IdNumber of occurencesForms
12058 1  genetic resources. it aims to identify new forms of managing varietal diversity based on inter 
13377 2                           sub-project 2:research project on conservation and evaluation of almo 
ion in southeast anatolia region. also, almond trees in this region from seeds and not budding  
14564 1 an and balearic fauna of hydraenidae, a water beetles family represented by about 145 species.  
7114 1 r traits must also be a centerpiece new diagnostic tools available  
7115 2 ic agriculture, but concern because the land use patterns and practices seek to fewer resources 
ions. in this territory, there are many operating systems and many mid closing stages. moreover 
7122 1  on the basis of plausible scenarios of climate change and use of space for the coming years to 
7127 2 ant with contrasts in their biology and natural history. our biological models involve woody pl 
ers increased c02, will try to answer a simple question: what effect will the increase of c02 d 
7142 2 nges. we propose to study the impact of climate change on vegetation dynamics in the french mou 
orests have the advantage of being less subject areas that open to large variations in human pr 
7197 6 objective of this project is to provide decision makers with new knowledge and reflection eleme 
s for the development and governance of rural areas. Indeed, it aims to draw the outline of wha 
atch the currently emerging paradigm in rural areas. this project is indeed the assumption that 
mption that diversifying the economy of rural areas will lead to increased conflicts and rivalr 
 users of these spaces, for which three case studies were selected. it is through a combination 
elected. it is through a combination of case studies, that it will be possible to understand a  
7245 1 ectives the resolution of the crisis of mass extinction of species and populations is a major s 
7264 1 ure of animal communities from selected fossil record for quality, quantity and availability, t 
7274 2 o the limitation compatible partners in self-incompatibility system plants threatens the surviv 
sequencing technologies to inventory of self-incompatibility alleles in these species to quanti 
7279 1 or estimating anthropogenic impacts and climate change on the systems studied. dip integrate ne 
7285 1 zed. finally, we model the evolution of life history traits under different fire regimes  
7297 4 city in time by achieving the microbial fuel cells. these are systems providing for the direct  
ion of chemical energy contained in the organic matter into electrical energy using bacterial b 
at they are promising "reservoirs". the French Guiana is internationally recognized as a "hot s 
ana is internationally recognized as a "hot spot" for biodiversity. it is possible to imagine s 
7299 3 ity to adapt to environmental stresses. past century, human activities have generated in the en 
o environmental stresses. past century, human activities have generated in the environment of h 
e main effect is, like many abiotic and biotic stress, the generation of oxidative stress in vi 
7300 2                      the pollination of flowering plants is mainly provided by insects mutualis 
ss specialized in ecosystems is a major environmental problem  
7387 1 ptomic studies are underway to identify genetic markers associated trypanotolerance.  
7428 3 ugs are particularly voracious pests on cereal crops. the use of molluscicides is the most used 
f direct mortality, they concentrate in food chains and directly affect natural predators of sl 
 project objective is to identify, with grain producers, for comparative experimentation cutler 
7500 1 particular microflora by the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to survive and / or infect th 
7502 1  better understand and characterize the genetic diversity is a key objective to improve and dev 
7550 1  nitrification is a key function of the nitrogen cycle, responsible for the balance between the 
7558 4                                    many molecular biology methods have been developed that allo 
h for the characterization of bacterial genetic diversity coupled to a data mining system based 
acterial genetic diversity coupled to a data mining system based on the application of genomic  
ning system based on the application of genomic imprinting method 2d. our objectives are: to fo 
7560 1 al features both trophic level as their life history traits, they are especially important in t 
7566 1  to assess the fit between them and the biological characteristics of cultivated material if th 
7586 2 cation of duplicates and structuring of genetic diversity. the University of Angers, in collabo 
, thereby refine the description of the genetic diversity of populations and varieties adapted  
7609 4                              horizontal gene transfer is recognized as a fundamental mechanism  
cterial evolution to the degradation of chemical pollutants. the"nano genomics"project aims to  
nano genomics"project aims to develop a new technology involving the grafting of dna molecules  
 for identification and even, thanks to new technologies, fully sequenced their genome. the obj 
7614 4 tropics, an alternative to conventional treatment plants for isolated village communities. an e 
de of treatment requires information of local residents, a change in practices and perceptions  
nd perceptions of social and collective waste water management. this approach also enhances the 
egulated wastewater treatment, not as a dumping ground, or an unwanted wetland. . . . pir 2009  
7718 1  with universities and southern country research centers. it aims to generate knowledge to unde 
11864 5 mentaries. most are probably aware that food chains in aquatic habitats differ from those on th 
he water from agricultural land causing plant life to take over the lake carbon entering from s 
rial entering a lake can be affected by climate change and land management practices. the consu 
ies in the lake can also be affected by invasive species such as the zebra mussel which voracio 
search to shed light on the complicated food webs in freshwater lakes.  
14269 2 n marine resources urges the need for a decision making framework to objectively allocate the d 
different user functions at the belgian continental shelf .  
10966 8  isotope records give much insight into climate change but interpretation still tends to rest o 
th steps and develop a fully-calibrated climate record from gibraltar covering parts of the las 
n the rock of gibraltar, focused on the first step - understanding the climate recording proces 
 months. a key result is that there are specific conditions when speleothems record climate mos 
the modern part of gibraltar s historic climate record can be used to derive a calibrated trans 
 interglacial for their isotope ratios, trace elements and water trapped within the mineral, wh 
 can be compared directly with computer climate models. gibraltar s caves have very high potent 
aboratory environment running back from modern times to possibly one million years ago.  
10093 3                     vegetation plays an important role in landscapes that are shaped by wind-dr 
h environments are not quantified. this research project aims to develop a computer simulation  
this research project aims to develop a computer simulation model based on moving around slabs  
14360 5  ecological quality of our environment. remote sensing methods can be utilized to this end but  
sessing habitat quality - most existing remote sensing methodologies have not been tested vigor 
tter status reporting on habitats using remote sensing data. for this, an enhanced state-of-the 
 • three study areas will be covered by satellite data, airborne hyperspectral data: kalmthouts 
pplied to increase the applicability of remote sensing data for habitat status reporting. the v 
12585 8 partnership, one of the biggest uk peat restoration projects, in collaboration with internation 
 the success or failure of current peat restoration projects. the problems will be defined and  
the project will review motivations for restoration projects as well as their long term goals a 
r restoration projects as well as their long term goals and analyse adaptive management towrads 
of the project. it is evident that many restoration projects started with clear biodiversity go 
enhancement of carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation and flood protection goals. t 
have led to adaptive management in some restoration projects in response to new understanding.  
funded. to understand the importance of public funding and the role of agri-environment schemes 
7633 1 d reference ground by the international scientific community  
12716 1 priority species in the uk biodiversity action plan: 1. global evolutionary complexity of fresh 
1973 1 f products, and have been implicated as biodiversity indicators. until now, hybrid zones in mar 
11767 2 , woody debris, humic material and soil organic matter, by conducting a translocation experimen 
on experiment, where samples of litter, dead wood and soil with be swapped between different el 
11791 2 erature, litter quality and rainfall on organic matter decay rates by conduction a translocatio 
on experiment, where samples of litter, dead wood and soil with be swapped between different el 
9983 2 , woody debris, humic material and soil organic matter, by conducting a translocation experimen 
on experiment, where samples of litter, dead wood and soil with be swapped between different el 
11446 2 al buoyancy flux of a plume is fed by a catchment area under the plume centre. this constitutes 
k will involve analysis of differential travel times of the core phases sks, skks, and pkp, and 
10169 1 ttributed to one of the planets largest impact craters, and yet which had no associated biotic  
10022 8 problems remain. the number of possible phylogenetic trees is vast, and the extraction and comp 
ripts for processing sequence data from public databases, and will apply this here to the analy 
ble for download so that members of the research community may combine them with their data for 
es and sequences, a pool of large-scale phylogenetic trees representing each individual gene us 
up. these trees will also then form the starting point for more directed applied studies for sp 
t for more directed applied studies for specific groups of interest. the study will assess the  
 in conclusion, this project provides a unique opportunity to utilize the increasing amounts of 
ith comparatively simple means and in a short time period, we will be able to make great progre 
12421 1 omprehensive judgements to be made on a wide range of ecosystem components.  
15023 4 t the mandibular structures are used in important roles others that feeding, and in some cases  
arameters extracted from dissections of adductor muscles . technics of geometric morphometrics  
es in isometric conditions developed by adductor muscles would be calculated. parallely in the  
omparative study of the chemical and/or mechanical properties of the dentine from the more spec 
7643 6 sed on life traits or functions. taking coral fish communities as a model, we propose to invest 
everal thousand species and hundreds of functional groups. the global decline of coral, a major 
 groups. the global decline of coral, a major problem for the future of the reefs is linked to  
ing answers to the changing patterns of coral reef fish communities following a decline of cora 
swers to the changing patterns of coral reef fish communities following a decline of coral. thi 
on to the enormous potential of data on coral fish communities to address a broad range of assu 
10029 9 th rising concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor  
ng concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor the hea 
 health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satellite or airborne sensors is us 
tive means of achieving this task. much remote sensing research attempts to improve the resolut 
e reduces the separability in colour of sea bed features. research projects usually focus on a  
rability in colour of sea bed features. research projects usually focus on a specific ecosystem 
others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some as 
an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly well understood, such as the  
ring accurate data at each stage of the remote sensing process which will help prioritise the c 
11058 9 th rising concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor  
ng concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor the hea 
 health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satellite or airborne sensors is us 
tive means of achieving this task. much remote sensing research attempts to improve the resolut 
e reduces the separability in colour of sea bed features. research projects usually focus on a  
rability in colour of sea bed features. research projects usually focus on a specific ecosystem 
others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some as 
an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly well understood, such as the  
ring accurate data at each stage of the remote sensing process which will help prioritise the c 
11205 4 hytoplankton is recognised as playing a key role in global biogeochemical cycles. advances in g 
ropose to use to investigate the unique life histories of phytoplankton viruses and help resolv 
a bacterial artificial chromosome virus genomic library will be generated from a natural virus  
 a natural virus community to determine life histories of unculturable viruses through sequence 
12745 2 100 questions of greatest importance to conservation policy makers and practitioners at the glo 
 of greatest importance to conservation policy makers and practitioners at the global scale.  
10807 5 the first thing that anyone diving on a coral reef will notice is the multitude of fishes. more 
t to study simultaneously. for example, death rates might be affected by the number of fishes b 
ding of reefs, these findings will help conservation efforts. by knowing the relative importanc 
s will be able to design more effective marine reserves. for example, is it better to place a m 
s. for example, is it better to place a marine reserve where lots of fish larvae arrive, or whe 
11001 3  examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit 
f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i 
h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which  
11003 3  examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit 
f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i 
h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which  
11199 3  examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit 
f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i 
h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which  
11517 3  examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit 
f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i 
h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which  
11790 3  examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit 
f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i 
h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which  
12596 8 extraction, release large quantities of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, thereby  
ities of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, thereby contributing to global warming. 
carbon dioxide, thereby contributing to global warming. restoration of these damaged peatlands  
rbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide than they release to it; that is, so tha 
that is, so that they act as a brake on global warming. however, restoration schemes have not c 
release of methane from peatlands. like carbon dioxide, methane is a carbon gas, but it is much 
on gas, but it is much more potent as a greenhouse gas. therefore, although methane is emitted  
and restoration from the perspective of climate change. given the uncertain role of methane in  
10072 9 mentally important organisms within the marine environment, forming the very base of almost all 
ming the very base of almost all marine food webs. this diverse group of organisms are frequent 
een organisms at the base of the marine food web and larger planktonic predators. they are also 
ortant as nutrient recyclers within the marine environment, particularly in the case of nitroge 
tant global implications, effecting how key elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, are cycled w 
edatory flagellate species to recognise specific chemicals present on the surface of their prey 
agellate predator. interestingly, white blood cells within our circulation system, use the same 
in addition to being relevant to marine food webs, our results may shed light on the early orig 
s of receptors involved with the innate immune system. within this grant, we will develop marke 
13819 3 amatic declines in ectomycorrhizal onto forest ecosystems. similar reductions in diversity are  
equently observed after the addition of nitrogen fertilizers to increase wood production in bor 
tilizers to increase wood production in boreal forests. however, some ecm fungi respond positiv 
15372 2  questions in biogeography, ecology and evolutionary biology. a range boundary may be determine 
to accurately forecast the responses to climate change. in this project, we aim to investigate  
13457 5 r carbon cycling in agricultural soils. global climate projections depend today on models that  
mate the carbon fluxes from soils under land use and climate change. despite the known importan 
on fluxes from soils under land use and climate change. despite the known importance of soil mi 
use cost efficient methods to determine genetic diversity of extracellular enzymes produced by  
 involved in the degradation of complex carbon sources, that is up to 200 times faster and 100  
12549 1  can infect tomatoes with tomato yellow leaf curl virus .  
10165 1  be of broad interest to ecologists and evolutionary biologists, will be readily comprehensible 
2028 5 approach is the topic of this proposal. food webs are overlaid with infochemical webs that medi 
lly plastic emission by plants provides unique opportunities to investigate the effect of the i 
e this ecogenomic approach in field and laboratory studies for a system of crucifer plants and  
effects on individual interactions in a food web in addition to a quantitative food web analysi 
 food web in addition to a quantitative food web analysis. this novel approach creates an essen 
2104 3 e, bolbitiaceae and tubariaceae. in the northern hemisphere, there is a vast number of brown-sp 
galerina will also be accomplished. the genetic variation will be analyzed by likelihood and pa 
ndidate and the contributions from four senior researchers.  
15083 4 gures obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy showing the most relevant features. 
ion cultures and made available for the scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequenc 
he scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequences will be deposited in the genbank,  
ces will be deposited in the genbank, a data base of the spanish hyphomycetes sequences will be 
14715 4 gures obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy showing the most relevant features. 
ion cultures and made available for the scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequenc 
he scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequences will be deposited in the genbank,  
ces will be deposited in the genbank, a data base of the spanish hyphomycetes sequences will be 
10883 3  advanced for most fields of animal and plant ecology, the microscopic nature of bacteria means 
t britain. critically, bacteria perform central roles in enhancing plant productivity and bioge 
ey hypotheses. further, we will produce high resolution maps of bacterial group distribution ac 
9873 3                                         brittle fractures and faults are the most common expres 
ary rocks. this makes these areas ideal test sites for validating the new dating technique. fin 
ous growth of calcite fibres on brittle fault planes, start and end of faulting episodes may be 
2168 3   genetically modified in daphnia magna cell cultures, in d. magna feeding studies and in a tri 
na feeding studies and in a tri-trophic food chain with cyanobacteria or green alga d. magna ze 
rophic food chain with cyanobacteria or green alga d. magna zebrafish danio rerio.  
527 1 stitue a major part of the proposed new diagnostic tools.  
15064 2 e amazing diversity and richness of the natural world. for this reason, the choice of good biol 
viduals are crucial elements regulating population dynamics, trajectories, spatial and temporal 
10277 2 ago. in addition to studying a range of extinct species, including herbivores, carnivores and o 
stics of the species themselves, and of human activities, in causing the extinctions.  
10288 2 ago. in addition to studying a range of extinct species, including herbivores, carnivores and o 
stics of the species themselves, and of human activities, in causing the extinctions.  
10531 2 ago. in addition to studying a range of extinct species, including herbivores, carnivores and o 
stics of the species themselves, and of human activities, in causing the extinctions.  
13779 2 es. this deficit is unfortunate because boreal forests are strongly affected by forestry and pr 
edicted to experience relatively strong climate change effects with likely negative consequence 
14225 3             the comparative approach in evolutionary biology involves looking for correlations  
 study will be the first to investigate life history evolution in insects in a phylogenetic fra 
an important step towards understanding life history evolution in insects on a global scale. fu 
11462 1  sequenced with the same tools across a wide range of distantly related species. however, these 
15314 3                            the study of evolutionary processes, both at micro- and macroevoluti 
hat possibilities the identification of population groups or taxa immersed in active processes  
or taxa immersed in active processes of evolutionary change . we believe that results of this p 
10340 4 texts. odour and gustatory signals have central roles in speciation in many animals through the 
ct loci that have evolved rapidly under natural selection. we will test for associations betwee 
mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses between species. this will conf 
ical behavioural steps. we will examine gene expression in the same set of strains to test for  
10994 4 texts. odour and gustatory signals have central roles in speciation in many animals through the 
ct loci that have evolved rapidly under natural selection. we will test for associations betwee 
mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses between species. this will conf 
ical behavioural steps. we will examine gene expression in the same set of strains to test for  
9967 4 texts. odour and gustatory signals have central roles in speciation in many animals through the 
ct loci that have evolved rapidly under natural selection. we will test for associations betwee 
mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses between species. this will conf 
ical behavioural steps. we will examine gene expression in the same set of strains to test for  
13742 2  the stork enhances the interest of the general public for wetland conservation issues, and its 
erest of the general public for wetland conservation issues, and its reintroduction may therefo 
12267 4                               this is a preliminary investigation which undertook ‘traditional’ 
bstances commonly used in horticultural growing media. the interpretation of the significance o 
nclusions on the impacts of peat use on climate change. many lca studies discount biogenic carb 
reported here. as with all defra-funded research projects, the interpretation of the results is 
6816 2 been improving. the introduction of new immunosuppressive drugs contributed to this goal. on th 
dy is to detect the mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene of these patients. in these case  
10575 6      this project addresses the role of seminal fluid proteins in mammalian sperm competition.  
. however, sperm usually make up only a tiny fraction of total ejaculate volume male dominance  
t of proteins with known functions, our research programme will reveal if other seminal fluid p 
research programme will reveal if other seminal fluid proteins vary consistently in relation to 
ese findings will establish the role of seminal fluid proteins in adaptive variation of mammali 
ess consequences of different ejaculate investment strategies, we will determine reproductive s 
13712 2 ion forests around the world, making it good examples of an ´ecosystem approach´ in practice. a 
t or sustain the current swedish forest conservation policy with conservation actions taken on  
12712 1 res a review, collation and analysis of bird population and distribution data, which will then  
12744 1 ty sub-programme and to prepare outline project proposals for the international biodiversity as 
12704 2 w is to assess the effectiveness of the research projects commissioned through the programme ov 
issioned through the programme over the study period in terms of the extent to which they have  
12455 2 rnational best practice and appropriate knowledge base and implement appropriate tools in a com 
pen source framework. apply to selected case studies in collaboration with other defra and eu p 
11313 3                 species can differ from one another in many ways but the most interesting diffe 
 to reproduce themselves. understanding hybrid sterility can therefore explain how species are  
hybrid offspring. one possible cause of hybrid sterility is that genes from one species are inc 
13980 6 otyping technologies has revolutionized evolutionary biology and genetics. these fields are now 
n is currently a major focus in several biological research areas. selected genes are important 
methods for making inferences about the evolutionary history of populations from large-scale ge 
ods to search for selected genes in the human genome using a data set of ~550 individuals sampl 
 ~550,000 snps – the largest world-wide human population-genetic data set to date. the results  
ic processes and how to incorporate the evolutionary history in searching for selected genes.  
12456 5 -based models in parallel, using common input data, in order to establish which are the best-su 
te problems encountered when applied to case study-specific management scenarios, and evaluate  
approach. the project will focus on two case study regions the `western-approaches`. key custom 
stem considerations of fisheries in the marine environment. assess how important the interactio 
n fisheries models, and help to predict knock-on, ecosystem implications of future management a 
14751 5  se but also for the restoration of the natural habitats supporting such a singular type of veg 
h prevent both auto-regeneration of the endangered species in their natural habitats and their  
tion of the endangered species in their natural habitats and their rooting and multiplication u 
l inoculation for the reintroduction of endangered species and for the ecological restoration o 
ction of endangered species and for the ecological restoration of degraded communities of dolom 
9828 2  project is to determine the effects of long term tnt exposure on the soil microbial community  
structure, diversity and function using molecular biology approaches. we will conduct experimen 
2088 1  and diet and whenever possible also on life cycle will be important. finally, the revision of  
1979 6                             there is an urgent need for tools to predict the effects of habitat 
e on wildlife. after earlier abandoning carrying capacity as a useful concept, scientists now a 
that in the case of migratory birds the carrying capacity of a non-breeding site can be meaning 
s a site can support. current models of carrying capacity assume a single giving-up food densit 
and model developments, this provides a unique opportunity to test carrying capacity models of  
s provides a unique opportunity to test carrying capacity models of varying degrees of complexi 
14509 1 entely and in parallel across basins by selective pressures operating at the local geographic l 
11671 7 o examine the contribution of different life history stages to the local population dynamics of 
of different life history stages to the local population dynamics of some stream insects. under 
ferent life history stages to the local population dynamics of some stream insects. understandi 
spatial scale relevant to studies about population dynamics. alternatively, effects of emergent 
by different life stages and subsequent research efforts can be directed at those stages. thus, 
r bottlenecks occur for egg and neonate life history stages, how strong those bottlenecks might 
ntal importance to ecological models of population dynamics. information on how insects use eme 
10280 4 face waters from the dark nutrient rich deep water. the vertical mixing of nutrients across the 
ple this well-lit surface zone with the deep water nutrient supply, leading to the formation of 
to account for about half of the annual carbon fixation in seasonally stratified shelf seas, an 
ntification and parameterisation of the physical processes which are responsible for the vertic 
10553 4 face waters from the dark nutrient rich deep water. the vertical mixing of nutrients across the 
ple this well-lit surface zone with the deep water nutrient supply, leading to the formation of 
to account for about half of the annual carbon fixation in seasonally stratified shelf seas, an 
ntification and parameterisation of the physical processes which are responsible for the vertic 
9929 2 spends the winter in a dormant state in deep waters. individuals emerging from diapause in the  
at the same depth in all locations. the driving forces behind the differences in overwintering  
10522 14 ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch 
htly intervals, is sufficient to record seasonal change but cannot resolve the processes drivin 
h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar 
analysis by project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infra 
 the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure investment needs to 
 pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r 
d carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by relating these measurements to meteorol 
to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in  
ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as 
 surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wall of  
the regional coherence of lakes. use of high resolution data to examine coherence in lake tempe 
al or wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through  
wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through this n 
 offering detail of observation through high resolution data generation and the new instrumenta 
10752 14 ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch 
htly intervals, is sufficient to record seasonal change but cannot resolve the processes drivin 
h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar 
analysis by project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infra 
 the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure investment needs to 
 pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r 
d carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by relating these measurements to meteorol 
to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in  
ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as 
 surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wall of  
the regional coherence of lakes. use of high resolution data to examine coherence in lake tempe 
al or wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through  
wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through this n 
 offering detail of observation through high resolution data generation and the new instrumenta 
10756 14 ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch 
htly intervals, is sufficient to record seasonal change but cannot resolve the processes drivin 
h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar 
analysis by project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infra 
 the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure investment needs to 
 pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r 
d carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by relating these measurements to meteorol 
to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in  
ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as 
 surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wall of  
the regional coherence of lakes. use of high resolution data to examine coherence in lake tempe 
al or wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through  
wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through this n 
 offering detail of observation through high resolution data generation and the new instrumenta 
11807 14 ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch 
htly intervals, is sufficient to record seasonal change but cannot resolve the processes drivin 
h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar 
analysis by project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infra 
 the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure investment needs to 
 pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r 
d carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by relating these measurements to meteorol 
to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in  
ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as 
 surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wall of  
the regional coherence of lakes. use of high resolution data to examine coherence in lake tempe 
al or wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through  
wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through this n 
 offering detail of observation through high resolution data generation and the new instrumenta 
7685 4                                         marine ecosystems are declining at an alarming rate, es 
ning at an alarming rate, especially in developing countries where a significant proportion of  
nal scale in the western indian ocean , ecological niche and connectivity models outputs under  
rent ipcc scenarios. the ecological and social scientists involved in the project will work clo 
12027 3 ng rapidly and dramatically modified by human activities. the intensity of these activities acc 
matically during the 20th century, with land use change becoming a major factor affecting the s 
d and continues to destroy and fragment natural habitat, the abandonment of traditional extensi 
10264 4                                         global warming is not the only consequence of rising le 
he only consequence of rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. because co2 is an aci 
dification will have on marine life and chemical processes in the ocean. experimental work sugg 
 plankton that make their shells out of calcium carbonate record of the onset of the paleocene  
11369 2  others concerning the role of regional population dynamics, spatial structure and life-history 
o environmental change on an ecological time-scale, and to explore the use of relationships bet 
10075 2 l is to explore how the world s largest tropical forest, amazonia, is faring in an era of rapid 
 and access to unique sources of amazon plant ecology in our quest to discover and explain biod 
11513 2 l is to explore how the world s largest tropical forest, amazonia, is faring in an era of rapid 
 and access to unique sources of amazon plant ecology in our quest to discover and explain biod 
12739 1 ify future work on increasing access to inland water  
10451 1 sms responsible for that variability. a key element of our research will be distinguishing betw 
7189 10  agricultural systems evolve to address environmental issues better and better objectified. the 
ntly, balancing use and preservation of natural resources: it is on this plane that is this pro 
 to assess changes in the management of rural areas and agricultural production; 2 to contribut 
es in the management of rural areas and agricultural production; 2 to contribute to the develop 
 of innovative solutions, from the plot scale up an integrated natural resource management and  
s, from the plot scale up an integrated natural resource management and production sectors to w 
the plot scale up an integrated natural resource management and production sectors to which are 
e stakes are high mutation; controlling nitrogen cycles, since the amounts of organic substance 
nsfers in landscape mosaics; assess the environmental impacts of production methods and landsca 
cs; assess the environmental impacts of production methods and landscape management  
11330 9                                         oceanic crust covers nearly two thirds of the earth s s 
ere they crystallise to yield the lower oceanic crust. the heat provided by magma input and cry 
h s crust, the recovery of intact lower oceanic crust would be a major step forward. scientific 
f intact lower oceanic crust would be a major step forward. scientific ocean drilling in the eq 
ct lower oceanic crust would be a major step forward. scientific ocean drilling in the equatori 
torial pacific ocean has penetrated the upper crust, reaching the upper crust-lower crust bound 
enetrated the upper crust, reaching the upper crust-lower crust boundary. iodp expedition 335 i 
ering the first section of intact lower oceanic crust. this section will yield an unprecedented 
the plutonic rocks, which represent the building blocks of the lower crust, using their composi 
11647 1 everal associated benefits for both the scientific community and for those charged with conserv 
15165 7             the natural regeneration of holm oak quercus ilex populations depends critically on 
onal outcome of the interaction between holm oaks and acorn dispersers. our main hypothesis is  
isk will influence the final pattern of holm oak recruitment. we will test predictions from thi 
l control of keys of predations risk in field conditions, then measuring the behaviour of seed  
nctionality of mediterranean forests, a hot topic due to current rapid changes in animal and pl 
 to current rapid changes in animal and plant communities induced by man-made global changes in 
 man-made global changes in climate and land use.  
1992 10 ld-wide is alarming with respect to its environmental impact and conservation. at the same time 
t we often have no clue how or why. the great tit is an urban survivor, despite its dependence  
e. we will collaborate with established research groups with long-term data on reproduction and 
ata on reproduction and survival of two great tit study populations. again we will take an expe 
 the impact of experimentally increased noise levels on singing and other territorial behaviour 
 choice will be tested using a standard skinner box set-up with two pecking keys which trigger  
 be tested using a standard skinner box set-up with two pecking keys which trigger song playbac 
experience with several species in this set-up, and, although great tits have been used in oper 
l species in this set-up, and, although great tits have been used in operant conditioning exper 
, although great tits have been used in operant conditioning experiments, this would be the fir 
7460 11  acoustic methods including tomography, data transmission and communication to/from underwater  
s, based on platforms located under the sea ice. data collection and transmission from the wate 
on platforms located under the sea ice. data collection and transmission from the water column, 
d fields of temperature, transports and heat fluxes. long-range acoustic navigation commands wi 
ands will be tested to operate gliders. data transmission from fixed moorings via acoustic mode 
ta transmission from fixed moorings via acoustic modems to the surface for downloading from shi 
rface for downloading from ships or for satellite transmission will be implemented. the existin 
tend and improve methods for underwater data collection that are presently tested in damocles i 
 esonet noe. transfer of technology and know-how from usa to europe will take place, with excha 
gy and know-how from usa to europe will take place, with exchange of scientists, workshops and  
three are smes and six are research and educational institutions.  
539 2  more and more obvious that the current global warming influences ecosystems, and particularly  
 this project highlighted the impact of natural selection related to thermal stress and to the  
211 1 enhanced while providing or eliminating critical habitat-components that are pre-determined by  
6823 2 plant varieties developed using various gene manipulation techniques and these are grown on eve 
 be applied on a wider and wider scale. genetic transformation allows the desired gene to be in 
11554 2 s predict how species introductions and global climate change are likely to affect success of i 
ct how species introductions and global climate change are likely to affect success of individu 
15015 2         because of global change due to human activities is altering biosphere-level processes  
rocesses mainly in oceanic, coastal and inland water ecosystems, more investigation is needed t 
10709 10 here is an emerging consensus that many animal species are responding to current climate warmin 
nimal species are responding to current climate warming by shifting their distributions northwa 
capes that have been greatly altered by human activities, and where breeding habitats are often 
failing to shift and are lagging behind climate changes because they are unable to reach new si 
ies that are lagging behind climate are endangered species of high conservation concern. even i 
s of high conservation concern. even if greenhouse gas emissions were greatly reduced immediate 
onservation concern. even if greenhouse gas emissions were greatly reduced immediately, more wa 
reation of new habitats as corridors or stepping stones to allow species to move through unsuit 
ew avenue of research on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. conservation strategies 
ed work will provide a concrete body of scientific evidence to inform this debate.  
10053 8 of antibiotic and pesticide resistance, heavy metal tolerance, and starvation. typical studies  
tal changes outside of laboratories and natural disasters involve the sudden transition from on 
ions are currently exposed to levels of carbon dioxide more than twice as high as those of the  
on processes interact. my research uses laboratory experiments, computer simulations, and studi 
y research uses laboratory experiments, computer simulations, and studies of natural population 
xation of novel beneficial mutations by natural selection. one of these environmental changes i 
echniques from many disciplines, namely evolutionary biology, ecology, population genetics and  
ology, ecology, population genetics and molecular genetics. this sort of interdisciplinary, pro 
12738 1 relevant landscape scale adaptation and conservation projects that have already been completed  
14956 1 s the earth caused by the stratospheric ozone depletion. although emissions of cfcs it is possi 
15053 1 in the tinto, through physiological and genetic analysis that permit us to identify the princip 
12148 2  project is to study the adaptations of invasive species and their impacts on the ecosystems of 
ts in the study of interactions between food web structure and biology of successful invaders;  
14629 4             anthropogenic pollutants in inland waters system are a serious risk for planktonic  
r adaptative capacity to changes in the physical characteristics of the environment, using as m 
alinity. objectives of the project are: basic research objectives: 1. study of adaptation mecha 
ganisms to environmental changes due to human activity. 2. study of consequences that those cha 
11353 17                                         industrial melanism in the peppered moth, biston betula 
             industrial melanism in the peppered moth, biston betularia, has long been used as  
educate generations of students and the general public about the reality of natural selection a 
the general public about the reality of natural selection and adaptation. sadly, this classic c 
ion and adaptation. sadly, this classic case study has been neglected by modern advances in gen 
ed by modern advances in genetics. this research project aims to further mine this long-term st 
nd out whether the melanism mutation in peppered moths arose once or many times. prior to the m 
the pale coloured, speckled form of the peppered moth was known, but in 1848 a black form of th 
nation for this pattern is that because peppered moths rest motionless on trees during the day  
deposition and loss of lichen cover, in clean air areas typica is better camouflaged against vi 
el rise and fall of a black form of the peppered moth in north america and continental europe.  
d continental europe. the phenomenon of industrial melanism is not restricted to peppered moths 
ndustrial melanism is not restricted to peppered moths: 70 other uk moth species, as well as ot 
ional approach with the modern tools of molecular genetics to resolve a series of outstanding q 
he relative importance of selection and gene flow to evolutionary dynamics; and the determinant 
s differences among colour morphs. this research programme is also relevant to the conservation 
rvation of biodiversity by serving as a case study for the consequences of anthropogenic enviro 
13789 4                                         human activity is contributing to environmental changes 
osystems such as the largely unexplored marine environments. we here propose an interdisciplina 
marine environments. we here propose an interdisciplinary research programme that will integrat 
s. we here propose an interdisciplinary research programme that will integrate, in a novel cons 
13737 4 rvation into consideration. the present research project addresses in a new way the issue wheth 
 are well adapted to acid conditions. a preliminary investigation has shown that both the taxon 
y acid but vary in the waters levels of organic carbon and inorganic aluminium content, and in  
imilar way. we also plan to investigate common properties of tolerant species that may explain  
12067 7 ic and social benefits, at least in the short term, they are degrading key ecosystem services b 
tems makes them less prone to cope with invasive species . some of which are clearly detrimenta 
s threats to humans living close to the disturbed areas and could be of major economical and he 
ion. in addition, the emergence of some tropical disease can be directly linked to the rapid an 
he environment. the modification of the ecological niches of insect vectors constitutes an epid 
ed model insect species in genetics and evolutionary biology and have showed their ability to a 
icultural models insects will trigger a major advance in understanding the impact of anthropiza 
2031 3 cope with increased temperatures due to global climate change. plants, insects and vertebrates  
th increased temperatures due to global climate change. plants, insects and vertebrates respond 
e so organisms become mistimed to their food supply. this leads to selection on the way animals 
2491 7          the project will be run by the natural resources law group at the university of oslo.  
ligations and possibilities for various public authorities in norway, through land use planning 
s public authorities in norway, through land use planning and nature management, to take or to  
na which are due to extreme weather and climate change, and are the rules adequate to effective 
themes as resilience, disaster law, and public nuisance doctrine are also relevant. there is co 
interdisciplinary project responding to climate change: the potential of and limits to adaptati 
h four annual national seminars and two international gatherings.  
12399 8 into the socio-economic consequences of climate change in the marine environment. it will inves 
c consequences of climate change in the marine environment. it will investigate the extent to w 
es and legislation are robust to future climate change, and it will explore decadal-scale varia 
ill explore decadal-scale variations in climate change that might mask the overall warming tren 
might mask the overall warming trend of coastal waters over the next 20 to 30 years. key custom 
ure-proofing of marine policies and new maritime legislation. specifically, to determine whethe 
ion. specifically, to determine whether statutory instruments and targets that are being introd 
ental change and whether indicators and reference points of ‘good environmental status’ under t 
6875 1 e area of distribution and for the long time-scale, instead of locally in space and time. on th 
13839 3 ions is today different kind of neutral genetic markers. due to the definition of neutral marke 
on in nature. in order to study whether local populations of sea trout are adapted to their env 
r to study whether local populations of sea trout are adapted to their environments, we launche 
13780 1 cular fitness indicator in fish. we use brown trout and coho salmon as model species to address 
15364 5  intensity of drought events related to climate change have been associated to important change 
position, structure and distribution of forest ecosystems worldwide, by means of increasing mor 
tance of these processes in relation to global climate and ecosystem services stability, teher  
iable projections on the near future of forest ecosystems under probable global change scenario 
 forest under different managements and climate change scenarios in order to develop a manageme 
15332 2     previous studies carried out by our research group demonstrated that the outflow tract of t 
ht throw new light on the assessment of morphogenetic processes that operate in the development 
13817 3                in this study i focus on genetic diversity on frog population in the gulf of bot 
national perspective, 3 knowledge about genetic diversity within and among population is import 
he genetics of phenotypic plasticity in life history in the frog population by testing a recent 
11120 1 of selection on maintenance of adaptive genetic variation.  
14668 3 about the bending capacity of different bone structures would be carried out. the structures ch 
ried out. the structures chosen are the shoulder girdle and the wing bones of birds, the human  
 functional demands, which could act as selective pressures. although the baculum is not a loco 
10435 3       this project will investigate the evolutionary processes and physiological mechanisms und 
in or across species. we shall test the alternative hypothesis that the frequency with which su 
by subordinate and dominant females and quantitative analyses of existing data to . finally, we 
9952 1 ctive strategies of individuals and the population dynamics of cooperative breeders. however, a 
15461 3          anurans have two organs in the inner ear . the cutoff point between organ sensitivity  
a parallel project by the ucla team the first year. the research proposed is completely innovat 
novative because no previous behavioral field studies have addressed the sense of vibration det 
15514 2           environmental change across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales is the rule r 
changes are embedded in demographic and evolutionary processes that occurred in the past. there 
15515 2           environmental change across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales is the rule r 
changes are embedded in demographic and evolutionary processes that occurred in the past. there 
11615 1  populations shape variation in neutral genetic markers and ecologically significant quantitati 
10753 2 n pelagic waters. work conducted by our research group at sams supports this hypothesis. we hav 
g of their location using card-fish and confocal microscopy. by combining these areas of resear 
9871 2 n pelagic waters. work conducted by our research group at sams supports this hypothesis. we hav 
g of their location using card-fish and confocal microscopy. by combining these areas of resear 
11737 1   recent data suggest that, contrary to prevailing views, there are pathways for near surface c 
1944 5               this project is part of a research programme that aims to develop multidisciplina 
cy strategy on agro- biodiversity. this research project is directed towards the administrative 
interdependencies between actors in the food supply chain in a juridical sense. the oio with a  
sense. the oio with a specialization in policy sciences maps the institutional interdependencie 
 institutional interdependencies in the food supply chain and analyses the opportunities for go 
14367 3 s composition, and stand diversity from remote sensing data. - a successful airborne flight cam 
lyzing the sensitivity to errors in the input data. - the evaluation of the cost-benefit of com 
borne hyperspectral with laser scanning remote sensing data for deriving forest thematic output 
15303 4             chromosomal hybrid zones of house mouse, mus musculus domesticus, are an excellent  
usions it has been found suppression of genetic recombination near the centromere in heterozygo 
m a comparative analysis of the maps of genetic recombination between standard individuals, hom 
 we will determine which alterations in genetic recombination related to the diploid number and 
15152 5 ndings are multiple, among are included fishing nets, military exercises, ship collisions and i 
tiple, among are included fishing nets, military exercises, ship collisions and infectious dise 
luded fishing nets, military exercises, ship collisions and infectious diseases. of the infecti 
military exercises, ship collisions and infectious diseases. of the infectious diseases stands  
lisions and infectious diseases. of the infectious diseases stands out the cetacean morbillivir 
13979 5 opulation management have neglected the economic costs of management, and have thus risked wast 
anagement resources. recent advances in decision theory for application to conservation allow f 
ources, the swedish epa has produced an action plan for the woodpecker, with total implementati 
ent strategies that meet the woodpecker action plans objectives. we will also examine the vulne 
 case-study for application to regional endangered species management, with potentially great s 
7451 3 nt species are as yet unknown, however, climate change is likely to be an important factor. in  
o the spatial and ecological use of the marine environment by different regional and river stoc 
marine growth, condition, and survival. salmon populations may migrate to different marine zone 
13362 2                                  aegean agricultural research institute have tomato, pepper and 
                    aegean agricultural research institute have tomato, pepper and eggplant gen 
6843 3 he decomposition process drives complex food webs with the soil fauna. collembola are ubiquitou 
the impact of here practiced methods of forest management on biodiversity. site description: th 
s as well as from native or native-like deciduous forests, in order to compare their collembola 
10688 1 uenced by nutritional conditions during early development. we will combine the organismal fitne 
10443 9 survival play a fundamental role in the social structure and population dynamics of animals. wh 
mental role in the social structure and population dynamics of animals. while data from a range 
opulation-level patterns and individual life histories allows us to explore the consequences of 
llows us to explore the consequences of life history responses to temporal changes in the envir 
emporal changes in the environment in a population dynamics context. as a result, our research  
arch will provide general insights into life history and aging theory, an understanding of how  
ory, an understanding of how individual life histories respond to environmental change, and a t 
etical framework for linking individual life histories to population dynamics.  
or linking individual life histories to population dynamics.  
7051 8 ffecting it remain to be understood. as biological control is effectively the product of networ 
etween pests and their natural enemies, food web analysis provides a versatile tool to address  
oposed project will utilize a molecular food web approach and examine, for the first time, how  
tative aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs on a species-specific level to unravel how ch 
pecific level to unravel how changes in food web interactions affect parasitoid aphid control.  
tity affect parasitoid interactions and pest control, complementing the field results. the work 
lization affects whole aphid-parasitoid food webs in both simple and complex landscapes, allowi 
ing for further improvements in natural pest control.  
11821 7  human society, the improved methods of food production eventually resulting in rapid populatio 
roduction eventually resulting in rapid population growth and the development of complex civili 
n, which results in the crop undergoing genetic changes that make the plants more desirable to  
experiments have shown that if rigorous farming practices are followed, domestication can occur 
 we have been studying this question by genetic analysis of einkorn, a type of wheat that is no 
ing. to do this we will study a part of chromosome number 1 of the wheat genome called the 5s-d 
ones in wild plants, we will be able to work out exactly which wild populations are related to  
7436 3 roject objective is to provide, through genetic analysis, understanding of the genetic diversit 
 genetic analysis, understanding of the genetic diversity of elements of the population, their  
ocuses on the remuneration of trainees, genetic analysis, scientific equipment and valuation fe 
10639 7  together complimentary expertise and a research team of proven effectiveness, leading to signi 
ries that will be published in foremost scientific journals. the impact of this phd will be to  
ectiveness of a land-use advocated as a climate change mitigation strategy. the project will sh 
o enable society to respond urgently to global climate change by providing timely evidence-base 
e society to respond urgently to global climate change by providing timely evidence-based recom 
imely evidence-based recommendations to policy makers charged with climate change adaptation an 
endations to policy makers charged with climate change adaptation and mitigation. moreover this 
7430 3 gas plant in aim to capture and develop organic fertilizers on our plot. for 2010, we plan to c 
rips, planting several species mixed to green manure, nesting boxes for sparrows, improving our 
 several species mixed to green manure, nesting boxes for sparrows, improving our pesticide red 
7190 4 ment in 2007. the inclusion of this new social issue has become part of the environmental dimen 
o-ecosystems while maintaining adequate production levels and ensuring the economic viability o 
f farms. in this context, weeds diverse biological characteristics of weed species. these syste 
 the evolution towards a productive and sustainable agriculture  
7417 3 gration. it is part of a productive and sustainable agriculture. cereals, particularly wheat, a 
of land and grain quality are improved. plant diversity introduced into the cultured medium, th 
stry grain of the hérault. research and development partners ensure a participatory and collabo 
7111 1 he landscape structures and dynamics of land uses and management of field margins. in perspecti 
7413 1 he project focuses on the impact of the green belt on the agricultural plots to define the impl 
7703 7 n between nitrogen metabolism and plant defense mechanisms, choosing the model plant for cereal 
 for cereals, rice, wheat base with the green revolution, and model fungus magnaporthe grisea a 
onditions and artificial inoculation in field conditions. in the laboratory, it will be possibl 
en metabolism and those involved in the defense mechanisms, those who have a major role in this 
ll be measured globally by conventional chemical analysis but gene expression analyzes identifi 
y by conventional chemical analysis but gene expression analyzes identified in the laboratory w 
e in the field. furthermore analysis of genetic diversity and the work of genetic expression of 
523 1 scape structures and by the dynamics of land use and the management of field borders. as a futu 
13310 10 ocols for the assessment of large-scale environmental risks in order to minimise negative direc 
sity. in particular, risks arising from climate change, environmental chemicals, biological inv 
lar, risks arising from climate change, environmental chemicals, biological invasions and polli 
 context of current and future european land use patterns will be assessed. there is an increas 
essed. there is an increasing number of case studies on the environmental risks subsequent to e 
ncreasing number of case studies on the environmental risks subsequent to each of these impacts 
ert is poor and alarm will be the first research initiative with the critical mass needed to de 
 the first research initiative with the critical mass needed to deal with such aspects of combi 
ombined impacts and their consequences. risk assessments in alarm will be hierarchical and exam 
isational . alarm encompasses 7 smes as full partners with central responsibilities and with a  
15187 4 ed as bioindicators of the increases of sedimentation rates in disturbed environments. the sedi 
works have studied the algal turfs from coral reefs and subtidal habitats with high sedimentati 
l reefs and subtidal habitats with high sedimentation rates related with human activities. neve 
h high sedimentation rates related with human activities. nevertheless, very few works have pre 
13593 2 ajor component of the ongoing change in biotic communities. in this project, we will explore th 
ee introduced macroalgae on the swedish coastal ecosystem.  
2522 4 n pathway of the pacific oyster through genetic studies.this project will provide knowledge of  
n native fauna and flora that will help natural resource managers to develop monitoring and act 
urce managers to develop monitoring and action plans for this invasive species.  
op monitoring and action plans for this invasive species.  
14416 2 y the introduction of alien arthropods: long term study on effect of h. axiridis on native anim 
ion. the project will produce validated data base of alien arthropods of bulgaria published in  
12016 4 r this programme, we brought together 5 research groups from different research institutions, s 
xt. we have studied the impact of alien invasive species in invaded communities, taking the rat 
or study-case. the combination of these different approaches we conducted on ecologically contr 
ing of the complexity of the impacts of invasive species when introduced to or removed from isl 
13743 1 nation network. to study the ability of invasive species to establish facilitative interactions 
176 1  experiments and ideas generated during pilot studies.        
10823 5                       buoyancy plays an important role in the diving behaviour of all air-breat 
ant role in the diving behaviour of all air-breathing marine animals. we will investigate how s 
e-related differences in the ability of loggerhead turtles to regulate their buoyancy, affects  
 coastal foraging sites and also in the deep sea. in addition, this will be the most comprehens 
ve satellite tracking study of juvenile sea turtles revealing their migration patterns and habi 
14103 1 . the same is valid about boreo-nemoral deciduous forests growing in estonia almost on the nort 
12355 2 icals, provide satisfactory quality and turnaround times, and do this for an acceptable cost pe 
ptable analytical quality requirements, turnaround times, and cost per sample, and identify com 
12709 2 ration is typically tied to traditional land use and particularly to farming and forestry. the  
 or norfolk broads generate significant business opportunities linked to tourism  
11067 6  main determinant of species ranges, so climate change is expected to cause changes in species  
s are likely to respond individually to climate change, the overall consequences of these chang 
derstanding of the potential effects of climate change on regional and global biodiversity. thi 
will investigate altitudinal changes in dung beetle species in five mountain regions along a la 
 changes in dung beetle species in five mountain regions along a latitudinal transect in europe 
ated to the latitudinal position of the mountain range. finally, i will explore the consequence 
9965 6  main determinant of species ranges, so climate change is expected to cause changes in species  
s are likely to respond individually to climate change, the overall consequences of these chang 
derstanding of the potential effects of climate change on regional and global biodiversity. thi 
will investigate altitudinal changes in dung beetle species in five mountain regions along a la 
 changes in dung beetle species in five mountain regions along a latitudinal transect in europe 
ated to the latitudinal position of the mountain range. finally, i will explore the consequence 
12037 6 ning exploitation of one of the richest natural resources on earth, especially familiar farmers 
nerally poor and with limited access to public health, education, formation, energy or transpor 
l development. the project considered a wide range of situations present in two different count 
iplinary fields, a unique protocole for data collection and treatment while a number of authors 
 based our work on an interdisciplinary conceptual model and created an indicator of eco effici 
ith the lowest ranking. impact on local economic development and environmental conservation is  
10527 6                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
10774 6                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
11051 6                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
11574 6                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
11816 6                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
11817 6                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
11820 6                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
11235 8 evelopment catalyst project to build an interdisciplinary research and partner consortium that  
iosphere: the yungas . these two sister forest ecosystems are amongst the most biodiverse regio 
ese ecosystems span more than 6 million square kilometers, roughly 25 times the size of the uk. 
via food, medicines, home, culture, and natural resources. these forest biospheres also provide 
rbon sink. internationally, there is an urgent need to improve understanding of the importance  
 deforestation, resource extraction and climate change. this proposal is for a 6-month grant to 
hropologists, veterinary scientists and social scientists working with a diverse group of local 
e yungas-amazonia observatory including research team and methods; partner organisations; impac 
10573 10  play a critical role in the cycling of greenhouse gases between the biosphere and atmosphere.  
tively few ground-based measurements of greenhouse gas exchange from these ecosystems, as atten 
zonian peatlands for regional or global greenhouse gas budgets, or to predict how emissions fro 
first pilot measurements of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from amazonian peatlands, in order 
us to better understand how methane and nitrous oxide fluxes are influenced by ecological proce 
opical peatlands for current and future climate change. the need for studies like this are part 
se of the rapid pace of development and land use change, which may trigger enhanced carbon loss 
ich may trigger enhanced carbon losses, greenhouse gas emissions and habitat degradation, all o 
gger enhanced carbon losses, greenhouse gas emissions and habitat degradation, all of which may 
which may act as a positive feedback to climate change.  
2204 5                   this workpackage is a case study of an introduced alien aquatic organism and  
ature with a number of experimental and field studies. it has been intensively studied since it 
h plague is so far mainly restricted to laboratory studies but this topic is well covered in th 
n vectors have also been identified and human activities, connected to the great economic and s 
ecological model that also incorporates human activities and behaviour will be the outcome of t 
11186 17 hey appear to act as a bell-weather for global warming. in 1998, an estimated 16% of the world  
 documented. at the same time, tropical sea surface temperatures were the highest in the modern 
n instrumental record. anomalously warm sea surface temperatures again caused widespread bleach 
d widespread bleaching during 2002. the annual growth bands in coral can be used to reconstruct 
to reconstructed temperature, salinity, ocean circulation, river runoff and sediment discharge  
turies, and by overlapping these, long, high resolution chronologies can be constructed. intra- 
s can be constructed. intra-crystalline amino acids have not been investigated before, but pilo 
t data indicate remarkable potential. a chemical change in one amino acid, aspartic acid, offer 
ble potential. a chemical change in one amino acid, aspartic acid, offers the highest resolutio 
l. a chemical change in one amino acid, aspartic acid, offers the highest resolution chronology 
onology yet observed using this method. aspartic acid racemization could help place these recor 
 behaviour of high-frequency short-term climate fluctuations such as el niño. even more intrigu 
e intriguing is that variation in other amino acids may provide a marked for and a clue to the  
ations in the amount of racemization of aspartic acid followed an increase in amino acid bacter 
f aspartic acid followed an increase in amino acid bacterial markers the year before. records o 
l to understanding the impact of future climate change and preparing management strategies for  
and preparing management strategies for coral reefs.  
10869 1 ctica new zealand s terrestrial biology research programme.  
14782 1 enon of amphiatlantic distributions and allopatric speciation in opisthobranch molluscs with a  
12051 2 nd multiagents modelling, to define the decision making mechanisms which condition the implemen 
ases . the efficiency, the study of the decision making process and governance will be based on 
15445 3 terranean and they are distributed in a wide range of body mass, from 100 g to 1 kg. regarding  
of the genus must dig in very different soil conditions. it is known that although limbs are us 
found, in order to explain the possible evolutionary process of changing, departing from the ep 
12479 7 osystems of england, such as woodlands, rural landscapes, rivers and moorlands. ecosystem servi 
atural ecosystems perform critical life-support services upon which human civilization depends. 
nds. ecosystem services provide us with economic benefits in a number of different ways. some o 
environment programme, which included a significant amount of work in identifying the ecosystem 
system services involved, assessing the key issues and outlining the tools available to quantif 
o ascertain some service values primary data collection and analysis may prove very valuable. a 
 and marginal values. a small number of case studies will be employed to investigate these issu 
11861 1 siderable importance is helping set the policy agendas for a range of organisations, including  
11591 1  to work in a collaborative manner with policy makers, policy formers and researchers to identi 
12241 4  collected, only rudimentary systems of data storage were available, and most datasets were rec 
t as paper records, on microfiche or on magnetic tape. this makes them difficult to access and, 
ously used to download information from magnetic tapes. if these data are to be preserved and u 
d also be used to collate new data from ongoing research. in summary, the database will underpi 
12672 3 rsity and related ecosystem services in developing countries, focusing on those with a high pro 
ng of the importance of biodiversity in developing countries. to illustrate this evidence base  
o illustrate this evidence base through case studies and examples.  
10444 4 fectiveness of gps-collars to study the social behaviour of foxes in urban bristol. we will com 
ation error polygons, size of resultant home range estimates, efficacy of determining habitat u 
s, efficacy of determining habitat use, cost-effectiveness. our ultimate goal is to advance our 
erence competition and the cost-benefit trade-off between natal philopatry and dispersal. we wi 
11576 3  focus for research into the effects of climate change on weather, climate, water resources, ag 
e methodology will then be applied to a wide range of biomes for which eddy covariance evaporat 
o their corresponding climate and water budget constraints.  
10650 12 and represent a highly important global carbon dioxide sink, with an amount of stored carbon re 
 their ability to continue to sequester carbon dioxide and their botanical composition under fu 
heir botanical composition under future global warming scenarios is uncertain, but research int 
o store carbon during former periods of climate change can provide clues to their potential fut 
ing the medieval warm period and little ice age in raised peat bogs was dependent upon the bota 
arm period and little ice age in raised peat bogs was dependent upon the botanical composition  
fossils do not preserve well in blanket peat bogs and other boreal and subarctic peatland ecosy 
ruct peat forming plants from extensive peat bog archive deposits which contain millennial reco 
mperfectly known botanical composition. peat bog deposits contain detailed records of carbon se 
 long-term ecological records to inform conservation policies. uk scientists are world leaders  
onservation policies. uk scientists are world leaders in the analyses of these deposits, and th 
mes on biodiversity, sustainable use of natural resources, and knowledge exchange to stakeholde 
10079 3 explain and predict pollinator-mediated gene flow. the comprehensive model of cresswell et al.  
 model of cresswell et al. encapsulates key elements of our conventional view of pollination an 
ll understanding of pollinator-mediated gene flow and thus supporting accurate predictions.  
10041 14 of the most spectacular features in the natural world. many of these displays depend on the pre 
t functions as antioxidants, and in the immune system, leading to the possibility of trade-offs 
e system, leading to the possibility of trade-offs in their usage. while environmental factors  
ity of trade-offs in their usage. while environmental factors affecting carotenoid coloration h 
here is almost no information about the genetic factors involved, although these must have seve 
olved, although these must have several important roles in carotenoid conversion and deposition 
n studied in many species; and a robust phylogenetic reconstruction is available for this group 
ch is important for testing comparative evolutionary hypotheses. the project will isolate genes 
d between dull and bright red or yellow body parts. comparison between the quelea and widow bir 
arts. comparison between the quelea and widow bird will allow us to determine if the same or di 
sible for carotenoid deposition in bare body parts compared to feather follicles. also, by exam 
 interest to behavioural ecologists and evolutionary geneticists. the work will also provide th 
 of carotenoid coloration and potential trade-offs with other carotenoid functions such as anti 
unctions such as antioxidant and in the immune system.  
152 4 ve of the grant project is to create an information system of tree and stand models and data se 
 1. working out of the structure of the information system to implement the models included in  
to implement the models included in the information system and test them on data sets. 6. testi 
d evaluation of the models saved in the information system based on the available data sets. 7. 
10901 4 ill be demonstrated by csna analysis of amino acids derived from tissue and diet samples from c 
h bangor university. dissemination will take place through the nerc community and beyond. comme 
 through the nerc community and beyond. commercial exploitation will be undertaken by our indus 
 exploitation will be undertaken by our industrial partner.  
13799 6                            the proposed research project will analyze the role of different for 
focuses, among others, on how different property rights and management practices of these land  
ights and management practices of these land uses influence biodiversity and ecosystem function 
ing habitats. habitats analyzed include nature reserves, dispersal corridors in green wedges, c 
s, dispersal corridors in green wedges, city parks, residential gardens, allotment gardens, gol 
residential gardens, allotment gardens, golf courses, agricultural lands and forestry.  
7689 11                                     the green belt formed by the agricultural irrigation canals 
e green belt formed by the agricultural irrigation canals is in the present context of land a s 
ovence french riviera. take the role of irrigation canals in ecological dynamics, economic and  
 and giest in january 2011. new uses of irrigation canals covered both economic and social dyna 
n frame of durance luberon territory of irrigation canals will meet this demand. the objective  
ape that can support the development of interdisciplinary research and management choices. mode 
ifferent actors concerned by the use of irrigation canals and management. it then looks at how  
 and generated mapping, we show how the irrigation canals can foster connectivity between farml 
 the central assumption we make in this research project is that the irrigation canals now form 
ke in this research project is that the irrigation canals now form an aquatic soustrame, in the 
 this dynamic plant on the outskirts of irrigation canals, such as the role that they play in t 
14848 3 ity and others have remarked the highly disturbed conditions of the river basins in this megadi 
 the highly disturbed conditions of the river basins in this megadiverse region. it is needed t 
the most important zones to explain the evolutionary history of the group of fishes and benthon 
11726 2 t this site, at the ends of the wet and dry seasons. canopy- and component-scale measurements w 
d a key forest type that, unlike inland rain forest, harbours very few tree species and is stro 
15017 1 s will be experimentally studied in two bird species. in adittion, the heritability of the effi 
10052 3 r sediments. bacterial communities play important roles in aquatic food webs, and are vital to  
unities play important roles in aquatic food webs, and are vital to the integrity and normal nu 
s will include measured time courses of microbial diversity during controlled sediment and wate 
12703 4 f three linked investigations to inform policy making and land management decisions concerning  
nd land management decisions concerning climate change and protected sites, and considerations  
r evidence of signals of the effects of climate change. there is also a project that is assessi 
roject that is assessing the impacts of climate change on ornithological interest of uk special 
1085 9 influence the invasion of mediterranean sand dune ecosystems by alien plants. the current proje 
ate the degree of naturalisation of the exotic species and their position concerning naturaliza 
nvasion processes. this project aims at setting up a geo-referenced data base of the native and 
ect aims at setting up a geo-referenced data base of the native and exotic vascular flora of th 
ascular flora of the coastal systems of sand dunes in central italy containing information rega 
raphic distribution. to this scope, the data base will be integrated with a gis software in ord 
tive and alien species in the different plant community types growing on coastal dunes. further 
thermore, the invasion processes of the sand dune systems will be monitored by using permanent  
sion processes currently in progress in sand dune ecosystems.  
14569 3 ion vary wiyh strains and depend on the host plant and soil features. studies on its genetic an 
h insights into the contribution of the genetic diversity of soil microorganisms to the functio 
il microorganisms to the functioning of forest ecosystems. .  
10232 4 ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come 
p track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this comes from studies at spec 
e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode 
bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.  
10498 4 ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come 
p track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this comes from studies at spec 
e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode 
bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.  
11512 4 ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come 
p track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this comes from studies at spec 
e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode 
bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.  
11613 4 ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come 
p track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this comes from studies at spec 
e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode 
bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.  
15172 1 stigations carried out by the applicant research team in previous/current projects propagated i 
10721 5                                         evolutionary biologists have long been fascinated by th 
t species. past research has shown that sexual dimorphism has arisen in response to differing m 
ng through the population, due to their negative effect on the other sex. finally, we will stud 
 antagonism in order identify the exact nucleotide sites responsible for differences in sex-spe 
ites responsible for differences in sex-specific performance. doing so will allow us to infer f 
7389 2 roposes to continue the exploitation of basic research and applied purposes of a metagenomic li 
unds and determine the impact had quont gene transfer to shape these clusters  
6923 6                                         crown gall caused by agrobacterium is one of the most s 
 controlled. the pathogen transform the host plant cells resulting in tumorous growth. the tran 
bacterial dna from the bacterium to the host cell nucleus is determined by bacterial virulence  
cell nucleus is determined by bacterial virulence genes, while its integration into the plant g 
 using insertion mutagenesis, yeast-two hybrid system or virus induced gene silencing. the aim  
w tools may help us in engineering new, crown gall resistant lines.  
14173 2 ewer-fangman type 2-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. we would like to understand what m 
n vitro reconstitution experiments with purified protein factors.  
15173 3                                 in this research project we will study sex determination and go 
ing xenopus tropicalis and bufo bufo as animal models. we chose the species x. tropicalis due t 
elation with morphological changes that take place in the gonad during development will allow u 
12461 1 economic link licence condition against public interest objectives, particularly the vision of  
15038 9                biological invasions are important elements of global change, representing the s 
he decline and even collapse of several marine ecosystems. seaweeds represent an important comp 
resent an important component of marine exotic species, ranging between 10 and 40% of the total 
e of these species mean a high risk for marine ecosystems, as seaweeds may function as ecosyste 
 further than the direct impacts by the invasive species, such as changes in species compositio 
enario and in new climatic scenarios of global warming, identifying special sensitive regions t 
dentifying special sensitive regions to invasive species and, with them specific communities. u 
onsidering as model the invasion of the red seaweed asparagopsis taxiformis on mediterranean an 
cies is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in europe and in the mediterranean sea 
14705 1 duction. in the other hand, to know the genetic diversity of this specie allows us to develop m 
7532 2 tic profiles. we propose to analyze the genetic diversity of 15 of these races with the panel o 
eds of livestock information, and study genetic distances between them. the distances between r 
15143 1 importance that small fragments of semi-natural habitat have as biological corridors, allowing  
7371 2 of the variability of genes involved in meiotic recombination which is nevertheless at the hear 
lyzing the nucleotide diversity of four key players in the formation of crossing- overs at the  
14862 1  present in practically every permanent fresh water body of this planet and they exert in many  
10068 1 n the same way. some kinds of seabird . evolutionary trees will also be used to test whether al 
15424 3 y perspective to study the evolution of sexual behaviour, genitalia and alternative mating tact 
 . one of the most important debates in evolutionary biology focuses on why sexual reproduction 
 the nature and significance of selfish genetic elements, like transposons. we recently reviewe 
13415 1 le production system of angora goats in rural areas within the context of conservation and sust 
14166 7 measurements have demonstrated the high information content and potential of angular reflectanc 
 of angular reflectance distribution in remote sensing applications. for example, the angular d 
ield base of the estonian university of life sciences which has been and will be a test site of 
e sciences which has been and will be a test site of international satellite remote sensing pro 
 a test site of international satellite remote sensing projects. besides advancing the know-how 
sensing projects. besides advancing the know-how of instrument development and data processing  
 know-how of instrument development and data processing techniques, the results of the project  
9963 3                    many animals live in social groups, such as shoals of fish, herds of zebra,  
dual animals, and the interactions that take place between animals, influence the patterns we s 
 for this sort of work, as they live in social groups in the wild, and also swim freely in open 
6918 8  should be optimized. the inbreeding in short time, the decreasing of homozygozity in long time 
y. the genetic improvement of dairy and beef cattle, of sport horses as well as of pig and shee 
luding the animal breeding departments, research institute, breeding company and the breeding a 
y and the breeding associations and the state office of animal breeding. the solution of geneti 
allenges increases the genetic value of domestic animal populations in the future. there are, h 
in the future. there are, however, some short time effects of this activity as well in the main 
by the planned scientific and practical international cooperation. in the project the basic and 
he hungarian breeders' associations, as co-workers and consortium members, will use the results 
1987 3 irds travel between their wintering and breeding grounds via a number of distant stop-over site 
reeding grounds via a number of distant stop-over sites. why birds use a particular route and f 
ration and ecological, evolutionary and conservation issues. in particular, state-dependent mod 
13600 2  more general ecological question about rain forest ecocsystem response to canopy disturbance.  
 variuos epiphytes on coffee plants and shade trees. i will primarily be located at dr. stacy m 
14417 6 d ultraviolet-b radiation. the enhanced ultraviolet radiation affects important metabolic proce 
ng organisms and causes damages to many organic molecules including dna. deep understanding of  
to be a wide field for biodiversity and environmental protection investigations. the resistance 
iorating anthropogenic conditions. many harmful effects accumulate genomic and cell defense sys 
 ability to survive settling in various ecological niches and thus being extremely resistible t 
nd biochemical markers of resistance to ultraviolet radiation alone or combined with other form 
10344 5 experiment, tied up to a large drifting ice floe in the weddell sea, antarctica. they will cond 
bial assemblage that thrives within the sea ice itself and in the waters directly underneath th 
tic organisms and bacteria and look for specific chemical signatures of the organisms that can  
d the ship, however, some sophisticated chemical analyses will be made on samples returned to b 
ar microbial dynamics and diversity and chemical processes within the oceans. the expedition is 
14366 4 goals: wp1 digital elevation models for morphological analyses: the objecvtive of this wp is to 
 dems. wp2 development and evolution of river systems: the major aim of this wp is to automatic 
ings. wp5 functional and multi-temporal urban development: the objective of this wp is to study 
interactions and to asses the impact of urban development on the natural and cultural heritage  
14708 1 will be compared to gain insight in the evolutionary history of this mutualism.  
13786 11 munity little is known about anti-viral immune responses. viral diseases are especially abundan 
nown about anti-viral immune responses. viral diseases are especially abundant in lepidoptera.  
rts of the hemolin sequence followed by protein expression and binding assays in vitro. knowled 
ence followed by protein expression and binding assays in vitro. knowledge of viral pathogenesi 
d binding assays in vitro. knowledge of viral pathogenesis in lepidoptera comes from studies of 
 studies of noctuid moths and there are circumstantial evidences for hemolin involvement in sev 
r hemolin involvement in several of the defense mechanisms against the viruses. by cloning hemo 
rent virus types. in parallel, a global gene expression analysis in silkmoth will be performed, 
na interference. knowledge of the virus defense mechanisms that control the baculovirus develop 
for improving baculovirus efficiency in biological control. it can also give insights into anti 
 can also give insights into anti-viral defense mechanisms in vertebrates.  
14106 2  costs of reproduction and dominance in field studies on free-living birds. research will be co 
onary animal ecology – greenfinches and great tits, i.e., passerine birds with carotenoid-based 
7630 2 our project has two primary objectives, ecological restoration operations are also part of the  
on compensation "in kind" to offset the environmental impacts to the natural environment is sta 
15333 4 d by agriculture, forestry, tourism, or urban development alter biodiversity at local, regional 
le, classify and identify. they play an important role in nearly all the ecosystems to evaluate 
 of organization including communities, functional groups and individual species. at the same t 
stry, and tourism policies, reconciling economic development and the conservation of biodiversi 
14604 2 will determine whether the influence of temperature changes on the different vital processes ha 
otypical plasticity or in adaptation by natural selection. this information will be useful to m 
7120 1 ersity mainly apprehended in the nature conservation policies of line  
10465 6 iotic bacterium that provides essential amino acids and other nutrients that are absent in the  
hogenic fungi, help the aphid withstand heat shock, and influence host plant use. secondary sym 
hid withstand heat shock, and influence host plant use. secondary symbionts constitute a pool o 
species they can be called a horizontal gene pool, a term we borrow from bacterial genetics whe 
 subprojects. the first is to develop a mathematical model to synthesise all we know about seco 
 final part of the project seeks to use cutting edge bacterial genetic strain typing to describ 
9887 6 iotic bacterium that provides essential amino acids and other nutrients that are absent in the  
hogenic fungi, help the aphid withstand heat shock, and influence host plant use. secondary sym 
hid withstand heat shock, and influence host plant use. secondary symbionts constitute a pool o 
species they can be called a horizontal gene pool, a term we borrow from bacterial genetics whe 
 subprojects. the first is to develop a mathematical model to synthesise all we know about seco 
 final part of the project seeks to use cutting edge bacterial genetic strain typing to describ 
10922 2 estigated from both long and short-term laboratory studies and complemented by a range of mathe 
 studies and complemented by a range of mathematical models. these models will range from gener 
15575 24             since the 1940ies increased agricultural production has modified agricultural lands 
luding destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats, reduction in habitat diversity, and i 
ed by biodiversity are rare. biological pest control is one ecosystem service threatened by agr 
ut the mechanisms behind such landscape-pest control relationships. moreover, the relationship  
hip between natural enemy diversity and biological control is not straightforward. even though  
fluctuating environmental conditions. a food web approach, where the trophic interactions betwe 
use and natural enemy diversity affects biological control. it has been shown that the structur 
n that the structure of host-parasitoid food webs can be strongly altered by habitat modificati 
ication with important implications for biological control. however, to date no study has explo 
as explored the interactions in complex food webs including agricultural pests, predatory and p 
ractions in complex food webs including agricultural pests, predatory and parasitoid natural en 
 of natural enemy-pest-alternative prey food web interactions and the value of biological contr 
 food web interactions and the value of biological control. our study system will be cereal aph 
e among the economically most important insect pests in many parts of europe, and the most impo 
 these aphids as well as their non-pest food sources. based on the vast amount of data already  
d by our team we will analyse how local land use and landscape composition affects natural enem 
fts in natural enemy communities affect biological control. using up-to-date molecular techniqu 
. using up-to-date molecular techniques food web interactions will be empirically examined unde 
ions will be empirically examined under field conditions allowing us to conduct interaction net 
rent scales affects trophic linking and biological control. these data will feed into a model f 
. these data will feed into a model for biological control of cereal aphids, and facilitate val 
al aphids, and facilitate valuations of biological control through monetary and non-monetary me 
-monetary methods. finally, we will map biological control across landscapes in europe and test 
 and landscape structure will influence biological control.  
10603 4 ut these bacteria as we can only grow a tiny fraction of them in the laboratory for study. deep 
on of them in the laboratory for study. deep ocean sediments contain most of these deep biosphe 
the surface and trying to study them at atmospheric pressure, which might kill the vast majorit 
ospheric pressure, which might kill the vast majority of them. we have developed a system which 
10103 5 d 20,000 species, is the largest in the plant kingdom. orchids hold a particular fascination be 
ing, intensification of agriculture and land use changes have placed many species in jeopardy.  
 for over a century, the details of the chemical compounds that are characteristic of it are un 
recently developed technique in which a laser beam is used to vaporise compounds contained in t 
 tissue and to pass the products into a mass spectrometer enabling the individual carbon and ni 
12631 6 g supporting statements; and structured telephone interviews with a selection of local authorit 
elephone interviews with a selection of local authority planners and representatives of natural 
ral england. the research will focus on local authorities with high a degree of development pre 
grade alc land located near to existing urban areas. 3. study outputs from these elements of wo 
 project team will ultimately develop a technical report which details the current availability 
stainability indicator when determining planning applications. the project team will also seek  
7034 4 ty or a reduction in the stability of a real world ecosystem. outputs from this research projec 
real world ecosystem. outputs from this research project may have fundamental practical implica 
 the stability according to a change in driving forces like climate change.  
ding to a change in driving forces like climate change.  
6744 4                                  the am research institute for viticulture and enology has been 
 resistance breading effectivelly for a half century. breading of fungi-resistance, marketable  
 important the use results of molecular biological research. application of molecular markers,  
g. in this field the using of molecular genetic markers constitute is a new and effective metho 
14484 2 is trichiura lives as a parasite on the large intestine of the human host. trichuris vulpis and 
on and sequentiation of the co1 and nd1 mitochondrial gene in the three species of nematode par 
15219 2 ny marine invertebrates present complex life cycles comprising several developmental stages whi 
ncountered by researchers when studying population dynamics, recruitment events, larval dispers 
14663 4 igh irradiance combined with drought or low temperatures. the imbalance between light energy ab 
truction of a reliable and reproducible data base. finally, its validity as an ecophysiological 
ol will be tested by using the obtained data base in a forest study to compare antioxidant syst 
ed by using the obtained data base in a forest study to compare antioxidant systems in winter a 
14203 1 w lake with comparatively high ratio of catchment area to lake volume can be attributed to the  
10862 1 cal scientific knowledge to real marine environmental problems. this grant supports 3 full stud 
11022 11 iassic, about 220ma ago. their mesozoic fossil record is frustratingly sparse, and the part tha 
nge transformed to the mechanism of the middle ear; one of the great case studies of vertebrate 
ism of the middle ear; one of the great case studies of vertebrate evolutionary morphology. bas 
o help them interpret fossils. detailed high resolution scans can be produced using synchrotron 
 resolution scans can be produced using synchrotron radiation. the small size of morganucodon a 
tage as they can be accommodated in the high resolution facilities at the swiss light source to 
high resolution facilities at the swiss light source to be tested. the analysis calculates stra 
forces. non-invasive techniques such as computed tomography scans can be used to generate accur 
 be insectivores but this covers a very wide range of possible food. this study will use fea to 
ll inform on feeding specialization and ecological niches. morganucodon and kuehneotherium both 
rstand the mechanism of the transition. high resolution synchrotron scans will also provide det 
12490 15 hrough high ammonia concentrations near point sources; - decrease of species diversity of semi- 
its subsequent leaching; - pollution of ground water and drinking water due to nitrate leaching 
aching; - pollution of ground water and drinking water due to nitrate leaching; - eutrophicatio 
ce waters due to nitrogen enrichment; - global warming due to emission of nitrous oxide and met 
nt; - global warming due to emission of nitrous oxide and methane, and cooling due to ammonium  
ling due to ammonium sulphate aerosols; air quality management for ecosystem protection has pri 
 date on the use of critical levels and critical loads to define environmental thresholds above 
ne environmental thresholds above which adverse effects may occur. however, the effects on ecos 
to the nitrogen emerging as nitrates in water courses to the detriment of the aquatic environme 
riment of the aquatic environment or to nitrous oxide emissions that contribute to climate chan 
rous oxide emissions that contribute to climate change. in the uk to date, most effort has been 
irective insight into the true costs of policy measures. this project will compare the ecosyste 
tems approach with current conventional air quality management approaches to determine which as 
. this will acheived by comparing three different approaches to emission control which involve  
mentation of an ecosystems approach for air quality policy development at national level in the 
12516 5 ase management in organic and low input apple orchards. an ecological approach to orchard floor 
earch to identify the components of the apple blossom weevil sex pheromone should lead to new m 
ers. manipulation and management of the ground cover plants within the crop to provide attracti 
oth in terms of refuges and alternative food sources is likely to increase the abundance of ben 
nge of pest species that have different life cycle strategies. some species have a ground inhab 
12046 3 the plankton are the base of the marine food chain. among planktonic microbes, there seems to b 
n the plankton to understand how marine food chains work and the effects of global change. we e 
e effects of global change. we examined basic questions concerning protists of the plankton by  
12057 3 ies in aquatic systems ans likelyplay a key role in shaping and/or controlling the diversity an 
. however, comprehensive studies at the community level are still missing. the following object 
rate phages; 3/ assessing transduction, host range and resistance processes in communities; 4/  
11045 1 ing within different species in various food chains, all the way up to and including man. recen 
11057 1 ing within different species in various food chains, all the way up to and including man. recen 
10238 3 nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology  
iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
10697 3 nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology  
iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
11252 3 nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology  
iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
11262 3 nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology  
iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
11793 3 nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology  
iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
11800 3 nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology  
iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
11803 3 nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology  
iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
9971 3 nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology  
iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
9977 3 nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology  
iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
9986 3 nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology  
iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
9988 3 nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology  
iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
12247 2 d reduce the environmental footprint of food production substantially. this has clear significa 
 has clear significance for sustainable food production and security.  
207 1 s in forest ecosystsems under different forest management pressure; to study experimentally the 
14108 1 rrhizal fungi whole dna extraction from plant roots followed by molecular species identificatio 
11863 6 nments such as deserts or inside caves. charred remains are much commoner, these being grains a 
a is only poorly preserved, because the high temperatures to which the molecules have been expo 
ing the technique called the polymerase chain reaction . pcr does not work particularly well wi 
s to use it to study the ancient dna in charred remains have not been very successful. this is  
trating because ancient dna analysis of charred remains could tell us a great deal about prehis 
thern europe, but we do not know if the genetic changes that resulted in this adaptation occurr 
7035 9 pelines in the landscape that transport organic carbon from the continents to the oceans. recen 
that streams, rivers and estuaries emit significant amounts of co2 to the atmosphere. these stu 
 of ecosystem metabolism on terrestrial organic carbon — in streams and rivers. obviously, thes 
bservations raise the question: how can organic carbon that was initially stored in soils over  
tions involved in the metabolism of key organic compounds of terrestrial origin. we will also t 
ively recalcitrant compounds. new ultra-high resolution metabolomics will contribute to unravel 
pine, tropical and arctic networks. the carbon cycle in these biomes is predicted to be particu 
s predicted to be particularly prone to global warming. this ecosystem-level information, coupl 
heir performance to oxidize terrestrial organic carbon.  
10518 4 e hydrate is stable under conditions of low temperature and high pressure such as those found i 
r than 300-600 metres, depending on the water temperature. over the past thirty years, the ocea 
 hydrate is stable to contract down the continental slope, with the apparent consequence that h 
 the seabed to derive the variations in electrical resistivity in the sediments beneath the sea 
11727 1  and simple incubation experiments with bacterial cultures. such studies have much wider implic 
10183 5 onships in zooplanktonic species. since planktonic organisms are central to marine foodwebs, th 
 central to marine foodwebs, the global carbon cycle and represent a key life-stage of many ben 
ny benthic species the determination of bacterial infections that take place in the plankton wi 
ermination of bacterial infections that take place in the plankton will have a profound influen 
nkton will have a profound influence on marine ecology.  
11663 7  livestock. ascertaining if an emergent infectious disease is spreading and if that spread is m 
ading and if that spread is mediated by human activities is a fundamental component of infectio 
ctivities is a fundamental component of infectious disease risk assessment, indentified as a de 
amental component of infectious disease risk assessment, indentified as a deliverable in nerc s 
ory suggests that dispersal mediated by human activities can proceed in a disorganized and irre 
 recruit the public to cooperate in the data collection. this project extends a strong working  
llection. this project extends a strong working relationship between twjg at the institute of z 
11785 6 ion. thus, a huge deficit exists in our general knowledge of species diversity, but also, there 
reme negative correlation between taxon body size and the number of species described. current  
e found in all habitats, but notably in marine sediments where they can make up between 50-90%  
nematodes are ecologically important in marine sediment ecosystem processes and comprise the ma 
hich macroorganisms rely. despite their pivotal role in ecosystem functioning, a current estima 
olecular biodiversity would represent a major advance towards identifying a crucial biological  
11636 11 diated, nutrient cycling processes that take place within soil. these processes are essential f 
 soil microbial communities. typically, molecular analysis involves extraction of soil dna or r 
dentity and diversity of the community. molecular analysis has revealed the existence of consid 
 revealed the existence of considerable microbial diversity in soil and the existence of many g 
with extreme environments, e.g. low ph, high temperature. non-thermophilic crenarachaeota are a 
of large fragments of dna from soil and marine environments indicate a possible function for th 
ontain genes isotope c or with labelled organic compounds known to be converted by ammonia mono 
 be converted by ammonia monooxygenase. nucleic acids in organisms assimilating these substrate 
l be labelled and 13c- and 12c-labelled nucleic acids will then be separated by density gradien 
nucleic acids will then be separated by density gradient centrifugation. the different nucleic  
 gradient centrifugation. the different nucleic acid fractions will be analysed, by amplificati 
10070 3 are essential symbiotic partners of the vast majority of temperate trees; the fungi play a crit 
tured from the soil for access to plant organic carbon. however, we know surprisingly little ab 
eathland systems, and they will provide stepping stones for performing ecologically-significant 
10429 2 cal ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly a 
stly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simulate tropical c 
10967 2 cal ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly a 
stly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simulate tropical c 
11699 2 cal ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly a 
stly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simulate tropical c 
14952 2 sion process will be proposed, based in ecological niche and in degree-day models.  
posed, based in ecological niche and in degree-day models.  
14540 5               the development of former research projects dealing with identification of autoch 
ginal from america, which behaves as an invasive species, outcompeting the autochthonous artemi 
 as possible the presence of the exotic invasive species. the research on life span for specime 
xotic invasive species. the research on life span for specimens from these populations, under s 
 from these populations, under standard laboratory culture conditions, and on cooccurrence in a 
14638 3               the development of former research projects dealing with identification of autoch 
 to improve the information held in the data base and cyst bank maintained by the research grou 
ta base and cyst bank maintained by the research group.  
7151 4 d growth, the light color and excellent mechanical properties of the wood. f. angustifolia is a 
tifolia is not considered an essence of good quality and there is no known economic uses of its 
 a business perspective. the reality of climate change, notably that of the increase in the ave 
on, local adaptation, mating system and gene flow measurements in sympatric populations and pur 
13875 9 rosa rugosa from ne asia is an invasive exotic species in n europe and ne north america. it con 
distinguished, evolution and ecology. a genetic change may have taken place in the exotic range 
ion and may have been caused by altered selective pressure in the new environment or by introgr 
 from its natural enemies , which limit population growth and plant vigour in its native range. 
h and plant vigour in its native range. circumstantial evidence points to both evolutionary and 
ar species, and the introduction of new invasive species. the project will test for quantittive 
ing general herbivory and disease under field conditions with competitive neighbours. experimen 
ive and exotic ranges. in addition, the population dynamics will be studied in order to identif 
ill be studied in order to identify the life cycle stage most sensitive to control measures.  
14583 2 ommunity in the places where due to the human activities is damaged or it is disappearing, and  
olve the lose of biodiversity caused by human activities.  
12590 4    policy-makers across defra and other government departments have a key requirement for relia 
 the belief of both policymakers and uk soil scientists that sufficient information already exi 
exists to enable the impact of existing government policies on soc losses to be examined. howev 
 of soil c flux for several established land use and management scenarios, within specified lev 
10163 5                                         coral reefs are under threat worldwide from a combinati 
ed to have had a considerable impact on reef fish communities. the aim of this project is to co 
ublished and unpublished information on reef fish abundance across the caribbean. using the sam 
term patterns of change in abundance of reef fish and relate these to changes in habitat and fi 
changes that have occurred on caribbean coral reefs over the past 30 years.  
10190 3      in unicellular microbes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and 
crobes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be  
 growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be discriminated usi 
10998 3      in unicellular microbes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and 
crobes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be  
 growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be discriminated usi 
14373 2  importance throughout the world and in developing countries in particular. it will also incorp 
 devices that would greatly enhance the data collection capacity, its interactivity and ease an 
12291 5 nge. in the last 30 years, agricultural weed control has been dominated by the use of herbicide 
ective of this research is to develop a computer model that will predict the impacts of changes 
 development of herbicide resistance. a key element of these changes will be to incorporate mor 
 more cultural, physical and biological weed control options. this modelling-based project will 
ticular, the development of alternative weed control strategies will require research to better 
10840 1  can be used to reconstruct phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a levels using a range 
15438 1 ng multifactor interactions influencing ecosystem structure and functioning is critical to unde 
13794 2 ndscape analyze of ecosystem services , trade-offs between bundles of services, multifunctional 
 in addition to work within my previous case study in southern madagascar, i have also initiate 
7485 1 . technical and operational failures of fish farming technology cause escapes. cages break down 
14109 11                                         drastic changes in landscape structure during the last  
f plant populations causing the loss of genetic variation through reduced gene flow, higher inb 
ss of genetic variation through reduced gene flow, higher inbreeding and random genetic drifts, 
gene flow, higher inbreeding and random genetic drifts, which decrease species fitness and incr 
elements are expected to counteract the negative effects of fragmentation. the role of such ele 
ion. the role of such elements enabling gene flow and thus supporting plant genetic diversity i 
ing gene flow and thus supporting plant genetic diversity is largely unknown. sowing of commerc 
equences of this measure on the natural gene pool have received no attention so far. the aims o 
 sowing commercial seed mixtures on the genetic diversity and fitness of natural plant populati 
he effect of landscape structure on the gene flow. using artificial dye to mimic pollen, i will 
c pollen, i will study how effective is gene flow by pollen and whether it is influenced by hab 
12168 2 binations of options promoting farmland bird populations, the extent to which these are influen 
population recovery for a number of key bird species.  
12550 1  use of antibiotics to achieve improved disease control of efb. shook swarm involves transferri 
10865 1  to be tested are not too ambitions for doctoral research, given our supervisory track-record,  
14816 1 ive models of future distributions in a climate change scenario. we will also extract the perti 
11012 2 s, either separately, or in response to one another. for example, changes in temperature or hab 
es of hosts and pathogens to coexist. a wide range of economically important plants vary in eit 
11524 2 s, either separately, or in response to one another. for example, changes in temperature or hab 
es of hosts and pathogens to coexist. a wide range of economically important plants vary in eit 
12171 6      a wealth of evidence suggests that set-aside has had benefits for farmland biodiversity, p 
cent studies suggests that, on average, set-aside can support 6-8 times higher densities of key 
her densities of key declining farmland bird species in summer and over 50 times higher densiti 
dge mitigation measures for the loss of set-aside. the results will help policy-makers to asses 
easures to mitigate against the loss of set-aside by providing a strong evidence base for the i 
his habitat change on the behaviour and population trends of farmland birds. they will also pro 
10311 6 ate of the region. this is because most climate models predict an increase in dry season intens 
t climate models predict an increase in dry season intensity, and all an increase in temperatur 
 the coming century as a consequence of global climate change. whether or not long-term climate 
ming century as a consequence of global climate change. whether or not long-term climate change 
limate change. whether or not long-term climate change is already involved the current event ca 
 can help us evaluate how humid forest, deciduous forests and savanna ecosystems and species re 
2182 1  is the only norwegian territory in the northern hemisphere which is not included. an update of 
10858 1 me of the most basic information on the life history of this species, information that may be v 
10067 5                           proliferative kidney disease and will significantly contribute to fun 
dly during research with case partners, fish farm partners and academic institutes. drivers for 
nderstanding is crucial for identifying risk factors associated with disease outbreaks and the  
dentifying risk factors associated with disease outbreaks and the susceptibility of wild fish p 
onid fish and the many pressures facing brown trout populations, monitoring fish health in the  
10156 11 se studies and, indeed, the majority of disease control programmes of humans and domestic anima 
isease control programmes of humans and domestic animals tend to consider individual infections 
on for shared resources . in this case, immune responses raised against one parasite may also a 
sign of truly effective and sustainable disease control programs. if control approaches only co 
. putting all these interactions into a mathematical model will allow us to predict how such pa 
e a vital tool for developing long-term disease control strategies in other host species, such  
 in other host species, such as humans, domestic animals or wildlife threatened to extinction b 
or wildlife threatened to extinction by infectious diseases. it is gradually being realised tha 
sed that parasite co-infections play an important role in the occurrence and management of many 
 the increasing concerns about emerging infectious diseases around the globe, it has never been 
ce, and control. this project will be a major step in that direction.  
11676 11 se studies and, indeed, the majority of disease control programmes of humans and domestic anima 
isease control programmes of humans and domestic animals tend to consider individual infections 
on for shared resources . in this case, immune responses raised against one parasite may also a 
sign of truly effective and sustainable disease control programs. if control approaches only co 
. putting all these interactions into a mathematical model will allow us to predict how such pa 
e a vital tool for developing long-term disease control strategies in other host species, such  
 in other host species, such as humans, domestic animals or wildlife threatened to extinction b 
or wildlife threatened to extinction by infectious diseases. it is gradually being realised tha 
sed that parasite co-infections play an important role in the occurrence and management of many 
 the increasing concerns about emerging infectious diseases around the globe, it has never been 
ce, and control. this project will be a major step in that direction.  
12341 2                  summary objective: the north-east atlantic stocks of porbeagle and spurdog are 
sure that new policies are founded on a good understanding of the resource and its exploitation 
12615 10     england has a substantial legacy of chemical contaminants in soil, mainly resulting from in 
aminants in soil, mainly resulting from industrial pollution. government has a wide range of po 
 industrial pollution. government has a wide range of policies specifically designed to prevent 
hat it has the potential to cause harm. government policy is clear that the risks need to be ad 
ntaminants specified as limit values in planning permission conditions and associated use of la 
t such information. it may be that some local authority contaminated land officers collect some 
r statutory duties under part 2a of the environmental protection act 1990, e.g. where sites whi 
 a phased approach will be taken to the data collection exercise. firstly, a pilot study will b 
he data collection exercise. firstly, a pilot study will be undertaken to establish the feasibi 
cy to date which can in turn inform the policy making of the future.  
10992 1 rsity and the impact of factors such as climate change, this project aims to provide a small-sc 
11214 3 ntial reasons for this include changing circulation patterns and/or changes in the abundance an 
oductivity to reconstruct phytoplankton production rates, from space. production rates estimate 
oplankton production rates, from space. production rates estimated from space will then need to 
11754 2  fish stocks, we need to understand the population dynamics and productivity of the zooplankton 
ne these relationships using animals in laboratory culture under different conditions. we will  
419 3 ears to be one of the most sensitive to climate change. the potential impacts of these changes  
f many ecosystems and species. a strong research effort to determine the past and coming effect 
by generating consequences on dependant human activities. it will then become possible to propo 
7136 2 be one of the most sensitive regions to climate change. the potential impacts of this change co 
s generating an impact on the dependent human activities. it will then be possible to propose a 
12272 18                               to inform government policy at national and european scales, defr 
s that influence the sustainability and environmental impacts of arable crop production. this p 
ity and environmental impacts of arable crop production. this project will maintain consistency 
f surveillance of diseases and pests in winter wheat and winter oilseed rape and cabbage stem w 
es and pests in winter wheat and winter oilseed rape and cabbage stem weevil. a final assessmen 
em weevil. a final assessment will then take place on all crops at pod ripening to measure stem 
 a questionnaire will be used to obtain specific details of agronomic practice. additional inve 
rain. the datasets generated from these annual surveys now provide defra with statistically sou 
n and flexibility necessary to inform a wide range of policy questions now and for the future.  
istically robust source of evidence for policy making which aims to mitigate the impacts of cro 
 key resource for monitoring impacts of climate change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator 
ecting future availability of pesticide active ingredients, to production of wheat in this coun 
continue existing collaborations with a wide range of defra and levy funded research and indust 
acts of issues including food security, climate change, environmental protection, uk and eu gov 
ncluding food security, climate change, environmental protection, uk and eu government policy,  
ge, environmental protection, uk and eu government policy, varietal resistance, pathogen resist 
d management and economics on wheat and oilseed rape production. samples or data will also be p 
o be provided to support monitoring for food safety, development and validation of models for d 
7457 9       as the evidence for human induced climate change becomes clearer, so too does the realiza 
mpacts on natural environment and socio-economic systems. some regions are more vulnerable than 
on the quantity and quality of water in mountain regions. modeling techniques will be used to p 
various time and space scales. regional climate models will provide the essential information o 
 incidence of extreme events in various catchment areas. environmental and socio-economic respo 
 be devoted to the interactions between land use/land cover changes, and changing or conflictin 
s. specific environmental conditions of mountain regions will be particularly affected by rapid 
n regions whose economic conditions and political structures may compromise capacities to respo 
uch as the andes and central asia where complex problems resulting from asymmetric power relati 
12295 19 low defra to improve their responses on land use issues in england. the project will provide a  
rovide a readily available resource for decision makers to assess the most sustainable options  
assess the most sustainable options for land use. the project aims are: 1. identify sources of  
roject aims are: 1. identify sources of land use typology data for england. 2. create a databas 
ase of metadata for the key features of land use typology datasets, including searchable key wo 
typology datasets, including searchable key words or tags and links to other datasets or policy 
posed by inclusion of each dataset in a land use framework. 4. assess existing activities curre 
cal barriers to synthesis of comparable land use datasets into one map. 6. recommend future wor 
 that could aid in the development of a land use framework. such suggested future work could in 
d include the creation of a synthesised land use typology into a single classification scheme.  
ing of the distribution and patterns of land use at a meaningful level for policy making. durin 
s of land use at a meaningful level for policy making. during the project a desk-based assessme 
based assessment of existing sources of land use data will be undertaken, and the results of th 
ill focus on the geographic elements of land use data. where the resolution of the data is deem 
ecognised as not sufficiently useful to decision makers this will also be recorded. additionall 
onally, perceived gaps in the domain of land use data will be noted. the first stages of the pr 
 are to discuss the potential form of a land use framework, to address the function of such a f 
; • land with designated status – aonbs/national parks/nature designations analysis will be per 
 defra taking each dataset forward in a land use framework. recommendations will be made for ad 
14981 1                   it is well known that human activities impact structural elements, both bioti 
14979 1                   it is well known that human activities impact structural elements, both bioti 
14980 1                   it is well known that human activities impact structural elements, both bioti 
14978 1                   it is well known that human activities impact structural elements, both bioti 
7191 2                          mpas review of marine reserves governance implications of large scale  
ications of large scale in national and international waters. we will apply these methods in th 
12641 1  identify the social, environmental and economic benefits and costs of alternative options for  
12252 5 tion without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. the environ 
d out in the environment itself causing point source and diffuse pollution and impacting on hab 
will be undertaken to identify the main scientific evidence base on which the comparison work w 
e based. the causal mechanisms by which different approaches can influence environmental outcom 
 this will help inform defra policy and public debate about sustainable farming. the innovative 
14674 1 the region guarantee the success of the research project proposed.  
12153 10 aging flocks of sheep on large areas of common land and communal grazing. initially, sheep had  
ool self contained flocks are required. anecdotal evidence suggests that hefting can increase b 
sonal preferences for grazing different plant communities. variation in the spatial distributio 
rs of the delivery team and some of the anecdotal evidence. the latter will be addressed by pre 
l be addressed by preparing a number of case studies looking at examples of hefting in differen 
of additional management practices. the case studies will include some basic costings which cou 
s which could subsequently be used as a bench mark for the practise. the resulting report will  
ariations and quantify any positive and negative effects of hefting on livestock performance, a 
ts of hefting on livestock performance, animal welfare, farm economics, environmental impact an 
rmance, animal welfare, farm economics, environmental impact and landscape. the potential impac 
12646 1 ce, and hence the effectiveness, of the environmental protection , through an assessment of wil 
15465 4  high interaction of these species with human activities. at present, foraging and feeding data 
meters for blood and skin of a group of bottlenose dolphins kept in captivity in the loro parqu 
nformation on fractionation factors and turnover rates of the tissues that will be analyzed is  
 indicators of changes occurring in the marine environment.  
7667 2                    for several decades, research teams have been interested in the impacts of h 
 have been interested in the impacts of human activities on function of the ecosystems, and mor 
13778 2 s of predation by gelatinous species in coastal waters. the target area will be the gullmar fjo 
latinous species in coastal waters. the target area will be the gullmar fjord, west coast of sw 
12371 1 am managing and co-ordinating an annual research budget of c. £5m and about 100 projects. as we 
7619 6 s using the plant for the management of soil erosion. the french association of biological engi 
soil erosion. the french association of biological engineering for the management of soil erosi 
gical engineering for the management of soil erosion. french position this association with a e 
g the french experience in the field of biological engineering in other countries, the other to 
es, the other to pool the knowledge and know-how various countries to a more universal use of p 
 plant technology for the management of soil erosion  
7426 1 ble are partial and often circumvented. chemical control is fragile. in 2009, new populations r 
13941 7 sing assortative mating in the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis , an important insect pes 
borer ostrinia nubilalis , an important insect pest of agricultural significance over much of t 
icultural significance over much of the northern hemisphere. our aim is to set the scene for su 
hagous and thrives on a large number of host plants. at the same time its sex pheromone system  
ptance of courting males and thus limit gene flow between the races. we will identify these mal 
be investigated in both male and female corn borers by means of microarray techniques. finally, 
ce, clone, and functionally express the fatty acid reductase gene previously demonstrated to ac 
14699 3 c features and their high dependence to host plants make them an excellent indicators for envir 
to higher relevance alterations such as global warming. nevertheless, no systematic compilation 
ves of this project are: - to produce a data base with the bibliography references and also the 
6757 2 the so-called global regulators play an important role in bacterial gene expression. they simul 
ors play an important role in bacterial gene expression. they simultaneously regulate the expre 
10191 2 s are provided with a highly nutritious food source. whatever the reasons it is obvious that th 
matically affected. this project is the first step in attempting to understand and explain inte 
11040 2 ater vehicles or robots . indeed in the long term these technologies will benefit almost anyone 
urements that tell us about the rate of climate change and its effects. our work will increase  
10002 11  life is challenging, especially in the deep sea where high pressure and other logistical chall 
challenges limit data availability to a tiny fraction of what is available for other systems. m 
w shown that even larger animals in the deep sea can vary in density by orders of magnitude, wi 
ude, with concurrent changes in average body size, over periods as short as months. these varia 
nked to climate-driven variation in the food supply to the deep sea. similarly, biogeography st 
ven variation in the food supply to the deep sea. similarly, biogeography studies have found th 
g 100 km or more, the abundance of deep-sea life is related to surface productivity in the wate 
ductivity in the waters above. thus the deep sea could be readily impacted by processes that al 
hat alter surface ocean conditions like climate change, fishery activity, or ocean iron fertili 
is will show how factors such as hills, food supply, or community composition relate spatially  
t into how spatially pervasive temporal climate change impacts might be, a significant input fo 
13501 1 food plants are competitively dominant. conceptual models predict a reversal of grazing effects 
12608 5                                    this research project is one of a number under defras ‘partn 
 of 90% for the total soil improver and growing media market to be peat-free by 2010 and is als 
, particularly for use in horticultural growing media. the current main alternatives to peat ar 
lternatives to peat are timber industry by-products, coconut-fibre dust and will involve interv 
d will involve interviews with the main growing media manufacturers in the uk and also key supp 
2121 4 two approaches, analysis of demographic time series, and interspecific comparisons of manipulat 
 analysis paths will utilise exhaustive data bases that have been assembled in pre-projects. th 
re-projects. the first dataset contains time series derived from long-term studies of demograph 
cts of climate, geography, taxonomy and life history.  
10285 4                         one of the most important issues in climate policy over the next few ye 
e the choice of appropriate targets for emission reductions to play a major role in climate mit 
rize winning intergovernmental panel on climate change. it will be accompanied by a 2-way inter 
ans and outputs. members of the ukcip08 user group will also be consulted. information will be  
14784 3 high rate of mineralization of the soil organic matter, with the consequent decrease of the soi 
he quantity and the quality of the soil organic matter, as well as of the soil biochemical acti 
 on physical, chemical, biochemical and biological characteristics of soil, and the relation wi 
11743 1 ifferent aphid species sharing the same host plant or parasitoid is predicted to be more simila 
14511 1                this project studies the bacterial diseases of wild eel populations as well as t 
12463 1 r purpose: in the eu there is intensive data collection of bycatch and discard onboard commerci 
15153 2  been incorporated to the mainstream of plant community ecology in the last decades, and since  
nce then they are receiving substantial research effort, especially in stressful abiotic enviro 
400 1 to the unique diversity from fisheries, climate changes, aquaculture activities and habitat los 
14113 1 mental awareness and involvement of the general public, to improve the dialogue between researc 
15214 1 imultaneously, we shall reconstruct the evolutionary history of the selected group by including 
7572 2  at some contact areas. from building a genetic map and a qtl analysis, we propose to look for  
de on a model species for understanding evolutionary processes responsible for biodiversity  
14482 1  finally, it is expected to calibrate a molecular clock and to date the main cladogenetic event 
6872 4  been started recently, to discover new chemical compounds and biological activities. from the  
 to discover new chemical compounds and biological activities. from the other hand the lack of  
w chemotypes, isolate compounds of high biological activity, to work out new methods of isolati 
mpounds of high biological activity, to work out new methods of isolation as well as to know mu 
12595 4                                    this research project will provide a clearer understanding o 
ticulture. the governments biodiversity action plan . the lowland raised bog hap has a target t 
rvices such as carbon capture and other government requirements such as duties under the eus la 
 also important to understand that each peat bog is part of a national series, those in the nor 
10461 2                in order to estimate the survival rates of wild animals, data are collected from 
to use the data to estimate the desired survival rates. to date the main statistical methods us 
10281 3  the coastal zone are increasing due to global warming, with sea-level expected to rise by 0.5  
 by 0.5 m over the next century. rising sea levels combined with increased storminess is expect 
 to experts around the world at a major international conference in japan.  
6753 3 eef breeds were imported. the number of beef cattle increased, attained 100.000 cows in the ear 
e european community. when eu member is beef cattle breeding will get into better position amon 
 of agriculture. for the development of beef cattle breeding methods research have to be contin 
15563 4 licy paper as well as interdisciplinary scientific publications. above that, the overall goal o 
ve scientific advances in the following research fields: the ecology of beech forests and their 
ope, and valuation and marketing of the environmental services beech forests can provide. the r 
forests and associated biodiversity for future generations.  
13482 4 ontribute to the energy flow in pelagic food webs and to the downward flux of organic matter. b 
c food webs and to the downward flux of organic matter. behavior and sensory functions of zoopl 
ombining small-scale process-models and dynamic programming we will explore optimal behavioral  
 resources wisely while confronted with climate change and increased maritime activities.  
15487 1 urvival as fitness estimates in several bird species.  
10599 5 earing their brood. they are found in a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insect 
wn offspring. this results in a classic arms race where the host is trying to detect and destro 
ant is not yet known, since there are a wide range of chemicals on the eggs surface of which on 
th this communication system gives us a unique opportunity to study the chemical communication  
e cuckoos have learnt exploit the hosts weak point by either copying the important egg recognit 
9972 5 earing their brood. they are found in a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insect 
wn offspring. this results in a classic arms race where the host is trying to detect and destro 
ant is not yet known, since there are a wide range of chemicals on the eggs surface of which on 
th this communication system gives us a unique opportunity to study the chemical communication  
e cuckoos have learnt exploit the hosts weak point by either copying the important egg recognit 
2053 2 apair. the bluethroat is one of the few bird species in the world in which a genetic benefit to 
be examine d for mhc genes that play an important role in the immune defense against pathogens. 
14152 1  project can be of general interest for evolutionary biologists, explaining the mechanisms of d 
13503 2 onnections between these behaviours and growth rates in a common environment, and physiological 
reasing interest as a novel species for fish farming. performance in culture is assumed to be c 
11602 2 top predator of the southern ocean, the king penguin. the study will bring together the experti 
d to assess the potential usefulness of king penguins as indicators of fluctuations in biologic 
14717 1 on of recent evolutionary events, where evolutionary processes can be detected more clearly, we 
14974 1  threats such as habitat destruction or climate change. using this two-level approach, we hope  
14278 1 earch institutions. * promoting belgian biodiversity research at international fora.  
14304 2                                         research project in the framework of the 'second mu 
ientific support plan for a sustainable development policy ' spsd ii ' part 3: supporti 
2212 2 ck uncertainty, taking into account the physical characteristics of specific resources. • scrut 
different property right regimes affect social costs and benefits, and how optimal and or cost  
11319 6 sity and are ecological hotspots in the deep ocean but their inaccessibility poses major challe 
 conspicuous sampling gaps of which the equatorial regions and most of the indian ocean are the 
e swir in which no bottom trawling will take place: three of these are within the proposed stud 
area. this is an unprecedented event in international waters and presents a unique opportunity  
 in international waters and presents a unique opportunity to study the effectiveness of bpas i 
ng deep-sea habitats and species in the high seas. detailed information on fishing effort at th 
11320 6 sity and are ecological hotspots in the deep ocean but their inaccessibility poses major challe 
 conspicuous sampling gaps of which the equatorial regions and most of the indian ocean are the 
e swir in which no bottom trawling will take place: three of these are within the proposed stud 
area. this is an unprecedented event in international waters and presents a unique opportunity  
 in international waters and presents a unique opportunity to study the effectiveness of bpas i 
ng deep-sea habitats and species in the high seas. detailed information on fishing effort at th 
11585 6 sity and are ecological hotspots in the deep ocean but their inaccessibility poses major challe 
 conspicuous sampling gaps of which the equatorial regions and most of the indian ocean are the 
e swir in which no bottom trawling will take place: three of these are within the proposed stud 
area. this is an unprecedented event in international waters and presents a unique opportunity  
 in international waters and presents a unique opportunity to study the effectiveness of bpas i 
ng deep-sea habitats and species in the high seas. detailed information on fishing effort at th 
10200 1 ovide a proxy for the oxygen content of deep water. this study will serve as a baseline for und 
2476 7  the project synthesizes and integrates research data produced in recent years as a basis for t 
tion and further development of benthic indicator organisms for the monitoring of contaminants  
 endpoints and contaminants in selected indicator organisms. a secondary objective will be to e 
ffects for pahs in selected indicators. biodiversity indicators will be developed by applying a 
tablish a baseline that is unrelated to petroleum industry activities. these results will serve 
g climate-related ecosystem changes and petroleum industry activities in the region for the com 
several on-going and recently completed research projects on the barents sea ecosystem which ar 
10744 1 c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will 
11255 1 c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will 
11259 1 c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will 
11356 1 c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will 
12606 3 research on practices for managing soil organic matter and lowland' agriculture in england, tak 
type, agricultural systems and cropping/land use. any potential negative environmental and econ 
velopes of normality for different soil/land use and rainfall areas. as well as identifying bes 
10988 2  directive the thames region held on an open access web portal. the web portal will also provid 
tween the ea, stakeholders and the nerc scientific community.  
14297 2 part of the north sea consists, for the vast majority, of soft bottoms. exceptions are man-made 
sing sampling devices operated from the sea surface, such as trawls, box cores and van veen gra 
11595 7 teria evolve resistance to antibiotics; industrial pollution led to the evolution of dark forms 
d to the evolution of dark forms of the peppered moth. however, in natural systems, evolution i 
volution would be rapid where there was mutual antagonism . hosts evolve to resist infection by 
genes rarely examined to date: parasite virulence genes evolve rapidly because parasites occasi 
tes into humans about 70 years ago, and swine flu and avian flu have raised our awareness of ne 
this is accompanied by a bout of strong natural selection that may explain why parasite virulen 
selection that may explain why parasite virulence genes evolve rapidly. in this project, we wil 
14285 1                          contextcurrent research programmes in antarctic biology focussed in pa 
7260 2 yzes the effects of the exploitation of marine ecosystem goods and services that biodiversity p 
elops a dynamic multi-agent model using game theory and viable control theory. it offers an emp 
14997 1             we will perform a molecular genetic analysis of phlebotomus ariasi species, studyin 
14996 8 leishmaniosis transmited by the bite of sand flies. few data are available concernig the distri 
nig the distribution and bio-ecology of sand flies in the balearic islands. the few data existi 
f this heterogenous distribution is the sand fly fauna. the probability of the lesihmaniosis tr 
imatic factors. the temperature and the relative humidity are the climatic factors that affect  
ffect principally in the biology of the sand flies. on the other hand, it has been predicted th 
latitude as in altitude, reason why the sand flies could be seen affected by this phenomenon. f 
ity, survival, infestation ratio of the sand flies in relation to the climatic and environmenta 
, survival, parasitism by leishmania of sand flies, together with the environmental data, will  
2472 2 tem services and economically efficient food production at the farm and landscape level. we wil 
the farm and landscape scale, analyzing trade-offs and synergies between functions. third, usin 
7249 3  temporal variability of contamination, invasive species now widely present in temperate aquati 
 metropolitan territory: reflections of urban development in ile de france network of r2ds. sis 
ssessment of chemical contamination and biological response of the ecosystem adapted to high an 
15342 1 gical groups. the study objects are the dung beetles , thanks to the examination of bioacustica 
14200 2 sed to evaluate the effect of dissolved organic matter on toxicity of contaminants. this invest 
give the scientific basis for realistic risk assessment of hazards of chemicals for aquatic eco 
15347 1 re open and light penetrates inside the burial place, with high humidity along the year, an abu 
12044 2                                    this research project aims to understand the consequences th 
able to biodiversity at the species and community levels; the processes that underlie these lan 
12015 10 ognise the value of local knowledge and know-how, in order to strengthen the bonds between loca 
bilities and promising perspectives for local specialities, despite poor knowledge of legal and 
es, despite poor knowledge of legal and regulatory requirements and the inherent risks of trans 
oduction and specialities to spur local economic development; taking local production and speci 
on social and ecological processes, the research teams have been able to highlight and discuss  
chers also contributed to discussion of intellectual property rights in the context of protecti 
ntributed to discussion of intellectual property rights in the context of protecting local reso 
ntext of protecting local resources and know-how. they made recommendations for adapting these  
vation features and challenges. all the research teams worked more or less closely on setting u 
ch teams worked more or less closely on setting up local and national systems.  
13335 6 y biodiversity issues. by networking 21 funding agencies from 15 countries, biodiversa2 aims to 
biodiversa2 will promote a strategy for biodiversity research, in partnership with other player 
e funding opportunity for transnational biodiversity research projects -play an active role in  
ortunity for transnational biodiversity research projects -play an active role in the processes 
nable, independent funding platform for biodiversity research the project has 6 workpackages. w 
stainable funding platform for european biodiversity research, which will be fostered by wp4. w 
13312 14 net involving 15 countries and 19 major research funding agencies in europe with significant re 
ving 15 countries and 19 major research funding agencies in europe with significant research fu 
ing agencies in europe with significant research funding in the field of terrestrial, freshwate 
and recommend requirements for european biodiversity research: including the convention for bio 
ies, priorities and budgets of national research funding agencies. the aim of biodiversa is to  
rities and budgets of national research funding agencies. the aim of biodiversa is to contribut 
e aim of biodiversa is to contribute to setting up such a mechanism, and its objective for the  
-operation in the field of biodiversity.research funding. with the aim of contributing to the i 
ity strategy, biodiversa will allow the funding agencies to collate existing activities, compar 
th developing vountries in the field of biodiversity research funding. in order to achieve this 
 vountries in the field of biodiversity research funding. in order to achieve this, biodiversa  
tory, description and classification of biodiversity research programmes and reserach funding p 
tion and classification of biodiversity research programmes and reserach funding programmes of  
era-net members funding programmes with developing countries; -identification of best practices 
2492 2 bitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 years. this will allo 
empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and impr 
2493 6 uch as voles and lemmings with cyclical population dynamics has taken place nearly simultaneous 
e suspected to originate from change in land use and climate, have the potential to lead to eco 
 transmitted to other components of the food web owing to cascading indirect effects. along wit 
 theoretical interest in population and food web ecology, a main objective of this project is t 
this project is to tackle the corollary conservation issues. this european collaborative projec 
directly influence other species in the food web through cascading effects. within the last wor 
12676 3 rsa are to improve the co-ordination of biodiversity research between member states, to share b 
gnificant potential for defra to obtain added value for any defra funds contributed to the comm 
biodiversity at population, species and community level in europe and provide wide access to th 
7104 6  to partition the space by intensifying agricultural production on part of the territory so as  
ty in france and is often advocated for developing countries. we find the spirit in devices suc 
nsidered in the banal spaces, since the environmental protection strategies compete with other  
rotection strategies compete with other land uses socially important. the debate focuses so oft 
mpact on the natural environment versus environmental protection hampers economic and social de 
cultural professional organizations and state services, tools applied products, we want tailore 
516 6  area through an intensification of the agricultural production on a part of the territory so a 
he eighties and is often recommended in developing countries. one finds the approach in devices 
dered in ordinary areas, as soon as the environmental protection strategies enter into competit 
of energy or the acknowledgement of the greenhouse effect. within the context of french mediter 
e pre-urbanization development plays an important role in reducing progressively the areas avai 
groups of species having a particularly important role in the functioning of ecosystems or agro 
11505 3 in and diversity. the conservation of a wide range of domesticated crops and landraces ecosyste 
 stability and resilience 2. results of trade-off modeling and biosocial assessment of conserva 
 beyond the watershed intensified, with fair trade and value-added strategies adopted by value- 
10877 1  important findings are taken up by key decision makers  
11234 2 e working, stakeholder engagement and a wide range of outputs pitched at policy as well as scie 
derstanding of household decisions over land use. the best partnership combines in depth experi 
10724 1                      recent advances in molecular biology techniques and analyses have greatly  
451 4  to study the biodiversity of maldivian coral reefs in liaison with local partners. the study w 
 will be conducted from 4 different yet complementary angles: inventories, biogeography, preser 
rine species in the maldives - with the fishing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being mo 
he fishing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being more and more developed, what is the st 
14677 1 termine the diversity, distribution and space-time structure as well as the functional stabilit 
11774 1 pecifically on the potential impacts of climate change, which has been identified as a major st 
7216 4  combination of field data, analyzes of population dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will 
 of population dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will help to clarify the operation of re 
ar institute and the national museum of natural history of paris, and will bring together frenc 
ect. the final restitution seminar will take place in madagascar  
531 1                                     our research project aims to provide reflections on the int 
7118 1                                     our research project is to provide food for thought on the  
14418 5 t additions to our limited knowledge of insect pest pathogens in bulgaria and sets the stage fo 
es for the biological protection of our forest ecosystems. the main goals of the proposed proje 
entomopathogens will be conducted using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and cytological  
ll be conducted using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and cytological and molecular meth 
sed systematic investigations of forest insect pest pathogens are expected to: • record new pat 
14846 4  also seem to be an important source of organic carbon in the sediments of aquatic systems. the 
diments. the proposed research requires different approaches using several molecular high-resol 
le cells and stable isotopic probing on nucleic acids. we will also combine this methodologies  
our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes that have spread crenarchaeota f 
14845 4  also seem to be an important source of organic carbon in the sediments of aquatic systems. the 
diments. the proposed research requires different approaches using several molecular high-resol 
le cells and stable isotopic probing on nucleic acids. we will also combine this methodologies  
our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes that have spread crenarchaeota f 
14804 3 ever, recent advances in microscopy and molecular biology have made it possible to examine such 
unities in situ and without the bias of laboratory cultures. this proposal deals with the chara 
s needed a clearer understanding of the microbial diversity of these ecosystems. the aim is not 
409 5                                     the set-aside of forestland for biodiversity purposes is ma 
scales, from single trees to very large nature reserves. the goal of the project is to identify 
 context, the biodiversity level of non set-aside forest . we use different analytical tools, m 
y *reserve selection methods* including linear programming algorithms, and quotients between bi 
uotients between biodiversity value and economic cost. the spatial and temporal dynamic aspects 
11514 3 the effects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a tractable model system-ti 
nment by using a tractable model system-tide pools on rocky shores. these pools act as natural  
derstanding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.  
9925 3 the effects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a tractable model system-ti 
nment by using a tractable model system-tide pools on rocky shores. these pools act as natural  
derstanding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.  
1977 4  lophelia pertusa and madrepora oculata deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will  
ertusa and madrepora oculata deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will show, wheth 
ta deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will show, whether this mystery can be exp 
l frameworks, community respiration and organic matter remineralization. the potential link bet 
6891 1 collaboration between leading hungarian research centers of botany, zoology, soil science, and  
11310 1 uences, we will also construct a better evolutionary tree independent of that from ribosomal rn 
15337 7 maviruses are dsdna viruses that infect stratified epithelia in vertebrates. they are causative 
in and in mucosa, such as cutaneous and genital warts, laryngeal papillomas, basocellular carci 
ransmitted by arthorpods as vectors. in endangered species pv infection has ecological and cons 
till based on assumptions without solid scientific evidence, e.g. species specificity, virus-ho 
t organisms, with potentially different biological properties that might not be directly extrap 
 of already ongoing collaborations with zoological gardens and veterinarians in germany, spain, 
w animal pvs. using this information as starting point we will perform phylogenetic, biogeograp 
7021 1 osal, only rather limited supplementary field work will be necessary. biostratigraphical data f 
14795 3 e used to analyse the proportion of the nitrogen oxides gases, including n2, being released int 
nally biologically active areas. doñana national park is one of the largest and most importants 
ction area for wild birds. however, the microbial life in its soil is perfectly unknown. all th 
12518 1 ss of the beneficial effects of organic farming practices on biodiversity and environment recom 
13729 3 to socio-economic processes driving how natural resources are managed. biodiversity is viewed a 
anaged. biodiversity is viewed as a key natural resource for maintaining ecosystem functioning  
te to the resilience of ecosystems. the specific goals are: * to examine how biodiversity contr 
13947 2        destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats is predicted to cause unprecedented ra 
unity viability analysis that generates risk assessments: the probability that the number of sp 
14186 2  about selection mechanism occurring in microbial population of sourdoughs during continuous pr 
lishment, biodiversity and stability of lactic acid bacteria and yeast population of sourdoughs 
520 2 area. it also has for goal to analyze a development project in favour of biodiversity on an aoc 
 of an observatory that will enable the follow-up of the project and the evaluation of the impl 
7108 1 ne territory. it also aims to analyze a development project in favor of biodiversity at the sca 
521 1               the main objective of our research programme is to contribute to the study of the 
7674 5 protected areas is linked to ecological trade-offs between various components of this diversity 
relative perception by stakeholders and decision makers, and the effectiveness of the managemen 
fectiveness of the management over long time scale . in this project we will simulate elephant  
eir effects on tree diversity in hwange national park and integrated with models of elephant sp 
urring and pumping sustainable over the long run. initial results will be presented in a worksh 
7109 2               the main objective of our research program is to contribute to the study of the p 
ew register of justification set around conservation issues and biodiversity valuation in the f 
14114 1 anges in space and time by the detailed case study of one group of abundant and widespread mari 
437 1 ons: . the history of the spread of the house mouse in the mediterranean basin has been elucida 
442 1                                     the research programme focused on the effect of landscape s 
13942 5                                    this experimental study concerns the importance of biodivers 
ntal ecological processes on earth, the break-down of phytodetritus throgh deposit-feeding anim 
on increases with increasing species or functional group diversity. 2. a more diverse community 
otential to transfer more carbon up the food chain. 3. a more diverse community buries more org 
3. a more diverse community buries more organic matter deeper in the sediment. 4. nodularin and 
7567 1 nter- and intra-species diversity using molecular biology tools adapted but also the correlativ 
7283 3 european and french, science and public decision making biodiversity the project proposes to in 
e weight of the studies produced by the civil society, normativity scientific evidence. convinc 
duced by the civil society, normativity scientific evidence. convinced of the relevance of lega 
2051 2 easonably representative of the coastal marine environment . through this cooperation the proje 
 project will be able to develop a full statistical model for biodiversity without losing biolo 
463 1 ty in the western indian ocean, using a wide range of data sources, having as objective to char 
7281 1 e biodiversity areas, questioning their legal status and analyzes the motivations of various ac 
14821 2 l biodiversity in the marjal pego-oliva natural park, as a first step to evaluating the water q 
he marjal pego-oliva natural park, as a first step to evaluating the water quality and the leve 
456 4 in addition to the inventory mission, a follow-up of the inventory of estuarial post-larva in t 
 combination of field data, analysis of population dynamics and the large-scale satellite sensi 
e of toliara and the national museum of natural history in paris, and will link teams that are  
. the seminar of final restitution will take place in madagascar.  
7262 2 anisms associated with sunken wood deep marine environment has always been perceived as a zoolo 
ose other reducing environments such as hydrothermal vents, cold seeps. the objective of the pr 
9933 2 odiversity reduction caused by regional air pollution was actually occurring. stevens et al. pr 
 leading ecologists, biogeochemists and atmospheric chemists to develop and extend this approac 
7467 1 ed and easily accessible to scientists, policy makers and planners such an integrated and acces 
2137 6               the impacts of pronounced climate change are now apparent at various sites in the 
ental understanding of norways northern marine ecosystems and their responsiveness to environme 
with variables such as productivity and sea surface temperature for which a strong gradient is  
st-doctoral fellowship grant to conduct fundamental research on marine benthos with a focus on  
retical framework of the impacts of the global warming on the soft-bottom marine biodiversity i 
om marine biodiversity in the norwegian continental shelf.  
474 9                biomarks integrates 8 eu research institutes and 30 eu experts in eukaryotic mic 
yotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biol 
arine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biology, bioinformatics, as well as marine ec 
nd for evaluation of its ecological and economic cost. the biomarks database will become the la 
omarks database will become the largest world community resource on marine unicellular eukaryot 
fusion of its data and new methods to a wide range of stakeholders and for scientific and publi 
 of stakeholders and for scientific and public education. several international research progra 
public education. several international research programs on marine biodiversity, major genetic 
ty, major genetic databases and protist culture collections, governmental and private agencies  
7030 2 fter protargol impregnation, and in the electron microscope. a collaboration with pending frenc 
ch and american projects will provide a unique opportunity for a synergistic study, connecting  
7583 1  biodiversity toxigenic molds to dry at room temperature in sterile sand. . strains of the coll 
7050 1 c size , mainly to finance a postdoc, a graduate student, and a technician.  
14419 7  they are primary drivers of the global carbon cycle and they belong to the most valuable micro 
. recent studies have demonstrated that flowering plants and insects ecosystems harbor vast unt 
y of bulgaria is due to its substantial forest area. pirin, rodopi and central balkan national  
 area. pirin, rodopi and central balkan national parks are among the largest and most protected 
urope. bulgarian parks host 250 endemic flowering plants and 1500 species of insects. these pla 
es from these bulgarian ecosystems. the research project will be accomplished in three stages.  
f insects and plants samples from three national parks: pirin, rodopi and central balkan. isola 
7008 1 en evolved. at least 25% of the world's food crops are contaminated with mycotoxins will provid 
7286 2  to their displacement. it thus promote gene flow between fragmented populations and maintain g 
een fragmented populations and maintain genetic diversity within them  
7153 4 rimarily documented by the exo or endo -skeletal remains of animals from archaeological sites,  
icroscopic, molecular and isotopic. ten case studies, mostly original, serve as bases to a synt 
uman impact on animal biodiversity in a time scale ranging from century to millennium. these ca 
nging from century to millennium. these case studies cover a particularly rich environments tax 
7211 5 oject aims to study the biodiversity of coral reefs in the maldives in conjunction with local p 
th local partners in four different but complementary angles: inventories, biogeography, conser 
 maldives • fisheries invertebrates and reef fish being increasingly developed, what is the sta 
 status of the resource and its habitat critical habitats used during the life cycle of the mai 
bitat critical habitats used during the life cycle of the main commercial species are they suff 
429 3                              in ancient oak forests developped on neutral soils in the lorraine 
t the cavity was a pond. throughout the middle ages, tree pollen decreases while the proportion 
an in a cultivated context early in the middle ages.  
14716 6 anisms could lead to the development of new technologies. the aim of the project is to perform  
des and evaluate there efficiency as an alternative technology in the biological control of the 
ncy as an alternative technology in the biological control of the lepidoptera spodoptera littor 
optera littoralis y meloidogyne spp. in field conditions . the project lies within the national 
n the national program of biodiversity, earth sciences and global change in the national subpro 
ty contributing to the thematic line of new technologies, development of technologies in the im 
2499 4 havet og kysten. we believe there is an urgent need for applied research regarding utilization  
plied research regarding utilization of marine ecosystems with emphasis on decision modeling of 
fficient management strategies ensuring long term sustainability. due to the level of aggregati 
imensional stochastic bioprocesses, and operational research and management science.  
10969 4 a significant role in biofouling in the marine environment, and also in the pathogenesis of man 
t, and also in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. an understanding of bioflim format 
enance of bioflims is regulated by cell-cell signalling processes such as quorum-sensing. there 
ree supernatant from cultures of marine bacillus licheniformis strain el-34-6 and b. subtilis s 
13336 2 ed and easily accessible to scientists, policy makers and planners such an integrated and acces 
 biodiversity, and on the other to help policy makers take decisions based on the best availabl 
2511 5 biotic metabolic pathways in eukaryotic host cells. in plants, maintenance of the cells metabol 
lant. in this respect, the light driven electron transport processes in the chloroplast are ess 
entification and characterization of an electron transport chain in etioplasts, and the structu 
nctional changes of the plastid and its membrane protein complexes during the biogenesis of pho 
a unique biochemical expertise to solve central issues in the biogenesis of photoautotrophy. to 
10561 2 ts of the earth s biosphere, cycling of carbon compounds beneath glaciers and ice sheets is poo 
f carbon compounds beneath glaciers and ice sheets is poorly understood, since these environmen 
15346 2                       biogenic volatile organic compounds by using different approaches: from t 
nic volatile organic compounds by using different approaches: from the observation and the moni 
15436 2        recent warming and variations in atmospheric circulation patterns, particularly the nort 
t warming and variations in atmospheric circulation patterns, particularly the north atlantic o 
11672 3 l zone contributes significantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the la 
n gases, some of which are important in global warming. while a lot of work has been done to me 
important processes in several tropical coastal sediments, and the relative importance of the d 
11794 3 l zone contributes significantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the la 
n gases, some of which are important in global warming. while a lot of work has been done to me 
important processes in several tropical coastal sediments, and the relative importance of the d 
10920 4                       over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u 
+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie 
 the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large 
 uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.  
11710 4                       over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u 
+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie 
 the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large 
 uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.  
11811 4                       over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u 
+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie 
 the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large 
 uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.  
11812 4                       over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u 
+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie 
 the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large 
 uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.  
9904 4                       over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u 
+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie 
 the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large 
 uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.  
9954 4                       over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u 
+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie 
 the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large 
 uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.  
7273 4  such as the amazon, local migration of freshwater fish are essential for maintaining biodivers 
iogeochemical markers non- traditional, high resolution, to trace the movements of fish. our ap 
hods icp- ms - and - mc- icp- ms in the growth rings of scales, including life history of fish  
n the growth rings of scales, including life history of fish  
10398 3 will provide clues to the source of the hot water and hence other potential areas for geotherma 
, which could be contribute to the uk s renewable energy portfolio. analysis of hydrogen and ox 
ify the source of the deep groundwater, chemical analysis will define the geochemical environme 
15206 7 molyticus with pathogenic traits in the marine environment. these data contrast with the low nu 
 the pathogenic strains detected in the marine environment have no relation with the strains ca 
pulations of v. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment of galicia throughout one year. this 
ws us to determine the distribution and population dynamics of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus a 
 v. parahaemolyticus and identifies the environmental factors determining the abundance. in a s 
ulation structure and for inferring the genetic changes promoting the adaptation to new environ 
 strains identified as pathogens in the marine environment could be assessed, allowing for an e 
14853 1 ives, and autoecological studies in its natural habitat. however, and as it has been observed,  
11782 4 eres play a crucial role in any kind of cell division. they form the points at which the cell s 
he cell s machinery attaches to all the genetic material of a cell and organises the equal divi 
 dna into the next generation of cells. laboratory experiments in the 1980s showed that certain 
ations together with a couple of simple laboratory experiments should reveal the causes and con 
182 5  bodies and from ectomycorrhizal of the host plants plays a role in plant-fungus compatibility. 
ntly sequences from root tips where the host plant is determined. we plan to study the populati 
f the dominant taxa of thelephorales in boreal forests. tomentella radiosa and thelephora terre 
data. the factors affecting their fruit body type will be studied. we study population genetics 
nd the means of dispersal in one of the dominant species, tomentella bryophila or t. stuposa. t 
10249 12 e to obtain a missing piece of a global jigsaw puzzle of deep-sea life, thereby advancing our u 
piece of a global jigsaw puzzle of deep-sea life, thereby advancing our understanding of the pa 
hree decades have found hundreds of new animal species, revolutionised ideas about how ecosyste 
s have so far revealed six provinces of animal life at vents, where different species are found 
e than others. the swir is an ultraslow-spreading ridge, where there is less volcanic activity  
ses with its volcanic activity. at fast-spreading ridges, such as in the eastern pacific, vents 
f kilometres apart. on less active slow-spreading ridges, such as the mid-atlantic ridge, vents 
 and the species that live on ultraslow-spreading ridges are largely unknown, despite such ridg 
ding of patterns of biodiversity in the deep ocean. undertaking the first rov dives at a deep-s 
es at a deep-sea vent on this ultraslow-spreading ridge will determine whether its fauna differ 
s a new province of vent biology in the southern hemisphere. the project will also collect samp 
search cruise in the indian ocean, this unique opportunity to extend an existing cruise to visi 
14706 1                                 without fossil record, the geographical history of taxa can onl 
14505 3 pecies. if there are major obstacles to gene flow due to the situation on islands, we expect hi 
 endemic species have a more restricted gene flow than widespread species. to test the hypothes 
y than vascular plants, we will apply a molecular clock in order to estimate the time of separa 
14601 3 pecies. if there are major obstacles to gene flow due to the situation on islands, we expect hi 
 endemic species have a more restricted gene flow than widespread species. to test the hypothes 
y than vascular plants, we will apply a molecular clock in order to estimate the time of separa 
14937 2 orted worldwide due to global trade and climate change. this project will study the biogeograph 
a high impact in the fields of ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation biology. in addit 
11728 1 rial populations, and for environmental/climate change. this research will develop analytical p 
14115 3 roaches. growing disequilibrium between human beings and other species is now increasing becaus 
ogical indication methods in remote and urban areas. 3.to use bioindicational methods in evalua 
ioindicational methods in evaluation of human activities impact on natural communities and for  
15264 3 s and lesions founded are comparable to capture myopathy syndrome in wild terrestrial animals.  
 study is to reveal more aspects of the capture myopathy based on the active stranded animals a 
 animals and their interaction with the human beings. we propose specific targets for our study 
1101 9 p, ranging from biological databases to mathematical models for phylogenetic studies, from the  
, to studies on molecular modeling from protein structure-function studies are coordinated and  
loped products are useful for the whole scientific community. the presence in the group of seve 
analysis packages; - the development of new technologies for database indexing and compression  
 of efficient matrices for globular and membrane protein alignment; with respect to implementat 
of computational methods for microarray data analysis. wp3. comparative genomics: functional an 
me analysis; - evolutionary analysis of mitochondrial genes and genomes for the study of phylog 
 - large scale modeling of globular and membrane proteins, - multidimensional indexing and prot 
operties; - simulation of the classical molecular dynamics of dna-protein complexes; - developm 
12036 2 ario of invasion which applies to three invasive species considered: the invasive bridgehead sc 
se of introduced populations by purging deleterious mutations.  
15074 3   because spain shows one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, the potential impact of i 
late to the newborn weight and to other biological characteristics. late maternities, in additi 
stics. late maternities, in addition to negative effects such as low weight at delivery and pre 
14743 3                                         invasive species can pose a major threat to the biotic  
establishment and eventual expansion of invasive species in aquatic systems are not well unders 
the integration of these factors into a risk assessment protocol for use across spain.  
15120 6 d structure of the communities, and the food web organization. the high environmental variabili 
high environmental variability, such as water level, nutrient or salinity fluctuations, and the 
t also indirectly due to changes in the food web organization. the influence of the environment 
s and could imply a modification of the predation pressure on the aquatic community. the main o 
to analyse the predation effects on the food web functioning in mediterranean water bodies, and 
r without predator presence, as well as field studies in sites with high or low predation densi 
11185 1  responsible for the measurement of the production rates of dimethylsulphoniopropionate analysi 
10129 3 oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and  
rm our analysis of the data we get from field measurements. in our analysis we will statistical 
piration to climatic change and use our laboratory data to provide mechanistic interpretations  
10417 3 oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and  
rm our analysis of the data we get from field measurements. in our analysis we will statistical 
piration to climatic change and use our laboratory data to provide mechanistic interpretations  
11411 3 oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and  
rm our analysis of the data we get from field measurements. in our analysis we will statistical 
piration to climatic change and use our laboratory data to provide mechanistic interpretations  
9891 3 oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and  
rm our analysis of the data we get from field measurements. in our analysis we will statistical 
piration to climatic change and use our laboratory data to provide mechanistic interpretations  
13943 3 al level and the day-to-day practice in local authorities and regional governing bodies. immatu 
ctice in local authorities and regional governing bodies. immature intitutional links beween di 
nvestigare actors in regional and local governing bodies and their experience of implementing b 
14420 6 ificant biological resource and play an important role as a functional component of the river c 
lations, environmental dynamics and the human activities on the structure of the aquatic commun 
d to define the interrelations with the environmental factors as well. recent information about 
nt of the multidisciplinary approach in decision making with a view to support the biodiversity 
er intensive anthropogenic pressure and global climate changes.  
nsive anthropogenic pressure and global climate changes.  
14533 1         in this project, we propose the genetic analysis of two ancient neolithic populations f 
12681 4  process for collating and reporting on climate change induced trends in the abundance and dist 
and in the extent and condition of semi-natural habitats. the project will report focus on spec 
species and habitats most vulnerable to climate change. it will identify, develop and update in 
ntify, develop and update indicators of climate change induced trends which will be available o 
14703 3 ariations can be accentuated because of climate change effects. discharge changes drive biogeoc 
iological processes taking place in the river system, changing their intensity and relevance. i 
and inorganic material which enters the river system in the different hydrologic conditions of  
2550 6 unique ability to use methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as a sole carbon and energy source. met 
nt greenhouse gas, as a sole carbon and energy source. methylacidiphilum kamchatkense, strain k 
1, which my lab isolated from an acidic hot spring in kamchatka, russia, will be used as a mode 
 and proteomics analyses, the effect of environmental factors, such as substrate limitation and 
rait and key process in curbing natural greenhouse gas emissions.  
y process in curbing natural greenhouse gas emissions.  
14702 4 luvial systems and they form the global food web in streams. the trophic structure of fauna, fr 
roinvertebrates, has a relevant role in organic matter processing and in biofilm structure. ben 
ability and their efficiency depends on organic matter inputs and autochthonous primary product 
tted to important fluctuations. dry and flood periods besides changes on light intensity and te 
14558 1 tic helminthofauna, potential diet, and health condition of the studied populations. furthermor 
14421 10 lora and contribute to minimising their negative effects on the native species and ecosystems.  
ms. the following methods will be used: field observation, karyological, molecular, embryologic 
 of ias, past and current distribution, plant communities susceptible for particular ias, chrom 
unities susceptible for particular ias, chromosome numbers, genome size, population genetic str 
lowing results will be achieved: 1. gis-distribution maps of the invasive aliens species. 2. be 
 introduction and spread of the studied invasive species and their impact on the local biodiver 
 relevant to ias tested 7. draft for an early warning system recommended. 8. a book on the inva 
ant to ias tested 7. draft for an early warning system recommended. 8. a book on the invasive a 
 a book on the invasive and potentially invasive species in the bulgarian flora. 9. a web-site  
b-site for the invasive and potentially invasive species in the bulgarian flora. project result 
14965 3  we must also consider the existence of gene flow, that could affect the female and/or male lin 
ty of recovering and analyzing dna from skeletal remains will contribute unvaluable data to val 
lity, will allows to asses the possible gene flow between muslim and peninsular population that 
15280 4 ir functions, roles and distribution in inland waters well established. however, knowledge of t 
gy and population ecology to understand population dynamics and distributions in natural enviro 
e natural frameworks to follow archaeal population dynamics using several molecular and geochem 
nctional information from environmental genomic data and linking these data to process rates dr 
14575 1 rasitoids and, accordingly, an eventual harmful effect in tangerine production.  
13732 2  shorten production cycles and increase food production. however, there is growing concern over 
growing concern over the impact escaped growth hormone transgenic fish may have on the natural  
15026 2 s. this assay will let to establish the life history and the optima conditions molecular experi 
 into the international barcode of live data system. the results obtained while the performance 
14494 10 l to forget that it seems to approach a climate change that could involve an increase of the su 
iculture ones where they are very often dominant species. must point out the interest of the so 
 fauna study in agrarian systems by its important role in soil fertility, development of organi 
 role in soil fertility, development of organic fertilizers, improvement of physical and chemic 
g a clear option of future. taking as a starting point that earthworms activity modifies physic 
ctivity modifies physical, chemical and biological properties of soils, and their activity patt 
 we try to study the infiltration rate, water retention and loss of soil. on the biological pro 
ater retention and loss of soil. on the biological properties the interest will be in the study 
nce in h. elisae will be studied as the reproductive cycle of a. caliginosa and a. rosea at el  
y to investigate the transformations of organic matter during gut transit and their influences  
15564 10                biomarks integrates 8 eu research institutes and 30 eu experts in eukaryotic mic 
yotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biol 
arine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biology, bioinformatics, as well as marine ec 
nd for evaluation of its ecological and economic cost. the biomarks database will become the la 
omarks database will become the largest world community resource on marine unicellular eukaryot 
fusion of its data and new methods to a wide range of stakeholders and for scientific and publi 
 of stakeholders and for scientific and public education. several international research progra 
public education. several international research programs on marine biodiversity, major genetic 
ty, major genetic databases and protist culture collections, governmental and private agencies  
iodiversity of marine eukaryotes, and a public exhibition the coevolution of marine protists an 
11506 1 nergy makes up 77% of the world primary renewable energy mix - or 10% of the total world energy 
11601 6 owledge on how global change, including climate change and human modifications of the earth s s 
ridded biomass information suitable for carbon cycle and earth system models does not exist, no 
urate and frequently updated mapping of forest area, structure and change needed for biodiversi 
 and change needed for biodiversity and forest management investigations. this need is urgent a 
antify the terrestrial component of the carbon cycle and its links to the water cycle, will pro 
f the carbon cycle and its links to the water cycle, will provide information of major importan 
11467 4 t time test the feasibility of applying cutting edge micro-helicopter surveillance technology t 
 research. the surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets in the polar regions support diverse yet poo 
ns from individual holes to the glacier/ice sheet scale. highspy, our knowledge transfer partne 
rial survey system that will enable the high resolution image capture necessary to achieve this 
6917 1 ased on the collection of the hungarian natural history museum budapest and several other large 
14901 2  the mollusc shell is a biocomposite of calcium carbonate crystals embedded in an organic matri 
stribution of crystallites and of their crystallographic axes, from the very first secretions,  
14924 7                                although calcium carbonate polymorphism has been extensively stu 
rite, the less common and more unstable calcium carbonate polymorph. and the same holds true fo 
 vaterite. in previous experiments, our research group has demonstrated the biomineralization a 
n bacterial metabolisms and the physico-chemical changes in the culture medium that ends up in  
and the physico-chemical changes in the culture medium that ends up in vaterite precipitation v 
n versus the precipitation of any other calcium carbonate polymorph. moreover, we intend to stu 
ed to recognize bacterial activity in a wide range of environments, going from pathological con 
10797 3 common in the past in britain. poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors 
nges in the environment. there are also interesting questions about the evolution of tb in the  
europe. our project partners in arizona state university are doing similar work with bones from 
11565 3 common in the past in britain. poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors 
nges in the environment. there are also interesting questions about the evolution of tb in the  
europe. our project partners in arizona state university are doing similar work with bones from 
15087 8                          a quantitative risk assessment based only on exposure and toxicity is  
all exposure routes are integrated when field studies and biomarkers are employed in higher-tie 
ditions are not well known for a lot of animal species. moreover, in the majority of wild bird  
cies. moreover, in the majority of wild bird species, firstly raptor, are scarcely or null. thi 
this knowledge could allow us to detect early warning for to point towards the cause of a speci 
behavioural parameters, clinical signs, population dynamics, etc. long-term studies could not o 
pulation management, protected areas or endangered species must be taken. in the third place, t 
im of this study is to develop in vitro experimental models using the e-screen assay in order t 
7613 4                                         human activities are generating strong organic pollutio 
 generating strong organic pollution to environmental impacts. a significant fraction of these  
ater and sediment particles or the soil organic matter, and liquid / liquid interfaces formed b 
measurements. on the other hand, if the chemical analysis to determine the concentration and co 
12048 1  the relationships of the endemism with environmental factors in different groups of organisms  
14954 1       the final goal of this project of basic research is to know the mechanisms by which micro 
13313 3                                         biodiversity indicators and monitoring frameworks are c 
he recently endorsed set of eu headline biodiversity indicators. a requirement by the eu is to  
ity policies as well as the eu headline biodiversity indicators. this tool will be applied for  
14331 2      owadays, is today established that tropical forests are disappearing or being degraded at  
eforestation. yet, more than just logs, forest ecosystems produce many other services of prime  
15126 1  routinely used as bioindicators, their gut flora may be more susceptible to minor changes in p 
10618 2                           gigantopterid seed plants share important features of leaf morphology 
 climatic significance. this innovative pilot study will assess if angiosperm-based methodologi 
13314 8 t the further development of a european biodiversity research strategy. such research strategy  
o develop and continually revise the eu biodiversity research strategy - including the results  
ing the results of existing and ongoing biodiversity research projects in the development of th 
ts of existing and ongoing biodiversity research projects in the development of the eu biodiver 
h projects in the development of the eu biodiversity research strategy. - linking the eu biodiv 
ity research strategy. - linking the eu biodiversity research strategy to the national, europea 
ncorporating geoss objectives in the eu biodiversity research strategy - linking eu biodiversit 
iversity research strategy - linking eu biodiversity research strategy with international initi 
1083 7 on earth can be reconstructed using the fossil record and, therefore, paleontology has a key-ro 
 processes operating at short- and long-time scales. a high-priority issue in earth science is  
g-time scales. a high-priority issue in earth science is understanding of relationships between 
and global change. present knowledge of evolutionary processes suggests that biodiversity is pr 
xonomic diversity in multimillion years time-slices compared with large scale events such as cl 
 large scale events such as climate and sea level changes. however, this approach gives results 
ces offer an excellent archive to study evolutionary processes and their timing as well as the  
11242 10 global change we need to understand the evolutionary processes that generate it. yet, species d 
hink not - they are in competition with one another and for one species to succeed then it must 
petition: where two species, the medium ground finch and the small ground finch, occur together 
, the medium ground finch and the small ground finch, occur together on the same island they ca 
communities are important as drivers of evolutionary change and in determining which species li 
hanges in diversity through time in the fossil record be attributed to competition my solution  
nderstanding these problems is to build computer models that mimic competitive interactions and 
nteractions and generate predictions of evolutionary change among competing species. this is an 
ictions of how species change over long time-scales and how these changes alter biodiversity. m 
of the same parent species diverge from one another, as is the case for anoles. to prise apart  
10977 11                                         climate change over the last million years has seen rap 
ars has seen rapid fluctuations between ice ages and warmer interglacials . at the height of an 
mer interglacials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower t 
cials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower than it is to 
e possible ramifications of the current global warming trend. the impact of such changes was fe 
s. many island features are linked with sea level - they become larger and closer to the mainla 
 , and we will use this as a marker for evolutionary change. until now, no one has considered t 
tion of dwarf mammals in the context of climate change, because there are few reliable dates to 
o calculate the percentage reduction in body size and weight, and more detailed features of the 
n on many islands what was the speed of evolutionary change did the dwarf species endure for a  
 become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change did the same thing happen repeatedly in  
11166 11                                         climate change over the last million years has seen rap 
ars has seen rapid fluctuations between ice ages and warmer interglacials . at the height of an 
mer interglacials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower t 
cials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower than it is to 
e possible ramifications of the current global warming trend. the impact of such changes was fe 
s. many island features are linked with sea level - they become larger and closer to the mainla 
 , and we will use this as a marker for evolutionary change. until now, no one has considered t 
tion of dwarf mammals in the context of climate change, because there are few reliable dates to 
o calculate the percentage reduction in body size and weight, and more detailed features of the 
n on many islands what was the speed of evolutionary change did the dwarf species endure for a  
 become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change did the same thing happen repeatedly in  
9890 11                                         climate change over the last million years has seen rap 
ars has seen rapid fluctuations between ice ages and warmer interglacials . at the height of an 
mer interglacials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower t 
cials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower than it is to 
e possible ramifications of the current global warming trend. the impact of such changes was fe 
s. many island features are linked with sea level - they become larger and closer to the mainla 
 , and we will use this as a marker for evolutionary change. until now, no one has considered t 
tion of dwarf mammals in the context of climate change, because there are few reliable dates to 
o calculate the percentage reduction in body size and weight, and more detailed features of the 
n on many islands what was the speed of evolutionary change did the dwarf species endure for a  
 become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change did the same thing happen repeatedly in  
2196 1 hould address how the properties of the mussel bed, e.g. patch size, mussel density and meta po 
12017 7 eans, exporting massive amounts of c to deep waters and sediments via shell sinking and ballast 
guably the most continuous and complete fossil record covering the last 220 myr, a unique tool  
 saturation horizons, which may provoke mass extinction of pelagic calcifiers within decades. c 
 basic knowledge of their biodiversity, life cycle, and the function and molecular complexity o 
etation of their ecology, biogeography, fossil record, and prediction of their acclimation and  
ization in coccolithophores. the use of cutting edge, combined morpho-molecular techniques will 
nts and analyses of key events in their fossil record.  
10571 5                                         mass extinctions in the geological record have shaped t 
ld not exist. understanding what causes mass extinctions is therefore one of the most fascinati 
ain a unique perspective on current-day climate change and the issues affecting life on earth.  
ately this project aims to identify two mass extinction events in the boreal realm, and to asce 
te, school outreach activities, and the mass media.  
14594 1 e presence of dissolved microcystins in running waters was recorded, with maximum levels near 4 
12442 1 bottom fisheries. studies on vulnerable marine ecosystems are an important aspect of rfmo compl 
11456 3                 the responses by amazon rain forest to el niño events can switch the region fro 
 but measurements of carbon exchange by rain forest during an el niño do not yet exist. clear p 
e mechanistic basis of the responses by rain forest to el niño.  
10859 3 from land to freshwaters. their role in active transport of energy resources will be investigat 
ters. their role in active transport of energy resources will be investigated in a small river  
reshwater taxon will be determined. gut content analysis will enable us to determine the extent 
11035 3 tential response to new environments. a first step is to assess these processes within species. 
rocesses determine adaptive divergence: gene flow whether there are fundamental differences bet 
ifferences between protist and metazoan evolutionary processes.  
6971 3 lts in developing hungarian products. a new form of utilisation has now been conceived for the  
ese genes to be incorporated into local breeding stock at a high technological standard, withou 
gering the environment. in this way new inbred lines could be developed in far less time than u 
6919 2 vs to fusarium head blight mean serious food safety risk. therefore the breeding of more resist 
 fusarium head blight mean serious food safety risk. therefore the breeding of more resistant c 
6829 1 on 3. writing up and publication of the research data 4. study of variety-environment interacti 
6728 5 y periods enhance the damages caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi and f. solani in the cul 
isi and f. solani in the cultivation of green peas. the pea varieties cultivated in hungary hav 
 in drought the water use efficiency of green peas is more emphasised and it affects the nutrit 
gan the breeding program to improve new green pea varieties utilised for fresh markets. it has  
ipening f4 progenies with resistance to plant diseases. our research purpose to produce early r 
6927 3 arley having more complex resistance to leaf spot- and virus diseases, to extreme winter climat 
ogram, resistance to the most important leaf spot diseases and spatial diversification of leaf  
diseases and spatial diversification of leaf spot disease dominancy will be evaluated. the majo 
12032 5  diversity of plants in the tropics the ecological niche theory predicts that in a local commun 
is second theory, limited dispersal and population fluctuations are sufficient to explain the c 
e project the data needed to test these alternative hypotheses on the mechanisms of species coe 
d to invest on an exceptional effort of data collection in several study sites in the rainfores 
f this study was also to bring together research efforts on plant biodiversity in french guiana 
14899 1                                 several selective pressures can account for patterns of sexual  
11738 3 m in the study of speciation: field and laboratory experiments take place over the limited span 
ation: field and laboratory experiments take place over the limited spans of human timescales,  
test the hypothesis that speciation and evolutionary change were driven by shifts in feeding an 
13572 2 doc in surface waters, is a large-scale environmental problem, probably caused by climate chang 
vironmental problem, probably caused by climate change. we will analyze the magnitude, time cou 
14117 5  of semi-natural communities by humans. climate warming also causes changes in distribution are 
 part of bryoflora consists of rare and endangered species. their reaction to climate change an 
d endangered species. their reaction to climate change and management may be much different fro 
s flagship species to certain groups of endangered species. if the reason for their vulnerabili 
ra and high percent of natural and semi-natural habitats enables to use bryoflora of estonia as 
6909 3 dead logs were surveyed in near-natural beech woods between 2000 and 2002. during this project  
nd publish the results in international scientific journals. the main questions and tasks of th 
od systems. in 2004 we plan preliminary field trips and the selection of sites for investigatio 
14731 1 nd of novelties , as well as scientific staff training continue to be a project goals. on the o 
15430 15                                         global climate change is a fact acknowledged by the sci 
                                 global climate change is a fact acknowledged by the scientific 
te change is a fact acknowledged by the scientific community. the speed of this change imposes  
peed of this change imposes an enormous selective pressure for all species. mountain systems ar 
ain systems are especially sensitive to climate change since climatic conditions drastically ch 
 can be very useful as bioindicators of climate change: because of their poikilohiydric conditi 
 substrate make them more vulnerable to climate change, in addition, they have rapid responses  
nd they are fast-growing organisms. for genetic studies, bryophytes have two important advantag 
 included in this proposal, can perform homologous recombination of dna using an artificial vec 
ing the responses of these organisms to climate change is of vital importance. nevertheless, th 
 frequently due to lack of data such as distribution maps. bearing in mind the threat of global 
ion maps. bearing in mind the threat of global climate change to the biodiversity of the planet 
s. bearing in mind the threat of global climate change to the biodiversity of the planet, we pr 
t will benefit from the availability of genomic data of the species ceratodon purpureus, a mode 
us, a model system in genetics. several genetic markers will be used: dna sequences, aflp, srap 
12417 3 tion of fulmar corpses washed up on the tide line of the orkneys, shetland and eastern england  
igating the presence of plastics in the marine environment. the contractor will produce an annu 
ronment. the contractor will produce an annual report on the data collected and make recommenda 
11064 13 el has been successfully applied by the research team to a wide range of european intertidal an 
fully applied by the research team to a wide range of european intertidal and coastal sites, an 
how environmental change influences the wading bird and wildfowl populations that feed in these 
shellfish industry, while ensuring that bird populations that also consume shellfish are not ad 
he most effective way of mitigating the negative effects of this habitat loss through habitat c 
schemes. the model has been used in the marine environment to predict the relative impact of of 
of offshore windfarms on populations of diving ducks, and identify the developments that have t 
used by specialist modellers within the scientific community. this is unsatisfactory, as this t 
 to ensure the survival of co-dependent bird populations, and could do this in-house with a sui 
 ecological impacts of alternative port construction sites, or by conservation agencies to asse 
ide such a user-friendly and accessible software tool. the new model will reduce the complexiti 
stal birds, collaboratively between the research team and project partners from a range of cons 
nge on coastal birds, and with whom the research team have worked successfully in the past. the 
10675 1 ns in archaeological contexts relies on indirect evidence. studies of modern and fossil resins  
15221 4 ct pollinators that play a particularly important role in cold areas and mountains. bees and bu 
known, even though these insects play a key role in plant reproduction and therefore in the fuc 
ticularly due to two of its components: climate change and shifts in the uses of the land, whic 
pecialization are more sensitive to the negative effects of global change. this proposal is bas 
10643 7                                  modern marine ecosystems were established during the early pal 
ovelty. unfortunately, the conventional fossil record represents only a fraction of ancient div 
adiations. by integrating this enhanced fossil record with the principles of biological oceanog 
ed fossil record with the principles of biological oceanography and macroecology, this study wi 
unique, evolutionary view of how modern marine ecosystems function. this study will focus on th 
aterials are housed in state-of-the-art storage facilities in calgary, alberta and regina, sask 
ta and regina, saskatchewan and offer a unique opportunity to sample systematically through the 
6916 2 ly excavated in the bükkábrány open-pit coal mine in hungary. fifteen baldcypress trees up to 3 
 museums for conservation. the proposed scientific study involves taxonomic determination of tr 
14294 2 n marine resources urges the need for a decision making framework to objectively allocate the d 
different user functions at the belgian continental shelf  
12419 1 ures facing the coast from development, climate change, and competition for space between marit 
12059 2            there is little dispute that global climates are changing, and that this change alre 
e conservation and the efficient use of natural resources, helping to reconcile human needs, ec 
14764 4 an shrublands and forests. - effects of climate change in plant ecophysiology and the structure 
e mediterranean vegetation - studies of molecular biology applied to the study of ecosystems st 
e on the ecosystems - biogenic volatile organic compounds - chemical ecology of plant-plant and 
pic signals and environmental changes. -remote sensing and optical diagnosis of plants and ecos 
15290 4 e is generally reduced hedgerows play a key role to the functioning of the agroecosystems as it 
asslands growing unconnectedly from the arable lands. on the other hand, there is a scale facto 
s in hedgerows can be determined by the organic matter quality associated to the vegetation typ 
 be monitored for two years in the soil plant systems of crop edges and hedgerows. finally, we  
9865 4 ,000 years ago, and of industrial scale food production, starting about 100 years ago. milk and 
ple and areas where it was developed in prehistoric times , as this also can tell us about the  
so can tell us about the influences for human population growth. an exciting prospect is that i 
 tell us about the influences for human population growth. an exciting prospect is that it migh 
11116 2                                         climate change is a cause for concern in the 21st centu 
t climate in periods where there are no written records, and provide a long-term history of env 
1093 7                   the hypothesis of the molecular clock in evolutionary biology, asserts that i 
he hypothesis of the molecular clock in evolutionary biology, asserts that informational macrom 
d considerable variation in the rate of molecular evolution among lineages. many factors have b 
ate variation, such as population size, metabolic rate, generation time, and dna repair efficie 
uch as population size, metabolic rate, generation time, and dna repair efficiency heterogeneit 
use cave organisms as a tool to address molecular clock issues because they may form simplified 
ill allow to compare rates and modes of molecular evolution of the same gene in different organ 
11244 2                                 as more people today become concerned about global warming and  
ore people today become concerned about global warming and the effect that humans are having on 
11321 2                                 as more people today become concerned about global warming and  
ore people today become concerned about global warming and the effect that humans are having on 
10569 2 oid others are fundamental questions in evolutionary biology. however, they commonly make mate- 
ation is that animals are responding to sensory information to which humans are not receptive,  
1970 3 isms can bias the paths followed during evolutionary change in morphology. the different eyespo 
l developmental homologues. patterns of gene expression . the pattern of change in response to  
we will not only examine potentials for evolutionary change in different directions, but also t 
7025 6                 river ecosystems play a key role in the transport and transformation of carbon  
terial is being transported downstream, organic matter is produced and degraded. this matter ca 
 this matter carries the fingerprint of human activities along its entire course. microbial com 
. the processes related to nitrogen and organic matter cycling are basically controlled by the  
d the n 2 /n 2 0 ratio. h2: the mode of organic carbon supply to retention areas controls denit 
nt cycling processes to restoration and rehabilitation measures because they have shaped the cu 
1963 3 lying this hypothesis: the existence of genetic variation with a simple mode of inheritance for 
erbivorous mites in a given genotype of tomato plants. this is done by artificial selection of  
otype of tomato plants. this is done by artificial selection of isofemale lines of herbivorous  
13710 2 ct builds on a comparison with a unique reference material collected 10-30 years ago, encompass 
s; critical parameters examined include food supply for breeders, egg size, start of breeding,  
11102 2 n, the ability of species to respond to climate change and the spread of non-native species. ho 
l mammals show metapopulation dynamics, plant ecologists are divided about the utility of the c 
10632 5                                         adaptive radiation is an important evolutionary process 
     adaptive radiation is an important evolutionary process that may be responsible for most o 
differentiation during the course of an adaptive radiation. freshwater populations of three-spi 
ickleback are an outstanding example of adaptive radiation. these marine fish invaded freshwate 
 fish invaded freshwater after the last ice age. freshwater populations differ in their ages .  
11670 4 . we aim to reduce these uncertainties. radiocarbon dating most lake sediments is problematic d 
hod which gets round this problem is to radiocarbon date chironomid the likely value of chirono 
hironomid dating against other forms of radiocarbon dating for lake sediments. it is hypothesis 
pproach to deriving chronologies from a wide range of sedimentary archives, many of which are a 
13777 6                          the impacts of climate change on species and ecosystems are already ev 
icant irrespective of which of the ipcc climate change scenarios that comes true. thus, strateg 
te are needed, but methods are lacking. ecological restoration can be a primary strategy to inc 
 resilience of ecosystems threatened by climate change. this project tests whether ecological r 
mate change. this project tests whether ecological restoration of riparian zones along streams  
ive way to increase their resilience to climate change effects. as more of precipitation falls  
10045 22                 we regularly hear about tropical forests in the media. documentary programmes r 
: how economic pressures and population expansion drives their clearance by small-scale farmers 
 agribusinesses convert vast areas into oil palm plantations or soy bean production, and how pr 
ssures to extract minerals and oil from tropical forest regions is increasing as the price of t 
y, it also adds to the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and hence increases  
osphere and hence increases the rate of climate change: deforestation of tropical forests contr 
ate of climate change: deforestation of tropical forests contributes 25% of all carbon dioxide  
tropical forests contributes 25% of all carbon dioxide emissions by humans. many attempts have  
 many attempts have been made to derive economic benefits from tropical forests. however, recen 
n made to derive economic benefits from tropical forests. however, recently a new system has em 
ke biodiversity and carbon storage that tropical forests provide, it is possible to obtain mone 
ty that is widespread and acute in many tropical forest regions and is an important cause of de 
able to sell the resulting reduction in carbon dioxide emissions on international carbon market 
international carbon markets or through bilateral agreements. this idea is being promoted as a  
ent to succeed the kyoto protocol - the international treaty designed to reduce greenhouse gas  
international treaty designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - as well as in voluntary mark 
al treaty designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - as well as in voluntary markets. govern 
ly help to preserve other attributes of tropical forests, such as biodiversity. it is this broa 
, the possibility to reduce the rate of tropical deforestation, conserve carbon stocks and biod 
te is the subject of a vigorous debate. important issues surround how to measure and monitor th 
d place for this kind of project as the rain forests are some of the most diverse in the world  
 face increasing pressure from logging, oil exploration and from rising levels of access due to 
15422 5                    the proliferation of invasive species is, together with habitat destruction, 
 the main cause of biodiversity loss in marine ecosystems. alien species are considered invasiv 
 small peracaridean crustaceans with an important role in marine ecosystems . furthermore, we w 
n crustaceans with an important role in marine ecosystems . furthermore, we will work with the  
ms . furthermore, we will work with the life stories of the species under laboratory condiction 
11162 4         commitment to the management of coastal ecosystems through addressing both ecological a 
of documents, draft text and ideas, and team members will be encouraged to enable inter-discipl 
 inter-disciplinary sharing so that the research project is fully integrated rather than a set  
e draft documents together into a clear research proposal, meet with potential research users t 
7251 5  simulate the flow and carbon stocks in forest ecosystems at different scales. indeed, forests  
 an essential component of the earth 's carbon cycle by their surfaces and their life time whic 
do not take into account the effects of forest management, although they are important to our l 
n of a forestry management module to an age class; * use of the module for simulations by age c 
 * use of the module for simulations by age classes; * validation of the model at different sca 
10086 2 rates and nature of degradation of this organic material by microbial metabolic activity, and c 
zymes activity and changes in molecular microbial diversity. tidal mesocosm, sediment slurry an 
13605 7 using natural and engineered cellulosic raw materials from forest trees, crops or bacterial cul 
w materials from forest trees, crops or bacterial cultures for the design of new nanocomposites 
ibrillated cellulose from wood or plant cell walls represent key nano-scale components for rein 
tapping into the detailed mechanisms of cell wall biosynthesis, nanostructure and mechanical fu 
t they are sustainable throughout their entire life cycle, from bioproduction in nature, biopro 
are sustainable throughout their entire life cycle, from bioproduction in nature, bioprocessing 
gradation for disposal. the transfer of new technologies and knowledge from carbomat to industr 
14612 5 e response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and to understand their role in the glob 
 to understand their role in the global carbon cycle. two major aspects of climate change are t 
obal carbon cycle. two major aspects of climate change are the increase in mean global temperat 
. one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change is the mediterranean basin. several mode 
ables that control them under different climate change scenarios. at the same time, we will exp 
10939 1 nterval and assess different models for mass extinction at this time.  
11297 2           a significant fraction of the organic material produced or imported to our coastal se 
eochemical and biological conditions of marine ecosystems and can be readily measured. ultimate 
201 9                           combustion of fossil fuels is caused elevation of co2 concentration i 
ation in the atmosphere, which leads to global climate warming. it is very important, globally  
n the atmosphere, which leads to global climate warming. it is very important, globally and reg 
n the concentration atmospheric co2 and climate changes, more attention should be paid both to  
roposed project are: to model growth of silver birch stands growing at fertile sites. earlier i 
arlier investigations showed that young silver birch stands may have higher productivity than i 
ose is to find out the bulk maturity of silver birch stands growing at fertile site proceeding  
 new data about the growth and yield of silver birch stands are of essential practical importan 
 and planning of forests are based on a computer system, by using different growth models, the  
7663 3 d quantitative evolution of turnover of organic matter with depth - step 3 2010-2011 samples an 
orial a publication on the influence of land use on the turnover of organic matter  
nfluence of land use on the turnover of organic matter  
10243 2 iodiversity field site from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organ 
xide, through the soil fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the intro 
11005 2 iodiversity field site from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organ 
xide, through the soil fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the intro 
11216 2 iodiversity field site from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organ 
xide, through the soil fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the intro 
14118 13         changes in climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and disturbance regimes ha 
een occurring for decades in the global boreal forest. disturbances are an important factor inf 
in it. it is expected, that with future climate change the frequencies, intensities and severit 
e most important natural disturbance in boreal forest. forest fires and the recovery from there 
t natural disturbance in boreal forest. forest fires and the recovery from there are important  
of soil carbon and nitrogen pools after forest fires. the topic is very timely since deeper und 
 gaps of understanding on the ecosystem carbon cycle in the changing climate. soil is the large 
g climate. soil is the largest stock of organic carbon, but the related processes changing soil 
but the related processes changing soil organic matter quality and its pool distribution are st 
to below-ground processes such as: soil organic matter decomposition, turnover of carbon compou 
ganic matter decomposition, turnover of carbon compounds of different chemical fractions, soil  
tion results will be compared to actual field measurements. with help of field measurements dat 
actual field measurements. with help of field measurements data the model will be improved.  
2124 7 herbivory and seed predation affect the population dynamics of plant species, their distributio 
small and large spatial scales, and the plant community species composition and diversity. posi 
y little attention with regard to plant population dynamics and absolutely no empirical attenti 
y no empirical attention with regard to plant community composition and diversity. this lack of 
conceivably play a fundamental role for plant community composition and diversity through their 
ant species, and their frequency within plant communities, varies spatially with the functional 
 communities, varies spatially with the functional composition of the pollinator assemblage. a  
10891 4 f species extinction has led to a large research effort in recent years to determine how ecosys 
or species number propagate through the food chain to affect herbivore, plant and soil microbe  
distribution of herbivores on different host plants, affects the propagation of effects through 
 the propagation of effects through the food web. the experiment will reveal novel information  
12710 6 aims of this project are: •to produce a case study that demonstrates the application of theoret 
e application of theoretical models and climate change adaptation principles in the landscape a 
al experience. •to provide guidance for policy makers, planners and land managers to help them  
at will enable biodiversity to adapt to climate change. •to provide a short best practice guida 
nce and short policy guidance note. the case study will form the final report, but key elements 
e study will form the final report, but key elements must be drawn out to produce a short docum 
12723 6 aims of this project are: •to produce a case study that demonstrates the application of theoret 
e application of theoretical models and climate change adaptation principles in the landscape a 
al experience. •to provide guidance for policy makers, planners and land managers to help them  
at will enable biodiversity to adapt to climate change. •to provide a short best practice guida 
nce and short policy guidance note. the case study will form the final report, but key elements 
e study will form the final report, but key elements must be drawn out to produce a short docum 
12481 3                                         natural resource protection is one of five strategic pr 
ished in december 2004. the sustainable development strategy published in march 2005 also ident 
published in march 2005 also identified natural resource protection and environmental enhanceme 
12480 15                          ecosystems are natural resources that provide people with many essenti 
resources that provide people with many essential goods and services, including for example, ai 
ices, including for example, air, food, drinking water, landscape, recreation space. the concep 
 ecosystem assessment, supported by the global environment facility and the united nations envi 
m services provided within a particular case study area undergoing extensive urban regeneration 
st they can be evaluated within current land use planning and decision-making frameworks. the c 
ing and decision-making frameworks. the case study area selected is kent thameside, a key devel 
 area selected is kent thameside, a key development area of the thames gateway growth area with 
 development area of the thames gateway growth area within the governments sustainable communit 
ater resource availability, flood risk, air quality, transport and biodiversity. however, there 
field and use of a specialist modelling software tool called stella, which provides a means of  
parameters, supported also with spatial data analysis provided by gis. the case study, therefor 
tial data analysis provided by gis. the case study, therefore, will enable the exploration of d 
ssex and medway, but also for other key growth areas under the governments sustainable communit 
ept of ecosystem services into existing land use planning frameworks, for example through local 
11744 1 amount of novel data and a powerful new research tool.  
2154 5 ed on the dramatic decline in the sugar kelp forest along the coast of southern norway. the sug 
oast. surveys have found that the sugar kelp forests have disappeared from large areas of the s 
 re-growth and restoration of the sugar kelp forests in order to support coastal zone managemen 
ical actions to help restoration of the kelp forest. the objectives will be achieved by experim 
est. the objectives will be achieved by experimental studies of recruitment, growth and competi 
14928 7                                         human activity is causing the displacement of many spec 
them become invasive in the new region. invasive species may monopolize local resources and out 
plain the high propagation potential of invasive species, while less attention has been paid to 
 ability of successful establishment of exotic species in new regions. regarding the vulnerabil 
ity. 3 successful invaders show shorter life cycles than native plants, and therefore a higher  
s will be tested on a list of 100 alien invasive species of the iberian peninsula, while the re 
of potential invasive plants, to assess environmental impacts of plant invasions, and will prov 
2538 6  of selection in natural populations of house sparrows by analysing stochastic processes acting 
ing at both ecological and evolutionary time scales using a novel theoretical framework. such a 
strength of fluctuating selection in 18 island populations of house sparrows. two alternative h 
g selection in 18 island populations of house sparrows. two alternative hypothesis are likley f 
land populations of house sparrows. two alternative hypothesis are likley for such a relationsh 
ctuating environments to ecological and evolutionary processes has been to account for fluctuat 
10687 16  to periods when there was little or no polar ice on the planet. extreme as these different con 
thering of continental rocks, burial of organic carbon, and changes in the flora of the oceans  
ns or hundreds of years, and that these high temperatures lasted for thousands or hundreds of t 
rms, these episodes lasted a relatively short time, and they were entirely unlike the more grad 
many of these sudden episodes of severe global warming coincided with so-called mass extinction 
global warming coincided with so-called mass extinctions when very large numbers of plant and a 
ns when very large numbers of plant and animal species suddenly died out. equally, there have b 
r study is a critical episode of sudden global cooling that occurred some 14 million years ago  
sulted in major growth of the antarctic ice sheet. this episode is one of the 4 major steps in  
ice sheet. this episode is one of the 4 major steps in the gradual cooling of earth s surface t 
 second, we want to use this example of global cooling to examine how other aspects of the eart 
tions. we can thus use the chemistry of marine sediments as proxies for seawater temperature, c 
st in california contains an excellent, high resolution record of changes in seawater chemistry 
 we have already completed a successful pilot study that has established an outline geochemistr 
uccession through the use of a built-in astronomical clock , so we can readily locate our posit 
 of how to deal with current and future environmental issues.  
10356 3 predicting the evolutionary dynamics of genetic load, which affects fitness, behaviour and demo 
nbreeding depression for purging of the genetic load, and possible evolutionary changes in sex  
rging of the genetic load, and possible evolutionary changes in sex ratio, will be explored bot 
14792 12                      seed size is a key life history trait in plants. until recently, this trai 
ly constant within species, as the main selective pressure influencing seed size should be the  
ure influencing seed size should be the competitive advantage of seedlings coming from large se 
e seeds, constrained by the size-number trade-off of seed crops. nevertheless, species like the 
d crops. nevertheless, species like the holm oak quercus ilex show a huge variability in seed s 
on cycle that would produce conflicting selective pressures on seed size, seed crop size, or bo 
heses are that a the integration of the selective pressures on seed size occurring along the wh 
g along the whole regeneration cycle of holm oaks will produce different optimal seed sizes tha 
eed size obtained after integrating all selective pressures will vary in space and in time. und 
 on climatic factors and/or patterns of land use of holm oak woodlands, results obtained would  
 factors and/or patterns of land use of holm oak woodlands, results obtained would allow to ana 
e, either climatic or due to changes in land use.  
2085 6  fecundity are central processes in the population dynamics of ungulates in northern environmen 
in particular the individuals' previous life histories and their present age. the interface bet 
antities of relevant information on the subject matter. longitudinal data from selected herds f 
al variability and variation individual life history influence the growth rate and production o 
n individual life history influence the growth rate and production of herds, and thus the optim 
 optimal harv esting strategies for the reindeer herders  
10731 15                                for many animal species, bigger is better. larger body size redu 
nimal species, bigger is better. larger body size reduces the risk of being consumed by predato 
te these apparent benefits of increased body size, mounting evidence suggests that most organis 
derlying mechanism responsible for this trade-off between compensatory growth and impaired swim 
tood. there is also nothing known about individual variation in the compensatory growth respons 
ood availability due to factors such as climate change. the proposed research will examine musc 
into the mechanisms responsible for the trade-off between growth rate and swim performance. add 
s responsible for the trade-off between growth rate and swim performance. additional laboratory 
h rate and swim performance. additional laboratory studies will be performed to examine the inf 
e the influence of predator presence on individual variation in the growth response, and also t 
s of compensatory growth for individual risk-taking behaviour and reproductive success. finally 
ical studies utilizing individual-based mathematical models will compliment these laboratory ex 
thematical models will compliment these laboratory experiments by incorporating empirically-der 
tigate the implications of variation in growth rate for individual fitness. overall, this inter 
fish, and also the consequences of this trade-off for behavioural and evolutionary ecology.  
14819 6                 soil degradation due to human activity affects the quality of the terrestrial e 
he possible relations among the loss of organic material, the pollution caused by heavy metals  
avy metals and pesticides, and the soil biological activity. the kind of soil can be the primar 
s needed an appropriate handling of the organic material, to introduce energy that could mainta 
 diversity loss. on the other hand, the heavy metal accumulation or the pest-control substance  
ent sorts of degradation. the effect of organic material loss in soilsystems degraded either by 
10236 3 nd climate of sundaland during the last ice age, with no information available at all for malay 
rove our understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital in 
r understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital informati 
9812 3 nd climate of sundaland during the last ice age, with no information available at all for malay 
rove our understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital in 
r understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital informati 
7671 2 l new suitable habitat may develop with climate change. the models output will play a central r 
e change. the models output will play a central role in formulating recommendations for the con 
12383 5 e programme throughout the year. r&d rv capital costs of £329k are paid under the non r&d budge 
remain unchanged from fy 04/05 + the rv fixed costs of 48 days @ £10k per day = £480k = a total 
 = a total of £809k. this is the agreed budget figure for mwd. in fy05/06, from the £480k, £90k 
 rv ringfenced charge therefore = £329k capital charge + = £719k for fy05/06, the r&d programme 
e is required to contribute £390k of rv fixed costs which at £10k per day equates to an equival 
10370 3 t protists can select food based on the cell surface properties of their prey. however, the und 
periments will then be conducted within coastal waters in order to assess the extent to which c 
 in order to assess the extent to which cell recognition by grazing protists affects the struct 
13853 6 al centres on the mechanistic basis for fungal diseases of forest trees. to do this we focus on 
orest trees. to do this we focus on the root rot fungus heterobasidion annosum, a major pathoge 
es, and its interactions with its hosts norway spruce and scots pine. the overall aim is to und 
the outcome of interactions between the root rot pathogen and conifers with the ultimate goal o 
tion of interesting genes from both the host plant and the fungal pathogen. conduct bioinformat 
 genes from both the host plant and the fungal pathogen. conduct bioinformatics- maintenance an 
13749 6  microbial communities for recalcitrant organic matter formation and nutrient turnover in soils 
en proposed as a mean to sequester c in forest ecosystems. however, on a longer term increased  
 a c sink. we will use a combination of different approaches – from detailed mechanistic experi 
etwork of sites in northern europe. our research programme is essential in order to improve c c 
 will be established to accomplish this interdisciplinary research program.  
ed to accomplish this interdisciplinary research program.  
13848 6  study. our results obtained by stomach content analysis of fish as well as by using stable iso 
 stable isotope analysis of the pelagic food web suggest that trophic position of herring in th 
stantially after the invasion. with the central role of this species in the pelagic food web, t 
ral role of this species in the pelagic food web, this implies that the invasion by cercopagis  
by cercopagis has resulted in a general food web change. to provide essential information for r 
e. to provide essential information for risk assessment of the invasion, further studies will e 
15267 5                                         deep waters cover 95% of the canary islands marine ecos 
 waters cover 95% of the canary islands marine ecosystem. however, little is known about the bi 
are considered indicator species in the marine ecosystem due to their position as top-predators 
dators in the trhophic net and to their life history. the occidental canary islands are home to 
iving cetacean: blainvilles and cuviers beaked whales in order to gather information to asess t 
12309 3 ed threats from diseases as a result of climate change, which will bring milder, wetter winters 
mphasised the importance of arable crop disease control for climate change mitigation .  
ance of arable crop disease control for climate change mitigation .  
10788 4 ry for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital that the biological cha 
xhibit restricted species diversity and food chain complexity, with environmental warming which 
ble to microbes and plants, and whether global warming will alter the nitrogen dynamics of anta 
k directly underpins policy relating to climate change and biodiversity in polar regions. the w 
10804 4 ry for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital that the biological cha 
xhibit restricted species diversity and food chain complexity, with environmental warming which 
ble to microbes and plants, and whether global warming will alter the nitrogen dynamics of anta 
k directly underpins policy relating to climate change and biodiversity in polar regions. the w 
12014 5 ntal modifications such as those due to climate change could then be altered. changes in the co 
proach of three contrasted systems: the continental shelf of the bay of biscay, the coastal upw 
stal upwelling area off morocco and the continental shelf off french guyana. results despite co 
trasted mean temperature regimes, a 1°c sea surface warming was observed during the last two de 
ing ecosystem effects of fishing and of climate change, the studied fisheries were able to part 
1947 1 fic and oligotrofic soils is one of the key issues of the ecological main structure and their m 
440 5 phic and specific scale, we developed a data base, plantraits, with which it is possible to lin 
ject, we entered 19 725 censuses in the data base; those censuses concern at least one of the 6 
owed us to investigate in various known trade-offs and relationships, and to identify potential 
clude plantraits in a global network of data bases, including worldwide bases of climate and so 
eco-informatics, which will represent a corner stone in the understanding of relationships betw 
14883 1 hanges in resilience of a mediterranean freshwater marsh is tackled too.  
11294 1 d experiment at the moor house national nature reserve, northern england, with various grazing  
11305 1 d experiment at the moor house national nature reserve, northern england, with various grazing  
14949 1 ic models for the next decades, have on plant communities and soil. the short period of time si 
7150 5              millet and sorghum are the staple food and main energy food source for populations 
hum are the staple food and main energy food source for populations of sahelian countries like  
e results of a detailed analysis of the genetic diversity of millet grown in a limited area of  
t and sorghum in relation to changes in environmental factors relating to varieties, the croppi 
ties, the cropping systems, climate and soil conditions and demographic, entries conducted to d 
14175 3 opalaeontology and biostratigraphy play vital roles for deciphering the stratigraphic record. k 
ones formed in conditions of relatively high sea level. still, we assume that sedimentation in  
formed in conditions of relatively high sea level. still, we assume that sedimentation in the b 
6945 2                                     our research group gathered in order to study the karstolog 
 the natural karst environments and the human activity affected habitats. examining the abundan 
10499 3  focussing on genome reorganization and gene expression, and 2 the allopolyploid origin of s. c 
is, focussing on genome reorganization, gene expression and phenotypic evolution, we will compa 
nges in genome structure and changes in gene expression.  
10699 3  focussing on genome reorganization and gene expression, and 2 the allopolyploid origin of s. c 
is, focussing on genome reorganization, gene expression and phenotypic evolution, we will compa 
nges in genome structure and changes in gene expression.  
7156 3  explain their differential response to environmental factors. to relate the presence of a spec 
climates of regions on the evolution of plant communities and provide in significant data colle 
 communities and provide in significant data collection. this database is intended to enrich th 
11062 5               the availability and high nutritional value of marine resources means that they s 
at . evidence from isotopic analyses of human remains suggests that coastal and island mesolith 
cal timescales. we have also shown that amino acids surviving in pottery can offer further insi 
s into the commodities processed in the pottery vessels. this project will further investigate  
to track prehistoric patterns of marine food consumption, beginning with the early neolithic. p 
10349 3                  the dynamics of mature tropical forests have changed in the late 20th century  
vely and quantitatively, the network of tropical forest plots, integrate it with soil and clima 
f changing dynamics on biodiversity and climate change  
11786 3                  the dynamics of mature tropical forests have changed in the late 20th century  
vely and quantitatively, the network of tropical forest plots, integrate it with soil and clima 
f changing dynamics on biodiversity and climate change.  
6832 4                                     the research project is based on a hypotheses published by  
 based on a hypotheses published by the principal investigator in 2001. the hypotheses propose  
correcting the folding damage caused by amino acid changes. this maintenance of the cellular ph 
hsp90 chaperone at its novel nucleotide binding site discovered in our laboratory.  
13393 3 eties were collected and sent to aegean agricultural research institute national gene bank for  
llected and sent to aegean agricultural research institute national gene bank for protection.mo 
gricultural research institute national gene bank for protection.morphological, phenological, p 
11463 1                      most environmental microbial diversity, particularly archaeal diversity, i 
11802 1                      most environmental microbial diversity, particularly archaeal diversity, i 
11013 1 atures, and thus may play an especially important role in modestly supercooled clouds  
11461 2 to investigate the identity and role of signal molecules involved in cross-species communicatio 
n grown in bioflims, a marine strain of bacillus licheniformis produces compounds that can elic 
9937 2 to investigate the identity and role of signal molecules involved in cross-species communicatio 
n grown in bioflims, a marine strain of bacillus licheniformis produces compounds that can elic 
12514 12 follows on from a recommendation by the advisory committee on organic standards , horticulture, 
ganic standards , horticulture, arable, food processing and manufacturing, distribution and ret 
. this will identiy topics for targeted case studies to determine the reasons for success or fa 
the aim will be to identify why certain business opportunities have been successful and why oth 
s production capability, processing and manufacturing capacity, distribution, consumption, the  
apacity, distribution, consumption, the retail market and access to organic food. in addition,  
mption, the retail market and access to organic food. in addition, the response of different so 
esponse of different socio-economic and ethnic groups to organic food will be considered, and r 
ent socio-economic and ethnic groups to organic food will be considered, and regional variation 
of the organic market into urban versus rural areas will be investigated. a project web page wi 
l areas will be investigated. a project web page will be used to post documents containing the  
aining the results of work packages and case studies and to provide links to information collec 
11476 9                                         methyl bromide is an ozone-depleting atmospheric gas th 
at is both produced and consumed in the marine environment. we have recently isolated a number  
 novel mebr-degrading bacteria from the marine environment. these bacteria grow on mebr and rel 
d compounds such as methyl chloride and preliminary investigations suggest that the initial ste 
iminary investigations suggest that the initial step in degradation of mebr occurs via novel me 
ties of these enzymes with respect to a wide range of halogenated compounds in order to assess  
ological techniques to characterise the initial steps in mebr degradation pathways. methyltrans 
mebr utilisers will be assessed using a wide range of halogenated substrates in oxygen electrod 
ated substrates in oxygen electrode and gas chromatography experiments. if time permits, we wil 
10743 1 be made of organic n in the aerosol and gas phase, to determine the precursors of don in rain.  
11755 1 be made of organic n in the aerosol and gas phase, to determine the precursors of don in rain.  
9974 1 be made of organic n in the aerosol and gas phase, to determine the precursors of don in rain.  
12185 4 entified compaction in grasslands as an important issue that may threaten the achievement of ag 
. the findings will be summarised in an interim report on the national grassland characterisati 
 underpin the production of a technical advice note on soil compaction and loosening and the es 
ning and the establishment of grassland plant communities. in addition, results will be communi 
11625 2  easily be applied over several scales. remote sensing data has tackled these scaling issues wi 
tra and to develop the applicability of remote sensing data for wind erosion models.  
13465 9  maintaining levels of biodiversity and agricultural production through its role in plant polli 
luding pathogens, biological invasions, climate change and pollution. honeybees, and the plants 
decline, incurring major ecological and economic costs. honeybees are grouped into a number of  
d eurasia around one million years ago. natural selection resulted in each of these subspecies  
t of colonies by humans has resulted in artificial selection for desirable traits. our goal is  
leness. to achieve this, we will survey genetic variation across the entire genome in populatio 
 then scan these fine-scale patterns of genetic variation for the characteristic footprints of  
s of selective sweeps. knowledge of the genetic variation underlying adaptive traits could be c 
e role of positive selection in shaping genetic variation. finally, this study should identify  
13359 3 s to be grown very variable climate and soil conditions are required both rehabilitation of pas 
study the national collection at aegean agricultural research institute will be characterized a 
ional collection at aegean agricultural research institute will be characterized and evaluated  
1096 1 laughter ph45 will be measured and from right side, sample joint will be taken; it will be cons 
15181 1 ological surveillance of border disease virus infection in the population of chamois from the c 
7509 2  preliminary studies based on typing of virulence genes have shown, however quon could classify 
will be associated with typing based on virulence genes produced beforehand  
7501 2                  in the genus agaricus, phylogenetic reconstruction of duploannulatae section c 
 in the characterization of species and phylogenetic reconstruction of two sections based on th 
15334 7                             the present research proposal is intended as a contribution to the  
d as a contribution to the knowledge of self-incompatibility biology, incompatibility gene alle 
ions and the characterization of pseudo-self-compatibility. we make use of the sonchus pustulat 
 a phylogeographic analysis sketching a molecular clock about populations or population groups  
 a molecular clock about populations or population groups splitting and other forthcoming data  
ncompatibility system. the knowledge of reproductive system in these species and the diversity  
gnificant diversity of alleles to avoid harmful effects disturbing reintroduction programs.  
7510 2 rsity of two groups abundant archaea in deep ocean hydrothermal vents. work focuses on the defi 
o groups abundant archaea in deep ocean hydrothermal vents. work focuses on the definition and  
7625 6 unt the architectural complexity of the root system of trees. so we will endeavor us to evaluat 
n of these results in a slope stability scale model of a catchment. the use of vegetation, espe 
ment. the use of vegetation, especially forest ecosystems, with a view to ensuring a protective 
g a protective function against various natural hazards in the mountains is a common practice.  
s natural hazards in the mountains is a common practice. there is, in most alpine areas, silvic 
al phenomena of interaction between the root system of trees and soil  
14588 2 ly characterized with dna markers. this research project proposes this characterization with ra 
this theme, the second objetive of this research project is the study of the interaction root-c 
157 2  total flux of energy and matter of the coastal ecosystem. being a quite unique and small group 
 species . evaluation of production and growth rates of different charophyte species in relatio 
12404 3  to chemical hazards and impacts in the marine environment. this will be in 5 modules; passive  
 to chemical risk and human exposure to chemical contaminants key customer purpose: understandi 
ding of the impacts of chemicals in the marine environment remains a priority issue for defra a 
15147 3 ion from the environment for behavioral decision making related to foraging, reproduction and t 
 in particular, recent experimental and field studies have demonstrated that many aquatic organ 
origin of the chemical cues released by brown trout that are responsible of the anti-predator b 
11191 2 of the many lakes beneath the antarctic ice sheet. the chemical composition of this bottom ice  
xpanded and contracted as the antarctic ice sheet grows and contracts over cycles of glaciation 
13530 3  algal blooms, are natural phenomena in marine environments, but during the last decades they h 
dinoflagellate blooms. relative maximal growth rate is generally lower for dinoflagellates than 
xuded from dinoflagellates, with strong negative effects on many naturally co-occurring organis 
10478 5 hen this process happens in the face of gene flow, differentiation is expected to be variable a 
nome reflecting the direct operation of natural selection and the barrier created for regions s 
fferent levels of divergence, excellent background information and a sequenced genome. this all 
 to apply the latest approaches to this major problem in evolutionary genetics.  
est approaches to this major problem in evolutionary genetics.  
11703 5 hen this process happens in the face of gene flow, differentiation is expected to be variable a 
nome reflecting the direct operation of natural selection and the barrier created for regions s 
fferent levels of divergence, excellent background information and a sequenced genome. this all 
 to apply the latest approaches to this major problem in evolutionary genetics.  
est approaches to this major problem in evolutionary genetics.  
10316 2 ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte 
eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe 
10551 2 ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte 
eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe 
10781 2 ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte 
eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe 
11308 2 ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte 
eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe 
11568 2 ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte 
eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe 
11828 2 ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte 
eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe 
12365 1 f biological impacts relevant to the uk marine environment and fisheries interests in the event 
15320 2 em. the main purpose of this project of basic research is to penetrate into the knowledge of th 
proach applied as essential strategy in basic research to characterize in depth the interaction 
14316 4 in the late 70s while strong signals of climate changes were noted can be of use for representi 
ned topics is aiming to investigate the environmental factors favouring the reservoir-hosts as  
er environment. the possible links with climate change and global indices could help in designi 
 global indices could help in designing early warning methods.  
6866 2 he project mapping the flora of hungary distribution map of 2000 species will be completed foll 
l countries in europe will be possible. distribution maps prepared to analyze the nation-wide l 
6752 1 lexes in soils and its fate in the soil plant system.  
11673 2  many closely related species differ in chromosome number , and there is no difficulty in findi 
y be promoting species-formation in the house mouse, and give us valuable insight into this pro 
15090 3 fferenciated aquatic compartiment where chemical compounds reach to high concentrations and may 
 on the sediment toxicity to the common data bases built only with data relative to chemistry a 
rm the chronic sediment bioassays for a risk assessment based on the bioaccumulation.  
14676 1                         the aim of this research project is to evaluate the interest of sedimen 
9843 1  provenance, crucial to unravelling the tectonic history of this region, including the extent t 
14187 3 age between the microbial and classical food webs in aquatic systems. in shallow eutrophic and  
be very important in functioning of the food webs in that lake. the following goals are address 
liate – metazooplankton trophic link to food web functioning in shallow eutrophic and turbid la 
13439 2 ontribute to sustainable development in tropical countries dependent on export of marine produc 
ts. focused phytoplankton monitoring of coastal water will ensure safe bivalves, which is an en 
7036 3 structure within a model species of the boreal forest, mycoblastus sanguinarius, in four differ 
what extent its modern distribution and genetic diversity centres diverge from those of its com 
erstanding diversification patterns and gene flow in a representative species.  
14157 16                    the objective of the research project is a synthesised study of the urban en 
 study of the urban environment and the environmental impact of urbanisation, applying life cyc 
mental impact of urbanisation, applying life cycle assessment, substance and energy flux, metho 
otprint and spatial analysis. expansive land use and greater mobility brought about by urbanisa 
een fully surveyed, in particular using life cycle assessment methods. the comprehensive approa 
e especially acute due to the intensive urban sprawl in the light of multifunctional land use p 
 sprawl in the light of multifunctional land use paradigm and eu directives. the total growth o 
e total growth of environmental load of city dwellers is expressed in the increase of ecologica 
y and in their relation with main socio-economic indicators. due to more frequent extraordinary 
ors. due to more frequent extraordinary weather conditions, urban areas as sensitive places hav 
quent extraordinary weather conditions, urban areas as sensitive places have to adapt and mitig 
imate and contribute to the decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. the impact of spatial structu 
ontribute to the decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. the impact of spatial structure of settl 
ructure of settlements and buildings on land use and mobility, and consequently on transport lo 
 to be elaborated. the objective of the research project is proving these hypotheses. another a 
nisation indicators as well as physical planning tools.  
230 2  review written by l.b.prout during the first half of the xxth century. later on, only the subf 
 estonian collections of geometridae in state museums during the last decade have accumulated r 
14313 3            global studies of historical land use have focused on large-scale landscape modifica 
difications that can potentially affect global climate via their effects on surface albedo, aer 
ts on surface albedo, aerosols, and the carbon cycle. these studies concluded that the impact o 
2079 5  link between the stock collapse and an abrupt change in north atlantic climate that occurred i 
60s. the project will analyse available long term time series of herring growth and abundance i 
roject will analyse available long term time series of herring growth and abundance in relation 
d climate, and develop state-of-the-art mathematical models to aid prediction of the consequenc 
o aid prediction of the consequences of climate changes in the future.  
10434 1 fication of seasonal trace gas flux and energy balance between surface and atmosphere at the la 
10496 1 fication of seasonal trace gas flux and energy balance between surface and atmosphere at the la 
10494 9 pical climate zone is more sensitive to global climate change than model predictions suggest an 
limate zone is more sensitive to global climate change than model predictions suggest and ecolo 
nah biomes to be extremely sensitive to climate change. however, the dynamics of how tropical v 
 of how tropical vegetation responds to climate change remains controversial. to explore the re 
to explore the relationship between the global climate system and tropical vegetation it is nec 
etation change through periods of known global climate change, e.g. through glacial-interglacia 
 change through periods of known global climate change, e.g. through glacial-interglacial cycle 
to explore vegetative response to rapid global climate change, e.g. heinrich events, during the 
ore vegetative response to rapid global climate change, e.g. heinrich events, during the period 
14231 7                                         global warming, along with a fast-growing agricultural  
 along with a fast-growing agricultural land use, considered today to be one of the main global 
ersity a threat. studies of climate and land use changes in the past due to the composition and 
ct the future response of vegetation to climate change and changing land use. to investigate th 
getation to climate change and changing land use. to investigate the effects of past climate ch 
use. to investigate the effects of past climate changes during the holocene vegetation in the c 
f the global dynamics of vegetation and land use patterns esinduslikuse models for evaluating a 
2013 6 ap tool to eliminate biomass, releasing greenhouse gases such as co2 and ch4 to the atmosphere. 
 a large scale when there is a distinct dry season. on an annual basis, deforestation fires emi 
uivalent to approximately 15% of global fossil fuel emissions. during el niño years, this numbe 
estation studies have focussed on socio-economic factors that ultimately drive deforestation. h 
ons. this could be a result of changing global climate and because of deforestation-driven chan 
tool for deforestation, influencing the build-up of atmospheric co2 and ch4. several future def 
2030 4                                       a central issue in ecology is to understand how species r 
is to understand how species respond to climate change and to predict consequences for communit 
 composition and ecosystem functioning. climate warming causes shifts of species distributions  
lain and predict plant invasions due to climate warming.  
13615 2                                  due to climate change the ranges of many plant species will sh 
ural ecosystems may help to improve the biological control of nematodes in agro-ecosystems.  
9835 4                                         climate change is one of the major threats currently fa 
 biodiversity. predicting the impact of climate change for species requires the development of  
essary to integrate them with models of climate change impacts. i will use black-tailed godwits 
or model to predict the consequences of sea level rise and associated coastal management strate 
10007 8 h has responded to millions of years of climate change and can be an invaluable means to invest 
ery little ice at the poles, and global sea levels were much higher. between 50 and 34 ma, the  
began to grow on antarctica, taking the first steps towards the modern bipolar icehouse world.  
y how old the sediments are that record climate change. we will do this by looking at the magne 
eochemistry to produce a picture of the global climate through time. third, we want to use this 
n turn on carbonate-producing plankton. calcium carbonate dissolves in acid and given the impor 
the palaeoceanography and palaeoclimate research group, which is actively investigating critica 
ely investigating critical intervals of climate change. we will collaborate with scripps instit 
13785 4 the project proposed here, i will study host plant-pollinator-parasitoid interactions under dif 
bitat change scenarios. i will focus on pollinating insects with well known ecology i.e. large  
 generality in the study systems. using pollinating insects in an ecological and evolutionary f 
mation about ecosystem functioning. our general knowledge of how such systems are influenced by 
1105 9 namics of the processes involved in the carbon cycle that carry out and control the carbon cycl 
on cycle that carry out and control the carbon cycle. a simulation model of the carbon cycle wi 
carbon cycle. a simulation model of the carbon cycle will be set up simultaneously in order to  
climatic scenarios, predicted by global circulation models, will be used both in the study of t 
ganism and on carbon dynamic and in the carbon cycle models, in order to compare the data obtai 
decisions to be made in controlling the greenhouse effect via the increase in carbon storage fo 
disseminated to promote knowledge about climate change and the mitigating effect, that agro-for 
hat agro-forestal systems might have on climate change to an large and diverse audience. the pr 
s; 2. simulation models and territorial data processing; 3. genetic and functional diversity of 
10850 2                          the effects of climate change in a dynamic competitive interaction bet 
nd, in the latter models, functions for interspecific competition. historical data from a netwo 
10476 14     one of the most striking impacts of human development is the replacement of natural wildlif 
velopment is the replacement of natural wildlife habitat with either agriculture or urban envir 
ment reduce the overall availability of wildlife habitat, it often fragments the landscape so t 
tence of major disturbance phenomena in marine ecosystems, the effects of habitat fragmentation 
ck of study of habitat fragmentation in marine ecosystems is understandable, the potential impo 
da, primarily because of the impacts of climate change. in 1998, for example, unusually high se 
change. in 1998, for example, unusually high sea temperatures in tropical regions led to unprec 
 with the recent emergence of models of ecosystem dynamics and larval connectivity among coral  
 dynamics and larval connectivity among coral reefs, the constraints to studying fragmentation  
 systems have recently been lifted. the research team is multi-disciplinary and provides the fo 
ulti-disciplinary and provides the four key ingredients needed to study climate change impacts  
he four key ingredients needed to study climate change impacts on marine habitats. these are .  
eded to study climate change impacts on marine habitats. these are . lastly, we undertake field 
itats. these are . lastly, we undertake field studies to test the predictions of the model by s 
13755 1                                         climate models predict an increase in dynamic ice forma 
2006 5                              indonesian coral reefs are famous for their high number of species 
re than 100 years resulting in valuable natural history collections in museums and herbaria. th 
sponse to environmental change. next to data base comparison, we will analyse caco3 secreting o 
 analyses on these samples will provide time series on sea surface temperatures and precipitati 
ese samples will provide time series on sea surface temperatures and precipitation / evaporatio 
10044 4  uncertainly regarding the influence of climate change on structure of marine fish assemblages, 
emporal changes of abundance, including body size, growth rates and trophic level and 3 test th 
nges of abundance, including body size, growth rates and trophic level and 3 test the reliabili 
orecasted 2 to 4 c rises in mean annual sea surface temperature over the next 100 years.  
10895 4         the world is experiencing rapid climate change with a predicted rise in global average  
in species distributions within-species genetic diversity in many mobile animal taxa. however,  
, disperse slowly cannot adapt to rapid climate change within the lifespan of individuals. fore 
be among the first habitats impacted by climate change, a realisation driving the search for ap 
11708 4         the world is experiencing rapid climate change with a predicted rise in global average  
in species distributions within-species genetic diversity in many mobile animal taxa. however,  
, disperse slowly cannot adapt to rapid climate change within the lifespan of individuals. fore 
be among the first habitats impacted by climate change, a realisation driving the search for ap 
7479 13 g the precise nature and rate of future climate change, even the most moderate scenarios predic 
rios predict a continuing change of the marine environment, with associated major environmental 
 certainties and uncertainties, in this specific area should be raised. during the last years,  
f eu research results on the impacts of climate change on the marine environment and to make th 
on the impacts of climate change on the marine environment and to make this knowledge and its s 
pean research results on the effects of climate change on marine environment. an up-to-date ove 
lts on the effects of climate change on marine environment. an up-to-date overview of public kn 
wledge and perception on the effects of climate change on marine environments and their socio-e 
ion on the effects of climate change on marine environments and their socio-economic consequenc 
ies. enhancement of public knowledge on climate change impacts on the marine environment, inclu 
wledge on climate change impacts on the marine environment, including the socio-economic conseq 
te with european citizens on impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems.  
itizens on impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems.  
12660 4 the uk on the strength of links between climate change and migratory species’ behaviour, abunda 
distribution and passed a resolution on climate change, which amongst other things, called for  
the need for standardised protocols for data collection and monitoring of climate-change impact 
g the threats to migratory species from climate change.  
13773 2 eproductive success declines during the breeding season. because temperature shows yearly varia 
sticity allows short-term adjustment to temperature changes, large-scale disruptions to these p 
2000 6                                         peat bogs are important ecosystems in relation to clima 
ificant long-term sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide. climatic change could bring about chang 
e. virtually nothing is known about how climate change and changes in atmospheric n deposition  
n would affect bog ecosystems at longer time scales. on the other hand bogs provide some unique 
es. on the other hand bogs provide some unique opportunities to analyse changes in species comp 
to investigate the long-term effects of climate change on plant species composition and carbon  
14737 5  studies have considered the effects of climate change on ecosystem functioning, and on plant a 
is needed to investigate the impacts at community level, particularly in forests. at regional s 
icularly in forests. at regional scale, climate change may produce modifications in species dis 
 in this project, we propose to develop statistical models of potential distribution of the mai 
hese experiments, and they suggest that abrupt changes may appear after drought thresholds are  
14823 9 es that ecotones are very vulnerable to climate change. environmental limitations to the distri 
 of forest trees become most obvious at tree line ecotones. extremes in environmental factors s 
ious at tree line ecotones. extremes in environmental factors such as temperature, water supply 
ironmental factors such as temperature, water supply, irradiation, etc. accumulate stress situa 
withstand. therefore, the role of upper tree line ecotones as indicators of environmental chang 
ronmental changes is widely recognised. small changes in any environmental factors may cause ch 
widely recognised. small changes in any environmental factors may cause changes in the timberli 
inuously during the year in relation to environmental factors. obtained data will provide a res 
e for better management of forest under climate change conditions  
482 2  depends on the persistence of multiple group members: thus in practice, the greatest recorded  
c gradient, using national and european time series and atlas datasets available to the consort 
12592 2                                         climate change has been identified by the draft soil st 
 be directly and indirectly impacted by climate change, but the consequences of such effects ar 
7673 2                        clim-fabiam is a basic research program relying on a long lasting partne 
                 clim-fabiam is a basic research program relying on a long lasting partnership  
11758 3                           plants play a vital role in regulating the concentration of atmospher 
lating the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in 
 carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in whole plant carbon balances may have i 
9996 3                           plants play a vital role in regulating the concentration of atmospher 
lating the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in 
 carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in whole plant carbon balances may have i 
10889 9                                         climate change is now recognized as having major impact 
erate and polar species retreat. at the community level, changes in assemblage composition have 
assemblages and indeed the whole marine food web. changes in the timing of this bloom as a resu 
the timing of this bloom as a result of climate change have been demonstrated and shown to have 
ine benthic organisms which live on the sea bed, through effects on their planktonic larvae are 
ly and are also sensitive indicators of climate change. their larvae are also important compone 
re also important components of coastal food webs. in the british isles, barnacles are either b 
enthic organisms through effects at the larval stage. results will be used to extend further a  
ous nerc grant to understand effects of climate change on adult populations of benthic organism 
10950 4  will be used to estimate younger dryas summer temperatures at one site in eastern scotland and 
n glacier equilibrium line altitude and summer temperature. we will investigate whether glacier 
 resulted from reduction in snowfall or climate warming. we will compare midge-inferred july te 
 grip record can be used as a proxy for summer temperature in the ne atlantic region and as a l 
13587 2 using a structured population model and laboratory experiments together with field sampling dat 
water quality management in the face of climate change.  
2056 5                                         climate change scenarios predict that arctic regions wi 
nd changes anywhere on the globe due to global warming in the coming decades. this is of great  
s that are found nowhere else on earth. polar bears induced change in the arctic system. the pr 
ractions of these two species, identify critical habitat features and develop a predictive mode 
ve model to assess the impact of future climate change on these animals and the ecosystem they  
1997 6 t of disturbance in aquatic ecosystems. climate change can thus be expected to affect biodivers 
diversity. according to this hypothesis climate change is likely to affect biodiversity by chan 
ty composition as well as biodiversity. climate change may potentially push these ecosystems to 
lly inclined ph.d. student will perform time series analysis on existing long term datasets and 
erform time series analysis on existing long term datasets and perform analyses with simple mul 
tools to assess the potential impact of climate change on aquatic biodiversity. the integrative 
1999 8  to predict different relations between global warming and biodiversity. to explore the potenti 
nts will be tuned to the results of the time series analysis and the model analysis obtained in 
 since climatic effects on more complex food webs and on organisms with long generation times c 
ex food webs and on organisms with long generation times cannot be studied experimentally, we w 
e compared with the results obtained by time series and model analysis in the companion project 
alysis in the companion project of this research program. the anticipated results of this resea 
rogram. the anticipated results of this research programme will provide the first essential too 
tools to assess the potential impact of climate change on aquatic biodiversity.  
1998 10  to predict different relations between global warming and biodiversity. this is a first indica 
rsity in more detail, we propose to use time series analysis and model analysis. the time serie 
series analysis and model analysis. the time series analysis will focus on time series of lakes 
 the time series analysis will focus on time series of lakes in northwestern europe, with the f 
he climatic variability observed in the time series analysis as input for the models to obtain  
he findings from the model analysis and time series analysis will be compared with experimental 
e series analysis will be compared with experimental results obtained in the companion project  
tained in the companion project of this research program. the anticipated results of this resea 
rogram. the anticipated results of this research programme will provide the first essential too 
tools to assess the potential impact of climate change on aquatic biodiversity.  
2179 2 est this match-mismatch hypothesis in a food web perspective, combining small-scale process stu 
birch forest under various scenarios of climate change.  
14665 7 ntains transitional climate zones where climate change may have the greatest effects. in the ar 
ime and drought phenomenon often occurs climate change plays a decisive role on the dynamics of 
stems. in this context, the analysis of climate change and its variability is of great interest 
sential tool for a better management of natural resources. such studies combining climate varia 
g of climate variability with a greater spatial resolution could be useful for all social and p 
in this context, the main goals of this research project are: 1. to create a dense, complete an 
ense, complete and homogeneous climatic data base for the whole mediterranean coast of spain. a 
15005 4                                     the scientific community has now no doubt on the existence  
peed of this change implies an enormous selective pressure for all organisms. in mountain syste 
h high mountain systems that range from sea level to over 3000 m altitude: sierra nevada and te 
om different altitudes. 3. to study the genetic diversity, using aflp, of the samples used in t 
2078 4                               predicted climate changes will affect nature as a whole. for a be 
nd species-composition as a response to climate change it is important to consider comparable i 
sms in time and space. it is known that climate changes will have a strong effect on species-di 
f organisms differ in their response to climate change. this enables an identification of areas 
424 1 mulated distribution of the cedar shows drastic changes with a significant reduction of its dis 
2109 4                               the north boreal forests and the low alpine areas cover a large p 
nd surface. the predicted anthropogenic climate changes are supposed to have large influences i 
cies above the existing treeline. steep temperature gradients influence the survival of many pl 
 order to predict the effects of future climate change in this ecotone. we plan to provide info 
13612 4 m model-based predictions on how future climate change will affect european biodiversity. curre 
pecies distribution models suggest that climate change will cause habitats to shift or contract 
bitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 years. this will allo 
empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and empl 
15565 4 m model-based predictions on how future climate change will affect european biodiversity. curre 
pecies distribution models suggest that climate change will cause habitats to shift or contract 
bitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 years. this will allo 
empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and empl 
13747 1  depends on the persistence of multiple group members: thus in | ||jij practice, the greatest r 
15566 2  depends on the persistence of multiple group members: thus in practice, the greatest recorded  
c gradient, using national and european time series and atlas datasets available to the consort 
14140 4 l distribution and temporal dynamics of planktonic organisms as well as controlling primary pro 
ttom layer. we assume that, besides the physical processes, the biological and chemical process 
 physical processes, the biological and chemical processes in the two pycnoclines separating th 
stem changes taking into account future climate change projections.  
6736 7                                         genetic research in recent years has clarified the mole 
nogenic inheritance pattern include the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . all of these disorders ar 
hythmias and an incresed risk of sudden cardiac death. the genetic research on cardiomyopathies 
resed risk of sudden cardiac death. the genetic research on cardiomyopathies is a rapidly growi 
pathologic base of these diseases, many open questions remained. these include not only to find 
ders is enough for transferring the new genetic informations into the every-day clinical practi 
w information would be valuable for the scientific community in general.  
11439 8 sts now believe that the very future of human life on the planet earth is closeley linked to ho 
seley linked to how we alter the global carbon cycle. the rate at which we are using fossil fue 
n cycle. the rate at which we are using fossil fuels and altering land use ; however, if we get 
 we are using fossil fuels and altering land use ; however, if we get the carbon cycle slightly 
ering land use ; however, if we get the carbon cycle slightly out of balance the plants and ani 
eed to know the rules for keeping these closed systems alive and how important altering the atm 
, etc. are. exactly how delicate is the carbon cycle within a closed system the work we are pro 
w delicate is the carbon cycle within a closed system the work we are proposing uses one of the 
14266 1 ese potential synergies on the level of information exchange, methodology and research experien 
10587 1 een female mating behaviour and selfish genetic elements.  
9816 1 een female mating behaviour and selfish genetic elements.  
12588 7 hanges in soil carbon levels related to land use and climate change are highly uncertain, so ev 
l carbon levels related to land use and climate change are highly uncertain, so evidence-based  
 data on soil carbon and the release of greenhouse gases in relation to land management. this w 
to land management. this would enable a clear picture to be gained of the current state of uk s 
. the expert group will be managed by a project manager in order to: 1. assess the existence, a 
ta on uk soil carbon stocks, fluxes and land use influences. 2. appraise the potential limitati 
his will provide up to date evidence to policy makers in relation to soil carbon and land manag 
14958 1 build on the previous experience of the principal investigator in developing methods for the is 
10137 9 food resources for humankind. since the industrial revolution, the oceans have restricted the e 
he oceans have restricted the extent of global warming by taking up approximately 50% of the co 
ng up approximately 50% of the co2 from fossil fuel burning and cement manufacture. co2 forms c 
rning and cement manufacture. co2 forms carbonic acid when dissolved in seawater and lowers amb 
ns of many marine organisms are made of calcium carbonate to constrain the swarm of models so t 
etter understanding of the modern ocean carbon cycle, which is essential to get right before wo 
future warming by emitting more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxi 
g more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.  
nhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.  
11019 9 food resources for humankind. since the industrial revolution, the oceans have restricted the e 
he oceans have restricted the extent of global warming by taking up approximately 50% of the co 
ng up approximately 50% of the co2 from fossil fuel burning and cement manufacture. co2 forms c 
rning and cement manufacture. co2 forms carbonic acid when dissolved in seawater and lowers amb 
ns of many marine organisms are made of calcium carbonate to constrain the swarm of models so t 
etter understanding of the modern ocean carbon cycle, which is essential to get right before wo 
future warming by emitting more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxi 
g more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.  
nhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.  
15028 8 sh populations and demersal and pelagic marine ecosystems are well documented for commercial fi 
rine ecosystems are well documented for commercial fishing, the impacts of artisanal and recrea 
l fishing, the impacts of artisanal and recreational fishing -as well as their relationships- o 
-as well as their relationships- on the coastal ecosystem have received little attention. never 
ttention. nevertheless, the interest on recreational fishing as a leisure activity is growing r 
ating a potential conflict between this open access type of fishing and the regulated artisanal 
ects over the exploited species and the coastal ecosystem. the objective of the current proposa 
ions and maintain the resiliency of the coastal ecosystems, the health of the fish stocks and t 
11490 1 in the ganges-brahmaputra to facilitate take-up of the policy recommendations that would emerge 
14317 7 ly to the amazonriver basin in terms of drainage area and water discharge, the congo river harb 
urce of critical importance to riparian human population. in shrill contrast with its importanc 
an aquatic ecosystem. a large number of conceptual models have been developed over the past dec 
overall ecological functioning of large river systems. the importance of longitudinal and later 
nous primary production for fueling the food web in function of spatial and temporal scales. un 
cers . in particular, the origin of the organic matter fueling the upper levels of the food web 
 matter fueling the upper levels of the food web will be highlighted. such interdisciplinary an 
14318 6 deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries program. un-redd+ will create a fi 
reate a financial value for sustainable forest management actions that enhance carbon storage i 
age in forests, offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions in a post 2012 
ersity in pristine and intervened dense tropical forests of the congo basin and to increase our 
between both variables as a function of forest management. the strategic choice of the tropical 
management. the strategic choice of the tropical forests of d.r. congo as a study area is inspi 
13315 4 ity is affected by historic and current land use changes. in the coconut project we will , and  
 coconut project we will , and national data bases will enable access to data, tools and inform 
 predictions of biodiversity effects on land use change, and development of policy options for  
, and development of policy options for land use management.  
13823 3 tic mosaics created by colonisation and gene flow dynamics of both host and parasites maintain  
 and parasites maintain a high level of genetic variation in parasite selected traits. the resu 
is a more efficient way to maintain the evolutionary processes that are important to biodiversi 
14549 1 and their hosts, a subject in which our research team has made relevant contributions finally,  
14940 3  colonization or host-switching through food webs. this task will require to build a phylogenet 
webs. this task will require to build a phylogenetic tree of the polymorphidae based on both mo 
nt function to the intestinal wall. our working hypothesis is that the variety of morphologies  
15583 2 and ecological landscapes are evolving. climate change, deforestation, and degradation critical 
sults and scenarios are embedded in the policy making process, paying close attention to the go 
13455 5                                         coral reefs of lophelia pertusa are key biotopes in tem 
a, a keystone species in the koster sea national park; by 1 developing tools for active managem 
3 modelling larval dispersal within the national park and skagerrak, and investigate in vitro a 
igate in vitro and in situ hydrodynamic driving forces to be able to develop and improve the ef 
 rehabilitation activities of coldwater coral reefs in years to come.  
12715 2 tion remains a threat to sensitive semi-natural habitats in the uk. large areas of the country  
. large areas of the country exceed the critical loads for nutrient nitrogen and critical level 
13405 1 y is to investigate conservation of the genetic diversity of mulberry.  
13368 1 wn with other seed samples conserved in gene bank. salvia species will be characterized using m 
13409 1 y is to investigate conservation of the genetic diversity of fruit genetic resourses in middle  
14190 1 larger number of local cultivars in the botanical garden.  
14192 3 ections; seed collecting expeditions to natural habitats; characterization and evaluation of ac 
e centre participating in activities of steering committee and working groups of barley, wheat, 
in activities of steering committee and working groups of barley, wheat, oats, forage grasses a 
14191 1  are: •to collect and to introduce into tissue culture and to preserve in vitro the varieties,  
13578 4                 the populations of many boreal forest species have declined dramatically in lan 
es dominated by forestry. anthropogenic climate change may further reduce their abundance. the  
y of forestry-sensitive species. during climate change, high colonizing ability is essential to 
l have better chances to survive in the long term despite all the challenges. in contrast, spec 
13462 3                 the populations of many boreal forest species have declined dramatically in lan 
ves, e.g. colonization capacity. during climate change, high colonizing capacity is essential t 
l have better chances to survive in the long term despite the antropogenic challenges described 
15321 8 d lethal uv radiation, extremely low or high temperatures and their fluctuations, oligotrophic  
 vapour has not yet been addressed. our working hypothesis for this project is that: colonizati 
d microbiota and biomarkers of the cold dry valleys of antarctica. this type of study will gene 
 endolithic microorganisms to different environmental factors. from our data, we will infer the 
ic ecosystems in the atacama desert and dry valleys of antarctica. similarly, the investigation 
igations proposed will generate data on environmental factors that will provide new insight int 
tors that will provide new insight into climate change in regions as sensitive to global warmin 
imate change in regions as sensitive to global warming as are deserts.  
12146 5 pertrophication-related disturbances in forest ecosystem. increased amounts of plant and . at t 
ges of vegetation, fungi and soil biota take place. nature and dynamics of these changes must b 
. the project aims to shape a scheme of forest ecosystem functioning under an impact of hypertr 
f forest disturbances linking them with expansion rates and productivity of the cormorant colon 
will be employed for making a scheme of forest ecosystem functioning under an impact of hypertr 
15339 2                          vision plays a key role in the detection of resources by diurnal polli 
ecies: a solitary bee, osmia cornuta, a hover fly, eristalis tenax and a diurnal moth, macroglo 
15327 5   the recent intergovernmental panel on climate change report predicted large temperature incre 
on attention needs to focus not only on global warming and each of the other stressors individu 
osystems will most likely interact with climate warming, with combined effects that are difficu 
tem services to humans. we predict that climate warming will exacerbate the current effects of  
nagement plans in the short, medium and long term.  
9857 8 are currently experiencing accelerating climate change. the layers of ocean sediments in these  
lls accumulate through time providing a high resolution record of past environments. communitie 
in mind that these regions experience a wide range of environmental conditions as the seasons c 
dern ocean and most importantly, in the fossil record. we hope to genetically and morphological 
unified classification scheme. from our high resolution sampling, we will be able to produce a  
ll be able to produce a new bioprovince distribution map for the present day northeast atlantic 
w the exploration of seasonality in the fossil record. do foram shells of the same species have 
ut how extreme changes in these dynamic marine environments affect the survival of species and  
9892 8 are currently experiencing accelerating climate change. the layers of ocean sediments in these  
lls accumulate through time providing a high resolution record of past environments. communitie 
in mind that these regions experience a wide range of environmental conditions as the seasons c 
dern ocean and most importantly, in the fossil record. we hope to genetically and morphological 
unified classification scheme. from our high resolution sampling, we will be able to produce a  
ll be able to produce a new bioprovince distribution map for the present day northeast atlantic 
w the exploration of seasonality in the fossil record. do foram shells of the same species have 
ut how extreme changes in these dynamic marine environments affect the survival of species and  
14149 3 cesses we study mechanical disturbance, current flow, water stratification, sedimentation, oxyg 
ee access to many european databases on marine ecosystems. meta-analyses are used to compare re 
e aim of this project is to provide the knowledge base of the integrated impacts of multiple pr 
15077 4        the analysis of the y-chromosome genetic diversity has been shown to be useful to ascert 
scertain phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary processes in humans. however, this kind of 
ellite markers. the aim is to solve the major problem of the y-specific microsatellite markers  
ach species and among different species y chromosomes.  
14898 3 . moreover, due to their sensibility to climate change and habitat alteration and fragmentation 
pe of the selected groups with variable chromosome number, and the sequence of mitochondrial an 
equence of mitochondrial and/or nuclear genetic markers. the combination of the barcoding data  
13976 4 n the baltic archipelago is affected by human activities, and use this knowledge as a basis to  
 basis to evaluate legal aspects of how policy measures should be constructed to efficiently pr 
rds are affected by shore exploitation, nature reserves and boat traffic. the analysis will als 
g biodiversity and maintain and develop human activities in the society. this will encompass a  
2150 1 rway, considerable damage to deep-water coral reefs by trawlers have led to the closure of area 
11119 2 some studies have shown that plants use chemical signals to promote pollination, seed dispersal 
r bioactivity using behavioural assays. gas chromatography and mass spectrometry will be used t 
11836 10            anatomical evidence plays an important role in elucidating the relationships of plan 
 silica supersaturated waters flow from hot springs. the latter is particularly important becau 
 situ. such occurrences are rare in the fossil record, but provide unique snapshots of past lif 
ts of past life. perhaps the best known hot spring deposit is the lower devonian rhynie chert o 
y vegetation growing in the vicinity of hot springs e.g. yellowstone, usa and iceland, demonstr 
ck and estimate the degree to which the hot spring ecosystems are typical of either normal dry- 
ght, or are connected with withstanding heavy metal toxicity. similar but probably less rigorou 
probably less rigorous analyses, due to time constraints, will be applied to carboniferous, cre 
o carboniferous, cretaceous and miocene hot springs, to attempt to demonstrate convergence in a 
ity, dongfanghong, part of an extensive gold field situated within the same lower cretaceous pr 
9936 2 termined by phylogenetic and functional genetic marker analysis, and 13c-labelling of archaeal  
 carbon-flow pathways in freshwater and marine environments.  
10701 2 termined by phylogenetic and functional genetic marker analysis, and 13c-labelling of archaeal  
 carbon-flow pathways in freshwater and marine environments.  
15252 2 val amphibians at the interspecific and community levels and their latitudinal variation. we in 
ans are at higher risk of extinction to global warming since their environmental temperatures a 
15499 7 processes was essential to build modern evolutionary theory. however, the process of artificial 
tionary theory. however, the process of artificial selection has been scarcely explored by evol 
 the well-known domestication syndrome, life history theory and plant physiological ecology wou 
nteractions with other organisms, or to after-life effects on soil function through microbial u 
identify plant strategies evolved under artificial selection across a wide range of domesticati 
ved under artificial selection across a wide range of domestication processes. the overarching  
that would benefit basic ecological and evolutionary theory, but will also contribute technolog 
15403 2          this project is have a side of basic research in the field of herbivory under conditio 
alearian wild goat- , to check if their ecological niche is similar and thus provide essential  
10195 3 rganisation that are believed to play a key role in speciation. we will use a uniquely appropri 
eneral nature and specific instances of chromosomal rearrangements. we will also survey the gen 
, and correlate these with differential gene expression. our findings will both complement and  
13709 2 n´t be grown outside the host, standard genetic analyses cannot be applied, and comparative gen 
osed project will greatly influence the research field, as the mechanism of ci and the evolutio 
10525 5 d do amazing things. they could degrade crude oil. they could live in hot springs, or places wi 
d degrade crude oil. they could live in hot springs, or places with extreme salt concentrations 
teria also are a very important part of animal life. our digestive function is changed by probi 
tant in good digestive health. in cows, gut bacteria are of vital importance in making the nutr 
ome sequence of a. triatominarum, using new technology based on firefly enzymes that can produc 
15233 5 ion is almost universal, occupying many ecological niches, including the human body. p. stutzer 
g many ecological niches, including the human body. p. stutzeri is involved in environmental re 
f inorganic compounds and resistance to toxic metals aerobically, and anaerobically as denitrif 
is might explain, at least in part, the genetic diversity of the species. genomic analysis of r 
aptation of the pseudomonads to diverse ecological niches.  
14220 8 ching implications for macroecology and biodiversity research. differences have been noted in t 
ntified some species traits that affect population dynamics, this issue is still very open in t 
 in the tropics, we will supplement our time series data with studies of spatial congruence and 
 with studies of spatial congruence and life history, and take a phylogenetic comparative persp 
determining population changes, and how life history traits determine emergent properties of tr 
recapture, and caterpillar rearing in a tropical forest in uganda. proposed practical work will 
d significantly to our understanding of life history evolution and community structure in tropi 
ry evolution and community structure in tropical forests and provide the necessary background f 
14131 3 mental conditions. however, to date the vast majority of studies have focused on single species 
for comparison mammal species including brown bears, grey wolves identify significant populatio 
n mammal species including brown bears, grey wolves identify significant population units for c 
14813 1 pecial interest for the conservation of genetic diversity in the mediterranean, supplies reliab 
6913 2 rm of bi- and multifactorial small-plot field trials, some of which are part of long-term exper 
lysis and yield formation and papers in scientific journals are planned as the result of the pr 
10008 7 nately we know almost nothing about the make-up of centipede venom, which leaves not only a lar 
understanding of venom evolution in the animal kingdom. this study aims to remedy this ignoranc 
venoms and venomous organisms. the most basic question that can be answered is simply: what tox 
o their venom. they do this by taking a gene coding for a normal body protein, duplicating it,  
s went hand in hand. by integrating the family trees of the toxin genes and the centipedes we c 
 by integrating the family trees of the toxin genes and the centipedes we can infer whether par 
us animals, from what kind of genes the toxin genes in centipedes have evolved. since there wer 
15137 3 he species under study by exploring the genetic diversity of populations in the mediterranean r 
al interest for the conservation of the genetic diversity in the mediterranean, and to obtain m 
le responses of each species studied to climate change.  
10792 5  now know that the rock record over the continental shelf is very cyclical in structure. at its 
ches onto the continental blocks during high sea-level stands. we will also compare the nature  
re of the deep-sea sedimentary rock and fossil records with rock and fossil records derived fro 
y rock and fossil records with rock and fossil records derived from land-based sections on adja 
inents to find out whether the deep-sea fossil record is immune from many of the biases affecti 
11569 5  now know that the rock record over the continental shelf is very cyclical in structure. at its 
ches onto the continental blocks during high sea-level stands. we will also compare the nature  
re of the deep-sea sedimentary rock and fossil records with rock and fossil records derived fro 
y rock and fossil records with rock and fossil records derived from land-based sections on adja 
inents to find out whether the deep-sea fossil record is immune from many of the biases affecti 
7662 7 tatus of water bodies. beside this, the water pollution by chemicals, the result of massive ind 
tems. goals this project is part of the biological responses component model organisms, it aims 
fects of representative contaminants in urban areas or the decline of the species if genotoxici 
 species if genotoxicity exerted during embryonic development or germ cells. genotoxicity ecolo 
exerted during embryonic development or germ cells. genotoxicity ecological relevance therefore 
 substance in an urban environment in a fresh water body model, the zebra mussel. the zebra mus 
he zebra mussel. the zebra mussel is an invasive species widely distributed in temperate aquati 
2478 2                                         marine ecosystems the world over are experiencing incre 
he us financed by the rcn. it conducted marine ecosystem comparisons based primarily on observa 
10091 1 and ease of use will be assessed in the final analysis and the best method determined.  
12617 9          the extent of feedback between climate change and the terrestrial carbon cycle is one  
ween climate change and the terrestrial carbon cycle is one of the main uncertainties in predic 
 uncertainties in predictions of future climate change. soil carbon dynamics are a key element  
mate change. soil carbon dynamics are a key element of this because soils contain two or three  
the losses occurred across all types of land use, a link to climate change was suggested. subse 
across all types of land use, a link to climate change was suggested. subsequent studies have s 
uggested. subsequent studies have shown climate change probably was in part responsible, but th 
, but the dominant cause was changes in land use and management, such as the conversion of gras 
has serious implications for the global carbon cycle, for the possibility of sequestering carbo 
14656 2 of diverse impacts both of a global and local character. local phenomena do not seem, however,  
he mechanisms of photoprotection or the immune response of the organisms themselves, which cont 
2004 1 climate-sensitive cores at 2550 m above sea level in the andes.  
14426 4 ronmentally friendly and protecting the ecological equilibrium in water bodies. fish rearing in 
ut, 200-250 t sturgeons and about 250 t channel catfish. along with the advantages of this meth 
ish, there are a number of problems and negative effects on the environment, caused mainly by t 
g method and the type of the used feed, water temperature etc.  
6880 4 rozen stored inner organs, mainly liver tissue samples by chemical analysis. from the samples w 
 organs, mainly liver tissue samples by chemical analysis. from the samples we plan to analyse  
from the samples we plan to analyse the genetic diversity of otter population in hungary with t 
ic habitats and also in the sustainable fish farming. we plan to publish results in internation 
12685 2 ent of the level of compliance with the environmental protection , and a review of other applic 
s a need for any legislative reforms or policy initiatives to increase compliance with the 1999 
11302 6  will aid interpretation of the miocene fossil record and the evolution of locomotor diversity  
to some extent since the split from the old world monkeys is key to the distinction between the 
nction between the human and chimpanzee fossil record, since adaptations for bipedality have tr 
have traditionally been taken to define human ancestors from those of the other african apes. i 
 recover energy when running on springy running tracks. to study these we will use a relatively 
se data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and between joints in sit 
11309 6  will aid interpretation of the miocene fossil record and the evolution of locomotor diversity  
to some extent since the split from the old world monkeys is key to the distinction between the 
nction between the human and chimpanzee fossil record, since adaptations for bipedality have tr 
have traditionally been taken to define human ancestors from those of the other african apes. i 
 recover energy when running on springy running tracks. to study these we will use a relatively 
se data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and between joints in sit 
11831 6  will aid interpretation of the miocene fossil record and the evolution of locomotor diversity  
to some extent since the split from the old world monkeys is key to the distinction between the 
nction between the human and chimpanzee fossil record, since adaptations for bipedality have tr 
have traditionally been taken to define human ancestors from those of the other african apes. i 
 recover energy when running on springy running tracks. to study these we will use a relatively 
se data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and between joints in sit 
10181 2 of sheffield and east anglia, where the laboratory studies will be carried out and from where t 
ly changing environment - either due to climate change or habitat loss.  
11764 3 plexes evolved through time and whether common factors were involved in each of the independent 
on animal locomotion, palaeobiology and evolutionary biology and will be of broad interest not  
d will be of broad interest not only to life scientists, but also to physical scientists dealin 
11653 1 the ear region and the structure of the inner ear will provide a wealth of new character inform 
517 1 lic action in favour of biodiversity in rural areas is part of the objectives at stake defined  
10563 6                    animals that live in cooperative societies face inherent conflicts of intere 
which reproduction is distributed among group members. a large number of evolutionary models ha 
s species is unusual because nearly all adult females in each group give birth together in the  
dults of both sexes. we have shown in a pilot study that we can use short-acting contraceptive  
nses to the manipulation, combined with genetic analyses of maternity, reproductive success and 
eproduction and variation in individual social behaviour, a important but untested assumption o 
11690 6                    animals that live in cooperative societies face inherent conflicts of intere 
which reproduction is distributed among group members. a large number of evolutionary models ha 
s species is unusual because nearly all adult females in each group give birth together in the  
dults of both sexes. we have shown in a pilot study that we can use short-acting contraceptive  
nses to the manipulation, combined with genetic analyses of maternity, reproductive success and 
eproduction and variation in individual social behaviour, a important but untested assumption o 
11435 9  theory for explaining the evolution of social behaviour in organisms. the theory is based on t 
e theory is based on the application of natural selection theory to the genes that influence so 
tion theory to the genes that influence social behaviour, where social behaviour includes both  
 that influence social behaviour, where social behaviour includes both cooperation and conflict 
ict. it proposes that individuals value one another in proportion to their genetic relatedness, 
ce they share the genes influencing the social behaviour. because of its fundamental basis, and 
iduals, and/or the overall costs to the social group of conflict behaviour. the second explanat 
 second explanation is that individuals social behaviour is driven by direct benefits to determ 
standing of the evolutionary ecology of social behaviour.  
7490 5 on of bio-fuels competes with areas for food production and nature. moreover, intensified land  
ction and nature. moreover, intensified land use reduces soil biodiversity and the resulting ec 
 biodiversity surveys to construct soil food web models and determine effects of changing soil  
 consequences for outbreaks of pests or invasive species. soilservice will link ecological and  
m services during different pressure of land use and changes in soil biodiversity. field and mo 
15240 1 er to develop into fertile queens while adult females for the use of ant microarray. finally, t 
13337 3 by delivering dissemination tools which policy makers and conservation managers can convenientl 
. wp5 will provide a knowledge pack and information leaflets, translated into the main european 
ortal and will be guided by an end-user advisory group, who will oversee the development of the 
15241 2                  ecological research in coastal waters has experienced a great development in r 
l contribute to a more holistic view of coastal waters ecology.  
10279 6 anisms have a planktonic phase in their life history and spend the first days or weeks of their 
vantages. perhaps most importantly, its natural history is relatively easy to model which lends 
 modelled larval dispersal and observed genetic diversity. we have sampled the genetic diversit 
 genetic diversity. we have sampled the genetic diversity of m. annularis throughout the caribb 
d will compare the observed patterns of gene flow to predicted levels of larval connectivity. i 
opriate algorithms for the selection of marine reserve networks.  
7433 6      . analyze and compare the level of genetic diversity in rivers of the northern pas de cala 
 of different wetland types in terms of genetic diversity, -to define management recommendation 
into account both species diversity and genetic diversity of populations, -to prioritize restor 
ions in terms of ecological benefit for genetic diversity. assistance requested focuses on the  
l student, on charges of experiments in molecular biology and travel expenses  
of experiments in molecular biology and travel expenses  
7155 1  this project is part of the problem of land use changes due to intensified human pressures on  
10267 9 nisms to reduce, or even eliminate, the negative effects of a parasite. some of these genes are 
eptible at another. in other words some resistance genes are only functional in particular envi 
ent times. these differences are due to individual variation in the genes controlling traits su 
such as growth and flowering time. such genetic variation is crucial to a populations ability t 
 different genes changes as a result of environmental factors such as temperature we know that  
, consistently less able to function at high temperatures, then it will mean a functional decre 
n it will mean a functional decrease in genetic variation for resistance at these higher temper 
eractions. it will do this by measuring genetic variation in parasite resistance in different p 
tempts to develop strategies for secure food production in future climates.  
10185 1 erent levels of sexual selection impact genetic diversity. using experimental evolution in the  
13879 3 bee populations. through its effects on farming practices and landscape heterogeneity, agricult 
 bee species, the mechanisms by whereby farming practices and landscape complexity affects spec 
rces determine bee foraging success and population growth. the results will be used to propose  
15000 8                        it is known that genetic diversity provides advantages at several levels 
itness compared to the homozygous ones. social groups do better when genetic variability produc 
ies genetically diverse may have higher growth rates and lower extinction risks. however, there 
n patterns, our aim is to work on those intriguing questions by means of an observational and e 
 interested in knowing in which way the genetic diversity of these metapopulations is affected  
distribution of the subpopulations, the ecological niche width, the generation time, the intera 
ations, the ecological niche width, the generation time, the interaction with other organisms,  
s. our interest in the investigation of genetic diversity and the factors ruling it is due to i 
14947 6                                         evolutionary processes responsible for the maintenance  
 the maintenance of natural features of red deer populations greatly depend upon the way in whi 
rd that the polygynous mating system of red deer may lead to more differences between the sexes 
olded by variations in populational and environmental factors, and that reproductive strategies 
ng system and the degree of polygyny in red deer: 1 evolutionary consequences that entail difer 
n guarantee the preservation of iberian red deer as an element of wild faunas in spain.  
14752 1 , key factor in the conservation of the freshwater fish populations. the aims of this study wil 
7220 4 abundant and very often in contact with human populations, seabirds have always been operated o 
accessible to men. the objective of our research proposal is to identify the conservation statu 
e regularly poached without sustainable management method. still others are the basis of a reas 
birds in the region while improving the living conditions of coastal populations, particularly  
13751 3 mance in those habitats are crucial for population dynamics and the understanding of how animal 
ology but also for the understanding of population dynamics and how animals vary in space and t 
on is increasingly important today when human activities and environmental change may result in 
14897 1 ty conservation as the basis to prepare management tools to be transferred to the epo of the pr 
2159 3  conflicts around designation of nature conservation areas are seldom founded on disagreement a 
work, especially between biologists and social sciences. a broad spectrum of theoretical approa 
tween biologists and social sciences. a broad spectrum of theoretical approaches is needed in o 
7471 3 by delivering dissemination tools which policy makers and conservation managers can convenientl 
. wp5 will provide a knowledge pack and information leaflets, translated into the main european 
ortal and will be guided by an end-user advisory group, who will oversee the development of the 
6942 7  different distribution types. the main basic research questions are: - can we justify the taxo 
 of the t. prevostianus - t. danubialis mitochondrial gene-tree - how large is the intraspecifi 
 of bythinella pannonica, where are the hot spots' of this diversity, are there divergent intra 
h was launched in 2005 by the hungarian natural history museum and it has some connecting point 
t international projects. introducing a graduate student into conservation biology and molecula 
e student into conservation biology and molecular phylogenetics contributes to the growth of th 
netics contributes to the growth of the research community. considering that two of the species 
13529 3  such programs should be designed. this research program aims at producing scientific informati 
 of three critically endangered swedish freshwater fish species . analyses of new and previousl 
ion structure, monitoring of changes in genetic variation, detection of hybridization and inbre 
225 3                             maintaining genetic diversity belongs to the most important aspects 
st important aspects in conservation of endangered species. on the other hand, species consist  
 value since it enables to plan further conservation measures for these species. secondly, the  
9916 3  an essential tool in the management of endangered species such as the green turtle . in order  
ement of endangered species such as the green turtle . in order to refine this analysis, we wil 
describe genetic structure and quantify gene flow within and among african populations. we will 
14829 6                                     the genetic analyses of endangered species can contribute t 
                the genetic analyses of endangered species can contribute to the knowledge of t 
ation, to determine the contribution of genetic factors to the probability of extinction and to 
 make inferences on the demographic and evolutionary processes suffered by these species. durin 
 test hypotheses on the demographic and evolutionary processes that affected the species in the 
tic tags. finally, we will contrast the population dynamics inferred from the genetic patterns  
14945 2 s such as effective population size and gene flow between populations. this genetic survey of i 
her degree of protection, as from their genetic diversity and divergence.  
13414 1 titled ‘community based conservation of domestic animal genetic resources’ in ankara province a 
14515 3 ption of conservation as a tool to gain environmental health; clearly enhancing, also, the inte 
terest of the heronry for ecoturism and local residents, since facilitates, if necessary, the u 
recting measures to preserve the lake s natural resources. by carrying out an adequate program  
13413 1 ivo method in lalahan central livestock research institute.  
13416 1 ntitled community based conservation of domestic animal genetic resources in amasya province an 
15431 1  to make distribution models of several bird species in wintering grounds of the iberian penins 
13412 3 nched in 1995 by general directorate of agricultural research and lalahan livestock central res 
 research and lalahan livestock central research institute. within this project native black is 
u in vitro at lalahan livestock central research institute and in situ at çamlıdere village in  
12174 1                                    this research projects seeks to review current knowledge of  
12561 1 ientific matters concerning whaling and whale populations in order that policy can effectively  
6962 4 ogenetic methods for the conservational phylogenetic reconstruction, but it also extends our kn 
cond in a phylogenetic journal and on a evolutionary biology conference. besides the scientific 
e leading-edge researches at centre for plant diversity and systematics' research group at univ 
re for plant diversity and systematics' research group at university of reading, and he would l 
6959 14                                         negative effects of the human land use results in habit 
          negative effects of the human land use results in habitat destruction and seriously e 
terest only can survive in biodiversity hot spots; others can find their habitats in degraded a 
s known about their genetic background. genetic diversity, as well as species diversity has bee 
tem resistance to disturbances, such as climate change, and, in certain biotopes, it has been s 
een shown to provide protection against invasive species. the aim of this project is the evalua 
uation of ecological, morphological and genetic diversity in biodiversity hotspots and human in 
t complexes of the pannonian ecoregion. genetic diversity will be assessed by means of differen 
results of this project will reveal the genetic diversity of selected endemic plants and animal 
iversity of selected endemic plants and animal species characteristic of the pannonian ecoregio 
the forecast the loss of ecological and genetic diversity due to intensification of land use an 
tic diversity due to intensification of land use and climate change in terrestrial and aquatic  
 due to intensification of land use and climate change in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems wi 
servation to better focus financial and human resources, and reshape, if necessary, conservatio 
7711 5 the pac advance towards deregulation of agricultural markets and substitution of agricultural p 
arkets and substitution of agricultural price supports by direct aid. criticized for its cost t 
aries of the markets, the pac is on the hot seat. intensive production models, which has specia 
opments planned, the orientation of the operating systems to the production of public goods tha 
ciplinarity and european comparisons of operating systems and agricultural policies  
14654 2 ments with the cuckoo and its host will take place in their natural habitat, and those with the 
o and its host will take place in their natural habitat, and those with the pin-tailed whydah a 
2526 7 ffects of petroleum hydrocarbons in the marine ecosystem. this allows for the simultaneous anal 
of the combined impact of fisheries and petroleum industry activities on the marine ecosystem w 
nd petroleum industry activities on the marine ecosystem with the potential to include other pe 
 experts in ecology, ecotoxicology, and risk assessment from 16 institutes and 8 nations. it is 
om 16 institutes and 8 nations. it is a follow-up to an industry financed project to create the 
uncil of norway, together with matching financial support from one end-user community, initiate 
m one end-user community, initiates the first step of this three step process: system construct 
7103 5 g on the organization and regulation of rural areas at the interface of biodiversity conservati 
 areas at the interface of biodiversity conservation issues and development of agriculture. the 
e address the political, scientific and technological innovation process, paying particular att 
 working on the interaction between our social science research and management of wolf populati 
g the issues of interaction between our social science research and management of wolf populati 
10436 1 resources within the context of generic conceptual models for which new hypotheses have been de 
2014 2                                         tropical forests are astonishingly rich in tree species 
s. this may be inadequate, because most tropical forest tree species are dispersed by frugivoro 
12348 2  with contaminated dredged material and educational campaign. to assess the current state of th 
ntaminated dredged material and collate case studies of best practice. task: identify best prac 
12611 4 he relative economic, environmental and social costs and benefits may or may not be suitable to 
on contaminated land, rather than using heavy engineering solutions. for example, land use rest 
avy engineering solutions. for example, land use restrictions might be applied to ensure a site 
ded benefits in terms of costs or wider environmental impacts they could bring. this will be us 
10622 3  produce or they can vary the amount of parental care they provide to the two sexes. research h 
. research has focused on the amount of parental care parents provide to different sexed offspr 
 male and female parents adopt the same investment strategy.  
11027 2 cing biotic response on a global scale. short term ecological data have only been accumulating  
ng regional changes of modern caribbean coral reef systems.  
11070 1  flux of carbon occurring directly from plant roots and indirectly from closely associated micr 
10404 3 d the extent to which it is mediated by soil conditions, such as physical and chemical properti 
 a series of mesocosms in which defined plant communities of known genetic and species composit 
 - a natural and easily distinguishable carbon isotope - to enable us to quantify the amount of 
7534 1 uences to deduce apparentements between host plants. the phylogeny of the sequences present in  
7381 1 he role of transposable elements in the genetic diversity of maize and its evolution will be ev 
7414 2 eral decades, a significant decrease in pollinating insects is observed. the honeybee is partic 
 essential to maintaining the bee. this research project proposes firstly to diagnose spatiotem 
12758 1  improve the conservation status of the hen harrier in the english uplands  
12714 3 be managed for defra by the sustainable development programme officer based in the embassy in b 
f the brazilian protected areas for the national economy in order to help better integrating co 
 brazilian government to understand the economic benefits of investing in the establishment of  
14639 1 in-protein interactions in the proposed experimental models in relation to their influence in t 
12720 1 ssment of the condition of biodiversity action plan priority woodland sites and annex 1 types a 
15224 3 d in subsequent years for this or other research groups. finally, provide a comprehensive annex 
ensive annex of recommended methods for population control, in detail in reference to food habi 
o food habits of each species, types of life cycles . in this connection, it will generate a bi 
14888 2 he named inhalants or aeroallergens, as pollen grains, fungi spores, mites of the dust or feath 
y by scanning electronic microscope the pollen grains and other particles present in the sample 
15483 8  our understanding of evolution through natural selection and it is a much debated topic in evo 
ction and it is a much debated topic in evolutionary biology. cooperative breeding occurs when  
litate other forms of cooperation among group members that may in turn boost the benefits of gr 
ial relationships and cooperation among group members outside the context of breeding has been  
 on several forms of cooperation in the carrion crow corvus corone, where helping behaviour at  
the nest has been deeply studied by our research group in the last few years. this project will 
 over competition in several aspects of social life in the crows. specifically, we will test wh 
ehaviour during foraging and the use of alarm calls to warn other individuals about possible da 
11322 1 e activities than others answering this intriguing question is one of the key challenges facing 
11144 8 a fundamental and persistent problem in evolutionary biology. natural selection is expected to  
istent problem in evolutionary biology. natural selection is expected to select for selfish beh 
er and to do less themselves. hence, in social groups, cooperative behaviour will be vulnerable 
 such as fish stocks or failure to curb carbon emissions are obvious examples. an extensive the 
ent. 2. when individuals must achieve a good reputation through cooperation in order to maximis 
weaver of southern africa to test these alternative hypotheses for resolution of a tragedy of t 
d most importantly, this study will use field observations and experiments to test whether a tr 
tudy will have broad relevance across a wide range of disciplines.  
10315 13 ich could potentially replace dwindling fish catches elsewhere. it helps stabilise the global c 
tches elsewhere. it helps stabilise the global climate by absorbing greenhouse gases and it sup 
abilise the global climate by absorbing greenhouse gases and it supplies some of the key nutrie 
e is strong evidence that risk posed by climate change is more severe and imminent for the sout 
n ocean ecosystem than almost any other marine ecosystem. this threatens the ecosystem s abilit 
 benefits it provides. this requires an international effort to bring together scientists with  
ping closer coordination with other key international bodies. activities addressing the second  
f knowledge on environmental change and biological responses, and produce initial projections o 
 and produce initial projections of the biological response to climate change. the second works 
ojections of the biological response to climate change. the second workshop, for which we are r 
efforts to predict how the structure of food webs responds to change and produce projections of 
o change and produce projections of how food webs might change in future. these workshops shoul 
nable fisheries management. we are at a critical point in the development of iced, where we nee 
7453 3 onmental limits of microbial, plant and animal life and the novel strategies employed for survi 
ing the possibilities for life on other planetary bodies. these environments are also a rich so 
dialogue with other science areas, with funding agencies, with industrial groups and with inter 
7515 1 pulations of dusky groupers, iconic and endangered species of the mediterranean, in a dual obje 
13821 3 as are developed further in a series of experimental studies on young brown trout and salmon. p 
series of experimental studies on young brown trout and salmon. part 1: we investigate how fami 
ed in simple habitats will show reduced brain development, lower capacity to perform complex fo 
11587 3 ystems . this project also represents a unique opportunity, to more fully utilise a nerc oceans 
ogram with the additional collection of acoustic sonar backscatter, visual observations of seab 
er, visual observations of seabirds and marine mammals, vocalisations of cetaceans, fishery obs 
11564 2 nificantly affected by local and global human activities into biodiversity-ecosystem functionin 
o biodiversity-ecosystem functioning in marine sediments.  
2483 16                                tropical coral reefs are the most diverse and complex marine hab 
 reefs are the most diverse and complex marine habitats on earth. no other environment is host  
e time, biological knowledge about most coral reef fishes is scant. this is unfortunate, especi 
, biological knowledge about most coral reef fishes is scant. this is unfortunate, especially i 
ght of the fact that 60% of the world's coral reefs are at risk from human activity. we current 
he world's coral reefs are at risk from human activity. we currently do not understand why cora 
ity. we currently do not understand why coral reef fishes are typically so colourful. tradition 
e currently do not understand why coral reef fishes are typically so colourful. traditionally,  
. traditionally, the view has been that reef fish colours are selected mainly for species recog 
 groups, has largely been neglected for coral reef fishes. unlike species recognition and other 
s, has largely been neglected for coral reef fishes. unlike species recognition and other hypot 
t will test these ideas, by integrating field studies, laboratory experiments, and comparative  
se ideas, by integrating field studies, laboratory experiments, and comparative analyses. the p 
 marine fishes, australian expertise in reef fish ecology and physiology, and british expertise 
work will be conducted at lizard island research station, australia, using the black-and-gold c 
and on published data, covering several reef fish taxa, and will have its base at imperial coll 
13407 1 rent regions of turkey and they send to gene bank of turkey.  
10653 3 lies are an intriguing study object for evolutionary biology, because unrelated lineages have a 
 studies it is well known that a single genetic locus controls the expression of different morp 
rol functions on a molecular level. the first step is to obtain more information about the regu 
11274 4                          the vertebrate inner ear is a complex structure that incorporates the  
ing of an organism: unsurprisingly, the inner ears of living vertebrates have been studied inte 
 have been investigated thoroughly. the soft tissues are housed in bony structures that form pa 
nt of new anatomical information on the inner ears of living reptiles and birds, which will be  
10073 5 ly associated. a classic example is the trade-off between reproduction and longevity in fruitfl 
ction and longevity in fruitflies. this trade-off is thought to exist because food resources ar 
 the mechanisms underlying life-history trade-offs in male and female fruitflies. the recent re 
 nerc s remit in promoting high quality basic research and training. the research will be based 
cale. the outputs will be high quality, basic research, dissemination of the results and resear 
10635 11 ring adulthood. in species that provide parental care offspring are usually reared together in  
velopment takes place. however, because parental care is costly to parents , which affects the  
e-history traits and behaviours such as growth rates, clutch size, sexual attractiveness and be 
ich is determined by the relatedness of family members and the availability of key resources in 
sequences of conflict. previous work on zebra finches by the author showed that, although recei 
tress, which occurs when high levels of free radicals, which are by-products of normal metaboli 
high levels of free radicals, which are by-products of normal metabolic processes, cause damage 
tection against the damaging effects of free radicals. an important component of total antioxid 
antioxidant availability determines the trade-off between self-maintenance and investment in gr 
cted at the institute of biological and life sciences at the university of glasgow, using zebra 
ces at the university of glasgow, using zebra finches taeniopygia guttata as a model species.  
10229 4 ness as adults. in species that provide parental care dependent young are often reared together 
h and development takes place. however, parental care is costly and parents often initially ove 
e supply of parental investment amongst family members. the amount of resources provided by par 
mprove environment through compensatory resource allocation this work will highlight key select 
178 2  a is oxidative stress accompanied with immune responses energetically costly, b is oxidative s 
duction is responsible for the costs of immune response, d whether and how oxidative stress aff 
11436 1 t the maintenance and activation of the immune system is costly. however, recent studies sugges 
12598 3 ver materials has almost ceased but the growing media industry is still heavily dependent on pe 
by the industry to move to reduced peat growing media and peat-free formulations where possible 
within the industry will be approached: growing media manufacturers, retailers . the informatio 
12667 7 assessment of the status, condition and long term trends in broad habitats, landscape features, 
 component of the evidence base for the natural resource protection programme and supports poli 
ustainable development, uk biodiversity action plan, cap reform, agri-environment schemes, envi 
, cap reform, agri-environment schemes, environmental impact assessment, air pollution impacts, 
hemes, environmental impact assessment, air pollution impacts, water framework directive, soil  
 framework directive, soil strategy and climate change programme. new methods of data collectio 
limate change programme. new methods of data collection and analysis will be developed and appl 
10042 3 y important species and assume that the conservation measures also protect other components of  
es that many species can complete their life cycle in the area preserved. an alternative paradi 
are subject to management intervention. coral reefs of the western atlantic provide an exceptio 
7195 3 fication and abandonment, have led to a significant change in biodiversity, common bird populat 
nificant change in biodiversity, common bird populations are particularly affected. this erosio 
ractions between types and intensity of farming practices and abundance of common birds are com 
10726 8 brought to the attention of the world s scientific community only two years after publication o 
ng approach. in some respects we know a good deal about archaeopteryx. it is the most basal bir 
l, wings with asymmetrical, aerodynamic flight feathers but clawed hands, an elongated tail and 
p, or did it live in the trees could it run up tree trunks flapping its wings like partridges d 
id it live in the trees could it run up tree trunks flapping its wings like partridges do are c 
 its feeding behaviour, ecology and the selective pressures driving cranial evolution. the aim  
y of cranial bone, force exerted by the adductor muscles and use ct scans to accurately reconst 
sulting information can be used to make extinct animal fe-models as rigorous as possible based  
7495 1 e a microbial observatory mediterranean north-west, a collection of microorganisms and a databa 
14427 5                                         animal experiments are essential part of modern biomedi 
 public preasure for humane tratment of laboratory animals, governmental regulations and the es 
es and technology the use of animals in biomedical research is expected to grow and reach 100.0 
esearchers from medical, veterinary and biological research institutions the opportunity to per 
opportunity to perform state-of-the-art animal experiments. further if funded this project shal 
10508 1 nomists and taxonomy end-users from the natural history museum, royal botanic gardens kew and i 
10509 1 nomists and taxonomy end-users from the natural history museum, royal botanic gardens kew and i 
10706 1 nomists and taxonomy end-users from the natural history museum, royal botanic gardens kew and i 
11007 1 nomists and taxonomy end-users from the natural history museum, royal botanic gardens kew and i 
515 4 r research aims to understand how these control mechanisms for a wolf population in france conn 
the interaction between our research in social sciences and the managers of wolf populations, a 
ction questions between our research in social sciences and the management of wolf populations  
anagement of wolf populations is a very important element in our approach. the aim is to experi 
229 1 ater properties compile sd handbook and training courses. the new sd is result of cooperation o 
11455 2  to nanomicron scale, and by controlled laboratory experiments. the final objective is to explo 
on mars: rounded pebbles plus iron rich mineral phases, laid down in a high-energy, poorly-oxyg 
1927 1 etermine the potential for manipulating crop diversity as a means of introducing antagonistic m 
6895 5 h mutant have recently been reported as live vaccines capable of eliciting an efficient immune  
cines capable of eliciting an efficient immune response against not only the homologous, but he 
equently, antigenity of conserved outer membrane proteins is elevated resulting in the producti 
encoding lps-synthesis as well as their gene products are well characterized, we aim to constru 
be selected and further investigated as live vaccine candidates.  
444 1 atic grid made of 15500 2x2 km squares. biodiversity indicators were provided by the french bre 
7160 4 a such as the opening of the landscape, urban sprawl of the agricultural landscape, agricultura 
namic data confrontation regarding both bird populations and land use structures will make proj 
ion regarding both bird populations and land use structures will make projections to assess the 
 projections under scenarios of various urban development. the same type of approach will be us 
10239 1 s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by 
10748 1 s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by 
10750 1 s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by 
11717 1 s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by 
11036 5 . although these countries do have vast oil reserves . the objective of this research is to und 
tively significant in the conversion of crude oil to methane and what factors dictate their act 
n to assess the geochemical controls on crude oil biodegradation in petroleum reservoirs on geo 
ey can convert oil to methane and other end products, information that can ultimately be used t 
ely be used to predict the behaviour of crude oil in a range of environments.  
11337 5  crab gecarcoidea natalis is an endemic land crab on christmas island determining the role of m 
ormone physiology to field ecology. the molecular biology will be related through field work to 
lecular biology will be related through field work to the natural circumstances and behaviour.  
alue. they are a primary determinant of rain forest structure and crucial in post-mining rehabi 
d and its economy. through liaison with national parks this project will continue our input int 
10138 2 ices. the basal regions of glaciers and ice sheets are a prime example of such environments. he 
 autonomous sensing platform for a deep ice sheet deployment.  
7506 1                unicellular algae play a vital role in the ecology of the planet, and, due to th 
14950 4 aggregate of ursus arctos in the world. germplasm banks could be a solution for species surviva 
shment, sperm cryopreservation plays an important role. thus, we propose the development and va 
idation of an effective methodology for brown bear sperm cryopreservation. the assisted reprodu 
r the correct sperm cryopreservation in brown bear ejaculates. first of all, we propose the eva 
7539 1 nd the location of mother plants on the survival rate of latent buds cryopreserved  
9867 2  a good model system for studying these evolutionary processes in the wild. the cuckoo is a fam 
ch will improve our understanding of co-evolutionary processes, revealing how adaptations at on 
10593 2 ween species often involve evolutionary arms races, eg. improvements in strategies of attack by 
o is a famous cheat: it relies on other bird species learning by cuckoos: we have discovered th 
10059 7 s arise during evolution is currently a hot topic in biology. in particular, there is great int 
ticular, there is great interest in the genetic changes that underlie adaptations. this is impo 
e, this is a very favourable system for genetic analysis since the genetic basis of the skin co 
well understood in vertebrates. in this pilot study we propose to use next-generation sequencin 
olour variation based on differences in gene expression and sequence variation. the identificat 
quence variation. the identification of strong candidate loci for the coloration difference whi 
at use to the considerable community of evolutionary biologists working on cuckoos. we will als 
2473 7 al interest since they are used against gastric ulcer in mali and they form parts of formulatio 
of formulations frequently used against gastric ulcer registered as improved traditional medici 
st gastric ulcer registered as improved traditional medicines a large proportion of the populat 
 ailment, and it is of interest for the health department of mali, with department of tradition 
 department of mali, with department of traditional medicine as the active part, to ensure avai 
s based on the malian resources against gastric ulcer. the main objectives are structure/activi 
m malian anti-ulcer plants coupled with animal studies of the bioactive polymers and cultivatio 
11387 2 norfolk broads saw a shift from a clear water system dominated by charophytes, macrophytes and  
cological benefit and design options. a risk assessment will be made relating to the spreading  
2542 5 and actions of different stakeholders - local populations, governments, local authorities and e 
lders - local populations, governments, local authorities and environmental ngos . using long-t 
munities in northern norway to tropical rain forests, from savannahs and mountain pastures to i 
tain pastures to industrial farming and urban sprawls in order to ascertain how people diagnose 
lytic approach will address a number of central issues in recent debates in environmental anthr 
12200 1  with existing landscape monitoring and research projects vi.be consistent with the european la 
15522 3  and net primary production at a higher spatial resolution requires knowledge of the factors wh 
e to reduced water availability owed to global warming, which is further enhanced by increased  
e stand level due to the recent lack of forest management. specifically, the four objectives of 
15056 1  of biofilms from rivers, through three different approaches: to analyze the cyanobacterial bio 
9908 2 ta suggests that horizontal transfer of genetic information is important both in the generation 
 the generation and maintenance of this genetic diversity. we have also shown that about 60% of 
13792 2 or cell respiration, the main source of energy production in eukaryotes. selection is strong fo 
nderstanding reproductive isolation and genetic diversity in natural populations.  
13316 5 tions, and warn of new sightings; and c risk assessments that predict the likelihood of a parti 
on. such a programmes should provide: a warning system to alert regional managers an inventory  
 europe european invasive alien species information system: descriptions of all naturalized ali 
 known to be invasive in europe species distribution maps and spatial analysis: distribution ma 
distribution maps and spatial analysis: distribution maps of all invasive alien species in euro 
10304 3 ely increased volume of data across the biological sciences, including on the biology of organi 
of genes is generated by well-resourced research communities. if we want to study the genetics  
ree nerc-funded projects. combining the data analyses from these separate projects is an effici 
12565 2 th the aim of developing an appropriate research programme to quantify the effects in salmonid  
ntify the effects in salmonid and other freshwater fish populations.  
11038 3 raceae family into a publicly available online resource for the asteraceae research community.  
able online resource for the asteraceae research community. this will add around 11,000 sequenc 
mmonality/divergence between asteraceae family members.  
10947 2 t the embryo and juvenile stages of the life cycle using an observational and hypothesis testin 
ome sequence to identify orthologues of gene loci involved in muscle growth in mammals. computa 
12253 1 more readily known and available to the research community for possible additional uses.  
12237 8 n and flexibility necessary to inform a wide range of policy questions now and for the future.  
d pest levels and agronomic practice in winter wheat and winter oilseed rape. the databases gen 
mic practice in winter wheat and winter oilseed rape. the databases generated currently hold up 
ence of pests and diseases on wheat and oilseed rape. the monitoring initiatives will be contin 
istically robust source of evidence for policy making which aims to mitigate the impacts of cro 
 key resource for monitoring impacts of climate change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator 
continue existing collaborations with a wide range of defra and levy funded research and indust 
mples or data to support monitoring for food safety, development and validation of models for d 
12427 2 raining will provide a high standard of data collection, the development of a new database will 
roject will enable the mcs to carry out data collection independently, to a higher quality and  
11150 3                                         radiocarbon dating replaced them, and the age of the ea 
 thought by many to be made by incoming modern humans, are three such problems. we aim to contr 
ncluding human bone, cutmarked bone and diagnostic tools and ornaments. the sites come from ger 
10302 10                                         cave art is one of the few sources of archaeological in 
to discussions of cultural responses to climate change. while its specific meaning will probabl 
one of the core regions of palaeolithic cave paintings and engravings, the iberian peninsula. t 
sed pigments, and the majority of early rock paintings are either engravings with no pigments,  
gs are directly on, or are overlain by, calcium carbonate deposits similar to stalagmites and s 
at measures the ratio of uranium to its radioactive decay product thorium. thus a minimum or ma 
ecay product thorium. thus a minimum or maximum age can be calculated for the art, and by measu 
itions from warm to cold periods in the run up to the last glacial maximum have been revealed b 
t glacial maximum have been revealed by marine sediment and ice cores. we will compare the freq 
 hypothesis that the intensification of artistic expression in caves was a social response to a 
9928 3 t internal nodes. this may represent an adaptive radiation prompted by the key innovation of pl 
bilities presented by the appearance of major orders of core eudicots in the mid to late cretac 
l then allow us to explore the possible evolutionary processes involved. gene sequence data are 
11681 2  hominid found in africa and became the type specimen of australopithecus africanus. mining act 
ca, thereby improving the chronology of human evolution in africa, and the methods will be refi 
13788 7                                         forest management and fire suppression cause significan 
t management and fire suppression cause significant changes in the chemical and structural prop 
hanges in deadwood properties may imply significant changes in its decomposition rate, which af 
ich affects the total co2 emission from forest ecosystems. in fact, preliminary studies suggest 
s that are rare or declining in managed boreal forests, and whether forestry-induced changes in 
elevance for carbon dynamics in managed boreal forests, and may increase our understanding of w 
ervation, management and restoration of boreal forests.  
10172 1  preserved to provide information about plant communities from the past, however, under some ci 
11080 7  has a large random component. firstly, genetic diversity present within an ancestral species i 
mescales, such indirect inferences from genomic data are often the only way to study the proces 
ure and geographic separation. finally, gene flow or introgression between nascent species may  
ng time and the amount and direction of gene flow between them directly and exactly from genomi 
 between them directly and exactly from genomic data. these methods will be applied to genomic  
 data. these methods will be applied to genomic data from three island species of drosophila: d 
articular, we do not know how important gene flow during or after divergence has been. the new  
10646 6 ends in climate variability and to test climate models used to predict future climate change. d 
t climate models used to predict future climate change. detailed reconstruction of lead-lag rel 
links between regions in the context of global climate change. here we use an annually laminate 
etween regions in the context of global climate change. here we use an annually laminated sedim 
examine timings and rates of key abrupt climate changes across the lateglacial and early holoce 
significant interest and benefit to the scientific community of geologists and climatologists.  
13856 7 fluence both in regulating contemporary bird populations and in determining avian life history  
rd populations and in determining avian life history variation between species. however, nest p 
ong influence on bird numbers and avian life history evolution. rapid changes of predation rate 
pulations of willow- parus montanus and crested tits parus cristatus. in general, however, the  
linking predation and habitat change to population dynamics remain to be understood. in this pr 
st sites, predator protective cover and food supply through forest thinning for reproductive su 
s context, i will explore the effect of life history traits on the ability of individuals among 
11823 9 elopment, is pivotal to unravelling the evolutionary history of animals, and how changes to pat 
 of embryological data preserved in the fossil record. the outlook for evolutionary biology and 
d in the fossil record. the outlook for evolutionary biology and for palaeontology was changed  
l evolution at this critical episode of evolutionary history, but it is largely unrealised beca 
ssils will be aided by analysis using a high resolution version of a medical ct scanner, which  
dical ct scanner, which is powered by a particle accelerator and allows us to analyse the 3d an 
 internal structure, based on a virtual computer model. this allows us to analyse details of an 
h of a millimetre, revealing details of cell movements and even sub-cellular structure that are 
tal and most-debated episodes in animal evolutionary history: the establishment of the modern a 
1993 13                                  recent climate warming has been shown to advance the seasonal  
shown to advance the seasonal timing of life cycle events, such as budding of trees and egg lay 
 decoupling of trophic relationships in food webs and subsequent cascading effects on community 
 community structure. for the timing of life cycle events, such as emergence, moulting and sexu 
ment for their reproduction and growth. climate warming may change the validity of the proxies  
production and growth 2 could projected climate warming invalidate the use of these proxies and 
eractions 3 can adaptation to projected climate warming maintain or restore trophic interaction 
 restore trophic interactions the short generation time of the aquatic species and the availabi 
tcome of our studies will be useful for decision makers, as it contributes to assessing the env 
ers, as it contributes to assessing the environmental impact of projected climate change in aqu 
g the environmental impact of projected climate change in aquatic systems. the anticipated resu 
on the risk of cascading effects due to climate change and the potential for adaptation to rest 
the potential for adaptation to restore food web links.  
7302 3 s urgent the identification of the most endangered species and risk factors. island avifauna ha 
tion of the most endangered species and risk factors. island avifauna have strongly suffered fr 
ve strongly suffered from the impact of invasive species. this project, which includes the cons 
12033 4 ity of chemosynthetic ecosystems in the deep ocean discovered since 1977, the ecosystems associ 
reduced chemicals on oceanic ridges and continental margins are characterized by biological fea 
 geological corridors and frontiers, by current transport and the presence of transient habitat 
presence of transient habitats, rich in organic matter relationships between trophic network co 
12336 2 he deep-sea to assist in redefining the top levels of the eunis habitat classification scheme.  
 this work will aid the regional marine conservation zone projects in the identification of mcz 
12464 2 ctivity is the operating economy of the fishing fleet and simultaneous minimisation of fishing  
 fleet and simultaneous minimisation of fishing fleet determined.  
12465 1 ent objectives. it seeks to provide the decision maker with the information on which to base a  
7677 10 ecome a high-profile debate amongst the international community, illustrating the difficulty in 
measures for global fisheries. atlantic bluefin tuna are the archetype of overfishing and gener 
 characterize the majority of fisheries management problems: severe overcapacity, open access i 
nagement problems: severe overcapacity, open access in international waters, high market value, 
ms: severe overcapacity, open access in international waters, high market value, and deficient  
en access in international waters, high market value, and deficient governance at both the inte 
pment of several management options for bluefin tuna using classical and innovative techniques, 
l be developed that simulates realistic population dynamics of bluefin tuna and several managem 
ulates realistic population dynamics of bluefin tuna and several management options developed p 
 sustainable exploitation of a valuable natural resource.  
1952 6  function of incubation behavior in the great tit, with the aim to integrate this knowledge in  
ch is to link behavioral decisions on a short time base to the time budget, the energy balance  
short time base to the time budget, the energy balance and fitness consequences. we will 1 expe 
ubation in a latitudinal range of other great tit populations. to achieve this goal we will use 
f incubation both using measurements of oxygen consumption, doubly labeled water and a heated a 
y labeled water and a heated artificial brood patch. experimental manipulation of the thermal e 
11217 2 in environments, may have a distinctive base composition. are often carried on mobile genetic e 
omposition. are often carried on mobile genetic elements, and may be more readily transferred b 
11192 1 st, or is a hindrance by exposing it to solar radiation when it has left the insect. utilising  
11440 16 is event is known as the permo-triassic mass extinction and was the greatest calamity that ever 
that ever befell life on this planet. a wide range of theories have been put forward to explain 
n that an unusually large outpouring of volcanic rock, called the siberian traps occurred at al 
of large volumes of gases, particularly sulphur dioxide. the other well-documented event that c 
ides with the extinction is the loss of dissolved oxygen from the ocean. it is bacteria that ca 
e in oxygen as they use it to decompose organic matter and when the oxygen supply in the water  
o decompose organic matter and when the oxygen supply in the water runs out other types of bact 
 of these sulphate-reducing bacteria is hydrogen sulphide, the smelly gas also produced in rott 
ans dropped drastically just before the mass extinction whilst the amount of hydrogen sulphide  
he mass extinction whilst the amount of hydrogen sulphide rose dramatically. this was converted 
 mixing of the oceans may have released hydrogen sulphide to the atmosphere. both sulphur dioxi 
drogen sulphide to the atmosphere. both sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide can produce harmf 
he atmosphere. both sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide can produce harmful effects on plants 
oxide and hydrogen sulphide can produce harmful effects on plants and animals, either indirectl 
hur was around, prior to and during the mass extinction event. we will also measure its stable  
bacterial sources. when compared to the fossil record of plants and animals also present in the 
12682 1 to provide an agreed definition of this habitat type to aid ‘identification on the ground’; det 
7638 1  of viable populations in the short and long term, ii adapt them if necessary, iii initiate the 
11739 2 ron backscatter diffraction, a scanning electron microscope based method that allows quantitati 
data from experimental calibrations and field studies to constrain the conditions and rates of  
12246 3                                         oilseed rape to the osr r&d and breeding community, tog 
 associated information to enable rapid genetic analysis of sustainability traits. 4. to charac 
ctions in the context of adaptations to climate change and model predicted  
12264 1 vement network will be established, and genetic maps established for pulse crop species.  
12637 4 ill be assessed within the soil natural capital stocks and soil ecosystem services framework, a 
h half of england’s farmers having seen soil erosion on their land, which costs british agricul 
annually to the cost of supplying clean drinking water to our homes. moreover, the annual cost  
nking water to our homes. moreover, the annual cost of flooding due to soil degradation has bee 
11113 5        degradation of complex dissolved organic matter . this project will elucidate changes in 
accharide composition during sequential organic matter breakdown. in this context the role of p 
to biodegradation and biavailability of organic matter. the results of this research project wi 
 of organic matter. the results of this research project will benefit scientists investigating  
iety, pressure of coastal resources and climate change.  
164 1                                 natural environmental factors . all these systems will be analy 
12222 3 processes, which focus on rationalising pesticide use and minimising diffuse pollution. the fir 
e: weed manager, wheat disease manager, oilseed rape manager - pests and diseases. the decision 
that requires member states to set up a comprehensive system for advising farmers on land and f 
11328 1                            glaciers and ice sheets are one of the least explored parts of the e 
11594 1                            glaciers and ice sheets are one of the least explored parts of the e 
12449 2 tive: determine the stages in the early life history during which cod and haddock suffer differ 
with mortality at early stages plays an important role in controlling the recovery potential of 
14598 5 chromosomal markers in combination with capillary electrophoresis. this is a methodological str 
 economically viable for application in human population studies. its application in the analys 
types from strs-snps is examined. these high resolution haplotypes were defined after the combi 
spain, and is presented as an extensive pilot study which may be applied to other human populat 
lot study which may be applied to other human populations. the main objective of this study was 
7514 1 n the pre- breeding devices maintaining genetic diversity, changes in selected character and im 
15106 1 s one of the underlying factors driving plant evolution in mediterranean-type ecosystems. in th 
15107 1 s one of the underlying factors driving plant evolution in mediterranean-type ecosystems. in th 
15490 1 andard of results dissemination through scientific journals, presentations at congresses and co 
541 6 d the way environmental variability and climate change have affected and will affect ecosystems 
ogether french researchers working with long term data collected on individually marked animals 
 marked animals to study the effects of climate change on a range of vertebrate populations and 
ogists, organise a workshop and support field studies. several analyses on a series of vertebra 
le and small-scale climatic factors and population dynamics. in addition the climpop group has  
 a major methodological paper reviewing statistical models and procedures to study the influenc 
7126 8                              pop aircon working group brings together several french teams with 
r vertebrates living in terrestrial and marine environments. the goal is to bring these teams o 
sis to compare the potential effects of climate change on vertebrates with contrasting life his 
 change on vertebrates with contrasting life history traits and live in environments different. 
ents different. as part of the call for research proposals of the ifb we want to answer two que 
r groups are more likely than others to climate change according to their population strategy,  
ops that will bring together the entire air conditioning pop group and the best european specia 
ng together the entire air conditioning pop group and the best european specialists  
7187 1 rance specific or special adaptation of life history traits, also remains capable of establishi 
15160 2                            many spanish research groups have used demographic and population mo 
nt biological models and with different scientific questions. the project is based then on thre 
2118 2 socio-economically important non-timber tropical forest products – the brazil nut. these nuts a 
chanisms of brazil nut regeneration and population dynamics under natural conditions. this will 
14578 3  of the present project is to study the population dynamics of the brown seaweed fucus serratus 
ll compare the vital rates of different local populations along the distributional range of fuc 
anish shores . additionally, a study of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of popula 
15197 10   the nesting beaches of the loggerhead sea turtle caretta caretta in the north atlantic can be 
 in three units precisely identified by genetic markers: north-america and the caribbean, cape  
e juvenile foraging grounds. loggerhead sea turtles are highly vulnerable to incidental catch i 
ng pressure and the juvenile loggerhead sea turtles occurring in the mediterranean have a much  
 mediterranean have a much lower annual survival rate that those inhabiting the atlantic. the h 
e western mediterranean and the spanish fishing fleet is known to be the main responsible for t 
hat fishing effort. recent studies with genetic markers have demonstrated that large numbers of 
trated that large numbers of loggerhead sea turtles from florida occur in the fishing grounds u 
d sea turtles from florida occur in the fishing grounds used by the spanish long-line fleet in  
release rate of mortality of loggerhead sea turtles in the western mediterranean is 30%, but th 
1990 5 man society with high costs in terms of public health and in damage to agricultural crops. over 
r 60 years ago haldane pointed out that infectious diseases have the capacity to bring about ra 
 have the capacity to bring about rapid evolutionary change and genetic polymorphism of affecte 
l conditions are rare, even exceptional gene flow from the lake sediment. temperature in the la 
 fungus, and this in itself could steer clonal selection. a large viable population of host dia 
12772 3 ents and contaminants responsible for a wide range of off-site environmental problems in aquati 
esponsible for a wide range of off-site environmental problems in aquatic habitats. it is there 
concomitant need to off-set the loss of set-aside, as well as the need to support policy on agr 
11651 3       the negative relationship between population growth rate that concave-up relationships be 
egative relationship between population growth rate that concave-up relationships between pgr a 
ity are to be expected for species with life histories like those of fish and insects, concave- 
2094 2 e of populations and hence the units of population dynamics. however, the mechanism behind and  
e evaluated against a third large-scale field study that examine the importance of local vs. po 
7672 2  the world wide population will live in urban areas. while public, urban plannings are per se p 
will live in urban areas. while public, urban plannings are per se predictable; their consequen 
15511 1 aim of this proposal is to describe the signaling pathways that regulate the formation of body  
10764 3 ramics dating from the neolithic to the iron age is changing our perception of the origins of d 
f ancient proteins on both ceramics and stone tools. we are increasingly using analytical scien 
 of sites and periods from neolithic to iron age.  
7105 3 blic action in favor of biodiversity in rural areas is part of the issues identified in 1992 by 
al, strategies, systems, regulatory and financial instruments were broken down. since 2005, the 
. since 2005, the national biodiversity strategy calls for accelerating the process, with a com 
7706 3 of european agriculture is to reconcile agricultural production for various uses with respect f 
ut above that of pesticides. . finally, production costs will be analyzed in the same way that  
y and agroecology three institutions of higher education in agronomy and agriculture toulouse,  
12626 16                                         soil erosion in england and wales was not considered to 
d and wales was not considered to be an environmental problem until the 1970s. since then, a si 
 problem until the 1970s. since then, a significant amount of research has been conducted at a  
unt of research has been conducted at a wide range of locations in england and wales to quantif 
f these studies underline the fact that soil erosion rates may not be high, the consensus in th 
the consensus in the literature is that soil erosion in england and wales often occurs at an ac 
ent techniques have been used to assess soil erosion in england and wales. these include: direc 
 of erosion features through surveying, remote sensing and aerial photography of the extent of  
 catchments to observe erosion, tracing soil erosion using geochemical and radionuclide analysi 
ia detailed monitoring studies on small catchment areas. what is now required is a synthesis of 
hesis of all the information describing soil erosion in england and wales and a framework that  
 objectives to improve understanding of soil erosion in england and wales and to develop a way  
and to develop a way forward to monitor soil erosion. objective one will be to deliver an in-de 
y world-leading experts in the field of soil erosion, who have already contributed dozens of re 
ed dozens of research papers describing soil erosion in england and wales to the research liter 
a consensus as to how we should monitor soil erosion in the future. objective two will bring to 
12586 3 itoring information is required to help policy makers understand the current state of the envir 
to show how we are meeting national and international laws and agreements for protection the en 
t and implementation of future soil and environmental policy by providing evidence on the state 
12401 3 rioritise key ecosystem services in the marine environment and identify associated drivers for  
most likely changes in the state of the marine environment on an annual or 5-yearly basis up to 
arly basis up to 2030 starting from the base year 2007/08.  objective 5 – describe a framework/ 
12770 1 ction 78 of the natural environment and rural communities act 2006 defra authorises natural eng 
11563 5     everything that we consume leaves a chemical signal in our bones, which is a record of what 
an use this signal in the bones of past human populations to find out about their dietary habit 
h or stress, can subtly influence these chemical signals, known as stable isotopic values. in p 
. we will test our hypothesis on modern red deer, using a population in which we have already s 
rogen isotopic values in archaeological human populations could relate to pregnancy/lactation r 
10861 3  decay columns develop in less that one growing season. these decay columns are much longer tha 
 but only develop overtly when the high water content is removed. we want to test the hypothesi 
 method of placing wood chips onto agar culture media, presumably because propagules have not b 
11190 1 ns of the oceans using high performance-liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation - mass sp 
14906 4 n that facilitates the contamination of drinking water and food. the aims of the present resear 
water and food. the aims of the present research project are to detect and molecular characteri 
a of galicia, in order to determine the host range, the existence of new or previously describe 
 and their possible repercussion in the public health.  
15202 2 nile state, the introduction of massive date palm to the canarian archipelago, and a poor manag 
m. besides, there are not studies about gene flow within or among natural populations, as well  
15460 3  acrididae. our aim is 1 to analyse the genetic diversity in relation to population size and vi 
o deep into the effects of dispersal on genetic diversity and recovery of populations 3 to reco 
phenotypic variation in relation to the genetic diversity of populations. our intention is to d 
15128 3                             accelerated climate change and other important environmental change 
system is one of the most vulnerable to climate change. the purpose of this project is to study 
ell as their relevance as a response to climate change; and 4 identify phenological, physiologi 
14162 9  unexplained. due to their diversity of life history strategies, exploited ecological niches an 
y of life history strategies, exploited ecological niches and relative ease of achieving high s 
 melanin based defences in insects: the immune system and protective colouration which are link 
. phenoloxidase is involved in cellular immune responses and cuticular melanin synthesis and th 
is hypothesized to be caused by various trade-offs due to the multiple roles of melanins, n-lim 
factor which may affect investment into immune system could be the cleanness of the food - e.g. 
or never been used in this context. the trade-off hypothesis will be tested by a rearing experi 
e tested by a rearing experiment with a half-sib design which allows to estimate genetic correl 
y due to the increasing availability of phylogenetic trees. the hemolymph samples for immune as 
11605 2 female mating rate lies at the heart of evolutionary biology, as it determines the intensity of 
 of sexual selection and the pattern of gene flow within and between populations. this project  
9810 2 female mating rate lies at the heart of evolutionary biology, as it determines the intensity of 
 of sexual selection and the pattern of gene flow within and between populations. this project  
15519 3  the questions addressed by ecology and evolutionary biology require a good understanding of sp 
logy and evolutionary biology require a good understanding of species dispersal patterns. much  
 scenarios. in this proposal we use the common vole .  
14538 7 layers carried out by roots may have an important role in arid ecosystems where water is a limi 
ibution can be upwards , soil type, the organic matter content, the depth of water table, as we 
he organic matter content, the depth of water table, as well as the type of species, functional 
nd the growth season, and influence the water balance of other species. we propose carrying out 
cies. we propose carrying out field and laboratory experiments, using remote sensing and geogra 
field and laboratory experiments, using remote sensing and geographic information systems to an 
ts, using remote sensing and geographic information systems to analyse mechanisms of hydraulic  
13375 1 sistant species collected from zinc and lead mine and smelting areas were tested under growth c 
13428 1                in this study commercial sea cucumber stock will be investigated between ayvalık 
10968 1 n zooplankton production, examining how climate change may alter secondary production. although 
10390 1 thropogenic activities have resulted in significant changes to the hydromorphology following th 
11749 1 like single-celled organisms and to the physical oceanography of the region. this proposal for  
12265 3  of this comes from fermentation in the digestive tracts of animals, especially ruminants, and  
 around 20% from anaerobic digestion in liquid manure. there are essentially three routes throu 
cting key stakeholders with private and public interests in ruminant livestock breeding - could 
2536 4 e oceans, or penguins marching to their breeding grounds. swarms have marveled humans since daw 
her than experiments. this is changing. new technologies allow for tracking individuals, and re 
ective behavior repeatedly emerges from natural selection. collective behavior is central to su 
 example our understanding of migrating cancer cells, management of fish populations, or herd m 
12369 1 mation to enable defra to determine the economic costs and benefits to industry, regulators and 
10952 3           viruses are the most abundant biological agents in aquatic environments and possibly  
n the planet. algal viruses have a long evolutionary history; consequently, algal virus specifi 
ry; consequently, algal virus specified biochemical pathways and processes might represent extr 
12762 1 t they are an essential tool needed for pest control. previous investigations into snare use .  
10837 4  many offspring to produce and how much parental care to give, the sexes instead often disagree 
tead often disagree, and try to exploit one another for their own ends. examples of this sexual 
ng best suits males, as they provide no parental care and thus each extra mating results in the 
les and benefits males and is the first gene product shown to underlie sexual conflict in any s 
10329 4       theory predicts that the shape of trade-off curves are, in addition to the magnitude of t 
f extreme types. measuring the shape of trade-off relationships directly is therefore crucial b 
ource levels. we have also demonstrated genetic variation for resistance, a response to selecti 
e to measure the shape of the genotypic trade-off curve for resistance through selection in dif 
11509 1 se strains are also efficacious against insect pests. two independent consultants have establis 
11813 4 ith unprecedented large sample sizes or research groups in developing countries to carry out la 
arge sample sizes or research groups in developing countries to carry out large scale tracking  
fish. indeed, in the current context of climate change and overfishing, coastal seas are threat 
 needed for the effective management of marine ecosystems.  
10770 2 dictates the content in the atmospheric carbon dioxide, which has implication on the climate on 
 the oceanic carbonate system to future climate changes because the behaviour of the surface oc 
10565 3  their environments and, in the case of disease transmission, important for developing preventa 
he problem by building state-of-the-art computer models to simulate and test different network  
e a robust quantitative methodology for data collection.  
12651 1 the harvest of huntable birds and other bird species in the uk using data collected under exist 
12543 1 an make them difficult to detect; short generation times result in rapid population increases a 
12765 15 o facilitate the regional management of wild boar by providing local communities with advice an 
nd guidance on methods to control human-wild boar conflicts. worldwide, wild boar are associate 
l human-wild boar conflicts. worldwide, wild boar are associated with damage to crops, substant 
ial reduction of abundance of plant and animal species, spread of diseases, damage to livestock 
ehicle collisions. recently established wild boar populations in england are still localised an 
ndance and to detect range expansion of wild boar, evaluate a method to mitigate the impact of  
uate a method to mitigate the impact of wild boar and to develop methods to evaluate the impact 
velop methods to evaluate the impact of wild boar on the biodiversity of woodland habitats and  
ce, colonisation and range expansion by wild boar and to monitor wild boar population density,  
e expansion by wild boar and to monitor wild boar population density, size and change.the study 
the study will also assess the relative cost-effectiveness of each of the methods and their sui 
e risks associated with the presence of wild boar and by implementing methods to mitigate their 
nsure that potential, large-scale human-wild boar conflicts are prevented or contained before t 
rm to oversee the implementation of the action plan to manage wild boar in the uk.  
ementation of the action plan to manage wild boar in the uk.  
12386 2 al commitments. since early 2006 the uk government departments and agencies have adopted a new  
s to undertake this study and produce a first draft of a fit for purpose marine monitoring manu 
12380 1  a wider understanding of the health of marine ecosystems in relation to natural and anthropoge 
10173 3 eases fitness. in the common buzzard, a balanced polymorphism maintains a situation in which ch 
lity have become decoupled, providing a unique opportunity to examine the basis of mate choice. 
is proposal seeks to develop a panel of genetic markers suitable for determining parentage and  
11680 3 with a method that is currently used in forensic medicine to identify criminals. it involves am 
y criminals. it involves amplifying the genetic material of each virus and at the same time att 
hat are specific for each one. when the chemical reaction is finished, we can see how much of e 
6926 6 allel with the development of intensive poultry production, traditional hungarian poultry stock 
the national institute for agricultural quality control and breeding ngos - became the task of  
or this purpose a consortium of chicken gene bank breeders, organized by the breeding associati 
eding association decided to complete a project proposal containing four main tasks: 1. charact 
ngarian chicken breeds and varieties of gene banks and describe their production characteristic 
pe production. all r&d included in this project proposal is intended to conserve old traditiona 
12385 2 he merman database, implementation of a data management plan and transfer of quality controlled 
ta in a timely manner to ices and other third parties.  
10420 2 on summary for the linked proposals the carbon isotopes in protein that survives in archaeologi 
or from rivers or lakes. in such cases, radiocarbon dates are often erroneously old due to radi 
11389 2                                     the carbon isotopes in protein that survives in archaeologi 
or from rivers or lakes. in such cases, radiocarbon dates are often erroneously old due to radi 
12292 8 erotinia sclerotiorum continues to be a major problem for uk agriculture and horticulture. s. s 
and horticulture. s. sclerotiorum has a host range of more than 400 plant species and hence man 
ce many crops can be affected including oilseed rape, lettuce, carrot, vegetable brassicas, pea 
est sclerotinia levels ever recorded in oilseed rape and the trend for increasing sclerotinia i 
o continue because of the large area of oilseed rape grown, shorter crop rotations and inoculum 
rge area of oilseed rape grown, shorter crop rotations and inoculum build up in the soil as oth 
acterised s. sclerotiorum isolates from oilseed rape, lettuce and carrot crops from across the  
roject hh3230sfv demonstrated extensive genetic diversity in these s. sclerotiorum populations  
15393 1 e amount in parmelioid lichens yield an added value for several pharmaceutical areas and these  
12334 4 ear, the seabed surface for all english territorial waters and northern ireland territorial wat 
territorial waters and northern ireland territorial waters and uk offshore waters. key customer 
 identification and selection of marine conservation zones by regional mpa projects, in particu 
gional mpa projects, in particular reef habitat types.  
12470 5 evidence to improve the basis for using real time closures as a fisheries management measure. t 
mer purpose: it is expected that in the short term the results will improve the basis for the c 
 will improve the basis for the current real time closure mechanism operating in the north sea, 
 and longer term will contribute to the scientific evidence base on using rtcs as an effective  
rect impact on the effectiveness of the real time closure scheme currently operating in the nor 
12683 4                                    this research proposal is for an investigation to identify t 
oastal habitats at risk from effects of climate change, and to identify large scale opportuniti 
t of a framework and prototype tool for decision making and prediction of landscape and biodive 
reat sites under different scenarios of sea level rise.  
14826 1 f nuclear phylogenetic information at a broad spectrum of taxonomic levels in genisteae. a well 
14955 1 mountain ungulates distributed over the mountain ranges of southern europe, the taurus mountain 
15494 3            the fundamental goal of this research project is to study the effects caused by conc 
vertebrate species that will be used in laboratory experiments. subsequently, in the following  
ers for their subsequent publication in scientific journals of the science citation index.  
12570 2  study will also advise on research and data collection needs to improve the quality of further 
ilable for use in future management and research programmes.  
7575 2 lationship between spatial structure of genetic diversity and spatial characteristics of the en 
d made ​​available to the international scientific community  
10269 4 f environmental change and are indeed a driving force in global change. stable isotopes studies 
 scientific literature and presented at international conferences. opportunity for additional p 
ity for additional presentations to the general public is provided through collaboration with t 
provided through collaboration with the natural history museum s education department and parti 
10827 1 design a monitoring programme funded by central government. apart from its applied importance,  
12679 1 ey will then consult the scientific and policy making community, refine as required and produce 
12528 1 cales of the epidemic so as to optimise disease control and management • how do intervention st 
9960 3 iometers are used to measure accurately radiant flux across the band-pass of a filter placed in 
rch balloons and micro-satellites. e.g. remote sensing of forest health by using filters sensit 
n features in the chlorophyll spectrum, sea surface temperature from a micro-satellite or ship- 
7570 1 rently, in france, there is no scalable information system to gather and consult all informatio 
10485 1 gh throughput methodology for screening virus infections and immunities in wild plant and insec 
10144 2 r array. by coupling a tungsten halogen light source to the input of the sifts instrument via f 
 nm. the fundamental rotation-vibration absorption bands associated with gas molecules are, how 
9831 2 he distribution and diversity of mobile genetic elements , which play a critical role in gene d 
g plasmid distribution and diversity in natural habitats. secondly, the potential use of mges t 
12551 1 d naturally by the insect, derived from food sources or in the case of parasitoids and predator 
11118 9               this project represents a pilot project aimed at developing a new approach to the 
nd specific stable isotopic analysis of amino acids in proteinaceous materials. small, but char 
 can be measured using the technique of gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectr 
such as ecosystems or living organisms. amino acids and their biopolymers, peptides and protein 
e to the analytical chemist since their functional groups must be chemically derivatised prior  
for the gas chromatographic analysis of amino acids, all have drawbacks when applied to gc/c/ir 
ried out through analysis of individual amino acids and peptides. a crucial step will then be t 
y test a method which would then have a wide range of specific applications within the nerc rem 
species to dietary tracing experiments, food web elucidation and plant-soil interactions.  
11282 15                                         peat bogs, or more specifically ombrotrophic mires, are 
ophic mires, are extremely sensitive to climate change. precipitation is the only source of wat 
ulates into peat deposits. results from radiocarbon dating of these peat layers reveal the buil 
ate proxies, which can be used to study climate changes in the past. for example, macrofossils, 
mperatures given the current debates on global warming. where macrofossils are unidentifiable i 
e gaps in palaeoclimate reconstruction. chemical analysis of lipids in modern major peat formin 
ajor peat forming plants growing on the peat bog surface, such as the sphagnum mosses, sedges a 
ng on the peat bog surface, such as the sphagnum mosses, sedges and heathers, has revealed they 
bundances can track the contribution of sphagnum mosses to the peat records. a notable feature  
nature which means they are immobile in peat bog and so remain at their point of deposition. in 
f the lipid biomarker n-c23 alkane from peat bogs, measured using the new technique of gas chro 
gs, measured using the new technique of gas chromatography-thermal conversion-isotope ratio mas 
-isotope ratio mass spectrometry in the peat bogs. the overall aim of the proposed work is to d 
oxy based on dd values of biomarkers of peat bog vegetation. this will be achieved by measuring 
es of the n-c23 alkane extracted from 4 peat bogs across europe on a west-east latitudinal tran 
10206 1 ncerned with the development of a novel high resolution the sediment transport component will b 
11226 1 ncerned with the development of a novel high resolution the sediment transport component will b 
14374 6 dies have explored the use of satellite time series to describe the seasonal dynamics of vegeta 
erarchical image segmentation. ecoseg a spin-off project of gloveg vg/00/01 and encompasses thr 
pecialist to hierarchical cluster image time series into spatio-temporal segments with similar  
o spatio-temporal segments with similar time series at numerous scales and will allow an accura 
here it concerns the study of satellite time series of ecosystem dynamics. based on the experim 
s the study of satellite time series of ecosystem dynamics. based on the experimental setup, an 
7624 1 for optimizing operating procedures and resource management and for heritage conservation  
7499 1 or amplification will be done through a computer program called genofrag developed in the labor 
12532 5 chedules for invertebrate pests rely on methyl bromide fumigation. despite derogations for crit 
ritical uses, phasing out of the use of methyl bromide will result in severe risks of the intro 
k underway to investigate, evaluate, or field test new techniques with a view to phasing out me 
w techniques with a view to phasing out methyl bromide as soon as possible. the increased risk  
primary concern relating to the loss of methyl bromide in a report to defra global atmosphere d 
12700 1                                         good quality information is essential for conservation  
7593 3        the project goal is to develop a capillary electrophoresis technique coupled with mass s 
markers of phylogenetic groups and / or ecological niches. it may be extended to a wide range o 
logical niches. it may be extended to a wide range of uni and multicellular organisms  
11134 5 ource pollution on river, estuarine and coastal water quality and particularly with regard to n 
rd to non-compliance of bathing waters. climate change, and particularly more intense storms in 
e occurrences at amroth and rhyl. hydro-environmental impact assessment modelling studies, regu 
mulations, which can lead to erromneous environmental impact assessment outcomes. these shortco 
 centre s activities relating to marine renewable energy and particularly for the severn estuar 
12245 9 003, farmers were set to receive direct subsidy payments for cross-compliance, i.e. activities  
d the environmental, animal health, and public health benefits of farming. this has encouraged  
nvironmental, animal health, and public health benefits of farming. this has encouraged many fa 
rm as a whole, and encourage the use of natural resources in a sustainable way to produce a cos 
roduct at the same time as safeguarding animal welfare and enhancing the biodiversity in the fa 
be considered, including animal health, animal husbandry, forage and feeding systems, animal br 
m hygiene standards, and the quality of farm buildings. a good ifm system can give the farmer p 
anagement, setting objectives to enable good quality livestock products to be produced with min 
ck products to be produced with minimal environmental impact. the ifm wheel' is widely adopted  
14600 6         sediments constitute a valuable natural resource with ecological, social and economic v 
onstitute a socio-economic resource for construction material, and can be used for instance for 
re prevented by the lack of appropriate management tools to guide the sediment assessment proce 
he development of the tool will combine risk assessment . this project will help assess the rel 
d sediments. the tool will apply to the decision making process related to: need to adopt sedim 
 reuse of dredged sediments mainly as a construction material, and the need of containment/ iso 
12233 1 quantification of the n requirements of winter wheat and winter osr varieties. depending on the 
14330 3 roject aims to use the existing belgian remote sensing and related knowledge in a new, but topi 
esearch was carried out to use high and low resolution imagery for the classification of vegeta 
ion of vegetation. in ethiopia not only land use change studies were carried out, but also abov 
9815 7 he particular kind of network. however, food webs stand out as being anomalous, as the number o 
h large numbers of links are rare. this research programme investigates several important featu 
estigates several important features of food webs not shared by many other kinds of network, to 
k, to see what part they play in making food webs special. for instance, the nodes , at a total 
ing basic knowledge of the earth s life-support systems: food webs are vital components of thes 
ge of the earth s life-support systems: food webs are vital components of these systems, and st 
 on the persistence of other species in food webs.  
2176 7 he present study is to develop a set of genetic markers that can describe within- and between g 
s that can describe within- and between genetic variation for the three components and test if  
catches. the present study represents a pilot study with focus on the development of two sets o 
focus on the development of two sets of genetic markers, microsatellites and snps. a robust and 
d markers for the purpose of describing genetic variation within and between spawning areas, as 
e the responsibility for development of genetic markers and most genetic analysis and nifes wil 
development of genetic markers and most genetic analysis and nifes will have the main responsib 
6960 6                      intensification of arable farming is a serious threat to biodiversity and  
s teamed up for this proposal intend to work out 7 indicators: 1. insect-born virus pressure, 2 
tors: 1. insect-born virus pressure, 2. scale insect infestation, 3. farmland bird survey, 4. m 
1. insect-born virus pressure, 2. scale insect infestation, 3. farmland bird survey, 4. maize p 
. indicator moth species. these cover a wide range of taxa and ecosystem services, and thus can 
of the concrete indicator protocols and scientific publications into the relationship between a 
14615 4 on numbers when reductions in abundance take place. cetaceans constitute a group of animals par 
des - a weakening against the action of infectious agents. however, despite the importance of n 
f the interaction of the cetaceans with human activities and the influence on them of global ch 
 for assessing the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems.  
163 10              the aim of the study is to work out scenarios for agricultural land use in estonia 
 to work out scenarios for agricultural land use in estonia considering political and economic  
onia considering political and economic driving forces as well as socio-economic and natural co 
ns and to assess the impact of possible land use changes to bird populations in rural landscape 
 impact of possible land use changes to bird populations in rural landscapes. to reach the goal 
land use changes to bird populations in rural landscapes. to reach the goal the following tasks 
be completed: to define and analyse the driving forces . for the developed land use scenarios v 
 the driving forces . for the developed land use scenarios visual models and maps will be creat 
udes of local people and the impacts of land use changes to the bird fauna will be analysed. th 
velopment of a new prediction model for land use, in which the bird fauna, as an essential comp 
7678 2 their influence on transfer of heat and water vapor and on turbulence. these impacts are also i 
cro-organisms depends critically on the physical conditions of the atmosphere and air movement  
14726 7 ersity, which requires that appropriate biodiversity indicators are incorporated in forest inve 
est inventories and forest planning and conservation policies. in this context, the recent thir 
 this context, the recent third spanish national forest inventory that are identified as more v 
 we will develop landscape-level forest biodiversity indicators that can be effectively applied 
 that can be effectively applied within national forest inventories and other initiatives for e 
opean context. finally, we will provide specific recommendations for the estimation of biodiver 
 the landscape scale within the spanish national forest inventories, coordinating landscape ind 
12524 4 rtilizer and pesticide. there is now an urgent need to identify criteria which can be used to e 
d inputs is far greater. the outputs of fundamental research on the genetic basis of resource u 
ulate ongoing breeding effort. a recent pilot project use the data generated in conjunction wit 
the third point will focus on gathering additional information which will be used to populate m 
12522 1 he wider environment. the uk supports a wide range of diverse farming systems to ensure that th 
7498 3 pact of oil on bacterial communities in marine sediments. . and the analysis of the variety of  
hese bacterial genera appear to play an important role in these ecosystems. we propose to devel 
o specifically detect these bacteria in marine sediments to better understand their role in sit 
10167 1                                       a pilot study will be undertaken combining both bulk and  
11266 6 with a portable instrument suitable for real time, in situ field measurements of pollutants in  
trument suitable for real time, in situ field measurements of pollutants in the environment wit 
electivity and sensitivity with a large dynamic range for mixing ratios. in addition, these new 
scopy as a major analytical tool in the gas phase, comparable to the important role raman spect 
ool in the gas phase, comparable to the important role raman spectroscopy currently has for che 
le raman spectroscopy currently has for chemical analysis of liquids and solids.  
14179 6 m together with the advanced changestat continuous culture methods and cell size measurements t 
relationships between the cell size and growth rate of the bacteria, very important fact about  
ber of ribosomes on the increase of the growth rate, their results were the basis for the devel 
s were the basis for the development of cell cycle theory etc. however, already authors of this 
ct is to study regulation of growth and cell cycle mechanisms in detail, their dependence on th 
sociated with necessary transition from fossil fuels to biofuels and from oil base feedstock to 
9998 7 dna sequencing . there are no validated software tools for analysis of radseq data, and our exp 
presentation of sites in datasets makes data processing non-trivial. we will build easy-to use  
 build easy-to use pipelines for radseq data analysis, incorporating best-practice quality chec 
d outputs ready for further analyses in third party software. these pipelines will be used to v 
c. elegans model system, and to deliver genetic analysis of rad sites in the other genomes. the 
or testbed will be a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from, and newly constructed crosse 
s between, wild strains of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans, where we will investigate the u 
12372 2  to better management and protection of human activities which may affect the marine environmen 
f human activities which may affect the marine environment. the work also provides an opportuni 
13731 5 tribution of a cohort at the end of the growing season will affect the survival through the win 
on will affect the survival through the winter season because of size-dependent capacity to wit 
ize variation within cohorts during the first year from eggs through early ontogenetic niche sh 
tic niche shifts using a combination of field studies, experiments and modeling. the experiment 
eriments separately and in combination. field studies will be carried out to yield data on indi 
7375 1 he detection of molecular signatures of natural selection in the fungal genome from polymorphis 
10006 6 ce and licensing for protected species; local authorities responsible for planning decisions an 
r planning decisions and managing local nature reserves; ecological consultants who carry out s 
 will gain hands-on experience of using statistical models and new protocols. in phase iii of t 
ans and reptiles, debate rages over the cost-effectiveness of such actions. the protocols that  
icensing by the statutory agencies, and local authorities will be better-informed when it comes 
t comes to planning issues. managers of nature reserves will also be able to carry out more eff 
11536 6 ce and licensing for protected species; local authorities responsible for planning decisions an 
r planning decisions and managing local nature reserves; ecological consultants who carry out s 
 will gain hands-on experience of using statistical models and new protocols. in phase iii of t 
ans and reptiles, debate rages over the cost-effectiveness of such actions. the protocols that  
icensing by the statutory agencies, and local authorities will be better-informed when it comes 
t comes to planning issues. managers of nature reserves will also be able to carry out more eff 
12459 1 s using appropriate data for a range of case studies of relevance to uk fisheries. provide bett 
12698 2 re to develop and implement a web based data base and data analysis tool for the standardised h 
and implement a web based data base and data analysis tool for the standardised hedgerow survey 
2019 10            one of the most profound and intriguing questions in biology concerns the relationsh 
ology concerns the relationship between genetic diversity and the morphology and biology of dif 
found in uncovering the contribution of gene family members to the development of organisms. in 
 in uncovering the contribution of gene family members to the development of organisms. in rece 
tebrates in particular, contain general transcription factor paralogs not found in yeast. we ha 
ange in paradigm by our studies of tata binding protein and tbp-like factor, which are found in 
vertebrate-specific tbp paralog, during embryonic development; 2. alternative mechanisms of tra 
ion of antisense knockdown experiments, gene expression profiling, biochemical purification, ch 
oters in vivo. studying early embryonic gene regulation provides many opportunities to uncover  
ovel molecular mechanisms in control of gene expression, which are pivotal to the regulatory hi 
10652 2 and forest engineers: identification of endangered species or groups of species. those tools wi 
 to adapt their related territories and forest management policies.  
11832 2 and forest engineers: identification of endangered species or groups of species. those tools wi 
 to adapt their related territories and forest management policies.  
7702 4 ns on the ground through the example of forest management, the project offers forgeco developin 
tory approach and adaptive expertise in forest management and ecological vulnerabilities and so 
nd ecological vulnerabilities and socio-economic development and intensification scenarios eval 
intensification scenarios evaluation of forest management participatory process structured by t 
14431 2  for future collaborative research. the research program is based on three case studies, becaus 
 the research program is based on three case studies, because the balkan lakes are of varied or 
11459 7  a source of taxa that have invaded the deep sea. it is likely that the deep-sea fauna was depa 
 extinction events associated with past global climate change causing, for example, deep-ocean  
tion events associated with past global climate change causing, for example, deep-ocean oxygen  
ms to characterise the micro- and macro-evolutionary processes of endemic antarctic octopod fau 
c antarctic octopod fauna and the macro-evolutionary processes of the deep-sea octopod fauna us 
eans of testing the hypothesis that, in evolutionary history, antarctic taxa invaded the deep s 
ary history, antarctic taxa invaded the deep sea.  
11031 11 ere are a number of rocky bodies in our solar system, including our own planet and moon. largel 
 is an iron core, surrounded by a solid silicate mantle, which itself is covered by a thin sili 
measured, and what is clear is that the continental crust is not all the same age and some part 
 years. in fact, there are four ages of continental crust that appear over and over again: 1.2, 
 largely incomplete, and the paucity of continental crust at other ages may not mean that growt 
l crust at other ages may not mean that growth rates were low at those times. it might just be  
aims to understand the formation of the continental crust, not by looking at the crust itself,  
arge amount of data to be acquired in a short time. while understanding the formation of the co 
 s atmosphere and oceans have undergone radical changes in the planet s ancient past, including 
the atmosphere that is essential to all animal life. these changes had major effects on the cou 
ptions have been observed to change the global climate. this raises the interesting possibility 
11634 6 il and gas industry and in liaison with environmental policy formers, implementers and regulato 
t is directly relevant to environmental management issues/questions and it will ensure that thi 
at primary science targets in important oil exploration areas in the west of shetland, u.k. and 
ar. the dieps project aims to carry out high resolution research into the community structure a 
in situ experimentation investigate the driving forces for structure and change in these seabed 
t, which has support from world-leading industrial partners with a diverse range of global faci 
10331 4 remains of hominids are abundant in the fossil record and form the basis for phylogenetic inter 
me species, which combine enormous post-canine tooth crown areas, indicative of great chewing f 
e we have developed a novel interactive computer model . the biomechanical models will first be 
tic data of craniofacial morphology and experimental data published in the scientific literatur 
9819 4 remains of hominids are abundant in the fossil record and form the basis for phylogenetic inter 
me species, which combine enormous post-canine tooth crown areas, indicative of great chewing f 
e we have developed a novel interactive computer model . the biomechanical models will first be 
tic data of craniofacial morphology and experimental data published in the scientific literatur 
10184 6   it is widely accepted that there is a negative effect of current breeding effort on subsequen 
ally assumed to reflect a physiological trade-off between investment in reproduction and invest 
ation of a male, his ability to provide parental care and the likelihood of him surviving to br 
 diet quality on sexual attractiveness, parental care and ability to fight the rate of senescen 
ickleback. we will then explore how the trade-offs between these factors influence optimal repr 
and future reproductive success and the trade-off between reproduction and lifespan. it also ex 
6890 2  t on differentiation and apoptosis, in cell lines resistant to imatinib, in ba/f3 cells expres 
tations and also in primary mononuclear cell cultures derived from patients, who carry differen 
11061 5 g compatibility, because of those rapid evolutionary processes just mentioned. we have found ev 
 are unfortunately in severe decline. a major problem facing wild salmon stocks is the escape o 
vive, and some make it onto wild salmon spawning grounds. here they attempt to spawn with wild  
t to spawn with wild fish, presenting a major problem: farmed salmon have been domestically-sel 
onservation with commercially important salmon farming.  
14545 1                                       a key issue of aphid biology, to a great extent responsib 
11124 3                                         environmental factors such as food availability and mat 
 different offspring depending on these environmental factors. such invested resources include  
lobulins or hormones deposited into the egg yolks by females. there is currently mounting inter 
11219 12  through a nested series of complicated soft tissues, from ligaments, out to the skin, and ther 
print of a hare which walked across the human ancestor s footprints as the print of its big toe 
cestor s footprints as the print of its big toe. we need methods which will tell us what are th 
t easy, since footprints, being made by soft tissue, have no easily recognisable landmark point 
lation techniques, and engaging in some lateral thinking , found that methods used to analyze t 
e specialists in finding and excavating fossil footprints, and recently discovered an exciting  
ays on, by their waddling gait. distant human ancestors like lucy had a similar squat and stabl 
 we need not only to make sophisticated computer models of walking and footprint formation, whi 
energy-saving mechanisms in these early human ancestors, and relate them to foot forces and foo 
ot forces and footprint form, but to do physical experiments in soft mud and ash which will tie 
sh which will tie these models into the real world. but we must also look for more footprints,  
interpret the evolution of walking at a crucial time period, the transition between an early bi 
11707 12  through a nested series of complicated soft tissues, from ligaments, out to the skin, and ther 
print of a hare which walked across the human ancestor s footprints as the print of its big toe 
cestor s footprints as the print of its big toe. we need methods which will tell us what are th 
t easy, since footprints, being made by soft tissue, have no easily recognisable landmark point 
lation techniques, and engaging in some lateral thinking , found that methods used to analyze t 
e specialists in finding and excavating fossil footprints, and recently discovered an exciting  
ays on, by their waddling gait. distant human ancestors like lucy had a similar squat and stabl 
 we need not only to make sophisticated computer models of walking and footprint formation, whi 
energy-saving mechanisms in these early human ancestors, and relate them to foot forces and foo 
ot forces and footprint form, but to do physical experiments in soft mud and ash which will tie 
sh which will tie these models into the real world. but we must also look for more footprints,  
interpret the evolution of walking at a crucial time period, the transition between an early bi 
14336 1 ropical ant communities to rainfall and soil conditions. the paraguay dry chaco, with little al 
9818 2 ns between dinosaur and plant groups or body types would be consistent with co-evolution; conve 
k of such associations would falsify co-evolutionary hypotheses. negative results could, howeve 
1962 6 ainst herbivores by direct and indirect defence mechanisms. direct defence mechanisms include a 
and indirect defence mechanisms. direct defence mechanisms include a.o. the production of deter 
r toxic secondary metabolites. indirect defence mechanisms include the attraction of parasitoid 
equestered by herbivores have potential harmful effects on natural enemies, and hence could lea 
ombination of laboratory, mesocosm, and field studies. the project will contribute to our under 
ral ecosystems and the compatibility of pest control strategies.  
10338 14  on earth became extinct in the largest mass extinction in over 600 million years. this worldwi 
it occurred. to determine the causes of mass extinctions, it is important to establish their ra 
ships to possible causal events such as global climate change, asteroid impacts and volcanism.  
o possible causal events such as global climate change, asteroid impacts and volcanism. establi 
l events such as global climate change, asteroid impacts and volcanism. establishing absolute a 
crystal is determined from the decay of radioactive isotopes within the crystal and growth of t 
ntly, evidence has emerged showing that trace elements, including the naturally radioactive iso 
trace elements, including the naturally radioactive isotopes 147sm and 176lu, are incorporated  
recrystallised, behaves as a chemically closed system, allowing no further exchange of elements 
 to characterise the rate and nature of trace element uptake, and the chemical stability of eac 
nature of trace element uptake, and the chemical stability of each bone before deriving a date. 
criteria by which the uptake history of trace elements in bone can be assessed. a pilot study h 
ace elements in bone can be assessed. a pilot study has shown these criteria correctly identify 
 age to within 1ma. we will extend this pilot study to determine the conditions under which bon 
10040 1 tes, but in pots so that we can control soil conditions and the densities of neighbouring indiv 
10158 3 rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di 
s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron 
extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t 
10431 3 rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di 
s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron 
extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t 
10432 3 rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di 
s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron 
extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t 
10723 3 rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di 
s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron 
extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t 
11714 3 rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di 
s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron 
extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t 
9907 3 rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di 
s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron 
extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t 
11360 3                     the contribution of viral infection to phytoplankton modality has fundament 
 phytoplankton diversity and structures food webs. however, no techniques currently exist to di 
to interpret phytoplankton:viral:grazer population dynamics and their biogeochemical consequenc 
13575 4                   despite a substantial commercial fishing pressure, nephrops norvegicus produc 
own back to the sea, so-called discard. commercial fishing has been estimated to produce 27 mil 
iscarded biomass as subsidy to nephrops fishing grounds. the objective is to quantify both dire 
iscard on nephrops is its importance as food source. utilisation rate may however be modified b 
12023 2                                         land use change strongly modifies the biodiversity and  
anges in the structure and diversity of plant communities. according to a first hypothesis were 
6719 4 fungus monilinia laxa is reponsible for serious diseases of stone fruits. the most endangered s 
a is reponsible for serious diseases of stone fruits. the most endangered species are: sour che 
ious diseases of stone fruits. the most endangered species are: sour cherry, apricot, plum and  
ruits. the most endangered species are: sour cherry, apricot, plum and - recent years - almond. 
13603 5 cent review of diseases of the european edible crab for crustacean diseases. the crl coordinate 
in weymouth and surrounding area at the low tide. adults are sampled from the commercial fisher 
ases, is studied by an investigation on gene expression of propo and by sequencing of the this  
rent variants of the gene sequence with potential differences in immune response ability.  
 sequence with potential differences in immune response ability.  
10142 1 ally change our views on ecological and evolutionary processes driving diversification, and cha 
15503 3  of habitat, human impact or historical climate changes affect the distribution of diversity in 
f these effects and the competition for evolutionary processes and historical contingencies. an 
s and historical contingencies. another key issue in ecology is to determine if communities are 
11098 3 rate rapidly with aqueous fluids in the upper crust and decompose quickly during weathering and 
hering is rapid because of formation of etch pits on dislocations. etch pit honeycombs perhaps  
formation of etch pits on dislocations. etch pit honeycombs perhaps acted as sites for the orig 
10094 4 y from or between nutritionally limited natural habitats to maize stores. field study results w 
mited natural habitats to maize stores. field study results will be calibrated by experimental  
natural habitats to maize stores. field study results will be calibrated by experimental work i 
13c delta 15n turnover characteristics, trace element analysis as a marker for dispersal. conve 
1936 2  to set up two wind dispersal models, a statistical model of the so called gaussian plume type  
e insight in the potential dispersal of endangered species and the sustainability of the restor 
12149 1 thods will allow to determine rg and as genetic diversity and will allow to assess phylogenetic 
10474 1 uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide approach specifically targeted at the pp 
9905 1 uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide approach specifically targeted at the pp 
9807 4 ragon plants which only make flat petal epidermal cells. in this project we will try to underst 
different flowers. finally, we will use electron microscopy to survey the petal cell shapes pre 
survey the petal cell shapes present in plant families which have shown shifts in pollinators,  
ants and their pollinators during their evolutionary history.  
15381 12 l reorganizations and those affected by genetic recombination in the germ line. analyzing how m 
ffected by genetic recombination in the germ line. analyzing how mammalian genomes are organize 
mammalian genomes are organized and how chromosomal rearrangements are involved in speciation a 
roviding new chromosomal forms on which natural selection can work. when new chromosomal forms  
w chromosomal forms are produced in the germ line, they will have the probability to be fixed i 
ic features and nuclear organization of meiotic recombination in mammals is much uncompleted an 
reorganizations have to be fixed in the germ line during the evolutionary process, our principa 
to be fixed in the germ line during the evolutionary process, our principal interest is to stud 
se evolutionary unstable regions in the meiotic recombination. there is no published data linki 
on to the recombination hotspots in the germ line. it is our intention to go beyond the frontie 
 a comprehensive picture of the ongoing evolutionary process and vice versa. their verification 
s are fundamental for understanding the evolutionary history of mammalian genomes. moreover, th 
13945 6              the transport of dissolved organic matter phytoplankton species. it is suggested t 
and uptake of smaller molecules such as amino acids containing nitrogen has been shown to take  
s containing nitrogen has been shown to take place. however, virtually nothing is known about t 
rowth. a large part of the dom entering coastal waters are high molecular, and preliminary expe 
take. in addition, we will evaluate the competitive advantage that comes with direct uptake of  
hab blooms when the input of hmw-dom to coastal waters is increasing.  
11733 2 ssolved organic nitrogen , bas and nerc research programmes and will directly collaborate with  
mmes and will directly collaborate with research scientists from other antarctic programmes.  
10160 2 demic interest to both physiologist and environmental scientists. finally our results may, in t 
ntists. finally our results may, in the long run, lead to the development of methods to monitor 
15096 1 ant-host. although this is a project of basic research, the results obtained can be of relevanc 
6871 5 oplankton. water exchange between these growth areas and the mainstream river results in a drif 
 flood, as a disturbance factor plays a key role in community organization of potamoplankton. t 
anisms. such studies should provide the scientific background to the ecological management of l 
al management of large rivers where the focal points are re-establishment of natural flow inhom 
large rivers where the focal points are re-establishment of natural flow inhomogeny and floodpl 
2479 6 n species represent a growing threat to marine environments due to their potential to change th 
nked among the world's most detrimental invasive species, was first observed in northern europe 
mnemiopsis can severely disrupt pelagic food webs through direct predation and competition as w 
up processes impacting both the classic food chain and the microbial loop. nevertheless, the oc 
a combination of monitoring activities, field studies and experiments targeting local reproduct 
succession in pelagic ecosystems due to invasive species and/or increased numbers of gelatinous 
1984 3 cosystems in which cyanobacteria play a key role. the most important source of nitrogen in coas 
s are therefore high. there are several functional groups of microorganisms in the mats that ar 
s are found on the green beaches of the barrier islands of the southern north sea. because of t 
7138 1  the responses of soil invertebrates to land use change.  
12056 5                                 context climate change , was created and a complete phylogeny o 
om empirical data and models of virtual plant communities were created to validate these mechan 
eated and set to the zone of the ecrins national park. results of the project using theoretical 
t using theoretical models coupled with data analyses allowed us to infer the distribution mech 
a in response to changes in climate and land use. this model predicts a strong upheaval in the  
15524 2 starting some new approaches related to conservation issues. the main topics and targets are: 1 
for some selected taxa we will generate ecological niche models to make predictions on potentia 
13838 2 ith a broad range of hosts, occurs in a wide range of ecosystems, and is sparsely studied by mo 
host from root-tips. species with broad host ranges are the target for intensified study in ord 
11275 2 ment on earth, yet our understanding of microbial diversity and ecological roles is still in it 
eir abundance and role within different habitat types.  
14660 2 s project is to provide a broad-ranging data base that would allow the co-relation of cyanobact 
structure of microorganisms isolated in laboratory cultures. the aim of this last proposal is t 
7533 4 unities leading to a diversification of plant communities resulting in genetic divergence up un 
 until speciation. in this context, the genetic diversity of wild yams dry zone will be studied 
ave as objectives the identification of evolutionary processes at the origin of diversity and i 
tructuring, including spatial, based on human activities  
2480 6 how the species composition, diversity, life cycle and abundance are affected by environmental  
ife cycle and abundance are affected by environmental factors. the abundance and distribution o 
e will apply the latest technologies in molecular biology and microbiology to aquatic ecologica 
d by a.o. environmental pyrosequencing, electron microscopy and culturing. seasonal dynamics wi 
he use of microscopy, molecular probes, flow cytometry and water chemistry upon the analyses of 
lyses of natural samples collected from coastal waters through the year. the project will impro 
14675 1 fore, the mycorrhizal fungi can play an important role in the establishment and development of  
7382 3                            we study the molecular evolution of a gene family encoding agpase, a 
  we study the molecular evolution of a gene family encoding agpase, a key enzyme in the synthe 
characterized by allelic sequencing the coding regions and promoter. understanding the evolutio 
7013 6 lands are terrestrial peaks of a mainly submarine plateau which is a fragment of the former gon 
. multiple increase and decrease of the sea level led to multiple separation and reunion proces 
he outer islands are geologically young coral atolls; they have never been connected with the g 
rs ago. only recently the international research project indian ocean biodiversity assessment 2 
y and geographic pathways of speciation field studies will be made to gain data on host plants  
ld studies will be made to gain data on host plants and on distribution within islands. morphol 
10182 3 on of beetle prey. controlled field and laboratory experiments will follow the passage of a 13c 
 for determining the composition of the plant community. these studies will address the overall 
il at sourhope and their effects on the plant community.  
13468 3            the project focuses on plant population dynamics and species diversity within arable 
l also investigate the potential use of high resolution satellite data in the monitoring of gra 
te the potential use of high resolution satellite data in the monitoring of grassland quality.  
15298 2 owledge of molecular, morphological and chemical bases in the diversity of the complex red alga 
l bases in the diversity of the complex red algae of the genus laurencia and the monograph of t 
422 1 he bloom-forming diatoms in the roscoff coastal waters which were not investigated during the p 
7139 2                                         program objectives were to screen for physical and chem 
stics of diatoms, responsible blooms in coastal waters of roscoff not studied in this program.  
431 2        the completeness of the analyzed fossil record .morphological variability of the pitymya 
 to correlate with climatic conditions. morphological structures are revealed, correlated with  
7518 3 ffer depending on the nature or type of genetic marker used to assess. the aim of this project  
ors. these methods are illustrated with real case studies on cattle populations, pig and poultr 
these methods are illustrated with real case studies on cattle populations, pig and poultry  
421 3       the negative relationship between land use intensity and biodiversity also has impacts on 
uld be more prevalent in communities as land use gets intensified. ground beetles, collembolans 
onmental variables were sampled in four land use types across 6 different landscapes in france, 
14120 3                      the maintenance of genetic diversity in small populations is both a major  
r practical problem in the contemporary conservation efforts, and a fascinating theoretical que 
s from different parents have different survival rates this fundamental study will remarkably e 
2061 3  and scale-dependent spatial pattern of forage fish species is a key factor in shaping the top  
rmining the trophic interaction between forage fish and apex predators. to evaluate the role of 
spatial distribution of apex predators, forage fish species and zooplankton will be collected d 
7001 2  marginal importance. we have performed preliminary investigations of austria specimens of comm 
 investigations of austria specimens of common lizard , the degree of hybridisation and gene fl 
15065 4 ntly isolated from soil, water, air and clinical samples. both bacterial genera have a high spe 
gy and environmental biotechnology. the genetic diversity is enormous. some of them, like p. ae 
ification is not trivial and needs long incubation times. new molecular techniques will allow r 
h internet, to make it available to the scientific community.  
15520 2 . 2 analysis of functional stategies at community level and their relations with changes in wat 
s in water and nutrient availability. 3 experimental study of the functional response to advers 
10378 4                                      in marine environments phage can reach densities of 2.5 x  
 we will use these samples to provide a snap shot of the phage in antarctic and southern ocean  
southern ocean water. plaque assays and electron microscopy will count numbers. further study w 
 further study will examine morphology, host range and transduction potential.  
14146 1 uately annotated reference sequences to public databases will provide valuable means for future 
13878 10 cies richness in soil. this is due to a low degree of species specific links within the soil fo 
 species specific links within the soil food web that maintain a high redundancy in functions.  
 interactions between organisms in soil food web we propose the use of techniques that will add 
e the use of techniques that will add a high resolution of the structure of soil food webs. we  
igh resolution of the structure of soil food webs. we will: identify the direction and specific 
nd fungal feeding invertebrates in soil food webs. nested pcrs of dna extracts of soil animals  
als. we will: identify the structure of food webs by detecting stable 13c isotope ratios of soi 
l determine their trophic levels in the food web. press perturbation experiments with plant der 
ine the structure and diversity of soil food webs under influence of different plant communitie 
 food webs under influence of different plant communities.  
15068 1 liminary molecular data obtained by our research groups, however, suggest a much higher diversi 
10427 2 ive, thereby removing the need for live animal experimentation, they provide spatially co-regis 
research will benefit environmental and evolutionary biologists interested in modes of biodiver 
11218 2 ive, thereby removing the need for live animal experimentation, they provide spatially co-regis 
research will benefit environmental and evolutionary biologists interested in modes of biodiver 
11427 2 ive, thereby removing the need for live animal experimentation, they provide spatially co-regis 
research will benefit environmental and evolutionary biologists interested in modes of biodiver 
12053 4 aptation to the environment is obvious. genomic data already identify the origins of certain di 
e collections of the public and private research laboratories of the partners. they differ for  
aims of the program are to evaluate the genetic diversity of a vast collection of strains, to s 
o investigate relationships between the ecological niches and the essential phenotypical traits 
10341 1 urveyed, in order to get a large enough representative sample of genes, and to sequence these g 
9919 2 ol. the potential for automation of dna data acquisition and data analysis, and the possibility 
 automation of dna data acquisition and data analysis, and the possibility to link these data w 
11874 6 ry for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital that the biological cha 
xhibit restricted species diversity and food chain complexity, with environmental warming which 
in many polar environments. despite its central role in regulating plant growth, our knowledge  
ting plant growth, our knowledge of the nitrogen cycle in antarctic environments remains extrem 
, we believe that current models of the nitrogen cycle are unsound as they have failed to inclu 
nitrogen. ultimately, this will enhance mathematical models used for predicting ecosystem respo 
10034 4 groundwaters that may be used to supply drinking water. in addition, ammonia oxidation is accom 
ion is accompanied by the production of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas which is also in 
e production of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas which is also involved in destroying str 
ntially responsible for the emission of nitrous oxide from soil.  
10255 5                       concentrations of greenhouse gases are rising as a result of continued in 
is study we want to test whether arctic plant communities do not acclimate fully even with exte 
elevated co2. the information from this research programme is vital if we are to be able to mak 
ions based on improved predictions from climate models. specifically, the extent to which whole 
cosystems to perturbations under future climate change and important potential impacts on globa 
12655 1 l method of preventing bats approaching wind turbines will be available to the power generation 
2022 12 ves and seagrass beds provide important food sources for millions of people, but are in decline 
idered important nurseries for juvenile coral reef fish, but this has only been based on their  
 important nurseries for juvenile coral reef fish, but this has only been based on their high d 
mangroves/seagrass beds never reach the reef fish population, then these habitats do not functi 
takes place from these nurseries to the coral reef. only in such way can it be established whet 
se habitats serve as true nurseries for reef fishes. movement to the reef provides the stronges 
nd long-term fish tagging. quantitative mathematical models will be made to calculate how reef  
al models will be made to calculate how reef fish population viability depends on input of juve 
from mangrove/seagrass nurseries versus coral reef, and on the size of nursery habitats. this i 
between tropical ecosystems, and of the population dynamics of tropical reef fish with spatiall 
 of the population dynamics of tropical reef fish with spatially separated life-stage habitats. 
e over-fished and many people depend on reef fish as a source of protein or income.  
10189 2 cialist herbivores over long periods of co-occurrence. hence introducing natural enemies can be 
ing natural enemies can be an effective biological control strategy. because mutualistic mycorr 
11335 5 urity in the uk will rely on increasing crop production by c. 70% by 2070. meeting these produc 
roduction goals will depend on reducing crop losses to insect pests at a time when new pesticid 
 will depend on reducing crop losses to insect pests at a time when new pesticide legislation m 
his project is to develop a sustainable biological control system for vine weevil .  
 is to develop a sustainable biological control system for vine weevil .  
11846 3 ystems . this project also represents a unique opportunity, to more fully utilise a nerc oceans 
ogram with the additional collection of acoustic sonar backscatter, visual observations of seab 
er, visual observations of seabirds and marine mammals, vocalisations of cetaceans, fishery obs 
10736 4                                         toxic metal ions are an important class of environmenta 
mental pollutants, and can cause severe environmental damage, for both terrestrial and aquatic  
ientific understanding of a fundamental biochemical mechanism which is currently almost complet 
fects of environmental contamination by toxic metals in invertebrates.  
10817 6 considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. our new idea is  
e rate and hence slows down the rate of population growth in the following year. eventually pop 
bundant mineral on earth and present in significant amounts in all plants, so the mechanism we  
nce. we already have some evidence from laboratory experiments and observations in the field th 
ortant grassland systems that support a wide range of herbivores, including both rare species a 
will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agriculture.  
11049 6 considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. our new idea is  
e rate and hence slows down the rate of population growth in the following year. eventually pop 
bundant mineral on earth and present in significant amounts in all plants, so the mechanism we  
nce. we already have some evidence from laboratory experiments and observations in the field th 
ortant grassland systems that support a wide range of herbivores, including both rare species a 
will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agriculture.  
11562 6 considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. our new idea is  
e rate and hence slows down the rate of population growth in the following year. eventually pop 
bundant mineral on earth and present in significant amounts in all plants, so the mechanism we  
nce. we already have some evidence from laboratory experiments and observations in the field th 
ortant grassland systems that support a wide range of herbivores, including both rare species a 
will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agriculture.  
11829 6 considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. our new idea is  
e rate and hence slows down the rate of population growth in the following year. eventually pop 
bundant mineral on earth and present in significant amounts in all plants, so the mechanism we  
nce. we already have some evidence from laboratory experiments and observations in the field th 
ortant grassland systems that support a wide range of herbivores, including both rare species a 
will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agriculture.  
11441 2                         the aim of this pilot project is to exploit the combined use of compoun 
c radiocarbon analysis and phospholipid fatty acid will allow the degree of utilisation of new  
13610 3                  the aim of this urgent grant application is to document nutrient dynamics duri 
tions. the present situation provides a unique opportunity to collect data that, together with  
, together with previous monitoring and experimental studies, are of high scientific and applie 
13355 2           the aim of the project is the data collection, data recording at national plant genet 
ing at national plant genetic resources data base and documentation of the information of plant 
10564 1 and utilized this environment, and what seasonal changes in temperature were experienced. we kn 
10211 1 eceive large quantities of c from their host plants. i will use advances in stable isotope and  
13790 3 udies found that consumer p content and growth rate can be affected by food quality and that fa 
part will test two key hypotheses about growth rates and nutrient content of snail grazers, by  
manipulated: within species, individual growth rate and p content is lower in pristine than in  
11604 2         captive breeding programmes for endangered species run the risk of both genetic drift a 
endangered species run the risk of both genetic drift and inbreeding depression. however, it is 
11264 2 contexts. all of these experiments will take place with groups of just five fish, given the tim 
 . however, i will then use a series of computer simulations based on what i find in these expe 
11546 2 contexts. all of these experiments will take place with groups of just five fish, given the tim 
 . however, i will then use a series of computer simulations based on what i find in these expe 
11551 8  adaptation of species during explosive adaptive radiations on islands remains one of the most  
 intriguing evolutionary phenomena. low genetic diversity of island populations may present an  
ary phenomena. low genetic diversity of island populations may present an obstacle for fast ada 
 obstacle for fast adaptive changes, as natural selection needs genetic variation from which to 
ive changes, as natural selection needs genetic variation from which to select. hybridisation o 
osely related species and interspecific gene flow may provide the genetic variation needed for  
interspecific gene flow may provide the genetic variation needed for natural selection. althoug 
rovide the genetic variation needed for natural selection. although multiple cases of interspec 
9927 8 ore, have profound effects on offspring life history. in blue tits, like many parids, an intrig 
d effects on offspring life history. in blue tits, like many parids, an intriguing pattern of p 
of glasgow field station in loch lomond national park. half of each brood will be supplemented  
urine and the rest with a non-essential amino acid to control for overall amino acid intake. ch 
ntial amino acid to control for overall amino acid intake. chick growth, development and blood  
ntioxidants and antioxidant activity in blood plasma of control and taurine supplemented chicks 
ds. we will monitor provisioning, using infrared cameras in nestboxes, to ascertain whether exp 
e rigorous experimental design, intense breeding season and complex lab work needs an experienc 
10136 3 l state , linked to increases in winter sea surface temperature. the effects of this reduction  
ue to impassable upstream barriers. the survival rate of the fry will be related to the body co 
 recaptured fish. in parallel with this field work we will measure various traits of the eggs a 
10944 5 rs that enable species to co-exist with one another in biological diverse communities. many the 
the problems with applying this idea to plant communities though is that plants are thought to  
l, including many organic forms such as amino acids. also, it is becoming clear from laboratory 
 acids. also, it is becoming clear from laboratory experiments that plant species differ in the 
ted to such resource partitioning for a wide range of nitrogen forms that commonly occur in the 
10241 4                                    many flowering plants produce less pollen, so economizing re 
izing themselves than when outbreeding. harmful effects of inbreeding will be assessed in relat 
on both sides of the atlantic to ensure genetic diversity, will be cloned by taking cuttings an 
rds with the priority area earth s life-support systems - water, biogeochemical cycles and biod 
11100 4                                    many flowering plants produce less pollen, so economizing re 
izing themselves than when outbreeding. harmful effects of inbreeding will be assessed in relat 
on both sides of the atlantic to ensure genetic diversity, will be cloned by taking cuttings an 
rds with the priority area earth s life-support systems - water, biogeochemical cycles and biod 
11870 2               why do trees in different tropical forests grow at different rates why do some tr 
 hold wider-reach training workshops in carbon cycle science in each country at the start and e 
9840 2 y condition and fecundity the following breeding season. we propose a food addition study to in 
ry monthly live-trapping throughout the breeding season will enable us to assess body condition 
7687 2 litating predation on extensive outdoor poultry farms by small carnivorous mammals. in bresse a 
rous mammals. in bresse area, damage to poultry farms of bresse chicken aoc are numerous and ma 
2169 4 ct looks at four specific human-related driving forces of ecosystem change that are identified  
r threats in the near future. these are invasive species. the project focuses on terrestrial ve 
n. for this purpose we have assembled a research team ideally composed to meet the challenges o 
cology, cultural-landscape ecology, and numerical analyses including multivariate and univariat 
15389 2 o analyze the synergic effect that both stress factors . finally, to have information on the va 
now the effect of multiple stressors on running water ecosystem.  
11492 5 thway dominate grassland ecosystems and cereal production in warm climates. both the multiple e 
of fundamental importance for ecosystem resource management under anthropogenic climate change  
resource management under anthropogenic climate change and for understanding the earth system,  
e atmospheric change, reinstating major unanswered questions about c4 plant-aridity relationshi 
ty and water-use in natural climate and soil conditions, using a sub-sample of the nadp-me c4 a 
6930 3 ing cultivars resistant to powdery . pm resistance gene of kishmish vatkana was identified as r 
 vatkana was identified as ren1. the pm resistance gene of dzsandzsal kara is still unkknown. o 
ana. second aim is the comparison of pm resistance genes of kishmis vatkana and dzsandzsal kara 
10693 6 phytoplankton play a role in the global carbon cycle, which is of great importance for global w 
cycle, which is of great importance for global warming. it is important to know exactly how muc 
the radiation scattering ability of the dust particles, as this can have an impact on climate.  
d at the cape verde islands. individual dust particles will be examined in the laboratory to de 
that of iron specifically, during our 4 case studies. we will then use this information, and th 
will then use this information, and the long term monitoring of strength and extent of similar  
9880 5 lives and livelihoods. diseases such as rift valley fever transmitted via cattle in dryland sav 
ca; trypanosomiasis transmitted via the tsetse fly in woodland areas of southern africa; lassa  
 suffering from a multiplicity of other health problems. while environmental change affects the 
h a combination of mapping and detailed field studies, we will build a multi-layered analysis o 
develop and apply new methodologies for systems analysis, mapping, and participatory eco-epidem 
7133 5  global change - changes caused by both human activities and by environmental factors - on the  
 caused by both human activities and by environmental factors - on the persistence of kelp fore 
nmental factors - on the persistence of kelp forests will be studied by combining genetics and  
ll be studied by combining genetics and population dynamics approaches to approaches ecophysiol 
ology and biochemistry by grouping five research teams  
7396 1 he development of imaging techniques in real time and in three dimensions to map and quantify c 
14122 1 ut little known, is expected to advance plant ecology, paleoecology, and conservation biology.  
7463 1  of global change, acid deposition, and land use on terrestrial ecosystems, and the resultant e 
14371 20 criptors in a near-automatic way. while high resolution eo systems provide now very regular upd 
ynamic predictive mapping. multi-sensor data fusion and downscaling techniques combined to stat 
objectives: 1. investigate how bayesian data fusion can derive high resolution reflectance valu 
ate how bayesian data fusion can derive high resolution reflectance values based on medium reso 
mation, and thus develop a new bayesian data fusion approach merging multiple data source of di 
rging multiple data source of different spatial resolution referring to the same timeframe. 2.  
and surface descriptors of interest for malaria vector control in southeast asia: land cover de 
utheast asia: land cover descriptor and relative humidity proxies fusion and dynamic mapping 4. 
e relation between land descriptors and malaria vectors to assess performance of the method in  
 vector occurrence using land cover and relative humidity descriptors and finally the delineati 
 the delineation of restricted zone for dry season vector habitat methodology • develop a new b 
at methodology • develop a new bayesian data fusion approach • interpretation for an. dirus pri 
and validation results expected • a new data fusion method applicable not only to concomitant i 
f relation between land descriptors and malaria vector in south east asia • verification of the 
e hypothesis of receding habitat in the dry season for anopheles dirus s.l. and association wit 
.l. and association with land cover and relative humidity • validation of leaf water content as 
 relative humidity • validation of leaf water content as a valid indicator for approximation of 
 a valid indicator for approximation of relative humidity related to mosquito habitat • pave th 
ation • to help in improving the use of remote sensing product in the field of epidemiology del 
icting the habitat of the vector in the dry season if the hypothesis is validated ------------- 
7408 1 ay to conserve genetic resources in the long term in rabbits should provide concrete informatio 
15349 2 ts and, more specifically, transposons. insertion sequences has been tested in microbial fuel c 
 sequences has been tested in microbial fuel cells for production of electricity.  
15391 13 n of populations implies an increase in genetic drift which may result in loss of genetic diver 
netic drift which may result in loss of genetic diversity and accumulation of inbreeding. these 
 important part of the clearly adaptive genetic variation, and one that may be especially relev 
ising from disease, is that involved in immune response. the effectivity of the immune response 
immune response. the effectivity of the immune response is largely dependent on the variation p 
resent in key genes for recognition and antigen presentation. among these, class i and class ii 
ss. the starting hypothesis is that the balancing selection, acting through mechanisms such as  
selection, may help to maintain greater genetic diversity in functional genes of the immune sys 
ic diversity in functional genes of the immune system than that retained for molecular markers, 
molecular markers, and that the loss of genetic diversity in general, or in immune system genes 
 of genetic diversity in general, or in immune system genes in particular, adversely affects th 
 reproduction and becomes an additional risk factor for the persistence of the species. the pro 
onservation genetics and contributes to risk assessment and to the design of effective strategi 
14602 6               during the last decennia, significant changes in the socioeconomic structure have 
 role given than an increase in vegetal fuel load in large areas tends to favour the impact of  
eas tends to favour the impact of large forest fires. the impact of these landscape dynamics on 
s will be essential to establish future conservation policies in many european mediterranean re 
llenge is to be able to predict species dynamic ranges by using habitat suitability modelling e 
ew fragments of open habitat created by forest fire impact. 2- assessment of the patterns in di 
13880 5 y increasing recreational activities in coastal waters has long concerned conservationists, par 
aries where access is prohibited in the breeding season to protect coastal waterbird population 
sion, of the sanctuaries. complementary field studies will be done to compare reproductive succ 
effects of protected nesting-islands on bird populations at a regional level. it will contribut 
e substantially to the understanding of population dynamics and conservation of island-nesting  
7147 3 f biodiversity has mainly performed two time scales: instantaneous based studies and conservati 
 to link regional analyzes at different time scales, based on the fossil record of mammals, mai 
 at different time scales, based on the fossil record of mammals, mainly rodents and ungulates, 
7553 3 roduction of palm hearts. . analysis of genetic diversity and gene flow will occur primarily th 
ts. . analysis of genetic diversity and gene flow will occur primarily through molecular marker 
d. this research will be in the form of case studies in ecuador  
14199 12 disappeared from europe due to changing land use. at the same time, there is increasing interes 
land vegetation dynamics under changing land use, and address the effect of diaspore and symbio 
ion on community change. we shall study plant community composition, seed bank and arbuscular m 
resence of symbiotic amf, which play an important role in the establishment and performance of  
nce of grassland plant species. because land use intensification reduce the number and diversit 
tionally managed semi-natural grassland plant community composition and diversity under intensi 
ity under intensifying and extensifying land use we hypothesize that both changes will lead to  
tionally managed semi-natural grassland plant community composition and diversity under intensi 
ity under intensifying and extensifying land use what are the effects of changing land use on t 
nd use what are the effects of changing land use on the viable soil seed bank what are the effe 
d bank what are the effects of changing land use on symbiotic am fungi, present both as viable  
s in the soil and functioning hyphae in plant roots is the establishment of grassland plant spe 
10125 14 hy of range contraction and collapse in endangered species. in particular, existing databases t 
r, existing databases typically exclude extinct species and populations, and so contain biases  
ial to provide unique new insights into key patterns and processes of extinction and hence info 
ses of extinction and hence inform both early warning systems and management interventions. pos 
 extinction and hence inform both early warning systems and management interventions. possibly  
ata on changing patterns of prehistoric human population density, resource use and environmenta 
an population density, resource use and environmental impacts, and also on changing patterns of 
 reviews of species- or region-specific case studies with minimal wider-scale ecological analys 
ven by anthropogenic impacts and future climate change. the proposed project will combine data  
rent academic fields to develop a novel interdisciplinary research programme for understanding  
ds to develop a novel interdisciplinary research programme for understanding the long-term dyna 
ayed by species with differing ecology, life history and trophic status, and will address wheth 
es of regionally extirpated or globally extinct species will also form the basis for investigat 
itical thresholds of human impact, e.g. human population density, can be identified. these rela 
426 3 bio-indicator of these changes. in this research program, we propose to work on the impacts of  
m, we propose to work on the impacts of climate change on the dynamics of vegetation in the for 
reas. because of the strong altitudinal temperature gradient, the mountain is a privileged area 
12353 1 equirements given, for round 2 offshore wind farm developments. this proposed project addresses 
434 2 role of floral phenology in restricting gene flow at a local scale. we detected isolation by ti 
oductive events mainly occur between co-flowering trees, and pollen flow is asymmetric. early f 
7261 1 ation process in the mediterranean this invasive species complex. for this we will develop a ne 
14691 1 d biotic factors responsible of them. 5 experimental study of the responses in the community of 
15532 3                             climate and land use changes are recognized as the major drivers of 
y species have been identified as major environmental problems related to desertification. but  
ls to foresee the impact of climate and land use changes in this area.  
15150 2 . to accomplish this central goal, this project proposal is based on the high-resolution palyno 
e and interactions of fire, climate and human activities in the evolution of plant formations f 
2081 5                                         climate change will be used as input data for the model 
         climate change will be used as input data for the models. uncertainty will be addresse 
ed throughout such simulations. coupled atmospheric chemistry and transport models will be used 
te ozone damage on crops. the resulting crop production functions are used in the economic mode 
ted, to explore the effects of expected structural changes in agriculture in the comming decade 
14319 9 kes and have active fisheries providing local populations with a relatively cheap source of pro 
wever, human-induced changes, including climate change, can have significant effects on primary 
understanding of ecosystem function and food web processes is required. for instance, food web  
eb processes is required. for instance, food web efficiency may greatly depend on the amount of 
ncy may greatly depend on the amount of organic carbon transiting through the microbial food we 
carbon transiting through the microbial food web, known to be important in these lakes. lake ki 
alien species introduction and possibly climate change, which have affected the lakes biodivers 
 years. in addition, the simple pelagic food web of the lake facilitates our understanding of e 
methodologies used and developed in the research project could be applied to other large africa 
11336 6  debated and not widely accepted by the scientific community. we have discovered a number of si 
rom the valsequillo basin, preserved in volcanic ash, for which we have obtained some prelimina 
dating techniques to be used are at the cutting edge of the technology available and we will tr 
 at the time of formation was that of a volcanic ash sequence deposited from a small volcano in 
anning. this will produce very accurate digital images, maps and casts of the prints which is t 
being the last part in the dispersal of modern humans across the continents.  
7028 3           understanding what determines plant diversity and functioning of grassland ecosystems 
s or arbuscular-mycorhizal fungi affect plant community diversity and structure by creating soi 
s enriched in nutrients and/or amf. the laboratory experiment indirectly addresses earthworm-am 
10660 3 ists in focused research activities and scientific exchange for a two year period. in addition  
nally sponsored research in the region. project scientists will make new developments in monito 
he region. project scientists will make new developments in monitoring will hold a scientific w 
9886 3 ists in focused research activities and scientific exchange for a two year period. in addition  
nally sponsored research in the region. project scientists will make new developments in monito 
he region. project scientists will make new developments in monitoring will hold a scientific w 
11723 2 elta 13c between mangrove, seagrass and coral reef biotopes. these three variables will influen 
or confounding effects of metabolism on carbon isotope balances.  
12601 1 ource issues. the study will develop a `case study` of how this better understanding of the str 
13339 8 nsmissible, cost effective and provides added value to the currently independent data sources o 
vide a robust statistical structure for analytical tests and for the eventual estimates of stoc 
g forecasting of future options so that policy makers can generate appropriate strategies for m 
mitments of the institutes concerned to long term monitoring. it will also provide the necessar 
ailable data.. this network already has long term data sets for biodiversity indicators eg butt 
ork already has long term data sets for biodiversity indicators eg butterflies and birds but th 
habitats that can be linked to specific biodiversity indicators. these will be identified using 
 scaling that can be tested to show the added value of integration. other work packages will pr 
15584 2 across large regions, and much existing environmental policy is specifically targeted at specie 
as well as recommendations for european policy making.  
12029 4                marine chemical ecology: biodiversity indicators and development. ecimar aimed a 
diterranean sea, and more precisely the dominant species of the coralligenous and semi-dark cav 
 coralligenous and semi-dark caves. the first steps included an inventory, a collection and a s 
 levels. a chemical fingerprint issues. scientific publications since the beginning of the proj 
15174 1 he nearest or more related populations. genetic information allows to detect the presence in th 
15351 8 g or re-emerging. the wildlife plays an important role as uncontrolled reservoir of many of the 
f many of these diseases. nevertheless, human activities are often responsible of the increase  
ease the probability of contact between human beings and wildlife, mainly with those species th 
s, and to know through which mechanisms human activities promote such changes. the objectives o 
ccus sp., using as sentinel species the wild boar, the synantropic carnivores owned by habitant 
asing the knowledge about the impact of human activities in the presence and prevalence of the  
akes place. it will also be helpful for public authorities to implement actuations to limit dis 
rities to implement actuations to limit disease transmission.  
2084 3 larly the calanus finmarchicus, plays a key role in the transformation of biomass from lower to 
ll be on analyses of a large variety of time series from hydrography, currents, zooplankton, to 
model results will be evaluated against time series on abundance and distribution of 0-group fi 
13317 2 ealistic 5. testing these approaches in case study areas and expanding the current projections  
 provide data, scenarios and associated confidence limits so that policy markers and land manag 
15568 2 across europe under the joint impact of climate change and human-induced shift in land use. one 
imate change and human-induced shift in land use. one of the most spectacular change concerns t 
2018 3  the interacting effects of genetic and environmental factors. evidence shows that habitat frag 
s in smaller populations with decreased genetic variation and increased risk of inbreeding. mor 
l use state-of-the-art microarray-based gene expression technologies and physiological experime 
15530 6 ility and is increasingly threatened by land use and climate changes, and associated effects on 
increasingly threatened by land use and climate changes, and associated effects on disturbance  
understanding the relationships between ecosystem structure and function, as well as the potent 
es in semiarid ecosystems, and identify critical points of degradation-agradation dynamics, as  
dynamics, as well as to investigate how plant diversity modulates these feedbacks and coupled d 
n semiarid ecosystems such as water and soil conservation, and plant productivity. the specifc  
12040 3  also pointed out the need for reliable early warning systems for marine invasive species.  
pointed out the need for reliable early warning systems for marine invasive species.  
liable early warning systems for marine invasive species.  
519 6 local and european scales. the regional natural parks play a specific role in this stake due to 
nd the national federation for regional natural parks . the identification of corridors will be 
idors will be done using new methods of remote sensing. the management of corridors in rural ar 
sensing. the management of corridors in rural areas will be analyzed on different scales in rel 
ilize a whole of techniques in oriented remote sensing with the objective to define structures  
a and surveys on the structures and the political aspects relevant to regional scales. from a p 
7182 4 ly limit the spread of carpobrotus. the major problem after eradication of witch - claws lies i 
er eradication of witch - claws lies in soil erosion phenomena that occur when the slope is ste 
bridization to high frequency, the very important role of pollinators, dissemination fruit / se 
 in the biodiversity and functioning of coastal ecosystems invaded  
10152 2 ty to shift distribution in response to climate change. exploring the relative importance of th 
a mate. this study therefore provides a unique opportunity to explore the consequences of range 
11496 2 ty to shift distribution in response to climate change. exploring the relative importance of th 
a mate. this study therefore provides a unique opportunity to explore the consequences of range 
13466 12                             broad scale forest fires have determined the post-glacial dynamics  
rmined the post-glacial dynamics in the boreal forests and are important for e.g. biodiversity. 
pe has decreased dramatically since the middle ages. today most of the forest fires are part of 
ince the middle ages. today most of the forest fires are part of low intensity and small scale  
effects of broad scale natural fires in modern times on soil and water chemistry as well as on  
isms is thus limited. according to many climate models there will be an increased risk of futur 
ere will be an increased risk of future forest fires in boreal forests. it is thus of utmost im 
ncreased risk of future forest fires in boreal forests. it is thus of utmost importance to take 
the rare events of broad scale fires in boreal forests to increase our understanding of the eff 
ase our understanding of the effects of forest fires on the above factors. such fires occurred  
a sites each in bodträskfors and muddus national park, using adjacent unburnt forests as refere 
anding of the importance of large scale forest fires for the functioning and the dynamics of bo 
7635 14 etals in accumulating plants for use in chemical processes for clean and simple syntheses requi 
bjectives are the development of a real chemical industry valuation of contaminated biomass, pr 
. beyond the environmental effects, the health risks are real: recent examples of concern and b 
tals, can contain more than 1% of their dry matter zn nor, cd or cu. both techniques are comple 
 species adapted to the metal stress. a major issue that remains unresolved is the fate of the  
t remains unresolved is the fate of the air plant biomass in which the metallic species came to 
ecies as catalysts for high value-added chemical reactions. indeed, the tolerant plants and hyp 
r of transition metals commonly used in organic chemistry. . most of them are developed on an i 
reas of economic life. the conventional industrial production of these catalysts are expensive  
gy from ores. it also has a significant environmental impact. ecochim engineering program aims  
es. the ultimate goal is to have a real chemical industry valuation of natural remediation proc 
nderpinning the program; she joined the plant ecology, microbial ecology, ecology of population 
robial ecology, ecology of populations, analytical chemistry and organic chemistry ecological.  
f populations, analytical chemistry and organic chemistry ecological. the transfer company and  
15205 2 were selected in order to incorporate a wide range of cases: a discrete and sexual polymorphism 
phism if the nectar robbers represent a selective pressure opposite to the one exerted by the p 
14963 5 odynamic constraints, there is always a trade-off between efficiency and rate. recently, we hav 
 this high power is at the expense of a high degree of dissipation. in contrast, when extracell 
 fields such as metabolism, ecology and evolutionary biology. the work outlined in the current  
nciples as well as methods derived from game theory and population dynamics. some of the predic 
as methods derived from game theory and population dynamics. some of the predictions derived fr 
10471 14           fuelled by concerns about the environmental impact of human activities, climate chang 
cerns about the environmental impact of human activities, climate change and its affect on the  
vironmental impact of human activities, climate change and its affect on the diversity, abundan 
 and animals have become among the most important issues of modern science. in this context, my 
s that are the base of the global ocean food web. their sensitivity to environmental change, e. 
rol the success of higher levels of the food chain. i focus on the fossil remains of calcareous 
il remains of calcareous nannoplankton, microscopic algae that secrete intricate calcite and/or 
secrete intricate calcite and/or by the chemical breakdown of rocks. to investigate this event  
gate this event i will collect detailed fossil records and compare with records of plankton bur 
the palaeoceanography and palaeoclimate research group, which is actively investigating critica 
ely investigating critical intervals of climate change, and will collaborate with the us funded 
ing at sediments from a global array of marine environments to record species differences assoc 
to a rapid increase in atmospheric co2. calcium carbonate dissolves in acid and given the impor 
. thirdly, i want to know whether rapid climate change today or at the petm is important in con 
10049 7 stems face changing environments over a wide range of time-scales, from yearly changes to those 
nging environments over a wide range of time-scales, from yearly changes to those occurring ove 
onmental change has been intensified by human activities. therefore, a key task for understandi 
tems, and for predicting the impacts of human activity on those systems, is to understand how e 
 ecosystem function. by virtue of rapid generation times and very large population sizes, they  
 bacteria have been widely used to test evolutionary hypotheses in vitro, but no previous studi 
 the interaction between ecological and evolutionary processes in ecosystems facing environment 
2502 6                            the rate and absolute magnitude of climate change in the last 150 ye 
     the rate and absolute magnitude of climate change in the last 150 years is expected to be  
xperiment in unusually rapid selection. coastal ecosystems in general, and intertidal systems i 
are likely to be profoundly affected by climate change because human impacts have already under 
increasing temperatures associated with global warming. the proposal will contribute toward a p 
ive model of climate induced changes in coastal ecosystems and appropriate societal responses.  
14904 1 he carballedo hatchery, using trout and sea trout captured in the river lerez in all possible c 
10164 1              the occurrence of emerging infectious diseases represent a substantial global thre 
11247 1              the occurrence of emerging infectious diseases represent a substantial global thre 
9859 21                                         invasive species are a major threat to global biodivers 
 with human introductions. the american grey squirrel, following multiple introductions into eu 
ope, has had a massive impact on native red squirrel populations in the uk, italy and ireland,  
nd ireland, causing major shifts in the red squirrel s range. in addition, grey squirrels in th 
 the red squirrel s range. in addition, grey squirrels in the uk have had an important impact o 
 disperse widely from italy, displacing red squirrels and harming agroindustry across europe. u 
models predict the expansion of italian grey squirrels into france and switzerland within 20-30 
0 years. hypotheses. however, models of grey squirrel expansion have been parameterized approxi 
alian, british and irish populations of grey squirrels have expanded at substantially different 
ers of introduced individuals different expansion rates are due primarily to different levels o 
re due primarily to different levels of genetic diversity in the grey squirrel populations in i 
rent levels of genetic diversity in the grey squirrel populations in italy and the uk. the rela 
lative contributions of both factors to expansion rates will be assessed. results may have majo 
irrels, and trapping programs and other field work at two italian and two british sites, one in 
s and reds. management implications. if expansion rate of grey squirrels in italy is strongly l 
ment implications. if expansion rate of grey squirrels in italy is strongly limited by low gene 
els in italy is strongly limited by low genetic diversity, it will be important to prevent the  
ereby increasing diversity and speeding expansion rate. this could be accomplished by eradicati 
roductions, even of a few squirrels. if expansion rate is limited by competition from red squir 
ion rate is limited by competition from red squirrels, it will be essential to prevent the intr 
sion patterns are an important tool for conservation policy. the proposed research may help to  
11784 2 relatives, which include parasites of a wide range of invertebrates, most famously msx disease  
ental sequences will be used to improve phylogenetic reconstructions of endomyxa and their rela 
14546 4 thors have recognized the boundaries as active transport surfaces between adjacent ecosystems a 
 several ecological attributes: biomass turnover rate, species diversity, spatial complexity, n 
ity in human exploitation, as different land uses, then an increase in transport intensity is l 
e functional connections because of the land uses changes which have occurred between points in 
13480 5 . examples of such disturbances include climate change, overexploitation of natural resources,  
ude climate change, overexploitation of natural resources, invasion of alien species and destru 
es and destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats. the aims of the present project are t 
sitivity and elasticity analysis at the community level. we believe that the new approaches to  
ervation biology by identifying fragile ecosystem structures and keystone species.  
12346 2 d in the intertidal environment. if the waste material from one site can be used to enhance ano 
ged material for coastal protection and habitat conservation and will enable the uk to support  
11410 6 ned with the ecological consequences of genetic variation. ecological communities are made up o 
rmining the outcome of infection on the host community, and the resultant change in host commun 
 community, and the resultant change in host community species biodiversity. secondary aims are 
sity plays in conjunction with parasite genetic diversity in shaping grassland community struct 
tion management policy on how important genetic diversity is in maintaining species biodiversit 
ersity on the ecology of yellow rattle. genetic analysis of yellow rattle will be undertaken at 
9964 6 ned with the ecological consequences of genetic variation. ecological communities are made up o 
rmining the outcome of infection on the host community, and the resultant change in host commun 
 community, and the resultant change in host community species biodiversity. secondary aims are 
sity plays in conjunction with parasite genetic diversity in shaping grassland community struct 
tion management policy on how important genetic diversity is in maintaining species biodiversit 
ersity on the ecology of yellow rattle. genetic analysis of yellow rattle will be undertaken at 
10638 5 evolved and is maintained by sexual and natural selection. however, we know little about why ev 
. for example, many fishes have evolved new forms in lakes, but not in rivers, including stickl 
totilapia calliptera help determine how evolutionary processes may be altered by modern environ 
cs of the university of bristol and the natural history museum will provide a positive learning 
tion genetics, experimental ecology and molecular phylogenetics.  
7688 4                                    this research project builds on the results achieved by the  
ine what is the flexibility in terms of agricultural production systems to set up or restore. . 
rategies of organizing the diversity of crop rotations and crop sequences associated. . on this 
 establishment of frames. this new diva research program will allow lawyers to deepen their res 
10722 1 f laboratory and field experiments, and data analysis from field surveys in both the uk and the 
2117 1 ion going some 5000 years back into the bronze age. however, increases in numbers sheep density 
7603 2 cal improvement soils affected by daily human activities and global changes. vivasol the projec 
diversity, especially lombricidés, as a key element that can effectively control soil adaptabil 
7632 13 ct to european regulations. now, if the climate changes, these crop areas may be limited. our g 
nd common species for which we will use statistical models that will calculate crop areas with  
l calculate crop areas with and without climate change. within an interdisciplinary group of la 
r the regulation of changes produced by climate change on crop areas. the idea is to imagine in 
 a changing world. habitat destruction, invasive species and climate change are the most import 
bitat destruction, invasive species and climate change are the most important threats to the bi 
y of ecosystem services. in particular, global warming is affecting forest ecosystems at multip 
particular, global warming is affecting forest ecosystems at multiple levels: species distribut 
ability of forests to these changes for forest management planning and conservation of these ha 
eir environmental aspirations face this climate change. it is essential to choose, design and i 
nt of collection areas, however, if the climate changes, the provenance areas will no longer be 
ion denouveaux genotypes on sites where local populations are already established but also on t 
 economic challenges posed by these new forest resources  
13721 4 oal is to integrate studies of adaptive genetic variation in natural populations with ecologica 
f populations at varying ecological and genetic distances will be quantified to evaluate the re 
tified to evaluate the relative role of genetic drift versus locally varying selection pressure 
pecific populations is important, since gene flow is generally thought to erode local adaptatio 
15318 4 s have been traditionally considered as binary systems and studied in isolation from the effect 
 the performance of pollen germination, pollen tube growth or ovule fertilization. we formulate 
y of important parameters of the sexual reproductive system of animal-pollinated plants, includ 
t set, seed size, outcrossing rate, and genetic diversity and relatedness of maternal seed prog 
15131 9 erse habitats including soil, water and marine sediments. recently, strains of this genus have  
ing nodules. in the last four years our research group has isolated many micromonospora strains 
r. taxonomic studies carried out by our research team indicate that many of these isolates repr 
ese isolates represent new species. the significant numbers of micromonospora populations in th 
e complete set of genes responsible for nitrogen fixation in legumes also remains to be studied 
monospora and frankia suggest a lateral gene transfer between these microorganisms and deserves 
d light into our understanding of their evolutionary history. our work has shown that micromono 
y to produce secondary metabolites with biological activity. therefore some of these molecules  
an play a significant role in low-input sustainable agriculture application for crops. with the 
9921 1 tween larval chironomid communities and ecosystem structure: for example, assessing the specifi 
7700 4                                 organic waste products the level where objects are units of pro 
ts of production, processing and use of organic materials, stakeholder groups and where process 
cesses are transformations and flows of organic materials, regulations, and costs. for both lev 
 region. consideration of situations in developing countries will increase the contrast, which  
7717 1 r significant mobilization costs of the raw material. forest plantations  
11071 3 ent aims to highlight the importance of climate change in relation to the ecology and viability 
 the ecology and viability of plant and animal species. climatic patterns worldwide are changin 
e following issues: to what extent does global warming impact on the biology of particular spec 
15209 1  in a framework of climatic change, and human activities, can affect the dynamics of communitie 
7606 2 re the realities and the ecological and social issues of these spaces shared gardens and home g 
d gardens for ecological engineering in urban areas this research aims to provide answers to th 
7695 2  the results: institutional approach to development projects, relationships between characteris 
ionships between characteristics of the green belt and agricultural activities, practices and s 
2527 5                            the rate and absolute magnitude of climate change in the last 150 ye 
     the rate and absolute magnitude of climate change in the last 150 years is expected to be  
xperiment in unusually rapid selection. coastal ecosystems in general, and intertidal systems i 
are likely to be profoundly affected by climate change because human impacts have already under 
ive model of climate induced changes in coastal ecosystems and appropriate societal responses.  
14891 2      the direct and indirect effects of climate change are likely to affect the distribution of 
ne to assess the current state of scots pine forests in eastern spain at the regional scale, qu 
7198 5 cological services: biomass production, soil conservation and biodiversity, and carbon storage, 
 on ecological processes, technical and social innovation processes and their interactions, to  
techniques and more sustainable systems support systems. work proceeds in four fields of study  
hysical sciences / technical sciences / social sciences, will strengthen the northern and south 
e complex innovations for intensive but sustainable agriculture  
13929 5 and sustainable methods for controlling insect pests. to achieve this we must understand the pr 
les will be added to all stands. beetle population growth rate will be used as dependent variab 
 added to all stands. beetle population growth rate will be used as dependent variable. we also 
 population growth rate will be used as dependent variable. we also intend to continue to follo 
d to continue to follow and analyse the population dynamics of leaf beetles and their natural e 
14481 1 large regions to priorise activities of ecological restoration.  
15294 11                               soil is a natural resource with a high socio-economic value, but  
ons but is very sensitive to changes in land uses and the presence of contaminants. mining acti 
hey are a continuous source of risk for heavy metal pollution to soil, air, surface water and g 
its content in soil in order to develop risk assessment systems. the risk caused to organisms i 
il factors such as watering regime, ph, organic matter content, clay, etc.. which will influenc 
sing the level of metals in soil is the first step to determine risk level. however, chemical a 
 step to determine risk level. however, chemical analysis alone is not adequate to comprehensiv 
 and to assess their transfer along the food web. however, monitoring campaigns to determine th 
effect on soil biota. in this sense the new technologies of molecular biology applied to the de 
. in this sense the new technologies of molecular biology applied to the development of biosens 
o assess metal transference in the soil food web 4- to design the methodology t  
15295 4 m with an unlimited capability to store toxic waste without generating, at least in the short t 
ste without generating, at least in the short term, undesirable effects. it was in 1972 with th 
hen it was recognized that soils were a natural resource that needed a special protection in or 
 analyse the spatial variability in the heavy metal content in soils, the available fraction an 
14230 8           it is increasingly clear that environmental degradation and scarcity play a key role  
nmental degradation and scarcity play a key role in conflicts and instability and consequently  
the extent that needs for resources and environmental services can be met without damaging sust 
systems. growing disequilibrium between human beings and other species is now increasing becaus 
 infrastructures, the rise in mobility, urban sprawl, agricultural practices and tourism are al 
the project: 1 to analyze political and legal status of baltic sea region concerning environmen 
ea. 3 conduct research in the fields of environmental policy, environmental impact assessment,  
 in the fields of environmental policy, environmental impact assessment, management and educati 
14204 1  effect on structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. such analyses will provide us upscal 
11050 3 lting from geographical isolation, is a driving force in speciation, but he also thought that p 
ric speciation. during the last decade, mathematical models have shown that sympatric speciatio 
 comparison with an est library for the oil palm, provide possible functions for any orfs found 
11841 3 lting from geographical isolation, is a driving force in speciation, but he also thought that p 
ric speciation. during the last decade, mathematical models have shown that sympatric speciatio 
 comparison with an est library for the oil palm, provide possible functions for any orfs found 
15108 1 cture-function of aquatic ecosystems to climate change.  
14770 3  the andean rivers and the scarce water management tools available in andean countries and on t 
ies to improve and increase their water quality control and management of the andean watersheds 
utilization in zones where material and human resources are scarce. in addition, these results  
14807 1 nt or absent. from this point stems the central objective of this project, the main aim of whic 
10062 3 geneous landscapes, or those where some habitat types have been lost, act as barriers to the mo 
cology, principally pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating, to sediments that have accumulated  
to such stakeholders, as well as to the scientific community and to the wider public.  
7708 1 n the logic of the millennium ecosystem assessment work results in the field of aquaculture. we 
7661 5                      urban pigeon is an integral part of urban ecosystems worldwide. despite it 
worldwide. despite its pervasiveness in urban areas and proximity to urban dwellers, there is l 
iveness in urban areas and proximity to urban dwellers, there is little known to scientists. ob 
racterize the main zoonoses pigeon from blood samples and droppings. ec2: sampling of 2,000 pig 
ity of the pigeon. ec6: correlative and experimental study of the influence of individual chara 
7203 7 rs are among those most responsible for crop losses worldwide. management relies heavily on the 
these products represents a significant financial burden for farmers and it frequently leads to 
imensions to be interested in the whole life cycle of organisms and habitats that they all atte 
nd and, secondly, largely determine the population dynamics through recurrent episodes of dispe 
osystem compartments. adapting to their host plant- plant will be the first part of the project 
lity combining graph theory and dynamic game theory will also be developed to study the impact  
mies; this knowledge will help identify risk factors for the protection of plants and offer the 
14163 10                                         climate change is able to initate modifications in mari 
nge is able to initate modifications in marine ecosystems, the most radical ones are so called  
shifts. these abrupt reorganizations of ecosystem structure may alter biodiversity and carrying 
em structure may alter biodiversity and carrying capacity, together with a changed balance in e 
ity, together with a changed balance in energy transfer through the pelagic and benthic systems 
s. in addition to climate, a variety of human activities may either modify the climate-induced  
a shift to exogenous feeding during the larval stage is the most critical life history stage wh 
g the larval stage is the most critical life history stage where failure to find suitable food  
ct is to describe and analyze, based on long term, datasets individual and population-level per 
population-level performance of various life history stages of marine fish in the gulf of riga  
15062 2 is kind of mimicry is very common among bird species worldwide but is still poorly studied, in  
in the first case, we will focus on the learning processes, represented by either true imitatio 
14633 4                            the study of social behaviour and cooperation among vertebrates is a 
 and cooperation among vertebrates is a central issue in evolutionary biology. the paradox of t 
among vertebrates is a central issue in evolutionary biology. the paradox of the seemingly altr 
h general implications in the fields of evolutionary biology, behavioural ecology, socio-biolog 
14801 2          organisms combining sexual and asexual reproduction in their life cycle are good model 
exual and asexual reproduction in their life cycle are good models for investigating ecological 
15311 1  just one or a few species of each kind evolutionary biologists have devoted a large body of re 
6739 6  plants from nurseries and greenhouses. global climate change can also facilitate dispersal and 
 from nurseries and greenhouses. global climate change can also facilitate dispersal and probab 
ese changes are fast on an evolutionary time scale; therefore only species capable of quickly a 
e will look at ecological tolerance and life history strategies in model populations of widely  
s-pairs. we will conduct laboratory and field observations and experiments on developmental sta 
sticity. such plasticity, especially in life history parameters, is of high adaptive value ther 
14124 7 dered one of the most important aims of environmental policy in europe. the botanical focus of  
 grasslands has been to protect rare or endangered species that are characteristic to these com 
 successful conservation and management experimental study of endangered species has been an in 
on and management experimental study of endangered species has been an inevitable part of activ 
lishment and further growth of selected endangered species will be studied in a series of field 
ology of disturbance-related herbs. our working hypotheses are: regime and can play a major rol 
play a major role in the recruitment of endangered species. the results of our research will be 
15033 4 with current trends of climatic change, invasive species are predicted to become more numerous  
d to become more numerous and may cause major problems for the environment and regional ecomomi 
ies in the future. as such the study of exotic species to predict their invasion potential and  
t it is debated if we can predict which exotic species may become invasive and if there are par 
14758 1 roductive patterns studied in different human populations allow to know the influence of socio- 
10214 6 interaction between the environment and learning processes that occur early in the life histori 
rning processes that occur early in the life histories of coral reef fishes, we model the dispe 
at occur early in the life histories of coral reef fishes, we model the dispersal and subsequen 
ur early in the life histories of coral reef fishes, we model the dispersal and subsequent recr 
gy of learning in embryos and larvae of coral reef fishes. i will use results from these studie 
learning in embryos and larvae of coral reef fishes. i will use results from these studies to t 
10949 3 n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio 
oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com 
ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b 
11056 3 n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio 
oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com 
ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b 
11425 3 n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio 
oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com 
ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b 
11432 3 n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio 
oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com 
ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b 
9893 3 n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio 
oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com 
ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b 
9900 3 n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio 
oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com 
ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b 
2037 2    loss and increase of biodiversity in marine ecosystems over relatively short periods of time 
 some of the ideas will be applied in a case study of the north sea or the wadden sea. selectio 
1943 7               this project is part of a research programme that aims to develop multidisciplina 
cy strategy on agro- biodiversity. this research project is directed towards the economic impli 
doc, with a background in economics and business administration, conducts analyses taking the p 
istration, conducts analyses taking the public good theory and the new institutional economy as 
 and the new institutional economy as a starting point. with a special attention to market anal 
ting point. with a special attention to market analysis, an assessment of potential market shar 
et analysis, an assessment of potential market shares as well as an assessment of optimality of 
2103 1 is to achieve a better understanding of marine ecosystem management with a combination of ecolo 
2203 2 dget generates the largest reduction in social costs from aquatic species invasion. the ultimat 
he best management strategy for species risk management. this, in turn, requires three classes  
12513 12 y of organic farming and the effects of government policies on the organic sector and public po 
5 accounting for ca. 4% of agricultural land use on 3500 holdings, with 10-20% growth expected  
 market has also grown rapidly, with uk retail sales up 30% in 2005 to £1.6 billion. the decisi 
transparent price setting procedures in organic food markets and effective policy-making all re 
ffective policy-making all require good financial data and a soundly-based understanding of the 
rst two project objectives cover annual data collection and reporting on organic farm business  
t present, therefore some supplementary data collection is required to balance the samples to b 
m business data have been collected and annual reports on the output, costs and income situatio 
im of fully integrating organic farming data collection into the main annual farm business surv 
s, aberystwyth will continue to produce annual reports analysing the results for different orga 
 providing an improved understanding of key issues where policy intervention or adjustments mig 
l benefit through access to data on the financial performance of organic farms and the potentia 
14970 2  capacity of these species to cope with climate change. this main objective will be reached by  
ing out ten specific tasks scheduled to take place in continental mediterranean locations .  
14433 5 d by water stress and other unfavorable environmental factors. the majority of terrestrial plan 
a rhodopensis dehydrated at optimal and high temperatures; 2 to assess the effect of light duri 
ea growing at low or high irradiance in natural habitat. the effect of stress treatments will b 
n plants subjected to desiccation under high temperature or irradiance as well as during recove 
 too. the analysis of the dsps and hsps gene expression pattern and the expression of the main  
13870 3                                 current environmental issues in the baltic environment are the  
effects of i high light intensities . a central question to be answered is will uvbr function a 
 be answered is will uvbr function as a selective pressure thereby altering the microalgal biod 
2208 5 r project are to: • develop an adaptive management program for the sustainable use of lake recr 
ll involve o an experimental whole lake management study focused on the effect of catch and rel 
ent areas on fish community and overall ecosystem dynamics. • investigate the effects of differ 
ffects of different fish harvestings on ecosystem dynamics. focus will be on the analysis of re 
critical changes in the systems. theses management tools will be developed together with the ot 
2514 5 f the worlds largest stocks of herring, blue whiting, mackerel, capelin, cod, haddock and saith 
observed range of climatic variability, statistical models parameterised for the present climat 
al dynamics of the fish stocks over the entire life cycle and their interactions with the envir 
mics of the fish stocks over the entire life cycle and their interactions with the environment  
or present day climate and for a future climate change scenario. eco-harvest control rules for  
6729 1 f dental erodation in order to discover eating habits, to give a morphometric analysis of the l 
14988 3 r knowledge about the ecology of marine coastal waters has significantly increased. however, th 
ological problems fishes are vectors of organic carbon transport between algal assemblages and  
from contributing to increase basic and general knowledge, we expect that the outcomes of our r 
14989 3 r knowledge about the ecology of marine coastal waters has significantly increased. however, th 
ological problems fishes are vectors of organic carbon transport between algal assemblages and  
from contributing to increase basic and general knowledge, we expect that the outcomes of our r 
2073 3 rdisciplinary covering the axis ecology-social sciences aiming at identifying the determinants  
ariability and internal dynamics within plant communities can bring about long lasting transiti 
esource use and climatic variation. the social science studies are based on the expectation tha 
2086 3 rdisciplinary covering the axis ecology-social sciences aiming at identifying the determinants  
ariability and internal dynamics within plant communities can bring about long lasting transiti 
esource use and climatic variation. the social science studies are based on the expectation tha 
10720 1  commercial sector, and to regional and national governments. the ppd grant will allow us to re 
15482 1 w this, in turn, determines the spatial self-organization of species and ecosystems. the outcom 
10106 1 s within a 50 square km area of lowland rain forest. now i propose to return to these plots to  
13754 3 tal actors have human-centered aims for restoration projects based on particular expertise and  
 funding is allocated towards ecosystem restoration projects based upon articulated aims of eit 
ore inherent tensions in, and potential added values of, restoration. we will: propose ways to  
11402 6          given increasing political and public concern for the environment, and resulting chang 
vely managed or restored grasslands are key elements of managed and natural landscapes, and mee 
pothesis and its relevance to local and regional development by producing a conceptual model of 
and regional development by producing a conceptual model of relationships among plant and micro 
f local stakeholders, land managers and policy makers, to meet these needs by transferring know 
 rural development will be delivered to policy makers. outreach to managers and the public will 
481 2          given increasing political and public concern for the environment, and resulting chang 
ified, and their relationships to plant-microbial diversity linkages analysed. wp6 will use a s 
10141 4 ystem services in response to high risk natural hazards and accelerated environmental changes w 
 and increase resilience of the poor of natural hazards, and enhancing the capacity of central  
d enhancing the capacity of central and local authorities to co-ordinate and implement the mana 
t schemes by the engagement with policy/decision makers from the early consortium building stag 
11169 4 ystem services in response to high risk natural hazards and accelerated environmental changes w 
 and increase resilience of the poor of natural hazards, and enhancing the capacity of central  
d enhancing the capacity of central and local authorities to co-ordinate and implement the mana 
t schemes by the engagement with policy/decision makers from the early consortium building stag 
13987 8                                         agricultural production is expected to continue to expa 
to expand globally, despite substantial trade-offs with other ecosystem services. this has led  
stinct bundles that change with altered land uses, spatial scales and management practices, and 
ica, where we have substantial previous field experience and are well connected to researchers, 
ll connected to researchers, actors and policy makers. both landscapes contain large-scale comm 
ial farming, small-scale farming, and a national park/nature reserve. using case studies from t 
mall-scale farming, and a national park/nature reserve. using case studies from two widely diff 
d a national park/nature reserve. using case studies from two widely different landscapes will  
7675 11 ltiple spatial and temporal scales. our interdisciplinary research team proposes to explore thi 
 temporal scales. our interdisciplinary research team proposes to explore this network hypothes 
nder combined scenarios of land-use and climate change for the grenoble urban region in the fre 
 ecosystem services are interconnected. trade-offs and synergies will be quantified by a specif 
 the urban region, we will focus on two case study sub-systems: the intensively farmed valley u 
andscape of forests and grasslands in a mountain range south of the city. as beneficiaries of e 
 be involved in formulating the project working hypotheses and scenarios. these scenarios will  
. these scenarios will build on current urban planning exercises by public authorities, and dow 
 on current urban planning exercises by public authorities, and downscaling of land-use and cli 
rities, and downscaling of land-use and climate change projections. we will engage stakeholders 
ison of scenarios and the assessment of trade-offs in order to foster a dialog on development p 
14328 1                                 in this research proposal, we target to provide insight on the  
12594 12 rategic mapping and spatial analysis of public benefits . the overall aim of this defra project 
ill assess the availability of data and scientific evidence on peatland ecosystem service provi 
ity of the evidence base using detailed case studies. the concept of ecosystem services is inte 
erdisciplinary and critically linked to human welfare and societal choice. therefore, a transdi 
partnership, one of the biggest uk peat restoration projects, in collaboration with internation 
and and lowland peatlands demonstration case study sites in different states of degradation and 
system services for each site. for each case study we will identify and map key ecosystem servi 
 provided by peat. the project team has direct access to a large number of potential sites and  
t flows for ecosystem services from the case study sites and map opportunity and conflict zones 
he transferability of results from each case study to other areas. as a result the project will 
to provide recommendations to scope and set-up a phase 2 peatland ecosystem service project in  
linary approach by involving social and environmental scientists and key stakeholders from the  
7629 8  major environmental challenge. indeed, urban areas are characterized by extreme human impacts  
describe the impact of threats to non - urban areas for decades, and propose appropriate manage 
service of pollination in urban and non-urban areas. the ever increasing impact of human activi 
an areas. the ever increasing impact of human activities on the biosphere is strongly linked to 
of cities worldwide, almost 50 % of the human population lives in cities grimm [ 2008 ]. in met 
, more than ¾ of the population live in urban areas, which currently cover nearly 20 % of the t 
y native species or the introduction of exotic species reach extreme values ​​in urban areas. w 
xotic species reach extreme values ​​in urban areas. well, this denotes the cities as a new bio 
1092 2                                     the research program aims at comparing the relationship bet 
so to study the brackish bentho-pelagic food webs. the analysis of multispectral and multiscala 
15116 5 uate the quality of the territory using biodiversity indicators at landscape and ecosystem leve 
iodiversity of soil and the aboveground plant communities. the proposed methodology and sustain 
 the way these services are affected by human activities. it is also expected to establish, if  
heritage critical level, defined as the natural resources essential and impossible to replace a 
 it is expected to provide planning and management tools, and also to offer future sceneries of 
15117 5 uate the quality of the territory using biodiversity indicators at landscape and ecosystem leve 
iodiversity of soil and the aboveground plant communities. the proposed methodology and sustain 
 the way these services are affected by human activities. it is also expected to establish, if  
heritage critical level, defined as the natural resources essential and impossible to replace a 
 it is expected to provide planning and management tools, and also to offer future sceneries of 
7168 2 es that ensure the stability of lowland deciduous forests. the results show that a representati 
ative ectomycorrhizal community of many deciduous forests of western and central europe plain i 
7565 2 ommunities associated with two types of deciduous forests, one materialized by an old oak grove 
r questions, statements and mycorrhizal fruiting bodies will be performed at various spatial an 
14946 1 ants threatened populations and for the ecological restoration of their habitats, especially wh 
13741 4 mentation on biodiversity with focus on boreal forest edges. the main objective is to assess th 
ture of edges are quantified in digital aerial photographs. vascular plants, lichens and beetle 
odel will be constructed for predicting edge effects on biodiversity at landscape level. expect 
evel. expected outputs include width of buffer zones around key biotopes, minimum patch size fo 
13318 1 rtium so constituted unites the premier natural history collections-based institutions, to prog 
15269 5  the nitrogen total inputs to evergreen holm oak forests in the northeastern region of the iber 
nitrogen total inputs to evergreen holm oak forests in the northeastern region of the iberian p 
al models in use for the calculation of critical loads for n will be applied, in order to deter 
determine the protection state of these holm oak forests.  
mine the protection state of these holm oak forests.  
199 3 wing trees. saplings of european aspen, silver birch, triploid aspen and hybrid aspen will be g 
humidity might decrease with increasing growth rate both at the level of one species and in com 
cy in mineral nutrients and decrease in growth rate. experiments in growth chambers and leaf ch 
2055 1 and without particular adaptations. the research team combines molecular, phylogeographic, and  
15302 1                                     the freshwater fish fauna of the western mediterranean has  
198 4 nal morphology and electrophysiology in click beetles and ground beetles . functioning of anten 
onment will be given much attention. by gas chromatography-electroantennography method chemical 
heromone and kairomone communication in click beetles and ground beetles will be studied. mecha 
se insects will be explained also. some international cooperation with swedish pheromone chemis 
7123 3 n the capabilities of mineralization of organic matter, the possibility of alteration of soil m 
the composition and functioning of soil microbial populations. so we are in the situation where 
e a central element in the stability of forest ecosystems, absorbing unit  
538 7 ationship between environmental change, land use changes, biodiversity, and functioning of fore 
anges, biodiversity, and functioning of forest ecosystems. the network has a strong focus on de 
essing the impact of environmental- and land use changes on microbial diversity and function an 
 environmental- and land use changes on microbial diversity and function and exploring the evol 
ly by taking into account the impact of forest management on microbial diversity below ground c 
ount the impact of forest management on microbial diversity below ground can one hope to get a  
useful information for conservation and policy making.  
6910 2 r management strategies on the fauna of apple orchards. an apple orchard with integrated plant  
gies on the fauna of apple orchards. an apple orchard with integrated plant projection will be  
15289 2 . the aim of this subproject is analyse plant diversity of arable fields and field boundaries r 
 definition of a balanced management of crop production and biodiversity conservation in medite 
7202 5 the project and expected results of the research project concerns microger microbial ecology in 
gy in agricultural and forest soils and environmental issues related to it. the soil is one of  
the soil is one of larger reservoirs of microbial diversity. the composition and functioning of 
 in other words, genetic and functional microbial diversity of agricultural and forest ecosyste 
microbial diversity of agricultural and forest ecosystems nont never been associated. the netwo 
12507 3 reliance on legume derived nitrogen but long term fertility building leys are expensive, partic 
, iger. the project will be guided by a steering committee. benefits this project is of direct  
 be of benefit to other stakeholders eg policy makers and regulatory bodies.  
11669 13  process is expected to lead to loss of genetic variation in the region flanking the target of  
replacement of the typical morph of the peppered moth, biston betularia, by the black carbonari 
progressively eroded over time, and for genetic diversity to have been at least partially resto 
 to both space and time, by integrating genetic information not only from samples collected at  
lection and dispersal, whose impacts on genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium are expect 
n space and time. secondly, it provides documentary evidence of a clinal selective sweep, as op 
ultiple mutational origins. patterns in genetic diversity will be explained with respect to sel 
to the understanding of science. beyond evolutionary biologists, this is relevant both to the g 
iologists, this is relevant both to the general public, who are already familiar with the story 
 are already familiar with the story of industrial melanism in peppered moths, and to environme 
ith the story of industrial melanism in peppered moths, and to environmental policy makers who  
rial melanism in peppered moths, and to environmental policy makers who need to appreciate the  
in peppered moths, and to environmental policy makers who need to appreciate the evolutionary r 
14434 4 e management of environment, studies on natural habitats’ fragmentation become more intensive.  
ine the effect of ski-runs in the pirin national park on the biodiversity of 7 model groups of  
f model groups will be determined using different approaches based on the method of study plots 
 exists, with the aim to minimizing the negative effects on biodiversity.  
10175 3                                         quantitative measurements will be made of rates of gene 
 single filaments of cyanobacteria from laboratory cultures. quantitative pcr assays will be de 
rates of rbc genes and genes coding for gas vesicle proteins will be determined in planktothrix 
7697 1 fectiveness of ecological continuity in rural areas, given that this type of space is now also  
13806 4                                         climate change will lead to shifts in species distribut 
establishment rate and pattern. we will start up by simulating fictitious species’ colonization 
 for a red-listed moss as a function of dead wood quantity and turnover under different scenari 
d turnover under different scenarios of climate change. predictions of future species distribut 
2068 1 teraction for plant seed production and population dynamics is examined. finally, an experiment 
14814 7 itions that will increase the degree of abiotic stress experienced by these areas. these change 
 proposal is to evaluate the effects of abiotic stress on two terrestrial ecosystems ecosystem  
ion, structure and functioning along an abiotic stress gradient. this proposal will provide rel 
l will provide relevant information for policy makers to establish legislation aiming to mitiga 
ation aiming to mitigate the effects of climate change, and for land managers to establish appr 
 land managers to establish appropriate land use policies in mediterranean gypsum and alpine sh 
 in europe and are highly vulnerable to climate change.  
14754 2 ysiology and the original habitat of an endangered species erica andevalensis cabezudo & rivera 
al parameters important to the study of heavy metal resistance and excluding mechanisms. the lo 
15270 1 deposition , and the secretariat of the executive body of clrtap. both institutions will be ext 
15216 4 on of atmospheric nitrogen derived from human activities through changes in different structura 
erranean scrub ecosystem represented by kermes oak thickets in a protected area in the center o 
low us to approach the knowledge of the critical load of the system, understood as the entry of 
hanged but above it shows the rapid and drastic changes such as loss of biodiversity.  
13614 2 ion in combination with new surveys and data analyses, the proposed project provides a unique o 
alyses, the proposed project provides a unique opportunity to evaluate effects of changes in cl 
2172 5 he forest-alpine transition zone due to global warming. since steep temperature-productivity gr 
, two fundamental effects are expected: remote sensing. this technology is the most sensitive a 
e to detect local and rapid change over short time periods and extensive areas at reasonable co 
 of elevation gradients, and changes in tree line and biomass stores in the mountain forest wil 
nt and growth of trees along the alpine tree line. by doing so, we will be able to provide esti 
416 4 rial forests. laminaria digitata is the dominant species along the brittany coast where it is h 
susceptibility of l. digitata stands to physical stresses. our results show that l. digitata st 
otentially threatened by the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activity. indeed, l. d 
f the populations. finally, even though genetic diversity seems to be decreasing under the effe 
2002 2  the effects of changes in temperature, water table and n input on growth and competition betwe 
h and the concentrations of the various chemical compounds that affect dead moss decomposition. 
13533 1 ect effects mediated via changes in the carrying capacity. the objectives of this project is: a 
15100 5                                 general circulation models predict an increase in temperature a 
ring the next decades. these effects of climate change are likely to affect the functioning and 
affect the functioning and structure of forest ecosystems and, ultimately, the distribution of  
eciduous oaks to analyze the effects of climate change on vegetative growth and acorn productio 
getative growth and acorn production of holm oak and deciduous oaks by modelling techniques.  
14920 7 limate exerts a major influence on soil organic carbon content and, consequently, there is incr 
ks resulting in the stimulation of soil organic matter mineralization with associated release o 
associated release of co2 and dissolved organic carbon describing the possible mechanisms invol 
d and feedback effects by developping a mathematical model which would allow to link biodiversi 
ch would allow to link biodiversity and carbon cycle. these three aims will provide a better un 
nal response of peatlands ecosystems to global warming and, therefore, will reduce uncertainati 
, will reduce uncertainaties for future climate change predictions.  
15397 10 ces for the distribution, phenology and life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming majo 
d life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming majority of studies conducted in the palae 
onents of the ecosystem are affected by climate change. in the present project, variation in li 
e. in the present project, variation in life history traits of some bird species is examined in 
ariation in life history traits of some bird species is examined in relation to environmental f 
in aims are to study the: 1. effects of climate warming on life history traits of birds using l 
y the: 1. effects of climate warming on life history traits of birds using long-term data in me 
mediterranean ecosystems. 4. effects of climate change on demographic parameters of coexisting  
species in the mediterranean region. 5. genetic diversity and differentiation of insectivorous  
in wetlands and their implications in a climate change scenario.  
15384 2  recent decades and atmospheric general circulation models , and will try to determine whether  
ssociated with corresponding changes in plant community composition, structure or ecophysiologi 
2139 7 obes and soil fauna use litter and soil organic matter as energy, carbon and nutrient sources f 
 increase in the mineralisation of soil organic matter by microbes and microarthropods, which a 
cies, species and population densities, life cycles, population dynamics and turnover in microa 
 and population densities, life cycles, population dynamics and turnover in microarthopod commu 
d research will be complementary to the ongoing research, and the role of the microarthropods i 
ystem will be elucidated. sampling will take place in existing field plots, in addition to esta 
urbations within the ecosystems, and by laboratory studies.  
2080 7                                         climate change may have profound effects on insects tha 
rtality and have significant impacts on forest ecosystems. the spruce bark beetle . the project 
mpacts on forest ecosystems. the spruce bark beetle . the project aims at increasing our unders 
 climatic factors influence the risk of bark beetle outbreaks through tempo-spatial analyses of 
m and the risk of damages by the spruce bark beetle will be estimated under various scenarios o 
be estimated under various scenarios of climate change. the results will be made available for  
 available for economical modelling and forest management adaptations in various districts of n 
10526 2 ses in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide , one of the centres of excellence for m 
ience in the uk and with an established track record of research into co2-driven changes in sea 
13855 2 ght and nutrient availability, existing experimental studies mainly manipulate nutrient load on 
ant growth and determine the quality of organic matter transfer to higher trophic levels. recen 
10814 10          the next fifty years will be a critical time for life on this planet. our actions with 
generation has had such responsibility. coral reefs are the most biologically diverse of marine 
fs are the most biologically diverse of marine ecosystems and are arguably the most deeply thre 
r lost worldwide largely as a result of climate change, overexploitation and pollution. we urge 
al human pressures and is on the global front line of coral reef degradation. it is also the wo 
ures and is on the global front line of coral reef degradation. it is also the world centre of  
ow they are affected by factors such as body size, size at maturity, depth range and desirabili 
reef degradation. it is the aim of this pilot project to gather data on the causes and rates of 
ocus public attention on the problem of coral reef degradation, the consequences of biodiversit 
es of biodiversity loss for today s and future generations, and the importance of action to ame 
10954 2 of the species together with associated gene flow and will be interpreted in relation to the cu 
ted number of winter samples and from a time series of samples from the eastern american seaboa 
13829 1 on polypore-living insects was done the first year. three manuscripts based on data collected e 
13467 2 opulations and the complex interplay of population dynamics and population genetics. i will use 
t are fundamental within ecological and evolutionary biology research, and of considerable rele 
11682 1 de quantitative inventories of plants . data analysis of community-wide properties of each asse 
2005 4 inities via the quality and quantity of carbon source inputs into the system. fot rerestrial ec 
estrial ecosystems, it is expected that global climate changes will affect plants most directly 
 ecosystems, it is expected that global climate changes will affect plants most directly, and t 
dance of fungi and bacteria, as well as functional groups within thes microbial groups, with pa 
12193 2           large declines in uk farmland bird populations have become a major conservation issue 
nd bird populations have become a major conservation issue and the uk government is committed t 
2095 5  de novo by the fish, but stem from the natural food of the species. carotenoids could have bot 
arotenoids could have both positive and negative effects on the viability of fish eggs and larv 
ability to avoid deleterious effects of free radicals during growth. however, too high intake o 
tain carotenoids has been shown to have negative effects. in salmon, there seems to be a consid 
evant for a proper management of viable salmon populations.  
13441 5 ked alluvial fan in the kalahari basin, north-east botswana. it comprises a rich mosaic of habi 
 and initiates forage growth during the dry season, allowing the area to support a wide variety 
ls and plants, making it a major global tourist attraction with its unique biodiversity and aes 
 strategies and to assess the potential environmental impacts of the delta´s principal conserva 
mental impacts of the delta´s principal conservation issues. this will be achieved by gathering 
423 5 rature of the whole water column in the continental shelf of the bay of biscay increased by abo 
e bay of biscay increased by about 1°c. temporal data sets from scientific trawl surveys were u 
 the three last decades, in relation to climate change and effects of fishery. during the ninet 
e effects. total landings of the french fishing fleets operating in the region reflect these ch 
geographical origin of fishes and their market value, and prices changes have been strongly inf 
7140 4              the impacts of fishing and climate change on ecological processes in maintaining e 
als -centrée. a statistical analysis of time series approach to biological, environmental and f 
ding to the effects of fishing and / or climate change. changes in commercial fisheries of the  
f temperatures and changes over time of fishing fleets on this structure will be simulated by a 
14966 2 g evidences indicate that the temperate river systems, and in particular those in the mediterra 
 to the comprehension of the effects of climate change on mediterranean stream ecosystems.  
14469 4 cale; to calculate basic descriptors of genetic diversity at species, inter- and intrapopulatio 
 and intrapopulation level; to estimate gene flow rates of different species; to identify spati 
entation that are necessary to maintain genetic diversity; to correlate genetic parameters with 
e both in situ and ex situ conservation action plans.  
7125 2                                    This research project aims to study the impact of global cha 
ntext, essential to tackle the issue of climate change impacts on biodiversity and functioning  
540 6 ful information to find out their major driving forces. understanding the impact of climate cha 
ing forces. understanding the impact of climate change on these ecosystems, the management of t 
mpile and validate several multidecadal time series of planktonic and other physical driving fo 
series of planktonic and other physical driving forces at local and regional scales. then, the  
 atlantic climate variability, although abrupt changes in different local community composition 
the north sea . on the other hand, both climate change and the improvement of trophic status in 
15184 1 logy. that is, microbial communities in inland waters are linked by dispersal making up the met 
15315 1 logy. that is, microbial communities in inland waters are connected by dispersal making up a me 
15245 2                 habitat modification by land use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss, 
scarce. landscape modification by human land use is also considered to be one of the major driv 
13953 1 ion on biodiversity of macrofauna using mussel beds as a model system. habitat loss is a main c 
13830 1 he coastal zone. the effect of juvenile growth rate on the survival during later life stages wi 
12177 4  and historic features, and they play a key role in wildlife conservation, stock management, sh 
c features, and they play a key role in wildlife conservation, stock management, shelter and er 
important future role in adaptation for climate change by facilitating the movement of species  
 on factors such as hedgerow structure. data analysis at the end of the project will inform any 
11547 7                  inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity are believed to reduce the ability of 
s and t. gallinae/l. marchouxi by feral ground dove populations on mauritius. genetic and pedig 
on in inbreeding within each endangered bird population. sympatric populations of the introduce 
ced indian ringneck parakeet and barred ground dove will provide out-bred control populations.  
mmunocompetence across breeding and non-breeding seasons and provide estimates of heritability  
nd provide estimates of heritability of immune response. existing studies assume low immunocomp 
h of the four populations using the pha skin test and hemolysis-haemagglutination assays. pha m 
2136 9 ding norwegian spring spawning herring, blue whiting, mackerel and horse mackerel. these plankt 
ing herring, blue whiting, mackerel and horse mackerel. these planktivorous stocks have substan 
 therefore remains a major challenge in marine ecology. the main goal of the project is to quan 
ntify the interactions between herring, blue whiting, mackerel and horse mackerel in the norweg 
een herring, blue whiting, mackerel and horse mackerel in the norwegian sea. this goal will be  
gh a combined effort involving historic data analysis and modeling. the project will benefit st 
their overlap and interactions over the life cycle. the project will improve our understanding  
ystem management including estimates of carrying capacity of planktivorous fish and distributio 
h and distribution of fish stocks among economic zones.  
13944 1 tem that has received a large influx of exotic species. the relative importance of local and re 
14718 6                                         land use and climate changes have been suggested as the 
                           land use and climate changes have been suggested as the two main thr 
thesised as one of the most affected by global climate change. in the particular case of spain, 
d as one of the most affected by global climate change. in the particular case of spain, it cou 
 and simulated models on the effects of climate change on species distribution and abundance. s 
enarios of simultaneously landscape and climate change on habitat suitability for the studied s 
14833 6  present the evidence of the effects of climate change on calluna heath is very limited. howeve 
ed project is to analyse the effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversi 
 analyse the effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversity, dynamic and  
effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversity, dynamic and functioning o 
et heathlands located in the cantabrian mountain range at the southern distribution limit, and  
ed, and on a large scale as a result of climate change, which can displace current conditions t 
14832 6  present the evidence of the effects of climate change on calluna heath is very limited. howeve 
ed project is to analyse the effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversi 
 analyse the effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversity, dynamic and  
effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversity, dynamic and functioning o 
et heathlands located in the cantabrian mountain range at the southern distribution limit, and  
ed, and on a large scale as a result of climate change, which can displace current conditions t 
15207 1 he project are: 1 to assess whether the water source to evaluate the impact of climatic change  
15218 1 vasion and has expanded over the doñana national park in the last decades. this crayfish is an  
13968 2 auna cause stronger reactions among the general public as cormorants, and these problems have b 
ween the nutrient content of plants and life history characteristics.  
2515 2 stitutes a key component of the pelagic food web in the north sea and north atlantic/barents se 
orth sea and north atlantic/barents sea negative effects could have a massive impact at the eco 
14184 8              recognizing the increasing chemical pollution of the environment, more agricultura 
 population later. experiments with the lethal doses provide not an entire picture of action of 
timate the effect of the reduced or sub-lethal doses. chemical intoxication with sub-lethal dos 
l doses. chemical intoxication with sub-lethal doses may alter the physiological functioning of 
r winter. even though the action of sub-lethal doses on pests has been investigated up to a cer 
of the various organ systems and mutual functional dependence. this method facilitates immediat 
l condition of insect caused by several stress factors. this project is a continuation of our p 
sed on influence of some pesticides sub-lethal doses and in elaboration of scientific grounds f 
13488 4 ocations in northern scandinavia. large mesh size reindeer exclosures and small mesh size exclo 
mesh size reindeer exclosures and small mesh size exclosures that excludes voles and lemmings w 
re. i will study how reindeer influence plant community composition, dynamics of carbon and nit 
cted to be favored by a warmer climate. field studies will be combined with mathematical modeli 
14900 3                                     the scientific community is committed to search approaches  
ty is committed to search approaches of ecological restoration that allow to conciliate ecosyst 
mprove the sustainability in the use of natural resources. the major goal of this proposal is t 
13739 1  this migration and its importance as a driving force for the transition between states. furthe 
13844 3  a large number of associated plant and animal species on the swedish west coast. the proposed  
t will be performed by a combination of field observations, field experiments, artificial cross 
l crossing experiments, and genetic and chemical analyses, where the biodiversity of associated 
12576 1  programme by evaluating the effects of heavy metal additions on soil fertility and agricultura 
11769 4  on the density-dependent regulation of population growth rates and the fecundity of their cons 
sity-dependent regulation of population growth rates and the fecundity of their constituent ind 
ndity of their constituent individuals. population growth decreases with population density as  
ditic populations. the results of these experimental studies will be used to parameterise model 
9906 4  on the density-dependent regulation of population growth rates and the fecundity of their cons 
sity-dependent regulation of population growth rates and the fecundity of their constituent ind 
ndity of their constituent individuals. population growth decreases with population density as  
ditic populations. the results of these experimental studies will be used to parameterise model 
13698 3 g programs on timber quality in planted norway spruce. effects of regeneration treatments and t 
increase the long-term profitability of norway spruce plantations in scandinavia. the hypothesi 
atments affect growth and morphology of norway spruce in a predictable way and this will also a 
15272 3 e a main process in the constitution of plant communities, which components of species mobility 
tial point patterns of the organisms in plant communities is an excellent tool that allows us t 
hip between the spatial pattern and the environmental factors allows us to evaluate the role of 
1088 4 ecomposers, soil factors, pollution and global warming, but the role of biodiversity remains ef 
. the expected results by the different research units will be used to develop a new integrated 
 model built during a previous national research programme. the simulation results will be stat 
nd stochastic approaches and the use of neural networks. this will make possible a model evalua 
15446 7 proliferate studies within the scope of climate change. we will be able to discern changes in e 
hanges in ecosystem processes caused by climate change from those of natural variability if we  
 a national action on adaptation to the climate change is enough to understand that it is very  
of temperature on earth. the effects of climate change on ecosystems, the headwater streams inc 
tion, by its repercussion on the global carbon cycle, as warming can enhance decomposition rate 
 substrates, with potentially different biotic communities, within a given region, is similar o 
n stream ecosystems under the projected climate change scenarios.  
15517 3                                         global climate change is one of the principal threats t 
                                 global climate change is one of the principal threats to the c 
important in quantifying the impacts of climate change, since it could lead to considerable und 
14790 2 species communities, if it is favouring exotic species or endangering native species, and if th 
ore specifically we pretend to describe plant communities, to predict future changes in these c 
15099 3 des. both climatic trends may alter the growing season and the phenological organization of med 
hypothesize that the lengthening of the growing season promoted by the predicted temperature ri 
proposal are: to analyse the effects of climate change on the dynamics of growth and acorn prod 
15021 6 een conditioned by different historical-political situations, particularly in the last millenni 
study, directly through the analysis of skeletal remains, the impact of migratory and/or cultur 
her nearby populations. one of the most interesting questions is the transition between local c 
us projects question the origin and the evolutionary changes of population of majorca from a bi 
cal, biochemical and genetic level. the main items to analyse are two representative funerary s 
esentative funerary series from minorca bronze age drx. all these analyses attempt to establish 
14645 5 also conditoned by different historical-political situations, particularly in the last two mile 
study, directly through the analysis of skeletal remains, the impact of migratory and/or cultur 
her nearby populations. one of the most interesting questions is the transition betwen local cu 
ical, biochemical and genetic level.the main items to analyse are: 1 bronze age minorcan necrop 
 level.the main items to analyse are: 1 bronze age minorcan necropolis from a morfological, dem 
14755 6 cies could imply several changes in the food web to which it belongs inducing, for example, fur 
e relationship between biodiversity and food webs is obvious, and it should be deepened in thos 
pecies. the experience developed by the research team making this proposal in community assembl 
these objectives. the inclusion in this research team of two mathematicians, experts in differe 
 team of two mathematicians, experts in differential equations and graph analysis, will permit  
t, being widely called for, but that no research group in this country, nor any overseas specia 
15385 3  profound effects on the functioning of forest ecosystems and, because of this, contribute to d 
titive equilibria between evergreen and deciduous tree species may strongly depend on leaf prod 
titive equilibria between evergreen and deciduous tree species.  
13524 1 in climate and top predators may impact ecosystem structures.  
6955 2 ational readthrough is required for the gene expression of many plant viruses. therefore we hyp 
nce might be durable as to break it the gene expression strategy of the virus should be complet 
11869 3 uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide by very small, single celled organisms,  
enotypes, the factors that dictate this global community structure are still poorly defined. th 
vironmental parameters that dictate the growth rate and yield of these organisms, information w 
11393 1 ecosystems, thus providing the balanced knowledge base which is currently lacking. in the longe 
7507 3 ith microsatellite markers located on a genetic map of brown trout that we have produced in the 
ite markers located on a genetic map of brown trout that we have produced in the laboratory. th 
g a specific consideration in diversity management programs. the methods are commonly used in t 
12045 10 factors that favor the emergence of new plant diseases caused by fungi during the last century, 
aused by fungi during the last century, human activity has greatly contributed to environmental 
re likely to favor the emergence of new infectious diseases, among which > 30% are caused by fu 
es causing significant economic losses, environmental damage, or regarded as model pathogens. t 
ch. the history of invasions of several fungal pathogens in the world has been unravelled using 
t diseases through modeling for linking climate change, forest density and disease levels . sta 
 has created a synergy between the main research teams in france studying these diseases result 
hus the history of invasions of several fungal pathogens in the world has been uncovered, revea 
nderlying dispersal. we have shown that climate changes may favor emergences and that isease em 
ease emergence are often accompanied by evolutionary changes in pathogens. finally the theoreti 
15161 7 timulation of the growth of belowground microbial population due to the activity of macrophytes 
be interactions as a way to analyze the microbial diversity in wetlands and to promote the enri 
f molecular methods for the analysis of microbial diversity in many environmental conditions ha 
ve from a scientific point of view. the project proposal focuses in the following aspects: firs 
 of useful microorganisms targeting the nitrogen cycle. wetlands constitute real repositories o 
ly studied using molecular methods, and all work convene in saying that most of the observed ne 
niques to increase the knowledge of the microbial diversity of these environments. besides, the 
10734 8 fer to new hosts and habitats are still unknown factors. dna-based methods represent a rapid an 
a rapid and inexpensive way to sample a wide range of biological diversity present in environme 
mall animals present in soil, ponds and marine environments and then extract the dna from all t 
ated parasites and use state of the art gene sequencing technology to sequence the same gene fo 
ctions in those with seriously impaired immune systems, for example in people in the late stage 
e late stages of aids, or recipients of organ transplants. they also infect economically import 
s vary with geographic location 3 which environmental factors, for example season, latitude, or 
 environments we can understand whether climate change or human movement by trade or travel has 
10597 11  that has been covered since the little ice age biology. for these two exposures all of these f 
sition of the microbial community using standard techniques, for the second question we need to 
hemical changes in the soil. typically, molecular analysis involves extraction of soil dna or r 
sity of the community. in mature soils, molecular analysis has revealed the existence of consid 
 revealed the existence of considerable microbial diversity in soil and the existence of many g 
with extreme environments, e.g. low ph, high temperature. non-thermophilic crenarchaeota are ab 
ptember and it is essential that robust sampling techniques can be carried out that ensure the  
ve we are collaborating with a group of soil scientists in iceland who will assist in the field 
dwork planning and execution and in the setting up of the functional soil tests at their resear 
p of the functional soil tests at their research facility near reykjavik. not only do the field 
 the fieldwork team require the correct weather conditions, but careful soil survey and robust  
14693 1 mpus guttulatus in the coast of galicia follow-up to evaluate the possibilities of recovery of  
10134 4  sexual selection is a central topic in evolutionary biology, and has fascinated ecologist sinc 
 and has fascinated ecologist since the pioneering work of darwin. many species possess brightl 
vidual s genetic quality influences the trade-offs between ornamentation and parasite resistanc 
stigate how mhc genotype influences the trade-offs between hormones, parasite resistance and se 
14843 5  sexual selection is a central topic in evolutionary biology. a key component is to understand  
competence is central to the vertebrate immune system, presenting pathogens to specialist cells 
gens to specialist cells to initiate an immune response. the mhc is known to play a role in mat 
ther mhc genotype explains variation in immune response and parasite resistance, and influences 
parasite resistance, and influences the trade-offs between hormones, immunocompetence and sexua 
11083 3 ggests that net primary productivity of forest ecosystems declines with stand age. two question 
ecosystems declines with stand age. two question marks exist about the nature and the degree of 
 scale branch-level measurements across age classes. in the greenhouse, we will graft cuttings  
13762 1 aused by pathogenic fungi are common in deciduous forests of sweden and europe. among the best  
10452 2 consistent long-term variation in chick growth rates and reproductive success. the second study 
est the hypotheses that, during the non-breeding period, the energetic cost of foraging is rela 
11024 2  suggested that this may restrict their ecological niches, obliging them to inhabit only areas  
hem to inhabit only areas with abundant food sources and minimal competition. however, no study 
10816 7 y its presence in blockbuster films and television advertising, parkour is a rapidly developing 
ping sport that has recently caught the public eye. it provides an excellent medium through whi 
ith their evolutionary cousins. several user groups are likely to benefit from the project find 
 benefit from the project findings. the general public, including school children, will learn a 
uding school children, will learn about great ape ecology and our ancestral heritage. our resul 
 are relevant to the welfare of captive great apes due to the considerable need to increase lev 
considerable need to increase levels of physical activity to aid physical and psychological wel 
10661 23                                         renewable energy has recently received considerable med 
 benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc 
urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo 
hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl 
rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable 
, arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground 
nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf 
 and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu 
. the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and  
lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i 
clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje 
oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu 
ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener 
yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi 
y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake 
roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos 
ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi 
tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem 
and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char 
d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a 
d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of 
our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa 
ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.  
10912 23                                         renewable energy has recently received considerable med 
 benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc 
urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo 
hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl 
rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable 
, arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground 
nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf 
 and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu 
. the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and  
lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i 
clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje 
oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu 
ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener 
yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi 
y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake 
roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos 
ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi 
tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem 
and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char 
d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a 
d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of 
our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa 
ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.  
11158 23                                         renewable energy has recently received considerable med 
 benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc 
urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo 
hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl 
rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable 
, arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground 
nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf 
 and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu 
. the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and  
lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i 
clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje 
oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu 
ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener 
yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi 
y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake 
roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos 
ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi 
tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem 
and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char 
d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a 
d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of 
our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa 
ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.  
11170 23                                         renewable energy has recently received considerable med 
 benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc 
urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo 
hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl 
rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable 
, arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground 
nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf 
 and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu 
. the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and  
lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i 
clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje 
oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu 
ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener 
yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi 
y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake 
roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos 
ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi 
tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem 
and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char 
d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a 
d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of 
our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa 
ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.  
11420 23                                         renewable energy has recently received considerable med 
 benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc 
urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo 
hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl 
rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable 
, arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground 
nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf 
 and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu 
. the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and  
lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i 
clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje 
oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu 
ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener 
yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi 
y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake 
roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos 
ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi 
tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem 
and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char 
d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a 
d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of 
our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa 
ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.  
11421 23                                         renewable energy has recently received considerable med 
 benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc 
urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo 
hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl 
rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable 
, arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground 
nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf 
 and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu 
. the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and  
lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i 
clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje 
oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu 
ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener 
yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi 
y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake 
roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos 
ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi 
tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem 
and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char 
d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a 
d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of 
our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa 
ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.  
11701 23                                         renewable energy has recently received considerable med 
 benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc 
urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo 
hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl 
rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable 
, arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground 
nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf 
 and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu 
. the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and  
lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i 
clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje 
oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu 
ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener 
yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi 
y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake 
roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos 
ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi 
tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem 
and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char 
d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a 
d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of 
our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa 
ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.  
11702 24                                         renewable energy has recently received considerable med 
 benefits to the environment, including climate change, and the potential to replace imported s 
urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo 
hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl 
rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable 
, arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground 
nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf 
 fuel, the regulation of nutrients, and water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu 
. the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and  
lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i 
clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje 
oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu 
ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener 
yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi 
y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake 
roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos 
ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi 
tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem 
and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char 
d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied in future research projec 
specific area, can be applied in future research projects to other regions and at a national sp 
d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of 
our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa 
ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.  
9896 23                                         renewable energy has recently received considerable med 
 benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc 
urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo 
hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl 
rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable 
, arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground 
nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf 
 and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu 
. the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and  
lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i 
clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje 
oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu 
ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener 
yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi 
y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake 
roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos 
ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi 
tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem 
and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char 
d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a 
d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of 
our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa 
ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.  
12644 1  nature conservation legislation in the marine environment, in particular considering if and ho 
12478 6                                         government policies that protect the natural environmen 
ing the göteborg summit in 2001, then a different approach to policy development and implementa 
ficiently robust for incorporation into government policy, for example, its ability to identify 
fy and deal with cumulative impacts and trade-offs. adoption and implementation of the approach 
n and implementation of the approach by government policy makers and decision-makers like the p 
mentation of the approach by government policy makers and decision-makers like the planning aut 
1929 1 etermine the potential for manipulating crop diversity as a means of introducing antagonistic m 
1928 1 etermine the potential for manipulating crop diversity as a means of introducing antagonistic m 
1926 1 etermine the potential for manipulating crop diversity as a means of introducing antagonistic m 
14839 8                       plants respond to abiotic stresses by altering their cellular metabolism  
ellular metabolism and invoking various defense mechanisms. survival under these stressful cond 
ccordingly. various agents such as ros, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid have been p 
ous agents such as ros, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid have been proposed as signa 
h as ros, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid have been proposed as signal transducers. 
contaminated sites will be treated with salicylic acid and nitric oxide in order to improve the 
will be treated with salicylic acid and nitric oxide in order to improve their behaviour agains 
ethodologies useful for preservation of endangered species and for phytoremediation programmes. 
7488 5 s, which aim to achieve 5.75% of liquid fuel supply by 2010 and 20% by 2020. liquid fuels deriv 
n important alternative to conventional energy sources to reduce europe s dependence on fossil  
ources to reduce europe s dependence on fossil fuels. trees are attractive dedicated energy cro 
ted energy crops because they display a wide range of growth habits and can be grown on margina 
chanisms that regulate the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides - provide a better understand 
10487 1                               increased food production is widely considered to be a fundamenta 
9885 1                               increased food production is widely considered to be a fundamenta 
462 3 mics of arbovirus disease have affected human populations. we will analyze three arbovirus dise 
ungunya virus, the dengue-fever and the rift valley fever, which illustrate the cases of pre-em 
hods and / or complementary methods for chemical control - following the results, draw up human 
15359 1 predict future impact on other species, functional groups, structural processes and ecosystems  
6906 2 nosae, which have essential role in the nitrogen cycle of the life and in agriculture as well.  
esponsible for the resistence against a fungal pathogen and study their expression and effects  
13950 3  properties, otoliths take up minor and trace elements. some of these, like strontium, are take 
ns , is writing her master thesis doing pilot studies of stable isotopes in otoliths, with prom 
ology. we will apply the new methods to case studies of dire fisheries problems, i.e. cod stock 
10677 3 years and can be directly implicated in mass extinction. the geological history of this event,  
y of this event, and recently developed climate models has been largely elucidated from studies 
here-climate interactions as a cause of mass extinction and provide the first global perspectiv 
10995 4 lity is one of the major transitions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theori 
itions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theories concerning the origin of he 
ulative field experiments and molecular genetic analyses: to test whether social populations fo 
queen s university belfast, employing a postdoctoral researcher and a 75% time technician. the  
11053 4 lity is one of the major transitions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theori 
itions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theories concerning the origin of he 
ulative field experiments and molecular genetic analyses: to test whether social populations fo 
queen s university belfast, employing a postdoctoral researcher and a 75% time technician. the  
11787 4 lity is one of the major transitions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theori 
itions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theories concerning the origin of he 
ulative field experiments and molecular genetic analyses: to test whether social populations fo 
queen s university belfast, employing a postdoctoral researcher and a 75% time technician. the  
11091 4 between environmental conditions during early development and muscle satellite cell numbers and 
ons during early development and muscle satellite cell numbers and fibre recruitment patterns w 
itment patterns will be investigated in laboratory studies. we wish to test the hypothesis that 
lity of environmental conditions during early development.  
12305 4 ised environmental concerns relating to land use change and, specifically, the release of carbo 
d in animal diets are generally of good nutritional value, they are of variable quality dependi 
ey are of variable quality depending on raw material source, processing, drying and storage con 
nce and increased emissions of methane, nitrous oxide, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate. distille 
7107 3 he koran and the federation of regional natural parks of france aims to: 1 produce characteriza 
 projects and parks charter review. the research team formed around the caren includes ecologis 
dscape ecology, including connectivity, remote sensing, landscape management by farmers and var 
11382 3 e is aimed at graduates in mathematics, physical sciences and molecular biology who wish to pur 
s in mathematics, physical sciences and molecular biology who wish to pursue a career in enviro 
ssing the shortage of scientists with a high degree of quantitative and molecular skills requir 
13599 5  requires an increased knowledge of how genetic variation in traits of adaptive significance is 
tem to explore the relationship between genetic variation in adaptive traits and population via 
ic models, we will explore how adaptive genetic variation among and within populations influenc 
capes subject to changes in climate and land use. based on the results, we will formulate and c 
tions on how the importance of adaptive genetic variation can be assessed and how this informat 
11161 1              summary global atmospheric carbon dioxide levels .  
14664 4 eral karst lakes located in the iberian mountain range, in the centre-east of the iberian penin 
greatest ecological changes, induced by human activities as the modern agriculture and the indu 
ls: medieval age warming and the little ice age, which have been well historically documented.  
related to the precipitation regime and land uses. paleoecological and paleoclimatic reconstruc 
12286 1 e only lowland, mixed-agriculture farm. data collection will continue at drayton during 2009-20 
14922 5 on distribution, breeding phenology and life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming stud 
onents of the ecosystem are affected by climate change. in the present project, variations in l 
. in the present project, variations in life history traits of some bird species are examined i 
riations in life history traits of some bird species are examined in relation to environmental  
rian peninsula with special emphasis on population dynamics.2. effects of environmental conditi 
15417 1  rise, taking place as a consequence of greenhouse effect, precipitation also shows spatio-temp 
11853 3 y individuals. environmental stress has negative effects on the average expression of ornaments 
e are large whilst some have only small eye-stalks. the same is true for preference in females  
nces sexual selection using a series of field studies in the biologically realistic surrounding 
7701 6 induced effects. especially in light of climate change, the contribution of livestock activitie 
vestock activities in the production of greenhouse gases is widely highlighted. a wide variety  
efficiency for large animal production. research project progress margins contained in it to id 
hrough methodological developments, and experimental data collection, epad aims to be a reposit 
ological developments, and experimental data collection, epad aims to be a repository of contra 
g geographical locations in the uses of renewable energy and non-renewable , to tropical condit 
14587 3                          a quantitative risk assessment based only on exposure and toxicity is  
all exposure routes are integrated when field studies and biomarkers are employed in higher-tie 
r the knowledge about the impact of the environmental contaminants is scarce. the present study 
10462 2  examples of adaptive physiology in the animal kingdom. this project will identify novel genes  
selected number of novel differentially expressed genes using molecular, biochemical and physio 
11747 2 sslands are among the most species-rich plant communities in europe. a clear understanding of t 
nvironment reflects altered patterns of gene expression. we will identify genes that are differ 
13970 3 ce essential for several ecological and evolutionary processes as for sustainable management of 
roject is to identify major barriers to gene flow in coastal fish species in the baltic sea and 
sh community structure with barriers to gene flow, and will cooperate with the swedish board of 
7037 7  of different administrations. in early