	7	proliferate studies within the scope of climate change. we will be able to discern changes in e  hanges in ecosystem processes caused by climate change from those of natural variability if we    a national action on adaptation to the climate change is enough to understand that it is very   of temperature on earth. the effects of climate change on ecosystems, the headwater streams inc  tion, by its repercussion on the global carbon cycle, as warming can enhance decomposition rate   substrates, with potentially different biotic communities, within a given region, is similar o  n stream ecosystems under the projected climate change scenarios.
15517	3	global climate change is one of the principal threats t                                   global climate change is one of the principal threats to the c  important in quantifying the impacts of climate change, since it could lead to considerable und
14790	2	species communities, if it is favouring exotic species or endangering native species, and if th  ore specifically we pretend to describe plant communities, to predict future changes in these c
15099	3	des. both climatic trends may alter the growing season and the phenological organization of med  hypothesize that the lengthening of the growing season promoted by the predicted temperature ri  proposal are: to analyse the effects of climate change on the dynamics of growth and acorn prod
15021	6	een conditioned by different historical-political situations, particularly in the last millenni  study, directly through the analysis of skeletal remains, the impact of migratory and/or cultur  her nearby populations. one of the most interesting questions is the transition between local c  us projects question the origin and the evolutionary changes of population of majorca from a bi  cal, biochemical and genetic level. the main items to analyse are two representative funerary s  esentative funerary series from minorca bronze age drx. all these analyses attempt to establish
14645	5	also conditoned by different historical-political situations, particularly in the last two mile  study, directly through the analysis of skeletal remains, the impact of migratory and/or cultur  her nearby populations. one of the most interesting questions is the transition betwen local cu  ical, biochemical and genetic level.the main items to analyse are: 1 bronze age minorcan necrop   level.the main items to analyse are: 1 bronze age minorcan necropolis from a morfological, dem
14755	6	cies could imply several changes in the food web to which it belongs inducing, for example, fur  e relationship between biodiversity and food webs is obvious, and it should be deepened in thos  pecies. the experience developed by the research team making this proposal in community assembl  these objectives. the inclusion in this research team of two mathematicians, experts in differe   team of two mathematicians, experts in differential equations and graph analysis, will permit   t, being widely called for, but that no research group in this country, nor any overseas specia
15385	3	profound effects on the functioning of forest ecosystems and, because of this, contribute to d  titive equilibria between evergreen and deciduous tree species may strongly depend on leaf prod  titive equilibria between evergreen and deciduous tree species.
13524	1	in climate and top predators may impact ecosystem structures.
6955	2	ational readthrough is required for the gene expression of many plant viruses. therefore we hyp  nce might be durable as to break it the gene expression strategy of the virus should be complet
11869	3	uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide by very small, single celled organisms,   enotypes, the factors that dictate this global community structure are still poorly defined. th  vironmental parameters that dictate the growth rate and yield of these organisms, information w
11393	1	ecosystems, thus providing the balanced knowledge base which is currently lacking. in the longe
7507	3	ith microsatellite markers located on a genetic map of brown trout that we have produced in the  ite markers located on a genetic map of brown trout that we have produced in the laboratory. th  g a specific consideration in diversity management programs. the methods are commonly used in t
12045	10	factors that favor the emergence of new plant diseases caused by fungi during the last century,  aused by fungi during the last century, human activity has greatly contributed to environmental  re likely to favor the emergence of new infectious diseases, among which > 30% are caused by fu  es causing significant economic losses, environmental damage, or regarded as model pathogens. t  ch. the history of invasions of several fungal pathogens in the world has been unravelled using  t diseases through modeling for linking climate change, forest density and disease levels . sta   has created a synergy between the main research teams in france studying these diseases result  hus the history of invasions of several fungal pathogens in the world has been uncovered, revea  nderlying dispersal. we have shown that climate changes may favor emergences and that isease em  ease emergence are often accompanied by evolutionary changes in pathogens. finally the theoreti
15161	7	timulation of the growth of belowground microbial population due to the activity of macrophytes  be interactions as a way to analyze the microbial diversity in wetlands and to promote the enri  f molecular methods for the analysis of microbial diversity in many environmental conditions ha  ve from a scientific point of view. the project proposal focuses in the following aspects: firs   of useful microorganisms targeting the nitrogen cycle. wetlands constitute real repositories o  ly studied using molecular methods, and all work convene in saying that most of the observed ne  niques to increase the knowledge of the microbial diversity of these environments. besides, the
10734	8	fer to new hosts and habitats are still unknown factors. dna-based methods represent a rapid an  a rapid and inexpensive way to sample a wide range of biological diversity present in environme  mall animals present in soil, ponds and marine environments and then extract the dna from all t  ated parasites and use state of the art gene sequencing technology to sequence the same gene fo  ctions in those with seriously impaired immune systems, for example in people in the late stage  e late stages of aids, or recipients of organ transplants. they also infect economically import  s vary with geographic location 3 which environmental factors, for example season, latitude, or   environments we can understand whether climate change or human movement by trade or travel has
10597	11	that has been covered since the little ice age biology. for these two exposures all of these f  sition of the microbial community using standard techniques, for the second question we need to  hemical changes in the soil. typically, molecular analysis involves extraction of soil dna or r  sity of the community. in mature soils, molecular analysis has revealed the existence of consid   revealed the existence of considerable microbial diversity in soil and the existence of many g  with extreme environments, e.g. low ph, high temperature. non-thermophilic crenarchaeota are ab  ptember and it is essential that robust sampling techniques can be carried out that ensure the   ve we are collaborating with a group of soil scientists in iceland who will assist in the field  dwork planning and execution and in the setting up of the functional soil tests at their resear  p of the functional soil tests at their research facility near reykjavik. not only do the field   the fieldwork team require the correct weather conditions, but careful soil survey and robust
14693	1	mpus guttulatus in the coast of galicia follow-up to evaluate the possibilities of recovery of
10134	4	sexual selection is a central topic in evolutionary biology, and has fascinated ecologist sinc   and has fascinated ecologist since the pioneering work of darwin. many species possess brightl  vidual s genetic quality influences the trade-offs between ornamentation and parasite resistanc  stigate how mhc genotype influences the trade-offs between hormones, parasite resistance and se
14843	5	sexual selection is a central topic in evolutionary biology. a key component is to understand   competence is central to the vertebrate immune system, presenting pathogens to specialist cells  gens to specialist cells to initiate an immune response. the mhc is known to play a role in mat  ther mhc genotype explains variation in immune response and parasite resistance, and influences  parasite resistance, and influences the trade-offs between hormones, immunocompetence and sexua
11083	3	ggests that net primary productivity of forest ecosystems declines with stand age. two question  ecosystems declines with stand age. two question marks exist about the nature and the degree of   scale branch-level measurements across age classes. in the greenhouse, we will graft cuttings
13762	1	aused by pathogenic fungi are common in deciduous forests of sweden and europe. among the best
10452	2	consistent long-term variation in chick growth rates and reproductive success. the second study  est the hypotheses that, during the non-breeding period, the energetic cost of foraging is rela
11024	2	suggested that this may restrict their ecological niches, obliging them to inhabit only areas   hem to inhabit only areas with abundant food sources and minimal competition. however, no study
10816	7	y its presence in blockbuster films and television advertising, parkour is a rapidly developing  ping sport that has recently caught the public eye. it provides an excellent medium through whi  ith their evolutionary cousins. several user groups are likely to benefit from the project find   benefit from the project findings. the general public, including school children, will learn a  uding school children, will learn about great ape ecology and our ancestral heritage. our resul   are relevant to the welfare of captive great apes due to the considerable need to increase lev  considerable need to increase levels of physical activity to aid physical and psychological wel
10661	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
10912	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
11158	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
11170	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
11420	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
11421	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
11701	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
11702	24	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, and the potential to replace imported s  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   fuel, the regulation of nutrients, and water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied in future research projec  specific area, can be applied in future research projects to other regions and at a national sp  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
9896	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
12644	1	nature conservation legislation in the marine environment, in particular considering if and ho
12478	6	government policies that protect the natural environmen  ing the göteborg summit in 2001, then a different approach to policy development and implementa  ficiently robust for incorporation into government policy, for example, its ability to identify  fy and deal with cumulative impacts and trade-offs. adoption and implementation of the approach  n and implementation of the approach by government policy makers and decision-makers like the p  mentation of the approach by government policy makers and decision-makers like the planning aut
1929	1	etermine the potential for manipulating crop diversity as a means of introducing antagonistic m
1928	1	etermine the potential for manipulating crop diversity as a means of introducing antagonistic m
1926	1	etermine the potential for manipulating crop diversity as a means of introducing antagonistic m
14839	8	plants respond to abiotic stresses by altering their cellular metabolism   ellular metabolism and invoking various defense mechanisms. survival under these stressful cond  ccordingly. various agents such as ros, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid have been p  ous agents such as ros, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid have been proposed as signa  h as ros, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid have been proposed as signal transducers.  contaminated sites will be treated with salicylic acid and nitric oxide in order to improve the  will be treated with salicylic acid and nitric oxide in order to improve their behaviour agains  ethodologies useful for preservation of endangered species and for phytoremediation programmes.
7488	5	s, which aim to achieve 5.75% of liquid fuel supply by 2010 and 20% by 2020. liquid fuels deriv  n important alternative to conventional energy sources to reduce europe s dependence on fossil   ources to reduce europe s dependence on fossil fuels. trees are attractive dedicated energy cro  ted energy crops because they display a wide range of growth habits and can be grown on margina  chanisms that regulate the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides - provide a better understand
10487	1	increased food production is widely considered to be a fundamenta
9885	1	increased food production is widely considered to be a fundamenta
462	3	mics of arbovirus disease have affected human populations. we will analyze three arbovirus dise  ungunya virus, the dengue-fever and the rift valley fever, which illustrate the cases of pre-em  hods and / or complementary methods for chemical control - following the results, draw up human
15359	1	predict future impact on other species, functional groups, structural processes and ecosystems
6906	2	nosae, which have essential role in the nitrogen cycle of the life and in agriculture as well.   esponsible for the resistence against a fungal pathogen and study their expression and effects
13950	3	properties, otoliths take up minor and trace elements. some of these, like strontium, are take  ns , is writing her master thesis doing pilot studies of stable isotopes in otoliths, with prom  ology. we will apply the new methods to case studies of dire fisheries problems, i.e. cod stock
10677	3	years and can be directly implicated in mass extinction. the geological history of this event,   y of this event, and recently developed climate models has been largely elucidated from studies  here-climate interactions as a cause of mass extinction and provide the first global perspectiv
10995	4	lity is one of the major transitions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theori  itions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theories concerning the origin of he  ulative field experiments and molecular genetic analyses: to test whether social populations fo  queen s university belfast, employing a postdoctoral researcher and a 75% time technician. the
11053	4	lity is one of the major transitions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theori  itions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theories concerning the origin of he  ulative field experiments and molecular genetic analyses: to test whether social populations fo  queen s university belfast, employing a postdoctoral researcher and a 75% time technician. the
11787	4	lity is one of the major transitions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theori  itions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theories concerning the origin of he  ulative field experiments and molecular genetic analyses: to test whether social populations fo  queen s university belfast, employing a postdoctoral researcher and a 75% time technician. the
11091	4	between environmental conditions during early development and muscle satellite cell numbers and  ons during early development and muscle satellite cell numbers and fibre recruitment patterns w  itment patterns will be investigated in laboratory studies. we wish to test the hypothesis that  lity of environmental conditions during early development.
12305	4	ised environmental concerns relating to land use change and, specifically, the release of carbo  d in animal diets are generally of good nutritional value, they are of variable quality dependi  ey are of variable quality depending on raw material source, processing, drying and storage con  nce and increased emissions of methane, nitrous oxide, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate. distille
7107	3	he koran and the federation of regional natural parks of france aims to: 1 produce characteriza   projects and parks charter review. the research team formed around the caren includes ecologis  dscape ecology, including connectivity, remote sensing, landscape management by farmers and var
11382	3	e is aimed at graduates in mathematics, physical sciences and molecular biology who wish to pur  s in mathematics, physical sciences and molecular biology who wish to pursue a career in enviro  ssing the shortage of scientists with a high degree of quantitative and molecular skills requir
13599	5	requires an increased knowledge of how genetic variation in traits of adaptive significance is  tem to explore the relationship between genetic variation in adaptive traits and population via  ic models, we will explore how adaptive genetic variation among and within populations influenc  capes subject to changes in climate and land use. based on the results, we will formulate and c  tions on how the importance of adaptive genetic variation can be assessed and how this informat
11161	1	summary global atmospheric carbon dioxide levels .
14664	4	eral karst lakes located in the iberian mountain range, in the centre-east of the iberian penin  greatest ecological changes, induced by human activities as the modern agriculture and the indu  ls: medieval age warming and the little ice age, which have been well historically documented.   related to the precipitation regime and land uses. paleoecological and paleoclimatic reconstruc
12286	1	e only lowland, mixed-agriculture farm. data collection will continue at drayton during 2009-20
14922	5	on distribution, breeding phenology and life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming stud  onents of the ecosystem are affected by climate change. in the present project, variations in l  . in the present project, variations in life history traits of some bird species are examined i  riations in life history traits of some bird species are examined in relation to environmental   rian peninsula with special emphasis on population dynamics.2. effects of environmental conditi
15417	1	rise, taking place as a consequence of greenhouse effect, precipitation also shows spatio-temp
11853	3	y individuals. environmental stress has negative effects on the average expression of ornaments  e are large whilst some have only small eye-stalks. the same is true for preference in females   nces sexual selection using a series of field studies in the biologically realistic surrounding
7701	6	induced effects. especially in light of climate change, the contribution of livestock activitie  vestock activities in the production of greenhouse gases is widely highlighted. a wide variety   efficiency for large animal production. research project progress margins contained in it to id  hrough methodological developments, and experimental data collection, epad aims to be a reposit  ological developments, and experimental data collection, epad aims to be a repository of contra  g geographical locations in the uses of renewable energy and non-renewable , to tropical condit
14587	3	a quantitative risk assessment based only on exposure and toxicity is   all exposure routes are integrated when field studies and biomarkers are employed in higher-tie  r the knowledge about the impact of the environmental contaminants is scarce. the present study
10462	2	examples of adaptive physiology in the animal kingdom. this project will identify novel genes   selected number of novel differentially expressed genes using molecular, biochemical and physio
11747	2	sslands are among the most species-rich plant communities in europe. a clear understanding of t  nvironment reflects altered patterns of gene expression. we will identify genes that are differ
13970	3	ce essential for several ecological and evolutionary processes as for sustainable management of  roject is to identify major barriers to gene flow in coastal fish species in the baltic sea and  sh community structure with barriers to gene flow, and will cooperate with the swedish board of
7037	7	of different administrations. in early