Id	Number of occurences	Forms
12058	1	genetic resources. it aims to identify new forms of managing varietal diversity based on inter
13377	2	sub-project 2:research project on conservation and evaluation of almo  ion in southeast anatolia region. also, almond trees in this region from seeds and not budding
14564	1	an and balearic fauna of hydraenidae, a water beetles family represented by about 145 species.
7114	1	r traits must also be a centerpiece new diagnostic tools available
7115	2	ic agriculture, but concern because the land use patterns and practices seek to fewer resources  ions. in this territory, there are many operating systems and many mid closing stages. moreover
7122	1	on the basis of plausible scenarios of climate change and use of space for the coming years to
7127	2	ant with contrasts in their biology and natural history. our biological models involve woody pl  ers increased c02, will try to answer a simple question: what effect will the increase of c02 d
7142	2	nges. we propose to study the impact of climate change on vegetation dynamics in the french mou  orests have the advantage of being less subject areas that open to large variations in human pr
7197	6	objective of this project is to provide decision makers with new knowledge and reflection eleme  s for the development and governance of rural areas. Indeed, it aims to draw the outline of wha  atch the currently emerging paradigm in rural areas. this project is indeed the assumption that  mption that diversifying the economy of rural areas will lead to increased conflicts and rivalr   users of these spaces, for which three case studies were selected. it is through a combination  elected. it is through a combination of case studies, that it will be possible to understand a
7245	1	ectives the resolution of the crisis of mass extinction of species and populations is a major s
7264	1	ure of animal communities from selected fossil record for quality, quantity and availability, t
7274	2	o the limitation compatible partners in self-incompatibility system plants threatens the surviv  sequencing technologies to inventory of self-incompatibility alleles in these species to quanti
7279	1	or estimating anthropogenic impacts and climate change on the systems studied. dip integrate ne
7285	1	zed. finally, we model the evolution of life history traits under different fire regimes
7297	4	city in time by achieving the microbial fuel cells. these are systems providing for the direct   ion of chemical energy contained in the organic matter into electrical energy using bacterial b  at they are promising "reservoirs". the French Guiana is internationally recognized as a "hot s  ana is internationally recognized as a "hot spot" for biodiversity. it is possible to imagine s
7299	3	ity to adapt to environmental stresses. past century, human activities have generated in the en  o environmental stresses. past century, human activities have generated in the environment of h  e main effect is, like many abiotic and biotic stress, the generation of oxidative stress in vi
7300	2	the pollination of flowering plants is mainly provided by insects mutualis  ss specialized in ecosystems is a major environmental problem
7387	1	ptomic studies are underway to identify genetic markers associated trypanotolerance.
7428	3	ugs are particularly voracious pests on cereal crops. the use of molluscicides is the most used  f direct mortality, they concentrate in food chains and directly affect natural predators of sl   project objective is to identify, with grain producers, for comparative experimentation cutler
7500	1	particular microflora by the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to survive and / or infect th
7502	1	better understand and characterize the genetic diversity is a key objective to improve and dev
7550	1	nitrification is a key function of the nitrogen cycle, responsible for the balance between the
7558	4	many molecular biology methods have been developed that allo  h for the characterization of bacterial genetic diversity coupled to a data mining system based  acterial genetic diversity coupled to a data mining system based on the application of genomic   ning system based on the application of genomic imprinting method 2d. our objectives are: to fo
7560	1	al features both trophic level as their life history traits, they are especially important in t
7566	1	to assess the fit between them and the biological characteristics of cultivated material if th
7586	2	cation of duplicates and structuring of genetic diversity. the University of Angers, in collabo  , thereby refine the description of the genetic diversity of populations and varieties adapted
7609	4	horizontal gene transfer is recognized as a fundamental mechanism   cterial evolution to the degradation of chemical pollutants. the"nano genomics"project aims to   nano genomics"project aims to develop a new technology involving the grafting of dna molecules    for identification and even, thanks to new technologies, fully sequenced their genome. the obj
7614	4	tropics, an alternative to conventional treatment plants for isolated village communities. an e  de of treatment requires information of local residents, a change in practices and perceptions   nd perceptions of social and collective waste water management. this approach also enhances the  egulated wastewater treatment, not as a dumping ground, or an unwanted wetland. . . . pir 2009
7718	1	with universities and southern country research centers. it aims to generate knowledge to unde
11864	5	mentaries. most are probably aware that food chains in aquatic habitats differ from those on th  he water from agricultural land causing plant life to take over the lake carbon entering from s  rial entering a lake can be affected by climate change and land management practices. the consu  ies in the lake can also be affected by invasive species such as the zebra mussel which voracio  search to shed light on the complicated food webs in freshwater lakes.
14269	2	n marine resources urges the need for a decision making framework to objectively allocate the d  different user functions at the belgian continental shelf .
10966	8	isotope records give much insight into climate change but interpretation still tends to rest o  th steps and develop a fully-calibrated climate record from gibraltar covering parts of the las  n the rock of gibraltar, focused on the first step - understanding the climate recording proces   months. a key result is that there are specific conditions when speleothems record climate mos  the modern part of gibraltar s historic climate record can be used to derive a calibrated trans   interglacial for their isotope ratios, trace elements and water trapped within the mineral, wh   can be compared directly with computer climate models. gibraltar s caves have very high potent  aboratory environment running back from modern times to possibly one million years ago.
10093	3	vegetation plays an important role in landscapes that are shaped by wind-dr  h environments are not quantified. this research project aims to develop a computer simulation   this research project aims to develop a computer simulation model based on moving around slabs
14360	5	ecological quality of our environment. remote sensing methods can be utilized to this end but   sessing habitat quality - most existing remote sensing methodologies have not been tested vigor  tter status reporting on habitats using remote sensing data. for this, an enhanced state-of-the   • three study areas will be covered by satellite data, airborne hyperspectral data: kalmthouts  pplied to increase the applicability of remote sensing data for habitat status reporting. the v
12585	8	partnership, one of the biggest uk peat restoration projects, in collaboration with internation   the success or failure of current peat restoration projects. the problems will be defined and   the project will review motivations for restoration projects as well as their long term goals a  r restoration projects as well as their long term goals and analyse adaptive management towrads  of the project. it is evident that many restoration projects started with clear biodiversity go  enhancement of carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation and flood protection goals. t  have led to adaptive management in some restoration projects in response to new understanding.   funded. to understand the importance of public funding and the role of agri-environment schemes
7633	1	d reference ground by the international scientific community
12716	1	priority species in the uk biodiversity action plan: 1. global evolutionary complexity of fresh
1973	1	f products, and have been implicated as biodiversity indicators. until now, hybrid zones in mar
11767	2	, woody debris, humic material and soil organic matter, by conducting a translocation experimen  on experiment, where samples of litter, dead wood and soil with be swapped between different el
11791	2	erature, litter quality and rainfall on organic matter decay rates by conduction a translocatio  on experiment, where samples of litter, dead wood and soil with be swapped between different el
9983	2	, woody debris, humic material and soil organic matter, by conducting a translocation experimen  on experiment, where samples of litter, dead wood and soil with be swapped between different el
11446	2	al buoyancy flux of a plume is fed by a catchment area under the plume centre. this constitutes  k will involve analysis of differential travel times of the core phases sks, skks, and pkp, and
10169	1	ttributed to one of the planets largest impact craters, and yet which had no associated biotic
10022	8	problems remain. the number of possible phylogenetic trees is vast, and the extraction and comp  ripts for processing sequence data from public databases, and will apply this here to the analy  ble for download so that members of the research community may combine them with their data for  es and sequences, a pool of large-scale phylogenetic trees representing each individual gene us  up. these trees will also then form the starting point for more directed applied studies for sp  t for more directed applied studies for specific groups of interest. the study will assess the    in conclusion, this project provides a unique opportunity to utilize the increasing amounts of  ith comparatively simple means and in a short time period, we will be able to make great progre
12421	1	omprehensive judgements to be made on a wide range of ecosystem components.
15023	4	t the mandibular structures are used in important roles others that feeding, and in some cases   arameters extracted from dissections of adductor muscles . technics of geometric morphometrics   es in isometric conditions developed by adductor muscles would be calculated. parallely in the   omparative study of the chemical and/or mechanical properties of the dentine from the more spec
7643	6	sed on life traits or functions. taking coral fish communities as a model, we propose to invest  everal thousand species and hundreds of functional groups. the global decline of coral, a major   groups. the global decline of coral, a major problem for the future of the reefs is linked to   ing answers to the changing patterns of coral reef fish communities following a decline of cora  swers to the changing patterns of coral reef fish communities following a decline of coral. thi  on to the enormous potential of data on coral fish communities to address a broad range of assu
10029	9	th rising concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor   ng concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor the hea   health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satellite or airborne sensors is us  tive means of achieving this task. much remote sensing research attempts to improve the resolut  e reduces the separability in colour of sea bed features. research projects usually focus on a   rability in colour of sea bed features. research projects usually focus on a specific ecosystem  others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some as  an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly well understood, such as the   ring accurate data at each stage of the remote sensing process which will help prioritise the c
11058	9	th rising concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor   ng concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor the hea   health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satellite or airborne sensors is us  tive means of achieving this task. much remote sensing research attempts to improve the resolut  e reduces the separability in colour of sea bed features. research projects usually focus on a   rability in colour of sea bed features. research projects usually focus on a specific ecosystem  others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some as  an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly well understood, such as the   ring accurate data at each stage of the remote sensing process which will help prioritise the c
11205	4	hytoplankton is recognised as playing a key role in global biogeochemical cycles. advances in g  ropose to use to investigate the unique life histories of phytoplankton viruses and help resolv  a bacterial artificial chromosome virus genomic library will be generated from a natural virus    a natural virus community to determine life histories of unculturable viruses through sequence
12745	2	100 questions of greatest importance to conservation policy makers and practitioners at the glo   of greatest importance to conservation policy makers and practitioners at the global scale.
10807	5	the first thing that anyone diving on a coral reef will notice is the multitude of fishes. more  t to study simultaneously. for example, death rates might be affected by the number of fishes b  ding of reefs, these findings will help conservation efforts. by knowing the relative importanc  s will be able to design more effective marine reserves. for example, is it better to place a m  s. for example, is it better to place a marine reserve where lots of fish larvae arrive, or whe
11001	3	examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit  f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i  h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which
11003	3	examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit  f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i  h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which
11199	3	examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit  f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i  h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which
11517	3	examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit  f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i  h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which
11790	3	examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit  f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i  h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which
12596	8	extraction, release large quantities of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, thereby   ities of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, thereby contributing to global warming.  carbon dioxide, thereby contributing to global warming. restoration of these damaged peatlands   rbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide than they release to it; that is, so tha  that is, so that they act as a brake on global warming. however, restoration schemes have not c  release of methane from peatlands. like carbon dioxide, methane is a carbon gas, but it is much  on gas, but it is much more potent as a greenhouse gas. therefore, although methane is emitted   and restoration from the perspective of climate change. given the uncertain role of methane in
10072	9	mentally important organisms within the marine environment, forming the very base of almost all  ming the very base of almost all marine food webs. this diverse group of organisms are frequent  een organisms at the base of the marine food web and larger planktonic predators. they are also  ortant as nutrient recyclers within the marine environment, particularly in the case of nitroge  tant global implications, effecting how key elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, are cycled w  edatory flagellate species to recognise specific chemicals present on the surface of their prey  agellate predator. interestingly, white blood cells within our circulation system, use the same  in addition to being relevant to marine food webs, our results may shed light on the early orig  s of receptors involved with the innate immune system. within this grant, we will develop marke
13819	3	amatic declines in ectomycorrhizal onto forest ecosystems. similar reductions in diversity are   equently observed after the addition of nitrogen fertilizers to increase wood production in bor  tilizers to increase wood production in boreal forests. however, some ecm fungi respond positiv
15372	2	questions in biogeography, ecology and evolutionary biology. a range boundary may be determine  to accurately forecast the responses to climate change. in this project, we aim to investigate
13457	5	r carbon cycling in agricultural soils. global climate projections depend today on models that   mate the carbon fluxes from soils under land use and climate change. despite the known importan  on fluxes from soils under land use and climate change. despite the known importance of soil mi  use cost efficient methods to determine genetic diversity of extracellular enzymes produced by    involved in the degradation of complex carbon sources, that is up to 200 times faster and 100
12549	1	can infect tomatoes with tomato yellow leaf curl virus .
10165	1	be of broad interest to ecologists and evolutionary biologists, will be readily comprehensible
2028	5	approach is the topic of this proposal. food webs are overlaid with infochemical webs that medi  lly plastic emission by plants provides unique opportunities to investigate the effect of the i  e this ecogenomic approach in field and laboratory studies for a system of crucifer plants and   effects on individual interactions in a food web in addition to a quantitative food web analysi   food web in addition to a quantitative food web analysis. this novel approach creates an essen
2104	3	e, bolbitiaceae and tubariaceae. in the northern hemisphere, there is a vast number of brown-sp  galerina will also be accomplished. the genetic variation will be analyzed by likelihood and pa  ndidate and the contributions from four senior researchers.
15083	4	gures obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy showing the most relevant features.  ion cultures and made available for the scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequenc  he scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequences will be deposited in the genbank,   ces will be deposited in the genbank, a data base of the spanish hyphomycetes sequences will be
14715	4	gures obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy showing the most relevant features.  ion cultures and made available for the scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequenc  he scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequences will be deposited in the genbank,   ces will be deposited in the genbank, a data base of the spanish hyphomycetes sequences will be
10883	3	advanced for most fields of animal and plant ecology, the microscopic nature of bacteria means  t britain. critically, bacteria perform central roles in enhancing plant productivity and bioge  ey hypotheses. further, we will produce high resolution maps of bacterial group distribution ac
9873	3	brittle fractures and faults are the most common expres  ary rocks. this makes these areas ideal test sites for validating the new dating technique. fin  ous growth of calcite fibres on brittle fault planes, start and end of faulting episodes may be
2168	3	genetically modified in daphnia magna cell cultures, in d. magna feeding studies and in a tri  na feeding studies and in a tri-trophic food chain with cyanobacteria or green alga d. magna ze  rophic food chain with cyanobacteria or green alga d. magna zebrafish danio rerio.
527	1	stitue a major part of the proposed new diagnostic tools.
15064	2	e amazing diversity and richness of the natural world. for this reason, the choice of good biol  viduals are crucial elements regulating population dynamics, trajectories, spatial and temporal
10277	2	ago. in addition to studying a range of extinct species, including herbivores, carnivores and o  stics of the species themselves, and of human activities, in causing the extinctions.
10288	2	ago. in addition to studying a range of extinct species, including herbivores, carnivores and o  stics of the species themselves, and of human activities, in causing the extinctions.
10531	2	ago. in addition to studying a range of extinct species, including herbivores, carnivores and o  stics of the species themselves, and of human activities, in causing the extinctions.
13779	2	es. this deficit is unfortunate because boreal forests are strongly affected by forestry and pr  edicted to experience relatively strong climate change effects with likely negative consequence
14225	3	the comparative approach in evolutionary biology involves looking for correlations    study will be the first to investigate life history evolution in insects in a phylogenetic fra  an important step towards understanding life history evolution in insects on a global scale. fu
11462	1	sequenced with the same tools across a wide range of distantly related species. however, these
15314	3	the study of evolutionary processes, both at micro- and macroevoluti  hat possibilities the identification of population groups or taxa immersed in active processes   or taxa immersed in active processes of evolutionary change . we believe that results of this p
10340	4	texts. odour and gustatory signals have central roles in speciation in many animals through the  ct loci that have evolved rapidly under natural selection. we will test for associations betwee  mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses between species. this will conf  ical behavioural steps. we will examine gene expression in the same set of strains to test for
10994	4	texts. odour and gustatory signals have central roles in speciation in many animals through the  ct loci that have evolved rapidly under natural selection. we will test for associations betwee  mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses between species. this will conf  ical behavioural steps. we will examine gene expression in the same set of strains to test for
9967	4	texts. odour and gustatory signals have central roles in speciation in many animals through the  ct loci that have evolved rapidly under natural selection. we will test for associations betwee  mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses between species. this will conf  ical behavioural steps. we will examine gene expression in the same set of strains to test for
13742	2	the stork enhances the interest of the general public for wetland conservation issues, and its  erest of the general public for wetland conservation issues, and its reintroduction may therefo
12267	4	this is a preliminary investigation which undertook ‘traditional’  bstances commonly used in horticultural growing media. the interpretation of the significance o  nclusions on the impacts of peat use on climate change. many lca studies discount biogenic carb  reported here. as with all defra-funded research projects, the interpretation of the results is
6816	2	been improving. the introduction of new immunosuppressive drugs contributed to this goal. on th  dy is to detect the mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene of these patients. in these case
10575	6	this project addresses the role of seminal fluid proteins in mammalian sperm competition.   . however, sperm usually make up only a tiny fraction of total ejaculate volume male dominance   t of proteins with known functions, our research programme will reveal if other seminal fluid p  research programme will reveal if other seminal fluid proteins vary consistently in relation to  ese findings will establish the role of seminal fluid proteins in adaptive variation of mammali  ess consequences of different ejaculate investment strategies, we will determine reproductive s
13712	2	ion forests around the world, making it good examples of an ´ecosystem approach´ in practice. a  t or sustain the current swedish forest conservation policy with conservation actions taken on
12712	1	res a review, collation and analysis of bird population and distribution data, which will then
12744	1	ty sub-programme and to prepare outline project proposals for the international biodiversity as
12704	2	w is to assess the effectiveness of the research projects commissioned through the programme ov  issioned through the programme over the study period in terms of the extent to which they have
12455	2	rnational best practice and appropriate knowledge base and implement appropriate tools in a com  pen source framework. apply to selected case studies in collaboration with other defra and eu p
11313	3	species can differ from one another in many ways but the most interesting diffe   to reproduce themselves. understanding hybrid sterility can therefore explain how species are   hybrid offspring. one possible cause of hybrid sterility is that genes from one species are inc
13980	6	otyping technologies has revolutionized evolutionary biology and genetics. these fields are now  n is currently a major focus in several biological research areas. selected genes are important  methods for making inferences about the evolutionary history of populations from large-scale ge  ods to search for selected genes in the human genome using a data set of ~550 individuals sampl   ~550,000 snps – the largest world-wide human population-genetic data set to date. the results   ic processes and how to incorporate the evolutionary history in searching for selected genes.
12456	5	-based models in parallel, using common input data, in order to establish which are the best-su  te problems encountered when applied to case study-specific management scenarios, and evaluate   approach. the project will focus on two case study regions the `western-approaches`. key custom  stem considerations of fisheries in the marine environment. assess how important the interactio  n fisheries models, and help to predict knock-on, ecosystem implications of future management a
14751	5	se but also for the restoration of the natural habitats supporting such a singular type of veg  h prevent both auto-regeneration of the endangered species in their natural habitats and their   tion of the endangered species in their natural habitats and their rooting and multiplication u  l inoculation for the reintroduction of endangered species and for the ecological restoration o  ction of endangered species and for the ecological restoration of degraded communities of dolom
9828	2	project is to determine the effects of long term tnt exposure on the soil microbial community   structure, diversity and function using molecular biology approaches. we will conduct experimen
2088	1	and diet and whenever possible also on life cycle will be important. finally, the revision of
1979	6	there is an urgent need for tools to predict the effects of habitat  e on wildlife. after earlier abandoning carrying capacity as a useful concept, scientists now a  that in the case of migratory birds the carrying capacity of a non-breeding site can be meaning  s a site can support. current models of carrying capacity assume a single giving-up food densit  and model developments, this provides a unique opportunity to test carrying capacity models of   s provides a unique opportunity to test carrying capacity models of varying degrees of complexi
14509	1	entely and in parallel across basins by selective pressures operating at the local geographic l
11671	7	o examine the contribution of different life history stages to the local population dynamics of  of different life history stages to the local population dynamics of some stream insects. under  ferent life history stages to the local population dynamics of some stream insects. understandi  spatial scale relevant to studies about population dynamics. alternatively, effects of emergent  by different life stages and subsequent research efforts can be directed at those stages. thus,  r bottlenecks occur for egg and neonate life history stages, how strong those bottlenecks might  ntal importance to ecological models of population dynamics. information on how insects use eme
10280	4	face waters from the dark nutrient rich deep water. the vertical mixing of nutrients across the  ple this well-lit surface zone with the deep water nutrient supply, leading to the formation of  to account for about half of the annual carbon fixation in seasonally stratified shelf seas, an  ntification and parameterisation of the physical processes which are responsible for the vertic
10553	4	face waters from the dark nutrient rich deep water. the vertical mixing of nutrients across the  ple this well-lit surface zone with the deep water nutrient supply, leading to the formation of  to account for about half of the annual carbon fixation in seasonally stratified shelf seas, an  ntification and parameterisation of the physical processes which are responsible for the vertic
9929	2	spends the winter in a dormant state in deep waters. individuals emerging from diapause in the   at the same depth in all locations. the driving forces behind the differences in overwintering
10522	14	ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch  htly intervals, is sufficient to record seasonal change but cannot resolve the processes drivin  h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar  analysis by project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infra   the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure investment needs to   pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r  d carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by relating these measurements to meteorol  to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in   ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as   surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wall of   the regional coherence of lakes. use of high resolution data to examine coherence in lake tempe  al or wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through   wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through this n   offering detail of observation through high resolution data generation and the new instrumenta
10752	14	ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch  htly intervals, is sufficient to record seasonal change but cannot resolve the processes drivin  h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar  analysis by project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infra   the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure investment needs to   pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r  d carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by relating these measurements to meteorol  to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in   ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as   surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wall of   the regional coherence of lakes. use of high resolution data to examine coherence in lake tempe  al or wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through   wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through this n   offering detail of observation through high resolution data generation and the new instrumenta
10756	14	ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch  htly intervals, is sufficient to record seasonal change but cannot resolve the processes drivin  h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar  analysis by project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infra   the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure investment needs to   pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r  d carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by relating these measurements to meteorol  to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in   ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as   surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wall of   the regional coherence of lakes. use of high resolution data to examine coherence in lake tempe  al or wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through   wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through this n   offering detail of observation through high resolution data generation and the new instrumenta
11807	14	ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch  htly intervals, is sufficient to record seasonal change but cannot resolve the processes drivin  h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar  analysis by project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infra   the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure investment needs to   pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r  d carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by relating these measurements to meteorol  to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in   ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as   surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wall of   the regional coherence of lakes. use of high resolution data to examine coherence in lake tempe  al or wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through   wider physical variables on these short time-scales, an approach which is viable through this n   offering detail of observation through high resolution data generation and the new instrumenta
7685	4	marine ecosystems are declining at an alarming rate, es  ning at an alarming rate, especially in developing countries where a significant proportion of   nal scale in the western indian ocean , ecological niche and connectivity models outputs under   rent ipcc scenarios. the ecological and social scientists involved in the project will work clo
12027	3	ng rapidly and dramatically modified by human activities. the intensity of these activities acc  matically during the 20th century, with land use change becoming a major factor affecting the s  d and continues to destroy and fragment natural habitat, the abandonment of traditional extensi
10264	4	global warming is not the only consequence of rising le  he only consequence of rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. because co2 is an aci  dification will have on marine life and chemical processes in the ocean. experimental work sugg   plankton that make their shells out of calcium carbonate record of the onset of the paleocene
11369	2	others concerning the role of regional population dynamics, spatial structure and life-history  o environmental change on an ecological time-scale, and to explore the use of relationships bet
10075	2	l is to explore how the world s largest tropical forest, amazonia, is faring in an era of rapid   and access to unique sources of amazon plant ecology in our quest to discover and explain biod
11513	2	l is to explore how the world s largest tropical forest, amazonia, is faring in an era of rapid   and access to unique sources of amazon plant ecology in our quest to discover and explain biod
12739	1	ify future work on increasing access to inland water
10451	1	sms responsible for that variability. a key element of our research will be distinguishing betw
7189	10	agricultural systems evolve to address environmental issues better and better objectified. the  ntly, balancing use and preservation of natural resources: it is on this plane that is this pro   to assess changes in the management of rural areas and agricultural production; 2 to contribut  es in the management of rural areas and agricultural production; 2 to contribute to the develop   of innovative solutions, from the plot scale up an integrated natural resource management and   s, from the plot scale up an integrated natural resource management and production sectors to w  the plot scale up an integrated natural resource management and production sectors to which are  e stakes are high mutation; controlling nitrogen cycles, since the amounts of organic substance  nsfers in landscape mosaics; assess the environmental impacts of production methods and landsca  cs; assess the environmental impacts of production methods and landscape management
11330	9	oceanic crust covers nearly two thirds of the earth s s  ere they crystallise to yield the lower oceanic crust. the heat provided by magma input and cry  h s crust, the recovery of intact lower oceanic crust would be a major step forward. scientific  f intact lower oceanic crust would be a major step forward. scientific ocean drilling in the eq  ct lower oceanic crust would be a major step forward. scientific ocean drilling in the equatori  torial pacific ocean has penetrated the upper crust, reaching the upper crust-lower crust bound  enetrated the upper crust, reaching the upper crust-lower crust boundary. iodp expedition 335 i  ering the first section of intact lower oceanic crust. this section will yield an unprecedented  the plutonic rocks, which represent the building blocks of the lower crust, using their composi
11647	1	everal associated benefits for both the scientific community and for those charged with conserv
15165	7	the natural regeneration of holm oak quercus ilex populations depends critically on  onal outcome of the interaction between holm oaks and acorn dispersers. our main hypothesis is   isk will influence the final pattern of holm oak recruitment. we will test predictions from thi  l control of keys of predations risk in field conditions, then measuring the behaviour of seed   nctionality of mediterranean forests, a hot topic due to current rapid changes in animal and pl   to current rapid changes in animal and plant communities induced by man-made global changes in   man-made global changes in climate and land use.
1992	10	ld-wide is alarming with respect to its environmental impact and conservation. at the same time  t we often have no clue how or why. the great tit is an urban survivor, despite its dependence   e. we will collaborate with established research groups with long-term data on reproduction and  ata on reproduction and survival of two great tit study populations. again we will take an expe   the impact of experimentally increased noise levels on singing and other territorial behaviour   choice will be tested using a standard skinner box set-up with two pecking keys which trigger    be tested using a standard skinner box set-up with two pecking keys which trigger song playbac  experience with several species in this set-up, and, although great tits have been used in oper  l species in this set-up, and, although great tits have been used in operant conditioning exper  , although great tits have been used in operant conditioning experiments, this would be the fir
7460	11	acoustic methods including tomography, data transmission and communication to/from underwater   s, based on platforms located under the sea ice. data collection and transmission from the wate  on platforms located under the sea ice. data collection and transmission from the water column,  d fields of temperature, transports and heat fluxes. long-range acoustic navigation commands wi  ands will be tested to operate gliders. data transmission from fixed moorings via acoustic mode  ta transmission from fixed moorings via acoustic modems to the surface for downloading from shi  rface for downloading from ships or for satellite transmission will be implemented. the existin  tend and improve methods for underwater data collection that are presently tested in damocles i   esonet noe. transfer of technology and know-how from usa to europe will take place, with excha  gy and know-how from usa to europe will take place, with exchange of scientists, workshops and   three are smes and six are research and educational institutions.
539	2	more and more obvious that the current global warming influences ecosystems, and particularly    this project highlighted the impact of natural selection related to thermal stress and to the
211	1	enhanced while providing or eliminating critical habitat-components that are pre-determined by
6823	2	plant varieties developed using various gene manipulation techniques and these are grown on eve   be applied on a wider and wider scale. genetic transformation allows the desired gene to be in
11554	2	s predict how species introductions and global climate change are likely to affect success of i  ct how species introductions and global climate change are likely to affect success of individu
15015	2	because of global change due to human activities is altering biosphere-level processes   rocesses mainly in oceanic, coastal and inland water ecosystems, more investigation is needed t
10709	10	here is an emerging consensus that many animal species are responding to current climate warmin  nimal species are responding to current climate warming by shifting their distributions northwa  capes that have been greatly altered by human activities, and where breeding habitats are often  failing to shift and are lagging behind climate changes because they are unable to reach new si  ies that are lagging behind climate are endangered species of high conservation concern. even i  s of high conservation concern. even if greenhouse gas emissions were greatly reduced immediate  onservation concern. even if greenhouse gas emissions were greatly reduced immediately, more wa  reation of new habitats as corridors or stepping stones to allow species to move through unsuit  ew avenue of research on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. conservation strategies  ed work will provide a concrete body of scientific evidence to inform this debate.
10053	8	of antibiotic and pesticide resistance, heavy metal tolerance, and starvation. typical studies   tal changes outside of laboratories and natural disasters involve the sudden transition from on  ions are currently exposed to levels of carbon dioxide more than twice as high as those of the   on processes interact. my research uses laboratory experiments, computer simulations, and studi  y research uses laboratory experiments, computer simulations, and studies of natural population  xation of novel beneficial mutations by natural selection. one of these environmental changes i  echniques from many disciplines, namely evolutionary biology, ecology, population genetics and   ology, ecology, population genetics and molecular genetics. this sort of interdisciplinary, pro
12738	1	relevant landscape scale adaptation and conservation projects that have already been completed
14956	1	s the earth caused by the stratospheric ozone depletion. although emissions of cfcs it is possi
15053	1	in the tinto, through physiological and genetic analysis that permit us to identify the princip
12148	2	project is to study the adaptations of invasive species and their impacts on the ecosystems of  ts in the study of interactions between food web structure and biology of successful invaders;
14629	4	anthropogenic pollutants in inland waters system are a serious risk for planktonic   r adaptative capacity to changes in the physical characteristics of the environment, using as m  alinity. objectives of the project are: basic research objectives: 1. study of adaptation mecha  ganisms to environmental changes due to human activity. 2. study of consequences that those cha
11353	17	industrial melanism in the peppered moth, biston betula               industrial melanism in the peppered moth, biston betularia, has long been used as   educate generations of students and the general public about the reality of natural selection a  the general public about the reality of natural selection and adaptation. sadly, this classic c  ion and adaptation. sadly, this classic case study has been neglected by modern advances in gen  ed by modern advances in genetics. this research project aims to further mine this long-term st  nd out whether the melanism mutation in peppered moths arose once or many times. prior to the m  the pale coloured, speckled form of the peppered moth was known, but in 1848 a black form of th  nation for this pattern is that because peppered moths rest motionless on trees during the day   deposition and loss of lichen cover, in clean air areas typica is better camouflaged against vi  el rise and fall of a black form of the peppered moth in north america and continental europe.   d continental europe. the phenomenon of industrial melanism is not restricted to peppered moths  ndustrial melanism is not restricted to peppered moths: 70 other uk moth species, as well as ot  ional approach with the modern tools of molecular genetics to resolve a series of outstanding q  he relative importance of selection and gene flow to evolutionary dynamics; and the determinant  s differences among colour morphs. this research programme is also relevant to the conservation  rvation of biodiversity by serving as a case study for the consequences of anthropogenic enviro
13789	4	human activity is contributing to environmental changes  osystems such as the largely unexplored marine environments. we here propose an interdisciplina  marine environments. we here propose an interdisciplinary research programme that will integrat  s. we here propose an interdisciplinary research programme that will integrate, in a novel cons
13737	4	rvation into consideration. the present research project addresses in a new way the issue wheth   are well adapted to acid conditions. a preliminary investigation has shown that both the taxon  y acid but vary in the waters levels of organic carbon and inorganic aluminium content, and in   imilar way. we also plan to investigate common properties of tolerant species that may explain
12067	7	ic and social benefits, at least in the short term, they are degrading key ecosystem services b  tems makes them less prone to cope with invasive species . some of which are clearly detrimenta  s threats to humans living close to the disturbed areas and could be of major economical and he  ion. in addition, the emergence of some tropical disease can be directly linked to the rapid an  he environment. the modification of the ecological niches of insect vectors constitutes an epid  ed model insect species in genetics and evolutionary biology and have showed their ability to a  icultural models insects will trigger a major advance in understanding the impact of anthropiza
2031	3	cope with increased temperatures due to global climate change. plants, insects and vertebrates   th increased temperatures due to global climate change. plants, insects and vertebrates respond  e so organisms become mistimed to their food supply. this leads to selection on the way animals
2491	7	the project will be run by the natural resources law group at the university of oslo.   ligations and possibilities for various public authorities in norway, through land use planning  s public authorities in norway, through land use planning and nature management, to take or to   na which are due to extreme weather and climate change, and are the rules adequate to effective  themes as resilience, disaster law, and public nuisance doctrine are also relevant. there is co  interdisciplinary project responding to climate change: the potential of and limits to adaptati  h four annual national seminars and two international gatherings.
12399	8	into the socio-economic consequences of climate change in the marine environment. it will inves  c consequences of climate change in the marine environment. it will investigate the extent to w  es and legislation are robust to future climate change, and it will explore decadal-scale varia  ill explore decadal-scale variations in climate change that might mask the overall warming tren  might mask the overall warming trend of coastal waters over the next 20 to 30 years. key custom  ure-proofing of marine policies and new maritime legislation. specifically, to determine whethe  ion. specifically, to determine whether statutory instruments and targets that are being introd  ental change and whether indicators and reference points of ‘good environmental status’ under t
6875	1	e area of distribution and for the long time-scale, instead of locally in space and time. on th
13839	3	ions is today different kind of neutral genetic markers. due to the definition of neutral marke  on in nature. in order to study whether local populations of sea trout are adapted to their env  r to study whether local populations of sea trout are adapted to their environments, we launche
13780	1	cular fitness indicator in fish. we use brown trout and coho salmon as model species to address
15364	5	intensity of drought events related to climate change have been associated to important change  position, structure and distribution of forest ecosystems worldwide, by means of increasing mor  tance of these processes in relation to global climate and ecosystem services stability, teher   iable projections on the near future of forest ecosystems under probable global change scenario   forest under different managements and climate change scenarios in order to develop a manageme
15332	2	previous studies carried out by our research group demonstrated that the outflow tract of t  ht throw new light on the assessment of morphogenetic processes that operate in the development
13817	3	in this study i focus on genetic diversity on frog population in the gulf of bot  national perspective, 3 knowledge about genetic diversity within and among population is import  he genetics of phenotypic plasticity in life history in the frog population by testing a recent
11120	1	of selection on maintenance of adaptive genetic variation.
14668	3	about the bending capacity of different bone structures would be carried out. the structures ch  ried out. the structures chosen are the shoulder girdle and the wing bones of birds, the human    functional demands, which could act as selective pressures. although the baculum is not a loco
10435	3	this project will investigate the evolutionary processes and physiological mechanisms und  in or across species. we shall test the alternative hypothesis that the frequency with which su  by subordinate and dominant females and quantitative analyses of existing data to . finally, we
9952	1	ctive strategies of individuals and the population dynamics of cooperative breeders. however, a
15461	3	anurans have two organs in the inner ear . the cutoff point between organ sensitivity   a parallel project by the ucla team the first year. the research proposed is completely innovat  novative because no previous behavioral field studies have addressed the sense of vibration det
15514	2	environmental change across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales is the rule r  changes are embedded in demographic and evolutionary processes that occurred in the past. there
15515	2	environmental change across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales is the rule r  changes are embedded in demographic and evolutionary processes that occurred in the past. there
11615	1	populations shape variation in neutral genetic markers and ecologically significant quantitati
10753	2	n pelagic waters. work conducted by our research group at sams supports this hypothesis. we hav  g of their location using card-fish and confocal microscopy. by combining these areas of resear
9871	2	n pelagic waters. work conducted by our research group at sams supports this hypothesis. we hav  g of their location using card-fish and confocal microscopy. by combining these areas of resear
11737	1	recent data suggest that, contrary to prevailing views, there are pathways for near surface c
1944	5	this project is part of a research programme that aims to develop multidisciplina  cy strategy on agro- biodiversity. this research project is directed towards the administrative  interdependencies between actors in the food supply chain in a juridical sense. the oio with a   sense. the oio with a specialization in policy sciences maps the institutional interdependencie   institutional interdependencies in the food supply chain and analyses the opportunities for go
14367	3	s composition, and stand diversity from remote sensing data. - a successful airborne flight cam  lyzing the sensitivity to errors in the input data. - the evaluation of the cost-benefit of com  borne hyperspectral with laser scanning remote sensing data for deriving forest thematic output
15303	4	chromosomal hybrid zones of house mouse, mus musculus domesticus, are an excellent   usions it has been found suppression of genetic recombination near the centromere in heterozygo  m a comparative analysis of the maps of genetic recombination between standard individuals, hom   we will determine which alterations in genetic recombination related to the diploid number and
15152	5	ndings are multiple, among are included fishing nets, military exercises, ship collisions and i  tiple, among are included fishing nets, military exercises, ship collisions and infectious dise  luded fishing nets, military exercises, ship collisions and infectious diseases. of the infecti  military exercises, ship collisions and infectious diseases. of the infectious diseases stands   lisions and infectious diseases. of the infectious diseases stands out the cetacean morbillivir
13979	5	opulation management have neglected the economic costs of management, and have thus risked wast  anagement resources. recent advances in decision theory for application to conservation allow f  ources, the swedish epa has produced an action plan for the woodpecker, with total implementati  ent strategies that meet the woodpecker action plans objectives. we will also examine the vulne   case-study for application to regional endangered species management, with potentially great s
7451	3	nt species are as yet unknown, however, climate change is likely to be an important factor. in   o the spatial and ecological use of the marine environment by different regional and river stoc  marine growth, condition, and survival. salmon populations may migrate to different marine zone
13362	2	aegean agricultural research institute have tomato, pepper and                      aegean agricultural research institute have tomato, pepper and eggplant gen
6843	3	he decomposition process drives complex food webs with the soil fauna. collembola are ubiquitou  the impact of here practiced methods of forest management on biodiversity. site description: th  s as well as from native or native-like deciduous forests, in order to compare their collembola
10688	1	uenced by nutritional conditions during early development. we will combine the organismal fitne
10443	9	survival play a fundamental role in the social structure and population dynamics of animals. wh  mental role in the social structure and population dynamics of animals. while data from a range  opulation-level patterns and individual life histories allows us to explore the consequences of  llows us to explore the consequences of life history responses to temporal changes in the envir  emporal changes in the environment in a population dynamics context. as a result, our research   arch will provide general insights into life history and aging theory, an understanding of how   ory, an understanding of how individual life histories respond to environmental change, and a t  etical framework for linking individual life histories to population dynamics.   or linking individual life histories to population dynamics.
7051	8	ffecting it remain to be understood. as biological control is effectively the product of networ  etween pests and their natural enemies, food web analysis provides a versatile tool to address   oposed project will utilize a molecular food web approach and examine, for the first time, how   tative aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs on a species-specific level to unravel how ch  pecific level to unravel how changes in food web interactions affect parasitoid aphid control.   tity affect parasitoid interactions and pest control, complementing the field results. the work  lization affects whole aphid-parasitoid food webs in both simple and complex landscapes, allowi  ing for further improvements in natural pest control.
11821	7	human society, the improved methods of food production eventually resulting in rapid populatio  roduction eventually resulting in rapid population growth and the development of complex civili  n, which results in the crop undergoing genetic changes that make the plants more desirable to   experiments have shown that if rigorous farming practices are followed, domestication can occur   we have been studying this question by genetic analysis of einkorn, a type of wheat that is no  ing. to do this we will study a part of chromosome number 1 of the wheat genome called the 5s-d  ones in wild plants, we will be able to work out exactly which wild populations are related to
7436	3	roject objective is to provide, through genetic analysis, understanding of the genetic diversit   genetic analysis, understanding of the genetic diversity of elements of the population, their   ocuses on the remuneration of trainees, genetic analysis, scientific equipment and valuation fe
10639	7	together complimentary expertise and a research team of proven effectiveness, leading to signi  ries that will be published in foremost scientific journals. the impact of this phd will be to   ectiveness of a land-use advocated as a climate change mitigation strategy. the project will sh  o enable society to respond urgently to global climate change by providing timely evidence-base  e society to respond urgently to global climate change by providing timely evidence-based recom  imely evidence-based recommendations to policy makers charged with climate change adaptation an  endations to policy makers charged with climate change adaptation and mitigation. moreover this
7430	3	gas plant in aim to capture and develop organic fertilizers on our plot. for 2010, we plan to c  rips, planting several species mixed to green manure, nesting boxes for sparrows, improving our   several species mixed to green manure, nesting boxes for sparrows, improving our pesticide red
7190	4	ment in 2007. the inclusion of this new social issue has become part of the environmental dimen  o-ecosystems while maintaining adequate production levels and ensuring the economic viability o  f farms. in this context, weeds diverse biological characteristics of weed species. these syste   the evolution towards a productive and sustainable agriculture
7417	3	gration. it is part of a productive and sustainable agriculture. cereals, particularly wheat, a  of land and grain quality are improved. plant diversity introduced into the cultured medium, th  stry grain of the hérault. research and development partners ensure a participatory and collabo
7111	1	he landscape structures and dynamics of land uses and management of field margins. in perspecti
7413	1	he project focuses on the impact of the green belt on the agricultural plots to define the impl
7703	7	n between nitrogen metabolism and plant defense mechanisms, choosing the model plant for cereal   for cereals, rice, wheat base with the green revolution, and model fungus magnaporthe grisea a  onditions and artificial inoculation in field conditions. in the laboratory, it will be possibl  en metabolism and those involved in the defense mechanisms, those who have a major role in this  ll be measured globally by conventional chemical analysis but gene expression analyzes identifi  y by conventional chemical analysis but gene expression analyzes identified in the laboratory w  e in the field. furthermore analysis of genetic diversity and the work of genetic expression of
523	1	scape structures and by the dynamics of land use and the management of field borders. as a futu
13310	10	ocols for the assessment of large-scale environmental risks in order to minimise negative direc  sity. in particular, risks arising from climate change, environmental chemicals, biological inv  lar, risks arising from climate change, environmental chemicals, biological invasions and polli   context of current and future european land use patterns will be assessed. there is an increas  essed. there is an increasing number of case studies on the environmental risks subsequent to e  ncreasing number of case studies on the environmental risks subsequent to each of these impacts  ert is poor and alarm will be the first research initiative with the critical mass needed to de   the first research initiative with the critical mass needed to deal with such aspects of combi  ombined impacts and their consequences. risk assessments in alarm will be hierarchical and exam  isational . alarm encompasses 7 smes as full partners with central responsibilities and with a
15187	4	ed as bioindicators of the increases of sedimentation rates in disturbed environments. the sedi  works have studied the algal turfs from coral reefs and subtidal habitats with high sedimentati  l reefs and subtidal habitats with high sedimentation rates related with human activities. neve  h high sedimentation rates related with human activities. nevertheless, very few works have pre
13593	2	ajor component of the ongoing change in biotic communities. in this project, we will explore th  ee introduced macroalgae on the swedish coastal ecosystem.
2522	4	n pathway of the pacific oyster through genetic studies.this project will provide knowledge of   n native fauna and flora that will help natural resource managers to develop monitoring and act  urce managers to develop monitoring and action plans for this invasive species.   op monitoring and action plans for this invasive species.
14416	2	y the introduction of alien arthropods: long term study on effect of h. axiridis on native anim  ion. the project will produce validated data base of alien arthropods of bulgaria published in
12016	4	r this programme, we brought together 5 research groups from different research institutions, s  xt. we have studied the impact of alien invasive species in invaded communities, taking the rat  or study-case. the combination of these different approaches we conducted on ecologically contr  ing of the complexity of the impacts of invasive species when introduced to or removed from isl
13743	1	nation network. to study the ability of invasive species to establish facilitative interactions
176	1	experiments and ideas generated during pilot studies.
10823	5	buoyancy plays an important role in the diving behaviour of all air-breat  ant role in the diving behaviour of all air-breathing marine animals. we will investigate how s  e-related differences in the ability of loggerhead turtles to regulate their buoyancy, affects    coastal foraging sites and also in the deep sea. in addition, this will be the most comprehens  ve satellite tracking study of juvenile sea turtles revealing their migration patterns and habi
14103	1	. the same is valid about boreo-nemoral deciduous forests growing in estonia almost on the nort
12355	2	icals, provide satisfactory quality and turnaround times, and do this for an acceptable cost pe  ptable analytical quality requirements, turnaround times, and cost per sample, and identify com
12709	2	ration is typically tied to traditional land use and particularly to farming and forestry. the    or norfolk broads generate significant business opportunities linked to tourism
11067	6	main determinant of species ranges, so climate change is expected to cause changes in species   s are likely to respond individually to climate change, the overall consequences of these chang  derstanding of the potential effects of climate change on regional and global biodiversity. thi  will investigate altitudinal changes in dung beetle species in five mountain regions along a la   changes in dung beetle species in five mountain regions along a latitudinal transect in europe  ated to the latitudinal position of the mountain range. finally, i will explore the consequence
9965	6	main determinant of species ranges, so climate change is expected to cause changes in species   s are likely to respond individually to climate change, the overall consequences of these chang  derstanding of the potential effects of climate change on regional and global biodiversity. thi  will investigate altitudinal changes in dung beetle species in five mountain regions along a la   changes in dung beetle species in five mountain regions along a latitudinal transect in europe  ated to the latitudinal position of the mountain range. finally, i will explore the consequence
12037	6	ning exploitation of one of the richest natural resources on earth, especially familiar farmers  nerally poor and with limited access to public health, education, formation, energy or transpor  l development. the project considered a wide range of situations present in two different count  iplinary fields, a unique protocole for data collection and treatment while a number of authors   based our work on an interdisciplinary conceptual model and created an indicator of eco effici  ith the lowest ranking. impact on local economic development and environmental conservation is
10527	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
10774	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11051	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11574	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11816	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11817	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11820	6	amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global  e the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they   pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch  ct significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to develop multiple constraint an  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11235	8	evelopment catalyst project to build an interdisciplinary research and partner consortium that   iosphere: the yungas . these two sister forest ecosystems are amongst the most biodiverse regio  ese ecosystems span more than 6 million square kilometers, roughly 25 times the size of the uk.  via food, medicines, home, culture, and natural resources. these forest biospheres also provide  rbon sink. internationally, there is an urgent need to improve understanding of the importance    deforestation, resource extraction and climate change. this proposal is for a 6-month grant to  hropologists, veterinary scientists and social scientists working with a diverse group of local  e yungas-amazonia observatory including research team and methods; partner organisations; impac
10573	10	play a critical role in the cycling of greenhouse gases between the biosphere and atmosphere.   tively few ground-based measurements of greenhouse gas exchange from these ecosystems, as atten  zonian peatlands for regional or global greenhouse gas budgets, or to predict how emissions fro  first pilot measurements of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from amazonian peatlands, in order  us to better understand how methane and nitrous oxide fluxes are influenced by ecological proce  opical peatlands for current and future climate change. the need for studies like this are part  se of the rapid pace of development and land use change, which may trigger enhanced carbon loss  ich may trigger enhanced carbon losses, greenhouse gas emissions and habitat degradation, all o  gger enhanced carbon losses, greenhouse gas emissions and habitat degradation, all of which may  which may act as a positive feedback to climate change.
2204	5	this workpackage is a case study of an introduced alien aquatic organism and   ature with a number of experimental and field studies. it has been intensively studied since it  h plague is so far mainly restricted to laboratory studies but this topic is well covered in th  n vectors have also been identified and human activities, connected to the great economic and s  ecological model that also incorporates human activities and behaviour will be the outcome of t
11186	17	hey appear to act as a bell-weather for global warming. in 1998, an estimated 16% of the world    documented. at the same time, tropical sea surface temperatures were the highest in the modern  n instrumental record. anomalously warm sea surface temperatures again caused widespread bleach  d widespread bleaching during 2002. the annual growth bands in coral can be used to reconstruct  to reconstructed temperature, salinity, ocean circulation, river runoff and sediment discharge   turies, and by overlapping these, long, high resolution chronologies can be constructed. intra-  s can be constructed. intra-crystalline amino acids have not been investigated before, but pilo  t data indicate remarkable potential. a chemical change in one amino acid, aspartic acid, offer  ble potential. a chemical change in one amino acid, aspartic acid, offers the highest resolutio  l. a chemical change in one amino acid, aspartic acid, offers the highest resolution chronology  onology yet observed using this method. aspartic acid racemization could help place these recor   behaviour of high-frequency short-term climate fluctuations such as el niño. even more intrigu  e intriguing is that variation in other amino acids may provide a marked for and a clue to the   ations in the amount of racemization of aspartic acid followed an increase in amino acid bacter  f aspartic acid followed an increase in amino acid bacterial markers the year before. records o  l to understanding the impact of future climate change and preparing management strategies for   and preparing management strategies for coral reefs.
10869	1	ctica new zealand s terrestrial biology research programme.
14782	1	enon of amphiatlantic distributions and allopatric speciation in opisthobranch molluscs with a
12051	2	nd multiagents modelling, to define the decision making mechanisms which condition the implemen  ases . the efficiency, the study of the decision making process and governance will be based on
15445	3	terranean and they are distributed in a wide range of body mass, from 100 g to 1 kg. regarding   of the genus must dig in very different soil conditions. it is known that although limbs are us  found, in order to explain the possible evolutionary process of changing, departing from the ep
12479	7	osystems of england, such as woodlands, rural landscapes, rivers and moorlands. ecosystem servi  atural ecosystems perform critical life-support services upon which human civilization depends.  nds. ecosystem services provide us with economic benefits in a number of different ways. some o  environment programme, which included a significant amount of work in identifying the ecosystem  system services involved, assessing the key issues and outlining the tools available to quantif  o ascertain some service values primary data collection and analysis may prove very valuable. a   and marginal values. a small number of case studies will be employed to investigate these issu
11861	1	siderable importance is helping set the policy agendas for a range of organisations, including
11591	1	to work in a collaborative manner with policy makers, policy formers and researchers to identi
12241	4	collected, only rudimentary systems of data storage were available, and most datasets were rec  t as paper records, on microfiche or on magnetic tape. this makes them difficult to access and,  ously used to download information from magnetic tapes. if these data are to be preserved and u  d also be used to collate new data from ongoing research. in summary, the database will underpi
12672	3	rsity and related ecosystem services in developing countries, focusing on those with a high pro  ng of the importance of biodiversity in developing countries. to illustrate this evidence base   o illustrate this evidence base through case studies and examples.
10444	4	fectiveness of gps-collars to study the social behaviour of foxes in urban bristol. we will com  ation error polygons, size of resultant home range estimates, efficacy of determining habitat u  s, efficacy of determining habitat use, cost-effectiveness. our ultimate goal is to advance our  erence competition and the cost-benefit trade-off between natal philopatry and dispersal. we wi
11576	3	focus for research into the effects of climate change on weather, climate, water resources, ag  e methodology will then be applied to a wide range of biomes for which eddy covariance evaporat  o their corresponding climate and water budget constraints.
10650	12	and represent a highly important global carbon dioxide sink, with an amount of stored carbon re   their ability to continue to sequester carbon dioxide and their botanical composition under fu  heir botanical composition under future global warming scenarios is uncertain, but research int  o store carbon during former periods of climate change can provide clues to their potential fut  ing the medieval warm period and little ice age in raised peat bogs was dependent upon the bota  arm period and little ice age in raised peat bogs was dependent upon the botanical composition   fossils do not preserve well in blanket peat bogs and other boreal and subarctic peatland ecosy  ruct peat forming plants from extensive peat bog archive deposits which contain millennial reco  mperfectly known botanical composition. peat bog deposits contain detailed records of carbon se   long-term ecological records to inform conservation policies. uk scientists are world leaders   onservation policies. uk scientists are world leaders in the analyses of these deposits, and th  mes on biodiversity, sustainable use of natural resources, and knowledge exchange to stakeholde
10079	3	explain and predict pollinator-mediated gene flow. the comprehensive model of cresswell et al.    model of cresswell et al. encapsulates key elements of our conventional view of pollination an  ll understanding of pollinator-mediated gene flow and thus supporting accurate predictions.
10041	14	of the most spectacular features in the natural world. many of these displays depend on the pre  t functions as antioxidants, and in the immune system, leading to the possibility of trade-offs  e system, leading to the possibility of trade-offs in their usage. while environmental factors   ity of trade-offs in their usage. while environmental factors affecting carotenoid coloration h  here is almost no information about the genetic factors involved, although these must have seve  olved, although these must have several important roles in carotenoid conversion and deposition  n studied in many species; and a robust phylogenetic reconstruction is available for this group  ch is important for testing comparative evolutionary hypotheses. the project will isolate genes  d between dull and bright red or yellow body parts. comparison between the quelea and widow bir  arts. comparison between the quelea and widow bird will allow us to determine if the same or di  sible for carotenoid deposition in bare body parts compared to feather follicles. also, by exam   interest to behavioural ecologists and evolutionary geneticists. the work will also provide th   of carotenoid coloration and potential trade-offs with other carotenoid functions such as anti  unctions such as antioxidant and in the immune system.
152	4	ve of the grant project is to create an information system of tree and stand models and data se   1. working out of the structure of the information system to implement the models included in   to implement the models included in the information system and test them on data sets. 6. testi  d evaluation of the models saved in the information system based on the available data sets. 7.
10901	4	ill be demonstrated by csna analysis of amino acids derived from tissue and diet samples from c  h bangor university. dissemination will take place through the nerc community and beyond. comme   through the nerc community and beyond. commercial exploitation will be undertaken by our indus   exploitation will be undertaken by our industrial partner.
13799	6	the proposed research project will analyze the role of different for  focuses, among others, on how different property rights and management practices of these land   ights and management practices of these land uses influence biodiversity and ecosystem function  ing habitats. habitats analyzed include nature reserves, dispersal corridors in green wedges, c  s, dispersal corridors in green wedges, city parks, residential gardens, allotment gardens, gol  residential gardens, allotment gardens, golf courses, agricultural lands and forestry.
7689	11	the green belt formed by the agricultural irrigation canals  e green belt formed by the agricultural irrigation canals is in the present context of land a s  ovence french riviera. take the role of irrigation canals in ecological dynamics, economic and    and giest in january 2011. new uses of irrigation canals covered both economic and social dyna  n frame of durance luberon territory of irrigation canals will meet this demand. the objective   ape that can support the development of interdisciplinary research and management choices. mode  ifferent actors concerned by the use of irrigation canals and management. it then looks at how    and generated mapping, we show how the irrigation canals can foster connectivity between farml   the central assumption we make in this research project is that the irrigation canals now form  ke in this research project is that the irrigation canals now form an aquatic soustrame, in the   this dynamic plant on the outskirts of irrigation canals, such as the role that they play in t
14848	3	ity and others have remarked the highly disturbed conditions of the river basins in this megadi   the highly disturbed conditions of the river basins in this megadiverse region. it is needed t  the most important zones to explain the evolutionary history of the group of fishes and benthon
11726	2	t this site, at the ends of the wet and dry seasons. canopy- and component-scale measurements w  d a key forest type that, unlike inland rain forest, harbours very few tree species and is stro
15017	1	s will be experimentally studied in two bird species. in adittion, the heritability of the effi
10052	3	r sediments. bacterial communities play important roles in aquatic food webs, and are vital to   unities play important roles in aquatic food webs, and are vital to the integrity and normal nu  s will include measured time courses of microbial diversity during controlled sediment and wate
12703	4	f three linked investigations to inform policy making and land management decisions concerning   nd land management decisions concerning climate change and protected sites, and considerations   r evidence of signals of the effects of climate change. there is also a project that is assessi  roject that is assessing the impacts of climate change on ornithological interest of uk special
1085	9	influence the invasion of mediterranean sand dune ecosystems by alien plants. the current proje  ate the degree of naturalisation of the exotic species and their position concerning naturaliza  nvasion processes. this project aims at setting up a geo-referenced data base of the native and  ect aims at setting up a geo-referenced data base of the native and exotic vascular flora of th  ascular flora of the coastal systems of sand dunes in central italy containing information rega  raphic distribution. to this scope, the data base will be integrated with a gis software in ord  tive and alien species in the different plant community types growing on coastal dunes. further  thermore, the invasion processes of the sand dune systems will be monitored by using permanent   sion processes currently in progress in sand dune ecosystems.
14569	3	ion vary wiyh strains and depend on the host plant and soil features. studies on its genetic an  h insights into the contribution of the genetic diversity of soil microorganisms to the functio  il microorganisms to the functioning of forest ecosystems. .
10232	4	ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come  p track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this comes from studies at spec  e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode  bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.
10498	4	ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come  p track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this comes from studies at spec  e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode  bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.
11512	4	ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come  p track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this comes from studies at spec  e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode  bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.
11613	4	ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come  p track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this comes from studies at spec  e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode  bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.
15172	1	stigations carried out by the applicant research team in previous/current projects propagated i
10721	5	evolutionary biologists have long been fascinated by th  t species. past research has shown that sexual dimorphism has arisen in response to differing m  ng through the population, due to their negative effect on the other sex. finally, we will stud   antagonism in order identify the exact nucleotide sites responsible for differences in sex-spe  ites responsible for differences in sex-specific performance. doing so will allow us to infer f
7389	2	roposes to continue the exploitation of basic research and applied purposes of a metagenomic li  unds and determine the impact had quont gene transfer to shape these clusters
6923	6	crown gall caused by agrobacterium is one of the most s   controlled. the pathogen transform the host plant cells resulting in tumorous growth. the tran  bacterial dna from the bacterium to the host cell nucleus is determined by bacterial virulence   cell nucleus is determined by bacterial virulence genes, while its integration into the plant g   using insertion mutagenesis, yeast-two hybrid system or virus induced gene silencing. the aim   w tools may help us in engineering new, crown gall resistant lines.
14173	2	ewer-fangman type 2-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. we would like to understand what m  n vitro reconstitution experiments with purified protein factors.
15173	3	in this research project we will study sex determination and go  ing xenopus tropicalis and bufo bufo as animal models. we chose the species x. tropicalis due t  elation with morphological changes that take place in the gonad during development will allow u
12461	1	economic link licence condition against public interest objectives, particularly the vision of
15038	9	biological invasions are important elements of global change, representing the s  he decline and even collapse of several marine ecosystems. seaweeds represent an important comp  resent an important component of marine exotic species, ranging between 10 and 40% of the total  e of these species mean a high risk for marine ecosystems, as seaweeds may function as ecosyste   further than the direct impacts by the invasive species, such as changes in species compositio  enario and in new climatic scenarios of global warming, identifying special sensitive regions t  dentifying special sensitive regions to invasive species and, with them specific communities. u  onsidering as model the invasion of the red seaweed asparagopsis taxiformis on mediterranean an  cies is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in europe and in the mediterranean sea
14705	1	duction. in the other hand, to know the genetic diversity of this specie allows us to develop m
7532	2	tic profiles. we propose to analyze the genetic diversity of 15 of these races with the panel o  eds of livestock information, and study genetic distances between them. the distances between r
15143	1	importance that small fragments of semi-natural habitat have as biological corridors, allowing
7371	2	of the variability of genes involved in meiotic recombination which is nevertheless at the hear  lyzing the nucleotide diversity of four key players in the formation of crossing- overs at the
14862	1	present in practically every permanent fresh water body of this planet and they exert in many
10068	1	n the same way. some kinds of seabird . evolutionary trees will also be used to test whether al
15424	3	y perspective to study the evolution of sexual behaviour, genitalia and alternative mating tact   . one of the most important debates in evolutionary biology focuses on why sexual reproduction   the nature and significance of selfish genetic elements, like transposons. we recently reviewe
13415	1	le production system of angora goats in rural areas within the context of conservation and sust
14166	7	measurements have demonstrated the high information content and potential of angular reflectanc   of angular reflectance distribution in remote sensing applications. for example, the angular d  ield base of the estonian university of life sciences which has been and will be a test site of  e sciences which has been and will be a test site of international satellite remote sensing pro   a test site of international satellite remote sensing projects. besides advancing the know-how  sensing projects. besides advancing the know-how of instrument development and data processing    know-how of instrument development and data processing techniques, the results of the project
9963	3	many animals live in social groups, such as shoals of fish, herds of zebra,   dual animals, and the interactions that take place between animals, influence the patterns we s   for this sort of work, as they live in social groups in the wild, and also swim freely in open
6918	8	should be optimized. the inbreeding in short time, the decreasing of homozygozity in long time  y. the genetic improvement of dairy and beef cattle, of sport horses as well as of pig and shee  luding the animal breeding departments, research institute, breeding company and the breeding a  y and the breeding associations and the state office of animal breeding. the solution of geneti  allenges increases the genetic value of domestic animal populations in the future. there are, h  in the future. there are, however, some short time effects of this activity as well in the main  by the planned scientific and practical international cooperation. in the project the basic and  he hungarian breeders' associations, as co-workers and consortium members, will use the results
1987	3	irds travel between their wintering and breeding grounds via a number of distant stop-over site  reeding grounds via a number of distant stop-over sites. why birds use a particular route and f  ration and ecological, evolutionary and conservation issues. in particular, state-dependent mod
13600	2	more general ecological question about rain forest ecocsystem response to canopy disturbance.    variuos epiphytes on coffee plants and shade trees. i will primarily be located at dr. stacy m
14417	6	d ultraviolet-b radiation. the enhanced ultraviolet radiation affects important metabolic proce  ng organisms and causes damages to many organic molecules including dna. deep understanding of   to be a wide field for biodiversity and environmental protection investigations. the resistance  iorating anthropogenic conditions. many harmful effects accumulate genomic and cell defense sys   ability to survive settling in various ecological niches and thus being extremely resistible t  nd biochemical markers of resistance to ultraviolet radiation alone or combined with other form
10344	5	experiment, tied up to a large drifting ice floe in the weddell sea, antarctica. they will cond  bial assemblage that thrives within the sea ice itself and in the waters directly underneath th  tic organisms and bacteria and look for specific chemical signatures of the organisms that can   d the ship, however, some sophisticated chemical analyses will be made on samples returned to b  ar microbial dynamics and diversity and chemical processes within the oceans. the expedition is
14366	4	goals: wp1 digital elevation models for morphological analyses: the objecvtive of this wp is to   dems. wp2 development and evolution of river systems: the major aim of this wp is to automatic  ings. wp5 functional and multi-temporal urban development: the objective of this wp is to study  interactions and to asses the impact of urban development on the natural and cultural heritage
14708	1	will be compared to gain insight in the evolutionary history of this mutualism.
13786	11	munity little is known about anti-viral immune responses. viral diseases are especially abundan  nown about anti-viral immune responses. viral diseases are especially abundant in lepidoptera.   rts of the hemolin sequence followed by protein expression and binding assays in vitro. knowled  ence followed by protein expression and binding assays in vitro. knowledge of viral pathogenesi  d binding assays in vitro. knowledge of viral pathogenesis in lepidoptera comes from studies of   studies of noctuid moths and there are circumstantial evidences for hemolin involvement in sev  r hemolin involvement in several of the defense mechanisms against the viruses. by cloning hemo  rent virus types. in parallel, a global gene expression analysis in silkmoth will be performed,  na interference. knowledge of the virus defense mechanisms that control the baculovirus develop  for improving baculovirus efficiency in biological control. it can also give insights into anti   can also give insights into anti-viral defense mechanisms in vertebrates.
14106	2	costs of reproduction and dominance in field studies on free-living birds. research will be co  onary animal ecology – greenfinches and great tits, i.e., passerine birds with carotenoid-based
7630	2	our project has two primary objectives, ecological restoration operations are also part of the   on compensation "in kind" to offset the environmental impacts to the natural environment is sta
15333	4	d by agriculture, forestry, tourism, or urban development alter biodiversity at local, regional  le, classify and identify. they play an important role in nearly all the ecosystems to evaluate   of organization including communities, functional groups and individual species. at the same t  stry, and tourism policies, reconciling economic development and the conservation of biodiversi
14604	2	will determine whether the influence of temperature changes on the different vital processes ha  otypical plasticity or in adaptation by natural selection. this information will be useful to m
7120	1	ersity mainly apprehended in the nature conservation policies of line
10465	6	iotic bacterium that provides essential amino acids and other nutrients that are absent in the   hogenic fungi, help the aphid withstand heat shock, and influence host plant use. secondary sym  hid withstand heat shock, and influence host plant use. secondary symbionts constitute a pool o  species they can be called a horizontal gene pool, a term we borrow from bacterial genetics whe   subprojects. the first is to develop a mathematical model to synthesise all we know about seco   final part of the project seeks to use cutting edge bacterial genetic strain typing to describ
9887	6	iotic bacterium that provides essential amino acids and other nutrients that are absent in the   hogenic fungi, help the aphid withstand heat shock, and influence host plant use. secondary sym  hid withstand heat shock, and influence host plant use. secondary symbionts constitute a pool o  species they can be called a horizontal gene pool, a term we borrow from bacterial genetics whe   subprojects. the first is to develop a mathematical model to synthesise all we know about seco   final part of the project seeks to use cutting edge bacterial genetic strain typing to describ
10922	2	estigated from both long and short-term laboratory studies and complemented by a range of mathe   studies and complemented by a range of mathematical models. these models will range from gener
15575	24	since the 1940ies increased agricultural production has modified agricultural lands  luding destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats, reduction in habitat diversity, and i  ed by biodiversity are rare. biological pest control is one ecosystem service threatened by agr  ut the mechanisms behind such landscape-pest control relationships. moreover, the relationship   hip between natural enemy diversity and biological control is not straightforward. even though   fluctuating environmental conditions. a food web approach, where the trophic interactions betwe  use and natural enemy diversity affects biological control. it has been shown that the structur  n that the structure of host-parasitoid food webs can be strongly altered by habitat modificati  ication with important implications for biological control. however, to date no study has explo  as explored the interactions in complex food webs including agricultural pests, predatory and p  ractions in complex food webs including agricultural pests, predatory and parasitoid natural en   of natural enemy-pest-alternative prey food web interactions and the value of biological contr   food web interactions and the value of biological control. our study system will be cereal aph  e among the economically most important insect pests in many parts of europe, and the most impo   these aphids as well as their non-pest food sources. based on the vast amount of data already   d by our team we will analyse how local land use and landscape composition affects natural enem  fts in natural enemy communities affect biological control. using up-to-date molecular techniqu  . using up-to-date molecular techniques food web interactions will be empirically examined unde  ions will be empirically examined under field conditions allowing us to conduct interaction net  rent scales affects trophic linking and biological control. these data will feed into a model f  . these data will feed into a model for biological control of cereal aphids, and facilitate val  al aphids, and facilitate valuations of biological control through monetary and non-monetary me  -monetary methods. finally, we will map biological control across landscapes in europe and test   and landscape structure will influence biological control.
10603	4	ut these bacteria as we can only grow a tiny fraction of them in the laboratory for study. deep  on of them in the laboratory for study. deep ocean sediments contain most of these deep biosphe  the surface and trying to study them at atmospheric pressure, which might kill the vast majorit  ospheric pressure, which might kill the vast majority of them. we have developed a system which
10103	5	d 20,000 species, is the largest in the plant kingdom. orchids hold a particular fascination be  ing, intensification of agriculture and land use changes have placed many species in jeopardy.    for over a century, the details of the chemical compounds that are characteristic of it are un  recently developed technique in which a laser beam is used to vaporise compounds contained in t   tissue and to pass the products into a mass spectrometer enabling the individual carbon and ni
12631	6	g supporting statements; and structured telephone interviews with a selection of local authorit  elephone interviews with a selection of local authority planners and representatives of natural  ral england. the research will focus on local authorities with high a degree of development pre  grade alc land located near to existing urban areas. 3. study outputs from these elements of wo   project team will ultimately develop a technical report which details the current availability  stainability indicator when determining planning applications. the project team will also seek
7034	4	ty or a reduction in the stability of a real world ecosystem. outputs from this research projec  real world ecosystem. outputs from this research project may have fundamental practical implica   the stability according to a change in driving forces like climate change.   ding to a change in driving forces like climate change.
6744	4	the am research institute for viticulture and enology has been   resistance breading effectivelly for a half century. breading of fungi-resistance, marketable    important the use results of molecular biological research. application of molecular markers,   g. in this field the using of molecular genetic markers constitute is a new and effective metho
14484	2	is trichiura lives as a parasite on the large intestine of the human host. trichuris vulpis and  on and sequentiation of the co1 and nd1 mitochondrial gene in the three species of nematode par
15219	2	ny marine invertebrates present complex life cycles comprising several developmental stages whi  ncountered by researchers when studying population dynamics, recruitment events, larval dispers
14663	4	igh irradiance combined with drought or low temperatures. the imbalance between light energy ab  truction of a reliable and reproducible data base. finally, its validity as an ecophysiological  ol will be tested by using the obtained data base in a forest study to compare antioxidant syst  ed by using the obtained data base in a forest study to compare antioxidant systems in winter a
14203	1	w lake with comparatively high ratio of catchment area to lake volume can be attributed to the
10862	1	cal scientific knowledge to real marine environmental problems. this grant supports 3 full stud
11022	11	iassic, about 220ma ago. their mesozoic fossil record is frustratingly sparse, and the part tha  nge transformed to the mechanism of the middle ear; one of the great case studies of vertebrate  ism of the middle ear; one of the great case studies of vertebrate evolutionary morphology. bas  o help them interpret fossils. detailed high resolution scans can be produced using synchrotron   resolution scans can be produced using synchrotron radiation. the small size of morganucodon a  tage as they can be accommodated in the high resolution facilities at the swiss light source to  high resolution facilities at the swiss light source to be tested. the analysis calculates stra  forces. non-invasive techniques such as computed tomography scans can be used to generate accur   be insectivores but this covers a very wide range of possible food. this study will use fea to  ll inform on feeding specialization and ecological niches. morganucodon and kuehneotherium both  rstand the mechanism of the transition. high resolution synchrotron scans will also provide det
12490	15	hrough high ammonia concentrations near point sources; - decrease of species diversity of semi-  its subsequent leaching; - pollution of ground water and drinking water due to nitrate leaching  aching; - pollution of ground water and drinking water due to nitrate leaching; - eutrophicatio  ce waters due to nitrogen enrichment; - global warming due to emission of nitrous oxide and met  nt; - global warming due to emission of nitrous oxide and methane, and cooling due to ammonium   ling due to ammonium sulphate aerosols; air quality management for ecosystem protection has pri   date on the use of critical levels and critical loads to define environmental thresholds above  ne environmental thresholds above which adverse effects may occur. however, the effects on ecos  to the nitrogen emerging as nitrates in water courses to the detriment of the aquatic environme  riment of the aquatic environment or to nitrous oxide emissions that contribute to climate chan  rous oxide emissions that contribute to climate change. in the uk to date, most effort has been  irective insight into the true costs of policy measures. this project will compare the ecosyste  tems approach with current conventional air quality management approaches to determine which as  . this will acheived by comparing three different approaches to emission control which involve   mentation of an ecosystems approach for air quality policy development at national level in the
12516	5	ase management in organic and low input apple orchards. an ecological approach to orchard floor  earch to identify the components of the apple blossom weevil sex pheromone should lead to new m  ers. manipulation and management of the ground cover plants within the crop to provide attracti  oth in terms of refuges and alternative food sources is likely to increase the abundance of ben  nge of pest species that have different life cycle strategies. some species have a ground inhab
12046	3	the plankton are the base of the marine food chain. among planktonic microbes, there seems to b  n the plankton to understand how marine food chains work and the effects of global change. we e  e effects of global change. we examined basic questions concerning protists of the plankton by
12057	3	ies in aquatic systems ans likelyplay a key role in shaping and/or controlling the diversity an  . however, comprehensive studies at the community level are still missing. the following object  rate phages; 3/ assessing transduction, host range and resistance processes in communities; 4/
11045	1	ing within different species in various food chains, all the way up to and including man. recen
11057	1	ing within different species in various food chains, all the way up to and including man. recen
10238	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
10697	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
11252	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
11262	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
11793	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
11800	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
11803	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
9971	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
9977	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
9986	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
9988	3	nteract to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology   iogeochemical cycles. the aim is to use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity a  tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv
12247	2	d reduce the environmental footprint of food production substantially. this has clear significa   has clear significance for sustainable food production and security.
207	1	s in forest ecosystsems under different forest management pressure; to study experimentally the
14108	1	rrhizal fungi whole dna extraction from plant roots followed by molecular species identificatio
11863	6	nments such as deserts or inside caves. charred remains are much commoner, these being grains a  a is only poorly preserved, because the high temperatures to which the molecules have been expo  ing the technique called the polymerase chain reaction . pcr does not work particularly well wi  s to use it to study the ancient dna in charred remains have not been very successful. this is   trating because ancient dna analysis of charred remains could tell us a great deal about prehis  thern europe, but we do not know if the genetic changes that resulted in this adaptation occurr
7035	9	pelines in the landscape that transport organic carbon from the continents to the oceans. recen  that streams, rivers and estuaries emit significant amounts of co2 to the atmosphere. these stu   of ecosystem metabolism on terrestrial organic carbon — in streams and rivers. obviously, thes  bservations raise the question: how can organic carbon that was initially stored in soils over   tions involved in the metabolism of key organic compounds of terrestrial origin. we will also t  ively recalcitrant compounds. new ultra-high resolution metabolomics will contribute to unravel  pine, tropical and arctic networks. the carbon cycle in these biomes is predicted to be particu  s predicted to be particularly prone to global warming. this ecosystem-level information, coupl  heir performance to oxidize terrestrial organic carbon.
10518	4	e hydrate is stable under conditions of low temperature and high pressure such as those found i  r than 300-600 metres, depending on the water temperature. over the past thirty years, the ocea   hydrate is stable to contract down the continental slope, with the apparent consequence that h   the seabed to derive the variations in electrical resistivity in the sediments beneath the sea
11727	1	and simple incubation experiments with bacterial cultures. such studies have much wider implic
10183	5	onships in zooplanktonic species. since planktonic organisms are central to marine foodwebs, th   central to marine foodwebs, the global carbon cycle and represent a key life-stage of many ben  ny benthic species the determination of bacterial infections that take place in the plankton wi  ermination of bacterial infections that take place in the plankton will have a profound influen  nkton will have a profound influence on marine ecology.
11663	7	livestock. ascertaining if an emergent infectious disease is spreading and if that spread is m  ading and if that spread is mediated by human activities is a fundamental component of infectio  ctivities is a fundamental component of infectious disease risk assessment, indentified as a de  amental component of infectious disease risk assessment, indentified as a deliverable in nerc s  ory suggests that dispersal mediated by human activities can proceed in a disorganized and irre   recruit the public to cooperate in the data collection. this project extends a strong working   llection. this project extends a strong working relationship between twjg at the institute of z
11785	6	ion. thus, a huge deficit exists in our general knowledge of species diversity, but also, there  reme negative correlation between taxon body size and the number of species described. current   e found in all habitats, but notably in marine sediments where they can make up between 50-90%   nematodes are ecologically important in marine sediment ecosystem processes and comprise the ma  hich macroorganisms rely. despite their pivotal role in ecosystem functioning, a current estima  olecular biodiversity would represent a major advance towards identifying a crucial biological
11636	11	diated, nutrient cycling processes that take place within soil. these processes are essential f   soil microbial communities. typically, molecular analysis involves extraction of soil dna or r  dentity and diversity of the community. molecular analysis has revealed the existence of consid   revealed the existence of considerable microbial diversity in soil and the existence of many g  with extreme environments, e.g. low ph, high temperature. non-thermophilic crenarachaeota are a  of large fragments of dna from soil and marine environments indicate a possible function for th  ontain genes isotope c or with labelled organic compounds known to be converted by ammonia mono   be converted by ammonia monooxygenase. nucleic acids in organisms assimilating these substrate  l be labelled and 13c- and 12c-labelled nucleic acids will then be separated by density gradien  nucleic acids will then be separated by density gradient centrifugation. the different nucleic    gradient centrifugation. the different nucleic acid fractions will be analysed, by amplificati
10070	3	are essential symbiotic partners of the vast majority of temperate trees; the fungi play a crit  tured from the soil for access to plant organic carbon. however, we know surprisingly little ab  eathland systems, and they will provide stepping stones for performing ecologically-significant
10429	2	cal ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly a  stly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simulate tropical c
10967	2	cal ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly a  stly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simulate tropical c
11699	2	cal ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly a  stly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simulate tropical c
14952	2	sion process will be proposed, based in ecological niche and in degree-day models.   posed, based in ecological niche and in degree-day models.
14540	5	the development of former research projects dealing with identification of autoch  ginal from america, which behaves as an invasive species, outcompeting the autochthonous artemi   as possible the presence of the exotic invasive species. the research on life span for specime  xotic invasive species. the research on life span for specimens from these populations, under s   from these populations, under standard laboratory culture conditions, and on cooccurrence in a
14638	3	the development of former research projects dealing with identification of autoch   to improve the information held in the data base and cyst bank maintained by the research grou  ta base and cyst bank maintained by the research group.
7151	4	d growth, the light color and excellent mechanical properties of the wood. f. angustifolia is a  tifolia is not considered an essence of good quality and there is no known economic uses of its   a business perspective. the reality of climate change, notably that of the increase in the ave  on, local adaptation, mating system and gene flow measurements in sympatric populations and pur
13875	9	rosa rugosa from ne asia is an invasive exotic species in n europe and ne north america. it con  distinguished, evolution and ecology. a genetic change may have taken place in the exotic range  ion and may have been caused by altered selective pressure in the new environment or by introgr   from its natural enemies , which limit population growth and plant vigour in its native range.  h and plant vigour in its native range. circumstantial evidence points to both evolutionary and  ar species, and the introduction of new invasive species. the project will test for quantittive  ing general herbivory and disease under field conditions with competitive neighbours. experimen  ive and exotic ranges. in addition, the population dynamics will be studied in order to identif  ill be studied in order to identify the life cycle stage most sensitive to control measures.
14583	2	ommunity in the places where due to the human activities is damaged or it is disappearing, and   olve the lose of biodiversity caused by human activities.
12590	4	policy-makers across defra and other government departments have a key requirement for relia   the belief of both policymakers and uk soil scientists that sufficient information already exi  exists to enable the impact of existing government policies on soc losses to be examined. howev   of soil c flux for several established land use and management scenarios, within specified lev
10163	5	coral reefs are under threat worldwide from a combinati  ed to have had a considerable impact on reef fish communities. the aim of this project is to co  ublished and unpublished information on reef fish abundance across the caribbean. using the sam  term patterns of change in abundance of reef fish and relate these to changes in habitat and fi  changes that have occurred on caribbean coral reefs over the past 30 years.
10190	3	in unicellular microbes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and  crobes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be    growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be discriminated usi
10998	3	in unicellular microbes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and  crobes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be    growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be discriminated usi
14373	2	importance throughout the world and in developing countries in particular. it will also incorp   devices that would greatly enhance the data collection capacity, its interactivity and ease an
12291	5	nge. in the last 30 years, agricultural weed control has been dominated by the use of herbicide  ective of this research is to develop a computer model that will predict the impacts of changes   development of herbicide resistance. a key element of these changes will be to incorporate mor   more cultural, physical and biological weed control options. this modelling-based project will  ticular, the development of alternative weed control strategies will require research to better
10840	1	can be used to reconstruct phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a levels using a range
15438	1	ng multifactor interactions influencing ecosystem structure and functioning is critical to unde
13794	2	ndscape analyze of ecosystem services , trade-offs between bundles of services, multifunctional   in addition to work within my previous case study in southern madagascar, i have also initiate
7485	1	. technical and operational failures of fish farming technology cause escapes. cages break down
14109	11	drastic changes in landscape structure during the last   f plant populations causing the loss of genetic variation through reduced gene flow, higher inb  ss of genetic variation through reduced gene flow, higher inbreeding and random genetic drifts,  gene flow, higher inbreeding and random genetic drifts, which decrease species fitness and incr  elements are expected to counteract the negative effects of fragmentation. the role of such ele  ion. the role of such elements enabling gene flow and thus supporting plant genetic diversity i  ing gene flow and thus supporting plant genetic diversity is largely unknown. sowing of commerc  equences of this measure on the natural gene pool have received no attention so far. the aims o   sowing commercial seed mixtures on the genetic diversity and fitness of natural plant populati  he effect of landscape structure on the gene flow. using artificial dye to mimic pollen, i will  c pollen, i will study how effective is gene flow by pollen and whether it is influenced by hab
12168	2	binations of options promoting farmland bird populations, the extent to which these are influen  population recovery for a number of key bird species.
12550	1	use of antibiotics to achieve improved disease control of efb. shook swarm involves transferri
10865	1	to be tested are not too ambitions for doctoral research, given our supervisory track-record,
14816	1	ive models of future distributions in a climate change scenario. we will also extract the perti
11012	2	s, either separately, or in response to one another. for example, changes in temperature or hab  es of hosts and pathogens to coexist. a wide range of economically important plants vary in eit
11524	2	s, either separately, or in response to one another. for example, changes in temperature or hab  es of hosts and pathogens to coexist. a wide range of economically important plants vary in eit
12171	6	a wealth of evidence suggests that set-aside has had benefits for farmland biodiversity, p  cent studies suggests that, on average, set-aside can support 6-8 times higher densities of key  her densities of key declining farmland bird species in summer and over 50 times higher densiti  dge mitigation measures for the loss of set-aside. the results will help policy-makers to asses  easures to mitigate against the loss of set-aside by providing a strong evidence base for the i  his habitat change on the behaviour and population trends of farmland birds. they will also pro
10311	6	ate of the region. this is because most climate models predict an increase in dry season intens  t climate models predict an increase in dry season intensity, and all an increase in temperatur   the coming century as a consequence of global climate change. whether or not long-term climate  ming century as a consequence of global climate change. whether or not long-term climate change  limate change. whether or not long-term climate change is already involved the current event ca   can help us evaluate how humid forest, deciduous forests and savanna ecosystems and species re
2182	1	is the only norwegian territory in the northern hemisphere which is not included. an update of
10858	1	me of the most basic information on the life history of this species, information that may be v
10067	5	proliferative kidney disease and will significantly contribute to fun  dly during research with case partners, fish farm partners and academic institutes. drivers for  nderstanding is crucial for identifying risk factors associated with disease outbreaks and the   dentifying risk factors associated with disease outbreaks and the susceptibility of wild fish p  onid fish and the many pressures facing brown trout populations, monitoring fish health in the
10156	11	se studies and, indeed, the majority of disease control programmes of humans and domestic anima  isease control programmes of humans and domestic animals tend to consider individual infections  on for shared resources . in this case, immune responses raised against one parasite may also a  sign of truly effective and sustainable disease control programs. if control approaches only co  . putting all these interactions into a mathematical model will allow us to predict how such pa  e a vital tool for developing long-term disease control strategies in other host species, such    in other host species, such as humans, domestic animals or wildlife threatened to extinction b  or wildlife threatened to extinction by infectious diseases. it is gradually being realised tha  sed that parasite co-infections play an important role in the occurrence and management of many   the increasing concerns about emerging infectious diseases around the globe, it has never been  ce, and control. this project will be a major step in that direction.
11676	11	se studies and, indeed, the majority of disease control programmes of humans and domestic anima  isease control programmes of humans and domestic animals tend to consider individual infections  on for shared resources . in this case, immune responses raised against one parasite may also a  sign of truly effective and sustainable disease control programs. if control approaches only co  . putting all these interactions into a mathematical model will allow us to predict how such pa  e a vital tool for developing long-term disease control strategies in other host species, such    in other host species, such as humans, domestic animals or wildlife threatened to extinction b  or wildlife threatened to extinction by infectious diseases. it is gradually being realised tha  sed that parasite co-infections play an important role in the occurrence and management of many   the increasing concerns about emerging infectious diseases around the globe, it has never been  ce, and control. this project will be a major step in that direction.
12341	2	summary objective: the north-east atlantic stocks of porbeagle and spurdog are  sure that new policies are founded on a good understanding of the resource and its exploitation
12615	10	england has a substantial legacy of chemical contaminants in soil, mainly resulting from in  aminants in soil, mainly resulting from industrial pollution. government has a wide range of po   industrial pollution. government has a wide range of policies specifically designed to prevent  hat it has the potential to cause harm. government policy is clear that the risks need to be ad  ntaminants specified as limit values in planning permission conditions and associated use of la  t such information. it may be that some local authority contaminated land officers collect some  r statutory duties under part 2a of the environmental protection act 1990, e.g. where sites whi   a phased approach will be taken to the data collection exercise. firstly, a pilot study will b  he data collection exercise. firstly, a pilot study will be undertaken to establish the feasibi  cy to date which can in turn inform the policy making of the future.
10992	1	rsity and the impact of factors such as climate change, this project aims to provide a small-sc
11214	3	ntial reasons for this include changing circulation patterns and/or changes in the abundance an  oductivity to reconstruct phytoplankton production rates, from space. production rates estimate  oplankton production rates, from space. production rates estimated from space will then need to
11754	2	fish stocks, we need to understand the population dynamics and productivity of the zooplankton  ne these relationships using animals in laboratory culture under different conditions. we will
419	3	ears to be one of the most sensitive to climate change. the potential impacts of these changes   f many ecosystems and species. a strong research effort to determine the past and coming effect  by generating consequences on dependant human activities. it will then become possible to propo
7136	2	be one of the most sensitive regions to climate change. the potential impacts of this change co  s generating an impact on the dependent human activities. it will then be possible to propose a
12272	18	to inform government policy at national and european scales, defr  s that influence the sustainability and environmental impacts of arable crop production. this p  ity and environmental impacts of arable crop production. this project will maintain consistency  f surveillance of diseases and pests in winter wheat and winter oilseed rape and cabbage stem w  es and pests in winter wheat and winter oilseed rape and cabbage stem weevil. a final assessmen  em weevil. a final assessment will then take place on all crops at pod ripening to measure stem   a questionnaire will be used to obtain specific details of agronomic practice. additional inve  rain. the datasets generated from these annual surveys now provide defra with statistically sou  n and flexibility necessary to inform a wide range of policy questions now and for the future.   istically robust source of evidence for policy making which aims to mitigate the impacts of cro   key resource for monitoring impacts of climate change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator  ecting future availability of pesticide active ingredients, to production of wheat in this coun  continue existing collaborations with a wide range of defra and levy funded research and indust  acts of issues including food security, climate change, environmental protection, uk and eu gov  ncluding food security, climate change, environmental protection, uk and eu government policy,   ge, environmental protection, uk and eu government policy, varietal resistance, pathogen resist  d management and economics on wheat and oilseed rape production. samples or data will also be p  o be provided to support monitoring for food safety, development and validation of models for d
7457	9	as the evidence for human induced climate change becomes clearer, so too does the realiza  mpacts on natural environment and socio-economic systems. some regions are more vulnerable than  on the quantity and quality of water in mountain regions. modeling techniques will be used to p  various time and space scales. regional climate models will provide the essential information o   incidence of extreme events in various catchment areas. environmental and socio-economic respo   be devoted to the interactions between land use/land cover changes, and changing or conflictin  s. specific environmental conditions of mountain regions will be particularly affected by rapid  n regions whose economic conditions and political structures may compromise capacities to respo  uch as the andes and central asia where complex problems resulting from asymmetric power relati
12295	19	low defra to improve their responses on land use issues in england. the project will provide a   rovide a readily available resource for decision makers to assess the most sustainable options   assess the most sustainable options for land use. the project aims are: 1. identify sources of   roject aims are: 1. identify sources of land use typology data for england. 2. create a databas  ase of metadata for the key features of land use typology datasets, including searchable key wo  typology datasets, including searchable key words or tags and links to other datasets or policy  posed by inclusion of each dataset in a land use framework. 4. assess existing activities curre  cal barriers to synthesis of comparable land use datasets into one map. 6. recommend future wor   that could aid in the development of a land use framework. such suggested future work could in  d include the creation of a synthesised land use typology into a single classification scheme.   ing of the distribution and patterns of land use at a meaningful level for policy making. durin  s of land use at a meaningful level for policy making. during the project a desk-based assessme  based assessment of existing sources of land use data will be undertaken, and the results of th  ill focus on the geographic elements of land use data. where the resolution of the data is deem  ecognised as not sufficiently useful to decision makers this will also be recorded. additionall  onally, perceived gaps in the domain of land use data will be noted. the first stages of the pr   are to discuss the potential form of a land use framework, to address the function of such a f  ; • land with designated status – aonbs/national parks/nature designations analysis will be per   defra taking each dataset forward in a land use framework. recommendations will be made for ad
14981	1	it is well known that human activities impact structural elements, both bioti
14979	1	it is well known that human activities impact structural elements, both bioti
14980	1	it is well known that human activities impact structural elements, both bioti
14978	1	it is well known that human activities impact structural elements, both bioti
7191	2	mpas review of marine reserves governance implications of large scale   ications of large scale in national and international waters. we will apply these methods in th
12641	1	identify the social, environmental and economic benefits and costs of alternative options for
12252	5	tion without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. the environ  d out in the environment itself causing point source and diffuse pollution and impacting on hab  will be undertaken to identify the main scientific evidence base on which the comparison work w  e based. the causal mechanisms by which different approaches can influence environmental outcom   this will help inform defra policy and public debate about sustainable farming. the innovative
14674	1	the region guarantee the success of the research project proposed.
12153	10	aging flocks of sheep on large areas of common land and communal grazing. initially, sheep had   ool self contained flocks are required. anecdotal evidence suggests that hefting can increase b  sonal preferences for grazing different plant communities. variation in the spatial distributio  rs of the delivery team and some of the anecdotal evidence. the latter will be addressed by pre  l be addressed by preparing a number of case studies looking at examples of hefting in differen  of additional management practices. the case studies will include some basic costings which cou  s which could subsequently be used as a bench mark for the practise. the resulting report will   ariations and quantify any positive and negative effects of hefting on livestock performance, a  ts of hefting on livestock performance, animal welfare, farm economics, environmental impact an  rmance, animal welfare, farm economics, environmental impact and landscape. the potential impac
12646	1	ce, and hence the effectiveness, of the environmental protection , through an assessment of wil
15465	4	high interaction of these species with human activities. at present, foraging and feeding data  meters for blood and skin of a group of bottlenose dolphins kept in captivity in the loro parqu  nformation on fractionation factors and turnover rates of the tissues that will be analyzed is    indicators of changes occurring in the marine environment.
7667	2	for several decades, research teams have been interested in the impacts of h   have been interested in the impacts of human activities on function of the ecosystems, and mor
13778	2	s of predation by gelatinous species in coastal waters. the target area will be the gullmar fjo  latinous species in coastal waters. the target area will be the gullmar fjord, west coast of sw
12371	1	am managing and co-ordinating an annual research budget of c. £5m and about 100 projects. as we
7619	6	s using the plant for the management of soil erosion. the french association of biological engi  soil erosion. the french association of biological engineering for the management of soil erosi  gical engineering for the management of soil erosion. french position this association with a e  g the french experience in the field of biological engineering in other countries, the other to  es, the other to pool the knowledge and know-how various countries to a more universal use of p   plant technology for the management of soil erosion
7426	1	ble are partial and often circumvented. chemical control is fragile. in 2009, new populations r
13941	7	sing assortative mating in the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis , an important insect pes  borer ostrinia nubilalis , an important insect pest of agricultural significance over much of t  icultural significance over much of the northern hemisphere. our aim is to set the scene for su  hagous and thrives on a large number of host plants. at the same time its sex pheromone system   ptance of courting males and thus limit gene flow between the races. we will identify these mal  be investigated in both male and female corn borers by means of microarray techniques. finally,  ce, clone, and functionally express the fatty acid reductase gene previously demonstrated to ac
14699	3	c features and their high dependence to host plants make them an excellent indicators for envir  to higher relevance alterations such as global warming. nevertheless, no systematic compilation  ves of this project are: - to produce a data base with the bibliography references and also the
6757	2	the so-called global regulators play an important role in bacterial gene expression. they simul  ors play an important role in bacterial gene expression. they simultaneously regulate the expre
10191	2	s are provided with a highly nutritious food source. whatever the reasons it is obvious that th  matically affected. this project is the first step in attempting to understand and explain inte
11040	2	ater vehicles or robots . indeed in the long term these technologies will benefit almost anyone  urements that tell us about the rate of climate change and its effects. our work will increase
10002	11	life is challenging, especially in the deep sea where high pressure and other logistical chall  challenges limit data availability to a tiny fraction of what is available for other systems. m  w shown that even larger animals in the deep sea can vary in density by orders of magnitude, wi  ude, with concurrent changes in average body size, over periods as short as months. these varia  nked to climate-driven variation in the food supply to the deep sea. similarly, biogeography st  ven variation in the food supply to the deep sea. similarly, biogeography studies have found th  g 100 km or more, the abundance of deep-sea life is related to surface productivity in the wate  ductivity in the waters above. thus the deep sea could be readily impacted by processes that al  hat alter surface ocean conditions like climate change, fishery activity, or ocean iron fertili  is will show how factors such as hills, food supply, or community composition relate spatially   t into how spatially pervasive temporal climate change impacts might be, a significant input fo
13501	1	food plants are competitively dominant. conceptual models predict a reversal of grazing effects
12608	5	this research project is one of a number under defras ‘partn   of 90% for the total soil improver and growing media market to be peat-free by 2010 and is als  , particularly for use in horticultural growing media. the current main alternatives to peat ar  lternatives to peat are timber industry by-products, coconut-fibre dust and will involve interv  d will involve interviews with the main growing media manufacturers in the uk and also key supp
2121	4	two approaches, analysis of demographic time series, and interspecific comparisons of manipulat   analysis paths will utilise exhaustive data bases that have been assembled in pre-projects. th  re-projects. the first dataset contains time series derived from long-term studies of demograph  cts of climate, geography, taxonomy and life history.
10285	4	one of the most important issues in climate policy over the next few ye  e the choice of appropriate targets for emission reductions to play a major role in climate mit  rize winning intergovernmental panel on climate change. it will be accompanied by a 2-way inter  ans and outputs. members of the ukcip08 user group will also be consulted. information will be
14784	3	high rate of mineralization of the soil organic matter, with the consequent decrease of the soi  he quantity and the quality of the soil organic matter, as well as of the soil biochemical acti   on physical, chemical, biochemical and biological characteristics of soil, and the relation wi
11743	1	ifferent aphid species sharing the same host plant or parasitoid is predicted to be more simila
14511	1	this project studies the bacterial diseases of wild eel populations as well as t
12463	1	r purpose: in the eu there is intensive data collection of bycatch and discard onboard commerci
15153	2	been incorporated to the mainstream of plant community ecology in the last decades, and since   nce then they are receiving substantial research effort, especially in stressful abiotic enviro
400	1	to the unique diversity from fisheries, climate changes, aquaculture activities and habitat los
14113	1	mental awareness and involvement of the general public, to improve the dialogue between researc
15214	1	imultaneously, we shall reconstruct the evolutionary history of the selected group by including
7572	2	at some contact areas. from building a genetic map and a qtl analysis, we propose to look for   de on a model species for understanding evolutionary processes responsible for biodiversity
14482	1	finally, it is expected to calibrate a molecular clock and to date the main cladogenetic event
6872	4	been started recently, to discover new chemical compounds and biological activities. from the    to discover new chemical compounds and biological activities. from the other hand the lack of   w chemotypes, isolate compounds of high biological activity, to work out new methods of isolati  mpounds of high biological activity, to work out new methods of isolation as well as to know mu
12595	4	this research project will provide a clearer understanding o  ticulture. the governments biodiversity action plan . the lowland raised bog hap has a target t  rvices such as carbon capture and other government requirements such as duties under the eus la   also important to understand that each peat bog is part of a national series, those in the nor
10461	2	in order to estimate the survival rates of wild animals, data are collected from  to use the data to estimate the desired survival rates. to date the main statistical methods us
10281	3	the coastal zone are increasing due to global warming, with sea-level expected to rise by 0.5    by 0.5 m over the next century. rising sea levels combined with increased storminess is expect   to experts around the world at a major international conference in japan.
6753	3	eef breeds were imported. the number of beef cattle increased, attained 100.000 cows in the ear  e european community. when eu member is beef cattle breeding will get into better position amon   of agriculture. for the development of beef cattle breeding methods research have to be contin
15563	4	licy paper as well as interdisciplinary scientific publications. above that, the overall goal o  ve scientific advances in the following research fields: the ecology of beech forests and their  ope, and valuation and marketing of the environmental services beech forests can provide. the r  forests and associated biodiversity for future generations.
13482	4	ontribute to the energy flow in pelagic food webs and to the downward flux of organic matter. b  c food webs and to the downward flux of organic matter. behavior and sensory functions of zoopl  ombining small-scale process-models and dynamic programming we will explore optimal behavioral    resources wisely while confronted with climate change and increased maritime activities.
15487	1	urvival as fitness estimates in several bird species.
10599	5	earing their brood. they are found in a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insect  wn offspring. this results in a classic arms race where the host is trying to detect and destro  ant is not yet known, since there are a wide range of chemicals on the eggs surface of which on  th this communication system gives us a unique opportunity to study the chemical communication   e cuckoos have learnt exploit the hosts weak point by either copying the important egg recognit
9972	5	earing their brood. they are found in a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insect  wn offspring. this results in a classic arms race where the host is trying to detect and destro  ant is not yet known, since there are a wide range of chemicals on the eggs surface of which on  th this communication system gives us a unique opportunity to study the chemical communication   e cuckoos have learnt exploit the hosts weak point by either copying the important egg recognit
2053	2	apair. the bluethroat is one of the few bird species in the world in which a genetic benefit to  be examine d for mhc genes that play an important role in the immune defense against pathogens.
14152	1	project can be of general interest for evolutionary biologists, explaining the mechanisms of d
13503	2	onnections between these behaviours and growth rates in a common environment, and physiological  reasing interest as a novel species for fish farming. performance in culture is assumed to be c
11602	2	top predator of the southern ocean, the king penguin. the study will bring together the experti  d to assess the potential usefulness of king penguins as indicators of fluctuations in biologic
14717	1	on of recent evolutionary events, where evolutionary processes can be detected more clearly, we
14974	1	threats such as habitat destruction or climate change. using this two-level approach, we hope
14278	1	earch institutions. * promoting belgian biodiversity research at international fora.
14304	2	research project in the framework of the 'second mu  ientific support plan for a sustainable development policy ' spsd ii ' part 3: supporti
2212	2	ck uncertainty, taking into account the physical characteristics of specific resources. • scrut  different property right regimes affect social costs and benefits, and how optimal and or cost
11319	6	sity and are ecological hotspots in the deep ocean but their inaccessibility poses major challe   conspicuous sampling gaps of which the equatorial regions and most of the indian ocean are the  e swir in which no bottom trawling will take place: three of these are within the proposed stud  area. this is an unprecedented event in international waters and presents a unique opportunity    in international waters and presents a unique opportunity to study the effectiveness of bpas i  ng deep-sea habitats and species in the high seas. detailed information on fishing effort at th
11320	6	sity and are ecological hotspots in the deep ocean but their inaccessibility poses major challe   conspicuous sampling gaps of which the equatorial regions and most of the indian ocean are the  e swir in which no bottom trawling will take place: three of these are within the proposed stud  area. this is an unprecedented event in international waters and presents a unique opportunity    in international waters and presents a unique opportunity to study the effectiveness of bpas i  ng deep-sea habitats and species in the high seas. detailed information on fishing effort at th
11585	6	sity and are ecological hotspots in the deep ocean but their inaccessibility poses major challe   conspicuous sampling gaps of which the equatorial regions and most of the indian ocean are the  e swir in which no bottom trawling will take place: three of these are within the proposed stud  area. this is an unprecedented event in international waters and presents a unique opportunity    in international waters and presents a unique opportunity to study the effectiveness of bpas i  ng deep-sea habitats and species in the high seas. detailed information on fishing effort at th
10200	1	ovide a proxy for the oxygen content of deep water. this study will serve as a baseline for und
2476	7	the project synthesizes and integrates research data produced in recent years as a basis for t  tion and further development of benthic indicator organisms for the monitoring of contaminants    endpoints and contaminants in selected indicator organisms. a secondary objective will be to e  ffects for pahs in selected indicators. biodiversity indicators will be developed by applying a  tablish a baseline that is unrelated to petroleum industry activities. these results will serve  g climate-related ecosystem changes and petroleum industry activities in the region for the com  several on-going and recently completed research projects on the barents sea ecosystem which ar
10744	1	c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will
11255	1	c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will
11259	1	c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will
11356	1	c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will
12606	3	research on practices for managing soil organic matter and lowland' agriculture in england, tak  type, agricultural systems and cropping/land use. any potential negative environmental and econ  velopes of normality for different soil/land use and rainfall areas. as well as identifying bes
10988	2	directive the thames region held on an open access web portal. the web portal will also provid  tween the ea, stakeholders and the nerc scientific community.
14297	2	part of the north sea consists, for the vast majority, of soft bottoms. exceptions are man-made  sing sampling devices operated from the sea surface, such as trawls, box cores and van veen gra
11595	7	teria evolve resistance to antibiotics; industrial pollution led to the evolution of dark forms  d to the evolution of dark forms of the peppered moth. however, in natural systems, evolution i  volution would be rapid where there was mutual antagonism . hosts evolve to resist infection by  genes rarely examined to date: parasite virulence genes evolve rapidly because parasites occasi  tes into humans about 70 years ago, and swine flu and avian flu have raised our awareness of ne  this is accompanied by a bout of strong natural selection that may explain why parasite virulen  selection that may explain why parasite virulence genes evolve rapidly. in this project, we wil
14285	1	contextcurrent research programmes in antarctic biology focussed in pa
7260	2	yzes the effects of the exploitation of marine ecosystem goods and services that biodiversity p  elops a dynamic multi-agent model using game theory and viable control theory. it offers an emp
14997	1	we will perform a molecular genetic analysis of phlebotomus ariasi species, studyin
14996	8	leishmaniosis transmited by the bite of sand flies. few data are available concernig the distri  nig the distribution and bio-ecology of sand flies in the balearic islands. the few data existi  f this heterogenous distribution is the sand fly fauna. the probability of the lesihmaniosis tr  imatic factors. the temperature and the relative humidity are the climatic factors that affect   ffect principally in the biology of the sand flies. on the other hand, it has been predicted th  latitude as in altitude, reason why the sand flies could be seen affected by this phenomenon. f  ity, survival, infestation ratio of the sand flies in relation to the climatic and environmenta  , survival, parasitism by leishmania of sand flies, together with the environmental data, will
2472	2	tem services and economically efficient food production at the farm and landscape level. we wil  the farm and landscape scale, analyzing trade-offs and synergies between functions. third, usin
7249	3	temporal variability of contamination, invasive species now widely present in temperate aquati   metropolitan territory: reflections of urban development in ile de france network of r2ds. sis  ssessment of chemical contamination and biological response of the ecosystem adapted to high an
15342	1	gical groups. the study objects are the dung beetles , thanks to the examination of bioacustica
14200	2	sed to evaluate the effect of dissolved organic matter on toxicity of contaminants. this invest  give the scientific basis for realistic risk assessment of hazards of chemicals for aquatic eco
15347	1	re open and light penetrates inside the burial place, with high humidity along the year, an abu
12044	2	this research project aims to understand the consequences th  able to biodiversity at the species and community levels; the processes that underlie these lan
12015	10	ognise the value of local knowledge and know-how, in order to strengthen the bonds between loca  bilities and promising perspectives for local specialities, despite poor knowledge of legal and  es, despite poor knowledge of legal and regulatory requirements and the inherent risks of trans  oduction and specialities to spur local economic development; taking local production and speci  on social and ecological processes, the research teams have been able to highlight and discuss   chers also contributed to discussion of intellectual property rights in the context of protecti  ntributed to discussion of intellectual property rights in the context of protecting local reso  ntext of protecting local resources and know-how. they made recommendations for adapting these   vation features and challenges. all the research teams worked more or less closely on setting u  ch teams worked more or less closely on setting up local and national systems.
13335	6	y biodiversity issues. by networking 21 funding agencies from 15 countries, biodiversa2 aims to  biodiversa2 will promote a strategy for biodiversity research, in partnership with other player  e funding opportunity for transnational biodiversity research projects -play an active role in   ortunity for transnational biodiversity research projects -play an active role in the processes  nable, independent funding platform for biodiversity research the project has 6 workpackages. w  stainable funding platform for european biodiversity research, which will be fostered by wp4. w
13312	14	net involving 15 countries and 19 major research funding agencies in europe with significant re  ving 15 countries and 19 major research funding agencies in europe with significant research fu  ing agencies in europe with significant research funding in the field of terrestrial, freshwate  and recommend requirements for european biodiversity research: including the convention for bio  ies, priorities and budgets of national research funding agencies. the aim of biodiversa is to   rities and budgets of national research funding agencies. the aim of biodiversa is to contribut  e aim of biodiversa is to contribute to setting up such a mechanism, and its objective for the   -operation in the field of biodiversity.research funding. with the aim of contributing to the i  ity strategy, biodiversa will allow the funding agencies to collate existing activities, compar  th developing vountries in the field of biodiversity research funding. in order to achieve this   vountries in the field of biodiversity research funding. in order to achieve this, biodiversa   tory, description and classification of biodiversity research programmes and reserach funding p  tion and classification of biodiversity research programmes and reserach funding programmes of   era-net members funding programmes with developing countries; -identification of best practices
2492	2	bitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 years. this will allo  empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and impr
2493	6	uch as voles and lemmings with cyclical population dynamics has taken place nearly simultaneous  e suspected to originate from change in land use and climate, have the potential to lead to eco   transmitted to other components of the food web owing to cascading indirect effects. along wit   theoretical interest in population and food web ecology, a main objective of this project is t  this project is to tackle the corollary conservation issues. this european collaborative projec  directly influence other species in the food web through cascading effects. within the last wor
12676	3	rsa are to improve the co-ordination of biodiversity research between member states, to share b  gnificant potential for defra to obtain added value for any defra funds contributed to the comm  biodiversity at population, species and community level in europe and provide wide access to th
7104	6	to partition the space by intensifying agricultural production on part of the territory so as   ty in france and is often advocated for developing countries. we find the spirit in devices suc  nsidered in the banal spaces, since the environmental protection strategies compete with other   rotection strategies compete with other land uses socially important. the debate focuses so oft  mpact on the natural environment versus environmental protection hampers economic and social de  cultural professional organizations and state services, tools applied products, we want tailore
516	6	area through an intensification of the agricultural production on a part of the territory so a  he eighties and is often recommended in developing countries. one finds the approach in devices  dered in ordinary areas, as soon as the environmental protection strategies enter into competit  of energy or the acknowledgement of the greenhouse effect. within the context of french mediter  e pre-urbanization development plays an important role in reducing progressively the areas avai  groups of species having a particularly important role in the functioning of ecosystems or agro
11505	3	in and diversity. the conservation of a wide range of domesticated crops and landraces ecosyste   stability and resilience 2. results of trade-off modeling and biosocial assessment of conserva   beyond the watershed intensified, with fair trade and value-added strategies adopted by value-
10877	1	important findings are taken up by key decision makers
11234	2	e working, stakeholder engagement and a wide range of outputs pitched at policy as well as scie  derstanding of household decisions over land use. the best partnership combines in depth experi
10724	1	recent advances in molecular biology techniques and analyses have greatly
451	4	to study the biodiversity of maldivian coral reefs in liaison with local partners. the study w   will be conducted from 4 different yet complementary angles: inventories, biogeography, preser  rine species in the maldives - with the fishing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being mo  he fishing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being more and more developed, what is the st
14677	1	termine the diversity, distribution and space-time structure as well as the functional stabilit
11774	1	pecifically on the potential impacts of climate change, which has been identified as a major st
7216	4	combination of field data, analyzes of population dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will   of population dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will help to clarify the operation of re  ar institute and the national museum of natural history of paris, and will bring together frenc  ect. the final restitution seminar will take place in madagascar
531	1	our research project aims to provide reflections on the int
7118	1	our research project is to provide food for thought on the
14418	5	t additions to our limited knowledge of insect pest pathogens in bulgaria and sets the stage fo  es for the biological protection of our forest ecosystems. the main goals of the proposed proje  entomopathogens will be conducted using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and cytological   ll be conducted using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and cytological and molecular meth  sed systematic investigations of forest insect pest pathogens are expected to: • record new pat
14846	4	also seem to be an important source of organic carbon in the sediments of aquatic systems. the  diments. the proposed research requires different approaches using several molecular high-resol  le cells and stable isotopic probing on nucleic acids. we will also combine this methodologies   our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes that have spread crenarchaeota f
14845	4	also seem to be an important source of organic carbon in the sediments of aquatic systems. the  diments. the proposed research requires different approaches using several molecular high-resol  le cells and stable isotopic probing on nucleic acids. we will also combine this methodologies   our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes that have spread crenarchaeota f
14804	3	ever, recent advances in microscopy and molecular biology have made it possible to examine such  unities in situ and without the bias of laboratory cultures. this proposal deals with the chara  s needed a clearer understanding of the microbial diversity of these ecosystems. the aim is not
409	5	the set-aside of forestland for biodiversity purposes is ma  scales, from single trees to very large nature reserves. the goal of the project is to identify   context, the biodiversity level of non set-aside forest . we use different analytical tools, m  y *reserve selection methods* including linear programming algorithms, and quotients between bi  uotients between biodiversity value and economic cost. the spatial and temporal dynamic aspects
11514	3	the effects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a tractable model system-ti  nment by using a tractable model system-tide pools on rocky shores. these pools act as natural   derstanding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.
9925	3	the effects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a tractable model system-ti  nment by using a tractable model system-tide pools on rocky shores. these pools act as natural   derstanding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.
1977	4	lophelia pertusa and madrepora oculata deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will   ertusa and madrepora oculata deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will show, wheth  ta deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will show, whether this mystery can be exp  l frameworks, community respiration and organic matter remineralization. the potential link bet
6891	1	collaboration between leading hungarian research centers of botany, zoology, soil science, and
11310	1	uences, we will also construct a better evolutionary tree independent of that from ribosomal rn
15337	7	maviruses are dsdna viruses that infect stratified epithelia in vertebrates. they are causative  in and in mucosa, such as cutaneous and genital warts, laryngeal papillomas, basocellular carci  ransmitted by arthorpods as vectors. in endangered species pv infection has ecological and cons  till based on assumptions without solid scientific evidence, e.g. species specificity, virus-ho  t organisms, with potentially different biological properties that might not be directly extrap   of already ongoing collaborations with zoological gardens and veterinarians in germany, spain,  w animal pvs. using this information as starting point we will perform phylogenetic, biogeograp
7021	1	osal, only rather limited supplementary field work will be necessary. biostratigraphical data f
14795	3	e used to analyse the proportion of the nitrogen oxides gases, including n2, being released int  nally biologically active areas. doñana national park is one of the largest and most importants  ction area for wild birds. however, the microbial life in its soil is perfectly unknown. all th
12518	1	ss of the beneficial effects of organic farming practices on biodiversity and environment recom
13729	3	to socio-economic processes driving how natural resources are managed. biodiversity is viewed a  anaged. biodiversity is viewed as a key natural resource for maintaining ecosystem functioning   te to the resilience of ecosystems. the specific goals are: * to examine how biodiversity contr
13947	2	destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats is predicted to cause unprecedented ra  unity viability analysis that generates risk assessments: the probability that the number of sp
14186	2	about selection mechanism occurring in microbial population of sourdoughs during continuous pr  lishment, biodiversity and stability of lactic acid bacteria and yeast population of sourdoughs
520	2	area. it also has for goal to analyze a development project in favour of biodiversity on an aoc   of an observatory that will enable the follow-up of the project and the evaluation of the impl
7108	1	ne territory. it also aims to analyze a development project in favor of biodiversity at the sca
521	1	the main objective of our research programme is to contribute to the study of the
7674	5	protected areas is linked to ecological trade-offs between various components of this diversity  relative perception by stakeholders and decision makers, and the effectiveness of the managemen  fectiveness of the management over long time scale . in this project we will simulate elephant   eir effects on tree diversity in hwange national park and integrated with models of elephant sp  urring and pumping sustainable over the long run. initial results will be presented in a worksh
7109	2	the main objective of our research program is to contribute to the study of the p  ew register of justification set around conservation issues and biodiversity valuation in the f
14114	1	anges in space and time by the detailed case study of one group of abundant and widespread mari
437	1	ons: . the history of the spread of the house mouse in the mediterranean basin has been elucida
442	1	the research programme focused on the effect of landscape s
13942	5	this experimental study concerns the importance of biodivers  ntal ecological processes on earth, the break-down of phytodetritus throgh deposit-feeding anim  on increases with increasing species or functional group diversity. 2. a more diverse community  otential to transfer more carbon up the food chain. 3. a more diverse community buries more org  3. a more diverse community buries more organic matter deeper in the sediment. 4. nodularin and
7567	1	nter- and intra-species diversity using molecular biology tools adapted but also the correlativ
7283	3	european and french, science and public decision making biodiversity the project proposes to in  e weight of the studies produced by the civil society, normativity scientific evidence. convinc  duced by the civil society, normativity scientific evidence. convinced of the relevance of lega
2051	2	easonably representative of the coastal marine environment . through this cooperation the proje   project will be able to develop a full statistical model for biodiversity without losing biolo
463	1	ty in the western indian ocean, using a wide range of data sources, having as objective to char
7281	1	e biodiversity areas, questioning their legal status and analyzes the motivations of various ac
14821	2	l biodiversity in the marjal pego-oliva natural park, as a first step to evaluating the water q  he marjal pego-oliva natural park, as a first step to evaluating the water quality and the leve
456	4	in addition to the inventory mission, a follow-up of the inventory of estuarial post-larva in t   combination of field data, analysis of population dynamics and the large-scale satellite sensi  e of toliara and the national museum of natural history in paris, and will link teams that are   . the seminar of final restitution will take place in madagascar.
7262	2	anisms associated with sunken wood deep marine environment has always been perceived as a zoolo  ose other reducing environments such as hydrothermal vents, cold seeps. the objective of the pr
9933	2	odiversity reduction caused by regional air pollution was actually occurring. stevens et al. pr   leading ecologists, biogeochemists and atmospheric chemists to develop and extend this approac
7467	1	ed and easily accessible to scientists, policy makers and planners such an integrated and acces
2137	6	the impacts of pronounced climate change are now apparent at various sites in the  ental understanding of norways northern marine ecosystems and their responsiveness to environme  with variables such as productivity and sea surface temperature for which a strong gradient is   st-doctoral fellowship grant to conduct fundamental research on marine benthos with a focus on   retical framework of the impacts of the global warming on the soft-bottom marine biodiversity i  om marine biodiversity in the norwegian continental shelf.
474	9	biomarks integrates 8 eu research institutes and 30 eu experts in eukaryotic mic  yotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biol  arine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biology, bioinformatics, as well as marine ec  nd for evaluation of its ecological and economic cost. the biomarks database will become the la  omarks database will become the largest world community resource on marine unicellular eukaryot  fusion of its data and new methods to a wide range of stakeholders and for scientific and publi   of stakeholders and for scientific and public education. several international research progra  public education. several international research programs on marine biodiversity, major genetic  ty, major genetic databases and protist culture collections, governmental and private agencies
7030	2	fter protargol impregnation, and in the electron microscope. a collaboration with pending frenc  ch and american projects will provide a unique opportunity for a synergistic study, connecting
7583	1	biodiversity toxigenic molds to dry at room temperature in sterile sand. . strains of the coll
7050	1	c size , mainly to finance a postdoc, a graduate student, and a technician.
14419	7	they are primary drivers of the global carbon cycle and they belong to the most valuable micro  . recent studies have demonstrated that flowering plants and insects ecosystems harbor vast unt  y of bulgaria is due to its substantial forest area. pirin, rodopi and central balkan national    area. pirin, rodopi and central balkan national parks are among the largest and most protected  urope. bulgarian parks host 250 endemic flowering plants and 1500 species of insects. these pla  es from these bulgarian ecosystems. the research project will be accomplished in three stages.   f insects and plants samples from three national parks: pirin, rodopi and central balkan. isola
7008	1	en evolved. at least 25% of the world's food crops are contaminated with mycotoxins will provid
7286	2	to their displacement. it thus promote gene flow between fragmented populations and maintain g  een fragmented populations and maintain genetic diversity within them
7153	4	rimarily documented by the exo or endo -skeletal remains of animals from archaeological sites,   icroscopic, molecular and isotopic. ten case studies, mostly original, serve as bases to a synt  uman impact on animal biodiversity in a time scale ranging from century to millennium. these ca  nging from century to millennium. these case studies cover a particularly rich environments tax
7211	5	oject aims to study the biodiversity of coral reefs in the maldives in conjunction with local p  th local partners in four different but complementary angles: inventories, biogeography, conser   maldives • fisheries invertebrates and reef fish being increasingly developed, what is the sta   status of the resource and its habitat critical habitats used during the life cycle of the mai  bitat critical habitats used during the life cycle of the main commercial species are they suff
429	3	in ancient oak forests developped on neutral soils in the lorraine  t the cavity was a pond. throughout the middle ages, tree pollen decreases while the proportion  an in a cultivated context early in the middle ages.
14716	6	anisms could lead to the development of new technologies. the aim of the project is to perform   des and evaluate there efficiency as an alternative technology in the biological control of the  ncy as an alternative technology in the biological control of the lepidoptera spodoptera littor  optera littoralis y meloidogyne spp. in field conditions . the project lies within the national  n the national program of biodiversity, earth sciences and global change in the national subpro  ty contributing to the thematic line of new technologies, development of technologies in the im
2499	4	havet og kysten. we believe there is an urgent need for applied research regarding utilization   plied research regarding utilization of marine ecosystems with emphasis on decision modeling of  fficient management strategies ensuring long term sustainability. due to the level of aggregati  imensional stochastic bioprocesses, and operational research and management science.
10969	4	a significant role in biofouling in the marine environment, and also in the pathogenesis of man  t, and also in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. an understanding of bioflim format  enance of bioflims is regulated by cell-cell signalling processes such as quorum-sensing. there  ree supernatant from cultures of marine bacillus licheniformis strain el-34-6 and b. subtilis s
13336	2	ed and easily accessible to scientists, policy makers and planners such an integrated and acces   biodiversity, and on the other to help policy makers take decisions based on the best availabl
2511	5	biotic metabolic pathways in eukaryotic host cells. in plants, maintenance of the cells metabol  lant. in this respect, the light driven electron transport processes in the chloroplast are ess  entification and characterization of an electron transport chain in etioplasts, and the structu  nctional changes of the plastid and its membrane protein complexes during the biogenesis of pho  a unique biochemical expertise to solve central issues in the biogenesis of photoautotrophy. to
10561	2	ts of the earth s biosphere, cycling of carbon compounds beneath glaciers and ice sheets is poo  f carbon compounds beneath glaciers and ice sheets is poorly understood, since these environmen
15346	2	biogenic volatile organic compounds by using different approaches: from t  nic volatile organic compounds by using different approaches: from the observation and the moni
15436	2	recent warming and variations in atmospheric circulation patterns, particularly the nort  t warming and variations in atmospheric circulation patterns, particularly the north atlantic o
11672	3	l zone contributes significantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the la  n gases, some of which are important in global warming. while a lot of work has been done to me  important processes in several tropical coastal sediments, and the relative importance of the d
11794	3	l zone contributes significantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the la  n gases, some of which are important in global warming. while a lot of work has been done to me  important processes in several tropical coastal sediments, and the relative importance of the d
10920	4	over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u  + years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie   the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large   uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.
11710	4	over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u  + years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie   the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large   uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.
11811	4	over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u  + years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie   the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large   uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.
11812	4	over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u  + years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie   the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large   uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.
9904	4	over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u  + years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie   the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large   uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.
9954	4	over 50+ years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the u  + years of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantitie   the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in terms of total volume, the large   uk in the crucial task of disposing of radioactive wastes.
7273	4	such as the amazon, local migration of freshwater fish are essential for maintaining biodivers  iogeochemical markers non- traditional, high resolution, to trace the movements of fish. our ap  hods icp- ms - and - mc- icp- ms in the growth rings of scales, including life history of fish   n the growth rings of scales, including life history of fish
10398	3	will provide clues to the source of the hot water and hence other potential areas for geotherma  , which could be contribute to the uk s renewable energy portfolio. analysis of hydrogen and ox  ify the source of the deep groundwater, chemical analysis will define the geochemical environme
15206	7	molyticus with pathogenic traits in the marine environment. these data contrast with the low nu   the pathogenic strains detected in the marine environment have no relation with the strains ca  pulations of v. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment of galicia throughout one year. this  ws us to determine the distribution and population dynamics of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus a   v. parahaemolyticus and identifies the environmental factors determining the abundance. in a s  ulation structure and for inferring the genetic changes promoting the adaptation to new environ   strains identified as pathogens in the marine environment could be assessed, allowing for an e
14853	1	ives, and autoecological studies in its natural habitat. however, and as it has been observed,
11782	4	eres play a crucial role in any kind of cell division. they form the points at which the cell s  he cell s machinery attaches to all the genetic material of a cell and organises the equal divi   dna into the next generation of cells. laboratory experiments in the 1980s showed that certain  ations together with a couple of simple laboratory experiments should reveal the causes and con
182	5	bodies and from ectomycorrhizal of the host plants plays a role in plant-fungus compatibility.  ntly sequences from root tips where the host plant is determined. we plan to study the populati  f the dominant taxa of thelephorales in boreal forests. tomentella radiosa and thelephora terre  data. the factors affecting their fruit body type will be studied. we study population genetics  nd the means of dispersal in one of the dominant species, tomentella bryophila or t. stuposa. t
10249	12	e to obtain a missing piece of a global jigsaw puzzle of deep-sea life, thereby advancing our u  piece of a global jigsaw puzzle of deep-sea life, thereby advancing our understanding of the pa  hree decades have found hundreds of new animal species, revolutionised ideas about how ecosyste  s have so far revealed six provinces of animal life at vents, where different species are found  e than others. the swir is an ultraslow-spreading ridge, where there is less volcanic activity   ses with its volcanic activity. at fast-spreading ridges, such as in the eastern pacific, vents  f kilometres apart. on less active slow-spreading ridges, such as the mid-atlantic ridge, vents   and the species that live on ultraslow-spreading ridges are largely unknown, despite such ridg  ding of patterns of biodiversity in the deep ocean. undertaking the first rov dives at a deep-s  es at a deep-sea vent on this ultraslow-spreading ridge will determine whether its fauna differ  s a new province of vent biology in the southern hemisphere. the project will also collect samp  search cruise in the indian ocean, this unique opportunity to extend an existing cruise to visi
14706	1	without fossil record, the geographical history of taxa can onl
14505	3	pecies. if there are major obstacles to gene flow due to the situation on islands, we expect hi   endemic species have a more restricted gene flow than widespread species. to test the hypothes  y than vascular plants, we will apply a molecular clock in order to estimate the time of separa
14601	3	pecies. if there are major obstacles to gene flow due to the situation on islands, we expect hi   endemic species have a more restricted gene flow than widespread species. to test the hypothes  y than vascular plants, we will apply a molecular clock in order to estimate the time of separa
14937	2	orted worldwide due to global trade and climate change. this project will study the biogeograph  a high impact in the fields of ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation biology. in addit
11728	1	rial populations, and for environmental/climate change. this research will develop analytical p
14115	3	roaches. growing disequilibrium between human beings and other species is now increasing becaus  ogical indication methods in remote and urban areas. 3.to use bioindicational methods in evalua  ioindicational methods in evaluation of human activities impact on natural communities and for
15264	3	s and lesions founded are comparable to capture myopathy syndrome in wild terrestrial animals.    study is to reveal more aspects of the capture myopathy based on the active stranded animals a   animals and their interaction with the human beings. we propose specific targets for our study
1101	9	p, ranging from biological databases to mathematical models for phylogenetic studies, from the   , to studies on molecular modeling from protein structure-function studies are coordinated and   loped products are useful for the whole scientific community. the presence in the group of seve  analysis packages; - the development of new technologies for database indexing and compression    of efficient matrices for globular and membrane protein alignment; with respect to implementat  of computational methods for microarray data analysis. wp3. comparative genomics: functional an  me analysis; - evolutionary analysis of mitochondrial genes and genomes for the study of phylog   - large scale modeling of globular and membrane proteins, - multidimensional indexing and prot  operties; - simulation of the classical molecular dynamics of dna-protein complexes; - developm
12036	2	ario of invasion which applies to three invasive species considered: the invasive bridgehead sc  se of introduced populations by purging deleterious mutations.
15074	3	because spain shows one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, the potential impact of i  late to the newborn weight and to other biological characteristics. late maternities, in additi  stics. late maternities, in addition to negative effects such as low weight at delivery and pre
14743	3	invasive species can pose a major threat to the biotic   establishment and eventual expansion of invasive species in aquatic systems are not well unders  the integration of these factors into a risk assessment protocol for use across spain.
15120	6	d structure of the communities, and the food web organization. the high environmental variabili  high environmental variability, such as water level, nutrient or salinity fluctuations, and the  t also indirectly due to changes in the food web organization. the influence of the environment  s and could imply a modification of the predation pressure on the aquatic community. the main o  to analyse the predation effects on the food web functioning in mediterranean water bodies, and  r without predator presence, as well as field studies in sites with high or low predation densi
11185	1	responsible for the measurement of the production rates of dimethylsulphoniopropionate analysi
10129	3	oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and   rm our analysis of the data we get from field measurements. in our analysis we will statistical  piration to climatic change and use our laboratory data to provide mechanistic interpretations
10417	3	oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and   rm our analysis of the data we get from field measurements. in our analysis we will statistical  piration to climatic change and use our laboratory data to provide mechanistic interpretations
11411	3	oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and   rm our analysis of the data we get from field measurements. in our analysis we will statistical  piration to climatic change and use our laboratory data to provide mechanistic interpretations
9891	3	oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and   rm our analysis of the data we get from field measurements. in our analysis we will statistical  piration to climatic change and use our laboratory data to provide mechanistic interpretations
13943	3	al level and the day-to-day practice in local authorities and regional governing bodies. immatu  ctice in local authorities and regional governing bodies. immature intitutional links beween di  nvestigare actors in regional and local governing bodies and their experience of implementing b
14420	6	ificant biological resource and play an important role as a functional component of the river c  lations, environmental dynamics and the human activities on the structure of the aquatic commun  d to define the interrelations with the environmental factors as well. recent information about  nt of the multidisciplinary approach in decision making with a view to support the biodiversity  er intensive anthropogenic pressure and global climate changes.   nsive anthropogenic pressure and global climate changes.
14533	1	in this project, we propose the genetic analysis of two ancient neolithic populations f
12681	4	process for collating and reporting on climate change induced trends in the abundance and dist  and in the extent and condition of semi-natural habitats. the project will report focus on spec  species and habitats most vulnerable to climate change. it will identify, develop and update in  ntify, develop and update indicators of climate change induced trends which will be available o
14703	3	ariations can be accentuated because of climate change effects. discharge changes drive biogeoc  iological processes taking place in the river system, changing their intensity and relevance. i  and inorganic material which enters the river system in the different hydrologic conditions of
2550	6	unique ability to use methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as a sole carbon and energy source. met  nt greenhouse gas, as a sole carbon and energy source. methylacidiphilum kamchatkense, strain k  1, which my lab isolated from an acidic hot spring in kamchatka, russia, will be used as a mode   and proteomics analyses, the effect of environmental factors, such as substrate limitation and  rait and key process in curbing natural greenhouse gas emissions.   y process in curbing natural greenhouse gas emissions.
14702	4	luvial systems and they form the global food web in streams. the trophic structure of fauna, fr  roinvertebrates, has a relevant role in organic matter processing and in biofilm structure. ben  ability and their efficiency depends on organic matter inputs and autochthonous primary product  tted to important fluctuations. dry and flood periods besides changes on light intensity and te
14558	1	tic helminthofauna, potential diet, and health condition of the studied populations. furthermor
14421	10	lora and contribute to minimising their negative effects on the native species and ecosystems.   ms. the following methods will be used: field observation, karyological, molecular, embryologic   of ias, past and current distribution, plant communities susceptible for particular ias, chrom  unities susceptible for particular ias, chromosome numbers, genome size, population genetic str  lowing results will be achieved: 1. gis-distribution maps of the invasive aliens species. 2. be   introduction and spread of the studied invasive species and their impact on the local biodiver   relevant to ias tested 7. draft for an early warning system recommended. 8. a book on the inva  ant to ias tested 7. draft for an early warning system recommended. 8. a book on the invasive a   a book on the invasive and potentially invasive species in the bulgarian flora. 9. a web-site   b-site for the invasive and potentially invasive species in the bulgarian flora. project result
14965	3	we must also consider the existence of gene flow, that could affect the female and/or male lin  ty of recovering and analyzing dna from skeletal remains will contribute unvaluable data to val  lity, will allows to asses the possible gene flow between muslim and peninsular population that
15280	4	ir functions, roles and distribution in inland waters well established. however, knowledge of t  gy and population ecology to understand population dynamics and distributions in natural enviro  e natural frameworks to follow archaeal population dynamics using several molecular and geochem  nctional information from environmental genomic data and linking these data to process rates dr
14575	1	rasitoids and, accordingly, an eventual harmful effect in tangerine production.
13732	2	shorten production cycles and increase food production. however, there is growing concern over  growing concern over the impact escaped growth hormone transgenic fish may have on the natural
15026	2	s. this assay will let to establish the life history and the optima conditions molecular experi   into the international barcode of live data system. the results obtained while the performance
14494	10	l to forget that it seems to approach a climate change that could involve an increase of the su  iculture ones where they are very often dominant species. must point out the interest of the so   fauna study in agrarian systems by its important role in soil fertility, development of organi   role in soil fertility, development of organic fertilizers, improvement of physical and chemic  g a clear option of future. taking as a starting point that earthworms activity modifies physic  ctivity modifies physical, chemical and biological properties of soils, and their activity patt   we try to study the infiltration rate, water retention and loss of soil. on the biological pro  ater retention and loss of soil. on the biological properties the interest will be in the study  nce in h. elisae will be studied as the reproductive cycle of a. caliginosa and a. rosea at el   y to investigate the transformations of organic matter during gut transit and their influences
15564	10	biomarks integrates 8 eu research institutes and 30 eu experts in eukaryotic mic  yotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biol  arine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biology, bioinformatics, as well as marine ec  nd for evaluation of its ecological and economic cost. the biomarks database will become the la  omarks database will become the largest world community resource on marine unicellular eukaryot  fusion of its data and new methods to a wide range of stakeholders and for scientific and publi   of stakeholders and for scientific and public education. several international research progra  public education. several international research programs on marine biodiversity, major genetic  ty, major genetic databases and protist culture collections, governmental and private agencies   iodiversity of marine eukaryotes, and a public exhibition the coevolution of marine protists an
11506	1	nergy makes up 77% of the world primary renewable energy mix - or 10% of the total world energy
11601	6	owledge on how global change, including climate change and human modifications of the earth s s  ridded biomass information suitable for carbon cycle and earth system models does not exist, no  urate and frequently updated mapping of forest area, structure and change needed for biodiversi   and change needed for biodiversity and forest management investigations. this need is urgent a  antify the terrestrial component of the carbon cycle and its links to the water cycle, will pro  f the carbon cycle and its links to the water cycle, will provide information of major importan
11467	4	t time test the feasibility of applying cutting edge micro-helicopter surveillance technology t   research. the surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets in the polar regions support diverse yet poo  ns from individual holes to the glacier/ice sheet scale. highspy, our knowledge transfer partne  rial survey system that will enable the high resolution image capture necessary to achieve this
6917	1	ased on the collection of the hungarian natural history museum budapest and several other large
14901	2	the mollusc shell is a biocomposite of calcium carbonate crystals embedded in an organic matri  stribution of crystallites and of their crystallographic axes, from the very first secretions,
14924	7	although calcium carbonate polymorphism has been extensively stu  rite, the less common and more unstable calcium carbonate polymorph. and the same holds true fo   vaterite. in previous experiments, our research group has demonstrated the biomineralization a  n bacterial metabolisms and the physico-chemical changes in the culture medium that ends up in   and the physico-chemical changes in the culture medium that ends up in vaterite precipitation v  n versus the precipitation of any other calcium carbonate polymorph. moreover, we intend to stu  ed to recognize bacterial activity in a wide range of environments, going from pathological con
10797	3	common in the past in britain. poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors  nges in the environment. there are also interesting questions about the evolution of tb in the   europe. our project partners in arizona state university are doing similar work with bones from
11565	3	common in the past in britain. poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors  nges in the environment. there are also interesting questions about the evolution of tb in the   europe. our project partners in arizona state university are doing similar work with bones from
15087	8	a quantitative risk assessment based only on exposure and toxicity is   all exposure routes are integrated when field studies and biomarkers are employed in higher-tie  ditions are not well known for a lot of animal species. moreover, in the majority of wild bird   cies. moreover, in the majority of wild bird species, firstly raptor, are scarcely or null. thi  this knowledge could allow us to detect early warning for to point towards the cause of a speci  behavioural parameters, clinical signs, population dynamics, etc. long-term studies could not o  pulation management, protected areas or endangered species must be taken. in the third place, t  im of this study is to develop in vitro experimental models using the e-screen assay in order t
7613	4	human activities are generating strong organic pollutio   generating strong organic pollution to environmental impacts. a significant fraction of these   ater and sediment particles or the soil organic matter, and liquid / liquid interfaces formed b  measurements. on the other hand, if the chemical analysis to determine the concentration and co
12048	1	the relationships of the endemism with environmental factors in different groups of organisms
14954	1	the final goal of this project of basic research is to know the mechanisms by which micro
13313	3	biodiversity indicators and monitoring frameworks are c  he recently endorsed set of eu headline biodiversity indicators. a requirement by the eu is to   ity policies as well as the eu headline biodiversity indicators. this tool will be applied for
14331	2	owadays, is today established that tropical forests are disappearing or being degraded at   eforestation. yet, more than just logs, forest ecosystems produce many other services of prime
15126	1	routinely used as bioindicators, their gut flora may be more susceptible to minor changes in p
10618	2	gigantopterid seed plants share important features of leaf morphology   climatic significance. this innovative pilot study will assess if angiosperm-based methodologi
13314	8	t the further development of a european biodiversity research strategy. such research strategy   o develop and continually revise the eu biodiversity research strategy - including the results   ing the results of existing and ongoing biodiversity research projects in the development of th  ts of existing and ongoing biodiversity research projects in the development of the eu biodiver  h projects in the development of the eu biodiversity research strategy. - linking the eu biodiv  ity research strategy. - linking the eu biodiversity research strategy to the national, europea  ncorporating geoss objectives in the eu biodiversity research strategy - linking eu biodiversit  iversity research strategy - linking eu biodiversity research strategy with international initi
1083	7	on earth can be reconstructed using the fossil record and, therefore, paleontology has a key-ro   processes operating at short- and long-time scales. a high-priority issue in earth science is   g-time scales. a high-priority issue in earth science is understanding of relationships between  and global change. present knowledge of evolutionary processes suggests that biodiversity is pr  xonomic diversity in multimillion years time-slices compared with large scale events such as cl   large scale events such as climate and sea level changes. however, this approach gives results  ces offer an excellent archive to study evolutionary processes and their timing as well as the
11242	10	global change we need to understand the evolutionary processes that generate it. yet, species d  hink not - they are in competition with one another and for one species to succeed then it must  petition: where two species, the medium ground finch and the small ground finch, occur together  , the medium ground finch and the small ground finch, occur together on the same island they ca  communities are important as drivers of evolutionary change and in determining which species li  hanges in diversity through time in the fossil record be attributed to competition my solution   nderstanding these problems is to build computer models that mimic competitive interactions and  nteractions and generate predictions of evolutionary change among competing species. this is an  ictions of how species change over long time-scales and how these changes alter biodiversity. m  of the same parent species diverge from one another, as is the case for anoles. to prise apart
10977	11	climate change over the last million years has seen rap  ars has seen rapid fluctuations between ice ages and warmer interglacials . at the height of an  mer interglacials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower t  cials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower than it is to  e possible ramifications of the current global warming trend. the impact of such changes was fe  s. many island features are linked with sea level - they become larger and closer to the mainla   , and we will use this as a marker for evolutionary change. until now, no one has considered t  tion of dwarf mammals in the context of climate change, because there are few reliable dates to  o calculate the percentage reduction in body size and weight, and more detailed features of the  n on many islands what was the speed of evolutionary change did the dwarf species endure for a    become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change did the same thing happen repeatedly in
11166	11	climate change over the last million years has seen rap  ars has seen rapid fluctuations between ice ages and warmer interglacials . at the height of an  mer interglacials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower t  cials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower than it is to  e possible ramifications of the current global warming trend. the impact of such changes was fe  s. many island features are linked with sea level - they become larger and closer to the mainla   , and we will use this as a marker for evolutionary change. until now, no one has considered t  tion of dwarf mammals in the context of climate change, because there are few reliable dates to  o calculate the percentage reduction in body size and weight, and more detailed features of the  n on many islands what was the speed of evolutionary change did the dwarf species endure for a    become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change did the same thing happen repeatedly in
9890	11	climate change over the last million years has seen rap  ars has seen rapid fluctuations between ice ages and warmer interglacials . at the height of an  mer interglacials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower t  cials . at the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower than it is to  e possible ramifications of the current global warming trend. the impact of such changes was fe  s. many island features are linked with sea level - they become larger and closer to the mainla   , and we will use this as a marker for evolutionary change. until now, no one has considered t  tion of dwarf mammals in the context of climate change, because there are few reliable dates to  o calculate the percentage reduction in body size and weight, and more detailed features of the  n on many islands what was the speed of evolutionary change did the dwarf species endure for a    become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change did the same thing happen repeatedly in
2196	1	hould address how the properties of the mussel bed, e.g. patch size, mussel density and meta po
12017	7	eans, exporting massive amounts of c to deep waters and sediments via shell sinking and ballast  guably the most continuous and complete fossil record covering the last 220 myr, a unique tool    saturation horizons, which may provoke mass extinction of pelagic calcifiers within decades. c   basic knowledge of their biodiversity, life cycle, and the function and molecular complexity o  etation of their ecology, biogeography, fossil record, and prediction of their acclimation and   ization in coccolithophores. the use of cutting edge, combined morpho-molecular techniques will  nts and analyses of key events in their fossil record.
10571	5	mass extinctions in the geological record have shaped t  ld not exist. understanding what causes mass extinctions is therefore one of the most fascinati  ain a unique perspective on current-day climate change and the issues affecting life on earth.   ately this project aims to identify two mass extinction events in the boreal realm, and to asce  te, school outreach activities, and the mass media.
14594	1	e presence of dissolved microcystins in running waters was recorded, with maximum levels near 4
12442	1	bottom fisheries. studies on vulnerable marine ecosystems are an important aspect of rfmo compl
11456	3	the responses by amazon rain forest to el niño events can switch the region fro   but measurements of carbon exchange by rain forest during an el niño do not yet exist. clear p  e mechanistic basis of the responses by rain forest to el niño.
10859	3	from land to freshwaters. their role in active transport of energy resources will be investigat  ters. their role in active transport of energy resources will be investigated in a small river   reshwater taxon will be determined. gut content analysis will enable us to determine the extent
11035	3	tential response to new environments. a first step is to assess these processes within species.  rocesses determine adaptive divergence: gene flow whether there are fundamental differences bet  ifferences between protist and metazoan evolutionary processes.
6971	3	lts in developing hungarian products. a new form of utilisation has now been conceived for the   ese genes to be incorporated into local breeding stock at a high technological standard, withou  gering the environment. in this way new inbred lines could be developed in far less time than u
6919	2	vs to fusarium head blight mean serious food safety risk. therefore the breeding of more resist   fusarium head blight mean serious food safety risk. therefore the breeding of more resistant c
6829	1	on 3. writing up and publication of the research data 4. study of variety-environment interacti
6728	5	y periods enhance the damages caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi and f. solani in the cul  isi and f. solani in the cultivation of green peas. the pea varieties cultivated in hungary hav   in drought the water use efficiency of green peas is more emphasised and it affects the nutrit  gan the breeding program to improve new green pea varieties utilised for fresh markets. it has   ipening f4 progenies with resistance to plant diseases. our research purpose to produce early r
6927	3	arley having more complex resistance to leaf spot- and virus diseases, to extreme winter climat  ogram, resistance to the most important leaf spot diseases and spatial diversification of leaf   diseases and spatial diversification of leaf spot disease dominancy will be evaluated. the majo
12032	5	diversity of plants in the tropics the ecological niche theory predicts that in a local commun  is second theory, limited dispersal and population fluctuations are sufficient to explain the c  e project the data needed to test these alternative hypotheses on the mechanisms of species coe  d to invest on an exceptional effort of data collection in several study sites in the rainfores  f this study was also to bring together research efforts on plant biodiversity in french guiana
14899	1	several selective pressures can account for patterns of sexual
11738	3	m in the study of speciation: field and laboratory experiments take place over the limited span  ation: field and laboratory experiments take place over the limited spans of human timescales,   test the hypothesis that speciation and evolutionary change were driven by shifts in feeding an
13572	2	doc in surface waters, is a large-scale environmental problem, probably caused by climate chang  vironmental problem, probably caused by climate change. we will analyze the magnitude, time cou
14117	5	of semi-natural communities by humans. climate warming also causes changes in distribution are   part of bryoflora consists of rare and endangered species. their reaction to climate change an  d endangered species. their reaction to climate change and management may be much different fro  s flagship species to certain groups of endangered species. if the reason for their vulnerabili  ra and high percent of natural and semi-natural habitats enables to use bryoflora of estonia as
6909	3	dead logs were surveyed in near-natural beech woods between 2000 and 2002. during this project   nd publish the results in international scientific journals. the main questions and tasks of th  od systems. in 2004 we plan preliminary field trips and the selection of sites for investigatio
14731	1	nd of novelties , as well as scientific staff training continue to be a project goals. on the o
15430	15	global climate change is a fact acknowledged by the sci                                   global climate change is a fact acknowledged by the scientific  te change is a fact acknowledged by the scientific community. the speed of this change imposes   peed of this change imposes an enormous selective pressure for all species. mountain systems ar  ain systems are especially sensitive to climate change since climatic conditions drastically ch   can be very useful as bioindicators of climate change: because of their poikilohiydric conditi   substrate make them more vulnerable to climate change, in addition, they have rapid responses   nd they are fast-growing organisms. for genetic studies, bryophytes have two important advantag   included in this proposal, can perform homologous recombination of dna using an artificial vec  ing the responses of these organisms to climate change is of vital importance. nevertheless, th   frequently due to lack of data such as distribution maps. bearing in mind the threat of global  ion maps. bearing in mind the threat of global climate change to the biodiversity of the planet  s. bearing in mind the threat of global climate change to the biodiversity of the planet, we pr  t will benefit from the availability of genomic data of the species ceratodon purpureus, a mode  us, a model system in genetics. several genetic markers will be used: dna sequences, aflp, srap
12417	3	tion of fulmar corpses washed up on the tide line of the orkneys, shetland and eastern england   igating the presence of plastics in the marine environment. the contractor will produce an annu  ronment. the contractor will produce an annual report on the data collected and make recommenda
11064	13	el has been successfully applied by the research team to a wide range of european intertidal an  fully applied by the research team to a wide range of european intertidal and coastal sites, an  how environmental change influences the wading bird and wildfowl populations that feed in these  shellfish industry, while ensuring that bird populations that also consume shellfish are not ad  he most effective way of mitigating the negative effects of this habitat loss through habitat c  schemes. the model has been used in the marine environment to predict the relative impact of of  of offshore windfarms on populations of diving ducks, and identify the developments that have t  used by specialist modellers within the scientific community. this is unsatisfactory, as this t   to ensure the survival of co-dependent bird populations, and could do this in-house with a sui   ecological impacts of alternative port construction sites, or by conservation agencies to asse  ide such a user-friendly and accessible software tool. the new model will reduce the complexiti  stal birds, collaboratively between the research team and project partners from a range of cons  nge on coastal birds, and with whom the research team have worked successfully in the past. the
10675	1	ns in archaeological contexts relies on indirect evidence. studies of modern and fossil resins
15221	4	ct pollinators that play a particularly important role in cold areas and mountains. bees and bu  known, even though these insects play a key role in plant reproduction and therefore in the fuc  ticularly due to two of its components: climate change and shifts in the uses of the land, whic  pecialization are more sensitive to the negative effects of global change. this proposal is bas
10643	7	modern marine ecosystems were established during the early pal  ovelty. unfortunately, the conventional fossil record represents only a fraction of ancient div  adiations. by integrating this enhanced fossil record with the principles of biological oceanog  ed fossil record with the principles of biological oceanography and macroecology, this study wi  unique, evolutionary view of how modern marine ecosystems function. this study will focus on th  aterials are housed in state-of-the-art storage facilities in calgary, alberta and regina, sask  ta and regina, saskatchewan and offer a unique opportunity to sample systematically through the
6916	2	ly excavated in the bükkábrány open-pit coal mine in hungary. fifteen baldcypress trees up to 3   museums for conservation. the proposed scientific study involves taxonomic determination of tr
14294	2	n marine resources urges the need for a decision making framework to objectively allocate the d  different user functions at the belgian continental shelf
12419	1	ures facing the coast from development, climate change, and competition for space between marit
12059	2	there is little dispute that global climates are changing, and that this change alre  e conservation and the efficient use of natural resources, helping to reconcile human needs, ec
14764	4	an shrublands and forests. - effects of climate change in plant ecophysiology and the structure  e mediterranean vegetation - studies of molecular biology applied to the study of ecosystems st  e on the ecosystems - biogenic volatile organic compounds - chemical ecology of plant-plant and  pic signals and environmental changes. -remote sensing and optical diagnosis of plants and ecos
15290	4	e is generally reduced hedgerows play a key role to the functioning of the agroecosystems as it  asslands growing unconnectedly from the arable lands. on the other hand, there is a scale facto  s in hedgerows can be determined by the organic matter quality associated to the vegetation typ   be monitored for two years in the soil plant systems of crop edges and hedgerows. finally, we
9865	4	,000 years ago, and of industrial scale food production, starting about 100 years ago. milk and  ple and areas where it was developed in prehistoric times , as this also can tell us about the   so can tell us about the influences for human population growth. an exciting prospect is that i   tell us about the influences for human population growth. an exciting prospect is that it migh
11116	2	climate change is a cause for concern in the 21st centu  t climate in periods where there are no written records, and provide a long-term history of env
1093	7	the hypothesis of the molecular clock in evolutionary biology, asserts that i  he hypothesis of the molecular clock in evolutionary biology, asserts that informational macrom  d considerable variation in the rate of molecular evolution among lineages. many factors have b  ate variation, such as population size, metabolic rate, generation time, and dna repair efficie  uch as population size, metabolic rate, generation time, and dna repair efficiency heterogeneit  use cave organisms as a tool to address molecular clock issues because they may form simplified  ill allow to compare rates and modes of molecular evolution of the same gene in different organ
11244	2	as more people today become concerned about global warming and   ore people today become concerned about global warming and the effect that humans are having on
11321	2	as more people today become concerned about global warming and   ore people today become concerned about global warming and the effect that humans are having on
10569	2	oid others are fundamental questions in evolutionary biology. however, they commonly make mate-  ation is that animals are responding to sensory information to which humans are not receptive,
1970	3	isms can bias the paths followed during evolutionary change in morphology. the different eyespo  l developmental homologues. patterns of gene expression . the pattern of change in response to   we will not only examine potentials for evolutionary change in different directions, but also t
7025	6	river ecosystems play a key role in the transport and transformation of carbon   terial is being transported downstream, organic matter is produced and degraded. this matter ca   this matter carries the fingerprint of human activities along its entire course. microbial com  . the processes related to nitrogen and organic matter cycling are basically controlled by the   d the n 2 /n 2 0 ratio. h2: the mode of organic carbon supply to retention areas controls denit  nt cycling processes to restoration and rehabilitation measures because they have shaped the cu
1963	3	lying this hypothesis: the existence of genetic variation with a simple mode of inheritance for  erbivorous mites in a given genotype of tomato plants. this is done by artificial selection of   otype of tomato plants. this is done by artificial selection of isofemale lines of herbivorous
13710	2	ct builds on a comparison with a unique reference material collected 10-30 years ago, encompass  s; critical parameters examined include food supply for breeders, egg size, start of breeding,
11102	2	n, the ability of species to respond to climate change and the spread of non-native species. ho  l mammals show metapopulation dynamics, plant ecologists are divided about the utility of the c
10632	5	adaptive radiation is an important evolutionary process       adaptive radiation is an important evolutionary process that may be responsible for most o  differentiation during the course of an adaptive radiation. freshwater populations of three-spi  ickleback are an outstanding example of adaptive radiation. these marine fish invaded freshwate   fish invaded freshwater after the last ice age. freshwater populations differ in their ages .
11670	4	. we aim to reduce these uncertainties. radiocarbon dating most lake sediments is problematic d  hod which gets round this problem is to radiocarbon date chironomid the likely value of chirono  hironomid dating against other forms of radiocarbon dating for lake sediments. it is hypothesis  pproach to deriving chronologies from a wide range of sedimentary archives, many of which are a
13777	6	the impacts of climate change on species and ecosystems are already ev  icant irrespective of which of the ipcc climate change scenarios that comes true. thus, strateg  te are needed, but methods are lacking. ecological restoration can be a primary strategy to inc   resilience of ecosystems threatened by climate change. this project tests whether ecological r  mate change. this project tests whether ecological restoration of riparian zones along streams   ive way to increase their resilience to climate change effects. as more of precipitation falls
10045	22	we regularly hear about tropical forests in the media. documentary programmes r  : how economic pressures and population expansion drives their clearance by small-scale farmers   agribusinesses convert vast areas into oil palm plantations or soy bean production, and how pr  ssures to extract minerals and oil from tropical forest regions is increasing as the price of t  y, it also adds to the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and hence increases   osphere and hence increases the rate of climate change: deforestation of tropical forests contr  ate of climate change: deforestation of tropical forests contributes 25% of all carbon dioxide   tropical forests contributes 25% of all carbon dioxide emissions by humans. many attempts have    many attempts have been made to derive economic benefits from tropical forests. however, recen  n made to derive economic benefits from tropical forests. however, recently a new system has em  ke biodiversity and carbon storage that tropical forests provide, it is possible to obtain mone  ty that is widespread and acute in many tropical forest regions and is an important cause of de  able to sell the resulting reduction in carbon dioxide emissions on international carbon market  international carbon markets or through bilateral agreements. this idea is being promoted as a   ent to succeed the kyoto protocol - the international treaty designed to reduce greenhouse gas   international treaty designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - as well as in voluntary mark  al treaty designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - as well as in voluntary markets. govern  ly help to preserve other attributes of tropical forests, such as biodiversity. it is this broa  , the possibility to reduce the rate of tropical deforestation, conserve carbon stocks and biod  te is the subject of a vigorous debate. important issues surround how to measure and monitor th  d place for this kind of project as the rain forests are some of the most diverse in the world    face increasing pressure from logging, oil exploration and from rising levels of access due to
15422	5	the proliferation of invasive species is, together with habitat destruction,   the main cause of biodiversity loss in marine ecosystems. alien species are considered invasiv   small peracaridean crustaceans with an important role in marine ecosystems . furthermore, we w  n crustaceans with an important role in marine ecosystems . furthermore, we will work with the   ms . furthermore, we will work with the life stories of the species under laboratory condiction
11162	4	commitment to the management of coastal ecosystems through addressing both ecological a  of documents, draft text and ideas, and team members will be encouraged to enable inter-discipl   inter-disciplinary sharing so that the research project is fully integrated rather than a set   e draft documents together into a clear research proposal, meet with potential research users t
7251	5	simulate the flow and carbon stocks in forest ecosystems at different scales. indeed, forests    an essential component of the earth 's carbon cycle by their surfaces and their life time whic  do not take into account the effects of forest management, although they are important to our l  n of a forestry management module to an age class; * use of the module for simulations by age c   * use of the module for simulations by age classes; * validation of the model at different sca
10086	2	rates and nature of degradation of this organic material by microbial metabolic activity, and c  zymes activity and changes in molecular microbial diversity. tidal mesocosm, sediment slurry an
13605	7	using natural and engineered cellulosic raw materials from forest trees, crops or bacterial cul  w materials from forest trees, crops or bacterial cultures for the design of new nanocomposites  ibrillated cellulose from wood or plant cell walls represent key nano-scale components for rein  tapping into the detailed mechanisms of cell wall biosynthesis, nanostructure and mechanical fu  t they are sustainable throughout their entire life cycle, from bioproduction in nature, biopro  are sustainable throughout their entire life cycle, from bioproduction in nature, bioprocessing  gradation for disposal. the transfer of new technologies and knowledge from carbomat to industr
14612	5	e response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and to understand their role in the glob   to understand their role in the global carbon cycle. two major aspects of climate change are t  obal carbon cycle. two major aspects of climate change are the increase in mean global temperat  . one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change is the mediterranean basin. several mode  ables that control them under different climate change scenarios. at the same time, we will exp
10939	1	nterval and assess different models for mass extinction at this time.
11297	2	a significant fraction of the organic material produced or imported to our coastal se  eochemical and biological conditions of marine ecosystems and can be readily measured. ultimate
201	9	combustion of fossil fuels is caused elevation of co2 concentration i  ation in the atmosphere, which leads to global climate warming. it is very important, globally   n the atmosphere, which leads to global climate warming. it is very important, globally and reg  n the concentration atmospheric co2 and climate changes, more attention should be paid both to   roposed project are: to model growth of silver birch stands growing at fertile sites. earlier i  arlier investigations showed that young silver birch stands may have higher productivity than i  ose is to find out the bulk maturity of silver birch stands growing at fertile site proceeding    new data about the growth and yield of silver birch stands are of essential practical importan   and planning of forests are based on a computer system, by using different growth models, the
7663	3	d quantitative evolution of turnover of organic matter with depth - step 3 2010-2011 samples an  orial a publication on the influence of land use on the turnover of organic matter   nfluence of land use on the turnover of organic matter
10243	2	iodiversity field site from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organ  xide, through the soil fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the intro
11005	2	iodiversity field site from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organ  xide, through the soil fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the intro
11216	2	iodiversity field site from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organ  xide, through the soil fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the intro
14118	13	changes in climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and disturbance regimes ha  een occurring for decades in the global boreal forest. disturbances are an important factor inf  in it. it is expected, that with future climate change the frequencies, intensities and severit  e most important natural disturbance in boreal forest. forest fires and the recovery from there  t natural disturbance in boreal forest. forest fires and the recovery from there are important   of soil carbon and nitrogen pools after forest fires. the topic is very timely since deeper und   gaps of understanding on the ecosystem carbon cycle in the changing climate. soil is the large  g climate. soil is the largest stock of organic carbon, but the related processes changing soil  but the related processes changing soil organic matter quality and its pool distribution are st  to below-ground processes such as: soil organic matter decomposition, turnover of carbon compou  ganic matter decomposition, turnover of carbon compounds of different chemical fractions, soil   tion results will be compared to actual field measurements. with help of field measurements dat  actual field measurements. with help of field measurements data the model will be improved.
2124	7	herbivory and seed predation affect the population dynamics of plant species, their distributio  small and large spatial scales, and the plant community species composition and diversity. posi  y little attention with regard to plant population dynamics and absolutely no empirical attenti  y no empirical attention with regard to plant community composition and diversity. this lack of  conceivably play a fundamental role for plant community composition and diversity through their  ant species, and their frequency within plant communities, varies spatially with the functional   communities, varies spatially with the functional composition of the pollinator assemblage. a
10891	4	f species extinction has led to a large research effort in recent years to determine how ecosys  or species number propagate through the food chain to affect herbivore, plant and soil microbe   distribution of herbivores on different host plants, affects the propagation of effects through   the propagation of effects through the food web. the experiment will reveal novel information
12710	6	aims of this project are: •to produce a case study that demonstrates the application of theoret  e application of theoretical models and climate change adaptation principles in the landscape a  al experience. •to provide guidance for policy makers, planners and land managers to help them   at will enable biodiversity to adapt to climate change. •to provide a short best practice guida  nce and short policy guidance note. the case study will form the final report, but key elements  e study will form the final report, but key elements must be drawn out to produce a short docum
12723	6	aims of this project are: •to produce a case study that demonstrates the application of theoret  e application of theoretical models and climate change adaptation principles in the landscape a  al experience. •to provide guidance for policy makers, planners and land managers to help them   at will enable biodiversity to adapt to climate change. •to provide a short best practice guida  nce and short policy guidance note. the case study will form the final report, but key elements  e study will form the final report, but key elements must be drawn out to produce a short docum
12481	3	natural resource protection is one of five strategic pr  ished in december 2004. the sustainable development strategy published in march 2005 also ident  published in march 2005 also identified natural resource protection and environmental enhanceme
12480	15	ecosystems are natural resources that provide people with many essenti  resources that provide people with many essential goods and services, including for example, ai  ices, including for example, air, food, drinking water, landscape, recreation space. the concep   ecosystem assessment, supported by the global environment facility and the united nations envi  m services provided within a particular case study area undergoing extensive urban regeneration  st they can be evaluated within current land use planning and decision-making frameworks. the c  ing and decision-making frameworks. the case study area selected is kent thameside, a key devel   area selected is kent thameside, a key development area of the thames gateway growth area with   development area of the thames gateway growth area within the governments sustainable communit  ater resource availability, flood risk, air quality, transport and biodiversity. however, there  field and use of a specialist modelling software tool called stella, which provides a means of   parameters, supported also with spatial data analysis provided by gis. the case study, therefor  tial data analysis provided by gis. the case study, therefore, will enable the exploration of d  ssex and medway, but also for other key growth areas under the governments sustainable communit  ept of ecosystem services into existing land use planning frameworks, for example through local
11744	1	amount of novel data and a powerful new research tool.
2154	5	ed on the dramatic decline in the sugar kelp forest along the coast of southern norway. the sug  oast. surveys have found that the sugar kelp forests have disappeared from large areas of the s   re-growth and restoration of the sugar kelp forests in order to support coastal zone managemen  ical actions to help restoration of the kelp forest. the objectives will be achieved by experim  est. the objectives will be achieved by experimental studies of recruitment, growth and competi
14928	7	human activity is causing the displacement of many spec  them become invasive in the new region. invasive species may monopolize local resources and out  plain the high propagation potential of invasive species, while less attention has been paid to   ability of successful establishment of exotic species in new regions. regarding the vulnerabil  ity. 3 successful invaders show shorter life cycles than native plants, and therefore a higher   s will be tested on a list of 100 alien invasive species of the iberian peninsula, while the re  of potential invasive plants, to assess environmental impacts of plant invasions, and will prov
2538	6	of selection in natural populations of house sparrows by analysing stochastic processes acting  ing at both ecological and evolutionary time scales using a novel theoretical framework. such a  strength of fluctuating selection in 18 island populations of house sparrows. two alternative h  g selection in 18 island populations of house sparrows. two alternative hypothesis are likley f  land populations of house sparrows. two alternative hypothesis are likley for such a relationsh  ctuating environments to ecological and evolutionary processes has been to account for fluctuat
10687	16	to periods when there was little or no polar ice on the planet. extreme as these different con  thering of continental rocks, burial of organic carbon, and changes in the flora of the oceans   ns or hundreds of years, and that these high temperatures lasted for thousands or hundreds of t  rms, these episodes lasted a relatively short time, and they were entirely unlike the more grad  many of these sudden episodes of severe global warming coincided with so-called mass extinction  global warming coincided with so-called mass extinctions when very large numbers of plant and a  ns when very large numbers of plant and animal species suddenly died out. equally, there have b  r study is a critical episode of sudden global cooling that occurred some 14 million years ago   sulted in major growth of the antarctic ice sheet. this episode is one of the 4 major steps in   ice sheet. this episode is one of the 4 major steps in the gradual cooling of earth s surface t   second, we want to use this example of global cooling to examine how other aspects of the eart  tions. we can thus use the chemistry of marine sediments as proxies for seawater temperature, c  st in california contains an excellent, high resolution record of changes in seawater chemistry   we have already completed a successful pilot study that has established an outline geochemistr  uccession through the use of a built-in astronomical clock , so we can readily locate our posit   of how to deal with current and future environmental issues.
10356	3	predicting the evolutionary dynamics of genetic load, which affects fitness, behaviour and demo  nbreeding depression for purging of the genetic load, and possible evolutionary changes in sex   rging of the genetic load, and possible evolutionary changes in sex ratio, will be explored bot
14792	12	seed size is a key life history trait in plants. until recently, this trai  ly constant within species, as the main selective pressure influencing seed size should be the   ure influencing seed size should be the competitive advantage of seedlings coming from large se  e seeds, constrained by the size-number trade-off of seed crops. nevertheless, species like the  d crops. nevertheless, species like the holm oak quercus ilex show a huge variability in seed s  on cycle that would produce conflicting selective pressures on seed size, seed crop size, or bo  heses are that a the integration of the selective pressures on seed size occurring along the wh  g along the whole regeneration cycle of holm oaks will produce different optimal seed sizes tha  eed size obtained after integrating all selective pressures will vary in space and in time. und   on climatic factors and/or patterns of land use of holm oak woodlands, results obtained would    factors and/or patterns of land use of holm oak woodlands, results obtained would allow to ana  e, either climatic or due to changes in land use.
2085	6	fecundity are central processes in the population dynamics of ungulates in northern environmen  in particular the individuals' previous life histories and their present age. the interface bet  antities of relevant information on the subject matter. longitudinal data from selected herds f  al variability and variation individual life history influence the growth rate and production o  n individual life history influence the growth rate and production of herds, and thus the optim   optimal harv esting strategies for the reindeer herders
10731	15	for many animal species, bigger is better. larger body size redu  nimal species, bigger is better. larger body size reduces the risk of being consumed by predato  te these apparent benefits of increased body size, mounting evidence suggests that most organis  derlying mechanism responsible for this trade-off between compensatory growth and impaired swim  tood. there is also nothing known about individual variation in the compensatory growth respons  ood availability due to factors such as climate change. the proposed research will examine musc  into the mechanisms responsible for the trade-off between growth rate and swim performance. add  s responsible for the trade-off between growth rate and swim performance. additional laboratory  h rate and swim performance. additional laboratory studies will be performed to examine the inf  e the influence of predator presence on individual variation in the growth response, and also t  s of compensatory growth for individual risk-taking behaviour and reproductive success. finally  ical studies utilizing individual-based mathematical models will compliment these laboratory ex  thematical models will compliment these laboratory experiments by incorporating empirically-der  tigate the implications of variation in growth rate for individual fitness. overall, this inter  fish, and also the consequences of this trade-off for behavioural and evolutionary ecology.
14819	6	soil degradation due to human activity affects the quality of the terrestrial e  he possible relations among the loss of organic material, the pollution caused by heavy metals   avy metals and pesticides, and the soil biological activity. the kind of soil can be the primar  s needed an appropriate handling of the organic material, to introduce energy that could mainta   diversity loss. on the other hand, the heavy metal accumulation or the pest-control substance   ent sorts of degradation. the effect of organic material loss in soilsystems degraded either by
10236	3	nd climate of sundaland during the last ice age, with no information available at all for malay  rove our understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital in  r understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital informati
9812	3	nd climate of sundaland during the last ice age, with no information available at all for malay  rove our understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital in  r understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital informati
7671	2	l new suitable habitat may develop with climate change. the models output will play a central r  e change. the models output will play a central role in formulating recommendations for the con
12383	5	e programme throughout the year. r&d rv capital costs of £329k are paid under the non r&d budge  remain unchanged from fy 04/05 + the rv fixed costs of 48 days @ £10k per day = £480k = a total   = a total of £809k. this is the agreed budget figure for mwd. in fy05/06, from the £480k, £90k   rv ringfenced charge therefore = £329k capital charge + = £719k for fy05/06, the r&d programme  e is required to contribute £390k of rv fixed costs which at £10k per day equates to an equival
10370	3	t protists can select food based on the cell surface properties of their prey. however, the und  periments will then be conducted within coastal waters in order to assess the extent to which c   in order to assess the extent to which cell recognition by grazing protists affects the struct
13853	6	al centres on the mechanistic basis for fungal diseases of forest trees. to do this we focus on  orest trees. to do this we focus on the root rot fungus heterobasidion annosum, a major pathoge  es, and its interactions with its hosts norway spruce and scots pine. the overall aim is to und  the outcome of interactions between the root rot pathogen and conifers with the ultimate goal o  tion of interesting genes from both the host plant and the fungal pathogen. conduct bioinformat   genes from both the host plant and the fungal pathogen. conduct bioinformatics- maintenance an
13749	6	microbial communities for recalcitrant organic matter formation and nutrient turnover in soils  en proposed as a mean to sequester c in forest ecosystems. however, on a longer term increased    a c sink. we will use a combination of different approaches – from detailed mechanistic experi  etwork of sites in northern europe. our research programme is essential in order to improve c c   will be established to accomplish this interdisciplinary research program.   ed to accomplish this interdisciplinary research program.
13848	6	study. our results obtained by stomach content analysis of fish as well as by using stable iso   stable isotope analysis of the pelagic food web suggest that trophic position of herring in th  stantially after the invasion. with the central role of this species in the pelagic food web, t  ral role of this species in the pelagic food web, this implies that the invasion by cercopagis   by cercopagis has resulted in a general food web change. to provide essential information for r  e. to provide essential information for risk assessment of the invasion, further studies will e
15267	5	deep waters cover 95% of the canary islands marine ecos   waters cover 95% of the canary islands marine ecosystem. however, little is known about the bi  are considered indicator species in the marine ecosystem due to their position as top-predators  dators in the trhophic net and to their life history. the occidental canary islands are home to  iving cetacean: blainvilles and cuviers beaked whales in order to gather information to asess t
12309	3	ed threats from diseases as a result of climate change, which will bring milder, wetter winters  mphasised the importance of arable crop disease control for climate change mitigation .   ance of arable crop disease control for climate change mitigation .
10788	4	ry for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital that the biological cha  xhibit restricted species diversity and food chain complexity, with environmental warming which  ble to microbes and plants, and whether global warming will alter the nitrogen dynamics of anta  k directly underpins policy relating to climate change and biodiversity in polar regions. the w
10804	4	ry for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital that the biological cha  xhibit restricted species diversity and food chain complexity, with environmental warming which  ble to microbes and plants, and whether global warming will alter the nitrogen dynamics of anta  k directly underpins policy relating to climate change and biodiversity in polar regions. the w
12014	5	ntal modifications such as those due to climate change could then be altered. changes in the co  proach of three contrasted systems: the continental shelf of the bay of biscay, the coastal upw  stal upwelling area off morocco and the continental shelf off french guyana. results despite co  trasted mean temperature regimes, a 1°c sea surface warming was observed during the last two de  ing ecosystem effects of fishing and of climate change, the studied fisheries were able to part
1947	1	fic and oligotrofic soils is one of the key issues of the ecological main structure and their m
440	5	phic and specific scale, we developed a data base, plantraits, with which it is possible to lin  ject, we entered 19 725 censuses in the data base; those censuses concern at least one of the 6  owed us to investigate in various known trade-offs and relationships, and to identify potential  clude plantraits in a global network of data bases, including worldwide bases of climate and so  eco-informatics, which will represent a corner stone in the understanding of relationships betw
14883	1	hanges in resilience of a mediterranean freshwater marsh is tackled too.
11294	1	d experiment at the moor house national nature reserve, northern england, with various grazing
11305	1	d experiment at the moor house national nature reserve, northern england, with various grazing
14949	1	ic models for the next decades, have on plant communities and soil. the short period of time si
7150	5	millet and sorghum are the staple food and main energy food source for populations  hum are the staple food and main energy food source for populations of sahelian countries like   e results of a detailed analysis of the genetic diversity of millet grown in a limited area of   t and sorghum in relation to changes in environmental factors relating to varieties, the croppi  ties, the cropping systems, climate and soil conditions and demographic, entries conducted to d
14175	3	opalaeontology and biostratigraphy play vital roles for deciphering the stratigraphic record. k  ones formed in conditions of relatively high sea level. still, we assume that sedimentation in   formed in conditions of relatively high sea level. still, we assume that sedimentation in the b
6945	2	our research group gathered in order to study the karstolog   the natural karst environments and the human activity affected habitats. examining the abundan
10499	3	focussing on genome reorganization and gene expression, and 2 the allopolyploid origin of s. c  is, focussing on genome reorganization, gene expression and phenotypic evolution, we will compa  nges in genome structure and changes in gene expression.
10699	3	focussing on genome reorganization and gene expression, and 2 the allopolyploid origin of s. c  is, focussing on genome reorganization, gene expression and phenotypic evolution, we will compa  nges in genome structure and changes in gene expression.
7156	3	explain their differential response to environmental factors. to relate the presence of a spec  climates of regions on the evolution of plant communities and provide in significant data colle   communities and provide in significant data collection. this database is intended to enrich th
11062	5	the availability and high nutritional value of marine resources means that they s  at . evidence from isotopic analyses of human remains suggests that coastal and island mesolith  cal timescales. we have also shown that amino acids surviving in pottery can offer further insi  s into the commodities processed in the pottery vessels. this project will further investigate   to track prehistoric patterns of marine food consumption, beginning with the early neolithic. p
10349	3	the dynamics of mature tropical forests have changed in the late 20th century   vely and quantitatively, the network of tropical forest plots, integrate it with soil and clima  f changing dynamics on biodiversity and climate change
11786	3	the dynamics of mature tropical forests have changed in the late 20th century   vely and quantitatively, the network of tropical forest plots, integrate it with soil and clima  f changing dynamics on biodiversity and climate change.
6832	4	the research project is based on a hypotheses published by    based on a hypotheses published by the principal investigator in 2001. the hypotheses propose   correcting the folding damage caused by amino acid changes. this maintenance of the cellular ph  hsp90 chaperone at its novel nucleotide binding site discovered in our laboratory.
13393	3	eties were collected and sent to aegean agricultural research institute national gene bank for   llected and sent to aegean agricultural research institute national gene bank for protection.mo  gricultural research institute national gene bank for protection.morphological, phenological, p
11463	1	most environmental microbial diversity, particularly archaeal diversity, i
11802	1	most environmental microbial diversity, particularly archaeal diversity, i
11013	1	atures, and thus may play an especially important role in modestly supercooled clouds
11461	2	to investigate the identity and role of signal molecules involved in cross-species communicatio  n grown in bioflims, a marine strain of bacillus licheniformis produces compounds that can elic
9937	2	to investigate the identity and role of signal molecules involved in cross-species communicatio  n grown in bioflims, a marine strain of bacillus licheniformis produces compounds that can elic
12514	12	follows on from a recommendation by the advisory committee on organic standards , horticulture,  ganic standards , horticulture, arable, food processing and manufacturing, distribution and ret  . this will identiy topics for targeted case studies to determine the reasons for success or fa  the aim will be to identify why certain business opportunities have been successful and why oth  s production capability, processing and manufacturing capacity, distribution, consumption, the   apacity, distribution, consumption, the retail market and access to organic food. in addition,   mption, the retail market and access to organic food. in addition, the response of different so  esponse of different socio-economic and ethnic groups to organic food will be considered, and r  ent socio-economic and ethnic groups to organic food will be considered, and regional variation  of the organic market into urban versus rural areas will be investigated. a project web page wi  l areas will be investigated. a project web page will be used to post documents containing the   aining the results of work packages and case studies and to provide links to information collec
11476	9	methyl bromide is an ozone-depleting atmospheric gas th  at is both produced and consumed in the marine environment. we have recently isolated a number    novel mebr-degrading bacteria from the marine environment. these bacteria grow on mebr and rel  d compounds such as methyl chloride and preliminary investigations suggest that the initial ste  iminary investigations suggest that the initial step in degradation of mebr occurs via novel me  ties of these enzymes with respect to a wide range of halogenated compounds in order to assess   ological techniques to characterise the initial steps in mebr degradation pathways. methyltrans  mebr utilisers will be assessed using a wide range of halogenated substrates in oxygen electrod  ated substrates in oxygen electrode and gas chromatography experiments. if time permits, we wil
10743	1	be made of organic n in the aerosol and gas phase, to determine the precursors of don in rain.
11755	1	be made of organic n in the aerosol and gas phase, to determine the precursors of don in rain.
9974	1	be made of organic n in the aerosol and gas phase, to determine the precursors of don in rain.
12185	4	entified compaction in grasslands as an important issue that may threaten the achievement of ag  . the findings will be summarised in an interim report on the national grassland characterisati   underpin the production of a technical advice note on soil compaction and loosening and the es  ning and the establishment of grassland plant communities. in addition, results will be communi
11625	2	easily be applied over several scales. remote sensing data has tackled these scaling issues wi  tra and to develop the applicability of remote sensing data for wind erosion models.
13465	9	maintaining levels of biodiversity and agricultural production through its role in plant polli  luding pathogens, biological invasions, climate change and pollution. honeybees, and the plants  decline, incurring major ecological and economic costs. honeybees are grouped into a number of   d eurasia around one million years ago. natural selection resulted in each of these subspecies   t of colonies by humans has resulted in artificial selection for desirable traits. our goal is   leness. to achieve this, we will survey genetic variation across the entire genome in populatio   then scan these fine-scale patterns of genetic variation for the characteristic footprints of   s of selective sweeps. knowledge of the genetic variation underlying adaptive traits could be c  e role of positive selection in shaping genetic variation. finally, this study should identify
13359	3	s to be grown very variable climate and soil conditions are required both rehabilitation of pas  study the national collection at aegean agricultural research institute will be characterized a  ional collection at aegean agricultural research institute will be characterized and evaluated
1096	1	laughter ph45 will be measured and from right side, sample joint will be taken; it will be cons
15181	1	ological surveillance of border disease virus infection in the population of chamois from the c
7509	2	preliminary studies based on typing of virulence genes have shown, however quon could classify  will be associated with typing based on virulence genes produced beforehand
7501	2	in the genus agaricus, phylogenetic reconstruction of duploannulatae section c   in the characterization of species and phylogenetic reconstruction of two sections based on th
15334	7	the present research proposal is intended as a contribution to the   d as a contribution to the knowledge of self-incompatibility biology, incompatibility gene alle  ions and the characterization of pseudo-self-compatibility. we make use of the sonchus pustulat   a phylogeographic analysis sketching a molecular clock about populations or population groups    a molecular clock about populations or population groups splitting and other forthcoming data   ncompatibility system. the knowledge of reproductive system in these species and the diversity   gnificant diversity of alleles to avoid harmful effects disturbing reintroduction programs.
7510	2	rsity of two groups abundant archaea in deep ocean hydrothermal vents. work focuses on the defi  o groups abundant archaea in deep ocean hydrothermal vents. work focuses on the definition and
7625	6	unt the architectural complexity of the root system of trees. so we will endeavor us to evaluat  n of these results in a slope stability scale model of a catchment. the use of vegetation, espe  ment. the use of vegetation, especially forest ecosystems, with a view to ensuring a protective  g a protective function against various natural hazards in the mountains is a common practice.   s natural hazards in the mountains is a common practice. there is, in most alpine areas, silvic  al phenomena of interaction between the root system of trees and soil
14588	2	ly characterized with dna markers. this research project proposes this characterization with ra  this theme, the second objetive of this research project is the study of the interaction root-c
157	2	total flux of energy and matter of the coastal ecosystem. being a quite unique and small group   species . evaluation of production and growth rates of different charophyte species in relatio
12404	3	to chemical hazards and impacts in the marine environment. this will be in 5 modules; passive    to chemical risk and human exposure to chemical contaminants key customer purpose: understandi  ding of the impacts of chemicals in the marine environment remains a priority issue for defra a
15147	3	ion from the environment for behavioral decision making related to foraging, reproduction and t   in particular, recent experimental and field studies have demonstrated that many aquatic organ  origin of the chemical cues released by brown trout that are responsible of the anti-predator b
11191	2	of the many lakes beneath the antarctic ice sheet. the chemical composition of this bottom ice   xpanded and contracted as the antarctic ice sheet grows and contracts over cycles of glaciation
13530	3	algal blooms, are natural phenomena in marine environments, but during the last decades they h  dinoflagellate blooms. relative maximal growth rate is generally lower for dinoflagellates than  xuded from dinoflagellates, with strong negative effects on many naturally co-occurring organis
10478	5	hen this process happens in the face of gene flow, differentiation is expected to be variable a  nome reflecting the direct operation of natural selection and the barrier created for regions s  fferent levels of divergence, excellent background information and a sequenced genome. this all   to apply the latest approaches to this major problem in evolutionary genetics.   est approaches to this major problem in evolutionary genetics.
11703	5	hen this process happens in the face of gene flow, differentiation is expected to be variable a  nome reflecting the direct operation of natural selection and the barrier created for regions s  fferent levels of divergence, excellent background information and a sequenced genome. this all   to apply the latest approaches to this major problem in evolutionary genetics.   est approaches to this major problem in evolutionary genetics.
10316	2	ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte  eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe
10551	2	ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte  eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe
10781	2	ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte  eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe
11308	2	ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte  eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe
11568	2	ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte  eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe
11828	2	ciated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive on, sample and characte  eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe
12365	1	f biological impacts relevant to the uk marine environment and fisheries interests in the event
15320	2	em. the main purpose of this project of basic research is to penetrate into the knowledge of th  proach applied as essential strategy in basic research to characterize in depth the interaction
14316	4	in the late 70s while strong signals of climate changes were noted can be of use for representi  ned topics is aiming to investigate the environmental factors favouring the reservoir-hosts as   er environment. the possible links with climate change and global indices could help in designi   global indices could help in designing early warning methods.
6866	2	he project mapping the flora of hungary distribution map of 2000 species will be completed foll  l countries in europe will be possible. distribution maps prepared to analyze the nation-wide l
6752	1	lexes in soils and its fate in the soil plant system.
11673	2	many closely related species differ in chromosome number , and there is no difficulty in findi  y be promoting species-formation in the house mouse, and give us valuable insight into this pro
15090	3	fferenciated aquatic compartiment where chemical compounds reach to high concentrations and may   on the sediment toxicity to the common data bases built only with data relative to chemistry a  rm the chronic sediment bioassays for a risk assessment based on the bioaccumulation.
14676	1	the aim of this research project is to evaluate the interest of sedimen
9843	1	provenance, crucial to unravelling the tectonic history of this region, including the extent t
14187	3	age between the microbial and classical food webs in aquatic systems. in shallow eutrophic and   be very important in functioning of the food webs in that lake. the following goals are address  liate – metazooplankton trophic link to food web functioning in shallow eutrophic and turbid la
13439	2	ontribute to sustainable development in tropical countries dependent on export of marine produc  ts. focused phytoplankton monitoring of coastal water will ensure safe bivalves, which is an en
7036	3	structure within a model species of the boreal forest, mycoblastus sanguinarius, in four differ  what extent its modern distribution and genetic diversity centres diverge from those of its com  erstanding diversification patterns and gene flow in a representative species.
14157	16	the objective of the research project is a synthesised study of the urban en   study of the urban environment and the environmental impact of urbanisation, applying life cyc  mental impact of urbanisation, applying life cycle assessment, substance and energy flux, metho  otprint and spatial analysis. expansive land use and greater mobility brought about by urbanisa  een fully surveyed, in particular using life cycle assessment methods. the comprehensive approa  e especially acute due to the intensive urban sprawl in the light of multifunctional land use p   sprawl in the light of multifunctional land use paradigm and eu directives. the total growth o  e total growth of environmental load of city dwellers is expressed in the increase of ecologica  y and in their relation with main socio-economic indicators. due to more frequent extraordinary  ors. due to more frequent extraordinary weather conditions, urban areas as sensitive places hav  quent extraordinary weather conditions, urban areas as sensitive places have to adapt and mitig  imate and contribute to the decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. the impact of spatial structu  ontribute to the decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. the impact of spatial structure of settl  ructure of settlements and buildings on land use and mobility, and consequently on transport lo   to be elaborated. the objective of the research project is proving these hypotheses. another a  nisation indicators as well as physical planning tools.
230	2	review written by l.b.prout during the first half of the xxth century. later on, only the subf   estonian collections of geometridae in state museums during the last decade have accumulated r
14313	3	global studies of historical land use have focused on large-scale landscape modifica  difications that can potentially affect global climate via their effects on surface albedo, aer  ts on surface albedo, aerosols, and the carbon cycle. these studies concluded that the impact o
2079	5	link between the stock collapse and an abrupt change in north atlantic climate that occurred i  60s. the project will analyse available long term time series of herring growth and abundance i  roject will analyse available long term time series of herring growth and abundance in relation  d climate, and develop state-of-the-art mathematical models to aid prediction of the consequenc  o aid prediction of the consequences of climate changes in the future.
10434	1	fication of seasonal trace gas flux and energy balance between surface and atmosphere at the la
10496	1	fication of seasonal trace gas flux and energy balance between surface and atmosphere at the la
10494	9	pical climate zone is more sensitive to global climate change than model predictions suggest an  limate zone is more sensitive to global climate change than model predictions suggest and ecolo  nah biomes to be extremely sensitive to climate change. however, the dynamics of how tropical v   of how tropical vegetation responds to climate change remains controversial. to explore the re  to explore the relationship between the global climate system and tropical vegetation it is nec  etation change through periods of known global climate change, e.g. through glacial-interglacia   change through periods of known global climate change, e.g. through glacial-interglacial cycle  to explore vegetative response to rapid global climate change, e.g. heinrich events, during the  ore vegetative response to rapid global climate change, e.g. heinrich events, during the period
14231	7	global warming, along with a fast-growing agricultural    along with a fast-growing agricultural land use, considered today to be one of the main global  ersity a threat. studies of climate and land use changes in the past due to the composition and  ct the future response of vegetation to climate change and changing land use. to investigate th  getation to climate change and changing land use. to investigate the effects of past climate ch  use. to investigate the effects of past climate changes during the holocene vegetation in the c  f the global dynamics of vegetation and land use patterns esinduslikuse models for evaluating a
2013	6	ap tool to eliminate biomass, releasing greenhouse gases such as co2 and ch4 to the atmosphere.   a large scale when there is a distinct dry season. on an annual basis, deforestation fires emi  uivalent to approximately 15% of global fossil fuel emissions. during el niño years, this numbe  estation studies have focussed on socio-economic factors that ultimately drive deforestation. h  ons. this could be a result of changing global climate and because of deforestation-driven chan  tool for deforestation, influencing the build-up of atmospheric co2 and ch4. several future def
2030	4	a central issue in ecology is to understand how species r  is to understand how species respond to climate change and to predict consequences for communit   composition and ecosystem functioning. climate warming causes shifts of species distributions   lain and predict plant invasions due to climate warming.
13615	2	due to climate change the ranges of many plant species will sh  ural ecosystems may help to improve the biological control of nematodes in agro-ecosystems.
9835	4	climate change is one of the major threats currently fa   biodiversity. predicting the impact of climate change for species requires the development of   essary to integrate them with models of climate change impacts. i will use black-tailed godwits  or model to predict the consequences of sea level rise and associated coastal management strate
10007	8	h has responded to millions of years of climate change and can be an invaluable means to invest  ery little ice at the poles, and global sea levels were much higher. between 50 and 34 ma, the   began to grow on antarctica, taking the first steps towards the modern bipolar icehouse world.   y how old the sediments are that record climate change. we will do this by looking at the magne  eochemistry to produce a picture of the global climate through time. third, we want to use this  n turn on carbonate-producing plankton. calcium carbonate dissolves in acid and given the impor  the palaeoceanography and palaeoclimate research group, which is actively investigating critica  ely investigating critical intervals of climate change. we will collaborate with scripps instit
13785	4	the project proposed here, i will study host plant-pollinator-parasitoid interactions under dif  bitat change scenarios. i will focus on pollinating insects with well known ecology i.e. large    generality in the study systems. using pollinating insects in an ecological and evolutionary f  mation about ecosystem functioning. our general knowledge of how such systems are influenced by
1105	9	namics of the processes involved in the carbon cycle that carry out and control the carbon cycl  on cycle that carry out and control the carbon cycle. a simulation model of the carbon cycle wi  carbon cycle. a simulation model of the carbon cycle will be set up simultaneously in order to   climatic scenarios, predicted by global circulation models, will be used both in the study of t  ganism and on carbon dynamic and in the carbon cycle models, in order to compare the data obtai  decisions to be made in controlling the greenhouse effect via the increase in carbon storage fo  disseminated to promote knowledge about climate change and the mitigating effect, that agro-for  hat agro-forestal systems might have on climate change to an large and diverse audience. the pr  s; 2. simulation models and territorial data processing; 3. genetic and functional diversity of
10850	2	the effects of climate change in a dynamic competitive interaction bet  nd, in the latter models, functions for interspecific competition. historical data from a netwo
10476	14	one of the most striking impacts of human development is the replacement of natural wildlif  velopment is the replacement of natural wildlife habitat with either agriculture or urban envir  ment reduce the overall availability of wildlife habitat, it often fragments the landscape so t  tence of major disturbance phenomena in marine ecosystems, the effects of habitat fragmentation  ck of study of habitat fragmentation in marine ecosystems is understandable, the potential impo  da, primarily because of the impacts of climate change. in 1998, for example, unusually high se  change. in 1998, for example, unusually high sea temperatures in tropical regions led to unprec   with the recent emergence of models of ecosystem dynamics and larval connectivity among coral    dynamics and larval connectivity among coral reefs, the constraints to studying fragmentation    systems have recently been lifted. the research team is multi-disciplinary and provides the fo  ulti-disciplinary and provides the four key ingredients needed to study climate change impacts   he four key ingredients needed to study climate change impacts on marine habitats. these are .   eded to study climate change impacts on marine habitats. these are . lastly, we undertake field  itats. these are . lastly, we undertake field studies to test the predictions of the model by s
13755	1	climate models predict an increase in dynamic ice forma
2006	5	indonesian coral reefs are famous for their high number of species  re than 100 years resulting in valuable natural history collections in museums and herbaria. th  sponse to environmental change. next to data base comparison, we will analyse caco3 secreting o   analyses on these samples will provide time series on sea surface temperatures and precipitati  ese samples will provide time series on sea surface temperatures and precipitation / evaporatio
10044	4	uncertainly regarding the influence of climate change on structure of marine fish assemblages,  emporal changes of abundance, including body size, growth rates and trophic level and 3 test th  nges of abundance, including body size, growth rates and trophic level and 3 test the reliabili  orecasted 2 to 4 c rises in mean annual sea surface temperature over the next 100 years.
10895	4	the world is experiencing rapid climate change with a predicted rise in global average   in species distributions within-species genetic diversity in many mobile animal taxa. however,   , disperse slowly cannot adapt to rapid climate change within the lifespan of individuals. fore  be among the first habitats impacted by climate change, a realisation driving the search for ap
11708	4	the world is experiencing rapid climate change with a predicted rise in global average   in species distributions within-species genetic diversity in many mobile animal taxa. however,   , disperse slowly cannot adapt to rapid climate change within the lifespan of individuals. fore  be among the first habitats impacted by climate change, a realisation driving the search for ap
7479	13	g the precise nature and rate of future climate change, even the most moderate scenarios predic  rios predict a continuing change of the marine environment, with associated major environmental   certainties and uncertainties, in this specific area should be raised. during the last years,   f eu research results on the impacts of climate change on the marine environment and to make th  on the impacts of climate change on the marine environment and to make this knowledge and its s  pean research results on the effects of climate change on marine environment. an up-to-date ove  lts on the effects of climate change on marine environment. an up-to-date overview of public kn  wledge and perception on the effects of climate change on marine environments and their socio-e  ion on the effects of climate change on marine environments and their socio-economic consequenc  ies. enhancement of public knowledge on climate change impacts on the marine environment, inclu  wledge on climate change impacts on the marine environment, including the socio-economic conseq  te with european citizens on impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems.   itizens on impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems.
12660	4	the uk on the strength of links between climate change and migratory species’ behaviour, abunda  distribution and passed a resolution on climate change, which amongst other things, called for   the need for standardised protocols for data collection and monitoring of climate-change impact  g the threats to migratory species from climate change.
13773	2	eproductive success declines during the breeding season. because temperature shows yearly varia  sticity allows short-term adjustment to temperature changes, large-scale disruptions to these p
2000	6	peat bogs are important ecosystems in relation to clima  ificant long-term sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide. climatic change could bring about chang  e. virtually nothing is known about how climate change and changes in atmospheric n deposition   n would affect bog ecosystems at longer time scales. on the other hand bogs provide some unique  es. on the other hand bogs provide some unique opportunities to analyse changes in species comp  to investigate the long-term effects of climate change on plant species composition and carbon
14737	5	studies have considered the effects of climate change on ecosystem functioning, and on plant a  is needed to investigate the impacts at community level, particularly in forests. at regional s  icularly in forests. at regional scale, climate change may produce modifications in species dis   in this project, we propose to develop statistical models of potential distribution of the mai  hese experiments, and they suggest that abrupt changes may appear after drought thresholds are
14823	9	es that ecotones are very vulnerable to climate change. environmental limitations to the distri   of forest trees become most obvious at tree line ecotones. extremes in environmental factors s  ious at tree line ecotones. extremes in environmental factors such as temperature, water supply  ironmental factors such as temperature, water supply, irradiation, etc. accumulate stress situa  withstand. therefore, the role of upper tree line ecotones as indicators of environmental chang  ronmental changes is widely recognised. small changes in any environmental factors may cause ch  widely recognised. small changes in any environmental factors may cause changes in the timberli  inuously during the year in relation to environmental factors. obtained data will provide a res  e for better management of forest under climate change conditions
482	2	depends on the persistence of multiple group members: thus in practice, the greatest recorded   c gradient, using national and european time series and atlas datasets available to the consort
12592	2	climate change has been identified by the draft soil st   be directly and indirectly impacted by climate change, but the consequences of such effects ar
7673	2	clim-fabiam is a basic research program relying on a long lasting partne                   clim-fabiam is a basic research program relying on a long lasting partnership
11758	3	plants play a vital role in regulating the concentration of atmospher  lating the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in   carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in whole plant carbon balances may have i
9996	3	plants play a vital role in regulating the concentration of atmospher  lating the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in   carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in whole plant carbon balances may have i
10889	9	climate change is now recognized as having major impact  erate and polar species retreat. at the community level, changes in assemblage composition have  assemblages and indeed the whole marine food web. changes in the timing of this bloom as a resu  the timing of this bloom as a result of climate change have been demonstrated and shown to have  ine benthic organisms which live on the sea bed, through effects on their planktonic larvae are  ly and are also sensitive indicators of climate change. their larvae are also important compone  re also important components of coastal food webs. in the british isles, barnacles are either b  enthic organisms through effects at the larval stage. results will be used to extend further a   ous nerc grant to understand effects of climate change on adult populations of benthic organism
10950	4	will be used to estimate younger dryas summer temperatures at one site in eastern scotland and  n glacier equilibrium line altitude and summer temperature. we will investigate whether glacier   resulted from reduction in snowfall or climate warming. we will compare midge-inferred july te   grip record can be used as a proxy for summer temperature in the ne atlantic region and as a l
13587	2	using a structured population model and laboratory experiments together with field sampling dat  water quality management in the face of climate change.
2056	5	climate change scenarios predict that arctic regions wi  nd changes anywhere on the globe due to global warming in the coming decades. this is of great   s that are found nowhere else on earth. polar bears induced change in the arctic system. the pr  ractions of these two species, identify critical habitat features and develop a predictive mode  ve model to assess the impact of future climate change on these animals and the ecosystem they
1997	6	t of disturbance in aquatic ecosystems. climate change can thus be expected to affect biodivers  diversity. according to this hypothesis climate change is likely to affect biodiversity by chan  ty composition as well as biodiversity. climate change may potentially push these ecosystems to  lly inclined ph.d. student will perform time series analysis on existing long term datasets and  erform time series analysis on existing long term datasets and perform analyses with simple mul  tools to assess the potential impact of climate change on aquatic biodiversity. the integrative
1999	8	to predict different relations between global warming and biodiversity. to explore the potenti  nts will be tuned to the results of the time series analysis and the model analysis obtained in   since climatic effects on more complex food webs and on organisms with long generation times c  ex food webs and on organisms with long generation times cannot be studied experimentally, we w  e compared with the results obtained by time series and model analysis in the companion project  alysis in the companion project of this research program. the anticipated results of this resea  rogram. the anticipated results of this research programme will provide the first essential too  tools to assess the potential impact of climate change on aquatic biodiversity.
1998	10	to predict different relations between global warming and biodiversity. this is a first indica  rsity in more detail, we propose to use time series analysis and model analysis. the time serie  series analysis and model analysis. the time series analysis will focus on time series of lakes   the time series analysis will focus on time series of lakes in northwestern europe, with the f  he climatic variability observed in the time series analysis as input for the models to obtain   he findings from the model analysis and time series analysis will be compared with experimental  e series analysis will be compared with experimental results obtained in the companion project   tained in the companion project of this research program. the anticipated results of this resea  rogram. the anticipated results of this research programme will provide the first essential too  tools to assess the potential impact of climate change on aquatic biodiversity.
2179	2	est this match-mismatch hypothesis in a food web perspective, combining small-scale process stu  birch forest under various scenarios of climate change.
14665	7	ntains transitional climate zones where climate change may have the greatest effects. in the ar  ime and drought phenomenon often occurs climate change plays a decisive role on the dynamics of  stems. in this context, the analysis of climate change and its variability is of great interest  sential tool for a better management of natural resources. such studies combining climate varia  g of climate variability with a greater spatial resolution could be useful for all social and p  in this context, the main goals of this research project are: 1. to create a dense, complete an  ense, complete and homogeneous climatic data base for the whole mediterranean coast of spain. a
15005	4	the scientific community has now no doubt on the existence   peed of this change implies an enormous selective pressure for all organisms. in mountain syste  h high mountain systems that range from sea level to over 3000 m altitude: sierra nevada and te  om different altitudes. 3. to study the genetic diversity, using aflp, of the samples used in t
2078	4	predicted climate changes will affect nature as a whole. for a be  nd species-composition as a response to climate change it is important to consider comparable i  sms in time and space. it is known that climate changes will have a strong effect on species-di  f organisms differ in their response to climate change. this enables an identification of areas
424	1	mulated distribution of the cedar shows drastic changes with a significant reduction of its dis
2109	4	the north boreal forests and the low alpine areas cover a large p  nd surface. the predicted anthropogenic climate changes are supposed to have large influences i  cies above the existing treeline. steep temperature gradients influence the survival of many pl   order to predict the effects of future climate change in this ecotone. we plan to provide info
13612	4	m model-based predictions on how future climate change will affect european biodiversity. curre  pecies distribution models suggest that climate change will cause habitats to shift or contract  bitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 years. this will allo  empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and empl
15565	4	m model-based predictions on how future climate change will affect european biodiversity. curre  pecies distribution models suggest that climate change will cause habitats to shift or contract  bitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 years. this will allo  empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and empl
13747	1	depends on the persistence of multiple group members: thus in | ||jij practice, the greatest r
15566	2	depends on the persistence of multiple group members: thus in practice, the greatest recorded   c gradient, using national and european time series and atlas datasets available to the consort
14140	4	l distribution and temporal dynamics of planktonic organisms as well as controlling primary pro  ttom layer. we assume that, besides the physical processes, the biological and chemical process   physical processes, the biological and chemical processes in the two pycnoclines separating th  stem changes taking into account future climate change projections.
6736	7	genetic research in recent years has clarified the mole  nogenic inheritance pattern include the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . all of these disorders ar  hythmias and an incresed risk of sudden cardiac death. the genetic research on cardiomyopathies  resed risk of sudden cardiac death. the genetic research on cardiomyopathies is a rapidly growi  pathologic base of these diseases, many open questions remained. these include not only to find  ders is enough for transferring the new genetic informations into the every-day clinical practi  w information would be valuable for the scientific community in general.
11439	8	sts now believe that the very future of human life on the planet earth is closeley linked to ho  seley linked to how we alter the global carbon cycle. the rate at which we are using fossil fue  n cycle. the rate at which we are using fossil fuels and altering land use ; however, if we get   we are using fossil fuels and altering land use ; however, if we get the carbon cycle slightly  ering land use ; however, if we get the carbon cycle slightly out of balance the plants and ani  eed to know the rules for keeping these closed systems alive and how important altering the atm  , etc. are. exactly how delicate is the carbon cycle within a closed system the work we are pro  w delicate is the carbon cycle within a closed system the work we are proposing uses one of the
14266	1	ese potential synergies on the level of information exchange, methodology and research experien
10587	1	een female mating behaviour and selfish genetic elements.
9816	1	een female mating behaviour and selfish genetic elements.
12588	7	hanges in soil carbon levels related to land use and climate change are highly uncertain, so ev  l carbon levels related to land use and climate change are highly uncertain, so evidence-based    data on soil carbon and the release of greenhouse gases in relation to land management. this w  to land management. this would enable a clear picture to be gained of the current state of uk s  . the expert group will be managed by a project manager in order to: 1. assess the existence, a  ta on uk soil carbon stocks, fluxes and land use influences. 2. appraise the potential limitati  his will provide up to date evidence to policy makers in relation to soil carbon and land manag
14958	1	build on the previous experience of the principal investigator in developing methods for the is
10137	9	food resources for humankind. since the industrial revolution, the oceans have restricted the e  he oceans have restricted the extent of global warming by taking up approximately 50% of the co  ng up approximately 50% of the co2 from fossil fuel burning and cement manufacture. co2 forms c  rning and cement manufacture. co2 forms carbonic acid when dissolved in seawater and lowers amb  ns of many marine organisms are made of calcium carbonate to constrain the swarm of models so t  etter understanding of the modern ocean carbon cycle, which is essential to get right before wo  future warming by emitting more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxi  g more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.   nhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.
11019	9	food resources for humankind. since the industrial revolution, the oceans have restricted the e  he oceans have restricted the extent of global warming by taking up approximately 50% of the co  ng up approximately 50% of the co2 from fossil fuel burning and cement manufacture. co2 forms c  rning and cement manufacture. co2 forms carbonic acid when dissolved in seawater and lowers amb  ns of many marine organisms are made of calcium carbonate to constrain the swarm of models so t  etter understanding of the modern ocean carbon cycle, which is essential to get right before wo  future warming by emitting more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxi  g more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.   nhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.
15028	8	sh populations and demersal and pelagic marine ecosystems are well documented for commercial fi  rine ecosystems are well documented for commercial fishing, the impacts of artisanal and recrea  l fishing, the impacts of artisanal and recreational fishing -as well as their relationships- o  -as well as their relationships- on the coastal ecosystem have received little attention. never  ttention. nevertheless, the interest on recreational fishing as a leisure activity is growing r  ating a potential conflict between this open access type of fishing and the regulated artisanal  ects over the exploited species and the coastal ecosystem. the objective of the current proposa  ions and maintain the resiliency of the coastal ecosystems, the health of the fish stocks and t
11490	1	in the ganges-brahmaputra to facilitate take-up of the policy recommendations that would emerge
14317	7	ly to the amazonriver basin in terms of drainage area and water discharge, the congo river harb  urce of critical importance to riparian human population. in shrill contrast with its importanc  an aquatic ecosystem. a large number of conceptual models have been developed over the past dec  overall ecological functioning of large river systems. the importance of longitudinal and later  nous primary production for fueling the food web in function of spatial and temporal scales. un  cers . in particular, the origin of the organic matter fueling the upper levels of the food web   matter fueling the upper levels of the food web will be highlighted. such interdisciplinary an
14318	6	deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries program. un-redd+ will create a fi  reate a financial value for sustainable forest management actions that enhance carbon storage i  age in forests, offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions in a post 2012  ersity in pristine and intervened dense tropical forests of the congo basin and to increase our  between both variables as a function of forest management. the strategic choice of the tropical  management. the strategic choice of the tropical forests of d.r. congo as a study area is inspi
13315	4	ity is affected by historic and current land use changes. in the coconut project we will , and    coconut project we will , and national data bases will enable access to data, tools and inform   predictions of biodiversity effects on land use change, and development of policy options for   , and development of policy options for land use management.
13823	3	tic mosaics created by colonisation and gene flow dynamics of both host and parasites maintain    and parasites maintain a high level of genetic variation in parasite selected traits. the resu  is a more efficient way to maintain the evolutionary processes that are important to biodiversi
14549	1	and their hosts, a subject in which our research team has made relevant contributions finally,
14940	3	colonization or host-switching through food webs. this task will require to build a phylogenet  webs. this task will require to build a phylogenetic tree of the polymorphidae based on both mo  nt function to the intestinal wall. our working hypothesis is that the variety of morphologies
15583	2	and ecological landscapes are evolving. climate change, deforestation, and degradation critical  sults and scenarios are embedded in the policy making process, paying close attention to the go
13455	5	coral reefs of lophelia pertusa are key biotopes in tem  a, a keystone species in the koster sea national park; by 1 developing tools for active managem  3 modelling larval dispersal within the national park and skagerrak, and investigate in vitro a  igate in vitro and in situ hydrodynamic driving forces to be able to develop and improve the ef   rehabilitation activities of coldwater coral reefs in years to come.
12715	2	tion remains a threat to sensitive semi-natural habitats in the uk. large areas of the country   . large areas of the country exceed the critical loads for nutrient nitrogen and critical level
13405	1	y is to investigate conservation of the genetic diversity of mulberry.
13368	1	wn with other seed samples conserved in gene bank. salvia species will be characterized using m
13409	1	y is to investigate conservation of the genetic diversity of fruit genetic resourses in middle
14190	1	larger number of local cultivars in the botanical garden.
14192	3	ections; seed collecting expeditions to natural habitats; characterization and evaluation of ac  e centre participating in activities of steering committee and working groups of barley, wheat,  in activities of steering committee and working groups of barley, wheat, oats, forage grasses a
14191	1	are: •to collect and to introduce into tissue culture and to preserve in vitro the varieties,
13578	4	the populations of many boreal forest species have declined dramatically in lan  es dominated by forestry. anthropogenic climate change may further reduce their abundance. the   y of forestry-sensitive species. during climate change, high colonizing ability is essential to  l have better chances to survive in the long term despite all the challenges. in contrast, spec
13462	3	the populations of many boreal forest species have declined dramatically in lan  ves, e.g. colonization capacity. during climate change, high colonizing capacity is essential t  l have better chances to survive in the long term despite the antropogenic challenges described
15321	8	d lethal uv radiation, extremely low or high temperatures and their fluctuations, oligotrophic    vapour has not yet been addressed. our working hypothesis for this project is that: colonizati  d microbiota and biomarkers of the cold dry valleys of antarctica. this type of study will gene   endolithic microorganisms to different environmental factors. from our data, we will infer the  ic ecosystems in the atacama desert and dry valleys of antarctica. similarly, the investigation  igations proposed will generate data on environmental factors that will provide new insight int  tors that will provide new insight into climate change in regions as sensitive to global warmin  imate change in regions as sensitive to global warming as are deserts.
12146	5	pertrophication-related disturbances in forest ecosystem. increased amounts of plant and . at t  ges of vegetation, fungi and soil biota take place. nature and dynamics of these changes must b  . the project aims to shape a scheme of forest ecosystem functioning under an impact of hypertr  f forest disturbances linking them with expansion rates and productivity of the cormorant colon  will be employed for making a scheme of forest ecosystem functioning under an impact of hypertr
15339	2	vision plays a key role in the detection of resources by diurnal polli  ecies: a solitary bee, osmia cornuta, a hover fly, eristalis tenax and a diurnal moth, macroglo
15327	5	the recent intergovernmental panel on climate change report predicted large temperature incre  on attention needs to focus not only on global warming and each of the other stressors individu  osystems will most likely interact with climate warming, with combined effects that are difficu  tem services to humans. we predict that climate warming will exacerbate the current effects of   nagement plans in the short, medium and long term.
9857	8	are currently experiencing accelerating climate change. the layers of ocean sediments in these   lls accumulate through time providing a high resolution record of past environments. communitie  in mind that these regions experience a wide range of environmental conditions as the seasons c  dern ocean and most importantly, in the fossil record. we hope to genetically and morphological  unified classification scheme. from our high resolution sampling, we will be able to produce a   ll be able to produce a new bioprovince distribution map for the present day northeast atlantic  w the exploration of seasonality in the fossil record. do foram shells of the same species have  ut how extreme changes in these dynamic marine environments affect the survival of species and
9892	8	are currently experiencing accelerating climate change. the layers of ocean sediments in these   lls accumulate through time providing a high resolution record of past environments. communitie  in mind that these regions experience a wide range of environmental conditions as the seasons c  dern ocean and most importantly, in the fossil record. we hope to genetically and morphological  unified classification scheme. from our high resolution sampling, we will be able to produce a   ll be able to produce a new bioprovince distribution map for the present day northeast atlantic  w the exploration of seasonality in the fossil record. do foram shells of the same species have  ut how extreme changes in these dynamic marine environments affect the survival of species and
14149	3	cesses we study mechanical disturbance, current flow, water stratification, sedimentation, oxyg  ee access to many european databases on marine ecosystems. meta-analyses are used to compare re  e aim of this project is to provide the knowledge base of the integrated impacts of multiple pr
15077	4	the analysis of the y-chromosome genetic diversity has been shown to be useful to ascert  scertain phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary processes in humans. however, this kind of  ellite markers. the aim is to solve the major problem of the y-specific microsatellite markers   ach species and among different species y chromosomes.
14898	3	. moreover, due to their sensibility to climate change and habitat alteration and fragmentation  pe of the selected groups with variable chromosome number, and the sequence of mitochondrial an  equence of mitochondrial and/or nuclear genetic markers. the combination of the barcoding data
13976	4	n the baltic archipelago is affected by human activities, and use this knowledge as a basis to    basis to evaluate legal aspects of how policy measures should be constructed to efficiently pr  rds are affected by shore exploitation, nature reserves and boat traffic. the analysis will als  g biodiversity and maintain and develop human activities in the society. this will encompass a
2150	1	rway, considerable damage to deep-water coral reefs by trawlers have led to the closure of area
11119	2	some studies have shown that plants use chemical signals to promote pollination, seed dispersal  r bioactivity using behavioural assays. gas chromatography and mass spectrometry will be used t
11836	10	anatomical evidence plays an important role in elucidating the relationships of plan   silica supersaturated waters flow from hot springs. the latter is particularly important becau   situ. such occurrences are rare in the fossil record, but provide unique snapshots of past lif  ts of past life. perhaps the best known hot spring deposit is the lower devonian rhynie chert o  y vegetation growing in the vicinity of hot springs e.g. yellowstone, usa and iceland, demonstr  ck and estimate the degree to which the hot spring ecosystems are typical of either normal dry-  ght, or are connected with withstanding heavy metal toxicity. similar but probably less rigorou  probably less rigorous analyses, due to time constraints, will be applied to carboniferous, cre  o carboniferous, cretaceous and miocene hot springs, to attempt to demonstrate convergence in a  ity, dongfanghong, part of an extensive gold field situated within the same lower cretaceous pr
9936	2	termined by phylogenetic and functional genetic marker analysis, and 13c-labelling of archaeal    carbon-flow pathways in freshwater and marine environments.
10701	2	termined by phylogenetic and functional genetic marker analysis, and 13c-labelling of archaeal    carbon-flow pathways in freshwater and marine environments.
15252	2	val amphibians at the interspecific and community levels and their latitudinal variation. we in  ans are at higher risk of extinction to global warming since their environmental temperatures a
15499	7	processes was essential to build modern evolutionary theory. however, the process of artificial  tionary theory. however, the process of artificial selection has been scarcely explored by evol   the well-known domestication syndrome, life history theory and plant physiological ecology wou  nteractions with other organisms, or to after-life effects on soil function through microbial u  identify plant strategies evolved under artificial selection across a wide range of domesticati  ved under artificial selection across a wide range of domestication processes. the overarching   that would benefit basic ecological and evolutionary theory, but will also contribute technolog
15403	2	this project is have a side of basic research in the field of herbivory under conditio  alearian wild goat- , to check if their ecological niche is similar and thus provide essential
10195	3	rganisation that are believed to play a key role in speciation. we will use a uniquely appropri  eneral nature and specific instances of chromosomal rearrangements. we will also survey the gen  , and correlate these with differential gene expression. our findings will both complement and
13709	2	n´t be grown outside the host, standard genetic analyses cannot be applied, and comparative gen  osed project will greatly influence the research field, as the mechanism of ci and the evolutio
10525	5	d do amazing things. they could degrade crude oil. they could live in hot springs, or places wi  d degrade crude oil. they could live in hot springs, or places with extreme salt concentrations  teria also are a very important part of animal life. our digestive function is changed by probi  tant in good digestive health. in cows, gut bacteria are of vital importance in making the nutr  ome sequence of a. triatominarum, using new technology based on firefly enzymes that can produc
15233	5	ion is almost universal, occupying many ecological niches, including the human body. p. stutzer  g many ecological niches, including the human body. p. stutzeri is involved in environmental re  f inorganic compounds and resistance to toxic metals aerobically, and anaerobically as denitrif  is might explain, at least in part, the genetic diversity of the species. genomic analysis of r  aptation of the pseudomonads to diverse ecological niches.
14220	8	ching implications for macroecology and biodiversity research. differences have been noted in t  ntified some species traits that affect population dynamics, this issue is still very open in t   in the tropics, we will supplement our time series data with studies of spatial congruence and   with studies of spatial congruence and life history, and take a phylogenetic comparative persp  determining population changes, and how life history traits determine emergent properties of tr  recapture, and caterpillar rearing in a tropical forest in uganda. proposed practical work will  d significantly to our understanding of life history evolution and community structure in tropi  ry evolution and community structure in tropical forests and provide the necessary background f
14131	3	mental conditions. however, to date the vast majority of studies have focused on single species  for comparison mammal species including brown bears, grey wolves identify significant populatio  n mammal species including brown bears, grey wolves identify significant population units for c
14813	1	pecial interest for the conservation of genetic diversity in the mediterranean, supplies reliab
6913	2	rm of bi- and multifactorial small-plot field trials, some of which are part of long-term exper  lysis and yield formation and papers in scientific journals are planned as the result of the pr
10008	7	nately we know almost nothing about the make-up of centipede venom, which leaves not only a lar  understanding of venom evolution in the animal kingdom. this study aims to remedy this ignoranc  venoms and venomous organisms. the most basic question that can be answered is simply: what tox  o their venom. they do this by taking a gene coding for a normal body protein, duplicating it,   s went hand in hand. by integrating the family trees of the toxin genes and the centipedes we c   by integrating the family trees of the toxin genes and the centipedes we can infer whether par  us animals, from what kind of genes the toxin genes in centipedes have evolved. since there wer
15137	3	he species under study by exploring the genetic diversity of populations in the mediterranean r  al interest for the conservation of the genetic diversity in the mediterranean, and to obtain m  le responses of each species studied to climate change.
10792	5	now know that the rock record over the continental shelf is very cyclical in structure. at its  ches onto the continental blocks during high sea-level stands. we will also compare the nature   re of the deep-sea sedimentary rock and fossil records with rock and fossil records derived fro  y rock and fossil records with rock and fossil records derived from land-based sections on adja  inents to find out whether the deep-sea fossil record is immune from many of the biases affecti
11569	5	now know that the rock record over the continental shelf is very cyclical in structure. at its  ches onto the continental blocks during high sea-level stands. we will also compare the nature   re of the deep-sea sedimentary rock and fossil records with rock and fossil records derived fro  y rock and fossil records with rock and fossil records derived from land-based sections on adja  inents to find out whether the deep-sea fossil record is immune from many of the biases affecti
7662	7	tatus of water bodies. beside this, the water pollution by chemicals, the result of massive ind  tems. goals this project is part of the biological responses component model organisms, it aims  fects of representative contaminants in urban areas or the decline of the species if genotoxici   species if genotoxicity exerted during embryonic development or germ cells. genotoxicity ecolo  exerted during embryonic development or germ cells. genotoxicity ecological relevance therefore   substance in an urban environment in a fresh water body model, the zebra mussel. the zebra mus  he zebra mussel. the zebra mussel is an invasive species widely distributed in temperate aquati
2478	2	marine ecosystems the world over are experiencing incre  he us financed by the rcn. it conducted marine ecosystem comparisons based primarily on observa
10091	1	and ease of use will be assessed in the final analysis and the best method determined.
12617	9	the extent of feedback between climate change and the terrestrial carbon cycle is one   ween climate change and the terrestrial carbon cycle is one of the main uncertainties in predic   uncertainties in predictions of future climate change. soil carbon dynamics are a key element   mate change. soil carbon dynamics are a key element of this because soils contain two or three   the losses occurred across all types of land use, a link to climate change was suggested. subse  across all types of land use, a link to climate change was suggested. subsequent studies have s  uggested. subsequent studies have shown climate change probably was in part responsible, but th  , but the dominant cause was changes in land use and management, such as the conversion of gras  has serious implications for the global carbon cycle, for the possibility of sequestering carbo
14656	2	of diverse impacts both of a global and local character. local phenomena do not seem, however,   he mechanisms of photoprotection or the immune response of the organisms themselves, which cont
2004	1	climate-sensitive cores at 2550 m above sea level in the andes.
14426	4	ronmentally friendly and protecting the ecological equilibrium in water bodies. fish rearing in  ut, 200-250 t sturgeons and about 250 t channel catfish. along with the advantages of this meth  ish, there are a number of problems and negative effects on the environment, caused mainly by t  g method and the type of the used feed, water temperature etc.
6880	4	rozen stored inner organs, mainly liver tissue samples by chemical analysis. from the samples w   organs, mainly liver tissue samples by chemical analysis. from the samples we plan to analyse   from the samples we plan to analyse the genetic diversity of otter population in hungary with t  ic habitats and also in the sustainable fish farming. we plan to publish results in internation
12685	2	ent of the level of compliance with the environmental protection , and a review of other applic  s a need for any legislative reforms or policy initiatives to increase compliance with the 1999
11302	6	will aid interpretation of the miocene fossil record and the evolution of locomotor diversity   to some extent since the split from the old world monkeys is key to the distinction between the  nction between the human and chimpanzee fossil record, since adaptations for bipedality have tr  have traditionally been taken to define human ancestors from those of the other african apes. i   recover energy when running on springy running tracks. to study these we will use a relatively  se data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and between joints in sit
11309	6	will aid interpretation of the miocene fossil record and the evolution of locomotor diversity   to some extent since the split from the old world monkeys is key to the distinction between the  nction between the human and chimpanzee fossil record, since adaptations for bipedality have tr  have traditionally been taken to define human ancestors from those of the other african apes. i   recover energy when running on springy running tracks. to study these we will use a relatively  se data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and between joints in sit
11831	6	will aid interpretation of the miocene fossil record and the evolution of locomotor diversity   to some extent since the split from the old world monkeys is key to the distinction between the  nction between the human and chimpanzee fossil record, since adaptations for bipedality have tr  have traditionally been taken to define human ancestors from those of the other african apes. i   recover energy when running on springy running tracks. to study these we will use a relatively  se data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and between joints in sit
10181	2	of sheffield and east anglia, where the laboratory studies will be carried out and from where t  ly changing environment - either due to climate change or habitat loss.
11764	3	plexes evolved through time and whether common factors were involved in each of the independent  on animal locomotion, palaeobiology and evolutionary biology and will be of broad interest not   d will be of broad interest not only to life scientists, but also to physical scientists dealin
11653	1	the ear region and the structure of the inner ear will provide a wealth of new character inform
517	1	lic action in favour of biodiversity in rural areas is part of the objectives at stake defined
10563	6	animals that live in cooperative societies face inherent conflicts of intere  which reproduction is distributed among group members. a large number of evolutionary models ha  s species is unusual because nearly all adult females in each group give birth together in the   dults of both sexes. we have shown in a pilot study that we can use short-acting contraceptive   nses to the manipulation, combined with genetic analyses of maternity, reproductive success and  eproduction and variation in individual social behaviour, a important but untested assumption o
11690	6	animals that live in cooperative societies face inherent conflicts of intere  which reproduction is distributed among group members. a large number of evolutionary models ha  s species is unusual because nearly all adult females in each group give birth together in the   dults of both sexes. we have shown in a pilot study that we can use short-acting contraceptive   nses to the manipulation, combined with genetic analyses of maternity, reproductive success and  eproduction and variation in individual social behaviour, a important but untested assumption o
11435	9	theory for explaining the evolution of social behaviour in organisms. the theory is based on t  e theory is based on the application of natural selection theory to the genes that influence so  tion theory to the genes that influence social behaviour, where social behaviour includes both    that influence social behaviour, where social behaviour includes both cooperation and conflict  ict. it proposes that individuals value one another in proportion to their genetic relatedness,  ce they share the genes influencing the social behaviour. because of its fundamental basis, and  iduals, and/or the overall costs to the social group of conflict behaviour. the second explanat   second explanation is that individuals social behaviour is driven by direct benefits to determ  standing of the evolutionary ecology of social behaviour.
7490	5	on of bio-fuels competes with areas for food production and nature. moreover, intensified land   ction and nature. moreover, intensified land use reduces soil biodiversity and the resulting ec   biodiversity surveys to construct soil food web models and determine effects of changing soil    consequences for outbreaks of pests or invasive species. soilservice will link ecological and   m services during different pressure of land use and changes in soil biodiversity. field and mo
15240	1	er to develop into fertile queens while adult females for the use of ant microarray. finally, t
13337	3	by delivering dissemination tools which policy makers and conservation managers can convenientl  . wp5 will provide a knowledge pack and information leaflets, translated into the main european  ortal and will be guided by an end-user advisory group, who will oversee the development of the
15241	2	ecological research in coastal waters has experienced a great development in r  l contribute to a more holistic view of coastal waters ecology.
10279	6	anisms have a planktonic phase in their life history and spend the first days or weeks of their  vantages. perhaps most importantly, its natural history is relatively easy to model which lends   modelled larval dispersal and observed genetic diversity. we have sampled the genetic diversit   genetic diversity. we have sampled the genetic diversity of m. annularis throughout the caribb  d will compare the observed patterns of gene flow to predicted levels of larval connectivity. i  opriate algorithms for the selection of marine reserve networks.
7433	6	. analyze and compare the level of genetic diversity in rivers of the northern pas de cala   of different wetland types in terms of genetic diversity, -to define management recommendation  into account both species diversity and genetic diversity of populations, -to prioritize restor  ions in terms of ecological benefit for genetic diversity. assistance requested focuses on the   l student, on charges of experiments in molecular biology and travel expenses   of experiments in molecular biology and travel expenses
7155	1	this project is part of the problem of land use changes due to intensified human pressures on
10267	9	nisms to reduce, or even eliminate, the negative effects of a parasite. some of these genes are  eptible at another. in other words some resistance genes are only functional in particular envi  ent times. these differences are due to individual variation in the genes controlling traits su  such as growth and flowering time. such genetic variation is crucial to a populations ability t   different genes changes as a result of environmental factors such as temperature we know that   , consistently less able to function at high temperatures, then it will mean a functional decre  n it will mean a functional decrease in genetic variation for resistance at these higher temper  eractions. it will do this by measuring genetic variation in parasite resistance in different p  tempts to develop strategies for secure food production in future climates.
10185	1	erent levels of sexual selection impact genetic diversity. using experimental evolution in the
13879	3	bee populations. through its effects on farming practices and landscape heterogeneity, agricult   bee species, the mechanisms by whereby farming practices and landscape complexity affects spec  rces determine bee foraging success and population growth. the results will be used to propose
15000	8	it is known that genetic diversity provides advantages at several levels  itness compared to the homozygous ones. social groups do better when genetic variability produc  ies genetically diverse may have higher growth rates and lower extinction risks. however, there  n patterns, our aim is to work on those intriguing questions by means of an observational and e   interested in knowing in which way the genetic diversity of these metapopulations is affected   distribution of the subpopulations, the ecological niche width, the generation time, the intera  ations, the ecological niche width, the generation time, the interaction with other organisms,   s. our interest in the investigation of genetic diversity and the factors ruling it is due to i
14947	6	evolutionary processes responsible for the maintenance    the maintenance of natural features of red deer populations greatly depend upon the way in whi  rd that the polygynous mating system of red deer may lead to more differences between the sexes  olded by variations in populational and environmental factors, and that reproductive strategies  ng system and the degree of polygyny in red deer: 1 evolutionary consequences that entail difer  n guarantee the preservation of iberian red deer as an element of wild faunas in spain.
14752	1	, key factor in the conservation of the freshwater fish populations. the aims of this study wil
7220	4	abundant and very often in contact with human populations, seabirds have always been operated o  accessible to men. the objective of our research proposal is to identify the conservation statu  e regularly poached without sustainable management method. still others are the basis of a reas  birds in the region while improving the living conditions of coastal populations, particularly
13751	3	mance in those habitats are crucial for population dynamics and the understanding of how animal  ology but also for the understanding of population dynamics and how animals vary in space and t  on is increasingly important today when human activities and environmental change may result in
14897	1	ty conservation as the basis to prepare management tools to be transferred to the epo of the pr
2159	3	conflicts around designation of nature conservation areas are seldom founded on disagreement a  work, especially between biologists and social sciences. a broad spectrum of theoretical approa  tween biologists and social sciences. a broad spectrum of theoretical approaches is needed in o
7471	3	by delivering dissemination tools which policy makers and conservation managers can convenientl  . wp5 will provide a knowledge pack and information leaflets, translated into the main european  ortal and will be guided by an end-user advisory group, who will oversee the development of the
6942	7	different distribution types. the main basic research questions are: - can we justify the taxo   of the t. prevostianus - t. danubialis mitochondrial gene-tree - how large is the intraspecifi   of bythinella pannonica, where are the hot spots' of this diversity, are there divergent intra  h was launched in 2005 by the hungarian natural history museum and it has some connecting point  t international projects. introducing a graduate student into conservation biology and molecula  e student into conservation biology and molecular phylogenetics contributes to the growth of th  netics contributes to the growth of the research community. considering that two of the species
13529	3	such programs should be designed. this research program aims at producing scientific informati   of three critically endangered swedish freshwater fish species . analyses of new and previousl  ion structure, monitoring of changes in genetic variation, detection of hybridization and inbre
225	3	maintaining genetic diversity belongs to the most important aspects  st important aspects in conservation of endangered species. on the other hand, species consist    value since it enables to plan further conservation measures for these species. secondly, the
9916	3	an essential tool in the management of endangered species such as the green turtle . in order   ement of endangered species such as the green turtle . in order to refine this analysis, we wil  describe genetic structure and quantify gene flow within and among african populations. we will
14829	6	the genetic analyses of endangered species can contribute t                  the genetic analyses of endangered species can contribute to the knowledge of t  ation, to determine the contribution of genetic factors to the probability of extinction and to   make inferences on the demographic and evolutionary processes suffered by these species. durin   test hypotheses on the demographic and evolutionary processes that affected the species in the  tic tags. finally, we will contrast the population dynamics inferred from the genetic patterns
14945	2	s such as effective population size and gene flow between populations. this genetic survey of i  her degree of protection, as from their genetic diversity and divergence.
13414	1	titled ‘community based conservation of domestic animal genetic resources’ in ankara province a
14515	3	ption of conservation as a tool to gain environmental health; clearly enhancing, also, the inte  terest of the heronry for ecoturism and local residents, since facilitates, if necessary, the u  recting measures to preserve the lake s natural resources. by carrying out an adequate program
13413	1	ivo method in lalahan central livestock research institute.
13416	1	ntitled community based conservation of domestic animal genetic resources in amasya province an
15431	1	to make distribution models of several bird species in wintering grounds of the iberian penins
13412	3	nched in 1995 by general directorate of agricultural research and lalahan livestock central res   research and lalahan livestock central research institute. within this project native black is  u in vitro at lalahan livestock central research institute and in situ at çamlıdere village in
12174	1	this research projects seeks to review current knowledge of
12561	1	ientific matters concerning whaling and whale populations in order that policy can effectively
6962	4	ogenetic methods for the conservational phylogenetic reconstruction, but it also extends our kn  cond in a phylogenetic journal and on a evolutionary biology conference. besides the scientific  e leading-edge researches at centre for plant diversity and systematics' research group at univ  re for plant diversity and systematics' research group at university of reading, and he would l
6959	14	negative effects of the human land use results in habit            negative effects of the human land use results in habitat destruction and seriously e  terest only can survive in biodiversity hot spots; others can find their habitats in degraded a  s known about their genetic background. genetic diversity, as well as species diversity has bee  tem resistance to disturbances, such as climate change, and, in certain biotopes, it has been s  een shown to provide protection against invasive species. the aim of this project is the evalua  uation of ecological, morphological and genetic diversity in biodiversity hotspots and human in  t complexes of the pannonian ecoregion. genetic diversity will be assessed by means of differen  results of this project will reveal the genetic diversity of selected endemic plants and animal  iversity of selected endemic plants and animal species characteristic of the pannonian ecoregio  the forecast the loss of ecological and genetic diversity due to intensification of land use an  tic diversity due to intensification of land use and climate change in terrestrial and aquatic    due to intensification of land use and climate change in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems wi  servation to better focus financial and human resources, and reshape, if necessary, conservatio
7711	5	the pac advance towards deregulation of agricultural markets and substitution of agricultural p  arkets and substitution of agricultural price supports by direct aid. criticized for its cost t  aries of the markets, the pac is on the hot seat. intensive production models, which has specia  opments planned, the orientation of the operating systems to the production of public goods tha  ciplinarity and european comparisons of operating systems and agricultural policies
14654	2	ments with the cuckoo and its host will take place in their natural habitat, and those with the  o and its host will take place in their natural habitat, and those with the pin-tailed whydah a
2526	7	ffects of petroleum hydrocarbons in the marine ecosystem. this allows for the simultaneous anal  of the combined impact of fisheries and petroleum industry activities on the marine ecosystem w  nd petroleum industry activities on the marine ecosystem with the potential to include other pe   experts in ecology, ecotoxicology, and risk assessment from 16 institutes and 8 nations. it is  om 16 institutes and 8 nations. it is a follow-up to an industry financed project to create the  uncil of norway, together with matching financial support from one end-user community, initiate  m one end-user community, initiates the first step of this three step process: system construct
7103	5	g on the organization and regulation of rural areas at the interface of biodiversity conservati   areas at the interface of biodiversity conservation issues and development of agriculture. the  e address the political, scientific and technological innovation process, paying particular att   working on the interaction between our social science research and management of wolf populati  g the issues of interaction between our social science research and management of wolf populati
10436	1	resources within the context of generic conceptual models for which new hypotheses have been de
2014	2	tropical forests are astonishingly rich in tree species  s. this may be inadequate, because most tropical forest tree species are dispersed by frugivoro
12348	2	with contaminated dredged material and educational campaign. to assess the current state of th  ntaminated dredged material and collate case studies of best practice. task: identify best prac
12611	4	he relative economic, environmental and social costs and benefits may or may not be suitable to  on contaminated land, rather than using heavy engineering solutions. for example, land use rest  avy engineering solutions. for example, land use restrictions might be applied to ensure a site  ded benefits in terms of costs or wider environmental impacts they could bring. this will be us
10622	3	produce or they can vary the amount of parental care they provide to the two sexes. research h  . research has focused on the amount of parental care parents provide to different sexed offspr   male and female parents adopt the same investment strategy.
11027	2	cing biotic response on a global scale. short term ecological data have only been accumulating   ng regional changes of modern caribbean coral reef systems.
11070	1	flux of carbon occurring directly from plant roots and indirectly from closely associated micr
10404	3	d the extent to which it is mediated by soil conditions, such as physical and chemical properti   a series of mesocosms in which defined plant communities of known genetic and species composit   - a natural and easily distinguishable carbon isotope - to enable us to quantify the amount of
7534	1	uences to deduce apparentements between host plants. the phylogeny of the sequences present in
7381	1	he role of transposable elements in the genetic diversity of maize and its evolution will be ev
7414	2	eral decades, a significant decrease in pollinating insects is observed. the honeybee is partic   essential to maintaining the bee. this research project proposes firstly to diagnose spatiotem
12758	1	improve the conservation status of the hen harrier in the english uplands
12714	3	be managed for defra by the sustainable development programme officer based in the embassy in b  f the brazilian protected areas for the national economy in order to help better integrating co   brazilian government to understand the economic benefits of investing in the establishment of
14639	1	in-protein interactions in the proposed experimental models in relation to their influence in t
12720	1	ssment of the condition of biodiversity action plan priority woodland sites and annex 1 types a
15224	3	d in subsequent years for this or other research groups. finally, provide a comprehensive annex  ensive annex of recommended methods for population control, in detail in reference to food habi  o food habits of each species, types of life cycles . in this connection, it will generate a bi
14888	2	he named inhalants or aeroallergens, as pollen grains, fungi spores, mites of the dust or feath  y by scanning electronic microscope the pollen grains and other particles present in the sample
15483	8	our understanding of evolution through natural selection and it is a much debated topic in evo  ction and it is a much debated topic in evolutionary biology. cooperative breeding occurs when   litate other forms of cooperation among group members that may in turn boost the benefits of gr  ial relationships and cooperation among group members outside the context of breeding has been    on several forms of cooperation in the carrion crow corvus corone, where helping behaviour at   the nest has been deeply studied by our research group in the last few years. this project will   over competition in several aspects of social life in the crows. specifically, we will test wh  ehaviour during foraging and the use of alarm calls to warn other individuals about possible da
11322	1	e activities than others answering this intriguing question is one of the key challenges facing
11144	8	a fundamental and persistent problem in evolutionary biology. natural selection is expected to   istent problem in evolutionary biology. natural selection is expected to select for selfish beh  er and to do less themselves. hence, in social groups, cooperative behaviour will be vulnerable   such as fish stocks or failure to curb carbon emissions are obvious examples. an extensive the  ent. 2. when individuals must achieve a good reputation through cooperation in order to maximis  weaver of southern africa to test these alternative hypotheses for resolution of a tragedy of t  d most importantly, this study will use field observations and experiments to test whether a tr  tudy will have broad relevance across a wide range of disciplines.
10315	13	ich could potentially replace dwindling fish catches elsewhere. it helps stabilise the global c  tches elsewhere. it helps stabilise the global climate by absorbing greenhouse gases and it sup  abilise the global climate by absorbing greenhouse gases and it supplies some of the key nutrie  e is strong evidence that risk posed by climate change is more severe and imminent for the sout  n ocean ecosystem than almost any other marine ecosystem. this threatens the ecosystem s abilit   benefits it provides. this requires an international effort to bring together scientists with   ping closer coordination with other key international bodies. activities addressing the second   f knowledge on environmental change and biological responses, and produce initial projections o   and produce initial projections of the biological response to climate change. the second works  ojections of the biological response to climate change. the second workshop, for which we are r  efforts to predict how the structure of food webs responds to change and produce projections of  o change and produce projections of how food webs might change in future. these workshops shoul  nable fisheries management. we are at a critical point in the development of iced, where we nee
7453	3	onmental limits of microbial, plant and animal life and the novel strategies employed for survi  ing the possibilities for life on other planetary bodies. these environments are also a rich so  dialogue with other science areas, with funding agencies, with industrial groups and with inter
7515	1	pulations of dusky groupers, iconic and endangered species of the mediterranean, in a dual obje
13821	3	as are developed further in a series of experimental studies on young brown trout and salmon. p  series of experimental studies on young brown trout and salmon. part 1: we investigate how fami  ed in simple habitats will show reduced brain development, lower capacity to perform complex fo
11587	3	ystems . this project also represents a unique opportunity, to more fully utilise a nerc oceans  ogram with the additional collection of acoustic sonar backscatter, visual observations of seab  er, visual observations of seabirds and marine mammals, vocalisations of cetaceans, fishery obs
11564	2	nificantly affected by local and global human activities into biodiversity-ecosystem functionin  o biodiversity-ecosystem functioning in marine sediments.
2483	16	tropical coral reefs are the most diverse and complex marine hab   reefs are the most diverse and complex marine habitats on earth. no other environment is host   e time, biological knowledge about most coral reef fishes is scant. this is unfortunate, especi  , biological knowledge about most coral reef fishes is scant. this is unfortunate, especially i  ght of the fact that 60% of the world's coral reefs are at risk from human activity. we current  he world's coral reefs are at risk from human activity. we currently do not understand why cora  ity. we currently do not understand why coral reef fishes are typically so colourful. tradition  e currently do not understand why coral reef fishes are typically so colourful. traditionally,   . traditionally, the view has been that reef fish colours are selected mainly for species recog   groups, has largely been neglected for coral reef fishes. unlike species recognition and other  s, has largely been neglected for coral reef fishes. unlike species recognition and other hypot  t will test these ideas, by integrating field studies, laboratory experiments, and comparative   se ideas, by integrating field studies, laboratory experiments, and comparative analyses. the p   marine fishes, australian expertise in reef fish ecology and physiology, and british expertise  work will be conducted at lizard island research station, australia, using the black-and-gold c  and on published data, covering several reef fish taxa, and will have its base at imperial coll
13407	1	rent regions of turkey and they send to gene bank of turkey.
10653	3	lies are an intriguing study object for evolutionary biology, because unrelated lineages have a   studies it is well known that a single genetic locus controls the expression of different morp  rol functions on a molecular level. the first step is to obtain more information about the regu
11274	4	the vertebrate inner ear is a complex structure that incorporates the   ing of an organism: unsurprisingly, the inner ears of living vertebrates have been studied inte   have been investigated thoroughly. the soft tissues are housed in bony structures that form pa  nt of new anatomical information on the inner ears of living reptiles and birds, which will be
10073	5	ly associated. a classic example is the trade-off between reproduction and longevity in fruitfl  ction and longevity in fruitflies. this trade-off is thought to exist because food resources ar   the mechanisms underlying life-history trade-offs in male and female fruitflies. the recent re   nerc s remit in promoting high quality basic research and training. the research will be based  cale. the outputs will be high quality, basic research, dissemination of the results and resear
10635	11	ring adulthood. in species that provide parental care offspring are usually reared together in   velopment takes place. however, because parental care is costly to parents , which affects the   e-history traits and behaviours such as growth rates, clutch size, sexual attractiveness and be  ich is determined by the relatedness of family members and the availability of key resources in  sequences of conflict. previous work on zebra finches by the author showed that, although recei  tress, which occurs when high levels of free radicals, which are by-products of normal metaboli  high levels of free radicals, which are by-products of normal metabolic processes, cause damage  tection against the damaging effects of free radicals. an important component of total antioxid  antioxidant availability determines the trade-off between self-maintenance and investment in gr  cted at the institute of biological and life sciences at the university of glasgow, using zebra  ces at the university of glasgow, using zebra finches taeniopygia guttata as a model species.
10229	4	ness as adults. in species that provide parental care dependent young are often reared together  h and development takes place. however, parental care is costly and parents often initially ove  e supply of parental investment amongst family members. the amount of resources provided by par  mprove environment through compensatory resource allocation this work will highlight key select
178	2	a is oxidative stress accompanied with immune responses energetically costly, b is oxidative s  duction is responsible for the costs of immune response, d whether and how oxidative stress aff
11436	1	t the maintenance and activation of the immune system is costly. however, recent studies sugges
12598	3	ver materials has almost ceased but the growing media industry is still heavily dependent on pe  by the industry to move to reduced peat growing media and peat-free formulations where possible  within the industry will be approached: growing media manufacturers, retailers . the informatio
12667	7	assessment of the status, condition and long term trends in broad habitats, landscape features,   component of the evidence base for the natural resource protection programme and supports poli  ustainable development, uk biodiversity action plan, cap reform, agri-environment schemes, envi  , cap reform, agri-environment schemes, environmental impact assessment, air pollution impacts,  hemes, environmental impact assessment, air pollution impacts, water framework directive, soil    framework directive, soil strategy and climate change programme. new methods of data collectio  limate change programme. new methods of data collection and analysis will be developed and appl
10042	3	y important species and assume that the conservation measures also protect other components of   es that many species can complete their life cycle in the area preserved. an alternative paradi  are subject to management intervention. coral reefs of the western atlantic provide an exceptio
7195	3	fication and abandonment, have led to a significant change in biodiversity, common bird populat  nificant change in biodiversity, common bird populations are particularly affected. this erosio  ractions between types and intensity of farming practices and abundance of common birds are com
10726	8	brought to the attention of the world s scientific community only two years after publication o  ng approach. in some respects we know a good deal about archaeopteryx. it is the most basal bir  l, wings with asymmetrical, aerodynamic flight feathers but clawed hands, an elongated tail and  p, or did it live in the trees could it run up tree trunks flapping its wings like partridges d  id it live in the trees could it run up tree trunks flapping its wings like partridges do are c   its feeding behaviour, ecology and the selective pressures driving cranial evolution. the aim   y of cranial bone, force exerted by the adductor muscles and use ct scans to accurately reconst  sulting information can be used to make extinct animal fe-models as rigorous as possible based
7495	1	e a microbial observatory mediterranean north-west, a collection of microorganisms and a databa
14427	5	animal experiments are essential part of modern biomedi   public preasure for humane tratment of laboratory animals, governmental regulations and the es  es and technology the use of animals in biomedical research is expected to grow and reach 100.0  esearchers from medical, veterinary and biological research institutions the opportunity to per  opportunity to perform state-of-the-art animal experiments. further if funded this project shal
10508	1	nomists and taxonomy end-users from the natural history museum, royal botanic gardens kew and i
10509	1	nomists and taxonomy end-users from the natural history museum, royal botanic gardens kew and i
10706	1	nomists and taxonomy end-users from the natural history museum, royal botanic gardens kew and i
11007	1	nomists and taxonomy end-users from the natural history museum, royal botanic gardens kew and i
515	4	r research aims to understand how these control mechanisms for a wolf population in france conn  the interaction between our research in social sciences and the managers of wolf populations, a  ction questions between our research in social sciences and the management of wolf populations   anagement of wolf populations is a very important element in our approach. the aim is to experi
229	1	ater properties compile sd handbook and training courses. the new sd is result of cooperation o
11455	2	to nanomicron scale, and by controlled laboratory experiments. the final objective is to explo  on mars: rounded pebbles plus iron rich mineral phases, laid down in a high-energy, poorly-oxyg
1927	1	etermine the potential for manipulating crop diversity as a means of introducing antagonistic m
6895	5	h mutant have recently been reported as live vaccines capable of eliciting an efficient immune   cines capable of eliciting an efficient immune response against not only the homologous, but he  equently, antigenity of conserved outer membrane proteins is elevated resulting in the producti  encoding lps-synthesis as well as their gene products are well characterized, we aim to constru  be selected and further investigated as live vaccine candidates.
444	1	atic grid made of 15500 2x2 km squares. biodiversity indicators were provided by the french bre
7160	4	a such as the opening of the landscape, urban sprawl of the agricultural landscape, agricultura  namic data confrontation regarding both bird populations and land use structures will make proj  ion regarding both bird populations and land use structures will make projections to assess the   projections under scenarios of various urban development. the same type of approach will be us
10239	1	s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by
10748	1	s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by
10750	1	s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by
11717	1	s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by
11036	5	. although these countries do have vast oil reserves . the objective of this research is to und  tively significant in the conversion of crude oil to methane and what factors dictate their act  n to assess the geochemical controls on crude oil biodegradation in petroleum reservoirs on geo  ey can convert oil to methane and other end products, information that can ultimately be used t  ely be used to predict the behaviour of crude oil in a range of environments.
11337	5	crab gecarcoidea natalis is an endemic land crab on christmas island determining the role of m  ormone physiology to field ecology. the molecular biology will be related through field work to  lecular biology will be related through field work to the natural circumstances and behaviour.   alue. they are a primary determinant of rain forest structure and crucial in post-mining rehabi  d and its economy. through liaison with national parks this project will continue our input int
10138	2	ices. the basal regions of glaciers and ice sheets are a prime example of such environments. he   autonomous sensing platform for a deep ice sheet deployment.
7506	1	unicellular algae play a vital role in the ecology of the planet, and, due to th
14950	4	aggregate of ursus arctos in the world. germplasm banks could be a solution for species surviva  shment, sperm cryopreservation plays an important role. thus, we propose the development and va  idation of an effective methodology for brown bear sperm cryopreservation. the assisted reprodu  r the correct sperm cryopreservation in brown bear ejaculates. first of all, we propose the eva
7539	1	nd the location of mother plants on the survival rate of latent buds cryopreserved
9867	2	a good model system for studying these evolutionary processes in the wild. the cuckoo is a fam  ch will improve our understanding of co-evolutionary processes, revealing how adaptations at on
10593	2	ween species often involve evolutionary arms races, eg. improvements in strategies of attack by  o is a famous cheat: it relies on other bird species learning by cuckoos: we have discovered th
10059	7	s arise during evolution is currently a hot topic in biology. in particular, there is great int  ticular, there is great interest in the genetic changes that underlie adaptations. this is impo  e, this is a very favourable system for genetic analysis since the genetic basis of the skin co  well understood in vertebrates. in this pilot study we propose to use next-generation sequencin  olour variation based on differences in gene expression and sequence variation. the identificat  quence variation. the identification of strong candidate loci for the coloration difference whi  at use to the considerable community of evolutionary biologists working on cuckoos. we will als
2473	7	al interest since they are used against gastric ulcer in mali and they form parts of formulatio  of formulations frequently used against gastric ulcer registered as improved traditional medici  st gastric ulcer registered as improved traditional medicines a large proportion of the populat   ailment, and it is of interest for the health department of mali, with department of tradition   department of mali, with department of traditional medicine as the active part, to ensure avai  s based on the malian resources against gastric ulcer. the main objectives are structure/activi  m malian anti-ulcer plants coupled with animal studies of the bioactive polymers and cultivatio
11387	2	norfolk broads saw a shift from a clear water system dominated by charophytes, macrophytes and   cological benefit and design options. a risk assessment will be made relating to the spreading
2542	5	and actions of different stakeholders - local populations, governments, local authorities and e  lders - local populations, governments, local authorities and environmental ngos . using long-t  munities in northern norway to tropical rain forests, from savannahs and mountain pastures to i  tain pastures to industrial farming and urban sprawls in order to ascertain how people diagnose  lytic approach will address a number of central issues in recent debates in environmental anthr
12200	1	with existing landscape monitoring and research projects vi.be consistent with the european la
15522	3	and net primary production at a higher spatial resolution requires knowledge of the factors wh  e to reduced water availability owed to global warming, which is further enhanced by increased   e stand level due to the recent lack of forest management. specifically, the four objectives of
15056	1	of biofilms from rivers, through three different approaches: to analyze the cyanobacterial bio
9908	2	ta suggests that horizontal transfer of genetic information is important both in the generation   the generation and maintenance of this genetic diversity. we have also shown that about 60% of
13792	2	or cell respiration, the main source of energy production in eukaryotes. selection is strong fo  nderstanding reproductive isolation and genetic diversity in natural populations.
13316	5	tions, and warn of new sightings; and c risk assessments that predict the likelihood of a parti  on. such a programmes should provide: a warning system to alert regional managers an inventory    europe european invasive alien species information system: descriptions of all naturalized ali   known to be invasive in europe species distribution maps and spatial analysis: distribution ma  distribution maps and spatial analysis: distribution maps of all invasive alien species in euro
10304	3	ely increased volume of data across the biological sciences, including on the biology of organi  of genes is generated by well-resourced research communities. if we want to study the genetics   ree nerc-funded projects. combining the data analyses from these separate projects is an effici
12565	2	th the aim of developing an appropriate research programme to quantify the effects in salmonid   ntify the effects in salmonid and other freshwater fish populations.
11038	3	raceae family into a publicly available online resource for the asteraceae research community.   able online resource for the asteraceae research community. this will add around 11,000 sequenc  mmonality/divergence between asteraceae family members.
10947	2	t the embryo and juvenile stages of the life cycle using an observational and hypothesis testin  ome sequence to identify orthologues of gene loci involved in muscle growth in mammals. computa
12253	1	more readily known and available to the research community for possible additional uses.
12237	8	n and flexibility necessary to inform a wide range of policy questions now and for the future.   d pest levels and agronomic practice in winter wheat and winter oilseed rape. the databases gen  mic practice in winter wheat and winter oilseed rape. the databases generated currently hold up  ence of pests and diseases on wheat and oilseed rape. the monitoring initiatives will be contin  istically robust source of evidence for policy making which aims to mitigate the impacts of cro   key resource for monitoring impacts of climate change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator  continue existing collaborations with a wide range of defra and levy funded research and indust  mples or data to support monitoring for food safety, development and validation of models for d
12427	2	raining will provide a high standard of data collection, the development of a new database will  roject will enable the mcs to carry out data collection independently, to a higher quality and
11150	3	radiocarbon dating replaced them, and the age of the ea   thought by many to be made by incoming modern humans, are three such problems. we aim to contr  ncluding human bone, cutmarked bone and diagnostic tools and ornaments. the sites come from ger
10302	10	cave art is one of the few sources of archaeological in  to discussions of cultural responses to climate change. while its specific meaning will probabl  one of the core regions of palaeolithic cave paintings and engravings, the iberian peninsula. t  sed pigments, and the majority of early rock paintings are either engravings with no pigments,   gs are directly on, or are overlain by, calcium carbonate deposits similar to stalagmites and s  at measures the ratio of uranium to its radioactive decay product thorium. thus a minimum or ma  ecay product thorium. thus a minimum or maximum age can be calculated for the art, and by measu  itions from warm to cold periods in the run up to the last glacial maximum have been revealed b  t glacial maximum have been revealed by marine sediment and ice cores. we will compare the freq   hypothesis that the intensification of artistic expression in caves was a social response to a
9928	3	t internal nodes. this may represent an adaptive radiation prompted by the key innovation of pl  bilities presented by the appearance of major orders of core eudicots in the mid to late cretac  l then allow us to explore the possible evolutionary processes involved. gene sequence data are
11681	2	hominid found in africa and became the type specimen of australopithecus africanus. mining act  ca, thereby improving the chronology of human evolution in africa, and the methods will be refi
13788	7	forest management and fire suppression cause significan  t management and fire suppression cause significant changes in the chemical and structural prop  hanges in deadwood properties may imply significant changes in its decomposition rate, which af  ich affects the total co2 emission from forest ecosystems. in fact, preliminary studies suggest  s that are rare or declining in managed boreal forests, and whether forestry-induced changes in  elevance for carbon dynamics in managed boreal forests, and may increase our understanding of w  ervation, management and restoration of boreal forests.
10172	1	preserved to provide information about plant communities from the past, however, under some ci
11080	7	has a large random component. firstly, genetic diversity present within an ancestral species i  mescales, such indirect inferences from genomic data are often the only way to study the proces  ure and geographic separation. finally, gene flow or introgression between nascent species may   ng time and the amount and direction of gene flow between them directly and exactly from genomi   between them directly and exactly from genomic data. these methods will be applied to genomic    data. these methods will be applied to genomic data from three island species of drosophila: d  articular, we do not know how important gene flow during or after divergence has been. the new
10646	6	ends in climate variability and to test climate models used to predict future climate change. d  t climate models used to predict future climate change. detailed reconstruction of lead-lag rel  links between regions in the context of global climate change. here we use an annually laminate  etween regions in the context of global climate change. here we use an annually laminated sedim  examine timings and rates of key abrupt climate changes across the lateglacial and early holoce  significant interest and benefit to the scientific community of geologists and climatologists.
13856	7	fluence both in regulating contemporary bird populations and in determining avian life history   rd populations and in determining avian life history variation between species. however, nest p  ong influence on bird numbers and avian life history evolution. rapid changes of predation rate  pulations of willow- parus montanus and crested tits parus cristatus. in general, however, the   linking predation and habitat change to population dynamics remain to be understood. in this pr  st sites, predator protective cover and food supply through forest thinning for reproductive su  s context, i will explore the effect of life history traits on the ability of individuals among
11823	9	elopment, is pivotal to unravelling the evolutionary history of animals, and how changes to pat   of embryological data preserved in the fossil record. the outlook for evolutionary biology and  d in the fossil record. the outlook for evolutionary biology and for palaeontology was changed   l evolution at this critical episode of evolutionary history, but it is largely unrealised beca  ssils will be aided by analysis using a high resolution version of a medical ct scanner, which   dical ct scanner, which is powered by a particle accelerator and allows us to analyse the 3d an   internal structure, based on a virtual computer model. this allows us to analyse details of an  h of a millimetre, revealing details of cell movements and even sub-cellular structure that are  tal and most-debated episodes in animal evolutionary history: the establishment of the modern a
1993	13	recent climate warming has been shown to advance the seasonal   shown to advance the seasonal timing of life cycle events, such as budding of trees and egg lay   decoupling of trophic relationships in food webs and subsequent cascading effects on community   community structure. for the timing of life cycle events, such as emergence, moulting and sexu  ment for their reproduction and growth. climate warming may change the validity of the proxies   production and growth 2 could projected climate warming invalidate the use of these proxies and  eractions 3 can adaptation to projected climate warming maintain or restore trophic interaction   restore trophic interactions the short generation time of the aquatic species and the availabi  tcome of our studies will be useful for decision makers, as it contributes to assessing the env  ers, as it contributes to assessing the environmental impact of projected climate change in aqu  g the environmental impact of projected climate change in aquatic systems. the anticipated resu  on the risk of cascading effects due to climate change and the potential for adaptation to rest  the potential for adaptation to restore food web links.
7302	3	s urgent the identification of the most endangered species and risk factors. island avifauna ha  tion of the most endangered species and risk factors. island avifauna have strongly suffered fr  ve strongly suffered from the impact of invasive species. this project, which includes the cons
12033	4	ity of chemosynthetic ecosystems in the deep ocean discovered since 1977, the ecosystems associ  reduced chemicals on oceanic ridges and continental margins are characterized by biological fea   geological corridors and frontiers, by current transport and the presence of transient habitat  presence of transient habitats, rich in organic matter relationships between trophic network co
12336	2	he deep-sea to assist in redefining the top levels of the eunis habitat classification scheme.    this work will aid the regional marine conservation zone projects in the identification of mcz
12464	2	ctivity is the operating economy of the fishing fleet and simultaneous minimisation of fishing    fleet and simultaneous minimisation of fishing fleet determined.
12465	1	ent objectives. it seeks to provide the decision maker with the information on which to base a
7677	10	ecome a high-profile debate amongst the international community, illustrating the difficulty in  measures for global fisheries. atlantic bluefin tuna are the archetype of overfishing and gener   characterize the majority of fisheries management problems: severe overcapacity, open access i  nagement problems: severe overcapacity, open access in international waters, high market value,  ms: severe overcapacity, open access in international waters, high market value, and deficient   en access in international waters, high market value, and deficient governance at both the inte  pment of several management options for bluefin tuna using classical and innovative techniques,  l be developed that simulates realistic population dynamics of bluefin tuna and several managem  ulates realistic population dynamics of bluefin tuna and several management options developed p   sustainable exploitation of a valuable natural resource.
1952	6	function of incubation behavior in the great tit, with the aim to integrate this knowledge in   ch is to link behavioral decisions on a short time base to the time budget, the energy balance   short time base to the time budget, the energy balance and fitness consequences. we will 1 expe  ubation in a latitudinal range of other great tit populations. to achieve this goal we will use  f incubation both using measurements of oxygen consumption, doubly labeled water and a heated a  y labeled water and a heated artificial brood patch. experimental manipulation of the thermal e
11217	2	in environments, may have a distinctive base composition. are often carried on mobile genetic e  omposition. are often carried on mobile genetic elements, and may be more readily transferred b
11192	1	st, or is a hindrance by exposing it to solar radiation when it has left the insect. utilising
11440	16	is event is known as the permo-triassic mass extinction and was the greatest calamity that ever  that ever befell life on this planet. a wide range of theories have been put forward to explain  n that an unusually large outpouring of volcanic rock, called the siberian traps occurred at al  of large volumes of gases, particularly sulphur dioxide. the other well-documented event that c  ides with the extinction is the loss of dissolved oxygen from the ocean. it is bacteria that ca  e in oxygen as they use it to decompose organic matter and when the oxygen supply in the water   o decompose organic matter and when the oxygen supply in the water runs out other types of bact   of these sulphate-reducing bacteria is hydrogen sulphide, the smelly gas also produced in rott  ans dropped drastically just before the mass extinction whilst the amount of hydrogen sulphide   he mass extinction whilst the amount of hydrogen sulphide rose dramatically. this was converted   mixing of the oceans may have released hydrogen sulphide to the atmosphere. both sulphur dioxi  drogen sulphide to the atmosphere. both sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide can produce harmf  he atmosphere. both sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide can produce harmful effects on plants  oxide and hydrogen sulphide can produce harmful effects on plants and animals, either indirectl  hur was around, prior to and during the mass extinction event. we will also measure its stable   bacterial sources. when compared to the fossil record of plants and animals also present in the
12682	1	to provide an agreed definition of this habitat type to aid ‘identification on the ground’; det
7638	1	of viable populations in the short and long term, ii adapt them if necessary, iii initiate the
11739	2	ron backscatter diffraction, a scanning electron microscope based method that allows quantitati  data from experimental calibrations and field studies to constrain the conditions and rates of
12246	3	oilseed rape to the osr r&d and breeding community, tog   associated information to enable rapid genetic analysis of sustainability traits. 4. to charac  ctions in the context of adaptations to climate change and model predicted
12264	1	vement network will be established, and genetic maps established for pulse crop species.
12637	4	ill be assessed within the soil natural capital stocks and soil ecosystem services framework, a  h half of england’s farmers having seen soil erosion on their land, which costs british agricul  annually to the cost of supplying clean drinking water to our homes. moreover, the annual cost   nking water to our homes. moreover, the annual cost of flooding due to soil degradation has bee
11113	5	degradation of complex dissolved organic matter . this project will elucidate changes in  accharide composition during sequential organic matter breakdown. in this context the role of p  to biodegradation and biavailability of organic matter. the results of this research project wi   of organic matter. the results of this research project will benefit scientists investigating   iety, pressure of coastal resources and climate change.
164	1	natural environmental factors . all these systems will be analy
12222	3	processes, which focus on rationalising pesticide use and minimising diffuse pollution. the fir  e: weed manager, wheat disease manager, oilseed rape manager - pests and diseases. the decision  that requires member states to set up a comprehensive system for advising farmers on land and f
11328	1	glaciers and ice sheets are one of the least explored parts of the e
11594	1	glaciers and ice sheets are one of the least explored parts of the e
12449	2	tive: determine the stages in the early life history during which cod and haddock suffer differ  with mortality at early stages plays an important role in controlling the recovery potential of
14598	5	chromosomal markers in combination with capillary electrophoresis. this is a methodological str   economically viable for application in human population studies. its application in the analys  types from strs-snps is examined. these high resolution haplotypes were defined after the combi  spain, and is presented as an extensive pilot study which may be applied to other human populat  lot study which may be applied to other human populations. the main objective of this study was
7514	1	n the pre- breeding devices maintaining genetic diversity, changes in selected character and im
15106	1	s one of the underlying factors driving plant evolution in mediterranean-type ecosystems. in th
15107	1	s one of the underlying factors driving plant evolution in mediterranean-type ecosystems. in th
15490	1	andard of results dissemination through scientific journals, presentations at congresses and co
541	6	d the way environmental variability and climate change have affected and will affect ecosystems  ogether french researchers working with long term data collected on individually marked animals   marked animals to study the effects of climate change on a range of vertebrate populations and  ogists, organise a workshop and support field studies. several analyses on a series of vertebra  le and small-scale climatic factors and population dynamics. in addition the climpop group has    a major methodological paper reviewing statistical models and procedures to study the influenc
7126	8	pop aircon working group brings together several french teams with  r vertebrates living in terrestrial and marine environments. the goal is to bring these teams o  sis to compare the potential effects of climate change on vertebrates with contrasting life his   change on vertebrates with contrasting life history traits and live in environments different.  ents different. as part of the call for research proposals of the ifb we want to answer two que  r groups are more likely than others to climate change according to their population strategy,   ops that will bring together the entire air conditioning pop group and the best european specia  ng together the entire air conditioning pop group and the best european specialists
7187	1	rance specific or special adaptation of life history traits, also remains capable of establishi
15160	2	many spanish research groups have used demographic and population mo  nt biological models and with different scientific questions. the project is based then on thre
2118	2	socio-economically important non-timber tropical forest products – the brazil nut. these nuts a  chanisms of brazil nut regeneration and population dynamics under natural conditions. this will
14578	3	of the present project is to study the population dynamics of the brown seaweed fucus serratus  ll compare the vital rates of different local populations along the distributional range of fuc  anish shores . additionally, a study of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of popula
15197	10	the nesting beaches of the loggerhead sea turtle caretta caretta in the north atlantic can be   in three units precisely identified by genetic markers: north-america and the caribbean, cape   e juvenile foraging grounds. loggerhead sea turtles are highly vulnerable to incidental catch i  ng pressure and the juvenile loggerhead sea turtles occurring in the mediterranean have a much    mediterranean have a much lower annual survival rate that those inhabiting the atlantic. the h  e western mediterranean and the spanish fishing fleet is known to be the main responsible for t  hat fishing effort. recent studies with genetic markers have demonstrated that large numbers of  trated that large numbers of loggerhead sea turtles from florida occur in the fishing grounds u  d sea turtles from florida occur in the fishing grounds used by the spanish long-line fleet in   release rate of mortality of loggerhead sea turtles in the western mediterranean is 30%, but th
1990	5	man society with high costs in terms of public health and in damage to agricultural crops. over  r 60 years ago haldane pointed out that infectious diseases have the capacity to bring about ra   have the capacity to bring about rapid evolutionary change and genetic polymorphism of affecte  l conditions are rare, even exceptional gene flow from the lake sediment. temperature in the la   fungus, and this in itself could steer clonal selection. a large viable population of host dia
12772	3	ents and contaminants responsible for a wide range of off-site environmental problems in aquati  esponsible for a wide range of off-site environmental problems in aquatic habitats. it is there  concomitant need to off-set the loss of set-aside, as well as the need to support policy on agr
11651	3	the negative relationship between population growth rate that concave-up relationships be  egative relationship between population growth rate that concave-up relationships between pgr a  ity are to be expected for species with life histories like those of fish and insects, concave-
2094	2	e of populations and hence the units of population dynamics. however, the mechanism behind and   e evaluated against a third large-scale field study that examine the importance of local vs. po
7672	2	the world wide population will live in urban areas. while public, urban plannings are per se p  will live in urban areas. while public, urban plannings are per se predictable; their consequen
15511	1	aim of this proposal is to describe the signaling pathways that regulate the formation of body
10764	3	ramics dating from the neolithic to the iron age is changing our perception of the origins of d  f ancient proteins on both ceramics and stone tools. we are increasingly using analytical scien   of sites and periods from neolithic to iron age.
7105	3	blic action in favor of biodiversity in rural areas is part of the issues identified in 1992 by  al, strategies, systems, regulatory and financial instruments were broken down. since 2005, the  . since 2005, the national biodiversity strategy calls for accelerating the process, with a com
7706	3	of european agriculture is to reconcile agricultural production for various uses with respect f  ut above that of pesticides. . finally, production costs will be analyzed in the same way that   y and agroecology three institutions of higher education in agronomy and agriculture toulouse,
12626	16	soil erosion in england and wales was not considered to  d and wales was not considered to be an environmental problem until the 1970s. since then, a si   problem until the 1970s. since then, a significant amount of research has been conducted at a   unt of research has been conducted at a wide range of locations in england and wales to quantif  f these studies underline the fact that soil erosion rates may not be high, the consensus in th  the consensus in the literature is that soil erosion in england and wales often occurs at an ac  ent techniques have been used to assess soil erosion in england and wales. these include: direc   of erosion features through surveying, remote sensing and aerial photography of the extent of    catchments to observe erosion, tracing soil erosion using geochemical and radionuclide analysi  ia detailed monitoring studies on small catchment areas. what is now required is a synthesis of  hesis of all the information describing soil erosion in england and wales and a framework that    objectives to improve understanding of soil erosion in england and wales and to develop a way   and to develop a way forward to monitor soil erosion. objective one will be to deliver an in-de  y world-leading experts in the field of soil erosion, who have already contributed dozens of re  ed dozens of research papers describing soil erosion in england and wales to the research liter  a consensus as to how we should monitor soil erosion in the future. objective two will bring to
12586	3	itoring information is required to help policy makers understand the current state of the envir  to show how we are meeting national and international laws and agreements for protection the en  t and implementation of future soil and environmental policy by providing evidence on the state
12401	3	rioritise key ecosystem services in the marine environment and identify associated drivers for   most likely changes in the state of the marine environment on an annual or 5-yearly basis up to  arly basis up to 2030 starting from the base year 2007/08.  objective 5 – describe a framework/
12770	1	ction 78 of the natural environment and rural communities act 2006 defra authorises natural eng
11563	5	everything that we consume leaves a chemical signal in our bones, which is a record of what  an use this signal in the bones of past human populations to find out about their dietary habit  h or stress, can subtly influence these chemical signals, known as stable isotopic values. in p  . we will test our hypothesis on modern red deer, using a population in which we have already s  rogen isotopic values in archaeological human populations could relate to pregnancy/lactation r
10861	3	decay columns develop in less that one growing season. these decay columns are much longer tha   but only develop overtly when the high water content is removed. we want to test the hypothesi   method of placing wood chips onto agar culture media, presumably because propagules have not b
11190	1	ns of the oceans using high performance-liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation - mass sp
14906	4	n that facilitates the contamination of drinking water and food. the aims of the present resear  water and food. the aims of the present research project are to detect and molecular characteri  a of galicia, in order to determine the host range, the existence of new or previously describe   and their possible repercussion in the public health.
15202	2	nile state, the introduction of massive date palm to the canarian archipelago, and a poor manag  m. besides, there are not studies about gene flow within or among natural populations, as well
15460	3	acrididae. our aim is 1 to analyse the genetic diversity in relation to population size and vi  o deep into the effects of dispersal on genetic diversity and recovery of populations 3 to reco  phenotypic variation in relation to the genetic diversity of populations. our intention is to d
15128	3	accelerated climate change and other important environmental change  system is one of the most vulnerable to climate change. the purpose of this project is to study  ell as their relevance as a response to climate change; and 4 identify phenological, physiologi
14162	9	unexplained. due to their diversity of life history strategies, exploited ecological niches an  y of life history strategies, exploited ecological niches and relative ease of achieving high s   melanin based defences in insects: the immune system and protective colouration which are link  . phenoloxidase is involved in cellular immune responses and cuticular melanin synthesis and th  is hypothesized to be caused by various trade-offs due to the multiple roles of melanins, n-lim  factor which may affect investment into immune system could be the cleanness of the food - e.g.  or never been used in this context. the trade-off hypothesis will be tested by a rearing experi  e tested by a rearing experiment with a half-sib design which allows to estimate genetic correl  y due to the increasing availability of phylogenetic trees. the hemolymph samples for immune as
11605	2	female mating rate lies at the heart of evolutionary biology, as it determines the intensity of   of sexual selection and the pattern of gene flow within and between populations. this project
9810	2	female mating rate lies at the heart of evolutionary biology, as it determines the intensity of   of sexual selection and the pattern of gene flow within and between populations. this project
15519	3	the questions addressed by ecology and evolutionary biology require a good understanding of sp  logy and evolutionary biology require a good understanding of species dispersal patterns. much    scenarios. in this proposal we use the common vole .
14538	7	layers carried out by roots may have an important role in arid ecosystems where water is a limi  ibution can be upwards , soil type, the organic matter content, the depth of water table, as we  he organic matter content, the depth of water table, as well as the type of species, functional  nd the growth season, and influence the water balance of other species. we propose carrying out  cies. we propose carrying out field and laboratory experiments, using remote sensing and geogra  field and laboratory experiments, using remote sensing and geographic information systems to an  ts, using remote sensing and geographic information systems to analyse mechanisms of hydraulic
13375	1	sistant species collected from zinc and lead mine and smelting areas were tested under growth c
13428	1	in this study commercial sea cucumber stock will be investigated between ayvalık
10968	1	n zooplankton production, examining how climate change may alter secondary production. although
10390	1	thropogenic activities have resulted in significant changes to the hydromorphology following th
11749	1	like single-celled organisms and to the physical oceanography of the region. this proposal for
12265	3	of this comes from fermentation in the digestive tracts of animals, especially ruminants, and    around 20% from anaerobic digestion in liquid manure. there are essentially three routes throu  cting key stakeholders with private and public interests in ruminant livestock breeding - could
2536	4	e oceans, or penguins marching to their breeding grounds. swarms have marveled humans since daw  her than experiments. this is changing. new technologies allow for tracking individuals, and re  ective behavior repeatedly emerges from natural selection. collective behavior is central to su   example our understanding of migrating cancer cells, management of fish populations, or herd m
12369	1	mation to enable defra to determine the economic costs and benefits to industry, regulators and
10952	3	viruses are the most abundant biological agents in aquatic environments and possibly   n the planet. algal viruses have a long evolutionary history; consequently, algal virus specifi  ry; consequently, algal virus specified biochemical pathways and processes might represent extr
12762	1	t they are an essential tool needed for pest control. previous investigations into snare use .
10837	4	many offspring to produce and how much parental care to give, the sexes instead often disagree  tead often disagree, and try to exploit one another for their own ends. examples of this sexual  ng best suits males, as they provide no parental care and thus each extra mating results in the  les and benefits males and is the first gene product shown to underlie sexual conflict in any s
10329	4	theory predicts that the shape of trade-off curves are, in addition to the magnitude of t  f extreme types. measuring the shape of trade-off relationships directly is therefore crucial b  ource levels. we have also demonstrated genetic variation for resistance, a response to selecti  e to measure the shape of the genotypic trade-off curve for resistance through selection in dif
11509	1	se strains are also efficacious against insect pests. two independent consultants have establis
11813	4	ith unprecedented large sample sizes or research groups in developing countries to carry out la  arge sample sizes or research groups in developing countries to carry out large scale tracking   fish. indeed, in the current context of climate change and overfishing, coastal seas are threat   needed for the effective management of marine ecosystems.
10770	2	dictates the content in the atmospheric carbon dioxide, which has implication on the climate on   the oceanic carbonate system to future climate changes because the behaviour of the surface oc
10565	3	their environments and, in the case of disease transmission, important for developing preventa  he problem by building state-of-the-art computer models to simulate and test different network   e a robust quantitative methodology for data collection.
12651	1	the harvest of huntable birds and other bird species in the uk using data collected under exist
12543	1	an make them difficult to detect; short generation times result in rapid population increases a
12765	15	o facilitate the regional management of wild boar by providing local communities with advice an  nd guidance on methods to control human-wild boar conflicts. worldwide, wild boar are associate  l human-wild boar conflicts. worldwide, wild boar are associated with damage to crops, substant  ial reduction of abundance of plant and animal species, spread of diseases, damage to livestock  ehicle collisions. recently established wild boar populations in england are still localised an  ndance and to detect range expansion of wild boar, evaluate a method to mitigate the impact of   uate a method to mitigate the impact of wild boar and to develop methods to evaluate the impact  velop methods to evaluate the impact of wild boar on the biodiversity of woodland habitats and   ce, colonisation and range expansion by wild boar and to monitor wild boar population density,   e expansion by wild boar and to monitor wild boar population density, size and change.the study  the study will also assess the relative cost-effectiveness of each of the methods and their sui  e risks associated with the presence of wild boar and by implementing methods to mitigate their  nsure that potential, large-scale human-wild boar conflicts are prevented or contained before t  rm to oversee the implementation of the action plan to manage wild boar in the uk.   ementation of the action plan to manage wild boar in the uk.
12386	2	al commitments. since early 2006 the uk government departments and agencies have adopted a new   s to undertake this study and produce a first draft of a fit for purpose marine monitoring manu
12380	1	a wider understanding of the health of marine ecosystems in relation to natural and anthropoge
10173	3	eases fitness. in the common buzzard, a balanced polymorphism maintains a situation in which ch  lity have become decoupled, providing a unique opportunity to examine the basis of mate choice.  is proposal seeks to develop a panel of genetic markers suitable for determining parentage and
11680	3	with a method that is currently used in forensic medicine to identify criminals. it involves am  y criminals. it involves amplifying the genetic material of each virus and at the same time att  hat are specific for each one. when the chemical reaction is finished, we can see how much of e
6926	6	allel with the development of intensive poultry production, traditional hungarian poultry stock  the national institute for agricultural quality control and breeding ngos - became the task of   or this purpose a consortium of chicken gene bank breeders, organized by the breeding associati  eding association decided to complete a project proposal containing four main tasks: 1. charact  ngarian chicken breeds and varieties of gene banks and describe their production characteristic  pe production. all r&d included in this project proposal is intended to conserve old traditiona
12385	2	he merman database, implementation of a data management plan and transfer of quality controlled  ta in a timely manner to ices and other third parties.
10420	2	on summary for the linked proposals the carbon isotopes in protein that survives in archaeologi  or from rivers or lakes. in such cases, radiocarbon dates are often erroneously old due to radi
11389	2	the carbon isotopes in protein that survives in archaeologi  or from rivers or lakes. in such cases, radiocarbon dates are often erroneously old due to radi
12292	8	erotinia sclerotiorum continues to be a major problem for uk agriculture and horticulture. s. s  and horticulture. s. sclerotiorum has a host range of more than 400 plant species and hence man  ce many crops can be affected including oilseed rape, lettuce, carrot, vegetable brassicas, pea  est sclerotinia levels ever recorded in oilseed rape and the trend for increasing sclerotinia i  o continue because of the large area of oilseed rape grown, shorter crop rotations and inoculum  rge area of oilseed rape grown, shorter crop rotations and inoculum build up in the soil as oth  acterised s. sclerotiorum isolates from oilseed rape, lettuce and carrot crops from across the   roject hh3230sfv demonstrated extensive genetic diversity in these s. sclerotiorum populations
15393	1	e amount in parmelioid lichens yield an added value for several pharmaceutical areas and these
12334	4	ear, the seabed surface for all english territorial waters and northern ireland territorial wat  territorial waters and northern ireland territorial waters and uk offshore waters. key customer   identification and selection of marine conservation zones by regional mpa projects, in particu  gional mpa projects, in particular reef habitat types.
12470	5	evidence to improve the basis for using real time closures as a fisheries management measure. t  mer purpose: it is expected that in the short term the results will improve the basis for the c   will improve the basis for the current real time closure mechanism operating in the north sea,   and longer term will contribute to the scientific evidence base on using rtcs as an effective   rect impact on the effectiveness of the real time closure scheme currently operating in the nor
12683	4	this research proposal is for an investigation to identify t  oastal habitats at risk from effects of climate change, and to identify large scale opportuniti  t of a framework and prototype tool for decision making and prediction of landscape and biodive  reat sites under different scenarios of sea level rise.
14826	1	f nuclear phylogenetic information at a broad spectrum of taxonomic levels in genisteae. a well
14955	1	mountain ungulates distributed over the mountain ranges of southern europe, the taurus mountain
15494	3	the fundamental goal of this research project is to study the effects caused by conc  vertebrate species that will be used in laboratory experiments. subsequently, in the following   ers for their subsequent publication in scientific journals of the science citation index.
12570	2	study will also advise on research and data collection needs to improve the quality of further  ilable for use in future management and research programmes.
7575	2	lationship between spatial structure of genetic diversity and spatial characteristics of the en  d made ​​available to the international scientific community
10269	4	f environmental change and are indeed a driving force in global change. stable isotopes studies   scientific literature and presented at international conferences. opportunity for additional p  ity for additional presentations to the general public is provided through collaboration with t  provided through collaboration with the natural history museum s education department and parti
10827	1	design a monitoring programme funded by central government. apart from its applied importance,
12679	1	ey will then consult the scientific and policy making community, refine as required and produce
12528	1	cales of the epidemic so as to optimise disease control and management • how do intervention st
9960	3	iometers are used to measure accurately radiant flux across the band-pass of a filter placed in  rch balloons and micro-satellites. e.g. remote sensing of forest health by using filters sensit  n features in the chlorophyll spectrum, sea surface temperature from a micro-satellite or ship-
7570	1	rently, in france, there is no scalable information system to gather and consult all informatio
10485	1	gh throughput methodology for screening virus infections and immunities in wild plant and insec
10144	2	r array. by coupling a tungsten halogen light source to the input of the sifts instrument via f   nm. the fundamental rotation-vibration absorption bands associated with gas molecules are, how
9831	2	he distribution and diversity of mobile genetic elements , which play a critical role in gene d  g plasmid distribution and diversity in natural habitats. secondly, the potential use of mges t
12551	1	d naturally by the insect, derived from food sources or in the case of parasitoids and predator
11118	9	this project represents a pilot project aimed at developing a new approach to the  nd specific stable isotopic analysis of amino acids in proteinaceous materials. small, but char   can be measured using the technique of gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectr  such as ecosystems or living organisms. amino acids and their biopolymers, peptides and protein  e to the analytical chemist since their functional groups must be chemically derivatised prior   for the gas chromatographic analysis of amino acids, all have drawbacks when applied to gc/c/ir  ried out through analysis of individual amino acids and peptides. a crucial step will then be t  y test a method which would then have a wide range of specific applications within the nerc rem  species to dietary tracing experiments, food web elucidation and plant-soil interactions.
11282	15	peat bogs, or more specifically ombrotrophic mires, are  ophic mires, are extremely sensitive to climate change. precipitation is the only source of wat  ulates into peat deposits. results from radiocarbon dating of these peat layers reveal the buil  ate proxies, which can be used to study climate changes in the past. for example, macrofossils,  mperatures given the current debates on global warming. where macrofossils are unidentifiable i  e gaps in palaeoclimate reconstruction. chemical analysis of lipids in modern major peat formin  ajor peat forming plants growing on the peat bog surface, such as the sphagnum mosses, sedges a  ng on the peat bog surface, such as the sphagnum mosses, sedges and heathers, has revealed they  bundances can track the contribution of sphagnum mosses to the peat records. a notable feature   nature which means they are immobile in peat bog and so remain at their point of deposition. in  f the lipid biomarker n-c23 alkane from peat bogs, measured using the new technique of gas chro  gs, measured using the new technique of gas chromatography-thermal conversion-isotope ratio mas  -isotope ratio mass spectrometry in the peat bogs. the overall aim of the proposed work is to d  oxy based on dd values of biomarkers of peat bog vegetation. this will be achieved by measuring  es of the n-c23 alkane extracted from 4 peat bogs across europe on a west-east latitudinal tran
10206	1	ncerned with the development of a novel high resolution the sediment transport component will b
11226	1	ncerned with the development of a novel high resolution the sediment transport component will b
14374	6	dies have explored the use of satellite time series to describe the seasonal dynamics of vegeta  erarchical image segmentation. ecoseg a spin-off project of gloveg vg/00/01 and encompasses thr  pecialist to hierarchical cluster image time series into spatio-temporal segments with similar   o spatio-temporal segments with similar time series at numerous scales and will allow an accura  here it concerns the study of satellite time series of ecosystem dynamics. based on the experim  s the study of satellite time series of ecosystem dynamics. based on the experimental setup, an
7624	1	for optimizing operating procedures and resource management and for heritage conservation
7499	1	or amplification will be done through a computer program called genofrag developed in the labor
12532	5	chedules for invertebrate pests rely on methyl bromide fumigation. despite derogations for crit  ritical uses, phasing out of the use of methyl bromide will result in severe risks of the intro  k underway to investigate, evaluate, or field test new techniques with a view to phasing out me  w techniques with a view to phasing out methyl bromide as soon as possible. the increased risk   primary concern relating to the loss of methyl bromide in a report to defra global atmosphere d
12700	1	good quality information is essential for conservation
7593	3	the project goal is to develop a capillary electrophoresis technique coupled with mass s  markers of phylogenetic groups and / or ecological niches. it may be extended to a wide range o  logical niches. it may be extended to a wide range of uni and multicellular organisms
11134	5	ource pollution on river, estuarine and coastal water quality and particularly with regard to n  rd to non-compliance of bathing waters. climate change, and particularly more intense storms in  e occurrences at amroth and rhyl. hydro-environmental impact assessment modelling studies, regu  mulations, which can lead to erromneous environmental impact assessment outcomes. these shortco   centre s activities relating to marine renewable energy and particularly for the severn estuar
12245	9	003, farmers were set to receive direct subsidy payments for cross-compliance, i.e. activities   d the environmental, animal health, and public health benefits of farming. this has encouraged   nvironmental, animal health, and public health benefits of farming. this has encouraged many fa  rm as a whole, and encourage the use of natural resources in a sustainable way to produce a cos  roduct at the same time as safeguarding animal welfare and enhancing the biodiversity in the fa  be considered, including animal health, animal husbandry, forage and feeding systems, animal br  m hygiene standards, and the quality of farm buildings. a good ifm system can give the farmer p  anagement, setting objectives to enable good quality livestock products to be produced with min  ck products to be produced with minimal environmental impact. the ifm wheel' is widely adopted
14600	6	sediments constitute a valuable natural resource with ecological, social and economic v  onstitute a socio-economic resource for construction material, and can be used for instance for  re prevented by the lack of appropriate management tools to guide the sediment assessment proce  he development of the tool will combine risk assessment . this project will help assess the rel  d sediments. the tool will apply to the decision making process related to: need to adopt sedim   reuse of dredged sediments mainly as a construction material, and the need of containment/ iso
12233	1	quantification of the n requirements of winter wheat and winter osr varieties. depending on the
14330	3	roject aims to use the existing belgian remote sensing and related knowledge in a new, but topi  esearch was carried out to use high and low resolution imagery for the classification of vegeta  ion of vegetation. in ethiopia not only land use change studies were carried out, but also abov
9815	7	he particular kind of network. however, food webs stand out as being anomalous, as the number o  h large numbers of links are rare. this research programme investigates several important featu  estigates several important features of food webs not shared by many other kinds of network, to  k, to see what part they play in making food webs special. for instance, the nodes , at a total  ing basic knowledge of the earth s life-support systems: food webs are vital components of thes  ge of the earth s life-support systems: food webs are vital components of these systems, and st   on the persistence of other species in food webs.
2176	7	he present study is to develop a set of genetic markers that can describe within- and between g  s that can describe within- and between genetic variation for the three components and test if   catches. the present study represents a pilot study with focus on the development of two sets o  focus on the development of two sets of genetic markers, microsatellites and snps. a robust and  d markers for the purpose of describing genetic variation within and between spawning areas, as  e the responsibility for development of genetic markers and most genetic analysis and nifes wil  development of genetic markers and most genetic analysis and nifes will have the main responsib
6960	6	intensification of arable farming is a serious threat to biodiversity and   s teamed up for this proposal intend to work out 7 indicators: 1. insect-born virus pressure, 2  tors: 1. insect-born virus pressure, 2. scale insect infestation, 3. farmland bird survey, 4. m  1. insect-born virus pressure, 2. scale insect infestation, 3. farmland bird survey, 4. maize p  . indicator moth species. these cover a wide range of taxa and ecosystem services, and thus can  of the concrete indicator protocols and scientific publications into the relationship between a
14615	4	on numbers when reductions in abundance take place. cetaceans constitute a group of animals par  des - a weakening against the action of infectious agents. however, despite the importance of n  f the interaction of the cetaceans with human activities and the influence on them of global ch   for assessing the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems.
163	10	the aim of the study is to work out scenarios for agricultural land use in estonia   to work out scenarios for agricultural land use in estonia considering political and economic   onia considering political and economic driving forces as well as socio-economic and natural co  ns and to assess the impact of possible land use changes to bird populations in rural landscape   impact of possible land use changes to bird populations in rural landscapes. to reach the goal  land use changes to bird populations in rural landscapes. to reach the goal the following tasks  be completed: to define and analyse the driving forces . for the developed land use scenarios v   the driving forces . for the developed land use scenarios visual models and maps will be creat  udes of local people and the impacts of land use changes to the bird fauna will be analysed. th  velopment of a new prediction model for land use, in which the bird fauna, as an essential comp
7678	2	their influence on transfer of heat and water vapor and on turbulence. these impacts are also i  cro-organisms depends critically on the physical conditions of the atmosphere and air movement
14726	7	ersity, which requires that appropriate biodiversity indicators are incorporated in forest inve  est inventories and forest planning and conservation policies. in this context, the recent thir   this context, the recent third spanish national forest inventory that are identified as more v   we will develop landscape-level forest biodiversity indicators that can be effectively applied   that can be effectively applied within national forest inventories and other initiatives for e  opean context. finally, we will provide specific recommendations for the estimation of biodiver   the landscape scale within the spanish national forest inventories, coordinating landscape ind
12524	4	rtilizer and pesticide. there is now an urgent need to identify criteria which can be used to e  d inputs is far greater. the outputs of fundamental research on the genetic basis of resource u  ulate ongoing breeding effort. a recent pilot project use the data generated in conjunction wit  the third point will focus on gathering additional information which will be used to populate m
12522	1	he wider environment. the uk supports a wide range of diverse farming systems to ensure that th
7498	3	pact of oil on bacterial communities in marine sediments. . and the analysis of the variety of   hese bacterial genera appear to play an important role in these ecosystems. we propose to devel  o specifically detect these bacteria in marine sediments to better understand their role in sit
10167	1	a pilot study will be undertaken combining both bulk and
11266	6	with a portable instrument suitable for real time, in situ field measurements of pollutants in   trument suitable for real time, in situ field measurements of pollutants in the environment wit  electivity and sensitivity with a large dynamic range for mixing ratios. in addition, these new  scopy as a major analytical tool in the gas phase, comparable to the important role raman spect  ool in the gas phase, comparable to the important role raman spectroscopy currently has for che  le raman spectroscopy currently has for chemical analysis of liquids and solids.
14179	6	m together with the advanced changestat continuous culture methods and cell size measurements t  relationships between the cell size and growth rate of the bacteria, very important fact about   ber of ribosomes on the increase of the growth rate, their results were the basis for the devel  s were the basis for the development of cell cycle theory etc. however, already authors of this  ct is to study regulation of growth and cell cycle mechanisms in detail, their dependence on th  sociated with necessary transition from fossil fuels to biofuels and from oil base feedstock to
9998	7	dna sequencing . there are no validated software tools for analysis of radseq data, and our exp  presentation of sites in datasets makes data processing non-trivial. we will build easy-to use    build easy-to use pipelines for radseq data analysis, incorporating best-practice quality chec  d outputs ready for further analyses in third party software. these pipelines will be used to v  c. elegans model system, and to deliver genetic analysis of rad sites in the other genomes. the  or testbed will be a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from, and newly constructed crosse  s between, wild strains of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans, where we will investigate the u
12372	2	to better management and protection of human activities which may affect the marine environmen  f human activities which may affect the marine environment. the work also provides an opportuni
13731	5	tribution of a cohort at the end of the growing season will affect the survival through the win  on will affect the survival through the winter season because of size-dependent capacity to wit  ize variation within cohorts during the first year from eggs through early ontogenetic niche sh  tic niche shifts using a combination of field studies, experiments and modeling. the experiment  eriments separately and in combination. field studies will be carried out to yield data on indi
7375	1	he detection of molecular signatures of natural selection in the fungal genome from polymorphis
10006	6	ce and licensing for protected species; local authorities responsible for planning decisions an  r planning decisions and managing local nature reserves; ecological consultants who carry out s   will gain hands-on experience of using statistical models and new protocols. in phase iii of t  ans and reptiles, debate rages over the cost-effectiveness of such actions. the protocols that   icensing by the statutory agencies, and local authorities will be better-informed when it comes  t comes to planning issues. managers of nature reserves will also be able to carry out more eff
11536	6	ce and licensing for protected species; local authorities responsible for planning decisions an  r planning decisions and managing local nature reserves; ecological consultants who carry out s   will gain hands-on experience of using statistical models and new protocols. in phase iii of t  ans and reptiles, debate rages over the cost-effectiveness of such actions. the protocols that   icensing by the statutory agencies, and local authorities will be better-informed when it comes  t comes to planning issues. managers of nature reserves will also be able to carry out more eff
12459	1	s using appropriate data for a range of case studies of relevance to uk fisheries. provide bett
12698	2	re to develop and implement a web based data base and data analysis tool for the standardised h  and implement a web based data base and data analysis tool for the standardised hedgerow survey
2019	10	one of the most profound and intriguing questions in biology concerns the relationsh  ology concerns the relationship between genetic diversity and the morphology and biology of dif  found in uncovering the contribution of gene family members to the development of organisms. in   in uncovering the contribution of gene family members to the development of organisms. in rece  tebrates in particular, contain general transcription factor paralogs not found in yeast. we ha  ange in paradigm by our studies of tata binding protein and tbp-like factor, which are found in  vertebrate-specific tbp paralog, during embryonic development; 2. alternative mechanisms of tra  ion of antisense knockdown experiments, gene expression profiling, biochemical purification, ch  oters in vivo. studying early embryonic gene regulation provides many opportunities to uncover   ovel molecular mechanisms in control of gene expression, which are pivotal to the regulatory hi
10652	2	and forest engineers: identification of endangered species or groups of species. those tools wi   to adapt their related territories and forest management policies.
11832	2	and forest engineers: identification of endangered species or groups of species. those tools wi   to adapt their related territories and forest management policies.
7702	4	ns on the ground through the example of forest management, the project offers forgeco developin  tory approach and adaptive expertise in forest management and ecological vulnerabilities and so  nd ecological vulnerabilities and socio-economic development and intensification scenarios eval  intensification scenarios evaluation of forest management participatory process structured by t
14431	2	for future collaborative research. the research program is based on three case studies, becaus   the research program is based on three case studies, because the balkan lakes are of varied or
11459	7	a source of taxa that have invaded the deep sea. it is likely that the deep-sea fauna was depa   extinction events associated with past global climate change causing, for example, deep-ocean   tion events associated with past global climate change causing, for example, deep-ocean oxygen   ms to characterise the micro- and macro-evolutionary processes of endemic antarctic octopod fau  c antarctic octopod fauna and the macro-evolutionary processes of the deep-sea octopod fauna us  eans of testing the hypothesis that, in evolutionary history, antarctic taxa invaded the deep s  ary history, antarctic taxa invaded the deep sea.
11031	11	ere are a number of rocky bodies in our solar system, including our own planet and moon. largel   is an iron core, surrounded by a solid silicate mantle, which itself is covered by a thin sili  measured, and what is clear is that the continental crust is not all the same age and some part   years. in fact, there are four ages of continental crust that appear over and over again: 1.2,   largely incomplete, and the paucity of continental crust at other ages may not mean that growt  l crust at other ages may not mean that growth rates were low at those times. it might just be   aims to understand the formation of the continental crust, not by looking at the crust itself,   arge amount of data to be acquired in a short time. while understanding the formation of the co   s atmosphere and oceans have undergone radical changes in the planet s ancient past, including  the atmosphere that is essential to all animal life. these changes had major effects on the cou  ptions have been observed to change the global climate. this raises the interesting possibility
11634	6	il and gas industry and in liaison with environmental policy formers, implementers and regulato  t is directly relevant to environmental management issues/questions and it will ensure that thi  at primary science targets in important oil exploration areas in the west of shetland, u.k. and  ar. the dieps project aims to carry out high resolution research into the community structure a  in situ experimentation investigate the driving forces for structure and change in these seabed  t, which has support from world-leading industrial partners with a diverse range of global faci
10331	4	remains of hominids are abundant in the fossil record and form the basis for phylogenetic inter  me species, which combine enormous post-canine tooth crown areas, indicative of great chewing f  e we have developed a novel interactive computer model . the biomechanical models will first be  tic data of craniofacial morphology and experimental data published in the scientific literatur
9819	4	remains of hominids are abundant in the fossil record and form the basis for phylogenetic inter  me species, which combine enormous post-canine tooth crown areas, indicative of great chewing f  e we have developed a novel interactive computer model . the biomechanical models will first be  tic data of craniofacial morphology and experimental data published in the scientific literatur
10184	6	it is widely accepted that there is a negative effect of current breeding effort on subsequen  ally assumed to reflect a physiological trade-off between investment in reproduction and invest  ation of a male, his ability to provide parental care and the likelihood of him surviving to br   diet quality on sexual attractiveness, parental care and ability to fight the rate of senescen  ickleback. we will then explore how the trade-offs between these factors influence optimal repr  and future reproductive success and the trade-off between reproduction and lifespan. it also ex
6890	2	t on differentiation and apoptosis, in cell lines resistant to imatinib, in ba/f3 cells expres  tations and also in primary mononuclear cell cultures derived from patients, who carry differen
11061	5	g compatibility, because of those rapid evolutionary processes just mentioned. we have found ev   are unfortunately in severe decline. a major problem facing wild salmon stocks is the escape o  vive, and some make it onto wild salmon spawning grounds. here they attempt to spawn with wild   t to spawn with wild fish, presenting a major problem: farmed salmon have been domestically-sel  onservation with commercially important salmon farming.
14545	1	a key issue of aphid biology, to a great extent responsib
11124	3	environmental factors such as food availability and mat   different offspring depending on these environmental factors. such invested resources include   lobulins or hormones deposited into the egg yolks by females. there is currently mounting inter
11219	12	through a nested series of complicated soft tissues, from ligaments, out to the skin, and ther  print of a hare which walked across the human ancestor s footprints as the print of its big toe  cestor s footprints as the print of its big toe. we need methods which will tell us what are th  t easy, since footprints, being made by soft tissue, have no easily recognisable landmark point  lation techniques, and engaging in some lateral thinking , found that methods used to analyze t  e specialists in finding and excavating fossil footprints, and recently discovered an exciting   ays on, by their waddling gait. distant human ancestors like lucy had a similar squat and stabl   we need not only to make sophisticated computer models of walking and footprint formation, whi  energy-saving mechanisms in these early human ancestors, and relate them to foot forces and foo  ot forces and footprint form, but to do physical experiments in soft mud and ash which will tie  sh which will tie these models into the real world. but we must also look for more footprints,   interpret the evolution of walking at a crucial time period, the transition between an early bi
11707	12	through a nested series of complicated soft tissues, from ligaments, out to the skin, and ther  print of a hare which walked across the human ancestor s footprints as the print of its big toe  cestor s footprints as the print of its big toe. we need methods which will tell us what are th  t easy, since footprints, being made by soft tissue, have no easily recognisable landmark point  lation techniques, and engaging in some lateral thinking , found that methods used to analyze t  e specialists in finding and excavating fossil footprints, and recently discovered an exciting   ays on, by their waddling gait. distant human ancestors like lucy had a similar squat and stabl   we need not only to make sophisticated computer models of walking and footprint formation, whi  energy-saving mechanisms in these early human ancestors, and relate them to foot forces and foo  ot forces and footprint form, but to do physical experiments in soft mud and ash which will tie  sh which will tie these models into the real world. but we must also look for more footprints,   interpret the evolution of walking at a crucial time period, the transition between an early bi
14336	1	ropical ant communities to rainfall and soil conditions. the paraguay dry chaco, with little al
9818	2	ns between dinosaur and plant groups or body types would be consistent with co-evolution; conve  k of such associations would falsify co-evolutionary hypotheses. negative results could, howeve
1962	6	ainst herbivores by direct and indirect defence mechanisms. direct defence mechanisms include a  and indirect defence mechanisms. direct defence mechanisms include a.o. the production of deter  r toxic secondary metabolites. indirect defence mechanisms include the attraction of parasitoid  equestered by herbivores have potential harmful effects on natural enemies, and hence could lea  ombination of laboratory, mesocosm, and field studies. the project will contribute to our under  ral ecosystems and the compatibility of pest control strategies.
10338	14	on earth became extinct in the largest mass extinction in over 600 million years. this worldwi  it occurred. to determine the causes of mass extinctions, it is important to establish their ra  ships to possible causal events such as global climate change, asteroid impacts and volcanism.   o possible causal events such as global climate change, asteroid impacts and volcanism. establi  l events such as global climate change, asteroid impacts and volcanism. establishing absolute a  crystal is determined from the decay of radioactive isotopes within the crystal and growth of t  ntly, evidence has emerged showing that trace elements, including the naturally radioactive iso  trace elements, including the naturally radioactive isotopes 147sm and 176lu, are incorporated   recrystallised, behaves as a chemically closed system, allowing no further exchange of elements   to characterise the rate and nature of trace element uptake, and the chemical stability of eac  nature of trace element uptake, and the chemical stability of each bone before deriving a date.  criteria by which the uptake history of trace elements in bone can be assessed. a pilot study h  ace elements in bone can be assessed. a pilot study has shown these criteria correctly identify   age to within 1ma. we will extend this pilot study to determine the conditions under which bon
10040	1	tes, but in pots so that we can control soil conditions and the densities of neighbouring indiv
10158	3	rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di  s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron  extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t
10431	3	rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di  s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron  extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t
10432	3	rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di  s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron  extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t
10723	3	rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di  s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron  extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t
11714	3	rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di  s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron  extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t
9907	3	rmine the history of the west antarctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the di  s to be extreme yet viable habitats for microbial life. additionally, sedimentary palaeoenviron  extreme environments and west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to t
11360	3	the contribution of viral infection to phytoplankton modality has fundament   phytoplankton diversity and structures food webs. however, no techniques currently exist to di  to interpret phytoplankton:viral:grazer population dynamics and their biogeochemical consequenc
13575	4	despite a substantial commercial fishing pressure, nephrops norvegicus produc  own back to the sea, so-called discard. commercial fishing has been estimated to produce 27 mil  iscarded biomass as subsidy to nephrops fishing grounds. the objective is to quantify both dire  iscard on nephrops is its importance as food source. utilisation rate may however be modified b
12023	2	land use change strongly modifies the biodiversity and   anges in the structure and diversity of plant communities. according to a first hypothesis were
6719	4	fungus monilinia laxa is reponsible for serious diseases of stone fruits. the most endangered s  a is reponsible for serious diseases of stone fruits. the most endangered species are: sour che  ious diseases of stone fruits. the most endangered species are: sour cherry, apricot, plum and   ruits. the most endangered species are: sour cherry, apricot, plum and - recent years - almond.
13603	5	cent review of diseases of the european edible crab for crustacean diseases. the crl coordinate  in weymouth and surrounding area at the low tide. adults are sampled from the commercial fisher  ases, is studied by an investigation on gene expression of propo and by sequencing of the this   rent variants of the gene sequence with potential differences in immune response ability.    sequence with potential differences in immune response ability.
10142	1	ally change our views on ecological and evolutionary processes driving diversification, and cha
15503	3	of habitat, human impact or historical climate changes affect the distribution of diversity in  f these effects and the competition for evolutionary processes and historical contingencies. an  s and historical contingencies. another key issue in ecology is to determine if communities are
11098	3	rate rapidly with aqueous fluids in the upper crust and decompose quickly during weathering and  hering is rapid because of formation of etch pits on dislocations. etch pit honeycombs perhaps   formation of etch pits on dislocations. etch pit honeycombs perhaps acted as sites for the orig
10094	4	y from or between nutritionally limited natural habitats to maize stores. field study results w  mited natural habitats to maize stores. field study results will be calibrated by experimental   natural habitats to maize stores. field study results will be calibrated by experimental work i  13c delta 15n turnover characteristics, trace element analysis as a marker for dispersal. conve
1936	2	to set up two wind dispersal models, a statistical model of the so called gaussian plume type   e insight in the potential dispersal of endangered species and the sustainability of the restor
12149	1	thods will allow to determine rg and as genetic diversity and will allow to assess phylogenetic
10474	1	uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide approach specifically targeted at the pp
9905	1	uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide approach specifically targeted at the pp
9807	4	ragon plants which only make flat petal epidermal cells. in this project we will try to underst  different flowers. finally, we will use electron microscopy to survey the petal cell shapes pre  survey the petal cell shapes present in plant families which have shown shifts in pollinators,   ants and their pollinators during their evolutionary history.
15381	12	l reorganizations and those affected by genetic recombination in the germ line. analyzing how m  ffected by genetic recombination in the germ line. analyzing how mammalian genomes are organize  mammalian genomes are organized and how chromosomal rearrangements are involved in speciation a  roviding new chromosomal forms on which natural selection can work. when new chromosomal forms   w chromosomal forms are produced in the germ line, they will have the probability to be fixed i  ic features and nuclear organization of meiotic recombination in mammals is much uncompleted an  reorganizations have to be fixed in the germ line during the evolutionary process, our principa  to be fixed in the germ line during the evolutionary process, our principal interest is to stud  se evolutionary unstable regions in the meiotic recombination. there is no published data linki  on to the recombination hotspots in the germ line. it is our intention to go beyond the frontie   a comprehensive picture of the ongoing evolutionary process and vice versa. their verification  s are fundamental for understanding the evolutionary history of mammalian genomes. moreover, th
13945	6	the transport of dissolved organic matter phytoplankton species. it is suggested t  and uptake of smaller molecules such as amino acids containing nitrogen has been shown to take   s containing nitrogen has been shown to take place. however, virtually nothing is known about t  rowth. a large part of the dom entering coastal waters are high molecular, and preliminary expe  take. in addition, we will evaluate the competitive advantage that comes with direct uptake of   hab blooms when the input of hmw-dom to coastal waters is increasing.
11733	2	ssolved organic nitrogen , bas and nerc research programmes and will directly collaborate with   mmes and will directly collaborate with research scientists from other antarctic programmes.
10160	2	demic interest to both physiologist and environmental scientists. finally our results may, in t  ntists. finally our results may, in the long run, lead to the development of methods to monitor
15096	1	ant-host. although this is a project of basic research, the results obtained can be of relevanc
6871	5	oplankton. water exchange between these growth areas and the mainstream river results in a drif   flood, as a disturbance factor plays a key role in community organization of potamoplankton. t  anisms. such studies should provide the scientific background to the ecological management of l  al management of large rivers where the focal points are re-establishment of natural flow inhom  large rivers where the focal points are re-establishment of natural flow inhomogeny and floodpl
2479	6	n species represent a growing threat to marine environments due to their potential to change th  nked among the world's most detrimental invasive species, was first observed in northern europe  mnemiopsis can severely disrupt pelagic food webs through direct predation and competition as w  up processes impacting both the classic food chain and the microbial loop. nevertheless, the oc  a combination of monitoring activities, field studies and experiments targeting local reproduct  succession in pelagic ecosystems due to invasive species and/or increased numbers of gelatinous
1984	3	cosystems in which cyanobacteria play a key role. the most important source of nitrogen in coas  s are therefore high. there are several functional groups of microorganisms in the mats that ar  s are found on the green beaches of the barrier islands of the southern north sea. because of t
7138	1	the responses of soil invertebrates to land use change.
12056	5	context climate change , was created and a complete phylogeny o  om empirical data and models of virtual plant communities were created to validate these mechan  eated and set to the zone of the ecrins national park. results of the project using theoretical  t using theoretical models coupled with data analyses allowed us to infer the distribution mech  a in response to changes in climate and land use. this model predicts a strong upheaval in the
15524	2	starting some new approaches related to conservation issues. the main topics and targets are: 1  for some selected taxa we will generate ecological niche models to make predictions on potentia
13838	2	ith a broad range of hosts, occurs in a wide range of ecosystems, and is sparsely studied by mo  host from root-tips. species with broad host ranges are the target for intensified study in ord
11275	2	ment on earth, yet our understanding of microbial diversity and ecological roles is still in it  eir abundance and role within different habitat types.
14660	2	s project is to provide a broad-ranging data base that would allow the co-relation of cyanobact  structure of microorganisms isolated in laboratory cultures. the aim of this last proposal is t
7533	4	unities leading to a diversification of plant communities resulting in genetic divergence up un   until speciation. in this context, the genetic diversity of wild yams dry zone will be studied  ave as objectives the identification of evolutionary processes at the origin of diversity and i  tructuring, including spatial, based on human activities
2480	6	how the species composition, diversity, life cycle and abundance are affected by environmental   ife cycle and abundance are affected by environmental factors. the abundance and distribution o  e will apply the latest technologies in molecular biology and microbiology to aquatic ecologica  d by a.o. environmental pyrosequencing, electron microscopy and culturing. seasonal dynamics wi  he use of microscopy, molecular probes, flow cytometry and water chemistry upon the analyses of  lyses of natural samples collected from coastal waters through the year. the project will impro
14675	1	fore, the mycorrhizal fungi can play an important role in the establishment and development of
7382	3	we study the molecular evolution of a gene family encoding agpase, a    we study the molecular evolution of a gene family encoding agpase, a key enzyme in the synthe  characterized by allelic sequencing the coding regions and promoter. understanding the evolutio
7013	6	lands are terrestrial peaks of a mainly submarine plateau which is a fragment of the former gon  . multiple increase and decrease of the sea level led to multiple separation and reunion proces  he outer islands are geologically young coral atolls; they have never been connected with the g  rs ago. only recently the international research project indian ocean biodiversity assessment 2  y and geographic pathways of speciation field studies will be made to gain data on host plants   ld studies will be made to gain data on host plants and on distribution within islands. morphol
10182	3	on of beetle prey. controlled field and laboratory experiments will follow the passage of a 13c   for determining the composition of the plant community. these studies will address the overall  il at sourhope and their effects on the plant community.
13468	3	the project focuses on plant population dynamics and species diversity within arable  l also investigate the potential use of high resolution satellite data in the monitoring of gra  te the potential use of high resolution satellite data in the monitoring of grassland quality.
15298	2	owledge of molecular, morphological and chemical bases in the diversity of the complex red alga  l bases in the diversity of the complex red algae of the genus laurencia and the monograph of t
422	1	he bloom-forming diatoms in the roscoff coastal waters which were not investigated during the p
7139	2	program objectives were to screen for physical and chem  stics of diatoms, responsible blooms in coastal waters of roscoff not studied in this program.
431	2	the completeness of the analyzed fossil record .morphological variability of the pitymya   to correlate with climatic conditions. morphological structures are revealed, correlated with
7518	3	ffer depending on the nature or type of genetic marker used to assess. the aim of this project   ors. these methods are illustrated with real case studies on cattle populations, pig and poultr  these methods are illustrated with real case studies on cattle populations, pig and poultry
421	3	the negative relationship between land use intensity and biodiversity also has impacts on  uld be more prevalent in communities as land use gets intensified. ground beetles, collembolans  onmental variables were sampled in four land use types across 6 different landscapes in france,
14120	3	the maintenance of genetic diversity in small populations is both a major   r practical problem in the contemporary conservation efforts, and a fascinating theoretical que  s from different parents have different survival rates this fundamental study will remarkably e
2061	3	and scale-dependent spatial pattern of forage fish species is a key factor in shaping the top   rmining the trophic interaction between forage fish and apex predators. to evaluate the role of  spatial distribution of apex predators, forage fish species and zooplankton will be collected d
7001	2	marginal importance. we have performed preliminary investigations of austria specimens of comm   investigations of austria specimens of common lizard , the degree of hybridisation and gene fl
15065	4	ntly isolated from soil, water, air and clinical samples. both bacterial genera have a high spe  gy and environmental biotechnology. the genetic diversity is enormous. some of them, like p. ae  ification is not trivial and needs long incubation times. new molecular techniques will allow r  h internet, to make it available to the scientific community.
15520	2	. 2 analysis of functional stategies at community level and their relations with changes in wat  s in water and nutrient availability. 3 experimental study of the functional response to advers
10378	4	in marine environments phage can reach densities of 2.5 x    we will use these samples to provide a snap shot of the phage in antarctic and southern ocean   southern ocean water. plaque assays and electron microscopy will count numbers. further study w   further study will examine morphology, host range and transduction potential.
14146	1	uately annotated reference sequences to public databases will provide valuable means for future
13878	10	cies richness in soil. this is due to a low degree of species specific links within the soil fo   species specific links within the soil food web that maintain a high redundancy in functions.    interactions between organisms in soil food web we propose the use of techniques that will add  e the use of techniques that will add a high resolution of the structure of soil food webs. we   igh resolution of the structure of soil food webs. we will: identify the direction and specific  nd fungal feeding invertebrates in soil food webs. nested pcrs of dna extracts of soil animals   als. we will: identify the structure of food webs by detecting stable 13c isotope ratios of soi  l determine their trophic levels in the food web. press perturbation experiments with plant der  ine the structure and diversity of soil food webs under influence of different plant communitie   food webs under influence of different plant communities.
15068	1	liminary molecular data obtained by our research groups, however, suggest a much higher diversi
10427	2	ive, thereby removing the need for live animal experimentation, they provide spatially co-regis  research will benefit environmental and evolutionary biologists interested in modes of biodiver
11218	2	ive, thereby removing the need for live animal experimentation, they provide spatially co-regis  research will benefit environmental and evolutionary biologists interested in modes of biodiver
11427	2	ive, thereby removing the need for live animal experimentation, they provide spatially co-regis  research will benefit environmental and evolutionary biologists interested in modes of biodiver
12053	4	aptation to the environment is obvious. genomic data already identify the origins of certain di  e collections of the public and private research laboratories of the partners. they differ for   aims of the program are to evaluate the genetic diversity of a vast collection of strains, to s  o investigate relationships between the ecological niches and the essential phenotypical traits
10341	1	urveyed, in order to get a large enough representative sample of genes, and to sequence these g
9919	2	ol. the potential for automation of dna data acquisition and data analysis, and the possibility   automation of dna data acquisition and data analysis, and the possibility to link these data w
11874	6	ry for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital that the biological cha  xhibit restricted species diversity and food chain complexity, with environmental warming which  in many polar environments. despite its central role in regulating plant growth, our knowledge   ting plant growth, our knowledge of the nitrogen cycle in antarctic environments remains extrem  , we believe that current models of the nitrogen cycle are unsound as they have failed to inclu  nitrogen. ultimately, this will enhance mathematical models used for predicting ecosystem respo
10034	4	groundwaters that may be used to supply drinking water. in addition, ammonia oxidation is accom  ion is accompanied by the production of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas which is also in  e production of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas which is also involved in destroying str  ntially responsible for the emission of nitrous oxide from soil.
10255	5	concentrations of greenhouse gases are rising as a result of continued in  is study we want to test whether arctic plant communities do not acclimate fully even with exte  elevated co2. the information from this research programme is vital if we are to be able to mak  ions based on improved predictions from climate models. specifically, the extent to which whole  cosystems to perturbations under future climate change and important potential impacts on globa
12655	1	l method of preventing bats approaching wind turbines will be available to the power generation
2022	12	ves and seagrass beds provide important food sources for millions of people, but are in decline  idered important nurseries for juvenile coral reef fish, but this has only been based on their    important nurseries for juvenile coral reef fish, but this has only been based on their high d  mangroves/seagrass beds never reach the reef fish population, then these habitats do not functi  takes place from these nurseries to the coral reef. only in such way can it be established whet  se habitats serve as true nurseries for reef fishes. movement to the reef provides the stronges  nd long-term fish tagging. quantitative mathematical models will be made to calculate how reef   al models will be made to calculate how reef fish population viability depends on input of juve  from mangrove/seagrass nurseries versus coral reef, and on the size of nursery habitats. this i  between tropical ecosystems, and of the population dynamics of tropical reef fish with spatiall   of the population dynamics of tropical reef fish with spatially separated life-stage habitats.  e over-fished and many people depend on reef fish as a source of protein or income.
10189	2	cialist herbivores over long periods of co-occurrence. hence introducing natural enemies can be  ing natural enemies can be an effective biological control strategy. because mutualistic mycorr
11335	5	urity in the uk will rely on increasing crop production by c. 70% by 2070. meeting these produc  roduction goals will depend on reducing crop losses to insect pests at a time when new pesticid   will depend on reducing crop losses to insect pests at a time when new pesticide legislation m  his project is to develop a sustainable biological control system for vine weevil .    is to develop a sustainable biological control system for vine weevil .
11846	3	ystems . this project also represents a unique opportunity, to more fully utilise a nerc oceans  ogram with the additional collection of acoustic sonar backscatter, visual observations of seab  er, visual observations of seabirds and marine mammals, vocalisations of cetaceans, fishery obs
10736	4	toxic metal ions are an important class of environmenta  mental pollutants, and can cause severe environmental damage, for both terrestrial and aquatic   ientific understanding of a fundamental biochemical mechanism which is currently almost complet  fects of environmental contamination by toxic metals in invertebrates.
10817	6	considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. our new idea is   e rate and hence slows down the rate of population growth in the following year. eventually pop  bundant mineral on earth and present in significant amounts in all plants, so the mechanism we   nce. we already have some evidence from laboratory experiments and observations in the field th  ortant grassland systems that support a wide range of herbivores, including both rare species a  will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agriculture.
11049	6	considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. our new idea is   e rate and hence slows down the rate of population growth in the following year. eventually pop  bundant mineral on earth and present in significant amounts in all plants, so the mechanism we   nce. we already have some evidence from laboratory experiments and observations in the field th  ortant grassland systems that support a wide range of herbivores, including both rare species a  will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agriculture.
11562	6	considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. our new idea is   e rate and hence slows down the rate of population growth in the following year. eventually pop  bundant mineral on earth and present in significant amounts in all plants, so the mechanism we   nce. we already have some evidence from laboratory experiments and observations in the field th  ortant grassland systems that support a wide range of herbivores, including both rare species a  will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agriculture.
11829	6	considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. our new idea is   e rate and hence slows down the rate of population growth in the following year. eventually pop  bundant mineral on earth and present in significant amounts in all plants, so the mechanism we   nce. we already have some evidence from laboratory experiments and observations in the field th  ortant grassland systems that support a wide range of herbivores, including both rare species a  will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agriculture.
11441	2	the aim of this pilot project is to exploit the combined use of compoun  c radiocarbon analysis and phospholipid fatty acid will allow the degree of utilisation of new
13610	3	the aim of this urgent grant application is to document nutrient dynamics duri  tions. the present situation provides a unique opportunity to collect data that, together with   , together with previous monitoring and experimental studies, are of high scientific and applie
13355	2	the aim of the project is the data collection, data recording at national plant genet  ing at national plant genetic resources data base and documentation of the information of plant
10564	1	and utilized this environment, and what seasonal changes in temperature were experienced. we kn
10211	1	eceive large quantities of c from their host plants. i will use advances in stable isotope and
13790	3	udies found that consumer p content and growth rate can be affected by food quality and that fa  part will test two key hypotheses about growth rates and nutrient content of snail grazers, by   manipulated: within species, individual growth rate and p content is lower in pristine than in
11604	2	captive breeding programmes for endangered species run the risk of both genetic drift a  endangered species run the risk of both genetic drift and inbreeding depression. however, it is
11264	2	contexts. all of these experiments will take place with groups of just five fish, given the tim   . however, i will then use a series of computer simulations based on what i find in these expe
11546	2	contexts. all of these experiments will take place with groups of just five fish, given the tim   . however, i will then use a series of computer simulations based on what i find in these expe
11551	8	adaptation of species during explosive adaptive radiations on islands remains one of the most    intriguing evolutionary phenomena. low genetic diversity of island populations may present an   ary phenomena. low genetic diversity of island populations may present an obstacle for fast ada   obstacle for fast adaptive changes, as natural selection needs genetic variation from which to  ive changes, as natural selection needs genetic variation from which to select. hybridisation o  osely related species and interspecific gene flow may provide the genetic variation needed for   interspecific gene flow may provide the genetic variation needed for natural selection. althoug  rovide the genetic variation needed for natural selection. although multiple cases of interspec
9927	8	ore, have profound effects on offspring life history. in blue tits, like many parids, an intrig  d effects on offspring life history. in blue tits, like many parids, an intriguing pattern of p  of glasgow field station in loch lomond national park. half of each brood will be supplemented   urine and the rest with a non-essential amino acid to control for overall amino acid intake. ch  ntial amino acid to control for overall amino acid intake. chick growth, development and blood   ntioxidants and antioxidant activity in blood plasma of control and taurine supplemented chicks  ds. we will monitor provisioning, using infrared cameras in nestboxes, to ascertain whether exp  e rigorous experimental design, intense breeding season and complex lab work needs an experienc
10136	3	l state , linked to increases in winter sea surface temperature. the effects of this reduction   ue to impassable upstream barriers. the survival rate of the fry will be related to the body co   recaptured fish. in parallel with this field work we will measure various traits of the eggs a
10944	5	rs that enable species to co-exist with one another in biological diverse communities. many the  the problems with applying this idea to plant communities though is that plants are thought to   l, including many organic forms such as amino acids. also, it is becoming clear from laboratory   acids. also, it is becoming clear from laboratory experiments that plant species differ in the  ted to such resource partitioning for a wide range of nitrogen forms that commonly occur in the
10241	4	many flowering plants produce less pollen, so economizing re  izing themselves than when outbreeding. harmful effects of inbreeding will be assessed in relat  on both sides of the atlantic to ensure genetic diversity, will be cloned by taking cuttings an  rds with the priority area earth s life-support systems - water, biogeochemical cycles and biod
11100	4	many flowering plants produce less pollen, so economizing re  izing themselves than when outbreeding. harmful effects of inbreeding will be assessed in relat  on both sides of the atlantic to ensure genetic diversity, will be cloned by taking cuttings an  rds with the priority area earth s life-support systems - water, biogeochemical cycles and biod
11870	2	why do trees in different tropical forests grow at different rates why do some tr   hold wider-reach training workshops in carbon cycle science in each country at the start and e
9840	2	y condition and fecundity the following breeding season. we propose a food addition study to in  ry monthly live-trapping throughout the breeding season will enable us to assess body condition
7687	2	litating predation on extensive outdoor poultry farms by small carnivorous mammals. in bresse a  rous mammals. in bresse area, damage to poultry farms of bresse chicken aoc are numerous and ma
2169	4	ct looks at four specific human-related driving forces of ecosystem change that are identified   r threats in the near future. these are invasive species. the project focuses on terrestrial ve  n. for this purpose we have assembled a research team ideally composed to meet the challenges o  cology, cultural-landscape ecology, and numerical analyses including multivariate and univariat
15389	2	o analyze the synergic effect that both stress factors . finally, to have information on the va  now the effect of multiple stressors on running water ecosystem.
11492	5	thway dominate grassland ecosystems and cereal production in warm climates. both the multiple e  of fundamental importance for ecosystem resource management under anthropogenic climate change   resource management under anthropogenic climate change and for understanding the earth system,   e atmospheric change, reinstating major unanswered questions about c4 plant-aridity relationshi  ty and water-use in natural climate and soil conditions, using a sub-sample of the nadp-me c4 a
6930	3	ing cultivars resistant to powdery . pm resistance gene of kishmish vatkana was identified as r   vatkana was identified as ren1. the pm resistance gene of dzsandzsal kara is still unkknown. o  ana. second aim is the comparison of pm resistance genes of kishmis vatkana and dzsandzsal kara
10693	6	phytoplankton play a role in the global carbon cycle, which is of great importance for global w  cycle, which is of great importance for global warming. it is important to know exactly how muc  the radiation scattering ability of the dust particles, as this can have an impact on climate.   d at the cape verde islands. individual dust particles will be examined in the laboratory to de  that of iron specifically, during our 4 case studies. we will then use this information, and th  will then use this information, and the long term monitoring of strength and extent of similar
9880	5	lives and livelihoods. diseases such as rift valley fever transmitted via cattle in dryland sav  ca; trypanosomiasis transmitted via the tsetse fly in woodland areas of southern africa; lassa    suffering from a multiplicity of other health problems. while environmental change affects the  h a combination of mapping and detailed field studies, we will build a multi-layered analysis o  develop and apply new methodologies for systems analysis, mapping, and participatory eco-epidem
7133	5	global change - changes caused by both human activities and by environmental factors - on the    caused by both human activities and by environmental factors - on the persistence of kelp fore  nmental factors - on the persistence of kelp forests will be studied by combining genetics and   ll be studied by combining genetics and population dynamics approaches to approaches ecophysiol  ology and biochemistry by grouping five research teams
7396	1	he development of imaging techniques in real time and in three dimensions to map and quantify c
14122	1	ut little known, is expected to advance plant ecology, paleoecology, and conservation biology.
7463	1	of global change, acid deposition, and land use on terrestrial ecosystems, and the resultant e
14371	20	criptors in a near-automatic way. while high resolution eo systems provide now very regular upd  ynamic predictive mapping. multi-sensor data fusion and downscaling techniques combined to stat  objectives: 1. investigate how bayesian data fusion can derive high resolution reflectance valu  ate how bayesian data fusion can derive high resolution reflectance values based on medium reso  mation, and thus develop a new bayesian data fusion approach merging multiple data source of di  rging multiple data source of different spatial resolution referring to the same timeframe. 2.   and surface descriptors of interest for malaria vector control in southeast asia: land cover de  utheast asia: land cover descriptor and relative humidity proxies fusion and dynamic mapping 4.  e relation between land descriptors and malaria vectors to assess performance of the method in    vector occurrence using land cover and relative humidity descriptors and finally the delineati   the delineation of restricted zone for dry season vector habitat methodology • develop a new b  at methodology • develop a new bayesian data fusion approach • interpretation for an. dirus pri  and validation results expected • a new data fusion method applicable not only to concomitant i  f relation between land descriptors and malaria vector in south east asia • verification of the  e hypothesis of receding habitat in the dry season for anopheles dirus s.l. and association wit  .l. and association with land cover and relative humidity • validation of leaf water content as   relative humidity • validation of leaf water content as a valid indicator for approximation of   a valid indicator for approximation of relative humidity related to mosquito habitat • pave th  ation • to help in improving the use of remote sensing product in the field of epidemiology del  icting the habitat of the vector in the dry season if the hypothesis is validated -------------
7408	1	ay to conserve genetic resources in the long term in rabbits should provide concrete informatio
15349	2	ts and, more specifically, transposons. insertion sequences has been tested in microbial fuel c   sequences has been tested in microbial fuel cells for production of electricity.
15391	13	n of populations implies an increase in genetic drift which may result in loss of genetic diver  netic drift which may result in loss of genetic diversity and accumulation of inbreeding. these   important part of the clearly adaptive genetic variation, and one that may be especially relev  ising from disease, is that involved in immune response. the effectivity of the immune response  immune response. the effectivity of the immune response is largely dependent on the variation p  resent in key genes for recognition and antigen presentation. among these, class i and class ii  ss. the starting hypothesis is that the balancing selection, acting through mechanisms such as   selection, may help to maintain greater genetic diversity in functional genes of the immune sys  ic diversity in functional genes of the immune system than that retained for molecular markers,  molecular markers, and that the loss of genetic diversity in general, or in immune system genes   of genetic diversity in general, or in immune system genes in particular, adversely affects th   reproduction and becomes an additional risk factor for the persistence of the species. the pro  onservation genetics and contributes to risk assessment and to the design of effective strategi
14602	6	during the last decennia, significant changes in the socioeconomic structure have   role given than an increase in vegetal fuel load in large areas tends to favour the impact of   eas tends to favour the impact of large forest fires. the impact of these landscape dynamics on  s will be essential to establish future conservation policies in many european mediterranean re  llenge is to be able to predict species dynamic ranges by using habitat suitability modelling e  ew fragments of open habitat created by forest fire impact. 2- assessment of the patterns in di
13880	5	y increasing recreational activities in coastal waters has long concerned conservationists, par  aries where access is prohibited in the breeding season to protect coastal waterbird population  sion, of the sanctuaries. complementary field studies will be done to compare reproductive succ  effects of protected nesting-islands on bird populations at a regional level. it will contribut  e substantially to the understanding of population dynamics and conservation of island-nesting
7147	3	f biodiversity has mainly performed two time scales: instantaneous based studies and conservati   to link regional analyzes at different time scales, based on the fossil record of mammals, mai   at different time scales, based on the fossil record of mammals, mainly rodents and ungulates,
7553	3	roduction of palm hearts. . analysis of genetic diversity and gene flow will occur primarily th  ts. . analysis of genetic diversity and gene flow will occur primarily through molecular marker  d. this research will be in the form of case studies in ecuador
14199	12	disappeared from europe due to changing land use. at the same time, there is increasing interes  land vegetation dynamics under changing land use, and address the effect of diaspore and symbio  ion on community change. we shall study plant community composition, seed bank and arbuscular m  resence of symbiotic amf, which play an important role in the establishment and performance of   nce of grassland plant species. because land use intensification reduce the number and diversit  tionally managed semi-natural grassland plant community composition and diversity under intensi  ity under intensifying and extensifying land use we hypothesize that both changes will lead to   tionally managed semi-natural grassland plant community composition and diversity under intensi  ity under intensifying and extensifying land use what are the effects of changing land use on t  nd use what are the effects of changing land use on the viable soil seed bank what are the effe  d bank what are the effects of changing land use on symbiotic am fungi, present both as viable   s in the soil and functioning hyphae in plant roots is the establishment of grassland plant spe
10125	14	hy of range contraction and collapse in endangered species. in particular, existing databases t  r, existing databases typically exclude extinct species and populations, and so contain biases   ial to provide unique new insights into key patterns and processes of extinction and hence info  ses of extinction and hence inform both early warning systems and management interventions. pos   extinction and hence inform both early warning systems and management interventions. possibly   ata on changing patterns of prehistoric human population density, resource use and environmenta  an population density, resource use and environmental impacts, and also on changing patterns of   reviews of species- or region-specific case studies with minimal wider-scale ecological analys  ven by anthropogenic impacts and future climate change. the proposed project will combine data   rent academic fields to develop a novel interdisciplinary research programme for understanding   ds to develop a novel interdisciplinary research programme for understanding the long-term dyna  ayed by species with differing ecology, life history and trophic status, and will address wheth  es of regionally extirpated or globally extinct species will also form the basis for investigat  itical thresholds of human impact, e.g. human population density, can be identified. these rela
426	3	bio-indicator of these changes. in this research program, we propose to work on the impacts of   m, we propose to work on the impacts of climate change on the dynamics of vegetation in the for  reas. because of the strong altitudinal temperature gradient, the mountain is a privileged area
12353	1	equirements given, for round 2 offshore wind farm developments. this proposed project addresses
434	2	role of floral phenology in restricting gene flow at a local scale. we detected isolation by ti  oductive events mainly occur between co-flowering trees, and pollen flow is asymmetric. early f
7261	1	ation process in the mediterranean this invasive species complex. for this we will develop a ne
14691	1	d biotic factors responsible of them. 5 experimental study of the responses in the community of
15532	3	climate and land use changes are recognized as the major drivers of  y species have been identified as major environmental problems related to desertification. but   ls to foresee the impact of climate and land use changes in this area.
15150	2	. to accomplish this central goal, this project proposal is based on the high-resolution palyno  e and interactions of fire, climate and human activities in the evolution of plant formations f
2081	5	climate change will be used as input data for the model           climate change will be used as input data for the models. uncertainty will be addresse  ed throughout such simulations. coupled atmospheric chemistry and transport models will be used  te ozone damage on crops. the resulting crop production functions are used in the economic mode  ted, to explore the effects of expected structural changes in agriculture in the comming decade
14319	9	kes and have active fisheries providing local populations with a relatively cheap source of pro  wever, human-induced changes, including climate change, can have significant effects on primary  understanding of ecosystem function and food web processes is required. for instance, food web   eb processes is required. for instance, food web efficiency may greatly depend on the amount of  ncy may greatly depend on the amount of organic carbon transiting through the microbial food we  carbon transiting through the microbial food web, known to be important in these lakes. lake ki  alien species introduction and possibly climate change, which have affected the lakes biodivers   years. in addition, the simple pelagic food web of the lake facilitates our understanding of e  methodologies used and developed in the research project could be applied to other large africa
11336	6	debated and not widely accepted by the scientific community. we have discovered a number of si  rom the valsequillo basin, preserved in volcanic ash, for which we have obtained some prelimina  dating techniques to be used are at the cutting edge of the technology available and we will tr   at the time of formation was that of a volcanic ash sequence deposited from a small volcano in  anning. this will produce very accurate digital images, maps and casts of the prints which is t  being the last part in the dispersal of modern humans across the continents.
7028	3	understanding what determines plant diversity and functioning of grassland ecosystems  s or arbuscular-mycorhizal fungi affect plant community diversity and structure by creating soi  s enriched in nutrients and/or amf. the laboratory experiment indirectly addresses earthworm-am
10660	3	ists in focused research activities and scientific exchange for a two year period. in addition   nally sponsored research in the region. project scientists will make new developments in monito  he region. project scientists will make new developments in monitoring will hold a scientific w
9886	3	ists in focused research activities and scientific exchange for a two year period. in addition   nally sponsored research in the region. project scientists will make new developments in monito  he region. project scientists will make new developments in monitoring will hold a scientific w
11723	2	elta 13c between mangrove, seagrass and coral reef biotopes. these three variables will influen  or confounding effects of metabolism on carbon isotope balances.
12601	1	ource issues. the study will develop a `case study` of how this better understanding of the str
13339	8	nsmissible, cost effective and provides added value to the currently independent data sources o  vide a robust statistical structure for analytical tests and for the eventual estimates of stoc  g forecasting of future options so that policy makers can generate appropriate strategies for m  mitments of the institutes concerned to long term monitoring. it will also provide the necessar  ailable data.. this network already has long term data sets for biodiversity indicators eg butt  ork already has long term data sets for biodiversity indicators eg butterflies and birds but th  habitats that can be linked to specific biodiversity indicators. these will be identified using   scaling that can be tested to show the added value of integration. other work packages will pr
15584	2	across large regions, and much existing environmental policy is specifically targeted at specie  as well as recommendations for european policy making.
12029	4	marine chemical ecology: biodiversity indicators and development. ecimar aimed a  diterranean sea, and more precisely the dominant species of the coralligenous and semi-dark cav   coralligenous and semi-dark caves. the first steps included an inventory, a collection and a s   levels. a chemical fingerprint issues. scientific publications since the beginning of the proj
15174	1	he nearest or more related populations. genetic information allows to detect the presence in th
15351	8	g or re-emerging. the wildlife plays an important role as uncontrolled reservoir of many of the  f many of these diseases. nevertheless, human activities are often responsible of the increase   ease the probability of contact between human beings and wildlife, mainly with those species th  s, and to know through which mechanisms human activities promote such changes. the objectives o  ccus sp., using as sentinel species the wild boar, the synantropic carnivores owned by habitant  asing the knowledge about the impact of human activities in the presence and prevalence of the   akes place. it will also be helpful for public authorities to implement actuations to limit dis  rities to implement actuations to limit disease transmission.
2084	3	larly the calanus finmarchicus, plays a key role in the transformation of biomass from lower to  ll be on analyses of a large variety of time series from hydrography, currents, zooplankton, to  model results will be evaluated against time series on abundance and distribution of 0-group fi
13317	2	ealistic 5. testing these approaches in case study areas and expanding the current projections    provide data, scenarios and associated confidence limits so that policy markers and land manag
15568	2	across europe under the joint impact of climate change and human-induced shift in land use. one  imate change and human-induced shift in land use. one of the most spectacular change concerns t
2018	3	the interacting effects of genetic and environmental factors. evidence shows that habitat frag  s in smaller populations with decreased genetic variation and increased risk of inbreeding. mor  l use state-of-the-art microarray-based gene expression technologies and physiological experime
15530	6	ility and is increasingly threatened by land use and climate changes, and associated effects on  increasingly threatened by land use and climate changes, and associated effects on disturbance   understanding the relationships between ecosystem structure and function, as well as the potent  es in semiarid ecosystems, and identify critical points of degradation-agradation dynamics, as   dynamics, as well as to investigate how plant diversity modulates these feedbacks and coupled d  n semiarid ecosystems such as water and soil conservation, and plant productivity. the specifc
12040	3	also pointed out the need for reliable early warning systems for marine invasive species.   pointed out the need for reliable early warning systems for marine invasive species.   liable early warning systems for marine invasive species.
519	6	local and european scales. the regional natural parks play a specific role in this stake due to  nd the national federation for regional natural parks . the identification of corridors will be  idors will be done using new methods of remote sensing. the management of corridors in rural ar  sensing. the management of corridors in rural areas will be analyzed on different scales in rel  ilize a whole of techniques in oriented remote sensing with the objective to define structures   a and surveys on the structures and the political aspects relevant to regional scales. from a p
7182	4	ly limit the spread of carpobrotus. the major problem after eradication of witch - claws lies i  er eradication of witch - claws lies in soil erosion phenomena that occur when the slope is ste  bridization to high frequency, the very important role of pollinators, dissemination fruit / se   in the biodiversity and functioning of coastal ecosystems invaded
10152	2	ty to shift distribution in response to climate change. exploring the relative importance of th  a mate. this study therefore provides a unique opportunity to explore the consequences of range
11496	2	ty to shift distribution in response to climate change. exploring the relative importance of th  a mate. this study therefore provides a unique opportunity to explore the consequences of range
13466	12	broad scale forest fires have determined the post-glacial dynamics   rmined the post-glacial dynamics in the boreal forests and are important for e.g. biodiversity.  pe has decreased dramatically since the middle ages. today most of the forest fires are part of  ince the middle ages. today most of the forest fires are part of low intensity and small scale   effects of broad scale natural fires in modern times on soil and water chemistry as well as on   isms is thus limited. according to many climate models there will be an increased risk of futur  ere will be an increased risk of future forest fires in boreal forests. it is thus of utmost im  ncreased risk of future forest fires in boreal forests. it is thus of utmost importance to take  the rare events of broad scale fires in boreal forests to increase our understanding of the eff  ase our understanding of the effects of forest fires on the above factors. such fires occurred   a sites each in bodträskfors and muddus national park, using adjacent unburnt forests as refere  anding of the importance of large scale forest fires for the functioning and the dynamics of bo
7635	14	etals in accumulating plants for use in chemical processes for clean and simple syntheses requi  bjectives are the development of a real chemical industry valuation of contaminated biomass, pr  . beyond the environmental effects, the health risks are real: recent examples of concern and b  tals, can contain more than 1% of their dry matter zn nor, cd or cu. both techniques are comple   species adapted to the metal stress. a major issue that remains unresolved is the fate of the   t remains unresolved is the fate of the air plant biomass in which the metallic species came to  ecies as catalysts for high value-added chemical reactions. indeed, the tolerant plants and hyp  r of transition metals commonly used in organic chemistry. . most of them are developed on an i  reas of economic life. the conventional industrial production of these catalysts are expensive   gy from ores. it also has a significant environmental impact. ecochim engineering program aims   es. the ultimate goal is to have a real chemical industry valuation of natural remediation proc  nderpinning the program; she joined the plant ecology, microbial ecology, ecology of population  robial ecology, ecology of populations, analytical chemistry and organic chemistry ecological.   f populations, analytical chemistry and organic chemistry ecological. the transfer company and
15205	2	were selected in order to incorporate a wide range of cases: a discrete and sexual polymorphism  phism if the nectar robbers represent a selective pressure opposite to the one exerted by the p
14963	5	odynamic constraints, there is always a trade-off between efficiency and rate. recently, we hav   this high power is at the expense of a high degree of dissipation. in contrast, when extracell   fields such as metabolism, ecology and evolutionary biology. the work outlined in the current   nciples as well as methods derived from game theory and population dynamics. some of the predic  as methods derived from game theory and population dynamics. some of the predictions derived fr
10471	14	fuelled by concerns about the environmental impact of human activities, climate chang  cerns about the environmental impact of human activities, climate change and its affect on the   vironmental impact of human activities, climate change and its affect on the diversity, abundan   and animals have become among the most important issues of modern science. in this context, my  s that are the base of the global ocean food web. their sensitivity to environmental change, e.  rol the success of higher levels of the food chain. i focus on the fossil remains of calcareous  il remains of calcareous nannoplankton, microscopic algae that secrete intricate calcite and/or  secrete intricate calcite and/or by the chemical breakdown of rocks. to investigate this event   gate this event i will collect detailed fossil records and compare with records of plankton bur  the palaeoceanography and palaeoclimate research group, which is actively investigating critica  ely investigating critical intervals of climate change, and will collaborate with the us funded  ing at sediments from a global array of marine environments to record species differences assoc  to a rapid increase in atmospheric co2. calcium carbonate dissolves in acid and given the impor  . thirdly, i want to know whether rapid climate change today or at the petm is important in con
10049	7	stems face changing environments over a wide range of time-scales, from yearly changes to those  nging environments over a wide range of time-scales, from yearly changes to those occurring ove  onmental change has been intensified by human activities. therefore, a key task for understandi  tems, and for predicting the impacts of human activity on those systems, is to understand how e   ecosystem function. by virtue of rapid generation times and very large population sizes, they    bacteria have been widely used to test evolutionary hypotheses in vitro, but no previous studi   the interaction between ecological and evolutionary processes in ecosystems facing environment
2502	6	the rate and absolute magnitude of climate change in the last 150 ye       the rate and absolute magnitude of climate change in the last 150 years is expected to be   xperiment in unusually rapid selection. coastal ecosystems in general, and intertidal systems i  are likely to be profoundly affected by climate change because human impacts have already under  increasing temperatures associated with global warming. the proposal will contribute toward a p  ive model of climate induced changes in coastal ecosystems and appropriate societal responses.
14904	1	he carballedo hatchery, using trout and sea trout captured in the river lerez in all possible c
10164	1	the occurrence of emerging infectious diseases represent a substantial global thre
11247	1	the occurrence of emerging infectious diseases represent a substantial global thre
9859	21	invasive species are a major threat to global biodivers   with human introductions. the american grey squirrel, following multiple introductions into eu  ope, has had a massive impact on native red squirrel populations in the uk, italy and ireland,   nd ireland, causing major shifts in the red squirrel s range. in addition, grey squirrels in th   the red squirrel s range. in addition, grey squirrels in the uk have had an important impact o   disperse widely from italy, displacing red squirrels and harming agroindustry across europe. u  models predict the expansion of italian grey squirrels into france and switzerland within 20-30  0 years. hypotheses. however, models of grey squirrel expansion have been parameterized approxi  alian, british and irish populations of grey squirrels have expanded at substantially different  ers of introduced individuals different expansion rates are due primarily to different levels o  re due primarily to different levels of genetic diversity in the grey squirrel populations in i  rent levels of genetic diversity in the grey squirrel populations in italy and the uk. the rela  lative contributions of both factors to expansion rates will be assessed. results may have majo  irrels, and trapping programs and other field work at two italian and two british sites, one in  s and reds. management implications. if expansion rate of grey squirrels in italy is strongly l  ment implications. if expansion rate of grey squirrels in italy is strongly limited by low gene  els in italy is strongly limited by low genetic diversity, it will be important to prevent the   ereby increasing diversity and speeding expansion rate. this could be accomplished by eradicati  roductions, even of a few squirrels. if expansion rate is limited by competition from red squir  ion rate is limited by competition from red squirrels, it will be essential to prevent the intr  sion patterns are an important tool for conservation policy. the proposed research may help to
11784	2	relatives, which include parasites of a wide range of invertebrates, most famously msx disease   ental sequences will be used to improve phylogenetic reconstructions of endomyxa and their rela
14546	4	thors have recognized the boundaries as active transport surfaces between adjacent ecosystems a   several ecological attributes: biomass turnover rate, species diversity, spatial complexity, n  ity in human exploitation, as different land uses, then an increase in transport intensity is l  e functional connections because of the land uses changes which have occurred between points in
13480	5	. examples of such disturbances include climate change, overexploitation of natural resources,   ude climate change, overexploitation of natural resources, invasion of alien species and destru  es and destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats. the aims of the present project are t  sitivity and elasticity analysis at the community level. we believe that the new approaches to   ervation biology by identifying fragile ecosystem structures and keystone species.
12346	2	d in the intertidal environment. if the waste material from one site can be used to enhance ano  ged material for coastal protection and habitat conservation and will enable the uk to support
11410	6	ned with the ecological consequences of genetic variation. ecological communities are made up o  rmining the outcome of infection on the host community, and the resultant change in host commun   community, and the resultant change in host community species biodiversity. secondary aims are  sity plays in conjunction with parasite genetic diversity in shaping grassland community struct  tion management policy on how important genetic diversity is in maintaining species biodiversit  ersity on the ecology of yellow rattle. genetic analysis of yellow rattle will be undertaken at
9964	6	ned with the ecological consequences of genetic variation. ecological communities are made up o  rmining the outcome of infection on the host community, and the resultant change in host commun   community, and the resultant change in host community species biodiversity. secondary aims are  sity plays in conjunction with parasite genetic diversity in shaping grassland community struct  tion management policy on how important genetic diversity is in maintaining species biodiversit  ersity on the ecology of yellow rattle. genetic analysis of yellow rattle will be undertaken at
10638	5	evolved and is maintained by sexual and natural selection. however, we know little about why ev  . for example, many fishes have evolved new forms in lakes, but not in rivers, including stickl  totilapia calliptera help determine how evolutionary processes may be altered by modern environ  cs of the university of bristol and the natural history museum will provide a positive learning  tion genetics, experimental ecology and molecular phylogenetics.
7688	4	this research project builds on the results achieved by the   ine what is the flexibility in terms of agricultural production systems to set up or restore. .  rategies of organizing the diversity of crop rotations and crop sequences associated. . on this   establishment of frames. this new diva research program will allow lawyers to deepen their res
10722	1	f laboratory and field experiments, and data analysis from field surveys in both the uk and the
2117	1	ion going some 5000 years back into the bronze age. however, increases in numbers sheep density
7603	2	cal improvement soils affected by daily human activities and global changes. vivasol the projec  diversity, especially lombricidés, as a key element that can effectively control soil adaptabil
7632	13	ct to european regulations. now, if the climate changes, these crop areas may be limited. our g  nd common species for which we will use statistical models that will calculate crop areas with   l calculate crop areas with and without climate change. within an interdisciplinary group of la  r the regulation of changes produced by climate change on crop areas. the idea is to imagine in   a changing world. habitat destruction, invasive species and climate change are the most import  bitat destruction, invasive species and climate change are the most important threats to the bi  y of ecosystem services. in particular, global warming is affecting forest ecosystems at multip  particular, global warming is affecting forest ecosystems at multiple levels: species distribut  ability of forests to these changes for forest management planning and conservation of these ha  eir environmental aspirations face this climate change. it is essential to choose, design and i  nt of collection areas, however, if the climate changes, the provenance areas will no longer be  ion denouveaux genotypes on sites where local populations are already established but also on t   economic challenges posed by these new forest resources
13721	4	oal is to integrate studies of adaptive genetic variation in natural populations with ecologica  f populations at varying ecological and genetic distances will be quantified to evaluate the re  tified to evaluate the relative role of genetic drift versus locally varying selection pressure  pecific populations is important, since gene flow is generally thought to erode local adaptatio
15318	4	s have been traditionally considered as binary systems and studied in isolation from the effect   the performance of pollen germination, pollen tube growth or ovule fertilization. we formulate  y of important parameters of the sexual reproductive system of animal-pollinated plants, includ  t set, seed size, outcrossing rate, and genetic diversity and relatedness of maternal seed prog
15131	9	erse habitats including soil, water and marine sediments. recently, strains of this genus have   ing nodules. in the last four years our research group has isolated many micromonospora strains  r. taxonomic studies carried out by our research team indicate that many of these isolates repr  ese isolates represent new species. the significant numbers of micromonospora populations in th  e complete set of genes responsible for nitrogen fixation in legumes also remains to be studied  monospora and frankia suggest a lateral gene transfer between these microorganisms and deserves  d light into our understanding of their evolutionary history. our work has shown that micromono  y to produce secondary metabolites with biological activity. therefore some of these molecules   an play a significant role in low-input sustainable agriculture application for crops. with the
9921	1	tween larval chironomid communities and ecosystem structure: for example, assessing the specifi
7700	4	organic waste products the level where objects are units of pro  ts of production, processing and use of organic materials, stakeholder groups and where process  cesses are transformations and flows of organic materials, regulations, and costs. for both lev   region. consideration of situations in developing countries will increase the contrast, which
7717	1	r significant mobilization costs of the raw material. forest plantations
11071	3	ent aims to highlight the importance of climate change in relation to the ecology and viability   the ecology and viability of plant and animal species. climatic patterns worldwide are changin  e following issues: to what extent does global warming impact on the biology of particular spec
15209	1	in a framework of climatic change, and human activities, can affect the dynamics of communitie
7606	2	re the realities and the ecological and social issues of these spaces shared gardens and home g  d gardens for ecological engineering in urban areas this research aims to provide answers to th
7695	2	the results: institutional approach to development projects, relationships between characteris  ionships between characteristics of the green belt and agricultural activities, practices and s
2527	5	the rate and absolute magnitude of climate change in the last 150 ye       the rate and absolute magnitude of climate change in the last 150 years is expected to be   xperiment in unusually rapid selection. coastal ecosystems in general, and intertidal systems i  are likely to be profoundly affected by climate change because human impacts have already under  ive model of climate induced changes in coastal ecosystems and appropriate societal responses.
14891	2	the direct and indirect effects of climate change are likely to affect the distribution of  ne to assess the current state of scots pine forests in eastern spain at the regional scale, qu
7198	5	cological services: biomass production, soil conservation and biodiversity, and carbon storage,   on ecological processes, technical and social innovation processes and their interactions, to   techniques and more sustainable systems support systems. work proceeds in four fields of study   hysical sciences / technical sciences / social sciences, will strengthen the northern and south  e complex innovations for intensive but sustainable agriculture
13929	5	and sustainable methods for controlling insect pests. to achieve this we must understand the pr  les will be added to all stands. beetle population growth rate will be used as dependent variab   added to all stands. beetle population growth rate will be used as dependent variable. we also   population growth rate will be used as dependent variable. we also intend to continue to follo  d to continue to follow and analyse the population dynamics of leaf beetles and their natural e
14481	1	large regions to priorise activities of ecological restoration.
15294	11	soil is a natural resource with a high socio-economic value, but   ons but is very sensitive to changes in land uses and the presence of contaminants. mining acti  hey are a continuous source of risk for heavy metal pollution to soil, air, surface water and g  its content in soil in order to develop risk assessment systems. the risk caused to organisms i  il factors such as watering regime, ph, organic matter content, clay, etc.. which will influenc  sing the level of metals in soil is the first step to determine risk level. however, chemical a   step to determine risk level. however, chemical analysis alone is not adequate to comprehensiv   and to assess their transfer along the food web. however, monitoring campaigns to determine th  effect on soil biota. in this sense the new technologies of molecular biology applied to the de  . in this sense the new technologies of molecular biology applied to the development of biosens  o assess metal transference in the soil food web 4- to design the methodology t
15295	4	m with an unlimited capability to store toxic waste without generating, at least in the short t  ste without generating, at least in the short term, undesirable effects. it was in 1972 with th  hen it was recognized that soils were a natural resource that needed a special protection in or   analyse the spatial variability in the heavy metal content in soils, the available fraction an
14230	8	it is increasingly clear that environmental degradation and scarcity play a key role   nmental degradation and scarcity play a key role in conflicts and instability and consequently   the extent that needs for resources and environmental services can be met without damaging sust  systems. growing disequilibrium between human beings and other species is now increasing becaus   infrastructures, the rise in mobility, urban sprawl, agricultural practices and tourism are al  the project: 1 to analyze political and legal status of baltic sea region concerning environmen  ea. 3 conduct research in the fields of environmental policy, environmental impact assessment,    in the fields of environmental policy, environmental impact assessment, management and educati
14204	1	effect on structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. such analyses will provide us upscal
11050	3	lting from geographical isolation, is a driving force in speciation, but he also thought that p  ric speciation. during the last decade, mathematical models have shown that sympatric speciatio   comparison with an est library for the oil palm, provide possible functions for any orfs found
11841	3	lting from geographical isolation, is a driving force in speciation, but he also thought that p  ric speciation. during the last decade, mathematical models have shown that sympatric speciatio   comparison with an est library for the oil palm, provide possible functions for any orfs found
15108	1	cture-function of aquatic ecosystems to climate change.
14770	3	the andean rivers and the scarce water management tools available in andean countries and on t  ies to improve and increase their water quality control and management of the andean watersheds  utilization in zones where material and human resources are scarce. in addition, these results
14807	1	nt or absent. from this point stems the central objective of this project, the main aim of whic
10062	3	geneous landscapes, or those where some habitat types have been lost, act as barriers to the mo  cology, principally pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating, to sediments that have accumulated   to such stakeholders, as well as to the scientific community and to the wider public.
7708	1	n the logic of the millennium ecosystem assessment work results in the field of aquaculture. we
7661	5	urban pigeon is an integral part of urban ecosystems worldwide. despite it  worldwide. despite its pervasiveness in urban areas and proximity to urban dwellers, there is l  iveness in urban areas and proximity to urban dwellers, there is little known to scientists. ob  racterize the main zoonoses pigeon from blood samples and droppings. ec2: sampling of 2,000 pig  ity of the pigeon. ec6: correlative and experimental study of the influence of individual chara
7203	7	rs are among those most responsible for crop losses worldwide. management relies heavily on the  these products represents a significant financial burden for farmers and it frequently leads to  imensions to be interested in the whole life cycle of organisms and habitats that they all atte  nd and, secondly, largely determine the population dynamics through recurrent episodes of dispe  osystem compartments. adapting to their host plant- plant will be the first part of the project  lity combining graph theory and dynamic game theory will also be developed to study the impact   mies; this knowledge will help identify risk factors for the protection of plants and offer the
14163	10	climate change is able to initate modifications in mari  nge is able to initate modifications in marine ecosystems, the most radical ones are so called   shifts. these abrupt reorganizations of ecosystem structure may alter biodiversity and carrying  em structure may alter biodiversity and carrying capacity, together with a changed balance in e  ity, together with a changed balance in energy transfer through the pelagic and benthic systems  s. in addition to climate, a variety of human activities may either modify the climate-induced   a shift to exogenous feeding during the larval stage is the most critical life history stage wh  g the larval stage is the most critical life history stage where failure to find suitable food   ct is to describe and analyze, based on long term, datasets individual and population-level per  population-level performance of various life history stages of marine fish in the gulf of riga
15062	2	is kind of mimicry is very common among bird species worldwide but is still poorly studied, in   in the first case, we will focus on the learning processes, represented by either true imitatio
14633	4	the study of social behaviour and cooperation among vertebrates is a   and cooperation among vertebrates is a central issue in evolutionary biology. the paradox of t  among vertebrates is a central issue in evolutionary biology. the paradox of the seemingly altr  h general implications in the fields of evolutionary biology, behavioural ecology, socio-biolog
14801	2	organisms combining sexual and asexual reproduction in their life cycle are good model  exual and asexual reproduction in their life cycle are good models for investigating ecological
15311	1	just one or a few species of each kind evolutionary biologists have devoted a large body of re
6739	6	plants from nurseries and greenhouses. global climate change can also facilitate dispersal and   from nurseries and greenhouses. global climate change can also facilitate dispersal and probab  ese changes are fast on an evolutionary time scale; therefore only species capable of quickly a  e will look at ecological tolerance and life history strategies in model populations of widely   s-pairs. we will conduct laboratory and field observations and experiments on developmental sta  sticity. such plasticity, especially in life history parameters, is of high adaptive value ther
14124	7	dered one of the most important aims of environmental policy in europe. the botanical focus of    grasslands has been to protect rare or endangered species that are characteristic to these com   successful conservation and management experimental study of endangered species has been an in  on and management experimental study of endangered species has been an inevitable part of activ  lishment and further growth of selected endangered species will be studied in a series of field  ology of disturbance-related herbs. our working hypotheses are: regime and can play a major rol  play a major role in the recruitment of endangered species. the results of our research will be
15033	4	with current trends of climatic change, invasive species are predicted to become more numerous   d to become more numerous and may cause major problems for the environment and regional ecomomi  ies in the future. as such the study of exotic species to predict their invasion potential and   t it is debated if we can predict which exotic species may become invasive and if there are par
14758	1	roductive patterns studied in different human populations allow to know the influence of socio-
10214	6	interaction between the environment and learning processes that occur early in the life histori  rning processes that occur early in the life histories of coral reef fishes, we model the dispe  at occur early in the life histories of coral reef fishes, we model the dispersal and subsequen  ur early in the life histories of coral reef fishes, we model the dispersal and subsequent recr  gy of learning in embryos and larvae of coral reef fishes. i will use results from these studie  learning in embryos and larvae of coral reef fishes. i will use results from these studies to t
10949	3	n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio  oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com  ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b
11056	3	n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio  oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com  ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b
11425	3	n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio  oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com  ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b
11432	3	n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio  oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com  ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b
9893	3	n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio  oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com  ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b
9900	3	n to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard bio  oorings. the supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic com  ar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, b
2037	2	loss and increase of biodiversity in marine ecosystems over relatively short periods of time   some of the ideas will be applied in a case study of the north sea or the wadden sea. selectio
1943	7	this project is part of a research programme that aims to develop multidisciplina  cy strategy on agro- biodiversity. this research project is directed towards the economic impli  doc, with a background in economics and business administration, conducts analyses taking the p  istration, conducts analyses taking the public good theory and the new institutional economy as   and the new institutional economy as a starting point. with a special attention to market anal  ting point. with a special attention to market analysis, an assessment of potential market shar  et analysis, an assessment of potential market shares as well as an assessment of optimality of
2103	1	is to achieve a better understanding of marine ecosystem management with a combination of ecolo
2203	2	dget generates the largest reduction in social costs from aquatic species invasion. the ultimat  he best management strategy for species risk management. this, in turn, requires three classes
12513	12	y of organic farming and the effects of government policies on the organic sector and public po  5 accounting for ca. 4% of agricultural land use on 3500 holdings, with 10-20% growth expected    market has also grown rapidly, with uk retail sales up 30% in 2005 to £1.6 billion. the decisi  transparent price setting procedures in organic food markets and effective policy-making all re  ffective policy-making all require good financial data and a soundly-based understanding of the  rst two project objectives cover annual data collection and reporting on organic farm business   t present, therefore some supplementary data collection is required to balance the samples to b  m business data have been collected and annual reports on the output, costs and income situatio  im of fully integrating organic farming data collection into the main annual farm business surv  s, aberystwyth will continue to produce annual reports analysing the results for different orga   providing an improved understanding of key issues where policy intervention or adjustments mig  l benefit through access to data on the financial performance of organic farms and the potentia
14970	2	capacity of these species to cope with climate change. this main objective will be reached by   ing out ten specific tasks scheduled to take place in continental mediterranean locations .
14433	5	d by water stress and other unfavorable environmental factors. the majority of terrestrial plan  a rhodopensis dehydrated at optimal and high temperatures; 2 to assess the effect of light duri  ea growing at low or high irradiance in natural habitat. the effect of stress treatments will b  n plants subjected to desiccation under high temperature or irradiance as well as during recove   too. the analysis of the dsps and hsps gene expression pattern and the expression of the main
13870	3	current environmental issues in the baltic environment are the   effects of i high light intensities . a central question to be answered is will uvbr function a   be answered is will uvbr function as a selective pressure thereby altering the microalgal biod
2208	5	r project are to: • develop an adaptive management program for the sustainable use of lake recr  ll involve o an experimental whole lake management study focused on the effect of catch and rel  ent areas on fish community and overall ecosystem dynamics. • investigate the effects of differ  ffects of different fish harvestings on ecosystem dynamics. focus will be on the analysis of re  critical changes in the systems. theses management tools will be developed together with the ot
2514	5	f the worlds largest stocks of herring, blue whiting, mackerel, capelin, cod, haddock and saith  observed range of climatic variability, statistical models parameterised for the present climat  al dynamics of the fish stocks over the entire life cycle and their interactions with the envir  mics of the fish stocks over the entire life cycle and their interactions with the environment   or present day climate and for a future climate change scenario. eco-harvest control rules for
6729	1	f dental erodation in order to discover eating habits, to give a morphometric analysis of the l
14988	3	r knowledge about the ecology of marine coastal waters has significantly increased. however, th  ological problems fishes are vectors of organic carbon transport between algal assemblages and   from contributing to increase basic and general knowledge, we expect that the outcomes of our r
14989	3	r knowledge about the ecology of marine coastal waters has significantly increased. however, th  ological problems fishes are vectors of organic carbon transport between algal assemblages and   from contributing to increase basic and general knowledge, we expect that the outcomes of our r
2073	3	rdisciplinary covering the axis ecology-social sciences aiming at identifying the determinants   ariability and internal dynamics within plant communities can bring about long lasting transiti  esource use and climatic variation. the social science studies are based on the expectation tha
2086	3	rdisciplinary covering the axis ecology-social sciences aiming at identifying the determinants   ariability and internal dynamics within plant communities can bring about long lasting transiti  esource use and climatic variation. the social science studies are based on the expectation tha
10720	1	commercial sector, and to regional and national governments. the ppd grant will allow us to re
15482	1	w this, in turn, determines the spatial self-organization of species and ecosystems. the outcom
10106	1	s within a 50 square km area of lowland rain forest. now i propose to return to these plots to
13754	3	tal actors have human-centered aims for restoration projects based on particular expertise and    funding is allocated towards ecosystem restoration projects based upon articulated aims of eit  ore inherent tensions in, and potential added values of, restoration. we will: propose ways to
11402	6	given increasing political and public concern for the environment, and resulting chang  vely managed or restored grasslands are key elements of managed and natural landscapes, and mee  pothesis and its relevance to local and regional development by producing a conceptual model of  and regional development by producing a conceptual model of relationships among plant and micro  f local stakeholders, land managers and policy makers, to meet these needs by transferring know   rural development will be delivered to policy makers. outreach to managers and the public will
481	2	given increasing political and public concern for the environment, and resulting chang  ified, and their relationships to plant-microbial diversity linkages analysed. wp6 will use a s
10141	4	ystem services in response to high risk natural hazards and accelerated environmental changes w   and increase resilience of the poor of natural hazards, and enhancing the capacity of central   d enhancing the capacity of central and local authorities to co-ordinate and implement the mana  t schemes by the engagement with policy/decision makers from the early consortium building stag
11169	4	ystem services in response to high risk natural hazards and accelerated environmental changes w   and increase resilience of the poor of natural hazards, and enhancing the capacity of central   d enhancing the capacity of central and local authorities to co-ordinate and implement the mana  t schemes by the engagement with policy/decision makers from the early consortium building stag
13987	8	agricultural production is expected to continue to expa  to expand globally, despite substantial trade-offs with other ecosystem services. this has led   stinct bundles that change with altered land uses, spatial scales and management practices, and  ica, where we have substantial previous field experience and are well connected to researchers,  ll connected to researchers, actors and policy makers. both landscapes contain large-scale comm  ial farming, small-scale farming, and a national park/nature reserve. using case studies from t  mall-scale farming, and a national park/nature reserve. using case studies from two widely diff  d a national park/nature reserve. using case studies from two widely different landscapes will
7675	11	ltiple spatial and temporal scales. our interdisciplinary research team proposes to explore thi   temporal scales. our interdisciplinary research team proposes to explore this network hypothes  nder combined scenarios of land-use and climate change for the grenoble urban region in the fre   ecosystem services are interconnected. trade-offs and synergies will be quantified by a specif   the urban region, we will focus on two case study sub-systems: the intensively farmed valley u  andscape of forests and grasslands in a mountain range south of the city. as beneficiaries of e   be involved in formulating the project working hypotheses and scenarios. these scenarios will   . these scenarios will build on current urban planning exercises by public authorities, and dow   on current urban planning exercises by public authorities, and downscaling of land-use and cli  rities, and downscaling of land-use and climate change projections. we will engage stakeholders  ison of scenarios and the assessment of trade-offs in order to foster a dialog on development p
14328	1	in this research proposal, we target to provide insight on the
12594	12	rategic mapping and spatial analysis of public benefits . the overall aim of this defra project  ill assess the availability of data and scientific evidence on peatland ecosystem service provi  ity of the evidence base using detailed case studies. the concept of ecosystem services is inte  erdisciplinary and critically linked to human welfare and societal choice. therefore, a transdi  partnership, one of the biggest uk peat restoration projects, in collaboration with internation  and and lowland peatlands demonstration case study sites in different states of degradation and  system services for each site. for each case study we will identify and map key ecosystem servi   provided by peat. the project team has direct access to a large number of potential sites and   t flows for ecosystem services from the case study sites and map opportunity and conflict zones  he transferability of results from each case study to other areas. as a result the project will  to provide recommendations to scope and set-up a phase 2 peatland ecosystem service project in   linary approach by involving social and environmental scientists and key stakeholders from the
7629	8	major environmental challenge. indeed, urban areas are characterized by extreme human impacts   describe the impact of threats to non - urban areas for decades, and propose appropriate manage  service of pollination in urban and non-urban areas. the ever increasing impact of human activi  an areas. the ever increasing impact of human activities on the biosphere is strongly linked to  of cities worldwide, almost 50 % of the human population lives in cities grimm [ 2008 ]. in met  , more than ¾ of the population live in urban areas, which currently cover nearly 20 % of the t  y native species or the introduction of exotic species reach extreme values ​​in urban areas. w  xotic species reach extreme values ​​in urban areas. well, this denotes the cities as a new bio
1092	2	the research program aims at comparing the relationship bet  so to study the brackish bentho-pelagic food webs. the analysis of multispectral and multiscala
15116	5	uate the quality of the territory using biodiversity indicators at landscape and ecosystem leve  iodiversity of soil and the aboveground plant communities. the proposed methodology and sustain   the way these services are affected by human activities. it is also expected to establish, if   heritage critical level, defined as the natural resources essential and impossible to replace a   it is expected to provide planning and management tools, and also to offer future sceneries of
15117	5	uate the quality of the territory using biodiversity indicators at landscape and ecosystem leve  iodiversity of soil and the aboveground plant communities. the proposed methodology and sustain   the way these services are affected by human activities. it is also expected to establish, if   heritage critical level, defined as the natural resources essential and impossible to replace a   it is expected to provide planning and management tools, and also to offer future sceneries of
7168	2	es that ensure the stability of lowland deciduous forests. the results show that a representati  ative ectomycorrhizal community of many deciduous forests of western and central europe plain i
7565	2	ommunities associated with two types of deciduous forests, one materialized by an old oak grove  r questions, statements and mycorrhizal fruiting bodies will be performed at various spatial an
14946	1	ants threatened populations and for the ecological restoration of their habitats, especially wh
13741	4	mentation on biodiversity with focus on boreal forest edges. the main objective is to assess th  ture of edges are quantified in digital aerial photographs. vascular plants, lichens and beetle  odel will be constructed for predicting edge effects on biodiversity at landscape level. expect  evel. expected outputs include width of buffer zones around key biotopes, minimum patch size fo
13318	1	rtium so constituted unites the premier natural history collections-based institutions, to prog
15269	5	the nitrogen total inputs to evergreen holm oak forests in the northeastern region of the iber  nitrogen total inputs to evergreen holm oak forests in the northeastern region of the iberian p  al models in use for the calculation of critical loads for n will be applied, in order to deter  determine the protection state of these holm oak forests.   mine the protection state of these holm oak forests.
199	3	wing trees. saplings of european aspen, silver birch, triploid aspen and hybrid aspen will be g  humidity might decrease with increasing growth rate both at the level of one species and in com  cy in mineral nutrients and decrease in growth rate. experiments in growth chambers and leaf ch
2055	1	and without particular adaptations. the research team combines molecular, phylogeographic, and
15302	1	the freshwater fish fauna of the western mediterranean has
198	4	nal morphology and electrophysiology in click beetles and ground beetles . functioning of anten  onment will be given much attention. by gas chromatography-electroantennography method chemical  heromone and kairomone communication in click beetles and ground beetles will be studied. mecha  se insects will be explained also. some international cooperation with swedish pheromone chemis
7123	3	n the capabilities of mineralization of organic matter, the possibility of alteration of soil m  the composition and functioning of soil microbial populations. so we are in the situation where  e a central element in the stability of forest ecosystems, absorbing unit
538	7	ationship between environmental change, land use changes, biodiversity, and functioning of fore  anges, biodiversity, and functioning of forest ecosystems. the network has a strong focus on de  essing the impact of environmental- and land use changes on microbial diversity and function an   environmental- and land use changes on microbial diversity and function and exploring the evol  ly by taking into account the impact of forest management on microbial diversity below ground c  ount the impact of forest management on microbial diversity below ground can one hope to get a   useful information for conservation and policy making.
6910	2	r management strategies on the fauna of apple orchards. an apple orchard with integrated plant   gies on the fauna of apple orchards. an apple orchard with integrated plant projection will be
15289	2	. the aim of this subproject is analyse plant diversity of arable fields and field boundaries r   definition of a balanced management of crop production and biodiversity conservation in medite
7202	5	the project and expected results of the research project concerns microger microbial ecology in  gy in agricultural and forest soils and environmental issues related to it. the soil is one of   the soil is one of larger reservoirs of microbial diversity. the composition and functioning of   in other words, genetic and functional microbial diversity of agricultural and forest ecosyste  microbial diversity of agricultural and forest ecosystems nont never been associated. the netwo
12507	3	reliance on legume derived nitrogen but long term fertility building leys are expensive, partic  , iger. the project will be guided by a steering committee. benefits this project is of direct    be of benefit to other stakeholders eg policy makers and regulatory bodies.
11669	13	process is expected to lead to loss of genetic variation in the region flanking the target of   replacement of the typical morph of the peppered moth, biston betularia, by the black carbonari  progressively eroded over time, and for genetic diversity to have been at least partially resto   to both space and time, by integrating genetic information not only from samples collected at   lection and dispersal, whose impacts on genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium are expect  n space and time. secondly, it provides documentary evidence of a clinal selective sweep, as op  ultiple mutational origins. patterns in genetic diversity will be explained with respect to sel  to the understanding of science. beyond evolutionary biologists, this is relevant both to the g  iologists, this is relevant both to the general public, who are already familiar with the story   are already familiar with the story of industrial melanism in peppered moths, and to environme  ith the story of industrial melanism in peppered moths, and to environmental policy makers who   rial melanism in peppered moths, and to environmental policy makers who need to appreciate the   in peppered moths, and to environmental policy makers who need to appreciate the evolutionary r
14434	4	e management of environment, studies on natural habitats’ fragmentation become more intensive.   ine the effect of ski-runs in the pirin national park on the biodiversity of 7 model groups of   f model groups will be determined using different approaches based on the method of study plots   exists, with the aim to minimizing the negative effects on biodiversity.
10175	3	quantitative measurements will be made of rates of gene   single filaments of cyanobacteria from laboratory cultures. quantitative pcr assays will be de  rates of rbc genes and genes coding for gas vesicle proteins will be determined in planktothrix
7697	1	fectiveness of ecological continuity in rural areas, given that this type of space is now also
13806	4	climate change will lead to shifts in species distribut  establishment rate and pattern. we will start up by simulating fictitious species’ colonization   for a red-listed moss as a function of dead wood quantity and turnover under different scenari  d turnover under different scenarios of climate change. predictions of future species distribut
2068	1	teraction for plant seed production and population dynamics is examined. finally, an experiment
14814	7	itions that will increase the degree of abiotic stress experienced by these areas. these change   proposal is to evaluate the effects of abiotic stress on two terrestrial ecosystems ecosystem   ion, structure and functioning along an abiotic stress gradient. this proposal will provide rel  l will provide relevant information for policy makers to establish legislation aiming to mitiga  ation aiming to mitigate the effects of climate change, and for land managers to establish appr   land managers to establish appropriate land use policies in mediterranean gypsum and alpine sh   in europe and are highly vulnerable to climate change.
14754	2	ysiology and the original habitat of an endangered species erica andevalensis cabezudo & rivera  al parameters important to the study of heavy metal resistance and excluding mechanisms. the lo
15270	1	deposition , and the secretariat of the executive body of clrtap. both institutions will be ext
15216	4	on of atmospheric nitrogen derived from human activities through changes in different structura  erranean scrub ecosystem represented by kermes oak thickets in a protected area in the center o  low us to approach the knowledge of the critical load of the system, understood as the entry of  hanged but above it shows the rapid and drastic changes such as loss of biodiversity.
13614	2	ion in combination with new surveys and data analyses, the proposed project provides a unique o  alyses, the proposed project provides a unique opportunity to evaluate effects of changes in cl
2172	5	he forest-alpine transition zone due to global warming. since steep temperature-productivity gr  , two fundamental effects are expected: remote sensing. this technology is the most sensitive a  e to detect local and rapid change over short time periods and extensive areas at reasonable co   of elevation gradients, and changes in tree line and biomass stores in the mountain forest wil  nt and growth of trees along the alpine tree line. by doing so, we will be able to provide esti
416	4	rial forests. laminaria digitata is the dominant species along the brittany coast where it is h  susceptibility of l. digitata stands to physical stresses. our results show that l. digitata st  otentially threatened by the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activity. indeed, l. d  f the populations. finally, even though genetic diversity seems to be decreasing under the effe
2002	2	the effects of changes in temperature, water table and n input on growth and competition betwe  h and the concentrations of the various chemical compounds that affect dead moss decomposition.
13533	1	ect effects mediated via changes in the carrying capacity. the objectives of this project is: a
15100	5	general circulation models predict an increase in temperature a  ring the next decades. these effects of climate change are likely to affect the functioning and  affect the functioning and structure of forest ecosystems and, ultimately, the distribution of   eciduous oaks to analyze the effects of climate change on vegetative growth and acorn productio  getative growth and acorn production of holm oak and deciduous oaks by modelling techniques.
14920	7	limate exerts a major influence on soil organic carbon content and, consequently, there is incr  ks resulting in the stimulation of soil organic matter mineralization with associated release o  associated release of co2 and dissolved organic carbon describing the possible mechanisms invol  d and feedback effects by developping a mathematical model which would allow to link biodiversi  ch would allow to link biodiversity and carbon cycle. these three aims will provide a better un  nal response of peatlands ecosystems to global warming and, therefore, will reduce uncertainati  , will reduce uncertainaties for future climate change predictions.
15397	10	ces for the distribution, phenology and life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming majo  d life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming majority of studies conducted in the palae  onents of the ecosystem are affected by climate change. in the present project, variation in li  e. in the present project, variation in life history traits of some bird species is examined in  ariation in life history traits of some bird species is examined in relation to environmental f  in aims are to study the: 1. effects of climate warming on life history traits of birds using l  y the: 1. effects of climate warming on life history traits of birds using long-term data in me  mediterranean ecosystems. 4. effects of climate change on demographic parameters of coexisting   species in the mediterranean region. 5. genetic diversity and differentiation of insectivorous   in wetlands and their implications in a climate change scenario.
15384	2	recent decades and atmospheric general circulation models , and will try to determine whether   ssociated with corresponding changes in plant community composition, structure or ecophysiologi
2139	7	obes and soil fauna use litter and soil organic matter as energy, carbon and nutrient sources f   increase in the mineralisation of soil organic matter by microbes and microarthropods, which a  cies, species and population densities, life cycles, population dynamics and turnover in microa   and population densities, life cycles, population dynamics and turnover in microarthopod commu  d research will be complementary to the ongoing research, and the role of the microarthropods i  ystem will be elucidated. sampling will take place in existing field plots, in addition to esta  urbations within the ecosystems, and by laboratory studies.
2080	7	climate change may have profound effects on insects tha  rtality and have significant impacts on forest ecosystems. the spruce bark beetle . the project  mpacts on forest ecosystems. the spruce bark beetle . the project aims at increasing our unders   climatic factors influence the risk of bark beetle outbreaks through tempo-spatial analyses of  m and the risk of damages by the spruce bark beetle will be estimated under various scenarios o  be estimated under various scenarios of climate change. the results will be made available for    available for economical modelling and forest management adaptations in various districts of n
10526	2	ses in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide , one of the centres of excellence for m  ience in the uk and with an established track record of research into co2-driven changes in sea
13855	2	ght and nutrient availability, existing experimental studies mainly manipulate nutrient load on  ant growth and determine the quality of organic matter transfer to higher trophic levels. recen
10814	10	the next fifty years will be a critical time for life on this planet. our actions with  generation has had such responsibility. coral reefs are the most biologically diverse of marine  fs are the most biologically diverse of marine ecosystems and are arguably the most deeply thre  r lost worldwide largely as a result of climate change, overexploitation and pollution. we urge  al human pressures and is on the global front line of coral reef degradation. it is also the wo  ures and is on the global front line of coral reef degradation. it is also the world centre of   ow they are affected by factors such as body size, size at maturity, depth range and desirabili  reef degradation. it is the aim of this pilot project to gather data on the causes and rates of  ocus public attention on the problem of coral reef degradation, the consequences of biodiversit  es of biodiversity loss for today s and future generations, and the importance of action to ame
10954	2	of the species together with associated gene flow and will be interpreted in relation to the cu  ted number of winter samples and from a time series of samples from the eastern american seaboa
13829	1	on polypore-living insects was done the first year. three manuscripts based on data collected e
13467	2	opulations and the complex interplay of population dynamics and population genetics. i will use  t are fundamental within ecological and evolutionary biology research, and of considerable rele
11682	1	de quantitative inventories of plants . data analysis of community-wide properties of each asse
2005	4	inities via the quality and quantity of carbon source inputs into the system. fot rerestrial ec  estrial ecosystems, it is expected that global climate changes will affect plants most directly   ecosystems, it is expected that global climate changes will affect plants most directly, and t  dance of fungi and bacteria, as well as functional groups within thes microbial groups, with pa
12193	2	large declines in uk farmland bird populations have become a major conservation issue  nd bird populations have become a major conservation issue and the uk government is committed t
2095	5	de novo by the fish, but stem from the natural food of the species. carotenoids could have bot  arotenoids could have both positive and negative effects on the viability of fish eggs and larv  ability to avoid deleterious effects of free radicals during growth. however, too high intake o  tain carotenoids has been shown to have negative effects. in salmon, there seems to be a consid  evant for a proper management of viable salmon populations.
13441	5	ked alluvial fan in the kalahari basin, north-east botswana. it comprises a rich mosaic of habi   and initiates forage growth during the dry season, allowing the area to support a wide variety  ls and plants, making it a major global tourist attraction with its unique biodiversity and aes   strategies and to assess the potential environmental impacts of the delta´s principal conserva  mental impacts of the delta´s principal conservation issues. this will be achieved by gathering
423	5	rature of the whole water column in the continental shelf of the bay of biscay increased by abo  e bay of biscay increased by about 1°c. temporal data sets from scientific trawl surveys were u   the three last decades, in relation to climate change and effects of fishery. during the ninet  e effects. total landings of the french fishing fleets operating in the region reflect these ch  geographical origin of fishes and their market value, and prices changes have been strongly inf
7140	4	the impacts of fishing and climate change on ecological processes in maintaining e  als -centrée. a statistical analysis of time series approach to biological, environmental and f  ding to the effects of fishing and / or climate change. changes in commercial fisheries of the   f temperatures and changes over time of fishing fleets on this structure will be simulated by a
14966	2	g evidences indicate that the temperate river systems, and in particular those in the mediterra   to the comprehension of the effects of climate change on mediterranean stream ecosystems.
14469	4	cale; to calculate basic descriptors of genetic diversity at species, inter- and intrapopulatio   and intrapopulation level; to estimate gene flow rates of different species; to identify spati  entation that are necessary to maintain genetic diversity; to correlate genetic parameters with  e both in situ and ex situ conservation action plans.
7125	2	This research project aims to study the impact of global cha  ntext, essential to tackle the issue of climate change impacts on biodiversity and functioning
540	6	ful information to find out their major driving forces. understanding the impact of climate cha  ing forces. understanding the impact of climate change on these ecosystems, the management of t  mpile and validate several multidecadal time series of planktonic and other physical driving fo  series of planktonic and other physical driving forces at local and regional scales. then, the    atlantic climate variability, although abrupt changes in different local community composition  the north sea . on the other hand, both climate change and the improvement of trophic status in
15184	1	logy. that is, microbial communities in inland waters are linked by dispersal making up the met
15315	1	logy. that is, microbial communities in inland waters are connected by dispersal making up a me
15245	2	habitat modification by land use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss,  scarce. landscape modification by human land use is also considered to be one of the major driv
13953	1	ion on biodiversity of macrofauna using mussel beds as a model system. habitat loss is a main c
13830	1	he coastal zone. the effect of juvenile growth rate on the survival during later life stages wi
12177	4	and historic features, and they play a key role in wildlife conservation, stock management, sh  c features, and they play a key role in wildlife conservation, stock management, shelter and er  important future role in adaptation for climate change by facilitating the movement of species    on factors such as hedgerow structure. data analysis at the end of the project will inform any
11547	7	inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity are believed to reduce the ability of  s and t. gallinae/l. marchouxi by feral ground dove populations on mauritius. genetic and pedig  on in inbreeding within each endangered bird population. sympatric populations of the introduce  ced indian ringneck parakeet and barred ground dove will provide out-bred control populations.   mmunocompetence across breeding and non-breeding seasons and provide estimates of heritability   nd provide estimates of heritability of immune response. existing studies assume low immunocomp  h of the four populations using the pha skin test and hemolysis-haemagglutination assays. pha m
2136	9	ding norwegian spring spawning herring, blue whiting, mackerel and horse mackerel. these plankt  ing herring, blue whiting, mackerel and horse mackerel. these planktivorous stocks have substan   therefore remains a major challenge in marine ecology. the main goal of the project is to quan  ntify the interactions between herring, blue whiting, mackerel and horse mackerel in the norweg  een herring, blue whiting, mackerel and horse mackerel in the norwegian sea. this goal will be   gh a combined effort involving historic data analysis and modeling. the project will benefit st  their overlap and interactions over the life cycle. the project will improve our understanding   ystem management including estimates of carrying capacity of planktivorous fish and distributio  h and distribution of fish stocks among economic zones.
13944	1	tem that has received a large influx of exotic species. the relative importance of local and re
14718	6	land use and climate changes have been suggested as the                             land use and climate changes have been suggested as the two main thr  thesised as one of the most affected by global climate change. in the particular case of spain,  d as one of the most affected by global climate change. in the particular case of spain, it cou   and simulated models on the effects of climate change on species distribution and abundance. s  enarios of simultaneously landscape and climate change on habitat suitability for the studied s
14833	6	present the evidence of the effects of climate change on calluna heath is very limited. howeve  ed project is to analyse the effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversi   analyse the effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversity, dynamic and   effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversity, dynamic and functioning o  et heathlands located in the cantabrian mountain range at the southern distribution limit, and   ed, and on a large scale as a result of climate change, which can displace current conditions t
14832	6	present the evidence of the effects of climate change on calluna heath is very limited. howeve  ed project is to analyse the effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversi   analyse the effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversity, dynamic and   effects of climate change, land use and forest fires on biodiversity, dynamic and functioning o  et heathlands located in the cantabrian mountain range at the southern distribution limit, and   ed, and on a large scale as a result of climate change, which can displace current conditions t
15207	1	he project are: 1 to assess whether the water source to evaluate the impact of climatic change
15218	1	vasion and has expanded over the doñana national park in the last decades. this crayfish is an
13968	2	auna cause stronger reactions among the general public as cormorants, and these problems have b  ween the nutrient content of plants and life history characteristics.
2515	2	stitutes a key component of the pelagic food web in the north sea and north atlantic/barents se  orth sea and north atlantic/barents sea negative effects could have a massive impact at the eco
14184	8	recognizing the increasing chemical pollution of the environment, more agricultura   population later. experiments with the lethal doses provide not an entire picture of action of  timate the effect of the reduced or sub-lethal doses. chemical intoxication with sub-lethal dos  l doses. chemical intoxication with sub-lethal doses may alter the physiological functioning of  r winter. even though the action of sub-lethal doses on pests has been investigated up to a cer  of the various organ systems and mutual functional dependence. this method facilitates immediat  l condition of insect caused by several stress factors. this project is a continuation of our p  sed on influence of some pesticides sub-lethal doses and in elaboration of scientific grounds f
13488	4	ocations in northern scandinavia. large mesh size reindeer exclosures and small mesh size exclo  mesh size reindeer exclosures and small mesh size exclosures that excludes voles and lemmings w  re. i will study how reindeer influence plant community composition, dynamics of carbon and nit  cted to be favored by a warmer climate. field studies will be combined with mathematical modeli
14900	3	the scientific community is committed to search approaches   ty is committed to search approaches of ecological restoration that allow to conciliate ecosyst  mprove the sustainability in the use of natural resources. the major goal of this proposal is t
13739	1	this migration and its importance as a driving force for the transition between states. furthe
13844	3	a large number of associated plant and animal species on the swedish west coast. the proposed   t will be performed by a combination of field observations, field experiments, artificial cross  l crossing experiments, and genetic and chemical analyses, where the biodiversity of associated
12576	1	programme by evaluating the effects of heavy metal additions on soil fertility and agricultura
11769	4	on the density-dependent regulation of population growth rates and the fecundity of their cons  sity-dependent regulation of population growth rates and the fecundity of their constituent ind  ndity of their constituent individuals. population growth decreases with population density as   ditic populations. the results of these experimental studies will be used to parameterise model
9906	4	on the density-dependent regulation of population growth rates and the fecundity of their cons  sity-dependent regulation of population growth rates and the fecundity of their constituent ind  ndity of their constituent individuals. population growth decreases with population density as   ditic populations. the results of these experimental studies will be used to parameterise model
13698	3	g programs on timber quality in planted norway spruce. effects of regeneration treatments and t  increase the long-term profitability of norway spruce plantations in scandinavia. the hypothesi  atments affect growth and morphology of norway spruce in a predictable way and this will also a
15272	3	e a main process in the constitution of plant communities, which components of species mobility  tial point patterns of the organisms in plant communities is an excellent tool that allows us t  hip between the spatial pattern and the environmental factors allows us to evaluate the role of
1088	4	ecomposers, soil factors, pollution and global warming, but the role of biodiversity remains ef  . the expected results by the different research units will be used to develop a new integrated   model built during a previous national research programme. the simulation results will be stat  nd stochastic approaches and the use of neural networks. this will make possible a model evalua
15446	7	proliferate studies within the scope of climate change. we will be able to discern changes in e  hanges in ecosystem processes caused by climate change from those of natural variability if we    a national action on adaptation to the climate change is enough to understand that it is very   of temperature on earth. the effects of climate change on ecosystems, the headwater streams inc  tion, by its repercussion on the global carbon cycle, as warming can enhance decomposition rate   substrates, with potentially different biotic communities, within a given region, is similar o  n stream ecosystems under the projected climate change scenarios.
15517	3	global climate change is one of the principal threats t                                   global climate change is one of the principal threats to the c  important in quantifying the impacts of climate change, since it could lead to considerable und
14790	2	species communities, if it is favouring exotic species or endangering native species, and if th  ore specifically we pretend to describe plant communities, to predict future changes in these c
15099	3	des. both climatic trends may alter the growing season and the phenological organization of med  hypothesize that the lengthening of the growing season promoted by the predicted temperature ri  proposal are: to analyse the effects of climate change on the dynamics of growth and acorn prod
15021	6	een conditioned by different historical-political situations, particularly in the last millenni  study, directly through the analysis of skeletal remains, the impact of migratory and/or cultur  her nearby populations. one of the most interesting questions is the transition between local c  us projects question the origin and the evolutionary changes of population of majorca from a bi  cal, biochemical and genetic level. the main items to analyse are two representative funerary s  esentative funerary series from minorca bronze age drx. all these analyses attempt to establish
14645	5	also conditoned by different historical-political situations, particularly in the last two mile  study, directly through the analysis of skeletal remains, the impact of migratory and/or cultur  her nearby populations. one of the most interesting questions is the transition betwen local cu  ical, biochemical and genetic level.the main items to analyse are: 1 bronze age minorcan necrop   level.the main items to analyse are: 1 bronze age minorcan necropolis from a morfological, dem
14755	6	cies could imply several changes in the food web to which it belongs inducing, for example, fur  e relationship between biodiversity and food webs is obvious, and it should be deepened in thos  pecies. the experience developed by the research team making this proposal in community assembl  these objectives. the inclusion in this research team of two mathematicians, experts in differe   team of two mathematicians, experts in differential equations and graph analysis, will permit   t, being widely called for, but that no research group in this country, nor any overseas specia
15385	3	profound effects on the functioning of forest ecosystems and, because of this, contribute to d  titive equilibria between evergreen and deciduous tree species may strongly depend on leaf prod  titive equilibria between evergreen and deciduous tree species.
13524	1	in climate and top predators may impact ecosystem structures.
6955	2	ational readthrough is required for the gene expression of many plant viruses. therefore we hyp  nce might be durable as to break it the gene expression strategy of the virus should be complet
11869	3	uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide by very small, single celled organisms,   enotypes, the factors that dictate this global community structure are still poorly defined. th  vironmental parameters that dictate the growth rate and yield of these organisms, information w
11393	1	ecosystems, thus providing the balanced knowledge base which is currently lacking. in the longe
7507	3	ith microsatellite markers located on a genetic map of brown trout that we have produced in the  ite markers located on a genetic map of brown trout that we have produced in the laboratory. th  g a specific consideration in diversity management programs. the methods are commonly used in t
12045	10	factors that favor the emergence of new plant diseases caused by fungi during the last century,  aused by fungi during the last century, human activity has greatly contributed to environmental  re likely to favor the emergence of new infectious diseases, among which > 30% are caused by fu  es causing significant economic losses, environmental damage, or regarded as model pathogens. t  ch. the history of invasions of several fungal pathogens in the world has been unravelled using  t diseases through modeling for linking climate change, forest density and disease levels . sta   has created a synergy between the main research teams in france studying these diseases result  hus the history of invasions of several fungal pathogens in the world has been uncovered, revea  nderlying dispersal. we have shown that climate changes may favor emergences and that isease em  ease emergence are often accompanied by evolutionary changes in pathogens. finally the theoreti
15161	7	timulation of the growth of belowground microbial population due to the activity of macrophytes  be interactions as a way to analyze the microbial diversity in wetlands and to promote the enri  f molecular methods for the analysis of microbial diversity in many environmental conditions ha  ve from a scientific point of view. the project proposal focuses in the following aspects: firs   of useful microorganisms targeting the nitrogen cycle. wetlands constitute real repositories o  ly studied using molecular methods, and all work convene in saying that most of the observed ne  niques to increase the knowledge of the microbial diversity of these environments. besides, the
10734	8	fer to new hosts and habitats are still unknown factors. dna-based methods represent a rapid an  a rapid and inexpensive way to sample a wide range of biological diversity present in environme  mall animals present in soil, ponds and marine environments and then extract the dna from all t  ated parasites and use state of the art gene sequencing technology to sequence the same gene fo  ctions in those with seriously impaired immune systems, for example in people in the late stage  e late stages of aids, or recipients of organ transplants. they also infect economically import  s vary with geographic location 3 which environmental factors, for example season, latitude, or   environments we can understand whether climate change or human movement by trade or travel has
10597	11	that has been covered since the little ice age biology. for these two exposures all of these f  sition of the microbial community using standard techniques, for the second question we need to  hemical changes in the soil. typically, molecular analysis involves extraction of soil dna or r  sity of the community. in mature soils, molecular analysis has revealed the existence of consid   revealed the existence of considerable microbial diversity in soil and the existence of many g  with extreme environments, e.g. low ph, high temperature. non-thermophilic crenarchaeota are ab  ptember and it is essential that robust sampling techniques can be carried out that ensure the   ve we are collaborating with a group of soil scientists in iceland who will assist in the field  dwork planning and execution and in the setting up of the functional soil tests at their resear  p of the functional soil tests at their research facility near reykjavik. not only do the field   the fieldwork team require the correct weather conditions, but careful soil survey and robust
14693	1	mpus guttulatus in the coast of galicia follow-up to evaluate the possibilities of recovery of
10134	4	sexual selection is a central topic in evolutionary biology, and has fascinated ecologist sinc   and has fascinated ecologist since the pioneering work of darwin. many species possess brightl  vidual s genetic quality influences the trade-offs between ornamentation and parasite resistanc  stigate how mhc genotype influences the trade-offs between hormones, parasite resistance and se
14843	5	sexual selection is a central topic in evolutionary biology. a key component is to understand   competence is central to the vertebrate immune system, presenting pathogens to specialist cells  gens to specialist cells to initiate an immune response. the mhc is known to play a role in mat  ther mhc genotype explains variation in immune response and parasite resistance, and influences  parasite resistance, and influences the trade-offs between hormones, immunocompetence and sexua
11083	3	ggests that net primary productivity of forest ecosystems declines with stand age. two question  ecosystems declines with stand age. two question marks exist about the nature and the degree of   scale branch-level measurements across age classes. in the greenhouse, we will graft cuttings
13762	1	aused by pathogenic fungi are common in deciduous forests of sweden and europe. among the best
10452	2	consistent long-term variation in chick growth rates and reproductive success. the second study  est the hypotheses that, during the non-breeding period, the energetic cost of foraging is rela
11024	2	suggested that this may restrict their ecological niches, obliging them to inhabit only areas   hem to inhabit only areas with abundant food sources and minimal competition. however, no study
10816	7	y its presence in blockbuster films and television advertising, parkour is a rapidly developing  ping sport that has recently caught the public eye. it provides an excellent medium through whi  ith their evolutionary cousins. several user groups are likely to benefit from the project find   benefit from the project findings. the general public, including school children, will learn a  uding school children, will learn about great ape ecology and our ancestral heritage. our resul   are relevant to the welfare of captive great apes due to the considerable need to increase lev  considerable need to increase levels of physical activity to aid physical and psychological wel
10661	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
10912	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
11158	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
11170	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
11420	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
11421	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
11701	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
11702	24	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, and the potential to replace imported s  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   fuel, the regulation of nutrients, and water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied in future research projec  specific area, can be applied in future research projects to other regions and at a national sp  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
9896	23	renewable energy has recently received considerable med   benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sourc  urces of energy, the possible impact on food production, and aesthetic issues related to the lo  hetic issues related to the location of wind turbines. potential sources of land-based renewabl  rbines. potential sources of land-based renewable energy include bioenergy from forests, arable  , arable crops, energy crops and waste, solar heating and electricity, hydroelectricity, ground  nergy. the spatial organisation of such energy sources, together with energy demand, energy inf   and fuel, the regulation of nutrients, water supply and water quality, the creation of opportu  . the development and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and   lopment and use of land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive i  clude reduced river flows and increased road transport of biomass. this one-year research proje  oad transport of biomass. this one-year research project aims to determine, through a pilot stu  ch project aims to determine, through a pilot study, how a systematic understanding of the ener  yment of land-based renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshi  y forest and there is local interest in renewable energy. working with national and local stake  roject will identify the key sources of renewable energy within the study area and the key ecos  ables. using spatial data, geographical information systems and existing models, the project wi  tions of land based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and tem  and based renewables. because renewable energy sources have different spatial and temporal char  d to the renewables and ecosystems of a specific area, can be applied to other regions and at a  d at a national spatial scale in future research projects. to validate the academic efficacy of  our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impa  ng to get them published in high-impact scientific journals.
12644	1	nature conservation legislation in the marine environment, in particular considering if and ho
12478	6	government policies that protect the natural environmen  ing the göteborg summit in 2001, then a different approach to policy development and implementa  ficiently robust for incorporation into government policy, for example, its ability to identify  fy and deal with cumulative impacts and trade-offs. adoption and implementation of the approach  n and implementation of the approach by government policy makers and decision-makers like the p  mentation of the approach by government policy makers and decision-makers like the planning aut
1929	1	etermine the potential for manipulating crop diversity as a means of introducing antagonistic m
1928	1	etermine the potential for manipulating crop diversity as a means of introducing antagonistic m
1926	1	etermine the potential for manipulating crop diversity as a means of introducing antagonistic m
14839	8	plants respond to abiotic stresses by altering their cellular metabolism   ellular metabolism and invoking various defense mechanisms. survival under these stressful cond  ccordingly. various agents such as ros, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid have been p  ous agents such as ros, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid have been proposed as signa  h as ros, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid have been proposed as signal transducers.  contaminated sites will be treated with salicylic acid and nitric oxide in order to improve the  will be treated with salicylic acid and nitric oxide in order to improve their behaviour agains  ethodologies useful for preservation of endangered species and for phytoremediation programmes.
7488	5	s, which aim to achieve 5.75% of liquid fuel supply by 2010 and 20% by 2020. liquid fuels deriv  n important alternative to conventional energy sources to reduce europe s dependence on fossil   ources to reduce europe s dependence on fossil fuels. trees are attractive dedicated energy cro  ted energy crops because they display a wide range of growth habits and can be grown on margina  chanisms that regulate the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides - provide a better understand
10487	1	increased food production is widely considered to be a fundamenta
9885	1	increased food production is widely considered to be a fundamenta
462	3	mics of arbovirus disease have affected human populations. we will analyze three arbovirus dise  ungunya virus, the dengue-fever and the rift valley fever, which illustrate the cases of pre-em  hods and / or complementary methods for chemical control - following the results, draw up human
15359	1	predict future impact on other species, functional groups, structural processes and ecosystems
6906	2	nosae, which have essential role in the nitrogen cycle of the life and in agriculture as well.   esponsible for the resistence against a fungal pathogen and study their expression and effects
13950	3	properties, otoliths take up minor and trace elements. some of these, like strontium, are take  ns , is writing her master thesis doing pilot studies of stable isotopes in otoliths, with prom  ology. we will apply the new methods to case studies of dire fisheries problems, i.e. cod stock
10677	3	years and can be directly implicated in mass extinction. the geological history of this event,   y of this event, and recently developed climate models has been largely elucidated from studies  here-climate interactions as a cause of mass extinction and provide the first global perspectiv
10995	4	lity is one of the major transitions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theori  itions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theories concerning the origin of he  ulative field experiments and molecular genetic analyses: to test whether social populations fo  queen s university belfast, employing a postdoctoral researcher and a 75% time technician. the
11053	4	lity is one of the major transitions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theori  itions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theories concerning the origin of he  ulative field experiments and molecular genetic analyses: to test whether social populations fo  queen s university belfast, employing a postdoctoral researcher and a 75% time technician. the
11787	4	lity is one of the major transitions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theori  itions in evolutionary biology. the key testing ground for theories concerning the origin of he  ulative field experiments and molecular genetic analyses: to test whether social populations fo  queen s university belfast, employing a postdoctoral researcher and a 75% time technician. the
11091	4	between environmental conditions during early development and muscle satellite cell numbers and  ons during early development and muscle satellite cell numbers and fibre recruitment patterns w  itment patterns will be investigated in laboratory studies. we wish to test the hypothesis that  lity of environmental conditions during early development.
12305	4	ised environmental concerns relating to land use change and, specifically, the release of carbo  d in animal diets are generally of good nutritional value, they are of variable quality dependi  ey are of variable quality depending on raw material source, processing, drying and storage con  nce and increased emissions of methane, nitrous oxide, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate. distille
7107	3	he koran and the federation of regional natural parks of france aims to: 1 produce characteriza   projects and parks charter review. the research team formed around the caren includes ecologis  dscape ecology, including connectivity, remote sensing, landscape management by farmers and var
11382	3	e is aimed at graduates in mathematics, physical sciences and molecular biology who wish to pur  s in mathematics, physical sciences and molecular biology who wish to pursue a career in enviro  ssing the shortage of scientists with a high degree of quantitative and molecular skills requir
13599	5	requires an increased knowledge of how genetic variation in traits of adaptive significance is  tem to explore the relationship between genetic variation in adaptive traits and population via  ic models, we will explore how adaptive genetic variation among and within populations influenc  capes subject to changes in climate and land use. based on the results, we will formulate and c  tions on how the importance of adaptive genetic variation can be assessed and how this informat
11161	1	summary global atmospheric carbon dioxide levels .
14664	4	eral karst lakes located in the iberian mountain range, in the centre-east of the iberian penin  greatest ecological changes, induced by human activities as the modern agriculture and the indu  ls: medieval age warming and the little ice age, which have been well historically documented.   related to the precipitation regime and land uses. paleoecological and paleoclimatic reconstruc
12286	1	e only lowland, mixed-agriculture farm. data collection will continue at drayton during 2009-20
14922	5	on distribution, breeding phenology and life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming stud  onents of the ecosystem are affected by climate change. in the present project, variations in l  . in the present project, variations in life history traits of some bird species are examined i  riations in life history traits of some bird species are examined in relation to environmental   rian peninsula with special emphasis on population dynamics.2. effects of environmental conditi
15417	1	rise, taking place as a consequence of greenhouse effect, precipitation also shows spatio-temp
11853	3	y individuals. environmental stress has negative effects on the average expression of ornaments  e are large whilst some have only small eye-stalks. the same is true for preference in females   nces sexual selection using a series of field studies in the biologically realistic surrounding
7701	6	induced effects. especially in light of climate change, the contribution of livestock activitie  vestock activities in the production of greenhouse gases is widely highlighted. a wide variety   efficiency for large animal production. research project progress margins contained in it to id  hrough methodological developments, and experimental data collection, epad aims to be a reposit  ological developments, and experimental data collection, epad aims to be a repository of contra  g geographical locations in the uses of renewable energy and non-renewable , to tropical condit
14587	3	a quantitative risk assessment based only on exposure and toxicity is   all exposure routes are integrated when field studies and biomarkers are employed in higher-tie  r the knowledge about the impact of the environmental contaminants is scarce. the present study
10462	2	examples of adaptive physiology in the animal kingdom. this project will identify novel genes   selected number of novel differentially expressed genes using molecular, biochemical and physio
11747	2	sslands are among the most species-rich plant communities in europe. a clear understanding of t  nvironment reflects altered patterns of gene expression. we will identify genes that are differ
13970	3	ce essential for several ecological and evolutionary processes as for sustainable management of  roject is to identify major barriers to gene flow in coastal fish species in the baltic sea and  sh community structure with barriers to gene flow, and will cooperate with the swedish board of
7037	7	of different administrations. in early modern times agriculture was the most important sector   e developed to sustain control over the agricultural production. such tools were maps, register  ck and infrastructure. the grip on the -rural population was tightened, and various conflicts a  o the different interests seigniors and rural population had in it. whereas thematic approaches  ith special attention to examples where natural boundaries define an agro-ecosystem distinct fr  on. the material will be published in a wide range of journals with emphasis put on various iss  processes as well as for use within the scientific communities.
10379	1	variability in the human fossil record is often attributed to climatic adaptatio
6738	1	d in the mesozoic representing opposing continental margins of the mesozoic tethys and this hel
15444	3	actual knowledge about the structure of food webs: 1 food webs are short and wide; and 2 the le  dge about the structure of food webs: 1 food webs are short and wide; and 2 the length of food   are short and wide; and 2 the length of food chains in which hypotheses abound but few robust e
14971	2	ndary growth will be recorded in mature beech trees under two silvicultural conditions. achieve  r defining of the role by the different environmental factors on the beech fitness in a margina
10372	2	of the future . it is designed to be a conversion course allowing graduate students from a ran  gned to be a conversion course allowing graduate students from a range of 1st degree subjects w
7309	3	des. even in the simplest case, without time delays, the hyperbolic discrete version is not tri   variability of the environment and the human activities acting on the nature. very interesting  ose the application of this tool to the complex problems of this integrated modeling. this appl
10945	1	owever, we have no understanding of how environmental factors modify such plastic traits or wha
10592	3	changes in environmental conditions and land use and determine the environmental factors that a  nditions and land use and determine the environmental factors that affect the expression and ac  nooxygenases, key enzymes in the global carbon cycle.
7306	2	l carbon stocks is likely to accelerate global warming. - evaluate, using the model, the impact  nd the ability of a agrosystem to limit air pollution, and groundwater. the aim is to assess ho
15012	1	se a combination of culture techniques, molecular biology methods and chemotaxonomic studies to
7200	3	ce and implementation of the concept of"environmental service"in the field of public policies o  fective consideration of the concept of environmental services in the new public action in rura  al services in the new public action in rural areas. it is to better understand the recompositi
14150	6	pic variance is of obvious interest for evolutionary biology, in particular because phenotypic   because phenotypic differences form the raw material for adaptive evolution. life-history trait  environments with predictably differing selective pressures is definitely not an exhausted poss  ance in cases with known differences in selective pressure would greatly facilitate solving als  nce of different life-history traits in field conditions. here, we will focus on the response o  cial interest in the context of ongoing global warming.
12184	1	. this study will consider whether some climate change mitigation methods would be more suited
11593	9	tropical coral reefs are among the most important centres of mar  ral and anthropogenic stressors such as global warming and ocean acidification might result in   tion might result in a dramatic loss of coral reefs within this century. increasing stress for   atures and decreasing ph. the future of coral reefs is strongly dependent on the capability of   strongly dependent on the capability of scleractinian corals to adapt to these changes in envir  ion of existing genes. however, current climate change happens over an unprecedented short peri  d / or by positive selection in certain ecological niches with extreme environmental conditions  p-encoding gene is present in different copy numbers among the colour morphs. to address the qu  iques to gain unprecedented insights in gene regulation strategies in reef corals.
7221	5	slands with the emergence and resurgent viral diseases as evidenced by the recent outbreaks of    high endemic biodiversity, contrasting weather conditions and major changes in habitat due to   vents arbovirus epidemics have affected human populations. we analyze three arboviruses, chikun  ses, chikungunya fever, dengue, and the rift valley that illustrate the case of pre- emergence   ntrol methods and / or complementary to chemical control methods. - according to the results, s
11643	9	has shown that a great continent-scale ice cap on east antarctica first appeared about 34 mill   causes of the sudden appearance of the ice cap, and the major change in global climate that ac  of the ice cap, and the major change in global climate that accompanied it, are currently under  nder debate. a reduction in atmospheric greenhouse gases is one possibility; another , might ha  possibility; another , might have cause sea surface temperature reduction in the tropics, but a  al cooling are not known. the amount of temperature change will allow us to distinguish between  h between the explanations of a reverse greenhouse effect and ocean current reorganization for   cean current reorganization for the ice build-up, as the former predicts more pronounced coolin  utstanding questions about this ancient climate change event.
15228	1	will be determined and strains of this infectious agent will be identified in southern chamois
10813	8	in 2007 the first cases of a new form of infectious disease - a kind of pox - were r  n 2007 the first cases of a new form of infectious disease - a kind of pox - were reported from  nd often with rather minor effects. the new form of pox occurs at higher frequency, and results   and what effects it has on birds. this new form of pox seems to infect tits, in particular the  seems to infect tits, in particular the great tit, at high frequency. in may 2010, this new dis   in a long-term study population of the great tit near oxford, and has increased in frequency t  ed in frequency to infect almost 10% of great tits by november 2010. it is rare to study the em   on the spread of this disease in 2011. infectious diseases can represent serious threats to wi
13319	2	n order to bring together international research groups and experiences from precipitation rela  archers and researchers from the us and developing countries.the workshop will do this by evalu
12536	10	non-native aquatic plant species are becoming more widespread and   tablishment of very vigorous non-native aquatic plant species, including floating pennywort . a  ems. the aim of any non-native invasive weed control programme should be eradication. for this   ved. l. grandiflora exhibits very rapid growth rates, growing in water up to 3 m deep, reaching   1 m above the water surface. the rapid growth rates are responsible for complete coverage of a   of 83 hectares a year. these excessive growth rates are not yet observed in the uk, with domin  hosate is excellent for control of many aquatic plant species, the use of glyphosate for eradic  lyphosate for eradication of non-native aquatic plants has proved challenging. this approach is  ies if successful, and will also reduce pesticide use in the environment by improving efficacy    method of control, without any adverse environmental impact.
14375	3	ingly recognizing ecosystems as natural capital assets that supply life-support services, i.e.   natural capital assets that supply life-support services, i.e. ecosystem services, of tremendou  he global recognition by scientists and policy makers, the science of ecosystem service mapping
11716	3	rd the 1960s atmospheric 14c pulse from nuclear bomb tests. the establishment of a turnover tim  960s atmospheric 14c pulse from nuclear bomb tests. the establishment of a turnover time for co  ment of a turnover time for compact and cancellous bone, especially for young and mature adults
12229	1	uminant genetic improvement can play an important role in developing livestock systems that wil
11399	10	ime, to understand the development of a carbon cycle in newly formed rocks and the early proces   urgency grant we seek support to begin biological monitoring of the lava and to establish a mi   has direct importance for two areas of earth sciences: 1 understanding how fresh volcanic rock  rth sciences: 1 understanding how fresh volcanic rocks, which account for 30% of carbon dioxide  olcanic rocks, which account for 30% of carbon dioxide drawdown from the atmosphere each year t  ce of events for the establishment of a carbon cycle and active microbial communities on volcan  cle and active microbial communities on volcanic rocks, the most widespread and commonly formed  ava from of the site and to establish a weather station with a view to long-term monitoring of   h a view to long-term monitoring of the biotic community on the flows. this work will yield new  will yield new scientific insights into volcanic rock colonization and new defined protocols an
7246	5	ms to improve knowledge in the field of water cycle in its wastewater and rainwater in urban di  henomena at fine scales * assessment of water flows and urban-background * impact of wastewater  gical and hydrometeorological models in urban areas, and the development of aid to the understa  lopment of aid to the understanding and management tools, qualitatively and quantitatively, urb  vices. stages * creation of a website * setting up and implementation of a mobility program for
7157	7	he form of a database accessible to the scientific community. observation medium and long term   tific community. observation medium and long term changes in biodiversity is currently recogniz  tive need to understand the response of marine ecosystems to both the natural constraints of th  onments due to increasing pressure from human activities and many objects use conflicts. the co  f environmental disturbance, but also a bacterial culture collection the languedoc - roussillon  ental disturbance, but also a bacterial culture collection the languedoc - roussillon region or  natural bacterial biodiversity, such as point source pollution by hydrocarbons or pesticides
14435	1	this project unites efforts, human resources and the infrastructure of 10 bulgarian
10403	3	decisions that plants make affect their genetic diversity and adaptive potential. this project    to establish how variation in rates of self-fertilization affect genetic diversity and pattern  n in rates of self-fertilization affect genetic diversity and patterns of reproductive isolatio
15019	2	red deer is one of the main game species both in spain   d be a tool directly used by management consulting companies or directly by game managers.
9804	3	n of dna, which lead to a change in the genetic information specifying the properties of organi  le to use these data to answer the very interesting question of what fraction of the difference  ong related species have been caused by natural selection accumulating mutations which improve
12330	3	e an assessment of the incidental socio-economic benefits of es so we are better informed about  omy. in particular, the extent of local multiplier effects and employment creation as an indire  he contribution of es to the economy of rural areas.
9875	3	to conventional methods of agriculture. developed countries have seen huge growth in organic fa  rms by estimating effect sizes for each component part. in this way, we aim to identify whether  onmental need for reduced intensity. if policy makers are to resolve this conflict, it is essen
6769	4	biomechanical forces. the change in the vertebral bone quality and the decrease of its mechanic  al bone quality and the decrease of its mechanical resistance are postulated as a contributing    formation of the spinal deformity. the vertebral bone will be described as follows: measuremen  oratory measurements to investigate the bone metabolism, bone histomorphometry. curve measureme
6894	6	e quantity of safe, healthy, marketable agricultural products, a widening of the farmers’ profe   leading to a better quality of life in rural areas. the research fields covered in this projec  ter quality of life in rural areas. the research fields covered in this project are strictly fo  t protection problems of hungary. thus, top priority is given to pests that have recently appea  only in agricultural fields but also in urban areas and national parks. special emphasis is giv  ural fields but also in urban areas and national parks. special emphasis is given to research a
13320	5	ring schemes of species and habitats of community interests. the most successful methods in ter   states for the species and habitats of community interests living under their protection. for   accessible by an internet portal to the end users scientists, policy makers, decision makers an  net portal to the end users scientists, policy makers, decision makers and nature conservators   he end users scientists, policy makers, decision makers and nature conservators on eu, national
12547	1	from the air temperature as measured by weather stations. to date, no attempt has been made to
13321	1	anisations on global change and pelagic marine ecosystems, and to develop models for assessing
13322	2	llution, face additional pressures from climate change, directly and through interaction with o   account the probable impacts of future climate change and the need for a holistic approach to
2517	3	delines concerning questions related to greenhouse gas emissions or consumption in natural and   cerning questions related to greenhouse gas emissions or consumption in natural and managed eco  ity assessment methodology, metagenomic data handling. the habitats covered warrant the value o
2516	4	one-carbon compounds such as methane and methanol are attra  ctive, non-food and low-cost carbon and energy sources for microbial bioprocesses, which can be  s of microorganisms; the methylotrophs. research efforts with different model strains revealed   d intracellular accumulation leading to cell death. by integrating genomic and experimental kno
7011	1	al ecology across scales, and will be a unique opportunity to tailor and, most importantly, tes
9878	9	atura 2000. furthermore, the impacts of global climate change on beech forest ecosystems are as  000. furthermore, the impacts of global climate change on beech forest ecosystems are assessed.  pacts of global climate change on beech forest ecosystems are assessed. field studies will be u  n beech forest ecosystems are assessed. field studies will be used to assess the impact of the   d to assess the impact of the different forest management strategies on intra- and inter-specif  ts as well as to evaluate the impact of climate change on beech growth across its range. the ec  ve scientific advances in the following research fields: the ecology of beech forests and their  ope, and valuation and marketing of the environmental services beech forests can provide. the r  forests and associated biodiversity for future generations.
483	2	licy paper as well as interdisciplinary scientific publications. above that, the overall goal o  ve scientific advances in the following research fields: the ecology of beech forests and their
7454	4	nsmissible, cost effective and provides added value to the currently independent data sources o  vide a robust statistical structure for analytical tests and for the eventual estimates of stoc  g forecasting of future options so that policy makers can generate appropriate strategies for m  mitments of the institutes concerned to long term monitoring. it will also provide the necessar
2041	4	ity common fisheries policies vis-à-vis developing countries from the perspective of sustainabl  development, building on biological and economic data and analyses as well. assessment of the c  the coherence of european fisheries and development policies. analysis and critical evaluation   ral fisheries agreements of the ec with developing countries. recommendations, also based on bi
7452	2	tribution of eels of different european river systems to successful recruitment because almost   ce they escape to the sea. we propose a research initiative to investigate the ecology and envi
7456	1	e change and the subsequent risk to the marine environment and earth system should these emissi
7242	3	the general objective is to develop new food web analysis approaches to understanding our abili  ly detailed analysis of the response of food webs in the context of environmental technology ap  response of food webs in the context of environmental technology approaches such as biomanipula
13784	5	of predation resistant and potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as the tularemia bacterium fr  ed to nutrient rich stagnant waters and mosquito bites. in the proposed project we will use mol  the örebro area. the aim is to identify environmental factors, e.g. nutrient status and protozo  ural lake water including the microbial food web and mosquito larvae as top predator. the coupl  e a biological gym for the evolution of pathogenic bacteria.
10354	23	both climate change and tropical deforestation have regularl                  both climate change and tropical deforestation have regularly been in the news   in the news for years. we know they are important issues, but they are often dealt with in isol   both in the wider media and within the scientific community. for example, remaining virgin tro  ommunity. for example, remaining virgin tropical forests are thought by many to be pristine env   will continue to rise, and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will reach levels unprece  alone, these global changes will change tropical forests, while in concert with other human imp  n alone is predicted to cause the sixth mass extinction in evolutionary history. recent researc  d to cause the sixth mass extinction in evolutionary history. recent research shows that appare  earch shows that apparently undisturbed tropical forests have altered dramatically over recent    been collating data from 200 long-term tropical forest monitoring plots, and i have 5+ years f  set: firstly the second largest area of tropical forest on earth is the congo basin, yet there   valuate changes in growth, recruitment, mortality rates across africa. a new investigators awar  or two reasons. firstly, will surviving tropical forests remain a carbon sink - currently equiv   currently equivalent to ~15% of global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use - or will  of global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use - or will rising temperatures and other  nd other changes cause them to become a carbon source with the potential to increase the rate a  l to increase the rate and magnitude of climate change secondly, as tropical forests house more  agnitude of climate change secondly, as tropical forests house more than half the world s speci  active balance of millions of plant and animal species is bound to change, even within the larg  n the composition and carbon balance of tropical forests are occurring will provide essential i   essential information that will assist policy makers and wider civil society to make better-in  hat will assist policy makers and wider civil society to make better-informed choices about the
12220	7	on land-use and biodiversity, amongst a wide range of social and economic factors. the report s  ity, amongst a wide range of social and economic factors. the report suggested that there was a  esk study will take changes in farmland bird populations as an example and will determine typic  est impact on biodiversity and farmland bird populations. by understanding how vegetation patte  e to assess and evaluate both ecosystem scale models and land management models for their abili   range of scales at which the ecosystem scale models are required to operate will also be evalu  iversity targets, particularly farmland bird populations will be identified. recommendations wi
15230	1	ociated costs and benefits, and provide policy makers with scientific advice to design effectiv
10336	9	the recent asian tsunami has taken many human lives but its effects may have been much worse if   the indian ocean were not protected by coral reefs. these reefs act as sea defences and can ab  sorb as much as 68% of wave energy on a low tide and up to 77% on a high tide. in thailand, whe   information about the condition of the coral reefs before the tsunami waves hit the reefs. we   an overview of potential damage and the time-scale for recovery of reefs over a wide area. in a  ssential for improved interpretation of global climate change effects on coral reefs e.g bleach  l for improved interpretation of global climate change effects on coral reefs e.g bleaching or   ion of global climate change effects on coral reefs e.g bleaching or loss of coral colour / a s  als due to the combined effects of high water temperature and sunlight .
14822	1	insula, including groups with different life histories, and to provide conservation managers wi
12444	1	tal changes at the critically important larval stage. key customer purpose: provide better unde
13768	3	ain if this species will persist in the long term. during this postdoctoral project i will eval   its response to different scenarios of climate change. t. opacus will be surveyed on hollow oa  troductions, and different scenarios of climate change.
10358	1	mportant pests, to determine the scale, life-span and applicability of the technology, and henc
12771	2	the analgesic at an effective rate. no side effects have been reported during clinical use of   etermine by means of a proof of concept laboratory study if the analgesic meloxicam is effectiv
12574	1	number of treatments to be used as bio-security measures in controlling the spread of the inva
12325	1	da and identify, where appropriate, any remedial measures. 3. evaluate the current criteria rds
13373	1	rs. identification of 51 out performing barley lines in terms of yield and basic feed and malt
14597	2	ental plots, already established by the research groups in the framework of previous research p  rch groups in the framework of previous research projects, and the evaluation of a number of re
7561	4	erving this diversity in the medium and long term, can be a determining factor in the creation   nsortium. in this context, we propose a research program that aims to establish the consequence  e consequences in the short, medium and long term method of preservation of bacterial consortia  will be analyzed by arisa. freezing and freeze drying, preservation methods conventionally used
13807	2	will be tested. such methods will make data collection for population viability analyses more   e effect of the spatial distribution of conservation efforts will be analysed. the project will
7415	2	the intensification of farming methods profoundly changed the functioning of e  n bird mortality as a result of reduced food supplies during the winter when the birds should c
12627	3	h values in excess of 8.3 indicate that calcium carbonate solubility is no longer controlling s  ry close to the coast and are mapped as littoral sediment or supra-littoral sediment broad habi  re mapped as littoral sediment or supra-littoral sediment broad habitats where sodium will be a
1961	12	external heat sources to maintain their body temperature, which therefore follows more or less   hich therefore follows more or less the ambient temperature. as a consequence, all biochemical   ient temperature. as a consequence, all biochemical processes in an ectotherms body are speeded  in an ectotherms body are speeded up by high temperature and retarded by low temperature. the n   up by high temperature and retarded by low temperature. the non-diapause temperature response   h holds that the energy equivalent of a temperature change is not only used to fuel the kinetic  ure change is not only used to fuel the kinetic energy of physiological reactants, but also to   ts, but also to induce energy-requiring conformational changes in the cell. it is further assum  partition the energetic equivalent of a temperature change in different ways over conformationa  mperature change in different ways over conformational change and kinetic energy. in this study  ent ways over conformational change and kinetic energy. in this study we want to test this hypo  ease the allocation to energy-requiring conformational change. genes differentially expressed a
2537	7	in this proposal we set out to test alternative hypotheses for the evolution and maintenanc  ival. an increased understanding of the selective pressures responsible for the maintenance of   nibalism is not only interesting from a basic research point of view, it may also lead to new c  tibiotic resistant bacteria. horizontal gene transfer and incorporation of dna from other organ   by providing bacteria with a source of genetic variation required for adaptive evolution as we  nce of competence and transformation in bacillus subtilis. we showed theoretically and experime  r hypotheses. we also want to study the population dynamics of bacterial cannibalism recently d
7048	3	ned by conservation international where fossil records are available as outgroups for calibrati  lable as outgroups for calibration. the fossil record available for the australian diospyros wi  atterns and processes of speciation and genetic diversity within and among these endemics, for
14918	5	comprise one of the richest and endemic freshwater fish fauna, being the family cyprinidae one   g the family cyprinidae one of the main freshwater fish group inhabiting these water systems. c   freshwater fish group inhabiting these water systems. cyprinids are strict freshwater organism  iogeographical hypothesis. in addition, freshwater fish communities have recently experienced a  ny of cyprinids, and to elucidate their evolutionary history. once the cyprinid phylogeny will
15162	9	maviruses are dsdna viruses that infect stratified epithelia in vertebrates. they are causative  in and in mucosa, such as cutaneous and genital warts, laryngeal papillomas, basocellular carci  d has proposed an early and multiphasic evolutionary history of the pves, with an initial radia  d with evidences of colonisation of new ecological niches defined after apparition of new anato  t organisms, with potentially different biological properties that might not be directly extrap   of already ongoing collaborations with zoological gardens in germany and spain, with cetacean   ens in germany and spain, with cetacean research groups in united kingdom and peru, and with sm  kingdom and peru, and with small mammal research groups in spain. after the first three years i  w animal pvs. using this information as starting point we will perform phylgenetic, biogeograph
11620	2	es to investigate the factors affecting individual variation in ageing rates and will use these  effects of variation in ageing rates on population dynamics.
15158	1	between the colour phenotypes, play an important role. in this project we shall deal with the
13752	10	he project is to discover mechanisms of growth rate regulation in ivertebrates. this will be do  ect is to discover mechanisms of growth rate regulation in ivertebrates. this will be done by b  s will be done by bridging the gap from key elements to ecological and evolutionarily relevant   more specifically this project will use laboratory experiments with n- and/or p-deficient food   patterns in biochemical composition and growth rate responses of terrestrial and aquatic herbiv  ct the transfer of matter and energy in food webs which is a fundamental ecological process. th  ers has consequences for individual and population growth rates of consumer species, community   sequences for individual and population growth rates of consumer species, community composition  bilisation and biogeochemical cycles in food webs, as well as broad-scale processes such as glo  as broad-scale processes such as global carbon cycles.
15039	2	characters of the wall and apertures of pollen grains in the phylogenic inference of papaverace  l. and compare them with the phylogenic molecular analysis.
1965	4	currently at the center of interest in evolutionary biology. galerucella nymphaeae is one of t  ng among-races variation in morphology, life history, feeding and oviposition preference and wi  ed with exploitation of one of the four host plant species. while the requirements for host rac  l thus fill an important gap in current evolutionary theory.
15352	3	itute an ideal framework to investigate evolutionary processes and mechanisms among the organis   organisms integrating them, especially gene flow and selective preasure on phenotypic traits.   e carried on. besides, to explore their reproductive systems and success, we will analyse type
6815	7	the topic of the research project is interdisciplinary, involving concep  nary, involving concepts and methods of evolutionary biology, ecology, biomathematics and mathe  cology, biomathematics and mathematical systems theory. a key concept of evolutionary game theo  s theory. a key concept of evolutionary game theory is evolutionary stability that is based on    is based on the darwinian principle of natural selection. this concept can be concretised in d  ned research is the family of classical mathematical models of density-dependent interaction of  quency-dependent models of evolutionary game theory.
7581	1	s analysis of different varieties cycle management methods and selective processes that result.
15073	2	ith the presence of an ancient multiple sex chromosome system widespread among the lineages who  l allow discussing several questions of evolutionary biology, taxonomy and phylogenetic relatio
9803	2	s, in which cleaner fish inspect client reef fish for parasites, but may cheat by biting client  teraction, informed by detailed lab and field observation and experiments, which can account fo
10266	4	ture are antagonistic because darwinian natural selection leads to the survival of the fittest,   solution is that altruists are usually family members: ants and other social insects for examp  ible. i do this by developing models of game theory, the branch of mathematics developed from t  le by impairing their ability to make a phone call, and to make this evident to everybody. when
1103	4	the climatic change induced by the global warming is expected to modify the agricultural a  inability of the agricultural activity. climate warming could have a substantial impact on some  ur workpackages and to estimating local weather forecast for several decades at daily scale com  ifferent salinity and quality. an other important issue of this wp will be to parameterize the
13978	1	ntial of range expansion in response to climate change.
10477	2	young with a good start in life, as the parental care that an offspring experiences can be an i  ncing our understanding of variation in parental care.
11868	6	is also a strong force responsible for molecular evolution. however, evidence that sexual sele  he presence of sexual selection. recent technological advances allow us to move beyond correlat  to test the role of sexual selection in molecular evolution by a combined approach of experimen  d approach of experimental evolution of fruit flies, in which sexual selection is manipulated t  nd next generation sequencing, in which genetic changes due to variation in sexual selection ar  of sexual selection with the underlying genetic changes associated with these traits. this work
11872	6	is also a strong force responsible for molecular evolution. however, evidence that sexual sele  he presence of sexual selection. recent technological advances allow us to move beyond correlat  to test the role of sexual selection in molecular evolution by a combined approach of experimen  d approach of experimental evolution of fruit flies, in which sexual selection is manipulated t  nd next generation sequencing, in which genetic changes due to variation in sexual selection ar  of sexual selection with the underlying genetic changes associated with these traits. this work
11873	6	is also a strong force responsible for molecular evolution. however, evidence that sexual sele  he presence of sexual selection. recent technological advances allow us to move beyond correlat  to test the role of sexual selection in molecular evolution by a combined approach of experimen  d approach of experimental evolution of fruit flies, in which sexual selection is manipulated t  nd next generation sequencing, in which genetic changes due to variation in sexual selection ar  of sexual selection with the underlying genetic changes associated with these traits. this work
7491	2	the study will then be extended to the human species on a representative sample of the populat  n be extended to the human species on a representative sample of the populations of the human p
14488	8	project continues with new objectives a research programme initiated by our research group. rep  s a research programme initiated by our research group. reproductive costs are the base of life  oup. reproductive costs are the base of life history evolution, and more specifically of the ev  nd parasites, mainly represented by the immune response. according to recent theories, this evo  g to recent theories, this evolutionary trade-off between reproduction and antiparasite defence  vel in several insectivorous birds in a climate change scenario in the mediterranean area. all   th several easily handled insectivorous bird species in different woodlands in central spain, v  on the effect of food availability in a climate change scenario. 4. determine the geographic an
1960	3	elucidation of the evolutionary processes leading to the formation of new   ecies remains one of the major goals of evolutionary biology. recent developments in this field  ats, molecular genetic and quantitative genetic analysis and theoretical modelling. using a hyb
10737	9	it to new hosts. once inside a vector s blood meal, sexual stages rapidly differentiate into ga  e and female gametes occurs. however, a blood meal is a very harsh environment to be mating in,  maximum of 20 minutes to exit their red blood cells, differentiate into gametes and find female  e, unlike most other male animals, male malaria parasites can only produce a maximum of eight g  ametes. this makes the mating system of malaria parasites very novel, yet, there is remarkably   oposal will discover how mating between malaria parasites is influenced by host immune factors,  investigate how co infecting species of malaria parasite maintian their species identity. a gre  ical applications in areas ranging from medical science to conservation. given the medical and    the medical and economic importance of malaria parasites and the drive to develop transmission
2122	7	in recent years an international research initiative focusing on the devastating dry rot   initiative focusing on the devastating dry rot fungus serpula lacrymans has been established.   provides a unique model system to study evolutionary processes and life history traits in basid  tem to study evolutionary processes and life history traits in basidiomycetes, including the ma  iety of dna techniques on a world-wide, representative sample of living culture isolates of the  hat both the mating . in addition, four senior researchers and one private company will be invo  dition, four senior researchers and one private company will be involved.
15170	2	systems constitutes a major paradigm in plant ecology. among specialized pollination interactio   our laboratories. this inexpensive and short time-consuming method could be very useful to bro
11072	10	are implicated in the emergence of new infectious diseases of wildlife, crop species, livestoc  r changes in their ecology. we will use evolutionary theory to ask fundamental questions in evo   theory to ask fundamental questions in evolutionary biology and infectious disease research: h  l questions in evolutionary biology and infectious disease research: how do reproductive parasi   in evolutionary biology and infectious disease research: how do reproductive parasites in the   rasites in the wild and testing whether evolutionary theory can explain their strategies. we ha   these methods for a related species of malaria parasite and laid the groundwork for translatin  nslating this assay to human parasites. evolutionary theory predicts that parasite reproductive  or sex ratio of transmission stages but evolutionary theory predicts these traits are simultane  ibited by individuals is a major aim in evolutionary biology. there is also increasing interest
10801	6	rent-offspring communication can play a key role in resolving parent-offspring conflict. there   le competition among siblings, and that resource allocation is under offspring rather than pare  ent assumptions concerning who controls resource allocation and whether begging is costly or no  of this project is to establish whether resource allocation is controlled by parents, as assume  egging. the information on who controls resource allocation and whether begging is costly or no  he critical assumptions of who controls resource allocation and whether begging is costly or no
10306	7	summary charles darwin s theory of natural selection lies at the centre of evolutionary st  cause of the threat posed to species by climate change. species have evolved by natural selecti  climate change. species have evolved by natural selection in environments that have generally c  the main concern is that the process of natural selection will not be sufficiently rapid to ena  eduction in numbers or even extinction. natural selection is a phenomenon that acts on individu  -effective monitor of the health of the marine environment. as such it is vital to understand t  impact of anthropogenic change on their well being.
10590	3	reproductive isolating mechanisms can operate at several levels but   , to assess the importance of potential isolating mechanisms and shed light on the sequence in   hat in guppies the scope for pre-mating isolating mechanisms is limited because males are able
10401	4	rossing sexual reproduction has puzzled evolutionary biologists since darwin, as unisexual repr  he reproductive mode through population genetic analysis and breeding studies combined with pat  th paternity analysis using polymorphic genetic markers. we will integrate both approaches to d  n of reproductive mode in this powerful research system. the results of this project will be cr
10989	1	ng a novel dimorphism through divergent artificial selection on a presently monomorphic charact
433	8	pearl millet and sorghum are the main cereal of the sah  n the last three decades. in niger, the human population and the cultivated area have doubled i  sity of these two major crops in niger: pearl millet and sorghum. our study used a sampling per  henological evolution and finally their genetic diversity evolution. we also collected data on    on environmental changes and performed social studies to understand how the socio-economical a  nmental changes impact the diversity of pearl millet and sorghum. the main results of our study  allele frequencies but no difference in genetic diversity between the 1976 and 2003 samples. th  nvironmental data to assess the role of climate change in this case.
11032	11	pened, some 32 million years ago, cold, deep ocean water was able to circle the globe around an   attribute the glaciation to changes in greenhouse gas concentrations and the earth s orbital c  initiated within a few million years of one another. if, however, it formed later, continental    georgia could have blocked the flow of deep water until long after glaciation had started, so   ies that can be used to define and date oceanic crust. to ground-truth the survey, rocks will b   survey, rocks will be dredged from the sea floor, then irradiated in a nuclear reactor and dat  rom the sea floor, then irradiated in a nuclear reactor and dated by the ar-ar method. julian p  agnetic survey and constructing a plate tectonic history of the region. remarkably perhaps, the  y shrinking because it is surrounded by subduction zones where plates are lost, while the atlan   at the k-t boundary, proposed that the subduction zones and roots of continents around the pac  e by isotopic fingerprinting of dredged volcanic rocks. this showed that the boundary between t
15366	1	aim of this proposal is to describe the signaling pathways that regulate the formation of body
14867	3	itude. since temperature is the obvious environmental factor that changes with latitude, we wil  dy in depth the genetic architecture of hybrid sterility to understand these introgressive proc  rstand these introgressive processes in invasive species and its putative role in speciation. e
15198	1	he personate flower is arranged into an upper lip in the tribe antirrhineae as a whole is the u
14729	9	studies related to the analysis of the evolutionary process leading to the appearance of the d  arance of the dioecy, the origin of the sex chromosomes and the changes leading to their divers   the genus rumex, to be used as a model case study of these processes in plants. specifically,   e the features and the evolution of the sex chromosomes in the different species of the genus a  the cytogenetic characterization of the sex chromosomes, we want to analyze three evolutionary   analyze three evolutionary steps: proto-sex chromosomes, sex chromosomes with intermediate leve  lutionary steps: proto-sex chromosomes, sex chromosomes with intermediate levels of genetic dif  etic differentiation and differentiated sex chromosomes with degenerated y chromosomes. in this  tiated sex chromosomes with degenerated y chromosomes. in this genus, we have found the existen
15312	2	ome groups of western palaearctic lotic water beetles preliminary data suggest that the widespr   build a est library to precisely match target proteins involved in thermal tolerance regulatio
15476	12	es it is important to first measure the ecological niche of species. accurate measurements of s  cies. accurate measurements of species' ecological niches can be obtained by means of controlle  l, an alternative approach to infer the ecological niche of species along lineages, seeking for  cophysiological measurements, molecular phylogenetic reconstructions and ecological niche model  ecular phylogenetic reconstructions and ecological niche modelling. the main objectives of this  e the number of assumptions required by ecological niche models 2- to elaborate a method to opt  tial in the assessment of the effect of climate change based on ecological niche modelling. a l  f the effect of climate change based on ecological niche modelling. a large-scale experimental   a very wide climatic range. firstly the ecological niche will be measured for a subset of speci  hypothesis will be generated to which a molecular clock will be applied. this phylogeny will be  with a smaller experimental effort, the ecological niche of a larger number of species could be  , taking into account the speed at with global warming is happening.
13323	8	nderstanding, monitoring and predicting genetic diversity, ecosystems structures, dynamics and   ill be integrated and then applied to a wide range of tree and associated species, starting wit  necessary experimental infrastructures, information systems and bioinformatics resources for co  piled and made accessible by developing data mining procedures for the analysis of geographic a  geographic and temporal distribution of genetic diversity. evoltree will spread its knowledge a  egy will disseminate its results to the scientific community, end users and public.evoltree wil  ts results to the scientific community, end users and public.evoltree will greatly contribute t   greatly contribute to the national and international efforts for preserving biodiversity, in p
7716	3	nomy and plant breeding, especially for sustainable agriculture. our work includes internationa  states. ecs the project is divided into five spots, 4 to investigate additional fundamental asp  to ecologically intensive management of agricultural production
14999	1	offspring. its limitations to generate genetic variation able to cope and buffer environmental
14740	4	, has been explained by vicariance via plate tectonics, which would have separated littoral po  logenetic- phylogeographic patterns and genetic diversity estimates using mitochondrial and nuc  re concordant with vicariance caused by plate tectonics. the results will also incide on more g  re general aspects of basic and applied biodiversity research, i. e. speciation and adaptation
2064	9	have mainly focused on introduction of exotic species. however, introductions across smaller g  icularly for the commercially important freshwater fishes. the project will study the effect of  lantic salmon into parts of rivers with brown trout as the only fish species. the project will   gy and behaviour of the closely related brown trout, and cascading effects on other organisms i  ence of salmonids for reproduction. the field studies aim at studying morphological variation a  phological variation and habitat use of brown trout in populations living in allopatry and in s  on. for the freshwater pearl mussel the field study will explore the presence of host specific   dy morphological selection gradients on brown trout in the presence and absence of salmon, and   m different populations within the same river system are host specific.
15146	1	to account environmental and functional genetic factors.
15293	4	ecosystem health and its impairment by chemical pollutants. the effects and consequences of st   and consequences of stress exposure on life history strategies and quantitative genetic variat  ife history strategies and quantitative genetic variation in wild populations remain poorly und   insult to characterize at the genetic, gene expression and postraslational levels those organi
14134	3	dentification and partly belongs to the basic research in evolutionary biology. the taxonomical  partly belongs to the basic research in evolutionary biology. the taxonomical importance of the  ons. the geographic regions with higher genetic variation are probably the centres of distribut
10090	1	benefits and material costs. the unique developmental biology of copidosoma floridanum, a paras
11358	2	populations of a parasitic nematode of red grouse, trichostrongylus tenuis, after developing t  e application of anthelminthic drugs on grouse moors in the uk has led to the evolution of resi
10730	3	ation of techniques at the forefront of cell biology and sophisticated design of experimental e  ey allow non-invasive sperm marking and artificial insemination with differently aged sperm wit  y sperm age effects at the level of the sperm cell, the sperm population and in males and femal
7003	1	f the mtdna cytochrome b locus. further genetic information will be obtained by sequencing mito
10016	1	a central theme in evolutionary biology is the understanding of the proces
10470	2	the central dogma in genetics is that dna codes for rna whi  s, to stimulate new discoveries through fundamental research. to achieve this end several plant
11415	2	the central dogma in genetics is that dna codes for rna whi  s, to stimulate new discoveries through fundamental research. to achieve this end several plant
10472	2	biology. here i propose to investigate evolutionary processes during colonisation using rotife  ement of biodiversity in the context of climate change and human impacts.
10204	2	polymorphic and new alleles arise from point mutations and recombination events. the latter me  ularly relevant for class i genes where exon shuffling leads to highly divergent alleles. we wi
9884	2	polymorphic and new alleles arise from point mutations and recombination events. the latter me  ularly relevant for class i genes where exon shuffling leads to highly divergent alleles. we wi
10038	12	l selection in a wild population, using parental care in birds as our model system. parental ca  ntal care in birds as our model system. parental care in birds is a good framework for this typ  lassic examples in sexual selection and parental care provides a scenario where direct benefits  ect we will use an already established, island population of house sparrows, passer domesticus,  ready established, island population of house sparrows, passer domesticus, which is ideally sui   us to estimate the relative roles of a wide range of genetic and non-genetic factors. in addit  oles of a wide range of genetic and non-genetic factors. in addition, we will also test for lin  so test for links between the amount of parental care that a male provides and other aspects of  ed, for instance, in whether there is a trade-off between the amount of effort a male expends o   the amount of effort a male expends on parental care and his ability to seek additional sexual  care and his ability to seek additional sexual partners. finally, based on the empirical data t  egies when it comes to the provision of parental care, and explores whether this variation refl
14605	1	ective, thanks to the constitution of a research group with experts in different aspects of the
10119	2	geological record of the last 300 myrs. marine carbonate producers, such as corals, coccoliths,  e changes with reduced calcification in laboratory experiments. understanding of calcification
7376	2	the plant remains the ecological niche of choice where the evolutionary force  g co-infection the impact of horizontal gene transfer between different strains of phylotypes
14651	3	ish the relationship between a putative adaptive radiation and the intra- and inter-island colo  l is to elucidate the mechanisms of the evolutionary change, and with that purpose, we will ana  hus, on the conservation strategies and ecological restoration protocols.
2495	3	the age- and sex-composition infer with evolutionary processes within populations and their abi  al differences in temporal variation of genetic diversity of norwegian moose can be related to   c harvest rates will affect the rate of evolutionary change of these two important quantitative
15201	1	this project aims to solve some of the major problems on the systematics and taxonomy of malag
13502	4	the current global warming induces selection on natural populations   namely how well the general models for evolutionary change can predict long-term change when s  ssumptions are not met. we have through computer simulations shown that the form of environment  rtance for the prediction of effects of climate change.
10388	5	long-term evolutionary response to this selective pressure and its concomitant effect on intras  n our knowledge as biodiversity plays a key role in population persistence and thus affects eco  widespread and easy to culture, and its growth rate is affected by ph conditions, although the   unded with different levels of standing genetic variation. this experiment determines whether t  stronger when there is greater standing genetic variation for select for selection to act upon.
6817	3	of context-dependent characteristics of mental state attribution will be examined. we make an a   between machiavellian intelligence and mental state attribution. as a theoretical foundation,   tribution. as a theoretical foundation, evolutionary theory predicts that human competence in u
15432	4	current classification of scleractinian corals is highly incongruent with recentl  do not offer a definitive answer to the evolutionary processes and history of the group. explor  and history of the group. exploring the evolutionary history of scleractinian corals requires s  . exploring the evolutionary history of scleractinian corals requires searching for new markers
10273	5	al for species to evolve in response to climate change. the overall aim of this study is to und  an be expected to evolve in response to climate change. the study is based on a classic example  ample of the ecological consequences of climate change, namely the association between global w   change, namely the association between global warming and the earlier onset of breeding activi  edicting the ecological consequences of climate change. the project also investigates factors t
12069	4	not currently incorporate the effect of evolutionary changes in populations and species. affect  es in species distributions mediated by climate change often rely on the assumption that specie  s’ climatic niches are conserved at the time scale at which the ecological modification occurs.  tal evolution, comparative analyses and data collection in natural populations.
13422	3	anatolian water buffalo has been the most important animal produc  nd sustainable utilization of anatolian water buffalo in-situ and ex-situ program have been car  tu program have been carried out at the research station. these efforts include all aspects of
13420	3	in-situ conservation project was started in 2005 in çanakkale p  he important breeds of sheep famous for milk production. the activities on conservation, charac  tu program have been carried out at the research station. these efforts include all aspects of
13419	2	in-situ conservation project was started in 2005 in kırklareli   tu program have been carried out at the research station. these efforts include all aspects of
13417	6	ervation and sustainable utilization of farm animal genetic resources’ has been conducted since  coordination of general directorates of agricultural research. the ex-situ conservation flock f  s established in 1996 in bandırma sheep research station. in-situ conservation project was star  andırma sheep research station. in-situ conservation project was started in 2005 in izmir provi  portant breeds of sheep famous for high milk production and prolificacy. the activities on cons  tu program have been carried out at the research station. these efforts include all aspects of
13421	2	mara regions previously, as a source of farm animal genetic resources remain only in marginal a  tu program have been carried out at the research station.
13401	3	ield, drag leaf yield, harvesting time, essential oil rate and component of essential oil will   me, essential oil rate and component of essential oil will be determined. moreover, essential o  ntial oil will be determined. moreover, essential oil obtained from some plants will be trialed
13354	6	the storage facilities of national gene bank at aari for se       the storage facilities of national gene bank at aari for seed collection have been designe  e and active collections, respectively. cold rooms work at -18 °c for long-term and 0 °c for me  rk at -18 °c for long-term and 0 °c for medium term storage. there are also facilities for temp   content and kept in the sealed can and glass containers for base and active collections. all t   collections. all the conditions in the gene bank comply with internationally recommended stand
6784	3	the theme of our research work is to compare the effect of conventional   l and ecological farming system on soil biological activity and yield. within the two farming s  to study the effect of plant nutrition, crop rotation and soil amelioration and prove the authe
6947	4	c bottoming of the southern bitch mouse action plan. we would like to initiate the dna bar-codi  plan. we would like to initiate the dna bar-coding system for the mammalian biology in hungary.  nt of this method for terrestrial small mammalian fauna of hungary would be accomplished by our  test opportunities of the method is the genetic analysis of the bones from owl-pellets. at the
6966	2	ndrial encoded genes on germline and in tumor tissue as well. current data from literature supp  nts of genes encoding the mitochondrial electron transport chain and steroid biosynthesis will
12767	7	ousing and industrial, recreational and commercial development is placing increasing pressures   a containing a species that is afforded legal protection, suc as the great crested newt, there   rded legal protection, suc as the great crested newt, there is a legal obligation to undertake   kelihood of animals being killed by the development activity ponds for which there are existing  favourable conservation status of great crested newts. different types of mitigation actions wi   of the project will allow the relevant government agencies to perform their statutory duties m  for dealing with situations where great crested newts and their habitats come into conflict wit
11258	1	h more violent eruptions that scattered volcanic ash over great distances. working out which of
11391	1	h more violent eruptions that scattered volcanic ash over great distances. working out which of
10528	8	rian fossil localities where fossilised soft tissues are preserved. in this context, the orsten  osits is critical for investigating the early development of animal body plans, particularly cr  ts and therefore the majority of living animal diversity arose within this group. orsten style   e rapid impregnation or encrustation of soft tissues by the mineral calcium phosphate. these pr  ertain animal groups; and what types of marine environments did these early animals occupy this  ion with global stratigraphy. a limited pilot study, targeting about 5 kg of rock has shown tha  hire. we will conduct detailed scanning electron microscopy of new fossil material from comley   s biased to particular animal groups or soft tissues. we will evaluate the petrography of the h
13859	4	simulation models that describe potato late blight. these models integrate a number of factors  tors that affect the increase of potato late blight. we will use data generated within a nordic  line with cips overall goal of a global late blight model, and the nordic data will be an extre  rameters has on the overall increase of late blight and evaluating different implementations of
15274	3	. since this growth can be related with calendar years, it is possible to use annual ring chara   may hide the existence of differential life history traits between the individuals living in t   age-structure, age to maturity, radial growth rates, non-structural carbohydrate reserve level
12141	5	the subject matter of the project „expansion of palaeoveget  egetation in context of the postglacial ecosystem dynamics in the eastern baltic is to obtain a  ltic after the reatreat of scandinavian ice sheet. alongside with this the relationships among   rotection of the living environment and natural resources. should be pointed out that top level  l resources. should be pointed out that top level scientific investigations describing the post
13766	4	is crucial for understanding e.g. meta-population dynamics, gene flow, species distributions,   standing e.g. meta-population dynamics, gene flow, species distributions, and invasion of exoti   species distributions, and invasion of exotic species, this research field is severely hampere  s, and invasion of exotic species, this research field is severely hampered by a lack of experi
7365	2	of the project is to convert the plant pathogenic bacterium solanacearum ralstonia legume symb  e mechanisms that led to this change of ecological niche
9868	5	ry of debate among researchers studying animal behaviour as to whether all animals learn in a b  ions they experience. recent laboratory experimental studies of two closely related species of   the experiments are designed to test an evolutionary hypothesis about how specialized forms of    great interest to researchers studying evolutionary biology, ecology and animal behaviour.   dying evolutionary biology, ecology and animal behaviour.
11537	1	vestigation of the relationship between plant communities and hydrology in fynbos habitat in th
11363	3	this question is of central interest to evolutionary biology and conservation biology alike, be  n can dramatically alter the outcome of evolutionary processes and the viability of populations  ses and the viability of populations of endangered species. recent pilot analyses that we have
15401	2	ation end-points than those demanded by current legislation. technology transfer to end-users i   those demanded by current legislation. technology transfer to end-users is considered through
11103	1	t as fossils, and therefore whether the fossil record preserves a representative number of cocc
11202	2	eing direct reporters of the outcome of gene expression, proteomics is conducted most simply wh  tion between individuals, infection and population dynamics and sperm competition. the first pa
7531	2	es. this project also aims to conduct a pilot study to show the effectiveness of thematic filte  s for screening and characterization of biological functions of interest. the potential applica
7291	1	ollections of the national network, the molecular analysis of the structure of the studied coll
6901	4	e. to recover the hidden information, a specific group of statistical procedures are used in bi  evel studies based on molecular data to community level surveys utilizing functional attributes  e project leader has long experience in data analysis and numerical ecology, and the necessary   ular. essentially, the project involves basic research, whilst its results may receive applicat
10203	12	methane is a potent greenhouse gas, second in importance only to carbon dio  house gas, second in importance only to carbon dioxide. most methane is produced by microorgani  the geological past have been linked to global warming. global methane production in marine sed  l warming. global methane production in marine sediments is very significant and these sediment   as being a sensitive trigger for rapid climate change. surprisingly, we know relatively little  he microbes controlling methane flux in marine sediments severely limits our ability to predict   by investigating methane production in high-pressure systems. these systems mimic sediment con   with microbial communities from marine gas hydrate sediments to determine their response to te  . from these experiments and a range of marine sediments we will isolate a number of methanogen  ted by dna surveys. study sites include coastal sediments which are strongly influenced by huma  iments which are strongly influenced by human activity, globally significant gas hydrate sedime  by human activity, globally significant gas hydrate sediments and mud volcanoes, which have rec
2107	9	it is a well established fact that kelp forest are highly productive areas, with an annual  ve also shown that kelp is an important carbon source for many animals in these areas. however,  ans that carbon from kelp mainly enters food webs through pom . this project focuses on exposur  g primary and secondary production in a kelp forest on the norwegian west coast. it will look c  ast. it will look closer into different functional groups and compare food webs at three differ  different functional groups and compare food webs at three different degrees of exposure. will   er in pom rich areas will there be more filter feeders in pom rich areas the project will also   ts where wounds and scars caused by the heavy swells may be more common. increased knowledge of  more common. increased knowledge of the kelp forest as an ecological system is important for a
10547	6	hreats facing marine biodiversity, from climate change to overfishing, occur over very large ar  rge areas, yet most of our knowledge of marine ecology is derived from rather small-scale studi  erefore a pressing need to find ways to scale up local knowledge so that we can gain a better u  ted at scales relevant to international environmental policy. an important first step in this d  onal environmental policy. an important first step in this direction has already been taken, th  s well as extending the scale of marine biodiversity research, then, we hope also to expand the
12196	3	nputs, improved soil structure, reduced soil erosion and run-off, enhanced pollinator services   oil structure, reduced soil erosion and run-off, enhanced pollinator services and increased res  increased resilience of biodiversity to climate change impacts.
12268	1	e only lowland, mixed-agriculture farm. data collection will continue at drayton during the yea
14228	2	adation, area loss and fragmentation of natural habitats are considered to be major threats to   udy the effects of derived diversity to community properties and relate it with change in taxon
11384	3	is important for deciding how we target conservation effort for individual species and, because  of environmental variation on birth and death rates. however, there are also indirect effects t  ns between organisms . zsl has played a key role in developing classifications of risk that are
7042	1	research project p 13742 reconstructin miocene ecosyste
10958	3	sediments during odp leg l7lb offers a unique opportunity to obtain a detailed and accurate re  ian/cenomanian oaeld. stable oxygen and carbon isotope analyses on individual species will prov   reconstruct the effects of oaes on the marine ecosystem.
14634	2	cted by restrictions like the access to ground water and nutrients and the different intensity   ems. the invasion of dune ecosystems by exotic species and their incorporation to the current e
15455	4	red deer is one of the main game species in all europe.   the majority of the spanish states for big game in 2005, our group revealed an effect of the d  this project may be transferred to game consulting companies or game managers to reduce the fre  steoporosis based on antler studies and clinical data.
14646	1	structure of bird communities in mature pine forests of the southwestern palearctic.
14589	6	red deer populations represent an important natural res  deer populations represent an important natural resource in the european countryside. their exp  f management are associated with losing genetic variation in local populations, besides the pos  ciated with losing genetic variation in local populations, besides the possible introgression o  o study the processes that cause losing genetic variation through the analysis of the relations  ers, breeding system, and the amount of genetic variation passed on to the following generation
7548	2	ies conducted, maintaining an important genetic diversity. two contrasting situations will be s  o of guadeloupe and marie galante where farming practices have changed little. the survey of fa
13597	3	implement a number of field surveys and experimental studies using bacterial communities in roc   studies using bacterial communities in rock pools to investigate the importance of local and r  ial biogeography, regulating factors of microbial diversity, and microbial metacommunity ecolog
14746	1	an exception. land erosion has modified fish habitats and threatens species diversity. the rest
10294	9	e is currently 1.8 ppm and about 20% of global warming has been attributed to this potent green  ming has been attributed to this potent greenhouse gas. it is estimated that 400-640 tg of meth   bacteria which grow on methane as sole carbon source have been obtained from many environments  hs which grow on both methane and multi-carbon compounds such as acetate now make it imperative   methane cycle. we propose to study the environmental regulation of methane oxidation in a mode  etate utilisation and to determine what environmental factors regulate metabolism in this bacte  ium. we have also developed a number of cutting edge molecular ecology tools which enable us to  y tools which enable us to parallel the laboratory culture experiments with microcosm experimen  nments facultative methanotrophs have a competitive edge over obligate methanotrophs and that t
11660	1	e degradation. the study will provide a unique opportunity for the student to be trained in bot
12511	2	and may poorly predict soil functions. biological properties, which respond more rapidly to ch  ategies to use biological, chemical and physical components to address the soil health concept
12236	2	be delivered with the habitat. phase 3: data analysis: detailed summaries of each farmer interv  ons for defra. in addition to the usual executive summary, the consultants will present key fin
12519	1	lity where resources within research in organic food and farming are joined. this project will
15577	8	vailable land area, and as such play an important role in conserving biodiversity. farmland bio  sity makes an important contribution to agricultural production by providing ecosystem services  m services such as crop pollination and biological control of crop pests. in many regions farm    control of crop pests. in many regions farm fields are becoming ever larger, and many agricult  nd the ecosystem services important for agricultural production are there policies which, if fo  vices in farmlands without compromising agricultural production farmland is an international re  production farmland is an international research program aimed at addressing these questions. p  d that, in addition to the area of semi-natural habitats, the spatial heterogeneity of the crop
12600	5	soil is the essential growing medium for our food, timber and other crops. it  rally for re-use, because up to half of development areas are returned to vegetated uses, but c  harge and water quality. the first soil action plan for england, 2004-06 recognises that there    to improve soil management practice on construction sites and identify opportunities for the s  . much of the research will be based on case studies at sites across england and the project ai
14194	2	applied together, a synergistic growth inhibitory effect was observed. however, this interacti  al and physiological assays, as well as molecular genetics approaches, we anticipate results fr
10848	3	ively representative. we propose to use fatty acid and stable isotope analysis as novel approac  formation on integrated diet over time. fatty acids and stable isotope analysis have been estab   and ontogenetic changes in the various life history strategies. this will significantly advanc
14565	1	raphy of the species and data about the natural history, geographical distribution and species
15413	1	on and updating of knowledge of the old errant polychaetes as well as a large group of sedentar
10533	4	ts in which early artefacts occur, this research field being at the interface between geology a  rding, sampling and use of geographical information systems . cambridge zoology will provide tr  dating, by analysis of changes in their amino acid content, which will assist the project by pr  , by analysis of changes in their amino acid content, which will assist the project by providin
6882	1	the marine sediments of egerian in hungary on the surface c
11193	5	over the last thirty years field biologists have established a number of outstandi  ng long-term ecological studies of wild bird populations throughout britain and europe. these p  europe. these populations have played a central role in our current understanding of that are r  derstanding of that are responsible for evolutionary change. the major constraint for this type  tudy is that no passerine species has a genetic map. this proposal describes how i will initiat
12217	2	feasibility study into the potential of crop pollinator  entomopathogenic fungi for invertebrate pest control
15249	3	avian scavengers may play an important role in the removal of all kinds of carcasses  and, at the same time, to contribute to wildlife conservation. in the present project our aim i   may contribute to the knowledge of the life history, ecology, evolution and conservation of av
10657	3	bering sea, as well as of the adjacent continental climate. in addition to being sensitive to   g sensitive to regional and potentially global climate change, the bering sea is one of the sou  tive to regional and potentially global climate change, the bering sea is one of the source reg
11491	2	nding the history, cause, and impact of sea level fluctuations is a compelling goal of earth sy  e is clearly increasing. whereas global sea level rise during the previous century was ~1.8 mm/
2184	5	s for forecasting ecological effects of climate change, ii climate change scenarios for case st  cological effects of climate change, ii climate change scenarios for case study systems and iii  change, ii climate change scenarios for case study systems and iii quantification and identific  es and zooplankton prey will be used as case studies. these systems are ideal due to their rela   will promote recruitment to ecological climate change forecasting by including a phd position
13971	2	on. ecosystem effects depend on complex food web and environmental interactions. it is not poss  s and stomach analyses we will estimate predation pressure on zooplankton and fish larvae. repr
13769	6	the introduction of exotic species is considered a major threat to global b   to global biodiversity and the ongoing climate change could alter species distributions. this   ms to assess feeding characteristics of invasive species and to find out if species with wide f   feeding niches how the invader affects food web structure. this project will assess how feedin  l invaders and their effects on the new food web. the new methods i will apply for analysing st  data put the project at the frontier in food web ecology.
14303	2	idelines and publication of results.the vast majority of the belgian forests are private proper  ast majority of the belgian forests are private property. at the moment, little information is
15042	9	current knowledge of food web dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems is limited   ty of studies including the detritivore food chain and incorporating the effects of spatial het  the effects of spatial heterogeneity on food web structure and functioning. the need to conduct  tegrating the different components of a food web has been repeatedly pointed out as a priority   ointed out as a priority on terrestrial food webs. therefore, the inclussion of detritus based   efore, the inclussion of detritus based food webs remains among the most relevant questions in   ns among the most relevant questions in food web ecology. in addition, spatial heterogeneity ap  hallenging question to fully understand food web dinamycs. the analysis of mechanisms allowing    is to include spatial heterogeneity in food webs investigating the mosaic of interactions gene
12281	4	to finalise these after comments by the peer review panel. as part of the ongoing process of de  nalise these after comments by the peer review panel. as part of the ongoing process of develop  t to establish international links with research groups in other countries that might be able t  l to plan more environmentally friendly crop rotations whilst maintaining economic sustainabili
12235	2	the project will design and code a software patch for incorporating into planet, that will  orporating into planet, that will allow industry standard nutrient and lime recommendations to
12221	4	k government is committed to increasing energy security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.   increasing energy security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. amongst the sources of renewa  energy security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. amongst the sources of renewable energy   e gas emissions. amongst the sources of renewable energy that have been recognised as important
13372	1	of plant genetic resources, especially genetic diversity of crop plants, their wild relatives
10071	4	lflies. fitness is a central concept of evolutionary biology and is defined by different biolog   can be regarded as its contribution to future generations. in humans it could be thought of as  the last ten years thanks to the use of genetic markers, so-called dna fingerprinting. the stud  le to undertake the necessary molecular genetic analysis. the advantages of using damselflies a
7053	3	ion will be tested, aimed at minimizing failure rates, and these tools will be made freely avai  egrative taxonomy needs well-documented case studies for the fine-tuning of procedural details.  ary questions addressed will facilitate follow-up research into further aspects of the species’
6876	4	explicit individual based modelling of population dynamics, experimental population and commun   intrinsically subordinate species in a wide range of grasslands. our comparative studies with   ative studies with specific trait-based structural analyses will produce new types of assembly   s and functional types, and for testing sampling techniques.
215	5	trees’ fine root systems adapt to environmental conditions by incre  marizing of different estimates of fine root systems and in the improvement of knowledge about   n two branches of science: mycology and plant ecology, in the field of mineral nutrition of woo   strategies for european coniferous and deciduous forests, will increase our knowledge base and  nd deciduous forests, will increase our knowledge base and also be of practical value in forest
9931	1	t litter buried around mapped hygrocybe fairy rings will permit tracking of isotope enrichment
10529	3	geosciences laboratory and the british geological survey has been formed to undertake work. of  n plant tissues and with respect to the central role that plants have on the chemical forms of   e in plant physiology, soil science and analytical chemistry to identify processes affecting th
10457	5	fine sediment plays an important role in the transfer and fate of nutrients th   transfer and fate of nutrients through river basins. in recent years, groundwater-fed rivers t  of macro-nutrients linked to changes in land use and river management practices. these increase  e increase have resulted in a number of environmental problems not least for stream biota. to i  owland permeable catchments there is an urgent need for improved understanding of fine sediment
15505	2	iterranean europe causing a devastating environmental damage. burning modifies the morphology,    taxonomy and phylogenetic structure of plant communities. fire also stamps a genetic fingerpri
13757	4	ire regimes are now heavily modified by human activities to generate both biological and socio-  e years in parts of europe, there is an urgent need for a co-ordinated european policy on fire   eman is to generate policy guidance and management tools for the appropriate use of fire to fos  e adoption of an integrated approach to forest fire management is crucial, and starts with land
9881	4	ire regimes are now heavily modified by human activities to generate both biological and socio-  e years in parts of europe, there is an urgent need for a co-ordinated european policy on fire   eman is to generate policy guidance and management tools for the appropriate use of fire to fos  e adoption of an integrated approach to forest fire management is crucial, and starts with land
473	3	ire regimes are now heavily modified by human activities to generate both biological and socio-  e years in parts of europe, there is an urgent need for a co-ordinated european policy on fire   eman is to generate policy guidance and management tools for the appropriate use of fire to fos
15569	4	ire regimes are now heavily modified by human activities to generate both biological and socio-  e years in parts of europe, there is an urgent need for a co-ordinated european policy on fire   eman is to generate policy guidance and management tools for the appropriate use of fire to fos  e adoption of an integrated approach to forest fire management is crucial, and starts with land
6819	2	ies, as well as the occurrence of fluke larval stages developing in molluscs, in order to selec  nd shellfish species acting as possible intermediate hosts. we will pay especial attention to s
2209	3	ms at developing useful and operational management tools for detection of population change and  tion of population change and impact of human activities, and for risk analysis. adaptive manag  r risk analysis. adaptive management of natural resources does not only require an efficient ma
11327	8	jor component of the marine-atmospheric carbon cycle is the precipitation and dissolution of ca  is the precipitation and dissolution of calcium carbonate in seawater. calcium carbonate is the  ution of calcium carbonate in seawater. calcium carbonate is the mineral that makes up rocks su  tant to our understanding of the global carbon cycle, and to the earth system as a whole. this   organic carbon budget. large amounts of calcium carbonate are produced in the global oceans by    oceanic carbonate production by marine bony fish. these animals ingest sea water and are now k  r and are now known to also precipitate calcium carbonate within their guts and excrete these a   this previously unrecognised source of marine carbonate is significant in its own right but, w
2201	2	eriences and data both from releases of exotic species in sweden as well as doing comparative a  uctions of alien species and to build a conceptual model regarding main factors resulting in su
6974	3	ide summarizes 25 years of research and field experience, filling a critical gap in several acc  tion of 90 fish species, 21 figures, 90 distribution maps and 100 colorful photos with internal  o the more efficient use of the book in higher education.
2200	3	us fish species have established in the drainage area of the baltic sea. 2. analyze the effects  y: - assessing the effects of increased water temperature on establishment and spreading of non  d spreading of non-indigenous fishes in coastal waters, and - assessing the effects of fishery
11677	2	fish kills are a common occurrence in shallow, european  effectively lake sediments might record fish kills and other food-web changes in shallow lakes.
15585	6	y responses to anthropogenic changes of land use and climate. this is particularly evident for   iving in freshwater where the dendritic network structure leads to uneven dispersal among local  and future biodiversity scenarios using freshwater fishes as the study organisms. the projects   uild integrated scenario models for key biodiversity indicators colonize streams, lakes or more  ve effects on biodiversity by hindering invasive species dispersal and providing refuges in iso  hes at the catchment scale, we have the unique opportunity to combine detailed lake and stream
2133	1	to reduce the impact of human activities on ecosystems is a major challenge of
12066	1	mics and play a predominant role in the food webs. fishes are also useful indicators of aquatic
1996	5	conditions, on the level of inter- and intraspecific competition and on individual characteris  eristics of the bird, such as age, sex, body size and competitive ability. empirical measuremen  comparing breeding success and seasonal survival rates for birds that breed versus winter in di  parative approach provides an important first step into a better understanding of the trade-off  step into a better understanding of the trade-off that spoonbills and other migratory birds mak
15043	4	framework composed of the following 10 working hypotheses: on an intensively studied populatio  opulation of a long-lived predator, the black kite milvus migrans, breeding in doñana national   kite milvus migrans, breeding in doñana national park. the project will employ an innovative mu  andard of results dissemination through scientific journals, presentations at congresses and co
15044	1	has so far hindered demonstrating that cooperative societies fulfil the conditions where kin s
2089	3	complish this we will combine light and electron microscopy with molecular techniques and cultu  cular techniques and culturing methods. field measurements and sampling will be performed in di  elling resting stages or cysts in their life cycle, which may seed new algal blooms.
2500	6	reeding in seasonal environments of the northern hemisphere, reproduction is an annual event in  northern hemisphere, reproduction is an annual event interrupted by a non-reproductive period w   patterns across a range of species and life histories, and for constructing coarse-scale predi  ts and flycatchers with the specialized life-style of dippers, with respect to consequences and  ards an integration of animal movement, life history and population dynamics. such efforts are   on of animal movement, life history and population dynamics. such efforts are necessary to more
15072	1	using parsimony, bayesian inference and maximum likelihood approaches to infer the phylogenetic
14682	1	ious projects, it is now the aim of our research group in the university of salamanca, first, t
15447	1	the nectar of this genus's flowers. our working hypothesis would be that the nectars chemical c
222	7	the loss of natural habitats and the diversity of their biota due t  and-use practices is one of the biggest environmental problems on the global scale. different s  , increase in isolation and increase in edge effect. all these processes might have impact on p  ll these processes might have impact on plant communities’ quality – species richness and flors  s project the distribution of different plant communities in the landscape and its change durin  m change in the quality of species-rich plant communities – in their species richness and speci  the present-day spatial extent of these habitat types on the landscape level, but also the effe
7318	4	axes of the call for research proposals: this multidisciplinary research pro  earch proposals: this multidisciplinary research program is part of the axis 1 /"territorial st  because sheep breeding systems, meat or milk production standards are likely to affect the avai  tion generated by the reintroduction of griffon vultures in the causses had specifically been s
10295	2	ol to predict how organism size and the physical properties of water, such as temperature, may   ture, may influence feeding by this key functional group in situations not addressed by current
11223	2	ol to predict how organism size and the physical properties of water, such as temperature, may   ture, may influence feeding by this key functional group in situations not addressed by current
11762	2	ol to predict how organism size and the physical properties of water, such as temperature, may   ture, may influence feeding by this key functional group in situations not addressed by current
15177	2	resent a compromise between conflicting selective pressures exerted, often simultaneously, by a  tic interacting organisms as well as by environmental factors. thus, the net effect of such int
9990	1	for making high quality measurements of carbon dioxide .
14794	2	the duraton river . overall, field and laboratory studies about the differential bioaccumulati  erential bioaccumulation of fluorine in aquatic plants and animals will permit to indentify sui
7052	1	volatile organic compounds using a process oriented model of eco
11661	1	n understanding and engineering against engine failure, but of the 79,972 aircraft bird strike
14208	2	theoretical basis and by regarding the cost-effectiveness of the selection process needed list  spans over multiple scales, considers a wide range of taxonomic groups, and might ultimately an
11155	1	ifespan vary greatly within and between animal species, yet two clear patterns have emerged. 1
13604	2	obes are integral components of aquatic food webs and are crucial for the cycling of carbon and  or the cycling of carbon and nutrients. microbial populations are controlled by a combination o
11269	13	time, the world bank has assessed that economic growth from agriculture generates at least twi   sector. eastern africa has severe food security problems often related to high inter-annual an  ure and pastoral activity dominates the subsistence farming sector, whilst large estate farms g   the subsistence farming sector, whilst large estate farms growing export crops depend on irrig  ctor, whilst large estate farms growing export crops depend on irrigation to smooth fluctuation  gation to smooth fluctuations in annual production levels. there is apparent potential in terms  tional scale, most tanzanian and kenyan river basin authorities consider basins to be water-str  conflicting demands are exceeding basin water supply. this is a particular issue in relation to  urism, providing important additions of foreign currency. both kenya and tanzania have identifi  culture to capture the potential of its river basins amid water scarcity in areas earmarked as   es. however, the complexity of existing land use and its impact on water resources and associat  ation and development, in particular in rural areas in kenya and tanzania facing major challeng  or challenges from socio-ecological and climate change.
11416	13	time, the world bank has assessed that economic growth from agriculture generates at least twi   sector. eastern africa has severe food security problems often related to high inter-annual an  ure and pastoral activity dominates the subsistence farming sector, whilst large estate farms g   the subsistence farming sector, whilst large estate farms growing export crops depend on irrig  ctor, whilst large estate farms growing export crops depend on irrigation to smooth fluctuation  gation to smooth fluctuations in annual production levels. there is apparent potential in terms  tional scale, most tanzanian and kenyan river basin authorities consider basins to be water-str  conflicting demands are exceeding basin water supply. this is a particular issue in relation to  urism, providing important additions of foreign currency. both kenya and tanzania have identifi  culture to capture the potential of its river basins amid water scarcity in areas earmarked as   es. however, the complexity of existing land use and its impact on water resources and associat  ation and development, in particular in rural areas in kenya and tanzania facing major challeng  or challenges from socio-ecological and climate change.
13369	1	iological yield , pod number per plant, black spots on seed, pigmentation, days to maturity and
14828	5	regulate population numbers is still a central issue in population ecology. habitat heterogene  eading to density-dependent regulation. golden eagle populations seem to be regulated by intra-  vertebrates, rather than a curiosity of animal behaviour, is a key ecological process largely o  s in europe hold breeding population of golden eagle as well as human regulated ungulate popula  ability in population regulation of the golden eagle and to discuss the conservation implicatio
12467	1	coherence between the cfp and fisheries development policy. it will also involve identification
11501	10	dicting the impacts of global change on rural communities at local to regional scales is increa   to the accelerated pace of climate and economic change. however, it is clear that food securit   continue to remain a critical issue in developing countries due to the volatile and unpredicta  he volatile and unpredictable nature of food chains. food security in rural communities rely si  nature of food chains. food security in rural communities rely significantly on the flow of eco  ether expertise in anthropology and the social sciences, economics, ecology, risk management, s  he social sciences, economics, ecology, risk management, spatial planning, climate change and c  ogy, risk management, spatial planning, climate change and complexity sciences to design and in  to explore the uncertainty, volatility, trade-offs and tipping points associated with managing   mic landscapes under climate and social-economic change.
9838	6	studies of food webs rarely encompass more than one class of natur  l enemy. with insects, most terrestrial food webs are highly biased towards parasitoids while m   towards parasitoids while most aquatic food webs are equally biased towards predators. the aim  ady exists but, as in other terrestrial food web studies, obtaining quantified trophic informat  proposal molecular techniques, novel to food webs, will be used to detect and identify prey dna  e role of native and alien predators in food webs.
14836	4	human activity has significantly increased the inputs o  e presence of dissolved microcystins in running waters was recorded, with maximum levels near 4   the ecological stoichiometry of stream food webs, and modelling the stoichiometric relations b  between compartments in complete stream food webs.
15310	1	mographic parameters, such as natal and survival rates. a less explored side of food as a popul
210	1	ll be investigated. 2. to determine the nutritional value of various crops for bees and to spec
2106	6	vestigations to explore the dynamics of bearded seal foraging and the effects of these activiti  ties of the arctic. we will: 1 complete data collection from our captive bearded seal experimen  mplete data collection from our captive bearded seal experiments in one final set of trials tha  munity assemblages at, near and outside bearded seal foraging areas in order to assess the impa  areas in order to assess the impacts of bearded seal feeding on the benthic communities composi  l add significantly to our knowledge of bearded seal ecology and the dynamics of benthic commun
9970	1	ations. however despite a large body of laboratory work testing prey selection theory, to our k
11359	1	ations. however despite a large body of laboratory work testing prey selection theory, to our k
7016	1	the abyssal zone will be carried out. for ecological interp
10659	16	r shells in different environments from one another and scientists are unknowingly using a mixt  e from fossil shells to understand past climate changes in these regions . during my advanced f  p, my principle task has been to assess genetic variation within important morphospecies and th  und two million years ago when the cold glacial period began. the antarctic ones also diverged   ed in a cold current following the last glacial period. all this knowledge tells us about how l  rror into researcher s calculations and climate models. my evidence on the genetic diversity an   and climate models. my evidence on the genetic diversity and ecology of living forams in the c   with new ways of improving accuracy in fossil record interpretation by utilising the changing   am shells in these regions. it is now a high priority to investigate the wind driven upwelling   ubtropical waters which play an equally vital role in earth s climate system to determine the g  ine genotyping at different depths with high resolution chemical analyses of the different laye  t different depths with high resolution chemical analyses of the different layers of their shel  rs of their shell produced during their life cycle. an extensive investigation into genotype sh   facilitate their identification in the fossil record. improving the resolution of present day   n the uk and abroad. in addition, a new data base of all genotyped specimens and their location  h will be made available for use by the scientific community when complete.
14314	2	ecies diversity for the provisioning of forest ecosystem goods and services and on the other ha  s for long-term top quality research on forest ecosystems in belgium.
11877	2	our vision: to impel climate change mitigation action by motivating private   vate investments in sustainably managed forest ecosystem services. our contribution: to address
7145	3	ural practices on plant biodiversity in forest areas, in which we showed that the former use of  o: * assess the influence of the former land use on the faunal biodiversity. * measure the rela  lative incidence of ancient customs and climate change on the biodiversity of the tree layer. *
7473	2	regarding adaptation of forest trees to climate changes, linking different disciplines: ecology  evolution. foresttrac brings together a critical mass of research expertise in these discipline
13464	4	boreal forest soils are reservoirs of enormous biodiver  ents designed to stimulate tree growth. negative effects on dominant species are often recorded  mulate tree growth. negative effects on dominant species are often recorded in relation to larg  are often recorded in relation to large single doses of fertiliser and are usually attributed t
404	3	cial report on fertilization effects on forest ecosystems abundance of vaccinium dwarf-shrubs.   t productivity, the observed changes in plant community composition suggests that forest fertil  ke informed decisions about the optimal forest management strategy to ensure that both producti
14504	1	re effects on the aquatic biota and its recovery process. very little is known on these effects
14972	1	g a stress gradient. 2. to evaluate the edge effect on epiphytic lichen communities. 3. to eval
13459	3	a lack of knowledge on both short- and long terms effects of enhanced inorganic nitrogen . lon  ctivity and plankton structure, and the energy transfer efficiency from basal trophic levels up  ction of surface waters, and to advance forest management guidelines for limiting nutrient expo
13873	1	chens and abundance of invertebrates in boreal forests. however, many epiphytic lichens have de
11691	19	green rust is an iron oxyhydroxide mineral phase which        green rust is an iron oxyhydroxide mineral phase which forms in natural soils under reduci  ntaminate groundwaters of radionuclide, toxic metal and organic contaminants. green rust genera  , toxic metal and organic contaminants. green rust generally consists of minute particles - nan  - nanoparticles - that have a very high surface area which gives them the ability to absorb a h  species from solution. the formation of green rust can occur via both abiotic and biotic pathwa  er the following questions: 1. how does green rust nucleate and grow 2. what controls the trans   2. what controls the transformation of green rust to fe3+-oxyhydroxides during oxidation 3. wh  on 3. what determines the speciation of trace elements associated with green rust as it forms a  ation of trace elements associated with green rust as it forms and transforms during oxidation   ion 4. how do biogenic processes affect green rust formation and trace element speciation 5. un  ocesses affect green rust formation and trace element speciation 5. under what environmental co  nder what environmental conditions does green rust form and how does this effect trace element   reen rust form and how does this effect trace element and contaminant mobility in the environme   4 objectives will consist of extensive experimental studies examining green rust under a varie  xtensive experimental studies examining green rust under a variety of conditions analogous to t  ages which will allow us to predict how green rust behaves in both natural system and contamina  orm modelling under the conditions that green rust will form within a simulated nuclear waste r  green rust will form within a simulated nuclear waste repository so we can quantify the affect
9942	19	green rust is an iron oxyhydroxide mineral phase which        green rust is an iron oxyhydroxide mineral phase which forms in natural soils under reduci  ntaminate groundwaters of radionuclide, toxic metal and organic contaminants. green rust genera  , toxic metal and organic contaminants. green rust generally consists of minute particles - nan  - nanoparticles - that have a very high surface area which gives them the ability to absorb a h  species from solution. the formation of green rust can occur via both abiotic and biotic pathwa  er the following questions: 1. how does green rust nucleate and grow 2. what controls the trans   2. what controls the transformation of green rust to fe3+-oxyhydroxides during oxidation 3. wh  on 3. what determines the speciation of trace elements associated with green rust as it forms a  ation of trace elements associated with green rust as it forms and transforms during oxidation   ion 4. how do biogenic processes affect green rust formation and trace element speciation 5. un  ocesses affect green rust formation and trace element speciation 5. under what environmental co  nder what environmental conditions does green rust form and how does this effect trace element   reen rust form and how does this effect trace element and contaminant mobility in the environme   4 objectives will consist of extensive experimental studies examining green rust under a varie  xtensive experimental studies examining green rust under a variety of conditions analogous to t  ages which will allow us to predict how green rust behaves in both natural system and contamina  orm modelling under the conditions that green rust will form within a simulated nuclear waste r  green rust will form within a simulated nuclear waste repository so we can quantify the affect
10399	6	argues that large herbivores played an important role in maintaining substantial open areas in  ncluding grazing and mowing. the recent fossil data will be collected from sediment samples tak  int of what each site looks like in the fossil record. this will allow us to determine the broa   of woodlands which may be found in the fossil record. we have to study recent fossils rather t  oncerned with the interpretation of the fossil record, rather than the interpretation of the mo  open canopy, providing contradictory or supporting evidence towards the landscape structure ide
11632	5	hydrothermal vents are extreme environments in the deep   where cold seawater seeps down through volcanic rocks, is heated by magma, reacts with the roc  ses back to the surface of the ocean as hydrothermal vent fluid. vent fluid is very hot, oxygen  emistries and temperatures in an active hydrothermal vent field at 9 degrees n on the east paci  allow proper interpretation of the vent fossil record and substantially increase our understand
6921	4	t is to promote the integration of mard research institutes and to improve their research techn  hnologies in a cost effective way. thus basic research partner institutes in cooperation with a   institutes in cooperation with applied research institutes could join in the improvement of hu  ltd. to develop new, higher value-added agricultural products. as cost effective development, w
7710	1	. coupled with chemical analysis of volatile aromas ascocarps this wil
7006	4	differences in species composition and body size distribution. few studies have considered spa  ganisms, particularly in lotic systems. body size influences an organisms energetic requirement  elation, between population density and body size in benthic animal assemblages may be attribut  ore if scaling of population density to body size converges across communities. furthermore, we
15404	4	le most critical to inform biodiversity conservation policies and strategies. here we present a  e present a spanish- and european-scale research proposal that combines atlas species distribut  es atlas species distribution data, the satellite imagery-generated corine land cover database,  ographical studies, and are relevant to conservation policies involving the forest biotas of eu
15383	1	ing the reduction of virulence of these mutant strains against several species of protozoa. in
12038	16	predicting diversity of freshwater fish communities: a framework for global cha  ater fauna documented so far are due to human activities. as a result and to give an example, t   fish, habitat loss, flow modification, industrial pollution, eutrophication and introduction o  e greatest diversity threats worldwide. global climate change may further regionally amplify ha  est diversity threats worldwide. global climate change may further regionally amplify habitat l  ning species occurrence for the world’s freshwater fish fauna at the river drainage basin scale  ld’s freshwater fish fauna at the river drainage basin scale and endemism are not fully congrue  ng driver of the global biogeography of body size in freshwater fishes. we further built and us  the global biogeography of body size in freshwater fishes. we further built and used an empiric  n-area curve to project future rates of freshwater fish extinction following variations in rive  xtinction following variations in river drainage area resulting from global climate change. we   s in river drainage area resulting from global climate change. we predict that only few, and na  ver drainage area resulting from global climate change. we predict that only few, and narrowly   rrowly geographically distributed river drainage basins should suffer an increase in population  ase in population extinction rates from drainage area loss by 2090. moreover, habitat loss in t  y 2090. moreover, habitat loss in these drainage basins will hasten natural extinction rates by
14603	5	ction between dissolved and particulate organic carbon has ecological sense because poc goes do   by gravity exporting c from surface to deep waters, whereas doc is retained into the water col  ion from dissolved precursors using the polymer gel theory as a theoretical framework. to date,  ncentrations up to 30 times higher than marine ecosystems and colloids aggregation is density-d  s density-dependent, the application of polymer gel theory to limnology opens a new scientific
11502	5	hich in turn determines vital rates and population growth. a key aspect of this process is the   itness. here we propose to explore this important issue by working on the spatial ecology of a   ence geographic origins dictated by its evolutionary history. whilst breeding, all individuals   eding coincides with a seasonal drop in sea surface temperatures affects distribution patterns,  uences, and in this way brings together evolutionary biology and applied ecology.
1972	4	one of the most intriguing questions in chemical ecology is why one pla  tween plants and their enemies. because biological activity is strongly correlated with structu  d design a probe to link differences in gene expression to chemical profiles. second, we will a   chemotypes. by combining the molecular-genetic information with the ecological aspects of this
2539	7	this research will study life history evolution of african butterflies in the ge  phylogenetic framework by inferring the evolutionary history of all the main lineages using mol   applying comparative methods to assess life history evolution and diversification patterns in   xamine the effects of anthropogenic and climate change. the life histories of african lepidochr  f anthropogenic and climate change. the life histories of african lepidochrysops are very simil  bably as a consequence of their complex life histories, the butterflies are amongst the first t  his difference is likely to shape their population dynamics. our results will therefore be of g
7385	1	oint, ethnological and legal from three case studies
10773	4	nt of the distribution and abundance of marine mammals has been identified as one of the sofi p  marine protected areas for wide ranging marine mammals. potential application and benefits: the  constraints for offshore mpa design for marine mammals. this will be of primary interest to pol   software will also lend itself well to public exhibition, illustrating how management of the o
11115	4	stainable development and protection of marine ecosystems. it is recognised that greater commun   communication and co-operation between research establishments, industry, conservation bodies,  shments, industry, conservation bodies, regulatory agencies and policy-makers is essential in o  those charged with a responsibility for environmental protection. funding, totalling £114,293,
14745	2	ce subject to intense parasite-mediated natural selection. in addition, we will test whether mb  se the marked difference in mbc between house sparrow and spanish sparrow passer hispanoliensis
9872	4	who are about to schedule the site as a national monument. star carr was first discovered and e  eing highly mobile. however, there is a major problem: during recent excavations it has been di   months of 2010. such a lowering of the water table is predicted to have further disastrous con  lysis beyond this year. therefore, this research proposal aims to excavate areas of the timber
14661	5	y systems have typically focused on the selective pressures exerted on its mean, without taking  d inter-individual scales. furthermore, alternative hypothesis have rarely been considered, thu  us hindering a powerful analysis of the working hypothesis. in this project we aim at studying    in this project we aim at studying the selective pressures that could be driving fruit size ev  monogyna. in particular, well test four alternative hypotheses regarding exerted by the differe
2195	5	lop gis models of relationships between environmental factors, e.g. salinity, secchi depth, eff  nic disturbances • to predict short and long term changes in fucoids metapopulation structure a  lop gis models of relationships between environmental factors, e.g. salinity, secchi depth, eff  spatial scales including assessments of gene flow among populations living in different habitat  scientific syntheses and guidelines for management tools. • to compile literature review and ne
11592	7	itoring the structure of vegetation and seasonal changes in vegetation properties is important   processes such as forest growth and the carbon cycle. traditional direct measurements of import  ormation on multiple objects within the laser beam and of more detailed information on the natu  to build on this research by conducting field trials of the instrument to assess the potential    photographs and commercially available laser scanners. measurements will be repeated regularly  ess the sensitivity of lai estimates to seasonal changes in the forest canopy and examine the v  f multiple wavelength and full-waveform laser scanners on aerial and satellite platforms.
14609	3	chemical signals play an important role in intraspecifi                 chemical signals play an important role in intraspecific communication of many v  any contexts, the relationships between chemical signals to analyse whether the interpopulation
14685	2	with signalling potential. the present research project aims at answering several questions on  tablish the role of some of the steroid reproductive hormones in the development and expression
13753	2	ong the most important vectors of human infectious diseases. these insects locate and identify   ors will then be used in hek cell-based receptor expression platforms to deorphanize the recept
10263	27	in winter sea ice covers an area of up to 7% of the earth surface   is one of the largest biomes on earth. sea ice can be thought of as a thin blanket covering th  led by fluxes of heat and moisture. the life cycles of many marine organisms ranging from bacte  are influenced by large-scale cycles of sea ice formation. thus, sea ice is recognized as a fun  cale cycles of sea ice formation. thus, sea ice is recognized as a fundamental component of the  pparent in the last decade due to rapid global warming. the possible implications of a gradual   sible implications of a gradual loss of sea ice due to higher global temperatures are not fully  od yet but pictures of shrinking arctic sea ice in summer has become the focus of media and inc  media and increasing attention from the general public. focus of this grant application are mic   from the general public. focus of this grant application are microalgae that live inside the p  e that live inside the porous matrix of sea ice. most of them belong to the group of diatoms, w  oup of diatoms, which in general play a key role on earth because they are responsible for 25%   ponsible for 25% of primary fixation of carbon dioxide, which is as much as all tropical rain f  oxide, which is as much as all tropical rain forests combined. why especially diatoms dominate   mbined. why especially diatoms dominate sea ice algal communities is not fully understood yet b   ice-covered waters. in fact, the short food chain diatom-krill-whale is depend on ice algae be  ces of food in winter are lacking. this food chain might be severely influenced by a reduction   e severely influenced by a reduction of sea ice due to global warming. despite the significance  uenced by a reduction of sea ice due to global warming. despite the significance of polar sea i  ming. despite the significance of polar sea ice algae virtually nothing is know about their fun  r. this study will help to identify the short term acclimation of f. cylindrus to sea ice as it  ort term acclimation of f. cylindrus to sea ice as it forms every autumn. adaptation to sea ice  as it forms every autumn. adaptation to sea ice will be studied by comparative genome analysis   d polar sea water but doesn t thrive in sea ice. this comparison will not only shed light on sp  ic adaptation necessary for thriving in sea ice but also the predicted outcomes of global warmi   ice but also the predicted outcomes of global warming in polar oceans because ice free waters   predicted outcomes of global warming in polar oceans because ice free waters will more and more
7641	1	no disturbance of local ecosystems is a challenge today. an integrated approach, combining meta
14879	1	ivities within a context of sustainable regional development. in essence, this consists in defi
14880	1	ivities within a context of sustainable regional development. in essence, this consists in defi
14881	1	ivities within a context of sustainable regional development. in essence, this consists in defi
14882	1	ivities within a context of sustainable regional development. in essence, this consists in defi
13836	4	adaptation is a fundamental problem of evolutionary biology and plant breeding, but also of gr  functional and adaptive significance of genetic variation within and among natural plant popula  y the relative importance of selection, genetic drift and gene flow for the genetic structure o  ortance of selection, genetic drift and gene flow for the genetic structure of fragmented plant
1945	6	and belowground pests and pathogens are major problems for sustainable food production. global   gens are major problems for sustainable food production. global economic developments have resu  for sustainable food production. global economic developments have resulted in narrowed crop ro   developments have resulted in narrowed crop rotation schemes, enlarged field sizes, and simpli  ion. with plant research international, end users and stake holders, we evaluate the socio-econ  t research international, end users and stake holders, we evaluate the socio-economic feasibili
10377	1	utrient conditions, and possess a large genetic diversity comprising a number of distinct ecoty
14197	3	translocation, several bridges undergo structural changes. however, the functional roles of th  ound that several bridge mutants affect cell growth and translational accuracy. bridge b2a was   nslocation step at molecular level. our working hypothesis is that ribosomal bridges are functi
15474	2	with the highest adaptive value against climate change. such approach must be complemented with  here proposed to simulate the effect of climate warming on the development of the xylem to anal
2009	12	tropical rain forests are remarkably diverse in tree species. th  tion occurs when species have different life history traits, and exploit limiting resources in   erent ways. insight in the life-history trade-offs that drive species coexistence is far from c  , but pertinent to our understanding of rain forest functioning and diversity. this study focus  he two major environmental gradients in tropical forest; light and rainfall. hundred species fr  nfall. hundred species from dry and wet tropical forests will be screened for a large number of  tworks, species will be classified into functional groups, that respond in a similar way to the  grouping of trees is very important for tropical forest conservation, management, and climate c  al forest conservation, management, and climate change mitigation efforts. the classification o  f tree species into a limited number of functional groups allows to model forest communities, a  ies coexistence, niche differentiation, functional groups, life history trade offs, trait corre  che differentiation, functional groups, life history trade offs, trait correlation network
11329	9	diversity and predicting the impacts of climate change. in this application, we propose to inve  nction that has been invoked to explain significant changes in ecosystem structure in response   voked to explain significant changes in ecosystem structure in response to past episodes of cli  ructure in response to past episodes of climate change, the turnover of grass species compositi  ptation to temperature and drought, and evolutionary history may each play an equally important  ionary history may each play an equally important role in explaining large-scale biogeographica  ts with other plant traits, ecology and evolutionary history to influence plant growth. we will  nce plant growth. we will address these major issues by taking a comparative screening approach   in a number of areas, and represents a major step in the fusion of the fields of ecological an
14136	4	between horizontal growth of plants and functional groups of am fungi. 3.assess biomass product  a function of colonisation of different functional groups of am fungi. there is limited data on  ture of am fungal communities and their functional groups. the project intends to provide to fi  or fungal identification, cdna-aflp for gene expression profiling. the methodological implement
13939	4	dzol soils exhibit a range of different soil conditions. patterns of species diversity in relat  large diversity of these fungi in soil. field studies of the realised niche of different specie  o soil heterogeneity and mycelial size. experimental studies of the potential niche of differen  diversity for the ecosystem function of boreal forest.
7020	11	decades. human impacts on biodiversity take place against a background of highly complex ecolo  s ecosystems provide to humans, such as food production, the maintenance of water quality and s  orage, the mitigation of the effects of greenhouse gas emissions and the resistance to climate   mitigation of the effects of greenhouse gas emissions and the resistance to climate and other e   how ecological, evolutionary and socio-economic factors interact to determine biodiversity and  aims at elucidating the significance of microbial diversity on ecosystem functioning by explici  istry. despite considerable advances in biodiversity research during the past decade, which pri  lt with plants and animals, there is an urgent need to further develop the functional role of m  k involving cutting-edge expertise from molecular biology, environmental microbiology, genomics  ose experimental knowledge to the field research initiatives and will therefore achieve the cri  tiatives and will therefore achieve the critical mass to further develop and strengthen innovat
15251	5	global climate change is perhaps the most pervasive thr                                   global climate change is perhaps the most pervasive threat for  e conservation of current biodiversity. climate models make now available temperature projectio  ns for the next decades with relatively high resolution at different spatial and temporal scale  temperatures beyond that limits through evolutionary change in these traits. the aim of this pr
13738	6	processes. the fauna is classified into functional groups in relation to where they feed, their   and their feeding habit; altogether 25 functional groups. we hypothesise that biogeochemical p  hesise that biogeochemical processes in marine sediments, i.e. mineralisation and nitrification  re positively correlated with number of functional groups . in this experimental study we will   h number of functional groups . in this experimental study we will use both natural and treated  ents, and that this is related to fewer functional groups in the baltic sea.
418	2	actions between soil microorganisms and plant diversity. our purpose is to examine the link bet   purpose is to examine the link between plant diversity and microbial communities in fertilized
7135	6	one of the current issues of sustainable agriculture is to maintain the biodiversity  iversity in ecosystems anthropized. the research program aims to improve knowledge of grassland  and the functional relationship between plant diversity and soil microbial diversity in permane  onship between plant diversity and soil microbial diversity in permanent grassland undergoing v  ertilizers. thus, a characterization of plant diversity and microbial diversity will be in perm  characterization of plant diversity and microbial diversity will be in permanent grasslands und
14573	6	ication of the phenotypic plasticity of invasive species. the work plan of objective 1 includes  pic plasticity of invasive species. the work plan of objective 1 includes: the build up of a da  objective 1 includes: the build up of a data base on functional traits of plant species; the se  unctional traits predominant in altered plant communities. the work plan of objective 2 include  inant in altered plant communities. the work plan of objective 2 includes: collection of propag  d estimations of allometry and relative growth rate; calculation of phenotypic plasticity accou
10077	2	dissolved organic matter establish and apply a set of assays, in   , and in time. in analysing the data, a key issue will be to evaluate the practical consequence
1953	6	traits in the non-limiting sex of many animal species. it potentially also causes the evolutio  lection, alone, even without disruptive natural selection, can be sufficient to cause speciatio  ary approach we study the fuii chain at evolutionary processes, leading from choosy mates to th  al, close collaboration between several research groups is required. the proposed programme com  combines the section of animal ecologys ongoing research with that of the section behavioural b  vioural biology and with the section of animal behaviour of the university of groningen. the la
12034	3	processes of interest for sylviculture, soil conservation and ladscape management. main results  bility to mobilize phosphorus from soil organic matter under drought conditions. il also appear  mycorrhizal fungi to the degradation of forest litters have to date been underestimated.
11079	6	ding carbon cycling, and for predicting carbon cycle responses to global climate changes. recyc  or predicting carbon cycle responses to global climate changes. recycling of woody resources is  icting carbon cycle responses to global climate changes. recycling of woody resources is almost  n naturally colonized wood falls to the forest floor. we will simulate naturally fallen wood by  hem, by leaving colonized slices on the forest floor and collecting after different times, usin  onisers, by measuring co2 evolution and weight loss. thirdly, we will study how antagonistic in
10832	9	s and trees, endophytes can protect the host plant against vertebrate and invertebrate herbivor   are known to produce a wide variety of toxic chemicals when grown on agar in the laboratory. r  te-free or infected to see what effects fungal infection has on the growth and survival of a su   also use the most modern techniques of chemical analysis to detect and identify the toxic chem  cal analysis to detect and identify the toxic chemicals produced in infected plants and compare  uld lead to many novel forms of pest or weed control. if at least some of the chemicals in plan  ons for the use of endophytes as insect biological control agents. we could inoculate the fungi  s to use insects or pathogenic fungi as biological control agents of it have failed. we think t  o manipulate fungal occurrence, so that biological control agents stand a better chance of succ
10187	6	parasitic fungi when they attack scots pine needles that either contain, or do not contain end  tifies the species of fungus present in pine needles on the basis of its dna sequence. we are a  a single needle, see how they mate with one another and how far their spores travel within and   tions of pine. if endophytes do protect pine trees and other plants against parasites they coul  against parasites they could be used in biological control of plant disease.    could be used in biological control of plant disease.
12466	1	stomer purpose this project will inform policy making including on cfp reform and the sustainab
12337	1	, for use in the planning of the marine conservation zone network. key customer purpose: pressu
12684	1	•annual updates and climate change on butterfly populations
10253	5	mulation model predictions. in that way high resolution maps of key soil and vegetation variabl  egetation variables can be constructed. computer science tools, e.g. a so-called integrated dev  egrated development environment to help environmental scientist to set up and test the wusn, an  and test the wusn, and a web portal for quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and g  or quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and geospatial-analysis, parameter estimat
10254	5	mulation model predictions. in that way high resolution maps of key soil and vegetation variabl  egetation variables can be constructed. computer science tools, e.g. a so-called integrated dev  egrated development environment to help environmental scientist to set up and test the wusn, an  and test the wusn, and a web portal for quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and g  or quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and geospatial-analysis, parameter estimat
10754	5	mulation model predictions. in that way high resolution maps of key soil and vegetation variabl  egetation variables can be constructed. computer science tools, e.g. a so-called integrated dev  egrated development environment to help environmental scientist to set up and test the wusn, an  and test the wusn, and a web portal for quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and g  or quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and geospatial-analysis, parameter estimat
11529	5	mulation model predictions. in that way high resolution maps of key soil and vegetation variabl  egetation variables can be constructed. computer science tools, e.g. a so-called integrated dev  egrated development environment to help environmental scientist to set up and test the wusn, an  and test the wusn, and a web portal for quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and g  or quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and geospatial-analysis, parameter estimat
11533	5	mulation model predictions. in that way high resolution maps of key soil and vegetation variabl  egetation variables can be constructed. computer science tools, e.g. a so-called integrated dev  egrated development environment to help environmental scientist to set up and test the wusn, an  and test the wusn, and a web portal for quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and g  or quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and geospatial-analysis, parameter estimat
9994	5	mulation model predictions. in that way high resolution maps of key soil and vegetation variabl  egetation variables can be constructed. computer science tools, e.g. a so-called integrated dev  egrated development environment to help environmental scientist to set up and test the wusn, an  and test the wusn, and a web portal for quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and g  or quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and geospatial-analysis, parameter estimat
10651	3	et hedging, and can only be favoured by natural selection, if offspring with different reproduc  environment. this may guide tactics for pest control in a changing climate, and may even sugges  nd may even suggest optimal tactics for human resource use in the face of an unpredictable and
15248	4	o antisubmarine sonar activities during naval exercises has highly increased environmental, soc  y real impact of anthropogenic sound on marine environment and marine animal species conservati   sound on marine environment and marine animal species conservation . 4. a comparative molecula  thout tissular morphological changes in experimental animals and stranded cetaceans.
10101	2	eraction with the mhc in the simple and isolated system provided by the seychelles warbler. thi  s warbler. this system contains limited genetic variation and few parasites. thus making easier
13558	2	sweden, placed at the swedish museum of natural history is the main funding source of gbif swed  h museum of natural history is the main funding source of gbif sweden, and a new 5-years contra
6785	3	han males due to the longer ventricular action potential, compromised repolarization reserve, a  gs. densities and kinetic properties of ion channels, involved in ventricular repolarization, w  ontribute to dcvelopment of more gender-specific drug administration.
14700	3	phism is found in approximately 10 % of flowering plant species. where plants are dimorphic in   as been said that the ultimate cause of sexual dimorphism in dioecious plants is a difference i  ations and to investigate the extent of sexual dimorphism in ecological . variations in ecophys
9809	1	s and to show how allelic variation and gene regulation adapt the organisms to their environmen
15185	9	ene exchange among populations is a key evolutionary process with important implications for bi  ach to the study of the consequences of gene flow among forest tree populations on their local   ntifying long-distance among-population gene flow in real time. using these methods, we will ob  -distance among-population gene flow in real time. using these methods, we will obtain gene flo  me. using these methods, we will obtain gene flow rate estimates among several model tree popul  the consequences of different levels of gene flow, natural selection, genetic architecture, and  ences of different levels of gene flow, natural selection, genetic architecture, and demographi  adaptation. the combination of original statistical models to estimate long-distance gene flow   stical models to estimate long-distance gene flow with sequential field analyses using last-gen
15193	5	the distribution of genetic variation within species is a dynamic process,    have in the past and continue to shape genetic variation and also, how is affected by antropic  ntropic pressures remains a key goal of evolutionary biology, population ecology and conservart  n biology, among others. in the present research proposal, we designed a synthetic and integrat  e way, depend of mutualistic agents for gene flow within and among populations.
10506	5	oceanographic processes, bathymetry and life history variation on dispersal and gene flow in tw  life history variation on dispersal and gene flow in two antarctic fishes that differ in the di  and larvae and longevity. ocean general circulation models such as the ocean circulation and cl   general circulation models such as the ocean circulation and climate advanced model will be us  ironmental constraints on dispersal and gene flow.
9922	5	oceanographic processes, bathymetry and life history variation on dispersal and gene flow in tw  life history variation on dispersal and gene flow in two antarctic fishes that differ in the di  and larvae and longevity. ocean general circulation models such as the ocean circulation and cl   general circulation models such as the ocean circulation and climate advanced model will be us  ironmental constraints on dispersal and gene flow.
7437	2	tment of a lab technician for a year on travel expenses and remuneration of trainees for experi  neration of trainees for experiments on molecular biology consumables and valuation fees
11240	12	cting as predators on plankton and as a food source for a variety of animals including fish, se  it is likely that they are regulated by clock genes. the circadian clock is an inbuilt mechanis   they are regulated by clock genes. the circadian clock is an inbuilt mechanism by which the bo  hese cycles was originally described in fruit flies but has since been demonstrated in all anim  vestigated thus far. interestingly, the circadian clock maintains the same general design but w  of periodicity, such as inter-tidal and lunar cycles, although their molecular architecture is   lting cycles of krill are controlled by clock genes. this will involve a series of behavioural   olecular investigations to identify the clock genes associated with the daily and monthly rhyth  d with a reduction in the extent of the sea ice due to global warming. in view of the importanc  ion in the extent of the sea ice due to global warming. in view of the importance of the specie  ation levels so an understanding of the reproductive cycle is essential. in our work we will us  rces that we will make available to the scientific community. it is likely that other pelagic c
11497	11	cting as predators on plankton and as a food source for a variety of animals including fish, se  it is likely that they are regulated by clock genes. the circadian clock is an inbuilt mechanis   they are regulated by clock genes. the circadian clock is an inbuilt mechanism by which the bo  hese cycles was originally described in fruit flies but has since been demonstrated in all anim  of periodicity, such as inter-tidal and lunar cycles, although their molecular architecture is   lting cycles of krill are controlled by clock genes. this will involve a series of behavioural   lecular investigations, to identify the clock genes associated with the daily and monthly rhyth  d with a reduction in the extent of the sea ice due to global warming. in view of the importanc  ion in the extent of the sea ice due to global warming. in view of the importance of the specie  ation levels so an understanding of the reproductive cycle is essential. in our work we will us  rces that we will make available to the scientific community. it is likely that other pelagic c
6803	2	s. most of the genes being expressed in somatic cells will be excluded from the further studies  ded from the further studies by a novel automatic system. then, we will directly select for ger
2011	6	heritable phenotypic variation is the raw material of adaptive evolution, and understanding i  tion is a crucial issue in contemporary evolutionary biology. furthermore, since genetic and ph  mental characterization. however, while developmental biologists have identified genetic pathwa  iation in these traits influences their evolutionary change. bicyclus butterflies show much var  ation using modern genomic resources in gene mapping and expression-profiling, with a more clas  rigins of novelties and the patterns of evolutionary change.
9830	3	lerance of environmental variation is a major issue for all organisms and is one that is subjec  lection. however, with the exception of heat shock proteins, the underlying mechanisms of pheno  ental conveniences and critically whose genomic sequence will shortly be available. this will a
15305	9	as invasive species spread through a new environment they   conclusive evidence of selection. rapid convergent evolution in the signs of the correlation be  hat the seasonal climatic cycle induces seasonal changes in inversion frequencies that are cons  sting a directional response to current climate change. yet, the generality of seasonal changes   climate change. yet, the generality of seasonal changes in this species remains poorly studied   been employed to monitor the impact of climate change on the genetic constitution of populatio  . this is because in species with short generation times relative to season length the seasonal  c cycle can induce constantly recurring seasonal changes in climate-related traits superimposed   to study the genome-wide transposition rate increase and associated expression patterns of tes
14126	5	ollections of bovid materials may store genetic information that can provide otherwise unobtain  pplied before. our proposal expands the research themes of the project, lead by juha kantanen,   ct our common aim is to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of past indi  ferences about the historical spread of animal husbandry to estonia and finland as well as cult  ology of different animals, such as the body size or robustness as well as horn characteristics
14652	8	s a consequence of habitat destruction, water pollution, climatic change, and emerging infectio  ollution, climatic change, and emerging infectious diseases. on the other hand, the number of n  as been blamed to create instability in species lists which otherwise are necessary tools for t  selected groups of andean amphibians as case study, are to: 1 compare morphological investigate  n processes and phylogeography of these target groups. the expected results and benefits are: t  f other; the increase of collections of genetic material, specimens, and sound recordings at th  ons of genetic material, specimens, and sound recordings at the mncn and other institutions; th  hibians, which will be instrumental for conservation policies.
14541	3	opulations of three vegetal endemic and endangered species from the canary islands: myrica riva   characterize the genetic structure and gene flow of natural populations using molecular marker  of the natural populations of the three endangered species analysed.
15238	6	dent. it is a common phenomenon in wild bird populations, and is considered as the crucial stat   view of profound climatic changes many bird populations are experiencing, which are expected t  ntegrative approach, combining detailed field studies with experiments in captivity and molecul   experiments in captivity and molecular genetic analyses, that aims at testing the generality o  suring the effects of environmental and genetic variation on the propensity to migrate. using g   wild. we will use the results of these different approaches to model how migratory behaviour c
15025	7	uence becomes more evident. the current climate change proceeds inexorably and its negative inf  cise knowledge of the environmental and genetic factors controlling seasonal breeding is an ess  l to face and counteract those probable negative effects. the aim of this research project is t  bable negative effects. the aim of this research project is to identify the environmental and g  ct is to identify the environmental and genetic elements responsible for the seasonal changes o  nd genetic elements responsible for the seasonal changes occurring in the gonads of males and f  condition of moles which is the role of cell junctions during testicular quiescence.
11616	2	in plants, hybridization and changes in chromosome number allowing preferential expression of t  es to determine the mechanisms by which gene expression is altered in the hybrids, primarily st
7547	4	bacteria. they have, however, shown the key role occupied by these microorganisms in ecological   of ecosystems. the recent emergence of molecular biology methods has made it possible to know    ecology concepts and mechanisms in the genetic diversity of wild bacteria, and their links wit   project raises the question of whether environmental factors are capable of affecting the gene
11015	7	perform some sort of costly act to help one another, they run the risk of disruptive cheaters t  e behaviours. this is because, although evolutionary theory may suggest the best strategy, the   eory may suggest the best strategy, the genetic changes required may not be possible. for examp  e and cooperate to make a multicellular fruiting body consisting of hardy spores supported by d  operative behaviour to be analysed with great power. we have recently found that even within a   ar or genetic pathways by searching for mutant strains with altered social behaviour. finally,   arching for mutant strains with altered social behaviour. finally, we will use these data to ge
9991	7	perform some sort of costly act to help one another, they run the risk of disruptive cheaters t  e behaviours. this is because, although evolutionary theory may suggest the best strategy, the   eory may suggest the best strategy, the genetic changes required may not be possible. for examp  e and cooperate to make a multicellular fruiting body consisting of hardy spores supported by d  operative behaviour to be analysed with great power. we have recently found that even within a   ar or genetic pathways by searching for mutant strains with altered social behaviour. finally,   arching for mutant strains with altered social behaviour. finally, we will use these data to ge
2549	10	notypic traits, and its relationship to evolutionary change, is a major challenge for evolution  ionary change, is a major challenge for evolutionary biologists. variation in gene expression i  r evolutionary biologists. variation in gene expression is one of the most important factors ca  ariation. we will study the role of the y chromosome of drosophila melanogaster in regulation o  rosophila melanogaster in regulation of gene expression on the x chromosome and the autosomes.   in regulation of gene expression on the x chromosome and the autosomes. widespread regulatory e  s. widespread regulatory effects of the y chromosome was discovered in a study published in sci   laboratory at harvard university using y chromosomes from different populations in the same ge  kground and measuring the difference in gene expression. the discovery of y-linked regulatory v  ry variation repeats, the effect of the y chromosome in modulating pev, and the specificity of
6724	1	or these diseases. the aim is to find a gene mutation for screening of these patients.
10704	8	re is considerable interest amongst the general public and scientists in understanding how exag  in depth studies of variation in female sexual preferences. this in part reflects the difficult  ion in female mate preferences. without genetic variation female preference cannot evolve. we w  is will uncover the number of separable genetic factors underlying variation in preference. it   ce. it may be that there are one or two genetic factors with major effects or alternatively a m  rent preferences than females reared on poor quality resources. for example, in our previous wo  endent preferences using a quantitative genetic study. genetically related families will be rai  fferences between females, bringing out genetic variation in preference. so some female genotyp
11414	8	re is considerable interest amongst the general public and scientists in understanding how exag  in depth studies of variation in female sexual preferences. this in part reflects the difficult  ion in female mate preferences. without genetic variation female preference cannot evolve. we w  is will uncover the number of separable genetic factors underlying variation in preference. it   ce. it may be that there are one or two genetic factors with major effects or alternatively a m  rent preferences than females reared on poor quality resources. for example, in our previous wo  endent preferences using a quantitative genetic study. genetically related families will be rai  fferences between females, bringing out genetic variation in preference. so some female genotyp
10923	7	ician and silurian and rhizoids, roots, root hairs and mycorrhizae from the devonian onwards. t  errestrial ecosystem. both rhizoids and root hairs are required for the anchorage of plants to   bstrate and for the uptake of water and inorganic ions. we recently discovered that the rhd6-re  -related genes control the formation of root hairs in arabidopsis. we identified similar genes   ds which are functionally equivalent to root hairs. if this is true it suggests that the same r  control the development of rhizoids and root hairs and that this function has been conserved ov  evelopment in moss it suggests that the root hair development pathway recruited genes with a di
10131	2	icroevolution, changes due to mutation, genetic drift and natural selection within populations,  nges due to mutation, genetic drift and natural selection within populations, to macroevolution
11417	2	icroevolution, changes due to mutation, genetic drift and natural selection within populations,  nges due to mutation, genetic drift and natural selection within populations, to macroevolution
10892	1	uring the course of the summer, using a genetic marker that identifies them. the experiment inv
6828	4	ed to play a role in the development of genetic changes, the somaclonal variations, occurring i  clonal variations, occurring in sterile tissue cultures. the hormone components of medium and c  vitro instability by mean of systematic research work built upon broad experimental basis.   stematic research work built upon broad experimental basis.
14438	3	ability and assessment of exchanging of genetic material between different types of populations  ntially important genotypes for nut and timber production. nevertheless the importance and mult  d to assess current distribution range, genetic diversity and health status of these valuable p
7523	2	lopment. the identification of specific genetic markers species - electrophoresis - accompanied   nurseries and that of native plants. a first down on salicaceae demonstrates the value and pot
7525	1	opterygians. many species to generalize evolutionary processes responsible for their distributi
10930	4	d animals be there is little doubt that natural selection can produce animals with startlingly    processes is a fundamental problem for evolutionary biologists. we are carrying out a long-ter  e will carry out this work by utilising molecular biology techniques to determine where on the    work will also provide the fundamental first step in our long-term aim to understand behaviour
1097	3	, this can lead to consistent levels of gene flow between wild and cultivated forms. on one han  process can be exploited as a source of genetic diversity to be introgressed into selected vari  ion areas for the cultivated varieties. gene flow between populations and varieties occurs, and
10374	2	f habitat-tolerance qtls, assuming that generation time of the organism is short enough. salvia  s a likely candidate for such analysis. alternative hypotheses will be evaluated to test whethe
15297	2	tionary point of view because ferns and seed plants share a common ancestral lineage. their lif  share a common ancestral lineage. their life cycle is characterized by two alternate independen
10766	4	separation and adaptation to different ecological niches are the most common causes of speciat  f this species and scoring two types of genetic marker to reconstruct the evolutionary history   es of genetic marker to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this species, specifically the   n this species, and provide data on the genetic diversity within this species, which belongs to
7520	1	e onset mechanisms and dissemination of resistance genes
14219	4	supplementation of atlantic salmon populations with captive-bred fish is a common p  populations with captive-bred fish is a common practice in the baltic sea for both commercial a  pact of hatchery breeding programmes on genetic diversity and fitness of atlantic salmon popula  netic diversity and fitness of atlantic salmon populations in wild and captivity by combining p
14781	3	ecosystems. we aim to characterize the genetic diversity of a. franciscana in its introduced r  gion and to understand the relevance of genetic diversity and dispersal in the establishment an  l in the establishment and expansion of invasive species.
7166	1	temperate latitudes. Federated has four research teams of INRA, the IRD, the mnhn and Universit
220	10	species, populations within species and genetic diversity within species. the knowledge of gene  ersity within species. the knowledge of genetic diversity within populations and species, along  reeding system significantly influences genetic diversity within and between populations. gener  graphically restricted species had high genetic diversity and common species vice versa, are al  ons to exemplify causes and patterns of genetic variation in populations of different plant spe  s. the project envisages to investigate genetic diversity in different plant genera with differ  or better understanding the patterns of genetic diversity we compare species pairs that are lik  he project is to assess the patterns of genetic variation in populations of different plant spe  le species; ·to reveal the structure of genetic diversity in sexual vs. clonal species; ·to eva   species; ·to evaluate the structure of genetic diversity in widespread vs. narrow distributed
2126	11	genetic diversity drives evolution. processes which ero  drives evolution. processes which erode genetic variation, such as self-fertilization and sibli   which erode genetic variation, such as self-fertilization and sibling mating, are therefore ex  sses facilitate and maintain sufficient genetic diversity in such lineages how can closely inbr  ersity in such lineages how can closely inbred populations maintain genetic variability suffici  s in new species answers will address a central question of population genetics: how much genet  estion of population genetics: how much genetic variation within or between populations is adap   project seeks to elucidate patterns of genetic diversity, population subdivision and speciatio  speciation in nine different widespread bark beetle species that regularly inbreed by within-fa  t origin for inbreeding in at least two bark beetle clades strengthens this study further by re  nuclear dna allows direct comparison of genetic diversity between ecologically similar inbreedi
14914	5	the larger human african genetic diversity has been explained by the african ori  size. nevertheless, the exact amount of genetic diversity within africa is unknown because ther  is correlate linguistic, geographic and genetic diversity of these populations, compare them to  gatherer populations. the comparison of genetic markers of both population groups and their int  e comparison of genetic markers of both population groups and their internal diversity will all
10198	1	opose to provide answers to some fairly simple questions: 1 how diverse is the picocyanobacteri
6758	1	. the aim of the study is evaluation of genetic diversity of the central european populations,
7546	1	ood production in madagascar, the first energy source, requires the planting of eucalyptus. gol
14775	8	this research project aims to genetically characterize two a  wo a priori different but complementary evolutionary histories, which represent major events fo  mples will be collected in situ by this research group and taken from autochthonous individuals  hy history of the region. the extent of genetic variation within andalusia and its relationship  space will be analyzed. restrictions to gene flow include linguistic differences between popula  altar strait has been a corridor to the gene flow with different intensities in both directions  nships among linguistic differences and gene frequencies, in particular with berber populations  this research. the allelic structure of genetic diversity of andalusias will be related to the
7585	3	e molecular tools needed to analyze the genetic diversity of dog breeds by gene amplification a   the genetic diversity of dog breeds by gene amplification and sequencing of a hundred snps mar  de ​​available for better management of farming practices
11606	7	sity has been moulded by the quaternary ice ages. these repeated major oscillations in climate   cularly important as refugia during the ice ages, where species survived and from whence our pr   in species and genetic races. it has a fossil record through the ice ages, and genetic studies  ces. it has a fossil record through the ice ages, and genetic studies indicate that many specie  fossil record through the ice ages, and genetic studies indicate that many species colonized no  maximum in greece and the balkans, with genetic studies using dna sequence analysis of trees fr  xemplars of temperate species with good fossil records. informative chloroplast dna regions wil
13765	3	and anthropogenically induced temporal genetic changes in intensely managed species, and for i  affect levels of diversity. access to a tissue bank comprising over 20,000 individual samples c   during the 1980 annual hunt provides a unique opportunity for addressing issues concerning the
2111	5	a sustainable context is how to ensure environmental protection and at the same time achieve e  protection and at the same time achieve economic benefits. only through integration of differen   and ecological results gained from the experimental studies would be of importance also for re  ld be of importance also for regulatory risk assessment. the replacement of traditional fish fe  esent production systems of fish feed , wild fisheries and finally the market. the biological a
15462	7	he evolution of fitness and that of its genetic diversity in small subpopulations, as well as t  lowing objectives: - 1.- development of mathematical models providing reliable predictions of t  joint effect of continuous mutation and natural selection. - 2.- obtainment of empirical estima  the parameter determining the amount of natural selection induced by inbreeding , in order to e  rge upon the genetic variability, using computer simulation - 4.- exploration, using computer s  ter simulation - 4.- exploration, using computer simulation, of the consequences of the spatial  quences of the spatial variation of the selective pressure upon the genetic differentiation of
6904	6	systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder with mult       systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder with multiple organ involvement and  ations, which influence the function of immune system, are associated with disease susceptibili  with and without kidney involvement and antiphospholipid syndrome responding or not to therapeu  gment length polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction, 2./ to detect thousands of genes simult  netic pattern can be used in the future follow-up of these patients, or monitoring the efficacy
14653	7	genetic diversity in human groups is a basic demonstrat  rspectives nowadays, as a result of the human genome project, and with evident applications in   ives nowadays, as a result of the human genome project, and with evident applications in the hi   the historic reconstruction of current human populations and biomedicine, in order to understa  a, relative to the comprehension of the human genome variation, this project intends, as a main  r novel and important results about the evolutionary history of several regions of our genome.    that correspond to genes associated to cardiovascular risk, and check the specific role of the
15183	3	freshwater colonization by invasive species has huge ecologic and economic consequ   develop a diagnostic protocol based on real time pcr, which allows the identification and the   ng from different locations of the ebro river basin.
206	2	l be of great interest to international scientific community because revealing molecular mechan  is one of the most challenging tasks in evolutionary genetics and ecology research today.
15055	1	. 2 the change in the components of the genetic variance of traits determining the evolutionary
14870	4	populations of endangered species have to be often maintained in capti  sus sizes or the deterioration of their natural habitat. the present project will deal with dif  pulations using analytic techniques and computer simulations. in particular, the issues that wi  ations to allow the maximisation of the genetic diversity maintained, but controlling the level
14869	4	populations of endangered species have to be often maintained in capti  sus sizes or the deterioration of their natural habitat. the present project will deal with dif  pulations using analytic techniques and computer simulations. in particular, the issues that wi  ations to allow the maximisation of the genetic diversity maintained, but controlling the level
13973	1	tand the genetic basis and evolution of defense mechanisms in plant-virus interactions. we prop
10948	3	s. in this project, we aim to develop a statistical model for reconstructing abundance trends u  ance trends over time in two endangered bird species, with contrasting recent population histor  asting recent population histories. the statistical model should have wide application for reco
11539	4	although social groups most obviously exhibit cooperation, they   lso often the scene of conflict. unless group members are clones, their reproductive interests   oiting the cooperative efforts of other group members. cheating is therefore predicted to arise  nt genotypes, the project will test the evolutionary theory that there is not the necessary gen
13484	3	ly structured into genetically distinct local populations 2 does variation between populations   tense and selective fishing resulted in evolutionary changes we aim at answering these question  ulation structure will be studied using genetic markers. comparisons of contemporary and histor
14532	3	on of significant evolutionary units in brown trout will allow making inferences on the role of   allow making inferences on the role of natural selection and genetic drift as forces driving p  es on the role of natural selection and genetic drift as forces driving population differentiat
6806	2	on of the roles of pathologic and other genetic factors in the pathogenesis of hereditary angio   scale that may help the diagnostic and research efforts as well.
13525	3	is unknown, however, and intraspecific genetic variation is largely neglected in fisheries man  rch address the effects of fisheries on gene pool retention using cod and herring as model orga  g we will assess the amount of temporal genetic change in these species in swedish waters over
10838	4	the response of organisms to climate change may be limited by evolution at the range  ed c. 100 km since 1970, accompanied by genetic changes to use a wider range of host plants at   genetic changes to use a wider range of host plants at the northern range edge. this project wi  ion structure during rapid responses to climate change.
6743	2	genetic memory will be determined. the last analysis investigates the substrate dependence of   y contribute to effective protection of endangered species.
14553	1	eveloped by pcr using specific primers. genetic analysis of data will allow us the genetic char
13847	4	idually marked adults through out their entire life and, uniquely, also a large proportion of t  le to test a combination of genetic and environmental factors in evolutionary models of general  mics of population size, age structure, genetic variation, inbreeding, and dispersal will be st   relation to the biotic environment and climate change.
13871	14	genetic variation is a prerequisite for any populations  ulations are signified by low levels of genetic variation and are thus less able to adapt. in t  tation and isolation that tend to erode genetic variation in natural populations using toad pop  ions of three species. we want to study genetic variation in the unusual way of not only using   e unusual way of not only using neutral genetic markers but contrast such findings with data fr  selected loci and additive quantitative genetic variation. we propose several avenues to addres  eral avenues to address questions about genetic variation, small population size, inbreeding an   fragmentation and its role for loss of genetic variation in natural populations. such aspects   cts include isolation, population size, gene flow barriers other than distance, mating system a  n distance, mating system and divergent selective pressures. we want to understand under what c  , we want to understand what aspects of genetic variation are important for preserving biodiver  for preserving biodiversity. is neutral genetic variation a sufficient target in biodiversity r  enetic variation a sufficient target in biodiversity research or do genetic variation at loci d  t target in biodiversity research or do genetic variation at loci determining ecologically impo
6889	2	due to intensive human activities the populations of several species hav  rocesses resulted in a depletion of the genetic variation of the populations. as a consequence,
6779	4	sorders: 1. galactokinase deficiency 2. cystic fibrosis 3. congenital myastheninc syndrome 4. s  enzymatic diagnosis, specific molecular genetic analysis for mutations. analysis of incidence,   results have been published for popular genetic mutation analysis in cf and galactokinase defic  aking parent lines of hybrid we use our inbred lines and source lines of male sterile and resto
13580	4	there is an increased interest for commercial use of gm trees and many different types are  ild more probable. trees also have long life spans, dominate the landscape and define the struc  gm and un-modified poplars in short and long term field trials we will be able to determine if   modified poplars in short and long term field trials we will be able to determine if gm trees w
11137	4	erstanding the diversity of form in the natural world. species on islands provide a wonderful o  at an island form has had to evolve and natural selection favouring individuals and their offsp  d fiji. i will use information from the genetic code length to examine how much overlap there i  f the same species across its different island populations. the ecology of each form will likew
1995	5	darwin proposed in 1856 that natural selection seizes upon genetic variation which l  1856 that natural selection seizes upon genetic variation which leads to selective survival of   differences within and between species. artificial selection, quantitative trait loci analyses   n, quantitative trait loci analyses and gene expression profiling techniques will be used. this   is the basis of darwinian evolution by natural selection.
15255	2	ersion polymorphism started well before global warming became an issue of major concern, but th   of populations is responding to recent climate change. as numerous loci are located within dro
10380	3	begging. i will conduct experiments on inbred lines of the burying beetle nicrophorus vespillo  ffspring beg for food from the parents. inbred lines are ideal for studying the genetics of beh  o individuals from a range of different inbred lines. in this project, i focus on the following
14547	2	ing the long-term survival of plant and animal species worldwide. as species become restricted   through the world. the main aim of this research project is to investigate the genetic effects
2552	3	ols in combination with biochemical and molecular biology analyses to identify the molecular co  lyses using molecular methods. purified recombinant protein will be used for biochemical analys   effect on the global sulphur cycle and cloud formation in future scenarios.
10800	2	species boundaries in face of on-going gene flow between s. latifolia and s. dioica. we will u  ymorphism and divergence in the protein-coding regions will allow us to test modern theories of
11766	5	accharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent experimental model for biological and medical studies,   t experimental model for biological and medical studies, including environmental and functional  closely related yeast species provide a unique opportunity for an in-depth analysis of genetic   opportunity for an in-depth analysis of genetic redundancy, conservation of synteny and gene or   i plan to perform a detailed molecular genetic analysis on the aneuploid spores from the hybri
10880	3	192 inbred lines derived from a single natural population o  from a single natural population of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster will have their court  our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary genetics of natural populations.
15299	1	most of the human genetic diversity analyses have been interested in the
10097	1	ill enable us to determine the long and short term genetic consequences of polyploidy on plant
10844	2	over time can be studied by comparative chromosome painting. chromosome painting refers to visu  ied by comparative chromosome painting. chromosome painting refers to visualization of large ch
13730	4	id plants may be highly heterozygous, a crucial question is whether this heterozygosity remains  ther diversification and adaptation may take place. in the former case, polyploids may be regar  loids may be regarded as evolutionarily dead ends with little significance over time, whereas i  the project. the application covers lab running costs including development of nuclear microsat
10761	3	ortant components of the biology of the animal species infected. in some cases, they are essent  cognition and filarial diseases such as river blindness and elephantiasis could be treated with  e elements that will be driven along by natural selection, and revealing the details of this in
2501	4	h at exploring the causal links between growth rate, genome size and cell size and the evolutio  ted in the observation that meiosis and cell division often is negatively correlated with genom  n from dna to rna under p-deficiency. a crucial question is thus the evolutionary drivers for r  pling of rapid growth and cellular rrna copy numbers, meaning that high somatic n and p content
11486	1	anding the evolution and maintenance of genetic diversity. central to these efforts is to under
11396	6	terial from which it is derived. thus a unique opportunity is presented to analyse in detail th  necio integrated with qtl and candidate gene mapping. genome-wide surveys of dna polymorphism o  nome subject to positive directional or balancing selection. due to genetic hitch-hiking , neut  te will be the case for loci subject to balancing selection. after identifying parts of the gen  nes concerned are likely to have had an important role in ecological isolation and speciation i  involve considerable molecular work and computer simulation. the results will provide significa
10702	4	of adaptive evolution is essential for biological science. however, the challenges posed are i  s simple experimental populations where evolutionary processes can be observed in real time. us  olutionary processes can be observed in real time. using populations of the bacterium pseudomon  ng protocols and biochemical studies of signal transduction pathways. together, these technolog
10739	4	of adaptive evolution is essential for biological science. however, the challenges posed are i  s simple experimental populations where evolutionary processes can be observed in real time. us  olutionary processes can be observed in real time. using populations of the bacterium pseudomon  ng protocols and biochemical studies of signal transduction pathways. together, these technolog
10578	2	cryopreservation of germ cells makes major contributions to the effectivene  butes to the biobanking of samples from endangered species and to the reduction of the number o
2027	5	challenges. the genome is the complete genetic information of an organism, including all genes  ding dna. variation in genomes form the raw material that natural selection can act on. however  n in genomes form the raw material that natural selection can act on. however, the extent of ge  oited to find crucial information about evolutionary processes in nature. moreover, in the labo  quiring of parasitoid resistance during artificial selection. finally, i will use comparative g
11046	9	barriers to gene flow between divergent populations or species resu  s. most of our knowledge of the genomic make-up of such barriers to gene exchange stems from a    to address the genetics of barriers to gene flow in a tree genus with extensive natural hybrid  s of population genomics as utilized in evolutionary genetics and admixture mapping as utilized   traits. the proposed work represents a significant step forward in our long-term goal to under   proposed work represents a significant step forward in our long-term goal to understand the ge  of inter- and intraspecific barriers to gene flow and trait differences in populus. this topic   great relevance not only for ecological evolutionary genetics, but also for breeding activities  ssfully in situ to the expected rate of climate change.
11287	9	barriers to gene flow between divergent populations or species resu  s. most of our knowledge of the genomic make-up of such barriers to gene exchange stems from a    to address the genetics of barriers to gene flow in a tree genus with extensive natural hybrid  s of population genomics as utilized in evolutionary genetics and admixture mapping as utilized   traits. the proposed work represents a significant step forward in our long-term goal to under   proposed work represents a significant step forward in our long-term goal to understand the ge  of inter- and intraspecific barriers to gene flow and trait differences in populus. this topic   great relevance not only for ecological evolutionary genetics, but also for breeding activities  ssfully in situ to the expected rate of climate change.
11243	4	scientists are certain the global warming is occurring at an alarming rate, but we  roject plans to investigate this in two birch tree species growing in the uk. downy birch is co  y, this would have been impossible, but new technology lets us do this relatively easily and ch  as well as helping us to understand how global warming will affect rare species.
9820	13	a major goal of evolutionary genetics is to understand how genetic chan  lutionary genetics is to understand how genetic changes contribute to adaptive evolution. to ac  s under selection with knowledge of how natural selection acts on the genetic variation availab  ge of how natural selection acts on the genetic variation available. it has been a major challe  meaning that there are many genetic and environmental factors affecting phenotypic expression.   ection for earlier flowering time in an outbred population of arabidopsis thaliana that combine   arabidopsis thaliana that combines the genetic diversity of 19 accessions. this project will a  selection operates at the genome level. genetic factors identified in this study will represent  esent factors that are important in the evolutionary process, and their identity will be compar   of flowering time to predicting future evolutionary change, this project will also provide a v  valuable means for the discovery of new genetic factor that play an important role in mediating  very of new genetic factor that play an important role in mediating flowering time. selection e  e correlated responses to selection and trade-offs that could affect the outcome of the experim
10690	1	infecting p-limited cells. the complete genomic sequence of bacteriophage s-pm2 will be determi
11060	3	lies are an intriguing study object for evolutionary biology, because unrelated lineages have a   studies it is well known that a single genetic locus controls the expression of different morp  ually applicable to, for example, human disease genes showing advantageous variants in a popula
15478	1	this research project deals with the study of the bacterial
9869	13	natural selection is a geographically variable force, d   an important mechanism for maintaining genetic diversity within species, and is particularly c  o counter divergent selection, of which gene flow is the most significant, and demographic proc  nd demographic processes, as both shape genetic variation in natural populations. this project   g contribution to a developing field of biodiversity research. the application of genomic appro  to the science: the largest analysis of genomic data in natural pine populations, and deploymen  ive divergence in the context of recent evolutionary history. in addition, the information gene  duction quality, particularly under the climate change scenarios currently affecting adaptive o   genetic resources in the remnant scots pine forest fragments in scotland. ceh s strong links w  es responsible for management of the uk forest resource and experience in communicating scienti   in communicating scientific outputs to end users will facilitate effective delivery of results  nity to take immediate advantage of new genomic data, a ready-made collection and the skills of  ediate advantage of new genomic data, a ready-made collection and the skills of highly qualifie
11507	1	intain the diversity that we see in the natural world.
10890	4	ismic velocity, extending away from the hot spot towards the spreading centre. the anomaly is g  blished equations, to shed light on the physical processes that are operating between the axis   e of mantle-plume upwelling towards the spreading ridge would place important constraints on th  to account for the causes of widespread active volcanism in the galápagos archipelago. this wil
10286	4	ts living on peatlands have been fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it as de  ading to a runaway positive feedback on global climate. or will rapid climate change trigger a   edback on global climate. or will rapid climate change trigger a shift to peatland types that a  n store will fare in the face of future climate change.
10539	4	ts living on peatlands have been fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it as de  ading to a runaway positive feedback on global climate. or will rapid climate change trigger a   edback on global climate. or will rapid climate change trigger a shift to peatland types that a  n store will fare in the face of future climate change.
11043	4	ts living on peatlands have been fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it as de  ading to a runaway positive feedback on global climate. or will rapid climate change trigger a   edback on global climate. or will rapid climate change trigger a shift to peatland types that a  n store will fare in the face of future climate change.
10199	6	new developments in 2d measurement in sediments on a mi  des have revealed microniche structure. hot spots of microbial activity have been separately id  tivity simultaneously in freshwater and marine sediment. the high resolution capabilities of in   in freshwater and marine sediment. the high resolution capabilities of in situ voltammetry and  icular microbial species will provide a major step in understanding both microbial diversity an  vide a major step in understanding both microbial diversity and geochemical transformations.
10510	6	new developments in 2d measurement in sediments on a mi  des have revealed microniche structure. hot spots of microbial activity have been separately id  tivity simultaneously in freshwater and marine sediment. the high resolution capabilities of in   in freshwater and marine sediment. the high resolution capabilities of in situ voltammetry and  icular microbial species will provide a major step in understanding both microbial diversity an  vide a major step in understanding both microbial diversity and geochemical transformations.
14524	2	an land passerines, as well as for many local populations of birds breeding in the surrounding   studies will be used for evaluating the carrying capacity of the area for wintering birds, whic
14969	1	ll be used as indicators of response to climate change. response to climatic variation, mostly
14774	2	s will contribute to characterizing the microbial diversity of natural environments and are ess  tion strategies or for biotechnological research efforts such as those related to biomining or
10154	3	lifeforms and detailed records of past climate change. examination of these contents requires   res in-situ measurement, which can only take place once a lake has been characterised fully by   uired for meaningful direct sampling to take place. this proposal aims to undertake a comprehen
10423	4	ated in topographic hollows beneath the ice sheets of antarctica. they have attracted considera   lifeforms and detailed records of past climate change. examination of these contents requires   . this form of direct analysis can only take place once a lake has been characterised fully by   in years to come, as a hugely important first step towards the understanding of one of the grea
11773	4	ated in topographic hollows beneath the ice sheets of antarctica. they have attracted considera   lifeforms and detailed records of past climate change. examination of these contents requires   . this form of direct analysis can only take place once a lake has been characterised fully by   in years to come, as a hugely important first step towards the understanding of one of the grea
14916	4	in various ecosystems, most frequently marine ecosystems postulation of a global host/parasite  site epidemiological processes after an environmental disaster. this model might be applied in   isaster. this model might be applied in public health, particularly in the control of human par  h, particularly in the control of human parasitic diseases after disasters of various kinds.
10666	13	dense than seawater, so it rises to the sea surface. it glides up and down, communicating via m  t glides up and down, communicating via mobile phone with the scientists controlling it each ti  g it each time it comes to the surface. oil prices have risen sharply in recent years, and ship  uch as in winter or in strong winds and heavy seas. this project plans to show that these possi  n system works around antarctica. dense cold water sinks around the continent of antarctica whe  old wind blows over the water and helps sea ice to form. we ve known for nearly 100 years that   se of the recent collapse of the larsen ice shelf. our gliders will measure the amount of dense   amount of dense water spilling off the continental shelf. this is important because climate mo  nental shelf. this is important because climate models suggest that the amount and properties o  ing. this dense water spilling over the continental slope probably also affects where the ocean  ula, possibly spending the winter under sea ice. might the changes in ocean current affect whet  travel to south georgia, it may be that marine mammals and the krill fishing industry will be l  ing industry will be less vulnerable to climate change than we have feared. in which case, kril
10668	13	dense than seawater, so it rises to the sea surface. it glides up and down, communicating via m  t glides up and down, communicating via mobile phone with the scientists controlling it each ti  g it each time it comes to the surface. oil prices have risen sharply in recent years, and ship  uch as in winter or in strong winds and heavy seas. this project plans to show that these possi  n system works around antarctica. dense cold water sinks around the continent of antarctica whe  old wind blows over the water and helps sea ice to form. we ve known for nearly 100 years that   se of the recent collapse of the larsen ice shelf. our gliders will measure the amount of dense   amount of dense water spilling off the continental shelf. this is important because climate mo  nental shelf. this is important because climate models suggest that the amount and properties o  ing. this dense water spilling over the continental slope probably also affects where the ocean  ula, possibly spending the winter under sea ice. might the changes in ocean current affect whet  travel to south georgia, it may be that marine mammals and the krill fishing industry will be l  ing industry will be less vulnerable to climate change than we have feared. in which case, kril
10983	13	dense than seawater, so it rises to the sea surface. it glides up and down, communicating via m  t glides up and down, communicating via mobile phone with the scientists controlling it each ti  g it each time it comes to the surface. oil prices have risen sharply in recent years, and ship  uch as in winter or in strong winds and heavy seas. this project plans to show that these possi  n system works around antarctica. dense cold water sinks around the continent of antarctica whe  old wind blows over the water and helps sea ice to form. we ve known for nearly 100 years that   se of the recent collapse of the larsen ice shelf. our gliders will measure the amount of dense   amount of dense water spilling off the continental shelf. this is important because climate mo  nental shelf. this is important because climate models suggest that the amount and properties o  ing. this dense water spilling over the continental slope probably also affects where the ocean  ula, possibly spending the winter under sea ice. might the changes in ocean current affect whet  travel to south georgia, it may be that marine mammals and the krill fishing industry will be l  ing industry will be less vulnerable to climate change than we have feared. in which case, kril
11016	13	dense than seawater, so it rises to the sea surface. it glides up and down, communicating via m  t glides up and down, communicating via mobile phone with the scientists controlling it each ti  g it each time it comes to the surface. oil prices have risen sharply in recent years, and ship  uch as in winter or in strong winds and heavy seas. this project plans to show that these possi  n system works around antarctica. dense cold water sinks around the continent of antarctica whe  old wind blows over the water and helps sea ice to form. we ve known for nearly 100 years that   se of the recent collapse of the larsen ice shelf. our gliders will measure the amount of dense   amount of dense water spilling off the continental shelf. this is important because climate mo  nental shelf. this is important because climate models suggest that the amount and properties o  ing. this dense water spilling over the continental slope probably also affects where the ocean  ula, possibly spending the winter under sea ice. might the changes in ocean current affect whet  travel to south georgia, it may be that marine mammals and the krill fishing industry will be l  ing industry will be less vulnerable to climate change than we have feared. in which case, kril
12043	8	with direct or indirect impacts on the marine ecosystems in the southern ocean, the conservati  ork that considers water properties and circulatory systems. to sum-up, glides succeeded to per   properties and circulatory systems. to sum-up, glides succeeded to perform the first global st   threatened southern seabirds and their marine habitat, based on the tracking data analyses of   r marine habitat, based on the tracking data analyses of 357 individuals. this study revealed t  ion and dispersion patterns for several endangered species. glides had important scientific imp  lso significant effects with respect to conservation issues, such some new restrictions concern  in in the southern ocean, in the french economic zone, sustained by the french administration a
14369	7	objectives nowadays, food security and crop production variability become a major concern. mor  systems. a major gap exists between the remote sensing operationally used and the current scien   integrated approach providing area and crop production estimate by combining satellite remote   duction estimate by combining satellite remote sensing and crop modelling in a quantitative and  his is also the reason why a conceptual research effort will then attempt to develop more robus  o develop more robust indicators of the crop production. methodology the overall research strat  ype area based on optical and sar hires data processing over large areas and to better monitor
10644	6	undreds of millions of people depend on coral reefs for their livelihood and source of food. al  ause they assess the scope for managing climate change on reefs throughout the world. those reg  first demonstrations of targeting local resource management to address the problem of global cl  ce management to address the problem of global climate change. as such, we anticipate a broad i  gement to address the problem of global climate change. as such, we anticipate a broad impact u  e science of sustainable management and climate change.
10424	1	es unusual in terms of their ecology or life history do the same mechanisms determine hotspots
10665	1	es unusual in terms of their ecology or life history do the same mechanisms determine hotspots
10683	1	es unusual in terms of their ecology or life history do the same mechanisms determine hotspots
9899	1	es unusual in terms of their ecology or life history do the same mechanisms determine hotspots
10428	1	e used by the very broadest spectrum of end users. if our project is successful we shall have r
10759	1	e used by the very broadest spectrum of end users. if our project is successful we shall have r
11014	1	e used by the very broadest spectrum of end users. if our project is successful we shall have r
11041	7	ng in a catastrophic drop in animal and plant diversity. this crisis is known as the permian ma  ty. this crisis is known as the permian mass extinction event. while the factors underlying thi  and were responsible for carrying out a critical mass of diversity that allowed expansion of li  pansion of life at the beginning of the mesozoic era. this recovery was accompanied by a major   ed by a major remodelling of animal and plant communities, resulting in the dominance of certai  shment of modern-looking ecosystems and food chains. but just how dramatic was the end-permian   s in which data from the geological and fossil records can be amalgamated to offer a more preci
428	3	versity looks into interactions between human beings and their environment, in a changing ecolo  the relationship between global change, animal diversity and human societies in northern france  hich lasted several thousand years. the initial stage . however, over the medium neolithic peri
7144	5	ection with operating modes, practices, decision making and representations of past societies.   ern part of france were examined in the long term. a first axis of the program has sought to do  nvironmental fluctuations, for the late glacial period - old holocene. a data synthesis work wa  area. the data show that the effects of climate change are recorded in the various components o  us components of biodiversity but times response times are differentiated according to the comp
7212	3	fe group that soil plays a particularly important role in the functioning of soil. the study of  and. one particular study the effect of land use and climate change on the abundance, diversity  icular study the effect of land use and climate change on the abundance, diversity and function
452	2	ular study the effect of soil usage and climate changes on the abundance, the diversity and the  ts of this project could be of help for policy makers in terms of biodiversity preservation and
15416	2	er species and, ultimately, the reserve storage capacity of their roots, comparing evergreen vs  reen vs deciduous species and native vs invasive species.
2008	3	climate change at high latitudes is predicted to be gre  region on earth. whilst there have been major efforts in investigating the responses of vascula  ing the responses of vascular plants to climate change, very little is known about the response
417	8	biological diversity in tropical rain forests is essentially known through punctual repo   ecosystems that are most threatened by human activities are found in these tropical forests. m   by human activities are found in these tropical forests. moreover these changes could have imp  ithin tropical landscapes fragmented by human activities, and to the modification of interactio  andscapes. in order to study fragmented tropical forest landscapes, it is essential to develop   y was carried out in one of the world’s tropical forest landscapes where biodiversity is best k  here for almost half a century, and the research programmes conducted over the last twenty year   the link between spatial diversity and environmental factors, 2/ compilation of biological dat
7134	7	ainforests remains known primarily from one-off surveys. the analysis of available data suggest  . this is all the more regrettable that tropical forests have natural ecosystems among the most  ng the most threatened on the planet by human activities. furthermore, these changes are likely  ive approach to the study of fragmented tropical forest landscapes, taking into account the mec   this study was conducted in one of the tropical forest landscapes that biodiversity is best kn   have been conducted there for nearly a half century, and research programs in the last twenty   ed there for nearly a half century, and research programs in the last twenty years on seed disp
15171	3	impact on biodiversity. despite being a hot spot for diversity, it is still known very little o  at can be used by decision-makers. many conservation measures that are currently based on the m  the responses of various groups against environmental factors have not yet been integrated appr
15408	4	ve rather than additive. in particular, climate change and human-driven fragmentation are expec  th hampering migration routes following climate change and by modifying local selective pressur  g climate change and by modifying local selective pressures derived from both abiotic and bioti  rmation and experience available in the research group, which allows a realistic approach to a
14534	6	he absence of instrumental records. the research project is focused in forecasting and modellin  he antropogenic pollution, in which the research team has a borad experience: active and inheri  asts, as a way for dilucidate the local sea level changes, as well as stablish the relationship  rophic peats is also proposed, studying trace elements of lithogenic origin, being a good detec  volution of the vegetation, climate and land uses; and several isotopic tracers to identify the   intensity of the present pollution.the starting point supposes that the signals of those chang
9950	9	tropical forests are places with an amazingly rich dive  hy there are so many species of tree in tropical forests for a long time and we are still a lon  he how so many types of tree coexist in tropical forests requires us to understand what happens  utions in different parts of the amazon rain forest, in south america. despite the threats from  : it is the largest continuous block of tropical forest in the world and houses more than half   r the last few years as part of a large research team, studying the differences in the structur  time. one of the important findings our research group has made is the discovery that the rate   anges in the atmosphere, such as rising carbon dioxide concentrations , and the climatic change   why so many species can coexist in the tropical forests now, but also for predicting what migh
2459	6	clonal variation has been recorded for norway spruce in resistance towards h. annosum, but the   resistance towards h. annosum, but the defence mechanisms contributing to host resistance rema  ack will now be used, and homologues of norway spruce genes to defence genes up-regulated in po  oyed to screen the defence responses of norway spruce clones showing differential resistance to  nts and marker genes of host defence in norway spruce, knowledge that can be used in a breeding  eding program targeted to resistance of norway spruce toward heterobasidion.
10824	5	it is now established that catalytic cycles involving reactive halogen species suc  nd bro are responsible for tropospheric ozone depletion events in polar and coastal areas. rece  ore widespread: io has been detected in air masses with little or no coastal influence and rece  oastal influence and recent balloon and satellite data indicate a free tropospheric background   pporting measurements including aerosol surface area. with the data provided, we aim to estimat
11069	4	credible information on the impacts of climate change across the global domain; a global persp  ect assesses the global-scale impact of climate change using a range of linked impact modules a  impacts on water resources, flood risk, food production, biodiversity and human health and well  impacts occurring at different rates of climate change. the methodology and results of the proj
9930	2	ns between plants . plant and bacterial gene expression in stressed and unstressed ecosystems w  athways by which environment and global gene expression interact to affect fitness, and the ide
13802	8	bird populations are today affected by large-scale clim  tions are today affected by large-scale climate changes. in order to understand how birds respo  l changes adaptively. the photoperiodic great tit is a species that during the last 50-years ha  for the mechanisms by which the central nervous system perceives environmental signals, and tra  endocrine secretions that then regulate phenotypic changes. the aim with this project is to tes  suggesting that northern populations of great tits are less sensitive in their neuroendocrine,   e than southern populations are. in the long run this means that birds breeding at northern lat  and less optimal conditions the further global warming goes - unless birds rapidly adapt to the
15367	9	esent, earths ecosystems face up to two major problems that are the ever growing population of   lation of our planet and the increasing global warming produced by the greenhouse effect. this   creasing global warming produced by the greenhouse effect. this is an unprecedented situation i   that we could be going towards a sixth mass extinction. among all animals, vertebrates, above   te the only group of vertebrates with a fossil record suitable to undertake this study and sinc  ta that must be complemented with other data base. our aim is to understand in an accurate way   an communities turnovers caused by past global warming episodes of a comparable magnitude to cu  al changes reflect a unique response to global warming or if these changes fall inside what we   hanges fall inside what we could call a background noise in the context of the last 23 millions
13324	11	tes of environmental change with strong economic changes, whose collective effect may alter the  lective effect may alter the ability of mountain regions to provide critical goods and services  ronmental challenges facing the world's mountain regions in the 21st century, we will develop a  g the consequences of these changes for mountain regions as well as lowland areas dependent on   litating the development of sustainable resource management regimes for mountain regions. follo  ainable resource management regimes for mountain regions. following a kick-off meeting, the det  gimes for mountain regions. following a kick-off meeting, the details of the research strategy    science conference on global change in mountain regions. by gearing the research strategy towa  ous areas surrounded by lower-elevation buffer zones that are more strongly influenced by human  es that are more strongly influenced by human activities. european scientific participation, ca  iosphere reserves in both developed and developing countries. this will be achieved through the
13750	1	the network global observation research initiative in alpine environments are included
2075	4	the project will perform ecological and food web experiments with genetically modified organism  test organisms, horizontal and vertical gene transfer within the food chain, and basic ecologic  l and vertical gene transfer within the food chain, and basic ecological and life history compa  he food chain, and basic ecological and life history comparisons between control organisms and
11405	10	such as escherichia coli o157 how will climate change, shifts in land use and extreme events a  o157 how will climate change, shifts in land use and extreme events affect the spatial distribu  tions more vulnerable to pathogens than rural populations through lack of exposure what activit  sures be constructed to pre-empt future health risks from pathogens in the soil-water environme  ills base covering microbiology and the physical processes of pathogen interactions with soil a  ractions with soil and water; catchment risk assessment; water resource management; human healt  water; catchment risk assessment; water resource management; human health and epidemiology; and  h and epidemiology; and environmental / public health policy. this proposal will convene 5 them  riod involving a core interdisciplinary working group and additional invited expertise. the out  t least one proposal for a larger-scale interdisciplinary research consortium based on the outc
11584	10	such as escherichia coli o157 how will climate change, shifts in land use and extreme events a  o157 how will climate change, shifts in land use and extreme events affect the spatial distribu  tions more vulnerable to pathogens than rural populations through lack of exposure what activit  sures be constructed to pre-empt future health risks from pathogens in the soil-water environme  ills base covering microbiology and the physical processes of pathogen interactions with soil a  ractions with soil and water; catchment risk assessment; water resource management; human healt  water; catchment risk assessment; water resource management; human health and epidemiology; and  h and epidemiology; and environmental / public health policy. this proposal will convene 5 them  riod involving a core interdisciplinary working group and additional invited expertise. the out  t least one proposal for a larger-scale interdisciplinary research consortium based on the outc
14492	4	ms of action remain unclear. the use of animal models showing sex reversal is necessary in cure  ut this study must be complemented with quantitative analysis of the transcription levels of th  mmunohistochemical techniques to detect gene products in gonadal sections, in order to monitor   ay help to identify new genes in future research projects.
12367	1	hat the european commission sees as the key elements of good environmental status this project
13889	9	we are applying for a grant for a large international meeting; the 12th international conferenc  a large international meeting; the 12th international conference on harmful algae. the meeting   collaboration through the international scientific society on harmful algae, and will be held s  eshwater, and covering both applied and basic research. the conference will cover all aspects o  ces and mitigation of algal blooms. the international conference on harmful algae is held every  s the biggest and most important of the international meetings on this topic. we are expecting   rch results and ideas among scientists, environmental policy makers, industry, governments, and  d ideas among scientists, environmental policy makers, industry, governments, and local authori  licy makers, industry, governments, and local authorities. the conference will thus effectively
13410	1	servation and characterization of grape local population and varieties will be carried out.
13408	1	ction plot established in malatya fruit research institute. phenological, pomological and yield
12157	3	u over winter produced large amounts of grass seed and attracted large numbers of feeding bunti  izer. we propose a series of small-plot experimental studies to investigate the influence of cl  n in situ overwinter. the importance of grass seed in the winter diets of granivorous birds wil
14376	1	kruger national park investigating how these improved inputs,
10475	4	iques for rapidly monitoring them via a mobile phone network. an autonomous underwater vehicle   ent accurately. model development is an integral part of this project. the knowledge gained fro  d. the initial focus will be on a local-scale model of the great race and its surroundings. a s  etter-informed management of fisheries, renewable energy development and more.
7250	11	ural areas is still largely build. peri-urban areas of ile-de- france are strategic places of h  rway on biodiversity. the fight against climate change, the erosion of biodiversity process is   rritories teach that the inhabitants of urban areas not only give importance to landscape aspec   limited mostly to parks and gardens in city centers or large state forests. yet it seems very   ased it. * what management areas of the green belt in the overall goal of managing biodiversity  ars: the * agglomeration green frame; * green belt; * regional nature parks and with them, the   share their location, the spaces in the green belt are those who put the most closely related d  continuity between peripheral areas and city centers, so they are the biodiversity - key spaces  ld first be performed. it would be peri-urban areas, located in the green belt. * a spatial app  uld be peri-urban areas, located in the green belt. * a spatial approach using gis is expected   each territory. it would certainly be a good way to contribute to local ownership and implement
14773	3	annual raygrass are also evident under field conditions. - to determine whether allelopathic c  mpounds from lolium rigidum affect soil microbial populations, especially those functionally re  ially those functionally related to the nitrogen cycle.
6853	2	the green peas production mainly based in import varieties   climate. that is why need the hungarian green peas breeding.
7476	4	ions in rainfall pattern trends, due to global climate change, add to this already serious situ   rainfall pattern trends, due to global climate change, add to this already serious situation:   ater scarcity due to several factors as climate change, growing urbanisation of coasts, tourism  t the most effective solution for fresh-water supply since traditional technologies as water pi
12623	19	ey can contribute to attempts to offset climate change due to fossil fuel burning, steadily dra  ttempts to offset climate change due to fossil fuel burning, steadily drawing down co2 from the  o2 back to the atmosphere, exacerbating climate change. in addition, peatlands `leak` some of t  he rivers that drain them, as dissolved organic carbon , the amount of carbon released can incr  ecome unstable, for example through the gully erosion seen in areas such as the peak district.    into sediments in lakes, reservoirs or coastal waters, this relocation of carbon from one secu  r hand, it is actively processed in the river system, and decomposed to co2 or to the more powe  composed to co2 or to the more powerful greenhouse gas methane, this will contribute to global   se gas methane, this will contribute to global warming. by establishing how much of the total r  tal river carbon flux is converted into greenhouse gases, we hope to be able to complete our un  le to complete our understanding of the greenhouse gas balance of peatlands. we will then be be  hey can make a positive contribution to global climate by helping to lock up greenhouse gases.   to global climate by helping to lock up greenhouse gases. to determine the fate of the riverine  at a range of critical locations within river systems. these range from small headwater streams  uary. we will also consider the role of drinking water treatment works where this carbon is rem  will also consider the role of drinking water treatment works where this carbon is removed by a  oaches used will combine a programme of laboratory experiments designed to identify the process  ultimately emitted to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases, and to identify methods of managing t  entify methods of managing the land, or water supply systems, which could help to reduce these
11230	10	agricultural greenhouse gas emissions have been estimated at 20% of                   agricultural greenhouse gas emissions have been estimated at 20% of china s nat  evant economic frameworks for analysing cost-effectiveness and distributional impacts of mitiga  eds would require an inter-disciplinary research programme that improves the research and evide  al and economic issues. this consortium development project will target the five broad project   m of developing a coherent programme of follow-on research. since top-class chinese researchers  ry backgrounds in natural, economic and social sciences, and rich experience of research both i  . they have ongoing mous with the major research institutes in china, as well as long-term coll  n the chinese context. links with other developing country initiatives will be explored in read  ssons from the work in china with other developing countries.
14154	13	cipitation is expected to accompany the global climate change in several parts of the world inc  ion is expected to accompany the global climate change in several parts of the world including   world including in the northern europe. water vapor, acting as greenhouse gas and absorbing inf  northern europe. water vapor, acting as greenhouse gas and absorbing infrared radiation, can cr   acting as greenhouse gas and absorbing infrared radiation, can create an additional temperatur  l temperature rise. however, only a few scientific studies have been committed about the functi  pheric humidity conditions. the planned research project aims to study the physiological respon  cal responses of economically important deciduous trees . relative air humidity affects the wat  ees . relative air humidity affects the water vapor pressure difference between plant leaf inte  relative air humidity affects the water vapor pressure difference between plant leaf interior a  tmosphere. this difference is a primary driving force of transpiration. it is hypothesized that  s creating a basis for interpreting the study results. new basic knowledge as well as practical   practical implications for sustainable forest management will be acquired as the outcomes of t
7311	12	scientific objectives this research project will not only progress in the technica  ructure most suited to the study of the development strategies of sustainability conditions and  rmation on the status of the technical, environmental impacts and uncertainties. in other words   and in terms of natural cycles and the economic future. the work program is based on the numer  differences in flexibility schematizing short term and long term: - the short-term horizon is l  flexibility schematizing short term and long term: - the short-term horizon is less than or equ   sociological, etc.. and the process of economic growth that results. finally coupled modeling   ling of physical phenomena of concern - carbon cycle and climate - also agrees satisfactorily w   - also agrees satisfactorily with this time horizon. this distinction appears essential not to  ic balance of short-term. it may be the carbon cycle, the whole climate system, a technical mod  ransport infrastructure, or a change in land use module. coupled to each module defining the in   * produce a set of future scenarios of climate change; * fuel discussions within the energy mo
7141	2	ng the last 20 millennia in relation to global climate change. as part of this project, we set   last 20 millennia in relation to global climate change. as part of this project, we set out to
12707	3	ies, covering both the conventional and renewable energy sectors, with reference to issues conc  rs, with reference to issues concerning climate change and wetlands, linking as appropriate to   tives in these sectors and on issues of energy security in general.
11644	4	response to factors such as changes in global climate. phylogeography - the study of the evolu  in identifying centres of intraspecific genetic diversity on which conservation efforts should   ntraspecific genetic diversity on which conservation efforts should be focussed. however, phylo  into turkey, iran and the caucasus. the genetic diversity present in eastern populations .
12677	2	ncludes an indication of trends since a base line and which will enable updates to the england   hich will enable updates to the england biodiversity indicators and contribute to completion of
12670	1	the aims of the pilot study are to identify and test the most suitable
14753	3	seen an important rise in the study of adaptive radiation. most effort has been devoted to the  in phylogenetically-oriented studies of adaptive radiation has not been paralleled by a burst i  niche differentiation associated to the adaptive radiation. aquilegia variation, the present pr
1932	1	both on a local and regional scale. in joint effort with projects 3 and 5 a broad scale invent
11365	3	ecies interactions and the structure of food webs are scarce. a replicated, large-scale habitat  wales will be carried out. quantitative food webs will be constructed for bracken herbivores an  f fragmentation on community structure, food web statistics, and the process of community disas
9955	2	n environments that vary, with good and poor quality patches interspersed. most organisms also   se to better sites than those that have grown up in enlarged broods.
15262	5	oss and the so-called global change are climate change and habitat loss and transformation. the  n. there is a large consensus about the urgent need of predictive models to forecast the effect  conservatism could be investigated from different approaches, there is a consensus about the hi  olgy growing in the last years. in this research project, we aimed to describe the physiologica  he results of this research will be the first step to build a new generation of predictive mech
13602	4	with key stakeholders we will provide a knowledge base for designing restoration strategies at   ffer against multiple stressors such as land use conversion, invasive species and climate chang   stressors such as land use conversion, invasive species and climate change.   nd use conversion, invasive species and climate change.
2175	7	e is to test the hypotheses that former kelp forests that were grazed by sea urchins can be res  former kelp forests that were grazed by sea urchins can be restored by artificially re-introduc  itats. this may promote colonization of sea urchin predators that may reduce recruitment of sea  redators that may reduce recruitment of sea urchin populations and induce a system phase shift   induce a system phase shift back to the kelp forest state. the project will investigate if smal  l reefs may be used as tools to restore kelp forests. we will also study the importance of habi   combination of field manipulations and laboratory experiments will be performed, and regional
15139	3	us to take into consideration that most invasive species are not in equilibrium with the enviro  habitat invasion. we will alos generate distribution maps of invasive species for current condi  will alos generate distribution maps of invasive species for current conditions but also for fu
15084	9	carrying capacity determines the potential abundance th  s of populations. however, there are no carrying capacity models for brown trout salmo trutta i  ere are no carrying capacity models for brown trout salmo trutta in iberian rivers. for that re  the present project is to determine the carrying capacity of freshwater systems from physical h  physical habitat. on the other hand, an experimental study will be performed to build a territo  ould permit to determine the effects of body size, food abundance, density of competitors and h   ne measures the relative importance of genetic drift and inbreeding and the rate at which the   nd inbreeding and the rate at which the genetic diversity is expected to be lost at each genera  ies. finally, a comparative analysis of carrying capacity data, estimated densities and effecti
6869	2	anagement techniques on an evolutionary time scale, we model adaptation to the abiotic environm  rmation. the subject of this project is basic research, but we wish to outlook for applications
10483	15	built in aberdeen; one equipped with a video camera and a second with a high resolution digita  with a video camera and a second with a high resolution digital stills camera. they will be lau  he surface these ocean areas have clear blue water with low productivity and there is likely to   little natural fall-out of food to the sea floor in the form of detritus and dead carcasses up  ependent. baits will be deployed on the sea floor in view of the lander cameras to mimic natura  eae thought to occur down to 8370m. the deep sea is divided into three main depth zones, bathya  hadal depths greater than 6000m. on the sea floor sharks are mainly limited to depths less than  sea mounts and on mid-ocean ridges. the abyssal zone accounts for 75% of ocean area and is popu  ety of life including active scavenging bony fishes such as grenadiers, cusk-eels, snail fishes  venging bony fishes such as grenadiers, cusk-eels, snail fishes and abyssal eels which have bee  ich have been filmed consuming fish and marine mammal carcasses at depths down to 5900m. it is    likely: firstly with increasing depth, food supply from the surface becomes sparser and a poin  there is insufficient energy to support active forms of life. secondly pressure increases with   sh thrive down to 6000m with a constant cut-off at the start of the hadal region this would sug  roposed fundamental laws of life in the deep sea can be tested.
12379	1	he colour of the water have been called red tides'. blooms of some 300 species of the phytoplan
13598	2	of this project i will investigate the gene flow among populations along the swedish west coas  rsal models and geographic and seasonal hot spots for algal blooms will be identified.
12388	1	this will significantly assist maritime contingency planning and response in relation to breedi
10162	2	xamples of evolution occurring over the time scales of a few generations illustrate that biolog  environment that may be changing due to global warming. it will also give us some indication ab
2152	3	n the industry. estimated growth in the fish farming industry is supposed to cause a permanent   ars, and of marine proteins on a longer time scale. at present traditional marine biological re  populations will also form an important knowledge base to the development of ecosystem-based ma
2528	3	n the industry. estimated growth in the fish farming industry is supposed to cause a permanent   ars, and of marine proteins on a longer time scale. at present traditional marine biological re  populations will also form an important knowledge base to the development of ecosystem-based ma
2115	5	s but will also be strongly affected by structural changes in the age- and sex-composition beca  egies that minimize the risk of loss of genetic variation. furthermore, a potential unfortunate  eeded because previous studies of moose population dynamics have shown that regulation of moose   dynamics have shown that regulation of moose numbers through hunting requires that local moose   managers rapidly obtain information on population fluctuations and are able to convert this kn
13378	1	vation and characterization of hazelnut local population and varieties will be carried out.
12397	1	sea mammal research unit contribution to the hbdseg feeder report
14377	4	heathland and peat bogs are highly valued as habitats for biodiversit  t catastrophic wildfires of 2011 in the nature reserves in the kalmthoutse heide have raised a    kalmthoutse heide have raised a lot of public concern regarding the vulnerability of these uni  all objective of this project is to use remote sensing as a tool to spatially and temporally in
14679	1	in the tinto, through physiological and genetic analysis that permit us to identify the princip
12179	1	, and recent legislation in a number of follow-up knowledge transfer initiatives.
14777	2	inthfauna of wildlife vertebrates . the research team involved in the present project initiated  f host-parasite models as indicators of heavy metal environmental contamination are the main sp
10027	5	concept of measuring the number of red blood cells in people as an indicator of our health. th   of our health. the chemical that makes blood cells red is heme. hemes are used by nearly all l  heme in marine microbes. i will conduct laboratory investigations into the effect of iron, nitr  ovel method to assess the health of the microbial populations in this region. i will also inves  i will investigate the fate of hemes on cell death and decay.
7217	3	knowledge transfer needs and tools for decision makers and users. however, seagrass meadows ar  se islands, while their major role as a source material for neighboring systems, source of biod   products are also advanced in terms of basic research, the transfer of updated inventories to
9808	4	addresses the question of how additive genetic variance for sperm traits is maintained despite  y of condition and other traits in male zebra finches, and assessed their effect on reproductiv  n-dependent and if condition shows high genetic variance, the maintenance of genetic variance i  gh genetic variance, the maintenance of genetic variance in sperm traits maybe explained.
7434	2	heritage and functional biodiversity of freshwater fish and provide innovative solutions for ma  a management support tool to answer the difficult question: where and what priority action and
13325	8	n biodiversity, geology, sedimentology, physical oceanography, microbiology and biogeochemistry   open slopes, where landslides and deep-ocean circulation affect ecosystem development, and bio  e through escape of fluids, presence of gas hydrates and deep-water currents. these important s  uids, presence of gas hydrates and deep-water currents. these important systems require urgent   ntribution to reach the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas. hermes will enable forecasting of biodi  ehensive pan-european margin geographic information system. this will provide a framework for i  ence, environmental modelling and socio-economic indicators in ecosystem management. the result  s integrated governance policy enabling risk assessment, management, conservation and rehabilit
13340	4	hermione project is designed to make a major advance in our knowledge of the functioning of de  biological capacity in the context of a wide range of highly vulnerable deep-sea habitats. gain  se ecosystems are now being affected by climate change and impacted by man through fishing, res   integrate socio-economic research with natural science. the study sites include the arctic, no
14730	1	ining regions they might establish some strategic alliances. among the most concrete objectives
2125	2	f mineral-bound nutrients. the proposed research project will be the first to assess the extent  or the search for life elsewhere in the solar system.
11168	13	climate change has been described as one of the most pr  to mankind by sir david king, the chief scientific advisor to the government and its impacts ar   are to be seen both in terrestrial and marine environments. oceanic water circulation controls  nic water circulation controls regional climate change in north west europe and also affects ma  e in north west europe and also affects marine ecosystems, fisheries and climatic susceptibilit  attempts to model the impacts of future climate change on marine ecosystems and associated fish  the impacts of future climate change on marine ecosystems and associated fisheries are to succe  g how climatic variability has impacted marine ecosystems during the last ~10000 years, the hol  chronologically ordered, shallow-water, marine carbonate deposits spanning most of the holocene  ons in determining how predicted future climate change is likely to impact marine ecosystems an  ture climate change is likely to impact marine ecosystems and humans who are the end users of c  arine ecosystems and humans who are the end users of comercially targeted ecosystems. additionl   north atlantic to help refine european climate predictions for the next 100 years. thus the hi
13798	3	cuses on the applicability of very high-spatial resolution satellite data as a tool in basic ec  ability of very high-spatial resolution satellite data as a tool in basic ecological research a   on the preservation of fragmented semi-natural habitats which combinations of satellite-genera
10270	3	relevance scientific value upland peatlands offer vital ecosystem  reational value, to economic value from grouse shooting and grazing. due to historic and curren  hool s well-established research skills training programme
10898	6	we know in general terms that in the uk salt marshes occur between  we know in general terms that in the uk salt marshes occur between the elevation that correspon  owever, on the complex coastlines where salt marshes occur the elevation that a high water reac  r year and the occurrence of particular salt marsh species and communities. the uncertainties i  . the uncertainties in where particular salt marsh communities and species occur are at the upp   range in predicted rise in global mean sea level over the next century . we will then determin
13341	3	ources, focused on values, livelihoods, conservation issues and wise-use options at five sites   ces and biodiversity will be developed. action plans will then be formulated with stakeholders   ement priorities throughout the region. action plans will be implemented by stakeholders at fou
7481	3	ources, focused on values, livelihoods, conservation issues and wise-use options at five sites   ces and biodiversity will be developed. action plans will then be formulated with stakeholders   ement priorities throughout the region. action plans will be implemented by stakeholders at fou
15195	6	lacks a historical reconstruction. the satellite image bank of the gis and remote sensing lab   the satellite image bank of the gis and remote sensing lab of the doñana biological station is   c data of landsat images to reconstruct flood levels, turbidity, depth and aquatic vegetation c  iques to analyze the temporal series of satellite images and to generate models of surface floo  ticularly to recent plant invaders, the water fern azolla filiculoides and the denseflower cord  p a wetlands monitoring system based on remote sensing techniques for the doñana marshes, that
15529	1	cal studies from sedimentary records in peat bogs and archaeological sites from the western med
15004	1	of the trophic line that influences the biological control of aphids and psyllids that can beco
11640	14	ly-studied field sites, have provided a clear picture of how loss of genetic diversity, and inc  provided a clear picture of how loss of genetic diversity, and increased inbreeding at the dna   al way forward is to examine changes in genetic diversity contained within dna across time, and  t two centuries, are an ideal source of genetic material. museums today contain many extinct sp  ic material. museums today contain many extinct species of hawaiian honeycreepers, a group of f  waiian honeycreepers, a group of forest bird species famous for their diversity of plumage and   r this type of study because comparable genetic material can also be extracted from ancient cer  g us to compare changes in the level of genetic diversity across 230 years, for extinct and liv  rs as ornaments. by measuring levels of genetic diversity in museum skins of this species known  and inbreeding, during in which loss of genetic diversity could have contributed to the decline   to identify patterns between levels of genetic diversity and extinction. the projects findings   provide a novel perspective for the us federal government in hawaii, who currently invests con  rable funds into restoring those forest bird species that are most endangered. this project wil  o conservation science, and recovery of endangered species.
14747	4	lacks a historical reconstruction. the satellite image bank of the gis and remote sensing lab   the satellite image bank of the gis and remote sensing lab of the doñana biological station det  ing a hyperspectral sensor at different spatial resolutions. the final aim of this project is t  op a wetland monitoring system based on remote sensing techniques for the doñana marshes, that
2135	17	he high arctic are characterized by low water temperature, long-term ice cover, low levels of n  es may be of great importance to arctic freshwater fish by influencing gonad development and in  encing gonad development and individual growth rate - two life history parameters strongly affe  opment and individual growth rate - two life history parameters strongly affecting production a  strength. by using fish otolith-derived water temperature inferences based on otolith thermomet  ionships between climatic variation and life history parameters may be reconstructed. the circu  nting an ideal model for studies on how environmental factors affect life history traits in arc  ies on how environmental factors affect life history traits in arctic freshwater fish communiti  rs affect life history traits in arctic freshwater fish communities. increased temperatures and  es in precipitation, as consequences of global warming, are predicted to affect both terrestria  tic communities over large areas of the northern hemisphere. increases in temperature and preci  tation are predicted as consequences of global warming, and increases in winter precipitation w  ve the potential to affect arctic lakes freeze-up dates, insulation, ice thickness, water tempe  ze-up dates, insulation, ice thickness, water temperature, break-up dates, all of which profoun  tion, ice thickness, water temperature, break-up dates, all of which profoundly would affect th  mine the effect of these factors on the life history of svalbard arctic charr using cutting-edg  redicting the consequences of different climate change scenarios on freshwater ecosystem in the
10778	3	hat corals approaches to quantify coral growth rates and styles of coral skeletal deposition in  at low isles during the 1928-1929 great barrier reef expedition. this extensive and well-catalo  hodologies will allow us to examine the skeletal structures of these corals using non-destructi
15215	4	in the canaries, however, the period of human activity is significantly shorter spanning the la  f carrying out an analysis of the plant fossil record, spanning the whole holocene, is complica  er lagoons in the city of la laguna the research group was able to obtain a fossil pollen recor  nges that may be enhanced by the coming climate change. the baseline of ecosystems in gran cana
10130	11	climate that will be affected by future global warming, such as ice sheet volume ocean circulat  ected by future global warming, such as ice sheet volume ocean circulation, may be translated i  lobal warming, such as ice sheet volume ocean circulation, may be translated into phenomena of   c importance, including the atmospheric water balance soil moisture availability. although we a  lationships between oceanic terrestrial climate change, to enable future soil conditions water   strial climate change, to enable future soil conditions water resources to be predicted using c  s water resources to be predicted using computer models. plan of work this project will investi  was highly sensitive to past changes in ice sheet mass balance ocean circulation. the selected    past changes in ice sheet mass balance ocean circulation. the selected sites are all raised af  l raised after the disappearance of the ice sheet, 6800 years ago, the climate of the study are  ly influenced by cyclical variations in sea ice extent, ocean currents deepwater formation nort
10416	11	climate that will be affected by future global warming, such as ice sheet volume ocean circulat  ected by future global warming, such as ice sheet volume ocean circulation, may be translated i  lobal warming, such as ice sheet volume ocean circulation, may be translated into phenomena of   c importance, including the atmospheric water balance soil moisture availability. although we a  lationships between oceanic terrestrial climate change, to enable future soil conditions water   strial climate change, to enable future soil conditions water resources to be predicted using c  s water resources to be predicted using computer models. plan of work this project will investi  was highly sensitive to past changes in ice sheet mass balance ocean circulation. the selected    past changes in ice sheet mass balance ocean circulation. the selected sites are all raised af  l raised after the disappearance of the ice sheet, 6800 years ago, the climate of the study are  ly influenced by cyclical variations in sea ice extent, ocean currents deepwater formation nort
11698	11	climate that will be affected by future global warming, such as ice sheet volume ocean circulat  ected by future global warming, such as ice sheet volume ocean circulation, may be translated i  lobal warming, such as ice sheet volume ocean circulation, may be translated into phenomena of   c importance, including the atmospheric water balance soil moisture availability. although we a  lationships between oceanic terrestrial climate change, to enable future soil conditions water   strial climate change, to enable future soil conditions water resources to be predicted using c  s water resources to be predicted using computer models. plan of work this project will investi  was highly sensitive to past changes in ice sheet mass balance ocean circulation. the selected    past changes in ice sheet mass balance ocean circulation. the selected sites are all raised af  l raised after the disappearance of the ice sheet, 6800 years ago, the climate of the study are  ly influenced by cyclical variations in sea ice extent, ocean currents deepwater formation nort
9889	11	climate that will be affected by future global warming, such as ice sheet volume ocean circulat  ected by future global warming, such as ice sheet volume ocean circulation, may be translated i  lobal warming, such as ice sheet volume ocean circulation, may be translated into phenomena of   c importance, including the atmospheric water balance soil moisture availability. although we a  lationships between oceanic terrestrial climate change, to enable future soil conditions water   strial climate change, to enable future soil conditions water resources to be predicted using c  s water resources to be predicted using computer models. plan of work this project will investi  was highly sensitive to past changes in ice sheet mass balance ocean circulation. the selected    past changes in ice sheet mass balance ocean circulation. the selected sites are all raised af  l raised after the disappearance of the ice sheet, 6800 years ago, the climate of the study are  ly influenced by cyclical variations in sea ice extent, ocean currents deepwater formation nort
11333	5	practices into the context of long-term ecosystem dynamics to improve our understanding of how   m this perspective, the yorkshire dales national park. sites elsewhere in northern england will   well organised, providing an excellent support network and framework for assessment of progres  ssment of progress through the research support group system. the hi will provide the student w  s including high-quality laboratory and office space, world-class analytical facilities, a dedi
14531	5	nellis eagle hieraaetus fasciatus is an endangered species that is declining in all europe. the  ctive is to obtain data about the adult home ranges, their foraging and habitat selection, and   determine the quality and occupation of home ranges and its modelling. to analize this factors   rs researchers will use the demographic data base of bonellis eagle of barcelona university.fin  ion will be included in the territorial information system of the free spaces net of the barcel
10231	5	o not simply copy the movements seen in modern humans but are able to generate their own unique  iomechanical analysis techniques on our human subjects and for our non-human subjects we intend  s on our human subjects and for our non-human subjects we intend to use a combination of radar   ntend to use a combination of radar and thermal imaging to measure heart and breath rate. these  for use with endangered animals such as great apes.
9802	5	o not simply copy the movements seen in modern humans but are able to generate their own unique  iomechanical analysis techniques on our human subjects and for our non-human subjects we intend  s on our human subjects and for our non-human subjects we intend to use a combination of radar   ntend to use a combination of radar and thermal imaging to measure heart and breath rate. these  for use with endangered animals such as great apes.
14763	5	the last nine years, fragments from the hypervariable region i amplification with neandertal sp  has a length of 1,143 bp, to generate a phylogenetic tree with ximpanze and modern human sequen  e a phylogenetic tree with ximpanze and modern human sequences that could be statistically more  lts of this study can generate holistic evolutionary hypothesis on the neandertals that can be    other sources of evidence, such as the fossil record, the paleoclimatic reconstruction o the a
10924	2	itional environments, and environmental/climate change, has been largely unrealised. however, t  t can be usefully applied as markers of climate change.
11781	5	n favour of the former. the traditional conceptual model sees oxidative stress as having damagi  ions faced by animals in both early and adult life. in particular, i will test the long-term ef  een suggested to have hormetic effects: physical activity and heat stress. in a first experimen  whether individuals subjected to a mild physical activity when juveniles will later in life hav  als that were subjected to more intense physical activity or to no training. in a second experi
15013	2	vectors, modifying key aspects of their life cycles , we intend to obtain conclusions applicabl  y ecological system, i.e. parasites and environmental factors.
10703	4	inated soils. we will exploit the short generation times, and large population sizes of bacteri  tion. we will discover and contrast the genetic changes that occur in the genomes of both the b  l communities and are likely to play an important role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosyste  m function, particularly in response to heavy metal contamination of soils. - our study is powe
11428	4	inated soils. we will exploit the short generation times, and large population sizes of bacteri  tion. we will discover and contrast the genetic changes that occur in the genomes of both the b  l communities and are likely to play an important role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosyste  m function, particularly in response to heavy metal contamination of soils. - our study is powe
10018	12	there the proposed project will study a long term population of great tits and blue tits at wyt  ct will study a long term population of great tits and blue tits at wytham woods, near oxford.    long term population of great tits and blue tits at wytham woods, near oxford. avian malaria i  mosquitoes, and infects 30% of breeding blue tits at wytham. our large nestbox population means  we can sample around 500 adults of both blue tits and great tits over a useful geographical sca  around 500 adults of both blue tits and great tits over a useful geographical scale to examine   tion of avian malaria infection. recent statistical models to predict the distribution and spre  singly good fit to the patterns seen in real life epidemics, such as the 2001 foot and mouth ep  outh epidemic. interestingly, the avian malaria parasites in our study population fall into two  measurements of habitat variation using satellite imagery and microclimate using miniature data  ectives: 1. to understand the causes of individual variation in infection with avian malaria. t  ntal ecology of avian malaria in a wild bird population, while increasing our wider understandi
10290	12	there the proposed project will study a long term population of great tits and blue tits at wyt  ct will study a long term population of great tits and blue tits at wytham woods, near oxford.    long term population of great tits and blue tits at wytham woods, near oxford. avian malaria i  mosquitoes, and infects 30% of breeding blue tits at wytham. our large nestbox population means  we can sample around 500 adults of both blue tits and great tits over a useful geographical sca  around 500 adults of both blue tits and great tits over a useful geographical scale to examine   tion of avian malaria infection. recent statistical models to predict the distribution and spre  singly good fit to the patterns seen in real life epidemics, such as the 2001 foot and mouth ep  outh epidemic. interestingly, the avian malaria parasites in our study population fall into two  measurements of habitat variation using satellite imagery and microclimate using miniature data  ectives: 1. to understand the causes of individual variation in infection with avian malaria. t  ntal ecology of avian malaria in a wild bird population, while increasing our wider understandi
15178	2	through the links between behavior and life history. differences in host behavior may have con  us and parasite transmission, using the house sparrow passer domesticus and its vector-transmit
9874	9	shallow water coral reefs are among the most important centres of mar  ral and anthropogenic stressors such as global warming, ocean acidification, rising pollution,   tion might result in a dramatic loss of coral reefs within this century. the future of coral re  eefs within this century. the future of coral reefs is strongly dependent on strategies that en  dictive capacity of currently available remote sensing techniques is limited by the fact that p  nsider the above mentioned multitude of stress factors that act together to increase susceptibi  erature stress as an eminent threat for coral reefs. moreover, examination of the effect of thi  over, examination of the effect of this stress factor on the tissue content of host pigments is  p-like proteins was already observed in short term experiments. our results will greatly facili
14182	2	entification. of microbes, fungi play a key role in decomposition interactions involving resour   project provides further insights into forest management and biodiversity conservation plannin
11588	2	parasites either by reducing the host s immune response or by directly inhibiting the infection  eaf-cutting ants infected by a virulent fungal pathogen and/or an avirulent bacterial parasite.
13760	2	the ability of the european spruce bark beetle, ips typographus, to kill mature norway spr  beetle, ips typographus, to kill mature norway spruce of trees, their expression of defense gen
196	5	ficity and parasitic interactions. as a first step in initiating such studies, we will examine,  xamine, in an evolutionary context, the host range and specificity in species whose hosts belon  ill be used to reconstruct the relevant phylogenetic trees. besides the evolutionary ecology co  russula in estonia. although playing an important role in forest ecosystems, this group has not  . although playing an important role in forest ecosystems, this group has not been regionally r
13490	4	assumed that viruses have a very narrow host range however a growing number of observations are  g that aquatic viruses consist of broad host range viruses. this project will investigate the o  will investigate the occurence of broad host range cyanophages in subtropical lakes by using st  ctly to lake water samples. besides the fundamental research interest on host specificity of cy
14704	4	s geographic ranges, and the effects of climate change on species distributions are important f  ave already changed in conjunction with climate warming, but the mechanisms determining the lim  ensity and variability independently of host plant density, specifically by determining rates o  the future responses of biodiversity to climate change both generally and in threatened montane
13845	11	servation biology. first, the amount of genetic variation within a population decreases as popu  ses. second, the loss of alleles due to genetic drift is increased in small populations. to und  sed in small populations. to understand evolutionary processes taking place in small population  n fitness-related traits, 3 the role of natural selection vs. genetic drift. in the present pro  ts, 3 the role of natural selection vs. genetic drift. in the present project, we will investig  to 1 measure the amount of quantitative genetic variation in larval life history traits within   uantitative genetic variation in larval life history traits within and between subpopulations.   ulations. 2 determine the importance of natural selection vs. genetic drift and compare these r  the importance of natural selection vs. genetic drift and compare these results to those obtain  m with another ranid species with large genetic variation. 3 measure the past evolutionary resp  d significantly to our understanding of evolutionary processes taking place in small population
11381	2	ions, and lifespans of intercontinental land bridges over the past 65 mya. however divergence t   at which the bering and north atlantic land bridges were severed, and which taxa might have us
13922	3	tats. competition is thought to play an important role in structuring ant assemblages, however   ve natural processes and assemblages in boreal forest ecosystems.   ral processes and assemblages in boreal forest ecosystems.
11132	2	e relationship between leaf herbivores, plant roots and beneficial microorganisms in the rhizos  al soils, there is the possibility of a direct transfer process of semiochemicals between plant
10063	2	the experiments are conducted using an experimental model animal: a soil mite. this has a fast  el animal: a soil mite. this has a fast generation time and a small size, allowing experiments
11076	2	the experiments are conducted using an experimental model animal: a soil mite. this has a fast  el animal: a soil mite. this has a fast generation time and a small size, allowing experiments
9876	2	the flow resistance and thus influence water conveyance and therefore potentially increase flo  d sediment transport rates; and iii the biological activity within the fluvial system. on a sma
12255	24	set-aside is an eu scheme introduced in 1992 in which f  e eu. land can be managed as rotational set-aside, in which different areas are set-aside each   set-aside, in which different areas are set-aside each year, or permanent set-aside, in which t  s are set-aside each year, or permanent set-aside, in which there is a commitment to maintain l  ere is a commitment to maintain land in set-aside for at least 5 years. large amounts of land h   amounts of land have been converted to set-aside, which in the mid 1990s amounted to 500 000 h   was equivalent to 11 % of all eligible arable land. set-aside has the benefits of potentially   nt to 11 % of all eligible arable land. set-aside has the benefits of potentially reducing soil  as the benefits of potentially reducing soil erosion and halting or reversing declines in farml   associated with conventional intensive agricultural production. many studies have been conduct   conducted to investigate the impact of set-aside on above-ground biodiversity. however, limite  mpact of change from arable cropping to set-aside on soil organic matter and soil microbial bio  om arable cropping to set-aside on soil organic matter and soil microbial biodiversity. soil or  r and soil microbial biodiversity. soil organic matter as they are an important group involved   provements to som and soil biodiversity take place following change to set-aside, and the rate   iversity take place following change to set-aside, and the rate of loss of any enhanced level o  nhanced level of som or biodiversity in set-aside, following reversion to cropping. this will h  duce loss of som following reversion to set-aside, and will allow predictions of losses of co2   atmosphere to be made following loss of set-aside. the data could also allow the effect of loss   could also allow the effect of loss of set-aside other ecosystem services mediated by soil to   n som and microbial communities between set-aside and arable cropping will be elucidated. using   cropping will be elucidated. using the experimental data, projections will be made for likely    to the amount and composition of total microbial populations and arbuscular fungi following co  rbuscular fungi following conversion of set-aside to cropping, on different soil types and regi
10820	1	ains one of the greatest challenges for evolutionary biology. studies of sex allocation offer e
10965	6	mmunity structure and resilience of the microbial populations mediating these processes. this p  and simultaneously to assess changes in microbial diversity using analysis of 13c in phospholip  y using analysis of 13c in phospholipid fatty acids and stable isotope probing, combined with e   18s rrna genes and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. integration of the different appro  gel electrophoresis. integration of the different approaches for analysis of ecosystem function   for analysis of ecosystem function and microbial diversity will determine whether rhizosphere
13797	4	for the distribution of animals in the marine environment but the knowledge is still limited o  . copepods are key organisms in pelagic food webs, constituting a crucial link between primary   n copepods as food. previous studies in coastal ecosystems showed that salinity is important fo  nd badly needed. in the present project laboratory experiments will be conducted with four of t
10911	6	tes use light for energy but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source and conseque  cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source and consequently use organic molecules fr  sole carbon source and consequently use organic molecules from the environment to satisfy their  otoheterotrophic mechanisms the role of solar radiation in the metabolism of bacterioplankton i  h the ones in the southern gyre and the equatorial region, using light-enhanced amino acid upta  equatorial region, using light-enhanced amino acid uptake in order to ascertain the significanc
10980	6	tes use light for energy but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source and conseque  cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source and consequently use organic molecules fr  sole carbon source and consequently use organic molecules from the environment to satisfy their  otoheterotrophic mechanisms the role of solar radiation in the metabolism of bacterioplankton i  h the ones in the southern gyre and the equatorial region, using light-enhanced amino acid upta  equatorial region, using light-enhanced amino acid uptake in order to ascertain the significanc
11401	8	hanges, such as habitat destruction and global warming. in order to maintain natural ecosystems  oil around, and eating large amounts of dead leaves, wood and even soil. ants also move soil ar  tion events, but by looking for termite genetic material in the guts of ants. we already have c  s and termites from soil cores taken in rain forest in gabon. the different species of ant pres  individuals. for certain parts of their genetic material, each termite species has its own uniq   species has its own unique sequence of base pairs. consequently we can tell not only that a pa  ta will allow us to construct a partial food web for the different species of ants and termites  rocesses such as habitat conversion and climate change on the structure of natural ecosystems.
10970	3	now well established, certain honeybee viral pathogens are almost ubiquitous and, worryingly,   es. this will provide insights into the population dynamics and evolutionary consequences of th  on between the honeybee-varroa mite and viral pathogens, it will also shed light onto the wider
15450	4	many shorebirds , and how such trade-off is affected by thermal conditions. for this,   ies. also, we will study whether such a trade-off may be affected by females condition. this is  s is expected because the expression of heat shock proteins is increased when cells are exposed  stress, as for females there would be a trade-off in the allocation of protoporphyrin between e
2102	1	produced and all the translations that take place in this process that institutionalizes both
7721	4	e essential components of a sustainable food production. resistance genes prove an effective wa  nents of a sustainable food production. resistance genes prove an effective way of controlling    of plants and can significantly reduce pesticide use, meeting the regulatory requirements and   antly reduce pesticide use, meeting the regulatory requirements and expectations of farmers and
10488	12	continents towards the end of the last ice age were followed by extinctions on different islan  s human colonists reached more and more isolated systems. island extinctions during history and  shows relatively recent survival of now-extinct species. these records have often been used at   . these records have often been used at face value to calculate the total number of extinctions  e total number of extinctions caused by human activity throughout history and prehistory, to as   are likely in the future. however, the fossil record does not represent an objective source of   and is it actually possible to use the fossil record to reconstruct the faunas and ecosystems   out the area. i intend to determine the ecological niches occupied by known extinct west indian   preservation biases in the west indian fossil record can then be examined by assessing whether  xtinction would have had on west indian ecosystem structure. this improved understanding of the  roved understanding of the region s pre-human ecology can then suggest appropriate methods of r  such as haiti. finally, the west indian fossil record will be compared with what is known about
10520	9	extinction of species is underway, and climate change is affecting species range and phenology  em services in unpredictable ways. with climate change and continued habitat alteration entaile  ontinued habitat alteration entailed in human population growth, novel ecosystems will become e  ed habitat alteration entailed in human population growth, novel ecosystems will become even mo  al year of biodiversity, scientists and policy makers must recognise that humans, biodiversity,   research about habc, so scientists and policy makers lack mandates, conceptual frameworks, kno  nd feedbacks. indeed, a significant new research effort is required to encourage decision maker  esearch effort is required to encourage decision makers to consider biodiversity, climate chang  cision makers to consider biodiversity, climate change and human livelihoods together .
11528	9	extinction of species is underway, and climate change is affecting species range and phenology  em services in unpredictable ways. with climate change and continued habitat alteration entaile  ontinued habitat alteration entailed in human population growth, novel ecosystems will become e  ed habitat alteration entailed in human population growth, novel ecosystems will become even mo  al year of biodiversity, scientists and policy makers must recognise that humans, biodiversity,   research about habc, so scientists and policy makers lack mandates, conceptual frameworks, kno  nd feedbacks. indeed, a significant new research effort is required to encourage decision maker  esearch effort is required to encourage decision makers to consider biodiversity, climate chang  cision makers to consider biodiversity, climate change and human livelihoods together .
9951	8	extinction of species is underway, and climate change is af-fecting species range and phenolog  em services in unpredictable ways. with climate change and continued habitat alteration entaile  ontinued habitat alteration entailed in human population growth, novel ecosystems will become e  ed habitat alteration entailed in human population growth, novel ecosystems will become even mo  al year of biodiversity, scientists and policy makers must recognise that humans, biodiversity,   research about habc, so scientists and policy makers lack mandates, conceptual frameworks, kno  -search effort is required to encourage decision makers to consider biodiversity, climate chang  cision makers to consider biodiversity, climate change and human livelihoods together .
13796	8	proposed project i create an impact and risk assessment on several spatial scales with respect   th respect to human infrastructure e.g. road networks, buildings, and power lines in sweden usi  ture e.g. road networks, buildings, and power lines in sweden using moose as a case study. impo   power lines in sweden using moose as a case study. important is the broader spatial context to  s the effects of both environmental and human factors on moose behavior in different environmen   behavior in different environments. my working hypothesis is that i expect moose to show avoid  n space and time. moose is an excellent case study, because it is a geographical wide-spread sp  will develop a general model concerning risk assessment using a multi-year data set of moose gp
11081	3	introduction coral reefs are regarded as the most species rich ecosy  o survey megafaunal invertebrates. dead coral heads will be collected, as well as collections o  ortance in monitoring and management of coral reefs. the project will contribute new informatio
15060	4	y loss. the great bustard is a globally endangered species that has recently suffered dramatic   total, the species last stronghold, but conservation measures are urgently needed to maintain g  easures are urgently needed to maintain genetic diversity, counteract isolation, and prevent th  two decades on individual behaviour and population dynamics indicate ways to minimize human imp
10464	1	ct, or subsequently admixed, indigenous human populations will be used to study the evolution a
15301	9	human microevolution. nevertheless, its genetic diversity it is not enough well-known. this res  rsity it is not enough well-known. this research group has collected in situ a wide sample from   major haplogroups of the mtdna and the y chromosome. the observed y-chromosomal haplogroups wi  by the straits of gibraltar in terms of gene flow between the two borders. the phylogeography o  g known with enough certainty, and that genetic information is widely considered as the most re  ld have left its stamp in the andalusia gene pool, will show the relative importance and origin  nary periods in the frame of the recent human evolution, and the permeability of geographic and   cultural corridors and barriers to the gene flow. besides, the study of the distribution of su  on in spain. the knowledge of the human genetic diversity in andalusia will be valuable for the
11376	2	tegrate the scientific understanding of human remains with archaeological questions. it strongl  n in the identification and analysis of human remains, their metric and non-metric morphologica
13342	11	ns made by individuals and groups about natural resource management. in this project we will us  by individuals and groups about natural resource management. in this project we will use huntin  odiversity. hunting provides a valuable case study in the use of biodiversity because it involv  ople globally, it is conducted across a wide range of land tenure and use systems, and it is an  of revenue and protein, particularly in developing countries. hunting is embedded in social str  oping countries. hunting is embedded in social structures and cultural patterns and has a key r  uctures and cultural patterns and has a key role in conflicts over natural resource management   ns and has a key role in conflicts over natural resource management around the world. our multi  as a key role in conflicts over natural resource management around the world. our multidiscipli  p novel approaches to the mitigation of natural resource conflicts involving hunting. finally,   approaches to the mitigation of natural resource conflicts involving hunting. finally, our resu
2130	4	of hybrids between atlantic salmon and brown trout have recently been detected in rivers vefsn  nt context for both atlantic salmon and brown trout. on top of this ecological effect, high num  e the likelihood of rare events such as back-crosses to one or other parental species and intro  ackcrosses in both rivers, and detailed genetic analyses are needed to investigate whether dipl
15463	3	against the view of evolutionary trees with branches that never reconnect,   highly differentiated lineages plays an important role in the origin of novelty and adaptive ra  rtant role in the origin of novelty and adaptive radiation in sexually reproducing organisms su
2092	4	also found in our study populations of great tits parus major and blue tits p. caeruleus, beca  pulations of great tits parus major and blue tits p. caeruleus, because most heterospecific pai  eterospecific pairings are between male great tit and female blue tit. we suggest a new hypothe  s are between male great tit and female blue tit. we suggest a new hypothesis to account for su
170	1	esser spotted eagles are two threatened bird species, which are able to form mixed species bree
7639	2	in polluted environments and in water treatment processes, the hydrophobic micro have t  e accessibility of these substances and microbial diversity by creating hydrodynamic disturbanc
10441	1	etry and ultrasonic velocity profilers. animal behaviour will be monitored by digital videograp
7658	3	temporal variability of contamination, invasive species now widely present in temperate aquati   metropolitan territory: reflections of urban development in ile de france network of r2ds. sis  ssessment of chemical contamination and biological response of the ecosystem adapted to high an
11271	1	s can produce enough hydrogen to feed a microbial population.
10100	4	samples to detect, systematically, for hydrothermal plumes along the knipovich ridge: 74-78 de  ng along this remote and extremely slow-spreading ridge is important to our understanding of hy  ocean crust along the earth s many slow-spreading ridges and to the evolution and biogeography   ntary investigations of other classical hydrothermal plume tracers: optical back-scattering .
10217	13	ime to obtain a vital piece in a global jigsaw puzzle of deep-sea life, advancing our understan  piece in a global jigsaw puzzle of deep-sea life, advancing our understanding of patterns of bi  dges examined so far, we expect to find hydrothermal vents on the mcr: hot springs that support   to find hydrothermal vents on the mcr: hot springs that support rich communities of deep-sea l  s that support rich communities of deep-sea life. investigations of hydrothermal vents over pas  ies of deep-sea life. investigations of hydrothermal vents over past 30 years have found hundre  ast 30 years have found hundreds of new animal species and shown that vents are more common tha   mid-atlantic vents. the mcr presents a unique opportunity to determine the factors responsible   of the eastern pacific, constituting a missing link between the two oceans. alternatively, the  s, we also expect a variety of types of hydrothermal vent on the mcr. these include high-temper  m mcr depth are expected to have record high temperatures and unusual geochemistry, as a result  uch vents have a high potential for new animal species and novel microbes adapted to them. we t  ng established techniques to locate all hydrothermal vents along its ~110 km length. this will
10907	13	ime to obtain a vital piece in a global jigsaw puzzle of deep-sea life, advancing our understan  piece in a global jigsaw puzzle of deep-sea life, advancing our understanding of patterns of bi  dges examined so far, we expect to find hydrothermal vents on the mcr: hot springs that support   to find hydrothermal vents on the mcr: hot springs that support rich communities of deep-sea l  s that support rich communities of deep-sea life. investigations of hydrothermal vents over pas  ies of deep-sea life. investigations of hydrothermal vents over past 30 years have found hundre  ast 30 years have found hundreds of new animal species and shown that vents are more common tha   mid-atlantic vents. the mcr presents a unique opportunity to determine the factors responsible   of the eastern pacific, constituting a missing link between the two oceans. alternatively, the  s, we also expect a variety of types of hydrothermal vent on the mcr. these include high-temper  m mcr depth are expected to have record high temperatures and unusual geochemistry, as a result  uch vents have a high potential for new animal species and novel microbes adapted to them. we t  ng established techniques to locate all hydrothermal vents along its ~110 km length. this will
11875	5	of seafloor spreading that generate new oceanic crust at the submarine mid-atlantic ridge. this   is one of the fundamental processes of plate tectonics, and has shaped the planet that we live   on. yet because we cannot use standard remote sensing techniques using electromagnetic radiati  tandard remote sensing techniques using electromagnetic radiation to study the seafloor, in man  l data - what are the minimum values of fault zone thickness and permeability that allow this t
7047	3	pal fungal components in soil playing a key role for soil health. many species of hypocrea/tric  s sources of industrial enzymes, and as biological control agents of plant pathogenic fungi, bu  gered by increasing drought periods and forest fires. only two studies on soil inhabiting trich
10489	1	heic zone , large industrial companies, consulting companies, non-governmental organisations, a
15188	3	orders dicranales is also proposed. an integral part of the project is the phylogenetic revisi  d on parsimony, bayesian inference, and maximum likelihood for reconstructing phylogenetic rela  n of distributional ranges, and revised phylogenetic reconstructions.
14993	1	pycnogonids related to fauna iberica ix research project. the basis of this project are not onl
15414	1	on keys, iconography and data about the natural history, geographical distribution and species
15415	1	stion will be included in the iberfauna data base.
14994	1	peninsula, so it will be the scientific reference work of the group fro the country. many speci
15411	1	since 1989, the fauna iberica research programme, through its diverse types of invest
14570	2	in the early research projects related with the study of the licheni  aria on the seaboard and staurothele of fresh water. redaction of taxa will be in agreement wit
14984	2	ribution of each taxa, and to carry out distribution maps in the studied area. 5. to publish al   area. 5. to publish all the results in scientific journals, and to include a general key of ea
14986	1	ribution of each taxa, and to carry out distribution maps in the studied area. + the results wi
10885	4	the earth today has major ice caps on antarctica and greenland, but this was not   e case. the planned research focuses on climate change during a time period known as the oligoc  ill provide the data to test and refine climate models and may provide information useful for p  te response of abrupt warming, from the ice sheets to the tropics.
1985	5	idophyceae that presently inhabit dutch coastal waters. raphidophytes have a dishonorable reput  use it benefits from the p-reduction in waste water discharge giving elevated n/p ratios that f  h and winter survival will benefit from climate change related increases in mean sea water temp  te change related increases in mean sea water temperature, as measured in the dutch wadden sea.  onica related fish mortalities in dutch coastal waters. there is presently much debate on the b
15402	5	the limited capacity of prediction for the residual levels   ere. new in this approach is the use of molecular analysis of microbial communities to detect,   munities to detect, obtain, and monitor microbial populations with efficient degradative capabi  levels of contaminants than demanded by current legislation. the transfer of technology to end   islation. the transfer of technology to end users is raised through the participation of a comp
15480	5	on the biodiversity as a result of the climate change, between other factors, and considering   ns of its species, the establishment of phylogenetic relations to clarify its taxonomy, or simp  isolates will be deposited in different culture collections and their sequences and nucleotide   cleotide alignments deposited in public data base available for the rest of scientific communit  lic data base available for the rest of scientific community for future studies.
7218	4	nable development of Madagascar and the Indian Ocean region. their preservation is essential. t  tened by natural phenomena, but also by human activities. these findings raise / raise question  t the urgency and the need for adequate management methods for coastal areas: quen is it of the  areas: quen is it of the possibility of setting up an integrated management of coastal Madagasc
458	4	ngered by natural phenomena but also by human activities. these facts generate/raise questions   the urgency and the necessity to set up management methods appropriate to coastline areas: what  oastlines, and which are the methods of follow-up / evaluation that it would be relevant to est  ales on which considerable interactions take place between biodiversity components, social orga
14439	1	represent some of the most destructive agricultural pests. holoparasitic plants from broomrape
15433	2	mmals, including human and domestic and endangered species, depends on gonad development, which   expression regulation, the presence of binding sites in the mrnas of their target genes, the e
12279	11	sons: • as pressure increases on global food prices and supply, a balance is needed between foo  and supply, a balance is needed between food production and the maintenance of healthy and dive  r is the most important factor limiting crop production, and water availability during the uk g  n, and water availability during the uk growing season is predicted to decline. water abstracti  icted to decline. water abstraction for field crop production needs to be balanced with maintai  to decline. water abstraction for field crop production needs to be balanced with maintaining s  to be balanced with maintaining surface water flows and ground water levels. • nitrogen inputs   ith maintaining surface water flows and ground water levels. • nitrogen inputs are a major sour  ntaining surface water flows and ground water levels. • nitrogen inputs are a major source of c   inputs. such varieties will allow more sustainable agriculture. in this project we will use a   ts, generate programs and protocols for data analysis, and perform gwam to identify candiate ge
10102	2	dimethyl sulfide or will provide amino acid sequence information that can be used to dev  in understanding dms degradation in the marine environment.
6833	3	fsprings is 25%. we carry out molecular genetic screening and provide prenatal diagnosis whenev  omal recessive disorder and an x-linked genetic disorder: fabry disease, too. current modern dn  on and direct dna sequencing methods in family members with friedreich ataxia and allow charact
6761	3	ms encountered during clinical-genetics counseling sessions. parents are usually healthy, while   during our work we carry out molecular genetic screening and provide prenatal diagnosis whenev  is whenever neccesary for patients with cystic fibrosis .
15103	7	ding of non lineal processes that drive ecosystem dynamics was originally described in shallow    new point of view for the modelling of ecosystem dynamics. our team has been monitoring for mo  bon and nitrogen isotope composition in organic matter, as well as photosynthetic pigment conte  : oxygen stable isotope composition and trace element geochemistry. alternatively, we will gene  alternatively, we will generate another time series of salinity from the simulation of this key  . another output of the model will be a time series of the torrential water inputs to the lagoo   its expected tendency in relation with climate change
12613	8	mination. these included the submission poor quality land contamination reports for planning ap  cluded the submission poor quality land contamination reports for planning approval, diverting   eports for planning approval, diverting local authority staff from other aspects of their dutie  onversely, a lack of confidence in some local authority staff that they possessed the necessary  d contaminated land regimes. thus, this research project is required to identify the skills nec   skills necessary for contaminated land decision making, in and to provide an assessment of the  plines and generic project, finance and resource management. contaminated land is considered wi  ferent contexts, both by the public and private sector, the skills necessary to deliver those r
11364	3	ere fluxes is an important component of climate prediction. models for making flux predictions   on of canopy models directly from these time series data, thereby reducing the likelihood of pr  rsive estimation of available eddy flux time series to estimate parameter state dependencies of
13886	3	ecology has difficulties in developing ecological restoration because restoration procedures a  g and maintaining biodiversity. because follow-up studies are time-demanding manipulative exper   location in the landscape is basic for ecosystem structures and processes. i predict that rest
14659	3	the analysis of the y-chromosome genetic diversity has been shown to be useful to ascert  scertain phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary processes in humans. however, this kind of  fit from the experience of the involved research team on diversity studies to investigate on th
12406	5	or or against in-combination effects of wind farms, regulators need to resort to highly precaut  of a mandatory shut down of some or all wind turbines within a wind farm during certain periods  n of some or all wind turbines within a wind farm during certain periods , seriously impacts th  usly impacts the financial viability of wind farm proposals and could halt the future expansion  d halt the future expansion of offshore wind farms. this project seeks ways to identify options
10502	2	and phenotypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact a  ne and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment and regulation of disch
10244	2	and phenotypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact a  ne and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment and regulation of disch
10246	2	and phenotypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact a  ne and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment and regulation of disch
10742	2	and phenotypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact a  ne and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment and regulation of disch
11220	2	and phenotypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact a  ne and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment and regulation of disch
12227	4	r example, nitrogen , but not on mature field crops. increased pressures on p fertiliser usage   , due to the depletion of non-renewable natural resources, their potential negative impacts on   er quality, and the energy required and carbon dioxide evolved in their production and use, wil  ly. with over 85% of mined p is used in food production, and field vegetable crops being very r
14957	1	ion and taxonomic units definition as a first step towards the knowledge of the true diversity
9844	5	re of greater than 380 atmospheres, and water temperatures ranging from 1-300oc, pressure-lovin  ents could potentially be important for industrial processes. thus, there is a need to understa  d to understand more about the basis of high-pressure, and in some cases extreme temperature, g  imally at high pressure, it can grow at atmospheric pressure. additionally, the sequencing of p  ezophile, it will also provide a useful starting point for investigations into more extreme pie
11840	14	of birds and mammals often have larger body size in the colder parts of their geographical ran  hy. this is an important topic, because global climate change will expose animals to changing t  s is an important topic, because global climate change will expose animals to changing temperat  ed to understand how they will respond. food animals such as fish are cold-blooded and our work  , we shall focus on a small animal, the fruit fly drosophila, which has a wide geographic range  ila, which has a wide geographic range. fruit flies evolve to be larger at higher latitudes; ex  cal variable in the evolution of larger body size at higher latitudes, because experiments wher  atory also result in genetically larger body size at lower culture temperatures. in addition, f   identify the genes that produce larger body size at higher latitudes in nature. we shall do th  o this by mapping their location in the genetic material and by looking for altered patterns of   and by looking for altered patterns of gene expression. critically, we shall then confirm our    critical and checking their effects on body size. we shall test the importance of temperature   ance of temperature in the evolution of body size, by measuring the performance of flies with t  es and pathways that control changes in body size in response to temperature, we shall start to
11153	4	fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for studying             fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for studying microorganisms in their natu  al environment without cultivation. the nucleic acids inside microbial cells can be stained wit  bioremediation technologies and for the risk assessment for impacted ecosystems.
10514	6	atologists as well as forest carbon and remote sensing experts in order to provide an integrati  matology of this drought, the extent of forest fires and the carbon losses associated with this  al extent of the drought and associated forest fires based on a combination of climate and remo  s based on a combination of climate and remote sensing data. the team will then implement an ex  data. due to our close interaction with local governments and communities, we anticipate that t  of public policies in order to mitigate climate change impacts in this region.
10490	8	ave your cake and eat it. this leads to trade-offs that we see in many different species, for e  d have children at a larger size. these trade-offs provide the key to understanding the evoluti  ories that generate biodiversity in the natural world, as different organisms derive different   ent solutions to this dilemma. one such trade-off is that between maintaining your own health a   including humans, who engage in costly parental care behaviours. rather than abandoning their   s have shown that caring behaviours and immune responses to disease are both controlled by the   ed by the same hormones in a variety of animal species. in insects, these hormones have opposit  ill provide important insights into how trade-offs are controlled and how they change in a high
11543	8	ave your cake and eat it. this leads to trade-offs that we see in many different species, for e  d have children at a larger size. these trade-offs provide the key to understanding the evoluti  ories that generate biodiversity in the natural world, as different organisms derive different   ent solutions to this dilemma. one such trade-off is that between maintaining your own health a   including humans, who engage in costly parental care behaviours. rather than abandoning their   s have shown that caring behaviours and immune responses to disease are both controlled by the   ed by the same hormones in a variety of animal species. in insects, these hormones have opposit  ill provide important insights into how trade-offs are controlled and how they change in a high
14196	4	e to respond properly to usually normal viral infections, and the disease becomes quite serious   approach has also been patented by us. infectious diseases of animals and humans constitute on  tute one of the most costly and painful health problems. development of effective treatments an  ccines is urgent to increase health and well being and a better knowledge of the host response
7295	2	ve and invasive populations in invasive bird species. given the relative costs and benefits of   vasive populations have lower levels of inflammatory response and higher antibody response leve
10030	2	brate or invertebrate, are afflicted by infectious disease, but in spite of medical and veterin  main largely ignorant of the effects of infectious disease on natural to be common.
10540	2	brate or invertebrate, are afflicted by infectious disease, but in spite of medical and veterin  main largely ignorant of the effects of infectious disease on natural to be common.
15343	14	the studies developed by our research group in the 90s detected high densities of le  p in the 90s detected high densities of lead shot pellets in the most important spanish wetland  nds, accompanied by high prevalences of lead shot ingestion in waterfowl. although lead shot us  d shot ingestion in waterfowl. although lead shot use was banned in protected spanish wetlands   otected spanish wetlands in 2001, spent lead shot remains unaltered for decades in sediments, a   the risk of poisoning remains present. lead poisoning is an important issue in the conservatio  g remains present. lead poisoning is an important issue in the conservation of waterfowl. direc  ation of waterfowl. direct mortality by lead poisoning, usually through the ingestion of pb amm  b ammunition, has been reported in many bird species even in protected wetlands. however, very   important functions in vertebrates: the immune response and the reproduction. the impairment of  ease in the mortality by infectious and parasitic diseases, and by decreasing reproductive succ  itment, leading to an alteration of the population dynamics. we present an integrated approach   ative stress, which will be used as the meeting point among all the analysed responses. since o  stitutive and induced components of the immune system. 2. to evaluate the effects of pb exposur
13733	1	n. norvegicus will be investigated in a field study.
10776	2	uch as ammonium oxidisers, which play a vital role in nitrogen cycling, water quality and ecosy  further funding via parallel and future grant applications. the programme of research outlined
7175	1	igenous communities kinetics planktonic larval stages. dreissena polymorpha this increased vuln
14779	2	tion through irrigation and use of both chemical fertilizers and pesticides has allowed a huge   sticides has allowed a huge increase in food production in the last 40 years, feeding 6,000 mil
7634	1	estrial plants form root symbiosis with soil fungi that can access difficult access resources d
10567	4	salinity probes to monitor watercolumn physical properties. any apparent differences between s  sights into how ice loss may affect the marine ecology of this sensitive region, and will help   025 strategic objective 13 arctic shelf time series . data will be explored in a model framewor  here have the potential to provide much added value to already-funded mooring deployments, and
1084	1	odynamic conditions. 2 presence of some river mouths forming coastal lagoons and wetlands, and
13890	3	tructure and species composition of the plant community. these changes can further affect other  dy this, a new, completely experimental research project was started, where impact of 4 differe  ebrates. also soil temperature and soil respiration rates have been affected. effect further de
12225	4	er of pesticides available for use on a wide range of crops. adas have produced, and published,  rticultural, grass and forage crops the key issues and priorities for attention. it is importan  that policy development can address the key issues and balance pressures coming from specific s  ssues and balance pressures coming from specific sectors within a wider context.
161	8	activity that is likely to provoke the climate warming, frequent droughts and other stresses t  stresses that decrease the stability of forest ecosystems. many recent projects on different tr   tree growth and site productivity. the case studies reported consistent increasing trends in g  ecipitation, detected in meteorological time series in estonia may be partly responsible for th  tonia may be partly responsible for the annual increase of tree growth. the primary goal of the  stands under the possible impact of the climate change and ii the impact of warming and increas  ming and increased precipitation on the forest litter decomposition. results of the study shoul  inal cutting strategies, and for forest policy makers to ensure continuous sustainable manageme
147	9	studies on global climate have revealed that the conditions in the  ave revealed that the conditions in the northern hemisphere tend to change for warmer, winters    the north atlantic oscillation index . climate change affects the balance of heat, water and s  s in the water volume and lake depth. a basic research is planned to study the influence of the  . the role of the dynamics of dissolved organic matter on the underwater light climate will be   rge lakes võrtsjärv and peipsi offer an unique opportunity to study the impact of climatic chan  are among few lakes in the world, which water level is unregulated and has a natural variabilit   changes of nao. more than 30-year long time series from these lakes enable to analyse the impa  e lakes enable to analyse the impact of climate change on the ecosystems. monthly data on phyto
12435	5	nting the strategic plan of the cod and climate change programme and other co-operative interna  international studies on the effects of climate change on the marine ecosystem. key customer pu  on the effects of climate change on the marine ecosystem. key customer purpose to improve forec  prove forecasts of the responses of the marine ecosystem to physical forcing and global change   structure and functioning under varying physical conditions, providing the basis for wider ecos
6961	2	ies as d. perniciosus, p. pentagona, of fruit trees and ornamentals. the project should include  ll mostly on ornamentals, l. pusilla on pine trees, n. immeretina on grape, a. purpurea on gras
7129	4	rrestrial ecosystems by humans led to a major alteration of the abiotic environment of the glob  petition if the increase of co2 promote invasive species over native species in terms of phenol  t ipcc scenarios and thus determine how global warming may affect biodiversity. in terms of man  kely deterioration in the efficiency of biological control because of the alteration of the che
7669	1	n and represents an ecotone between the tropical forest, sub-andean and savannah ecosystems, wh
13725	1	the results are generally important for scientific theories on mesopredator release and the use
11147	1	one of the most prominent signatures of climate change is progressively increasing levels of at
7536	4	o initiate, through the help of brg, an interdisciplinary research project of fragmented forest  h the help of brg, an interdisciplinary research project of fragmented forest landscapes south   ant to make an initial inventory of the genetic diversity of oaks present in these landscapes o  improperly managed land, the effects of forest management on the genetic structure of these pop
7131	3	d in the laboratory. finally, a spatial genetic analysis will determine the importance of pest   ands, and selective factors driving the adaptive radiation of the kind strobilomyia on larch. a  is ecosystem will predict the effect of global warming on the regeneration of larch forest, for
2149	1	ly exposed fish will be released into a river system after the completion of smoltification. do
427	6	ity worldwide has highly increased. the global climate change is probably one of the major caus  ldwide has highly increased. the global climate change is probably one of the major causes lead  genetic variability as well as on their long term survival the knowledge of the impact of past   val the knowledge of the impact of past climate changes on biodiversity would greatly help to a  ic parasite can be used as a biological magnifying glass as it highlights previously undetected   as it highlights previously undetected historical events of its host. finally, we showed in a
7143	2	tags: climate change, phylogeography, mammals, refuges, genet  ange, phylogeography, mammals, refuges, genetic diversity
13592	1	ation of laboratory, mesocosm-based and field studies to sudy the growth, reprodction success a
14183	12	oilseed rape is an increasingly important crop througho  n investigating tritrophic crop plant - insect pest - parasitoid interactions with the aim of f   aim of finding innovative solutions to pest control in estonia that minimise pesticide use, ma  o pest control in estonia that minimise pesticide use, maximise use of natural resources, but a  minimise pesticide use, maximise use of natural resources, but are economically-viable and envi  sing small plot, larger-scale field and laboratory experiments, how host plants within the agro  e field and laboratory experiments, how host plants within the agro-ecosystem affect the popula  ts within the agro-ecosystem affect the population dynamics and phenology of two target pests,   hether fertilizers have impact on plant chemical compounds and thereby have influence on target  er their behavioural responses to these host plants can be utilised to develop push-pull strate   host plants can be utilised to develop push-pull strategies using trap crops or companion plan  tion biocontrol. postgraduate training, technology transfer to growers though talks at meetings
14983	1	se wetlands and their relationship with human development and climatic characteristics - appear
7554	4	have more or less direct effects on the evolutionary processes that help maintain the genetic d  ionary processes that help maintain the genetic diversity of species and alter their genetic st  n practices and analyze their impact on gene flow and the evolution of the genetic diversity of  t on gene flow and the evolution of the genetic diversity of three forest species exploited
14141	1	although the impact of rising ambient temperature and co2 concentration on woody plan
14110	3	climate change scenarios predict wetter conditions for   t woody species interact over different time scales to cause a putative decline in growth rate   e scales to cause a putative decline in growth rate in response to elevated rh
14506	1	the native species 4- influence of the wild boar on the egeneration of the native forest.
11140	6	as atmospheric carbon dioxide continues to rise the ph of seawater wil  y those that form their structures with calcium carbonate as a major component. the possible ef  r study here, e.g. on rates of man-made carbon dioxide uptake by the oceans and calculation of    trace gases for particle formation and air quality. what is proposed here would add an additio  n to the nerc/defra ocean acidification research programme by not only studying one important i  eans to the wider fields of climate and atmospheric chemistry.
10940	1	fungi can excrete large amounts of low molecular weight organic acids . we hypothesise that lm
7497	1	of transgenes to wild compartment. any environmental factor that causes a phenological converg
165	5	sonable to continue open-cast mining of oil shale is extremely scarce. the main aim of the proj  izosphere processes on the formation of forest ecosystems in open-cast oil-shale mining areas.   ng areas. microbiological, chemical and physical characteristics of soil-root contiinuum will b  cs of leaf and root litter analysed for background information.the results increase our underst  ng of mechanisms how the development of forest ecosystems in calcareous mining detritus is affe
187	3	the main objective of the present grant application is to study the within-species variat   helps to understand the functioning of boreal forest ecosystems and the impact of environmenta  to understand the functioning of boreal forest ecosystems and the impact of environmental chang
10004	1	earthworms excrete tiny calcium carbonate granules . once we have a collection
10222	2	current or projected future land-based renewable energy schemes are highly dependent on very l  ng factor in assessing the viability of wind farms, varies considerably over distances no great
10662	2	current or projected future land-based renewable energy schemes are highly dependent on very l  ng factor in assessing the viability of wind farms, varies considerably over distances no great
10910	2	current or projected future land-based renewable energy schemes are highly dependent on very l  ng factor in assessing the viability of wind farms, varies considerably over distances no great
10913	2	current or projected future land-based renewable energy schemes are highly dependent on very l  ng factor in assessing the viability of wind farms, varies considerably over distances no great
11171	2	current or projected future land-based renewable energy schemes are highly dependent on very l  ng factor in assessing the viability of wind farms, varies considerably over distances no great
9898	2	current or projected future land-based renewable energy schemes are highly dependent on very l  ng factor in assessing the viability of wind farms, varies considerably over distances no great
15448	5	the climate change is an evident fact in our country. the r   are revealing the effect on the of the climate change of different plant species, indicating a  ain a deeper knowledge of the impact of climate change on different plant species in the studie  will help to predict the effects of the global warming on natural populations and to the develo  egies of conservation in the context of climate change in the iberian peninsula.
11818	10	production of organic carbon by phytoplankton in the surface ocean, f  , followed by transport of some of this organic carbon on sinking particulate matter from the s  ean into underlying sediments, extracts carbon dioxide from and injects oxygen into the atmosph  nto the atmosphere. for long geological time scales of thousands up to hundreds of millions of   of the rearrangements of continents and oceanic crust during the last hundreds of millions of y  d-ocean ridges, but also to some degree abyssal plains, are structured by submarine hills and m  rce of environmental variability in the deep sea. in addition to their mere presence, the inter  -steady background the impact of tides: tidal current velocities vary spatially in the deep sea  urrent velocities vary spatially in the deep sea and may have varied temporally over ice age cy  sea and may have varied temporally over ice age cycles, thereby introducing spatiotemporal vari
7626	10	s to evaluate the interest of spreading organic matter on land highly constrained to improve th   it is planned to evaluate two forms of organic matter: rcw fragmented and compost green waste.  rough better knowledge of the impact of organic matter input on plant and soil processes implem  ally, by improving the effectiveness of biological engineering works. soil erosion in certain s  proving the effectiveness of biological engineering works. soil erosion in certain situations j  veness of biological engineering works. soil erosion in certain situations justify the establis  stablishment of facilities to limit the negative effects of this natural hazard on ecosystems a  s to limit the negative effects of this natural hazard on ecosystems and human activities. we k  f this natural hazard on ecosystems and human activities. we know that the pir 2010 vegetation   tion ecological engineering can play an important role in soil protection against surface erosi
14440	4	abundance and distribution of plant and animal species, i.e. the biodiversity of the impacted a  ffects of trakiya highway traffic . the noise levels are determined by the type and speed of th  ns plan to rehabilitate and broaden the road network. the results of the study could be used fo  dy could be used for the preparation of environmental impact assessments and ecological assessm
14223	1	elationships between landscape metrics, local population density and other socioeconomic indica
13526	3	zooplankton food selectivity may play a central role for the initiation and persistence of thes  it combines traditional experiments and field observations with cutting-edge pcr-based diet ana  sment, toxin measurements and long-term data analyses. our results will shed new light on the r
11675	4	less information is available about the long term impacts of changes in river channel. the latt  important for two reasons. first, large economic costs can often result from changes in flood c  e frequent under a range of climate and land use scenarios in the uk and elsewhere. but there i   benefit of many stakeholders including local residents and farmers, the environment agency, de
543	7	echniques to investigate the impacts of climate change on plant communities comprising herbaceo  tigate the impacts of climate change on plant communities comprising herbaceous and woody speci  evated atmospheric co2 can mitigate the negative effects of summer drought on aboveground bioma  der elevated co2. work on an artificial plant community at montpellier shows a negative effect    plant community at montpellier shows a negative effect of drought on net photosynthesis, trans  s and total respiration measured at the community level. we also find a significant increase in  oductivity, microbial activity and soil respiration rates show no significant effects of climat
11433	4	approximately 1% of flowering plant species are parasitic, obtaining some o  of their nutrients and water from their host plants, through haustoria that penetrate either th  parasites are root hemiparasites in one plant family . this proposal targets major gaps in our    with the conservation of hemiparasitic plant communities threatened by nutrient enrichment fro
10909	1	agency and cefas, who will be important end users of the outputs.
10155	14	dicted that this could affect the basic biological functions of many marine organisms. this in   in maintaining a healthy and productive marine ecosystem. this is important considering 40% of   onomical impacts. during several recent international meetings scientific experts have conclude  ions between individuals that determine ecosystem structure will be affected. this current lack  this current lack of understanding is a major problem as ocean acidification is a rapidly evolv  ean acidification is a rapidly evolving management issue and, with an insufficient knowledge ba  agement issue and, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggli  d, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggling to formulate   e strategies to sustain and protect the marine environment in the face of ocean acidification.   ning in coastal habitats. they will use laboratory experiments to determine the ways in which o  ios on the biodiversity and function of coastal ecosystems. the consortium will also act as a f  tems. the consortium will also act as a focal point for uk ocean acidification research promoti  rties; uk and international scientists, policy makers, environmental managers, fisherman, conse  vationists, the media, students and the general public.
10414	14	dicted that this could affect the basic biological functions of many marine organisms. this in   in maintaining a healthy and productive marine ecosystem. this is important considering 40% of   onomical impacts. during several recent international meetings scientific experts have conclude  ions between individuals that determine ecosystem structure will be affected. this current lack  this current lack of understanding is a major problem as ocean acidification is a rapidly evolv  ean acidification is a rapidly evolving management issue and, with an insufficient knowledge ba  agement issue and, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggli  d, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggling to formulate   e strategies to sustain and protect the marine environment in the face of ocean acidification.   ning in coastal habitats. they will use laboratory experiments to determine the ways in which o  ios on the biodiversity and function of coastal ecosystems. the consortium will also act as a f  tems. the consortium will also act as a focal point for uk ocean acidification research promoti  rties; uk and international scientists, policy makers, environmental managers, fisherman, conse  vationists, the media, students and the general public.
10422	14	dicted that this could affect the basic biological functions of many marine organisms. this in   in maintaining a healthy and productive marine ecosystem. this is important considering 40% of   onomical impacts. during several recent international meetings scientific experts have conclude  ions between individuals that determine ecosystem structure will be affected. this current lack  this current lack of understanding is a major problem as ocean acidification is a rapidly evolv  ean acidification is a rapidly evolving management issue and, with an insufficient knowledge ba  agement issue and, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggli  d, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggling to formulate   e strategies to sustain and protect the marine environment in the face of ocean acidification.   ning in coastal habitats. they will use laboratory experiments to determine the ways in which o  ios on the biodiversity and function of coastal ecosystems. the consortium will also act as a f  tems. the consortium will also act as a focal point for uk ocean acidification research promoti  rties; uk and international scientists, policy makers, environmental managers, fisherman, conse  vationists, the media, students and the general public.
10758	14	dicted that this could affect the basic biological functions of many marine organisms. this in   in maintaining a healthy and productive marine ecosystem. this is important considering 40% of   onomical impacts. during several recent international meetings scientific experts have conclude  ions between individuals that determine ecosystem structure will be affected. this current lack  this current lack of understanding is a major problem as ocean acidification is a rapidly evolv  ean acidification is a rapidly evolving management issue and, with an insufficient knowledge ba  agement issue and, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggli  d, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggling to formulate   e strategies to sustain and protect the marine environment in the face of ocean acidification.   ning in coastal habitats. they will use laboratory experiments to determine the ways in which o  ios on the biodiversity and function of coastal ecosystems. the consortium will also act as a f  tems. the consortium will also act as a focal point for uk ocean acidification research promoti  rties; uk and international scientists, policy makers, environmental managers, fisherman, conse  vationists, the media, students and the general public.
10915	14	dicted that this could affect the basic biological functions of many marine organisms. this in   in maintaining a healthy and productive marine ecosystem. this is important considering 40% of   onomical impacts. during several recent international meetings scientific experts have conclude  ions between individuals that determine ecosystem structure will be affected. this current lack  this current lack of understanding is a major problem as ocean acidification is a rapidly evolv  ean acidification is a rapidly evolving management issue and, with an insufficient knowledge ba  agement issue and, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggli  d, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggling to formulate   e strategies to sustain and protect the marine environment in the face of ocean acidification.   ning in coastal habitats. they will use laboratory experiments to determine the ways in which o  ios on the biodiversity and function of coastal ecosystems. the consortium will also act as a f  tems. the consortium will also act as a focal point for uk ocean acidification research promoti  rties; uk and international scientists, policy makers, environmental managers, fisherman, conse  vationists, the media, students and the general public.
11423	14	dicted that this could affect the basic biological functions of many marine organisms. this in   in maintaining a healthy and productive marine ecosystem. this is important considering 40% of   onomical impacts. during several recent international meetings scientific experts have conclude  ions between individuals that determine ecosystem structure will be affected. this current lack  this current lack of understanding is a major problem as ocean acidification is a rapidly evolv  ean acidification is a rapidly evolving management issue and, with an insufficient knowledge ba  agement issue and, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggli  d, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggling to formulate   e strategies to sustain and protect the marine environment in the face of ocean acidification.   ning in coastal habitats. they will use laboratory experiments to determine the ways in which o  ios on the biodiversity and function of coastal ecosystems. the consortium will also act as a f  tems. the consortium will also act as a focal point for uk ocean acidification research promoti  rties; uk and international scientists, policy makers, environmental managers, fisherman, conse  vationists, the media, students and the general public.
11693	14	dicted that this could affect the basic biological functions of many marine organisms. this in   in maintaining a healthy and productive marine ecosystem. this is important considering 40% of   onomical impacts. during several recent international meetings scientific experts have conclude  ions between individuals that determine ecosystem structure will be affected. this current lack  this current lack of understanding is a major problem as ocean acidification is a rapidly evolv  ean acidification is a rapidly evolving management issue and, with an insufficient knowledge ba  agement issue and, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggli  d, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggling to formulate   e strategies to sustain and protect the marine environment in the face of ocean acidification.   ning in coastal habitats. they will use laboratory experiments to determine the ways in which o  ios on the biodiversity and function of coastal ecosystems. the consortium will also act as a f  tems. the consortium will also act as a focal point for uk ocean acidification research promoti  rties; uk and international scientists, policy makers, environmental managers, fisherman, conse  vationists, the media, students and the general public.
11706	14	dicted that this could affect the basic biological functions of many marine organisms. this in   in maintaining a healthy and productive marine ecosystem. this is important considering 40% of   onomical impacts. during several recent international meetings scientific experts have conclude  ions between individuals that determine ecosystem structure will be affected. this current lack  this current lack of understanding is a major problem as ocean acidification is a rapidly evolv  ean acidification is a rapidly evolving management issue and, with an insufficient knowledge ba  agement issue and, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggli  d, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggling to formulate   e strategies to sustain and protect the marine environment in the face of ocean acidification.   ning in coastal habitats. they will use laboratory experiments to determine the ways in which o  ios on the biodiversity and function of coastal ecosystems. the consortium will also act as a f  tems. the consortium will also act as a focal point for uk ocean acidification research promoti  rties; uk and international scientists, policy makers, environmental managers, fisherman, conse  vationists, the media, students and the general public.
9879	14	dicted that this could affect the basic biological functions of many marine organisms. this in   in maintaining a healthy and productive marine ecosystem. this is important considering 40% of   onomical impacts. during several recent international meetings scientific experts have conclude  ions between individuals that determine ecosystem structure will be affected. this current lack  this current lack of understanding is a major problem as ocean acidification is a rapidly evolv  ean acidification is a rapidly evolving management issue and, with an insufficient knowledge ba  agement issue and, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggli  d, with an insufficient knowledge base, policy makers and managers are struggling to formulate   e strategies to sustain and protect the marine environment in the face of ocean acidification.   ning in coastal habitats. they will use laboratory experiments to determine the ways in which o  ios on the biodiversity and function of coastal ecosystems. the consortium will also act as a f  tems. the consortium will also act as a focal point for uk ocean acidification research promoti  rties; uk and international scientists, policy makers, environmental managers, fisherman, conse  vationists, the media, students and the general public.
11270	7	te of fish larvae, population genetics, ocean circulation and the environment with archived lar  o individual based models incorporating ocean circulation and biological characteristics of eac  els incorporating ocean circulation and biological characteristics of each species, thus creati  kelihood of larvae reaching appropriate feeding grounds and recruiting to the adult population.  comparison with inferred dispersal from genetic analyses, and an assessment of dispersal variab  a on fish recruitment as a component of climate change. such information is important since cli  ge. such information is important since climate records from the antarctic show that the waters
7420	3	by pesticides in areas hives apple and peach trees. evaluate acute and chronic toxicity and re  ple and peach trees. evaluate acute and chronic toxicity and repeated dose. study development a  et the less toxic molecules and suggest farming practices safer to bees
12571	2	cy customers on the potential impact of climate change scenarios, as predicted by ukcp09, and t  tocks and the potential implications of climate change which will contribute to the development
15271	5	ntify the inputs of nitrogen to iberian holm oak forests located in representative areas in the   the inputs of nitrogen to iberian holm oak forests located in representative areas in the nort   assess the deposition of nitrogen in a holm oak forest located in the valley of valdorba, nava  ss the deposition of nitrogen in a holm oak forest located in the valley of valdorba, navarra;   ct will allow us to determine empirical critical loads for nitrogen in this type of ecosystem.
2054	4	menting the ecosystem approach to birch forest management in northern norway. first, forest man  t management in northern norway. first, forest management in northern norway will be compared w  n northern norway will be compared with case studies from scandinavia, scotland and usa to exam  uctural and functional changes in birch forest ecosystems due to spruce planting are investigat
10310	3	d from that established in the field of health care research and practice. the collaboration of  ility. the output represents a critical step forward in knowledge transfer in push-delivering s  ributes advance to the effectiveness of public services and policy and the quality of life.
11026	3	d from that established in the field of health care research and practice. the collaboration of  ility. the output represents a critical step forward in knowledge transfer in push-delivering s  ributes advance to the effectiveness of public services and policy and the quality of life.
11261	3	d from that established in the field of health care research and practice. the collaboration of  ility. the output represents a critical step forward in knowledge transfer in push-delivering s  ributes advance to the effectiveness of public services and policy and the quality of life.
11521	3	d from that established in the field of health care research and practice. the collaboration of  ility. the output represents a critical step forward in knowledge transfer in push-delivering s  ributes advance to the effectiveness of public services and policy and the quality of life.
10032	4	water and the resulting biological and chemical reactions, may exert a lot of control on the w  ecies, such as nitrate and ammonium and chemical reactions known collectively as redox or reduc  xidation reactions. redox reactions use electron acceptors other than oxygen for organic carbon  lectron acceptors other than oxygen for organic carbon oxidation as the amount of oxygen in the
11842	4	water and the resulting biological and chemical reactions, may exert a lot of control on the w  ecies, such as nitrate and ammonium and chemical reactions known collectively as redox or reduc  xidation reactions. redox reactions use electron acceptors other than oxygen for organic carbon  lectron acceptors other than oxygen for organic carbon oxidation as the amount of oxygen in the
15521	1	e will try to predict the effect of the climate change on the reforestation programs. in summar
12659	1	concern. bushmeat is known to contain a wide range of species, of predominantly african origin,
14023	2	d in one sentence: knowledge on how the life cycle of toxic algae is regulated allows both pred  ation of resistant cyst deposits on the sea bottom, a source of recurrent bloom events. for thi
13885	4	rs, there is a need to reliably predict population dynamics in different environments into the   sion is essential to be able to predict population dynamics precisely. this project aims at imp  rmine the role of density dependence in population dynamics under environmental variability. 2   ocus management actions. in addition to invasive species, the results can be applied to conserv
12274	6	e soil. as pressure increases on global food prices and supply, a balance is needed between foo  and supply, a balance is needed between food production and the maintenance of healthy and dive  r is the most important factor limiting crop production, and water availability during the uk g  n, and water availability during the uk growing season is predicted to decline, it will be impo  . nitrogen inputs are a major source of carbon dioxide emissions and leaching of nitrogen and p  centives for reducing fertiliser use in crop production. we are currently using forward genetic
12458	2	aluate potential responses of shellfish fishing fleets to different management options through   rporation of life-history modelling and data analysis of satellite monitoring data and catch an
12239	2	in a major constraint to cost effective crop production by interfering with yield, harvesting a  ancy cycle of seeds to support informed decision making in weed management and seedling establi
6812	1	grounds and the red one for one for the processing industry and market.
12370	2	ment of options for the integration and long term custodianship of data taken for wfd within on  ip of data taken for wfd within ongoing data management initiatives in the uk and europe will b
12768	2	ncerns about their conservation status. current legislation in a replicated experiment to deter  ches used as roosts by using geographic information systems, and will determine whether churche
11597	4	ir scientific results are not heeded. a middle ground is therefore required, where research goa  ation community. as a member of the new graduate school at the university of kent the student w  t will receive a skills audit, personal development plan and training in appropriate transferab  inability of relevant organisations and public services; and through refining the processes tha
13418	2	in-situ conservation project was started in 2005 in aydın provi  itu program has been carried out at the research station. these efforts include all aspects of
13426	2	n 2001 in center anatolian bahri dagdas agricultural research institute in konya.   ter anatolian bahri dagdas agricultural research institute in konya.
11638	2	one of the most significant events in plant evolution was the origin of the seed. however, it  understand its reproductive biology and seed plant origins.
1090	9	utrition during the first stages of the life cycle relies on the establishment on mycorrhizal a  ination for the species examined; b the genetic factors determining colonization success for th  he species examined and the surrounding plant community as well as climatic, geologic and pedol  e influence of intra- and interspecific gene flows on orchid colonization dynamics and local ad  een orchids and other components of the plant community, mediated by shared mycorrhizal fungi.   rchid genetic variability and degree of gene flows will be carried out on the epigeous portion   tion into axenic cultures and/or direct molecular analysis of the its fungal sequences. the sam  of orchids with other components of the plant community will be assessed through sampling and m  y will be assessed through sampling and molecular analysis of roots from the plant species surr
15049	2	roject will have an important impact on biological control of insects because they will represe  f insects because they will represent a powerful tool to select active toxins for a wide select
12035	3	s there fluxes of organisms, nutrients, organic matter and pollutants between rivers and their   in the sediment to decompose them. some human activities appeared very disturbing for these eco  cesses, such as wine‐growing that use a wide range of pesticides. the biodiversity present insi
13724	2	nbreeding, resulting in drastic loss of animal lives in free-ranging populations. the current p  tion crisis unparalleled by anything in modern time, global amphibian decline.
10615	1	ons that vary widely in heterozygosity. genetic screening using established polymorphic microsa
13825	1	ing on the demography, and to calculate genetic load in form of lethal equivalents. we will als
12050	3	onia is one of the world's biodiversity hot spots. however, anthropogenic fires are becoming mo  ming more threatening to ecosystems and human populations as they increase in number, frequency  and fire, and will develop a geographic information system for the intagrated monitoring of the
13576	5	swedish marine ecosystems are strongly affected by a salinity g  osystem with a species with very little genetic diversity. these results have obvious implicati  bvious implications for conservation of marine ecosystems of this area. one reason for this is    this area. one reason for this is that climate change might further reduce the genetic variati  climate change might further reduce the genetic variation of f. radicans, a species that is alr
15163	1	e jumping sequences of wolbachia in the x chromosome of these orthoptera
2468	2	the evolutionary processes that can create two species out   erentiation, reproductive isolation and life history variation among whitefish morphs, and iii
6937	9	hich would incorporate areas of applied molecular genetics, plant breeding and crop production,   molecular genetics, plant breeding and crop production, and results achieved in the frame of t  k could contribute to developing of the sustainable agriculture. the main aim of the project is  the main aim of the project is to breed winter wheat varieties and cultivars resistant to necro  trophic pathogens, while the aim of the basic research is to examine the genetic variability an  variability and population structure of fungal pathogens causing leaf spots. identification of   n structure of fungal pathogens causing leaf spots. identification of known resistance genes is  ing leaf spots. identification of known resistance genes is foreseen, highly resistant material  meria graminis could be identified. the market position and competitiveness of resistant cultiv
12186	1	the defra/ne environmental stewardship research programme and detailed advice, as required, to
10789	11	ed how we conceptualise and analyse the evolutionary history of biological groups, a scientific  e results gained from morphological and molecular analyses contrast strongly with each other, g  t of evidence more correctly infers the evolutionary history of the organisms studied, and unde  retations. one such critical group, the seed plants, originated ca. 363 million years ago in th  devonian period; they have an extensive fossil record and dominate modern terrestrial ecosystem  e modern terrestrial ecosystems. living seed plants represent five major taxonomic groups: cyca  le-evidence approach to reconstruct the evolutionary history of seed plants. the gnepine, gneti  reconstruct the evolutionary history of seed plants. the gnepine, gnetifer and anthophyte hypot  d by carefully targeted analysis of the fossil record, focusing on detailed morphological featu  e previously been misinterpreting their male organs, which are similar to some extinct conifers   elucidate the controversial history of seed plants.
10407	7	otiating these challenging research and policy agendas, by looking at the opportunity that baye  ne, linking researchers from a range of natural science and social disciplines, experienced in   ers from a range of natural science and social disciplines, experienced in modelling and assess  re strategic development. besides other funding bodies, eu, defra, the consortium has a track r  bodies, eu, defra, the consortium has a track record with dfid, esrc, nerc and now welcomes the  ith the indian co-is are also playing a key role in contributing expertise on the structure and  ise on the structure and functioning of forest ecosystems, the role of these systems in sustain
13745	4	essment report in n swedish lapland. my research group has been working at the latnjajaure fiel  g-term data sets on climate, snow-melt, plant ecology, etc. our efforts in landscape ecology ha  ss scales in space, time, and function. climate change will not only bring about changes in spe  anges in species composition; we expect drastic changes in ecosystem diversity within landscape
7484	3	for a scientifically-based selection of biodiversity indicators for organic/low-input farming s  nt and validation of a set of candidate biodiversity indicators in representative case studies   odiversity indicators in representative case studies across europe will be integrated at critic
14596	2	ental plots, already established by the research group in the framework of previous research pr  arch group in the framework of previous research projects, and the evaluation of a number of re
7101	1	tion of biodiversity and maintenance of human activities which have seen their implementation o
512	1	rvation of biodiversity and maintaining human activities , which over the last 10 years have ex
2134	4	gate the genetic structure of norwegian salmon populations. the results from project will, toge  o build a common range wide database of salmon populations that can be used for assigning salmo  els; nation wide, regional and within a river system to evaluate and quantify the variation. al   will help to explain the different sea mortality rates observed for salmon from different regi
14499	4	a. enterprise. biological depuration of waste water. the biological depuration of waste water i  ste water. the biological depuration of waste water is a complex process where there are many f  s will act as a bridge between existing experimental data and proposed mathematical models by v  existing experimental data and proposed mathematical models by validating, or otherwise, the as
11037	14	anding changes in population size, i.e. population dynamics, has concentrated on investigating   ividuals in age but also in traits like body size or condition crucially affect the way populat  addition, biologists have realised that evolutionary change can happen much faster than had pre  een appreciated and that ecological and evolutionary change can happen simultaneously. this mea  his means that an ability to understand population dynamics, necessary to predict and manage po  require insight into how ecological and evolutionary processes are linked. because all ecologic   are linked. because all ecological and evolutionary change is determined by differences in bir   determined by differences in birth and death rates between groups of individuals, we can use d  ls, we can use data on the survival and fertility rates of individuals living within a populati  nges in the distribution of traits like body size. this will provide some information on how we  uence both the evolution of traits like body size, as well as fluctuations in population size.    we will use data from four contrasting animal species / a monogamous bird, the silvereye; free  ecause previous research has provided a good understanding of many aspects of their ecology, be  st and because they have very different life histories and ecologies. by investing a range of s
11566	14	anding changes in population size, i.e. population dynamics, has concentrated on investigating   ividuals in age but also in traits like body size or condition crucially affect the way populat  addition, biologists have realised that evolutionary change can happen much faster than had pre  een appreciated and that ecological and evolutionary change can happen simultaneously. this mea  his means that an ability to understand population dynamics, necessary to predict and manage po  require insight into how ecological and evolutionary processes are linked. because all ecologic   are linked. because all ecological and evolutionary change is determined by differences in bir   determined by differences in birth and death rates between groups of individuals, we can use d  ls, we can use data on the survival and fertility rates of individuals living within a populati  nges in the distribution of traits like body size. this will provide some information on how we  uence both the evolution of traits like body size, as well as fluctuations in population size.    we will use data from four contrasting animal species / a monogamous bird, the silvereye; free  ecause previous research has provided a good understanding of many aspects of their ecology, be  st and because they have very different life histories and ecologies. by investing a range of s
7188	4	ing to an interaction of ecological and evolutionary processes in the invasive phenomenon that   ctly for its ecological effects against invasive species may have evolutionary effects exactly    operations targeting mechanisms of the invasive species in order to place it on an "evolutiona  ive species in order to place it on an "evolutionary path" oriented management objectives.
10151	2	lity to grasp a suite of ecological and evolutionary processes. individual specialization in di  the availability of naturally occurring forage fish.
11419	2	lity to grasp a suite of ecological and evolutionary processes. individual specialization in di  the availability of naturally occurring forage fish.
11771	2	lity to grasp a suite of ecological and evolutionary processes. individual specialization in di  the availability of naturally occurring forage fish.
10521	3	sequence of increases in the ability of group members to detect predators and will determine wh   it will investigate how group size and population dynamics are affected by variation in rainfa  unusual ecological mechanisms affecting population dynamics in meerkats, the project will provi
11010	3	sequence of increases in the ability of group members to detect predators and will determine wh   it will investigate how group size and population dynamics are affected by variation in rainfa  unusual ecological mechanisms affecting population dynamics in meerkats, the project will provi
11806	5	evolution of cooperation is arguably a key element of understanding the evolution of life. a m  jor outstanding challenge is to explain individual variation in contributions to cooperation. w  oviding parental investment by inducing trade-offs with the immune system, by varying developme  estment by inducing trade-offs with the immune system, by varying developmental conditions in e  al molecules in the anal exudates, as a first step towards identifying the genes involved in th
10360	1	lity of some fish better than others do environmental factors within the gravel nests where sal
1959	2	the evolutionary significance of lid in plant evolution and the existence of benefits of inform  lution and the existence of benefits of information transfer between the first and third trophi
13532	1	l reasons for the success of the exotic red alga gracilaria vermiculophylla. it will focus on a
1967	8	food webs are highly complex entities. understanding th   a key to the understanding of realised food webs in nature, as opposed to the myriads of theor  o the myriads of theoretically possible food webs. however, the currently used measures of inte  el persistence and the integrity of the food web. furthermore, inducible defences can temporari  dy the effects of inducible defences on food web dynamics and persistence, with a focus on inte   diversity have a synergistic effect on food web persistence. these predictions will be tested   r she will study the dynamics of simple food webs where prey species have permanent, inducible,  iversity at different trophic levels on food web persistence will be explored under different s
6740	3	the wheat genome, which can be used for gene mapping with the help of fluorescence in situ hybr  ansfer the earliness, and the favorable amino acid composition of barley, the salt and drought   ill be selected which could be valuable genetic materials for the wheat breeding.
13361	2	the mission of the plant genetic research project for industrial crop species is         the mission of the plant genetic research project for industrial crop species is to coll
7489	15	renewable resources is perhaps the most urgent need and the most challenging task that human so  ing the desired chemicals with advanced organic chemistry usually requires many times more ener  duct. thus, using plant material in the chemical industry does not only replace the fossil mate  pecies would be very attractive for the chemical industry if they could be obtained at moderate  lk quantities and with a secure supply. genetic engineering of vegetable oil qualities in high   a secure supply. genetic engineering of vegetable oil qualities in high yielding oil crops coul  ielding oil crops could in a relatively short time frame yield such products. this project aims  g oil crops could in a relatively short time frame yield such products. this project aims at de  s. this project aims at developing such added value oils in dedicated industrial oil crops main  gether the most prominent scientists in plant lipid biotechnology in an unprecedented world-wid  d world-wide effort in order to produce added value oils in industrial oil crops within the tim  oils in industrial oil crops within the time frame of four years as well as develop a tool box   rame of four years as well as develop a tool box of genes und understanding of lipid cellular m  lic and that methods, ethics, risks and risk assessment are open for debate. the keywords of ou  ill be openness and an understanding of public concerns.
14657	6	pecies based on the gender are known as sexual dimorphism. this frequent phenomenon has been tr  unction or for protection of developing reproductive organs drives the evolution of sexual dimo  oductive organs drives the evolution of sexual dimorphism. recently two new and alternative hyp  sexual dimorphism. recently two new and alternative hypotheses have been proposed; they include  ite aperture pattern. a descriptive and experimental study is proposed to separate the effects   otypic plasticity as possible causes of sexual dimorphism in these species.
15338	1	bute to establish policies related with land use, crop-land design, conservation strategies and
154	8	a central issue in ecology is to understand how environme  l issue in ecology is to understand how environmental factors influence population dynamics. su  and how environmental factors influence population dynamics. such knowledge could help to expla   could help to explain the evolution of life histories and illustrate ecological processes thus  vironment, in situ biotic interactions, historical processes and changes in land use, the real   ns, historical processes and changes in land use, the real understanding of the causal mechanis  ispersal local interactions and habitat physical conditions on the plant populations in semi na  actors and biotic interactions in plant population dynamics 3. what type of land-use could main
13577	5	climate change has been predicted to cause increased ri  ies, higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon , and changed light climate and hydrogra  ture, function and efficiency of marine food webs exposed to varying light, hydrological condit  ankton-bacteria to fish. the results of field studies and experiments will be used for developm  r development and parameterization of a food web model that will be used to estimate productivi
7102	1	asy to apply and thus to transfer build economic development scenarios for the marketing of agr
514	1	socio-economical characteristics of the fish farms in order to increase the value of the role o
10132	5	the study of past climate change, especially that which has occurred sinc   has occurred since the end of the last ice age about 11,000 years ago . by comparing our recor   by comparing our records with holocene climate records available from other sites in the north  will be able to establish the extent of global climate links at times of different climatic reg  holocene thermal maximum and the little ice age.
10664	5	the study of past climate change, especially that which has occurred sinc   has occurred since the end of the last ice age about 11,000 years ago . by comparing our recor   by comparing our records with holocene climate records available from other sites in the north  will be able to establish the extent of global climate links at times of different climatic reg  holocene thermal maximum and the little ice age.
15400	3	itude and the increase of anthropogenic land use, fragmentation of habitat conservation is the   nthropogenic land use, fragmentation of habitat conservation is the most frequent problem of co  ed lichen species. 2.1. to characterize population dynamics of lobaria pulmonaria in mediterran
7705	2	ion of contextual elements of favorable agricultural production to an overall reduction of para   of crops by pests and amplification of biological control by natural enemies. in this context,
15437	2	ows an extraordinary diversification of ecological niches or microhabitats, explaining in part   e saproxylic assemblage complexity as a powerful tool to understand the biodiversity from a fun
14171	10	been focused on the effect of a single environmental factor at a time. the environmental facto  gle environmental factor at a time. the environmental factor of primary interest in this projec  oject will be light availability. other environmental factors of interest include precipitation  of interest include precipitation, soil water potential, air humidity, air temperature and nutr  e emphasis will be given to include the wide range of plant traits spanning from leaf physiolog   to broad-leaved angiosperms. different functional groups pot-experiments in controlled conditi  o environmental conditions at different time-scales will receive special attention. as global c  ales will receive special attention. as global climate change implies simultaneous modification  ll receive special attention. as global climate change implies simultaneous modification of mul  s simultaneous modification of multiple environmental factors, the results of this project will
14713	1	human activity has significantly altered the global bio
14714	4	human activity has significantly altered the global bio  ut also for human health. nitrogen is a key element for organisms and its availability can eith  to develop a functional index of stream self-purification capacity based on easy-to-measure str  as a function of the dominant catchment land uses.
224	4	rity of research studies biological and chemical processes must be taken into account. the pres  oral components in nutrient dynamics of coastal ecosystem. macroalgae and phytoplankton compete  an modify internal nutrient dynamics of coastal ecosystem. in order to assess the effect that e  , the model can assist in assessment of coastal ecosystem response to eutrophication.
11631	5	ectomycorrhizal from their host plants, they have a key role in the global terrest  zal from their host plants, they have a key role in the global terrestrial carbon cycle. the ex  ve a key role in the global terrestrial carbon cycle. the external mycelium of em fungi is of p  development of recent methods that link microbial diversity with their function to forest ecosy  robial diversity with their function to forest ecosystems for the first time. the project will
10962	1	cific oligonucelotide hybridisation and molecular analysis of 13c labelled community 15srrna wi
14493	1	the genetic structure of human populations is partly determined by the existing
14982	4	ds have disappeared in spain pressed by development programmes and high contamination levels. t  al methods based on the sorption and/or clean-up on solid phases and the determination by liqui  n solid phases and the determination by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which will be   ps, will be one of the crucial steps to go ahead with the project. when optimized, these method
15085	3	s known about their effect on amphibian population dynamics due to a lack of basic information    of patterns of genetic variability and gene flow as measured by microsatellite dna markers, qu   the adaptive component associated with genetic variation related to morphological variation be
2177	1	forests are not entirely isolated from one another: dispersal between fragments links the indi
15470	6	conditions in the aquatic systems, are stress factors to e. coli, which answers adopting the v  ial species, among them some pathogens, vibrio cholerae, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella spp.    this phenotype in a potential risk for public health. throughout the year, it has been demonst   is detected again, and some associated disease outbreaks can occur. some physiological and mol   physiological changes that occur in an experimental model, vibrio harveyi, as an answer to env  we will use epifluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, proteomic techniques, rna profiles and
13500	12	influenza viruses in its pathogenic form can cause high  d past infections of aiv. by faecal and blood samples from raptors and screening for present an  t infections of aiv we will compare the gene pool in those with the aiv found in ducks and othe  . we will screen and identify the virus-host cell receptor-binding capacity in a array of bird   will screen and identify the virus-host cell receptor-binding capacity in a array of bird speci  receptor-binding capacity in a array of bird species to identify difference between groups of b   in tissue from the respiratory and the gastrointestinal tract. this will give insights which s  y the fitness effects of low pathogenic influenza viruses in mallards in an experimental settin  nts by implanting transponders to study body temperature, heart function and blood pressure as   dy body temperature, heart function and blood pressure as parameters in mallards infected with   ill give knowledge that can be used for risk assessment. the h5n1 is originating in domestic an   assessment. the h5n1 is originating in domestic animals but may have large consequences for wi
13924	1	the flowering plant group sileneae serve as model group for
12219	1	oss-defra environment and landscape r&d working group, informed by the research priorities grou
14443	6	a 2000, their threatened as a result of human activities and climatic changes, the content of b  ate, regulation of plant metabolism and gene expression, improving the qualities of herb materi  ination and standard for the industrial raw material, data of the physiological and biochemical  material, data of the physiological and biochemical characteristics and mechanism of regulation  ion, regulation of plant metabolism and gene expression to improve the qualities of herb materi  tainability of conservation and use the natural resources of medicinal plants, including protec
6854	3	inflammatory bowel disease that belongs to the group of barrier dise  lled following detailed examination and follow-up. snp-determinations will be carried out with   determinations will be carried out with real time pcr-appliance. the genetic variants planned t
7483	9	rease in n surplus. this has a negative environmental impact on groundwater . the eu seeks to s   management practices beyond usual good-farming practice. the objective of rednex is to develop  and practical management approaches for dairy cows that reduce nitrogen excretion into the envi  ion of dietary nitrogen utilization for milk production and excretion in urine and faeces. nove  the centre of the project is a detailed mathematical model of n utilization by the cow which wi   research aims to improve the supply of amino acids to be absorbed relative to the quantity and  relative to the quantity and quality of amino acids and carbohydrates in feed allowing a reduct  ion in n intake. research to understand amino acid absorption, intermediary utilization and the  sfer of urea n from blood to the gastro-intestinal tract will further underpin model developmen
14288	1	contextinvasive exotic species
11194	1	communities are entirely unknown. this pilot study aims to determine the factors affecting fun
13475	4	t environmental changes can be short or long term and must be met by adaptations at phenotypic   perception in female mosquitoes after a blood meal, and moths and fruitflies learning to associ   in addition to short-term effects, the olfactory system also adapts over generations through e  fter a host shift. processes underlying evolutionary change in olfactory-driven behaviour, at l
12554	11	roduction of agricultural crops such as oilseed rape, raspberries and tomatoes as well as polli  ain biodiversity in natural ecosystems. pollinating insects are vulnerable to pests, diseases a  t initiative from the biotechnology and biological sciences research council, the department fo  erent mission and remit but all share a common agreement that there is an urgent need for innov  are a common agreement that there is an urgent need for innovative research to provide a solid   at affect these insects. because of the vital role pollinating insects play – insects pollinate  hese insects. because of the vital role pollinating insects play – insects pollinate at least o  he decline. some factors may affect all pollinating insects, others only one or two species and  roup of species as a whole. with such a complex problem, multidisciplinary and systems-based ap  nd systems-based approaches will play a key role. the diverse nature of the funding partners he  de existing expertise in the pollinator research community.
13728	3	insect resistance and life history evolution in wild and feral brassicas: int  creasingly well documented, there is an urgent need to predict to what extent acquiring a gm-tr   s. arvensis is abundant. the impact of gene flow from neighbouring populations to wild b. rapa
2530	5	ared to shallow-water reefs, cold-water coral reefs and communities have received political and  ater reefs are biodiversity and biomass hot spots in the deep ocean, and should also be regarde  odiversity and biomass hot spots in the deep ocean, and should also be regarded as a natural he  long lifetimes, that need safeguarding. oil companies are expanding their search into new remot   provide guidelines that can be used by policy makers, contribute to important societal debates
7557	1	or breeding programs in conservation of genetic diversity of domesticated mammals. be checked o
1087	2	tend to examine a significant sample of case studies, in which the different factors shall be u  yesian analysis, neighbour joining, and maximum likelihood.
454	2	itary constraints that are limiting the cereal production in madagascar, a hemi-parasitic weed   a asiatica - the identification of fake host plants or trap plants in order to diminish the sto
7214	5	the phytosanitary constraints limiting cereal production in madagascar, a scrophulariacée hemi  the sharp decline in production and the poor quality of upland rice and corn seeds to madagasca   pgpr having an effect on culture or an inhibitory effect on the germination of striga asiatica  asiatica; - the identification of false host plants or plant traps to reduce the parasite seed    magnitude of the scourge, identify all host plants striga asiatica and the search for other sp
6943	3	e development. we work by international scientific standards, thus, this research will further   is conducted in parallel with an eu fp7 research project, which, however, examines biodiversity  ation of an internationally competitive research group.
2099	5	e or human encroachments. mechanisms of evolutionary change include selection, gene flow, and d   evolutionary change include selection, gene flow, and detailed information on the relative imp   temporal variation in the genotypes of brown trout, by sampling and genotyping all individuals   size. then, we can study in detail how genetic variation is lost , and quantify a number of mi  s lost , and quantify a number of micro evolutionary processes.
14444	5	p plants for the benefit of human food, animal feed, and vegetable oil. a key contribution of l  benefit of human food, animal feed, and vegetable oil. a key contribution of legumes to sustain  e oil. a key contribution of legumes to sustainable agriculture and nitrogen cycle is their abi   legumes to sustainable agriculture and nitrogen cycle is their ability to fix atmospheric nitr  d m. truncatula, have been proposed for molecular genetics research. the tobacco element tnt1 i
7600	2	servation and sustainable management of forest ecosystems of the congo basin, the interactions   forest dynamics processes and different management methods will be studied on okoumé, endemic s
7201	3	ealth and nutrition plan recommending a daily intake of at least five fruits and vegetables. sy  biotel mobilizes expertise in agronomy, plant pathology, nematology, epidemiology and ecology t  miology and ecology to provide a set of management tools telluric pests and methods to build an
7196	1	xpect to acceptance by practitioners of recreational fishing foot for effective regulation as g
7616	2	restore habitats altered by changes in human activities may influence the structure / function  analysis as a tool for investigation of food webs in an ecological engineering context
7403	1	rams were implemented. from data on the genetic diversity of.
1104	8	area. task 4. climate simulations. wp2. climate changes and evolution of natural systems in the  tems in the mediterranean area. task 1. climate changes and their impact on genetic structure a  ibution, adaptation and biodiversity of water plants, spongofauna and trichoptera entomofauna i   task 6. georeferenced map design. wp3. climate changes and evolution of agricultural systems i  is of changes of the main environmental pressure indicators. task 4. analysis of hydrological s  cal samples. task 5. aeropalynology and climate changes. wp4. strategies for sustainable manage   3. plans of sustainable management and climate changes. task 4. exploitation of territorial an  itorial and environmental resources and climate changes. task 5. hydrological resources managem
403	17	analyse to what extent integrated rice-fish farming could provide a sustainable alternative to   monocropping for a long-term increased food production in the mekong delta. the underlying hyp  ying hypothesis is that integrated rice-fish farming provide a competitive alternative to rice   mer takes full advantage of the natural production capacity of the rice field ecosystem. an unw   the natural production capacity of the rice field ecosystem. an unwise use of pesticides, howe  e of pesticides, however, increases the production cost and decreases the yield of both rice an  of both rice and fish by disrupting the ecological balance of an integrated system. decreased u  s, are therefore necessary to make rice-fish farming a competitive alternative to rice monocrop  pletely replace the use of chemicals in pest control operations, many chemicals will continue t  r* use of pesticides in integrated rice-fish farming. as a first step a preliminary environment  s in integrated rice-fish farming. as a first step a preliminary environmental risk assessment    farming. as a first step a preliminary environmental risk assessment for some of the most comm   first step a preliminary environmental risk assessment for some of the most common pesticides   the most common pesticides used in rice-fish farming will be made. through interviews and field  armer household composition, income and farming practices among 80 rice and rice fish-farmers w  pm methods in takeo province, cambodia. negative effects from pesticides will be measured as de  ased biodiversity and fish yield in the rice field ecosystem.
11776	4	m model-based predictions on how future climate change will affect european biodiversity. curre  pecies distribution models suggest that climate change will cause habitats to shift or contract  bitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 years. this will allo  empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and empl
472	4	m model-based predictions on how future climate change will affect european biodiversity. curre  pecies distribution models suggest that climate change will cause habitats to shift or contract  bitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 years. this will allo  empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and empl
1946	1	ecological and economical indicators in decision making on the spatial development of nature in
13810	3	cal and socio-economical aspects of two management methods for sustainable recreational fisheri   lake fish and ecosystem functions. the management methods are catch and release for minimizati  its lake phase in order to optimize the conservation measures. in order for the conservation an
13727	6	tial reserves and areas of conflict. as case studies, we apply the resulting tool box to lynx a  as case studies, we apply the resulting tool box to lynx and wolves. although the integration p  s new. we have documented experience of interdisciplinary research and management and work in c  t and work in conjunction with on-going biological research. we first assess critical habitat f  ng biological research. we first assess critical habitat factors in the core distribution areas  l landscape data sets in a geographical information system . fourth, we determine the relative
14768	1	the current loss of biodiversity due to human activities and, as consequence, can be regarded a
12542	7	he global mycological community faces a daunting task in morphology-based species definition an  terise populations and species of major fungal pathogens. fungal genus fusarium is hugely impor  ugely important in the context of human well being as it includes several major plant pathogens  ed in the uk. in these studies, various research groups have tended to use different sets of dn  ultigene dna barcoding is emerging as a power tool in taxonomy research with potential applicat  t species complexes, those posing plant health problems and mycotoxigenic species will be obtai  uk, european and international fusarium research groups. comparative analysis of these diverse
10536	9	predicting how species will respond to climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing  the future. this method provides a good starting point, but it ignores several biological proce   to alter their range as rapidly as the climate change. there are likely to be interactions bet  the food plant may impose a limitation. evolutionary processes may also be important, and it is  tended so that incorporates genetic and evolutionary processes. initially we will introduce neu  es. initially we will introduce neutral genetic diversity - that is alternate genes that do not  l look to see how the degree of neutral genetic diversity within a population changes during a   a population changes during a period of climate change due to species changing their distributi  e expected to evolve during a period of climate change.
9825	9	predicting how species will respond to climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing  the future. this method provides a good starting point, but it ignores several biological proce   to alter their range as rapidly as the climate change. there are likely to be interactions bet  the food plant may impose a limitation. evolutionary processes may also be important, and it is  tended so that incorporates genetic and evolutionary processes. initially we will introduce neu  es. initially we will introduce neutral genetic diversity - that is alternate genes that do not  l look to see how the degree of neutral genetic diversity within a population changes during a   a population changes during a period of climate change due to species changing their distributi  e expected to evolve during a period of climate change.
15304	8	water beetles represent one of the most diverse and spe  d species rich groups inhabiting saline inland waters, a largely neglected environment despite   uch habitats are globally threatened by human activities that induce changes in the natural hyd  t both ecological and evolutionary. the evolutionary processes by which tolerance to salinity a  and the present distributions of saline water beetles and to predict organismal responses to gl   species to a changing environment. the specific goals of the project are: 1. to determine osmo  re some lineages preadapted to colonise salt waters 7. to construct ecological niche models inc  to colonise salt waters 7. to construct ecological niche models incorporating physiological dat
10252	5	research and policy discussions on tropical forest ecosystem services are currently happen  arch and policy discussions on tropical forest ecosystem services are currently happening in tw  r as a determinant of forest condition, market prices and benefit distribution, whilst rights-    sustainable and pro-poor governance of forest ecosystems and their services is to be achieved.  ile the supreme court has imposed a net present value charge on forest conversion, upstream and
10425	15	ns are concerned with the protection of natural habitats and species, for their intrinsic value  d the threat of global changes, such as climate change. until now, conservationists have been m  r a third strand of biodiversity called genetic diversity . genetic diversity can be found in a  biodiversity called genetic diversity . genetic diversity can be found in all species. it is va  e familial resemblance among relatives. genetic diversity is relevant to conservation in a numb  r of ways. firstly, many populations of endangered species are isolated and consist of small nu  ls. these populations often have little genetic variation, and this can hamper their ability to  anging environmental conditions through natural selection. adaptation is key to success in cons  ion under environmental changes such as climate change. secondly, small or isolated populations   inbred offspring that suffer immediate health problems. this can act as an additional burden o  this can act as an additional burden on endangered species, making their populations more diffi  rate these genetics problems into their action plans, because jargon and terminology in genetic  n programmes. firstly we will develop a working group consisting of geneticists and conservatio   and conservationists are aware of when genetic information is likely to be useful. secondly, w  , we will evaluate previously published genetic information to fill gaps in understanding, and
10990	15	ns are concerned with the protection of natural habitats and species, for their intrinsic value  d the threat of global changes, such as climate change. until now, conservationists have been m  r a third strand of biodiversity called genetic diversity . genetic diversity can be found in a  biodiversity called genetic diversity . genetic diversity can be found in all species. it is va  e familial resemblance among relatives. genetic diversity is relevant to conservation in a numb  r of ways. firstly, many populations of endangered species are isolated and consist of small nu  ls. these populations often have little genetic variation, and this can hamper their ability to  anging environmental conditions through natural selection. adaptation is key to success in cons  ion under environmental changes such as climate change. secondly, small or isolated populations   inbred offspring that suffer immediate health problems. this can act as an additional burden o  this can act as an additional burden on endangered species, making their populations more diffi  rate these genetics problems into their action plans, because jargon and terminology in genetic  n programmes. firstly we will develop a working group consisting of geneticists and conservatio   and conservationists are aware of when genetic information is likely to be useful. secondly, w  , we will evaluate previously published genetic information to fill gaps in understanding, and
11173	15	ns are concerned with the protection of natural habitats and species, for their intrinsic value  d the threat of global changes, such as climate change. until now, conservationists have been m  r a third strand of biodiversity called genetic diversity . genetic diversity can be found in a  biodiversity called genetic diversity . genetic diversity can be found in all species. it is va  e familial resemblance among relatives. genetic diversity is relevant to conservation in a numb  r of ways. firstly, many populations of endangered species are isolated and consist of small nu  ls. these populations often have little genetic variation, and this can hamper their ability to  anging environmental conditions through natural selection. adaptation is key to success in cons  ion under environmental changes such as climate change. secondly, small or isolated populations   inbred offspring that suffer immediate health problems. this can act as an additional burden o  this can act as an additional burden on endangered species, making their populations more diffi  rate these genetics problems into their action plans, because jargon and terminology in genetic  n programmes. firstly we will develop a working group consisting of geneticists and conservatio   and conservationists are aware of when genetic information is likely to be useful. secondly, w  , we will evaluate previously published genetic information to fill gaps in understanding, and
11167	4	c modelling is central to research into climate change and air quality. the description of chem  ral to research into climate change and air quality. the description of chemistry in these mode  surements of the kinetics of individual chemical reactions. for many years, expert scientists h  s will remove the possibility of manual typing errors and significantly speed up the process of
14830	4	nditions and seem to rise from parallel evolutionary processes in front of similar environmenta  us knowledge on genetic variability and population dynamics showed by the two endemic lacertid    lilfordi and podarcis pityusensis, our research project will include the study of genetic vari  hipelago. we will enlarge the available genetic information for the three species, including th
14831	4	itions and seems to raise from parallel evolutionary processes, in front of similar environment  us knowledge on genetic variability and population dynamics of the two endemic lacertid lizards   lilfordi and podarcis pityusensis, our research project will include the study of genetic vari  hipelago. we will enlarge the available genetic information for the three species, including th
13452	1	environmental schemes develop efficient conservation measures that both enhance biodiversity an
10649	12	pic scale in a soil, bacteria and their food source or oxygen supply, for example, are spatiall  soil, bacteria and their food source or oxygen supply, for example, are spatially separated, ev   densities of both. fortunately, recent technological advances allow us to unravel the physical  structure. examples include the role of metal complexes, oxides and clay minerals in the format  the role of metal complexes, oxides and clay minerals in the formation and stabilization of agg  rogress in our understanding of physico-chemical processes in soils. to date, our understanding  soil aggregates. advances in the use of x-ray ct, however, enable quantification of the interna  without physical disruption. similarly, chemical analyses often take place after homogenizing r  ion. similarly, chemical analyses often take place after homogenizing relatively large soil sam  l, we will make use of state of the art x-ray ct facilities to quantify the soil structure in s  d physical structure characterised with x-ray ct, and use statistical modelling to integrate in   soils and how this will be affected by climate change and soil management.
7461	2	at present there are a number of fixed point observatories that autonomously measure bio   objectives: 1: to enhance the existing deep ocean observatories thus forming a coherent europe
192	6	investigation of functionally important genetic variation linked to fitness related traits duri  on. the project combines both field and laboratory experiments and utilizes genetic linkage map  and laboratory experiments and utilizes genetic linkage mapping methodologies to identify and c  omic regions associated with viability, embryonic development rate, time of emergence, length a  aits would be of great significance for genetic diversity preservation efforts of wild salmonid  wide, especially in the light of active re-establishment efforts of previously extinct salmonid
14513	9	environment and sustainable use of the natural resources it is essential to develop methodolog  velop methodologies oriented to monitor ecosystem dynamics and sources of disturbances. it is c  al that these methodologies incorporate remote sensing as a source of synoptic and spatially ex  maging spectroscopy combined with other remote sensing information at several temporal, spatial  o slow changes derived from the natural ecosystem dynamics.the accomplishment of this project w  ical tools based on the exploitation of remote sensing data and their integration in geographic  a and their integration in geographical information systems , this is an area with high biodive   project will contribute to improve the park management tasks and will establish the base line   management tasks and will establish the base line for a future monitoring program.
15115	7	ly to have its most critical impacts on ecosystem structure and functioning through the interac  ean. fire regime is highly sensitive to climate change, land use and forest management. in medi   is highly sensitive to climate change, land use and forest management. in mediterranean region  nsitive to climate change, land use and forest management. in mediterranean regions, current ch  lity in the perturbation regime are the step forward. our main objective is to develop conceptu  accumulated practice on the response of bird species to fire regime in dynamic landscapes. thes  erent fire regimes of a number of focal bird species with different ecological and dispersal ca
14147	4	bines the possibilities of geographical information systems, forest growth models, remote sensi  ormation systems, forest growth models, remote sensing and field inspection. the methodology mu  ecords. thus, the basic components of a remote sensing supported continuous forest inventory sy  are: methods for atmospheric correction test sites of fao in estonia.
15200	3	analyzing inter - relationships between evolutionary processes and macroecological. the expecte  ity, allowing predicting the effects of climate change on biotic communities.   icting the effects of climate change on biotic communities.
7209	1	ake the nematodes as a unique model for biological research integrated ecological management: m
15082	4	and the lack of support to taxonomy in academic circles. undoubtedly, some problems are intrin   others; the increase of collections of genetic material, specimens, and sound recordings at th  ons of genetic material, specimens, and sound recordings at the mncn and other institutions; a   eptiles, which will be instrumental for conservation policies; and the enrichment of the debate
9882	5	across europe under the joint impact of climate change and human-induced shift in land use. one  imate change and human-induced shift in land use. one of the most spectacular change concerns t  t pertain to the impacts of climate and land use changes on biodiversity and to the conservatio  ugh alterations of seasonal patterns of land use, and active management of influential species.  t of influential species. together with policy makers and stakeholders, we will explore the eco
480	2	across europe under the joint impact of climate change and human-induced shift in land use. one  imate change and human-induced shift in land use. one of the most spectacular change concerns t
14623	3	yse the interacting effects of multiple stress factors on the diversity and production of ecosy  he nature of the interactive effects of ultraviolet radiation and nutrient pulsed inputs versus  nutrient pulsed inputs versus intensive experimental study at a chosen lake over a large tempor
2494	4	traditional ecological knowledge among present generations of nomads, and to what degree tek i  e same time they might represent unique genetic diversity which can be of high value for conser  limate. acacia will therefore study the genetic diversity of these populations. further, acacia  nt, and thereby of ecological and socio-economic change. since these trees can become several c
10105	5	ne benthic invertebrates have a complex life cycle with a planktonic larval phase and adult ben  ich may have important implications for local population dynamics. however, the way in which re  y have important implications for local population dynamics. however, the way in which recruitm  density dependence in controlling adult population dynamics under differing physical conditions  ult population dynamics under differing physical conditions over a range of temporal and spatia
13774	2	multimodal learning transferred between classical conditioning with constrained moths and instr  essential to comprehend how animals use sensory information. the project will also make it poss
13865	2	al landscapes have been drained to gain arable land. this has resulted in a severe loss of biod  roinvertebrate species composition, and microbial diversity, are investigated in 36 constructed
14153	10	the problem of environmental impacts on forest growth is important in   is rate can be also the result, not the primary cause of growth inhibition. in the case, when e  n environmental stress affects directly cell division, there will be probably less leaf area an  that direct and photosynthesis-mediated environmental impacts on plant growth can be separated   hotosynthesis and growth. previous year environmental impacts via bud formation, the formation   hambers help to make difference between environmental impacts occurring simultaneously in field   changes in xylem flux, photosynthesis, growth rate , carbohydrate accumulation and other physi  processes will be recorded. analysis of experimental data allows to decide about signifficance   decide about signifficance of different environmental impacts during predicted climate change.    environmental impacts during predicted climate change.
13826	2	project addresses interactions between deciduous trees in managed boreal forest and browsing b  ions between deciduous trees in managed boreal forest and browsing by large ungulates . specifi
430	1	angiosperms from freshwater to coastal marine environments. the changes in vegetation during t
9849	15	s, but the implications for the fate of chemical pollutants remain to be elucidated. furthermor   to be elucidated. furthermore, in many developing countries, untreated waste water is routinel  in many developing countries, untreated waste water is routinely discharged directly into surfa  els of suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand. however the implications of direct disch  ge conditions for the biodegradation of chemical pollutants is not known. the student will work  student will work with microbiologists, civil engineers and environmental modellers to elucidat  following hypotheses will be tested: 1. chemical pollutant distribution patterns within river s   modelling frameworks for developed and developing countries. the studentship provides inter-di  -disciplinary training in microbiology, molecular biology, environmental hydraulics and modelli  ronmental hydraulics and modelling. the industrial partner will provide funding to enable estab  ume experimental systems and the use of cutting edge techniques, including high throughput sequ  ng high throughput sequencing to assess microbial diversity. furthermore funds will be made ava   student to attend regular national and international conferences and to spend 6 months at unil   for training in exposure modelling and environmental risk assessment.   in exposure modelling and environmental risk assessment.
7696	3	re involved and in which several of the team members, including gessol - 'to the sustainable ma  ngements for sustainable development of rural areas or' engineering and environmental equivalen  h, ibis"integrate biodiversity into the operating systems,""experimental platforms on the borde
13800	4	ctive is to evaluate the possibility of biological control of phytophagous insects on willows b  potheses will be tested by means of one field study and two laboratory experiments. the major r  ted by means of one field study and two laboratory experiments. the major research within the p  tudent in collaboration with experts in plant ecology, mycology and entomology.
14852	3	ives, and autoecological studies in its natural habitat. besides, we have started the study of   e halophage communiity by analyzing its gene expression under different environmental condition  olling the interactions between natural microbial populations. finally, and as a extension of o
7204	3	impact of this landscape mosaic on the genetic diversity of natural populations of black popla  natural populations of black poplar and population trends of an associated pathogen melampsora   cial constructions of resistance in the host plant, emergence of new virulence and evolution of
14929	3	breeding, one of the hottest topics in evolutionary biology. in this call we regroup the resea  ry biology. in this call we regroup the research team incorporating two lecturers that were mai  molecular markers, hormone analyses and technological advances such as geolocators and micro ca
15194	4	n in evaluating disposal strategies for nuclear waste in deep geologic formations is the assess  deposits as host rock candidate for the radioactive waste repositories has been early and well   ock for the deep geological disposal of radioactive wastes. the specific objectives of this pro  ion of the structure and composition of microbial populations in the bentonite of the clay depo
13940	1	ip between the number of species and/or functional groups of wood decay fungi and the species p
7492	1	n will be propagated by cuttings of the host plant. the evolution of these populations will be
15500	8	er more than one continent. this raises interesting questions regarding the origin of these are  rding the origin of these areas and the evolutionary processes that rule these plants. currentl   in the light of the data obtained from molecular analyses, and, in spite of the numerous studi  e found in all continents and exhibit a wide range of distributional areas, since the subcosmop  uous areas are the cases of parallel of convergent evolution common in this group the studies c  a, have provided with a large number of case studies, on which we intend to use techniques of m  on which we intend to use techniques of molecular analysis to assess genetic variability and re  genetic variability and reconstruct the evolutionary history of this group. this will help to s
6863	5	ve shown the usability of laparoscopic, x-ray, ct and adna studies on them. with the study of a  era of extensive use of antibiotics and modern medicines, we aim to learn about polymorphism re  isease susceptibilities, and population genetic studies. with isolation of the archaic mummy sa  kers. as the selective effect of modern medical treatments did not affected this population, un  dy the real' interaction of genetic and environmental factors. that means a novelty in medical
11527	6	g the value of the services provided by natural resources, ecosystems and biodiversity. this is  ally not reflected in readily available market prices and, more fundamentally, because of a gen  ring together the natural, economic and social science necessary to develop the methods and res   renowned team of natural, economic and social scientists who have an established track record   cial scientists who have an established track record of high quality research both as individua  individuals and collaboratively ; theme position papers and reports intended for various audien
1949	1	be characterised by the density of the standing crop in a patch, are extremely rare. the propo
11211	1	f its strengths while learning from the international community, to make it a more complete pla
10707	7	not only the representation of complex physical processes in climate system models but couplin   with climate. additionally, the global research community will require components that allow i  t allow interactions between policy and decision making with environmental and climate consider  the future of earth system modeling. an important element will be including participants from d  ent will be including participants from developing countries to both contribute their expertise  e environments, as well as to build the human resources in important regions of the globe for f  portant regions of the globe for future science projects.
7378	2	to measure the real impact of these new intellectual property rights in the domestic economy, r  e real impact of these new intellectual property rights in the domestic economy, research in pl
12614	4	the regimes work in practice, including funding sources. the specific countries will include th  ractice, including funding sources. the specific countries will include the uk; usa; canada; re   and the role of devolving case-by-case decision making to a regulator. to estimate the effecti  rent this means is and how the countrys modus operandi is perceived internally and by external
6956	3	to be a process that allows horizontal gene transfer and thus may have a significant impact on  ces sensu stricto group is an excellent experimental model system for studying the hybridisatio  f two or more species. now we propose a research project to elucidate the mechanism hybrids and
15089	4	stems of europe and its conservation is top priority. behind its ecological importance are the    ecosystem. these insects are a diverse functional group and are sensitive to any alteration of  stems and for the development of viable conservation measures. bearing this information in mind  servation purposes. for this purpose, a national park with mediterranean mature forests has bee
10938	2	ine signals of dominant lobsters and to biogenic amines. the behaviour of a mixed-species group  analysed in a large tank simulating the natural habitat to investigate if h. gammarus females a
10777	2	st mosquito larvae. it has an excellent safety record, it does not harm humans, animals or bene   many benefits for the ability of bt to control pests. preliminary data in my laboratory sugges
11165	2	st mosquito larvae. it has an excellent safety record, it does not harm humans, animals or bene   many benefits for the ability of bt to control pests. preliminary data in my laboratory sugges
14502	2	the main interpopulation variations in life history characteristics of the spur-thighed tortoi  ts of such interpopulation variation in life history. the framewok of this project are the stud
10623	2	ct will establish and verify the use of amino acid specific stable isotope enrichments in dieta   between most vertebrate members of the forest ecosystem and start testing specific hypotheses
11094	1	group and her young are reared by other group members, variation in breeding success among fema
15067	3	g of these genes and the study of their genetic diversity, the genetic recombination analysis,   e study of their genetic diversity, the genetic recombination analysis, the allelic profile obt   aeromonas genus, whose repercussion in public health remains undetermined.
10993	1	nding of the regulation of conflicts in cooperative societies.
2512	7	rsal physiological mechanism underlying trade-offs such as the cost of reproduction. in this pr   oxidative stress constraints the field metabolic rate and mediates the cost of reproduction, u  tput will be recorded during subsequent breeding seasons. by this approach we will be able to d  e able to determine the relationship of metabolic rate and oxidative stress, and fitness conseq   stress related effects from effects of metabolic rate on oxidative status and telomere length.  omprises a strong collaboration between research institutes in norway, the us and the uk, provi   basis of the evolution of life-history trade-offs.
7280	2	d results are a better knowledge of the evolutionary history of the region and the life history  lutionary history of the region and the life history traits of taxa that inhabit
15322	5	y mechanistic processes that may enable invasive species to establish in the face of novel envi  eir introduction. the ongoing spread of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems calls for an urg  will measure the response of native and invasive species, both in terms of survival and in diff  terms of survival and in differences of gene expression. furthermore, we propose to characteris  n in the wild and measure the levels of gene expression of genes such as the prophenoloxidase w
2070	1	the north american aquatic plant
2040	2	we want to develop and test a simple conceptual model of invasions of marine exotic species.  conceptual model of invasions of marine exotic species. this model considers only one donor reg
7564	1	the introduction by man parasitoids for biological control, and will aim to understand the gene
7602	3	models are based on the study of socio- ecosystem dynamics to check that the proposed managemen  ticipatory management support prototype national parks simparc. this tool, type of serious game   engineering in 2009 adequate computer: computer games distributed roles, environmental simulat
15578	2	omic valuation. studies will eventually take place in europe and the us to investigate how law   he use of economic valuation of b&es in natural resources management policies, especially for m
15254	1	invasive introduced species are a huge environmental issue, particularly in freshwater ecosyst
12151	1	eptible to invasions. the distribution, ecological niche, the impact on the biota, habitats and
14279	1	orly known. also the way changes in the global climate will affect invasions is not well unders
7176	1	an approach which assigns, rightly, the invasive species qualifier aboriginal and especially th
7185	1	native of the island of java, the cattle tick rhipicephalus. together with the evolution
7180	5	imifolia were found mainly in reedbeds, natural habitats of high ecological value. Moreover, ou  . Moreover, our study suggests a strong growth rate of the population and an effective long-ran  raged to analyze issues before only for life sciences. concerning the study of c. selloana and   he management of these two species, and invasive species in general what their words and attitu  at the public knows or does not know of invasive species our sociological research is based on
13594	1	lassified as a nuisance alga, almost no research effort has to date been focused on this specie
15316	2	invasive species can pose a major threat to the biotic   establishment and eventual expansion of invasive species in aquatic systems are not well unders
10497	2	natural enemies that differ markedly in life history strategies. using mathematical and statist   dimensionality of the system, reducing competitive pressure and promoting coexistence; those t
10580	2	natural enemies that differ markedly in life history strategies. using mathematical and statist   dimensionality of the system, reducing competitive pressure and promoting coexistence; those t
10996	2	natural enemies that differ markedly in life history strategies. using mathematical and statist   dimensionality of the system, reducing competitive pressure and promoting coexistence; those t
7183	1	oid of species associated with pine and cedar trees seem to accelerate their expansion at the e
7243	1	f biodiversity after the disturbance of natural habitats. their impact is on different levels:
15331	1	exotic invasive species assessing the impacts of exotic trees
7162	1	ry of endemism. tags: drosophila model, invasive species, ecological intraspecific divergence,
10011	4	emerging infectious diseases have far-reaching consequences for   . spatial epidemiological training will take place in collaboration with imperial college. as p  rial college. as part of their personal development plan, the student will also be required to    those dealing with research design and data analysis, science communication, personal developm
14841	10	next years. the population genetics of invasive species has been relatively unexplored, even t  success and provides important data for risk assessment. the eastern mosquitofish . ongoing res   assessment. the eastern mosquitofish . ongoing research suggests geographical differences in l  ambusia populations, but information on genetic diversity of those populations is still lacking  acking. the specific objectives of this research project are: 1- to develop dna based molecular  ers in gambusia hoolbroki to assess the genetic diversity in introduced and original gambusia p   identify dispersal routes used by this invasive species. 3- to assess the effect of hydrologic  opulation biology of mosquitofish along river basins. 4- to correlate genetic and ecological va  e integrated analyses of ecological and genetic diversity among mosquitofish populations. scien  rol of gambusia and other nonindigenous freshwater fish invasions, as well as the protection of
14840	2	invasive species are the second threat to diversity aft   river zonation and water regime on the life history and the population ecology of mosquitofish
7018	1	s of pharmaceuticals and mycotoxins, as biological control agents of plant pathogenic fungi, an
12477	2	develop a data framework to identify a wide range of social and economic ‘evidence relevant to  re the reviewed inventory of social and economic data in england with current and future data a
2199	1	important as a dispersing phase in the life history of the species in question, though the fin
10024	4	natural selection is best known from the response of or  to anthropogenic change-melanization of peppered moths after industrialization, resistance to i  o insecticides after spraying with ddt, antibiotic resistance in bacteria. natural selection, o  ddt, antibiotic resistance in bacteria. natural selection, of course, happens in response to na
11314	4	natural selection is best known from the response of or  to anthropogenic change-melanization of peppered moths after industrialization, resistance to i  o insecticides after spraying with ddt, antibiotic resistance in bacteria. natural selection, o  ddt, antibiotic resistance in bacteria. natural selection, of course, happens in response to na
2481	4	northern coastal ecosystems are experiencing environmental pertu  rturbations due to changing climate and human activities like harvesting and aquaculture. the p  re. the project is aimed to investigate ecosystem structure and dynamics using ecosystem models   to spatial and temporal variability in coastal ecosystems.
11624	1	each site, to determine the effects of climate change during the height of the last glaciation
10491	7	the sun s energy to combine atmospheric carbon dioxide habitats as these are considered to be t  d quality affect the fate of c and n in marine sediments. this will be used to produce a mathem  diments. this will be used to produce a mathematical model that is capable of predicting the qu  d quality of pom. this will represent a significant step towards being able to accurately repre  ble to accurately represent the role of marine sediments in global climate models.   present the role of marine sediments in global climate models.    the role of marine sediments in global climate models.
12552	1	using the same markers to determine the genetic diversity present. to investigate resistance, c
10605	7	eir distributions in response to recent climate warming. thus, any changes in species host plan  e warming. thus, any changes in species host plant preferences which increase habitat availabil   also increase species ability to track climate change. however, such changes have rarely been   rfly oviposition preferences and larval host plant performance across an expanding range margin  different temperatures and on different host plants to investigate potential interactive effect  ential interactive effects on butterfly life history traits. it will determine whether such eff   observed in some species during recent climate warming.
11542	7	e of the most significant events in the evolutionary history of life, but the mechanism by whic   event was the result of numerous small evolutionary changes or relatively few large-scale ones  sibilities, but unfortunately the early fossil records of most groups are apparently quite inco  g high-resolution micro-ct scanning and computer software to generate 3-d virtual fossils . in   tion with images obtained from scanning electron microscopy, this approach will allow previousl  relationships and mode of life of these extinct animals. the development of living echinoderms   s of deep, fundamental events in animal evolutionary history. ultimately, this research aims to
10124	2	pahs are natural components of fossil fuels, and are classified as priority persistent  h at uoe that has begun to elucidate na catabolic pathways. a key project output is to identify
12563	3	of eels from different habitats across river basins; investigate relationships between habitat  t of models from data-rich to data-poor river basins. key customer purpose: further our underst   ability to model eel production across river basins and transporting the model application fro
13876	1	along natural successional gradients in boreal forest archipelagos of northern sweden. the isla
11349	3	ave contributed to glacial-interglacial climate change by modulating oceanic nutrient inventori  al production in the ocean, and on what time scales . the principal objective of this internati   on glacial-interglacial and millennial time scales, using foraminiferal delta 18o stratigraphy
10860	3	ng increasingly recognised as having an important role in the evolution of new species and even  t nuclear genes, and this may allow the evolutionary history of which species have hybridised t  of each species has been doubled in its evolutionary history.
11189	3	ng increasingly recognised as having an important role in the evolution of new species and even  t nuclear genes, and this may allow the evolutionary history of which species have hybridised t  of each species has been doubled in its evolutionary history.
12344	2	n and implementation of mpas and marine conservation zones under the new marine acts for scotla  nd the requirements for the survival of marine mammals will inform marine planning decisions.
6911	5	mmatory myopathies consists of systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by symmetrical weakne  enes of the mhc are among the strongest genetic markers associated with autoimmune diseases. in  rongest genetic markers associated with autoimmune diseases. in caucasian patients with differe  ted. furthermore, with the simultaneous gene expression profiling of muscle bioptic samples and  , reflecting the in situ, intramuscular gene expression pattern can be determined. the advantag
6965	2	the most dangerous disease of potato is late blight caused by the pathogen phytophtora infestan  g of new varieties having resistance to late blight.
6814	2	end of the 1990s. still, few hungarian case studies have been performed on small mammal commun  ded as relict populations from the last glacial periods presenting the most southern distributi
14445	5	cal application as indicator groups for long term monitoring of the biodiversity for assessment  to protect the environment. for example live traps, fixatives like propylenglycol and so on. we   of methods and techniques of field and laboratory work. they will be trained on work in a team  ll be trained on work in a team in real working environment. they will acquire basic skills in   of the scientific data and in preparing scientific publications. local people knowledge about s
12622	5	reducing or stopping ghg emissions. the laboratory study will feed into a field trial of the mo  . the laboratory study will feed into a field trial of the most promising restoration measures.  he most promising restoration measures. field trials will be carried out at the same location f  d experiments will exploit ongoing peat restoration work by the national trust, establishing co  o allow for inter-annual variability in weather conditions, with supporting measurements includ
11451	1	which documentary data exists, offers a unique opportunity to study and record the skeletal cha
14111	1	le hypotheses, as well as retracing the evolutionary history of rsh proteins and providing insi
13379	2	n, conservation and characterization of cherry laurel local population and varieties will be ca  n and characterization of cherry laurel local population and varieties will be carried out.
6864	6	ction of several genes and in addition, environmental factors are also important for its manife  e developed disease, or for identifying new drug targets, it is necessary to know the genes pla  veloped disease, or for identifying new drug targets, it is necessary to know the genes playing  literature, for selecting genes playing important roles in asthma. we search for sirna able to   ly the expression of the given genes in cell cultures and in vivo in the lungs of mice, then th  r effects will be tested in our in vivo animal model of asthma.
2505	2	ped by swedish partners and tested in a pilot study. the proposed project is a cooperation betw  ratory, and the greenland institute for natural resources. the results are expected to be usefu
13385	1	-sea region, to collect in the field of gene bank through propagation of the selected types and
168	1	not been considered in common models of population dynamics. in addition to this general biolog
10126	6	production of nitrous oxide soil inoculated with aob and nob strains   ing a combination of 15n-isotopomer and real time molecular approaches. this project will provi   provide the student with training in a wide range of analytical techniques, including analysis  tical techniques, including analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and microbiolo  icrobiological techniques, as well as a wide range of soil physical and chemical analyses. the   ll as a wide range of soil physical and chemical analyses. the student will obtain training in
217	3	been discussed without agreement since first half of 19th century. the proposed signaling func  heterogeneous habitat complex. our main working hypothesis is that calcium deficiency in the br  ex. our main working hypothesis is that calcium deficiency in the breeding environment will res
10715	5	ecies. it was recently suggested in the high profile journal science that because microbes are   ts of diatoms biology to the pattern of genetic variation within and between their populations;   in the water column. i will relate the genetic information collected in the testing of the dis  othesis to information related to their life cycles. very few previous such studies have been c  e half of the oxygen we breathe, play a vital role in controlling climate, and are very importa
10396	10	sea ice is found in frozen polar seas and covers approx  trated as brines within channels in the sea ice. these brine channels provide a habitat for a h  particularly single celled algae. their biological activity results in high amounts of dissolve  ty results in high amounts of dissolved organic matter being produced in the brine channels, an  s. it has been found that the dissolved organic compounds in sea ice consist primarily of large  that the dissolved organic compounds in sea ice consist primarily of large polysaccharide molec  surrounding a cell. it is throught that sea ice eps help prevent freezing damage and exclude th  l composition of eps taken from various sea ice samples collected during 2004-05 in the antarct   the salinity increases, and what those chemical changes are. this information with help scient  cture can be modified to provide useful environmental protection. these results will also be in
10798	1	ial process of denitrification produces nitrous oxide , and is therefore hypothesised to result
11499	5	darwin s theory of natural selection predicts that organisms should act se  eneration as possible. the evolution of social behaviour is a paradox because it requires that   al societies has been a major focus for evolutionary biologists ever since darwin. a leading ex  ther it can be explained in terms of an insurance policy. social insect is much quicker and les   in stock and shares at a time when the global economy is in turmoil. in a similar way, social
11127	2	rvation of biodiversity. it will inform policy makers of the impacts of pollutant n loading and  pact on ecosystems and better establish critical loads . the mechanistic understanding will als
11341	4	address the evolution of virulence and host range in insect-specific baculoviruses. genetic ex  owever, is not supported by significant experimental data, other than by inference from genome   . genes from a baculovirus with a broad host range will be introduced into a baculovirus with a  oduced into a baculovirus with a narrow host range. the viability and fitness of the resulting
10448	2	thereby coupling planktonic and benthic food webs. here, we specifically address the hypothesis  ction in water clarity and depletion of organic matter in sediments in line with the reported e
15080	1	t that we humans have endured along our evolutionary history tell us about our own capability t
13522	5	den hold a high proportion of temperate deciduous trees, e.g. oak and beech, which host many re  ted for these species to survive in the long run – that there is a so called ‘extinction debt.   ever weak, probably because data of the long term historical occurrence of threatened species a  his project we will study two temperate deciduous forest hotspots in southern sweden, and the s  on the historical forest composition. a pilot study from one of the hotspots, siggaboda, gives
14618	1	oject aims at determining the degree of intraspecific competition for food in several breeding
10679	1	every year thousands of green turtles . we will test the idea that turtles use
10170	3	-ecological conditions under which each animal species operates. but there are many cases in wh  there is preliminary evidence that some island populations of bumblebees, bombus terrestris, ha  ny other species of social bee. in this pilot study, we wish to perform intracellular recording
10955	1	me will make it possible for subsequent research projects to obtain and process previously uncu
10805	28	scientists to collect information about climate change, in response to growing public concerns    climate change, in response to growing public concerns about issues such as global warming and  ng public concerns about issues such as global warming and the hole in earth s ozone layer. sin   global warming and the hole in earth s ozone layer. since then, the panel s major findings hav  gs have shown that air temperatures and sea levels are rising faster than can be explained thro  are a likely factor. earths present-day climate changes are closely related to the ice frozen i  lts and drains into the oceans, causing sea level rise. the costs of this simple relationship c  ce frozen in antarctica to raise global sea levels by 65 m if it were to rapidly melt, a change  s including london. some of the fastest climate changes on earth have taken place at the antarc  st 100 years. perhaps the most dramatic climate changes ever witnessed have occurred during the  , giant sections of the floating larsen ice shelf - larsen-a and /b, each about the size of cor  catastrophic, and are probably the only natural disaster ever to be understated in a hollywood   been revealed where the floating larsen ice shelf used to exist, and glaciers inland of these b  alving enough extra ice to raise global sea levels by 0.1 mm each year. although this amount se  are now concerned about the much larger ice field upstream of the remaining larsen-c section, w  ich contains enough ice to raise global sea levels by over 50 mm. that ice would be seriously a  oration, to solve the mystery of larsen ice shelf collapses. our measurements will identify whe  ensitive radar system / similar to road speed cameras - to measure extremely slow changes in th  o measure extremely slow changes in the ice shelf thickness of about 0.1 mm per hour. we will a  lso drill through the top layers of the ice shelf and extract cores of ice, which, like tree ri  f and extract cores of ice, which, like tree rings, tell us how climate has changed over the pa  ell us how climate has changed over the past century. when combined with new satellite measurem  surements of ice flow and thinning, our field measurements will allow us to detect whether the   r the ocean beneath the floating larsen ice shelf is warmer than expected, or whether summertim  es has been identified, we will build a computer model of the ice shelf to investigate how it m  , we will build a computer model of the ice shelf to investigate how it might fracture in the f  fy the cause of the catastrophic larsen ice shelf collapses in 1995 and 2002. they will also de  of all, we will predict how fast global sea levels will rise if the larsen-c collapses at some
10406	1	hen such systems are unavailable to the general public is when they develop a pea-green soup ap
10330	1	new developments in 2d micron-scale measurements in sed
11511	1	new developments in 2d micron-scale measurements in sed
6941	2	i carried out in two previous hungarian research fund projects. in 2001-2004 i investigated the  e enchytraeid fauna of the northeastern mountain range, in 2005-2008 the transdanubian mountain
10879	5	he 1860 s and later around 1910 yielded skeletal remains of the extinct dodo. this is the only   s to collect from the site prior to its commercial development, and during the initial phase of  ritius during the 16th century and in a short time both the dodo raphus and the tortoise cylind  red. other fauna has also vanished, but documentary evidence for the presence of small vertebra  cal style excavation prior to the sites commercial development, and grab collecting during the
10568	1	ption of atmospheric trace gases in the sea surface microlayer under defined experimental condi
11325	1	ption of atmospheric trace gases in the sea surface microlayer under defined experimental condi
11856	1	ption of atmospheric trace gases in the sea surface microlayer under defined experimental condi
11695	6	fit some stakeholders more than others. decision making in ecosystem management is likely to in   ecological tradeoffs between competing environmental services, to support ecosystem conservati  fairly and includes all stakeholders in decision making. the proposed research serves the overa  ndent upon ecosystem services living in developing countries. equitable distribution will stren   dependent on these services. inclusive decision making in ecosystem management will allow part  nisations implementing conservation and development projects in the three sites of yunnan, oris
2173	4	the laminaria hyperborea kelp forests and its associated biodiversity are under   r pressure by kelp trawling, grazing by sea urchins, changing climate interactions and develop   tions and develop predictive models for kelp forest structure and its associated species along   ave exposure models. a set of candidate statistical models will be developed using generalised
14907	3	r plants, and herbivory at a medium and long term, b to study plant species dynamic, trying to    these objectives the group counts with long term data sets from three field experiments, two o  nse of ecosystem components with a slow turnover rates. long data series also allow us to study
7395	1	digestion and energy metabolism in the animal kingdom, this project aims to study, crassostrea
11009	6	ition despite its chronological age the evolutionary theory of ageing answers this question wit  ry of ageing answers this question with natural selection. accidents inevitably ensure that the   make a smaller genetic contribution to future generations. in turn, this means that natural se  e generations. in turn, this means that natural selection values them less highly, or, put anot  y, or, put another way, that genes with harmful effects are less strongly selected against in o  ocial effects. normally an individual s death benefits only the unrelated conspecifics who gain
11232	6	ition despite its chronological age the evolutionary theory of ageing answers this question wit  ry of ageing answers this question with natural selection. accidents inevitably ensure that the   make a smaller genetic contribution to future generations. in turn, this means that natural se  e generations. in turn, this means that natural selection values them less highly, or, put anot  y, or, put another way, that genes with harmful effects are less strongly selected against in o  ocial effects. normally an individual s death benefits only the unrelated conspecifics who gain
14666	5	and obviously to the spanish fauna. the research team counts on the collaboration of the repute  r. r. p. higgins, . modern and specific research techniques and procedures will be applied to t  iption of species, such as the nomarski interference microscopy, the scanning electron microsco  i interference microscopy, the scanning electron microscopy and the computer-assisted image ana   the meiofauna in spain, a poorly known research field which is revealing as a cornerstone in t
15175	5	s from an ecological point of view. the research team counts on the collaboration of reputed sp  s. r. p. higgins, . modern and specific research techniques and procedures will be applied to t  iption of species, such as the nomarski interference microscopy, the scanning electron microsco  i interference microscopy, the scanning electron microscopy and the computer-assisted image ana   the meiofauna in spain, a poorly known research field which is revealing as a cornerstone in t
13343	7	rvices is well advanced in the european scientific community, as demonstrated by many excellent  dge is accessible and that all existing biodiversity research communities and other knowledge h  ible and that all existing biodiversity research communities and other knowledge holders are in  her knowledge holders are involved in a network structure that is linked to decision making bod  n a network structure that is linked to decision making bodies. the overall objective of the pr   of project management, and will ensure international cooperation and the proper communication   otential clients of the network and the research community.
7219	1	are experiencing strong degradation of natural habitats, undisturbed forests representing only
12423	6	cale and within member states exclusive economic zones . key customer purpose: the work funded   the ospar region, covering for example: marine mammals; cold water ecology and biodiversity; an  , covering for example: marine mammals; cold water ecology and biodiversity; and, socio-economi  er ecology and biodiversity; and, socio-economic factors involved in wind farm development. the  and, socio-economic factors involved in wind farm development. the assessment toolbox - develop  liason groups and a mult-sector project advisory board - will be used to model the economic and
7468	2	through the fp6 european lifestyles and marine ecosystems project, augmented with necessary new  heries and maritime industries - in eez case studies - will provide a basis for assessing chang
459	1	re subject to an intense degradation of natural habitats, undisturbed forests representing only
10544	2	om exposure to pharmaceuticals into the pharmaceutical industry. it will further facilitate an   ractical research needs of the chemical/pharmaceutical industry.
7015	16	the microbial food web plays a central role in most aquatic systems,            the microbial food web plays a central role in most aquatic systems, with on average 4  arctic, the importance of the microbial food web is greatest during in the fall and winter, whe  n primary production is minimal and the food web is net heterotrophic. the central question of    the food web is net heterotrophic. the central question of the proposal is, to what degree is   sal is, to what degree is the microbial food web in the antarctic connected to the classic food   the antarctic connected to the classic food web, and what is the role of biodiversity in modul  m. in less productive systems, moderate predation pressure will have less of a positive impact   hile at very low productivity, the same predation pressure may actually reduce biodiversity. it  tions between the microbial and classic food webs, with changing biomass in upper trophic level  lagellates or bacteria of the microbial food web. preliminary work by the applicant showed that  o test these hypotheses during the late austral summer and early fall, as primary productivity   ty to be measured over a broad range of predation pressures. biodiversity will be measured with  ty on biodiversity within the microbial food web can be examined. the proposed experiments will  nsight on how the microbial and classic food webs in the antarctic are connected, on how krill   d, on how krill larvae use hetrotrophic food sources at times of declining primary productivity
14599	1	ng the wide information obtained by the research group and completing that matters which are le
10033	7	long term records of atmospheric radiocarbon provide a   heric radiocarbon record is provided by tree rings and is considered to be based on terrestrial  e based on terrestrial material, mostly deciduous tree leaf fossils which are free from marine   so produce quantitatively reconstructed climate changes of the monsoon regions for the last 150  e last 150,000 yeas using high or ultra-high resolution pollen records. the profile will be est  nderstanding past changes in the global carbon cycle. the project will also contribute to hypot   testing about the causal mechanisms of climate change, especially concerning the relative timi
10783	7	long term records of atmospheric radiocarbon provide a   heric radiocarbon record is provided by tree rings and is considered to be based on terrestrial  e based on terrestrial material, mostly deciduous tree leaf fossils which are free from marine   so produce quantitatively reconstructed climate changes of the monsoon regions for the last 150  e last 150,000 yeas using high or ultra-high resolution pollen records. the profile will be est  nderstanding past changes in the global carbon cycle. the project will also contribute to hypot   testing about the causal mechanisms of climate change, especially concerning the relative timi
11559	7	long term records of atmospheric radiocarbon provide a   heric radiocarbon record is provided by tree rings and is considered to be based on terrestrial  e based on terrestrial material, mostly deciduous tree leaf fossils which are free from marine   so produce quantitatively reconstructed climate changes of the monsoon regions for the last 150  e last 150,000 yeas using high or ultra-high resolution pollen records. the profile will be est  nderstanding past changes in the global carbon cycle. the project will also contribute to hypot   testing about the causal mechanisms of climate change, especially concerning the relative timi
10751	5	he distribution and diversity of mobile genetic elements, primarily temperate phages, in a popu  te on lytic phages and their effects on population dynamics. however, temperate phages, where l  of this family. others maintain plasmid copy number and eliminate chromosome dimers, modulate s  toring transfer and evolution of mobile genetic elements. we will ask the following questions:   ationship between such phages and other genetic elements priest pot will be used as the experim
11475	5	he distribution and diversity of mobile genetic elements, primarily temperate phages, in a popu  te on lytic phages and their effects on population dynamics. however, temperate phages, where l  of this family. others maintain plasmid copy number and eliminate chromosome dimers, modulate s  toring transfer and evolution of mobile genetic elements. we will ask the following questions:   ationship between such phages and other genetic elements priest pot will be used as the experim
2171	2	we will use the framework of current food web theory for elucidating two likely cascading ec  ion on vulnerable wildlife as well as a negative feedback on reindeer productivity though calf
7259	2	the first results obtained on aquatic food web freshwater antilles to show that it is based a  tions and the first results obtained on carbon sources used by the species in the course of a w
13984	6	s develop in freshwater but spend their adult life on land feeding, mating, dispersing or paras  sed as model organisms. they develop in running waters and adult females of 90% of the swedish   sms. they develop in running waters and adult females of 90% of the swedish species require a b  of 90% of the swedish species require a blood meal to develop eggs. when rivers are regulated f  habitats are destroyed, this provides a unique opportunity, as a large-scale experiment, to ass  cts on terrestrial herbivores and their host plants. whether blackflies contribute to pollinati
2471	2	o a wider field of social relations and social change. secondly, it is an aim to explore in wha  des of distributing rights of access to natural resources - and the manner in which they are pr
2525	7	rovide us vital information to evaluate conservation efforts. by sampling primarily within the   forts. by sampling primarily within the nature reserves present in norway, the survey will yiel  le data for evaluation of migration and gene flow among these populations, as well as estimatio  in these fragmented populations. danish field trials have implicated a genetic component in hos  ty to ash dieback is related to certain family groups. identification of such superior families   we will also develop a high-throughput diagnostic assay for detection of the fungus in disease  sustainable management plans for ash in nature reserves in norway. in conclusion, the project w
2543	7	today, red deer is the most abundant large wild grazing herbiv  e generally not feasible within regular research project funding. large efforts and investments  dy been made in experimental design and data collection which will benefit the current project.  ures of deer that cannot be attained by experimental data alone. detailed sampling of vegetatio   as well as key plant species will have time series of 10 years in 2011. the combination of an   10 years in 2011. the combination of an experimental study design and a gradient approach is on   grazing. this will include analysis of population dynamics of a dominant and ecological import
2519	5	nature resource management is often characterised with high le  ational level in management and between interest groups in interpreation of sustainable develop   includes a post doctor fellowship. the research group is mulit-disiplinary. in the empirical r   local management of protected areas in mountain regions in norway. the cases will be compared   cles, popular articles, training of all user groups and students as well as arrangement of/part
2155	1	e propose to further develop two unique experimental studies in contrasting alpine ecosystems g
2544	1	ctive of international institutions and international law, it will focus on issues of particula
2520	7	derstand the functional significance of red deer migration for an invasive species, the tick, a  gnificance of red deer migration for an invasive species, the tick, and vice versa at the altit  he altitudinal colonization border. the red deer are currently regarded a keystone herbivore al   well understood. seasonal migration by red deer may potentially play a key role for tick distr  tion by red deer may potentially play a key role for tick distribution. equally true, the role   o migratory behavior and performance of red deer. this will give important insight into distrib  bution of ticks and a potential role of red deer to serve as vector of ticks and their diseases
2521	3	ufficient to face challenges related to land use and development. the project focuses on and re  ns can be a toolbox in more sustainable natural resource management.   e a toolbox in more sustainable natural resource management.
2545	7	tropical rainforest plays a key role in our climate and needs to be protected. norw   an important task. however, persistent cloud cover in the tropics often prevent reliable monit  new methods using cloud-penetrating sar satellite imagery to detect deforestation and forest de  gradation. norut is involved in several tropical forest monitoring projects are in orbit. we wi  will collect historical optical and sar satellite data, analyzed satellite products, wall-to-wa  establish statistical relationships and look-up tables. these will then serve to develop new de  l workshops are planned in the involved developing countries.
2540	4	various management tools and economic incentives have been used  grated approach, scientists focus their data collection on precisely the information expected t  ell as population models, it provides a unique opportunity to choose the best among available m  political-administrative feasibility of setting up an adaptive management framework will be eva
2524	8	in spite of extensive amount of forest biodiversity research in fennoscandia, the exact mechan  es, and the effects of forestry are the primary cause of species becoming threatened. we plan t  ve and have not responded negatively to forest management and fragmentation. the ecology and di  tion needs and the prediction of future population trends. such information is critical for the  entifically informed and cost-effective conservation measures. we will study the occurrence of    examine the variation in intraspecific genetic diversity and its effects to the viability of p  as state-of-the-art expertise in fungal molecular biology. the project takes advantage of the o   advantage of the ongoing revolution in molecular biology and sequencing technology, which enab
2523	1	there is an urgent need for long-term biodiversity data to assist i
13571	5	changes in land use have dramatically changed species composition   farinosa to examine factors maintaining genetic variation in morphology and life history, and h  ing genetic variation in morphology and life history, and how genetic composition influences th  the effects of physical environment and land use on intensity of biotic interactions, selection  differentiation in plant morphology and life history. the effects of genetic composition and bi
2074	4	ps between human use of forest, natural ecosystem dynamics, biodiversity, ecosystem function, a  ystem function, and long-term change of forest ecosystems are complex and occur at different sp  ogy, population biology, economics, and stake holder involvement. observationally and experimen  formation on long-term natural changes, human settlement, timber logging, grazing pressure, eco
2087	4	ps between human use of forest, natural ecosystem dynamics, biodiversity, ecosystem function, a  ystem function, and long-term change of forest ecosystems are complex and occur at different sp  ogy, population biology, economics, and stake holder involvement. observationally and experimen  formation on long-term natural changes, human settlement, timber logging, grazing pressure, eco
13986	3	past land use and spatial pattern affect present plant biodi  disciplinary project covering human and physical geography, systems ecology and more empirical   e is to understand how past and present land use influence species diversity and dispersal in p
15458	2	ng is an ecologically important type of land use, since it facilitates the maintenance of appro  nces, and also in the species' internal gene flows.
12610	4	he relative economic, environmental and social costs and benefits may or may not be suitable to  on contaminated land, rather than using heavy engineering solutions. for example, land use rest  avy engineering solutions. for example, land use restrictions might be applied to ensure a site  ded benefits in terms of costs or wider environmental impacts they could bring. this will be us
12638	8	the landis, or land information system, reference site is a national enviro  erence site is a national environmental information system and spatial data infrastructure cont  range of stakeholders in the public and private sectors. landis comprises the hardware, softwar  hardware, software, datasets, metadata, supporting documents and experienced personnel to manag  greement. the primary objective of this research project is to sustain the landis reference sit  e tasks including: database management; computer systems management; dissemination activities a  ieved through the provision of a secure information base capable of interrogation for national   of the landis reference site is for the public good. it will assist government in meeting its r
15032	3	s still ambiguous and unable to provide general rules explaining how ecosystems response to lan  arger population isolation and stronger edge effects, would affect negatively the functioning o  actions and generate negative trends in population dynamics. the projected research involves tw
439	5	the growing awareness of the adverse effects of habitat fragmentation on natural sys   cost distance modelling value for each land use type, we calibrated the model by confronting m  adows but no value was selected for the urban area. the validation stage shows that the migrati  cted for the urban area. the validation stage shows that the migration area has a good predicti  cape matrix and the configuation of all land use types.
10411	11	rely more on agriculture. agricultural land use interacts in important ways with landscape str  ways with landscape structure. managing land use in agricultural landscapes to provide sufficie  ed on intensification and unsustainable land use practices would be difficult. tremendous resea  ractices would be difficult. tremendous research effort is needed to understand how practices c   provide vital habitats and alternative food sources for beneficial insects within the agricult  cts of landscape diversity as driven by land use choices, on the provision of key es that suppo   and how those effects are channeled to human welfare and poverty reduction outcomes, and to pr  c, evidence-based decisions on managing land use in agricultural landscapes that explicitly acc   poverty reduction. the landscape-scale land use perspective to es management is of particular   t of the poverty is concentrated in its rural population and the agricultural ecosystems face t  d sustainability while decreasing their environmental impact and ecosystem degradation.
10123	17	logical systems under environmental and social change. if we are properly to predict the intera  tiurt system provides an unusually good case study for examining these issues. a biodiversity o  h is an understanding of the effects of climate change on landscape dynamics and the population  te change on landscape dynamics and the population dynamics and movement of the flagship specie  tial and quantifiable environmental and social change but the system itself is relatively homog  t 30 years, linked to environmental and social changes in the region. - to use data on individu  patterns to examine mechanisms by which climate warming and landscape change could influence sa   these models to predict the effects of climate change and gas exploration on rangeland conditi  edict the effects of climate change and gas exploration on rangeland condition and saiga distri  certainties and ecological and economic trade-offs involved in biodiversity offsetting in the r  c programme. it examines the effects of climate change and human activities on a migratory spec  mines the effects of climate change and human activities on a migratory species, casting light   llectually, therefore, it stands at the cutting edge of biological and interdisciplinary resear  s at the cutting edge of biological and interdisciplinary research. this case study is a partic  al and interdisciplinary research. this case study is a particularly stark and interesting exam   far future. there is also an unusually high degree of stakeholder involvement from governmenta  he potential directly to influence both government policy and case partner activities in the re
11390	6	this studentship will focus on genetic analysis of the rare and enigmatic okapi - a ra  ogrammes department, which is playing a leading role in coordinating conservation efforts for t   playing a leading role in coordinating conservation efforts for this surprisingly poorly known   dispersal and gene-flow within virunga national park the student will attempt to reconstruct t  student will attempt to reconstruct the evolutionary history of okapi throughout the species ra  ic history of this species. present day genetic diversity estimates will also be carried out fo
10314	10	the genetic alterations in response to climate change is unclear. moreover, much understanding  ear. moreover, much understanding about genetic changes is based on laboratory studies, and rec  nding about genetic changes is based on laboratory studies, and recent research has suggested t  y adaptive genetic responses to natural temperature changes in wild populations of the fruit fl  ture changes in wild populations of the fruit fly, drosophila subobscura. we will establish out  ish outdoor enclosures of flies along a temperature gradient at six sites from valencia, spain   ode itself differs between populations. natural selection is thought to result in such coding c  ive us unprecedented information on the genetic changes that occur in response to temperature i  nk between two divisive public issues - climate change and evolution - that can be used to addr  ed to address the nature of science and scientific evidence.
14121	1	diversity of genes. taking into account phylogenetic relations of the species in a community gi
7530	2	les of interest for the selection. this pilot project will focus on the supposed genes involved  ps will be performed by sequencing of a representative sample of individuals reduces species di
10468	1	type and the ecological significance of genetic variation. despite their mutability, potential
14621	1	mals and birds the relationship between genetic distance and taxonomy in different groups. at i
2036	3	orly known. from the differences in the life history of the shellfish eating birds and their sh  ious study, including cage experiments, field studies and large-scale surveys to further develo  r and how many ducks will survive. this survival rate of the birds is input to the second model
2114	1	tems, in similar landscapes, provides a unique opportunity to study how these different systems
10725	3	the continental shelf seas provide a transistion zone betwe  . whilst the currents and mixing on the continental shelf are dominated by the tide interacting  inated by the tide interacting with the sea bed, significant levels of biological primary produ
12743	8	s and other green infrastructure in the built environment. it will also provide practical guida  , particularly large landscape trees in new developments. the main objectives are to: •provide   re to: •provide an evidence base of the economic benefits of large landscape trees •improve und  d demonstrate the benefits trees in the built environment can have in adapting to climate chang  ilt environment can have in adapting to climate change. •sign post all relevant guidance on the  ticularly large landscape trees for the built environment; encourage the inclusion of large tre  age the inclusion of large trees in the built environment; help the technical sector understand  professionals dealing with trees in the built environment.
11084	4	r floodplain restoration in relation to land use and climate change. the project develops a pil  restoration in relation to land use and climate change. the project develops a pilot study has    climate change. the project develops a pilot study has provided 45 km of palaeochannels and a    provided 45 km of palaeochannels and a unique opportunity to characterise less-impacted lowlan
11489	11	als during the later stages of the last ice age. it is possible that the lake dried because of   from shore. the core will be scanned at high resolution using x-ray fluorescence, x-ray and col  ill be scanned at high resolution using x-ray fluorescence, x-ray and colour imagery, geophysic  gh resolution using x-ray fluorescence, x-ray and colour imagery, geophysical and magnetic core   the global- scale mechanisms of abrupt climate change. the data can also be used to test clima  ange. the data can also be used to test climate models, and thus to help judge the accuracy of    the accuracy of model-predicted abrupt climate change in the future. a long core record of pas  rica and the eastern mediterranean, and global climate. it will contribute to understanding how  temperature and circulation will affect global climate, especially in the heavily populated mon  e for understanding the later stages of human evolution in and dispersal out of africa, by prov  ronmental changes that influenced early human populations and their water, plant and hunting re
11518	11	als during the later stages of the last ice age. it is possible that the lake dried because of   from shore. the core will be scanned at high resolution using x-ray fluorescence, x-ray and col  ill be scanned at high resolution using x-ray fluorescence, x-ray and colour imagery, geophysic  gh resolution using x-ray fluorescence, x-ray and colour imagery, geophysical and magnetic core   the global- scale mechanisms of abrupt climate change. the data can also be used to test clima  ange. the data can also be used to test climate models, and thus to help judge the accuracy of    the accuracy of model-predicted abrupt climate change in the future. a long core record of pas  rica and the eastern mediterranean, and global climate. it will contribute to understanding how  temperature and circulation will affect global climate, especially in the heavily populated mon  e for understanding the later stages of human evolution in and dispersal out of africa, by prov  ronmental changes that influenced early human populations and their water, plant and hunting re
7225	1	s are ideal candidates to address these environmental issues and evolving by their ubiquity, ea
10447	2	to correlate latitudinal adaptation of myosin genes to the genetic diversity of marine amphipo  dinal adaptation of myosin genes to the genetic diversity of marine amphipod species distribute
14935	11	the studies developed by our research group in the 90s detected high densities of le  p in the 90s detected high densities of lead shot pellets in the most important spanish wetland  nds, accompanied by high prevalences of lead shot ingestion in waterfowl. although lead shot us  d shot ingestion in waterfowl. although lead shot use was banned in protected spanish wetlands   otected spanish wetlands in 2001, spent lead shot remains unaltered for decades in sediments, a  resent. several studies have shown that lead shot are ingested by waterfowl when they confuse i  s species, and ducks are species with a high degree of plasticity. with this in mind, we propos  lements act to reduce the prevalence of lead poisoning, and consequently improve the meat quali  ion by waterfowl frequently poisoned by lead shot ingestion by means of field work in the ebro   oned by lead shot ingestion by means of field work in the ebro delta, and by experimental obser  aluate the effect of the partial ban of lead shot since 2001.
15361	3	food webs are representations of who eats whom in natur  m in natural ecosystems. unlike aquatic food webs, we currently lack accurate quantitative data  ive data describing complex terrestrial food webs or low
12270	2	isseminated through grower articles and scientific publications. we will continue to build upon  r ‘follow up projects from industry and government sources.
7654	8	e platform to enable public and private decision makers to capture this innovative and emblemat   development approach. this approach to learning process relates to collective intelligence mec  ocial foresight analyzes in the case of waste management to help companies define environmental  ste management to help companies define environmental technologies of tomorrow. the results obt  s obtained make it possible to classify consumer behavior and help businesses define the best t  ior and help businesses define the best technological innovations in waste management options.   e the best technological innovations in waste management options. such mapping consumer behavio   waste management options. such mapping consumer behavior with an anticipatory approach allows
14797	3	bial activity potential and may play an important role in crop protection. in the present resea  role in crop protection. in the present research proposal, we intend to work on the idea that t  itate plant growth or by competing with pathogenic bacteria or fungi in the rhizosphere still r
14809	9	anging at a global scale as a result of human activity. such changes have tremendous consequenc  m a biological conservation standpoint, global climate change has come to accelerate the rate o  logical conservation standpoint, global climate change has come to accelerate the rate of destr  ns caused by earths movement across the solar system have shaped mediterranean ecosystems and h  may shade light on the future impact of global warming on current ecosystems and can help to pr  hanges. modern molecular techniques are powerful tools for the study of the factors that shaped  evolutionary events. the role of recent ice ages in speciation is controversial. traditionally,  ervation. moreover, we will provide the scientific community with information to calibrate mole  community with information to calibrate molecular clocks for studies in spiders or the mediterr
7040	2	resents one of the last remaining large virgin forest areas in europe, with varied topography a   one of the last remaining large virgin forest areas in europe, with varied topography and high
14857	2	ease our knowledge on the molecular and biochemical mechanisms determining the lichen photobion  omes subjected to dehydration and other abiotic stress. these results will allow us to infer po
14856	2	aluation on the impact of anthropogenic environmental impact on wild areas and habitats. additi   wild areas and habitats. additionally, electron microscopy and physiological approaches on the
15040	4	re continually being discovered and the real number on earth may be as much as 4000. many belon  build on the previous experience of the principal investigator in developing methods for the is  material, by combining the expertise in molecular phylogenetics in the universidad complutense    on the key in english published by the principal investigator in 1983.
14155	10	es of reproduction require resources, a trade-off between them is inevitable. numerous studies   itable. numerous studies have described trade-offs between sexual and clonal reproduction, but   mental aspect of ecosystems and plays a central role in shaping community structure and species  ted with species loss. considering that vast majority of the plant species in this system are c  in this study, we aim at estimating the trade-off between sexual reproduction and clonal growth  ole of architectural plasticity on this trade-off. the major hypothesis is: species with abilit  nagement , and nutrient availability on trade-off between sexual and clonal reproduction will b  the study and we approach these by both field observations and manipulative experiments. we wil  we will also address the effect of this trade-off and of plasticity of plant life-history on sp   of this trade-off and of plasticity of plant life-history on species coexistence.
14159	4	the most fundamental among life-history trade-offs in clonal plants. the balance towards one tr  plants to environmental change; that in disturbed conditions number over size of clonal offspri  dows; and third evaluates the effect of population age on life-history of alien plants. the res  provide new insights into regulation of population dynamics of clonal plants, as well as applic
10442	2	dy will investigate how demographic and life history traits influence the kin structure of popu  ulation kin structure; 4. determine how life history and demographic traits influence kin struc
11722	8	food quality or quantity experienced in early development, adverse effects may occur later in a  ntity experienced in early development, adverse effects may occur later in adult life. such eff  ent, adverse effects may occur later in adult life. such effects can influence the performance   ls, and have important consequences for population dynamics. the reasons why such delayed effec  ls often grow rapidly and may appear to catch-up. the period of early poor early nutritional it  r our understanding of the evolution of growth rate and life history strategies. we will study   ing of the evolution of growth rate and life history strategies. we will study the long-term co  in early growth trajectories, using the zebra finch as a study species. we will examine effects
150	4	cient to explain the observed values of body size in insects; i.e. it does not facilitate optim  dictive power. another aim is to obtain experimental data on size-specific mortality rates. bir  tain experimental data on size-specific mortality rates. birds and pathogens will be evaluated   n behaviour. the study will be based on laboratory experiments with larvae and adults of differ
2010	9	ations: population feedback on realized life history. in particular, the simultaneous action of  ommunities. this means that a theory of life history evolution in an ecological setting with po  urrently lacking, as existing theory of life history evolution, and of the effect of harvesting  t for the ecological role of individual life history. the proposed research aims at filling thi  ommunity consequences of size-dependent life histories and extending it to account for evolutio   i will develop models of a tri-trophic food chain, using structured population models that exp   that explicitly account for individual life history and its influence on the ecology of indivi  ive dynamics, which allows for studying evolutionary processes under influence of population fe   the implications of harvesting-induced life history evolution for sustainable exploitation of
11095	7	rstand why there are differences in the life history patterns of seals using models of annual r  dels of annual routines to predict seal life cycles. seals are an interesting group to choose f  because they have relatively consistent life history patterns which differ in very specific way  in species that give birth on land. the food supply of different species may vary in seasonalit  sh to understand how the differences in life cycles evolved by recreating the trade-offs which   n life cycles evolved by recreating the trade-offs which female seals must make between foragin  t the main evolutionary drivers of seal life histories including predation on the one hand and
2457	6	tion and mortality, formed by long-term evolutionary processes and by immediate responses to th  reproductive success of male and female brown bears; 2 evaluate the differences in life-history  rch into management and conservation of brown bear/large carnivore populations. the basis of th  dual-based data set of the scandinavian brown bear project and the cooperation with internation  ls would give insight into evolutionary selective pressures. this knowledge will enable manager  cology, which may be reflected in their life history patterns. comparing life-history patterns
231	2	able source data for the pcm – reliable phylogenetic tree of the studied species – will be achi  e studied species – will be achieved by gene sequencing.
13926	11	life history theory is a fundamental tool for the analy  and processes in population ecology and evolutionary biology. it is also highly relevant for mo  tions, generalizations and predictions. body size is a central life history trait that connects  and predictions. body size is a central life history trait that connects developmental rates an  pmental rates and reproductive success. life history models typically assume that reproductive   cy has been largely neglected in insect life history theory. i aim to address this inconsistenc  using on the potential costs of a large body size in a group of butterflies , that contain one   ize-dependent predation risk during the larval stage. with a combination of methods i hope to p  ods i hope to provide a well worked out case study for body size evolution in insects that woul  rovide a well worked out case study for body size evolution in insects that would improve the p  t would improve the predictive power of life history theory.
10866	6	correlations between body size and fitness have led to a pervasive bigger is  nflicting negative relationship between growth rate and fitness. it is known that the evolution  ness. it is known that the evolution of life history traits necessitates trade-offs due to reso  ion of life history traits necessitates trade-offs due to resource limitations. i will investig  tions. i will investigate whether a key trade-off occurs between growth and immunocompetence. i  erity of pathogens. i propose that this trade-off results in intraspecific genetic biodiversity
15396	16	actually, climate change and habitat fragmentation are considered  n indirectly affect to others along the food chain, promoting mistmatches between demand and av  he potential synergetic effects between climate change and habitat fragmentation. at the southe  es will increase. do species respond to climate change by genetic or physiological adaptations,   spatial cohesion. species responses to climate change will be influenced by the spatial config  shown to be important for the levels of genetic variation hosted by the total population. there  e, to understand the potential risks of climate change to a species, we must consider the dynam   landscapes. habitat fragmentation have negative effects on population persistence and previous  tness is still rather scanty. are these bird populations genetically isolated between forest pa  ong these fragmented populations is the food chain affected by climate change in synergy with t  pulations is the food chain affected by climate change in synergy with the fragmentation procce  ivorous birds which might be related to climate warming. 2. to determine the effect of habitat    the effect of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity of insectivorous birds in a climate c  c diversity of insectivorous birds in a climate change scenario. 3. to determine the effect of   erentiation of insectivorous birds in a climate change scenario. to explore the potential syner  he potential synergetic effects between climate change and habitat fragmentation.
12228	8	ally and in the uk, weeds cause greater yield losses than any other crop pest and vast sums are  er crop pest and vast sums are spent on weed control annually, often with a significant cost to  . in the last 30-40 years, agricultural weed control has been dominated by herbicides. more rec  ance are limiting herbicide options for weed control, leading to calls for a more integrated an  icide options with advances in physical weed control and a greater emphasis on cultural weed ma   weed management. chemical and physical weed control methods are predominantly technology-led a  redict and manipulate the timing of key life history events. weed evolution over the course of   sured that the timing of these key weed life history stages and transitions coincides with or a
14500	2	s of such variation on the survival and growth rates of hatchlings and juveniles released into   , we should be able to hypothesize what selective pressures may have produced and maintain the
10676	2	lyprenyl phosphates that are capable of self-assembly into vesicles of various sizes. to date,   , alkenes with identical structures and double bond positions have been identified recently by
11724	3	n is the rule in plant populations, but gene flow may produce outbreeding depression . experime  etermine its actual occurrence. in this pilot project we wish to develop microsatellite markers  es balsamea to detect od throughout the life cycle. a. balsamea is wind pollinated, highly outc
13344	6	nd training support and a programme for public services. the biodiversity research infrastructu  nd a programme for public services. the biodiversity research infrastructure will open up new a   states with the objective to prepare a cooperation agreement on the construction and maintenan  necessary preparations in the domain of risk management and quality control. the project is pla  ns in the domain of risk management and quality control. the project is planned to take three y  on with their political domains and the research communities, respectively.
14687	8	termediates which amplify and transduce light signals. the project studies the role of nitric o  ignals. the project studies the role of nitric oxide and protein kinases on phytochromes transd  ct studies the role of nitric oxide and protein kinases on phytochromes transduction and circad   pulvinuli. to study the involvement of nitric oxide as an intermediate in phytochromes respons  ts will be evaluated. the production of nitric oxide via nitrate reductase and nitric oxide syn   nitric oxide via nitrate reductase and nitric oxide syntase will be studied. moreover experime   on the effect of an external supply of nitric oxide on nitrate reductase activity of etiolated  characterization of calcium independent protein kinases, that we have previously obtained in th
7618	1	nd nuisance in agriculture, tourism and public health. the objective of the proposal is to deve
14720	2	ental plots, already established by the research groups in the framework of previous research p  rch groups in the framework of previous research projects, and the evaluation of a number of re
15586	2	grate the program, and provide european added value, we will launch a post-doc training program   added value, we will launch a post-doc training program.
2485	8	diarrheal diseases and dengue fever are major global health problems resulting  eases and dengue fever are major global health problems resulting in millions of deaths every y  high. in communities where provision of clean water is inadequate, storage of water for domesti   interdisciplinary project is to assess health risks associated with household water storage by   health risks associated with household water storage by identifying relationships between hous  ousehold water management, contaminated drinking water, and mosquito production in household wa  ill assist in development of integrated disease control strategies appropriate for the southeas  nship between coliform contamination of drinking water and mosquito production in household sto
7194	4	st still regarded today as a functional black box in the dynamics models mos. this is mainly du  that remain difficult to transpose to a wide range of agro-ecosystems. in this context, this pr  s context, this project is part of a 14 fundamental research approach whose main objective is t  this project is to evaluate the role of microbial diversity in the future of mos to better mana
10118	1	subsidies e.g. emergent insects. thus, climate change impacts on saline lakes via fluctuating
10469	1	loci, and to test for recombination and balancing selection.
14692	7	ating detritus based and producer-based food web dynamics. the current knowledge of food web dy   web dynamics. the current knowledge of food web dynamics in terrestrial systems is limited by   ory chains. besides the fact of being a central question to understand food web dynamics in ter   being a central question to understand food web dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems, there are   rial ecosystems, there are currently no field studies that have approached this question. to ac  riability, two neglected issues in most food web studies, on food web structure and dynamics us  ted issues in most food web studies, on food web structure and dynamics using both empirical da
2026	4	ditions plants usually coexist in mixed plant communities and interactions between plants and m   to individual plants are influenced by host plant quality and the surrounding multitrophic com  pulate the diversity of the surrounding plant community, and carry out plant-soil feedback stud  ack studies to determine the effects of plant diversity and identity on these interactions. abo
13868	5	project is to be able to understand how climate change may affect the timing and duration of th  e against increasing nutrient loads and climate change; changes that may otherwise turn the lak  temperate coastal lakes will respond to global warming has been debated in recent years. i will  recent years. i will concentrate on the key role of grazing zooplankton in initiating a clear w   my project are: 1 through a three-year field study determine the effect of timing on zoo- and
15127	3	under climate change scenario, average atmospheric and sea su  hange scenario, average atmospheric and sea surface temperature are increasing and more co2 wil  on. despite it is generally agreed that climate change determine how the interacting effect of
11404	9	microbes are key players in the turnover and transformation of nutri  ampered by our inability to culture the vast majority of microbes in the laboratory. the recent  nd they have revolutionised our view of microbial diversity by enabling us to examine the uncul  covered which have no representative in laboratory culture, and therefore no known ecosystem fu  % of all prokaryotes in terrestrial and marine environments. molecular techniques recently pred  y predicted that crenarchaea may have a central role in the oxidation of ammonia in the environ  e environment, a key step in the global nitrogen cycle, and an ammonia oxidising crenarchaea ha  dising organisms in the biosphere. this research proposal aims to quantify their role in ammoni  ation in soil, to compare the impact of environmental factors on their activity and that of tra
14281	2	on, associated with land conversion for human activities, are recognised as a major driving for  n activities, are recognised as a major driving force in this dramatic reduction of earths biod
478	5	ion ha, and are important reservoirs of genetic diversity, playing a decisive role in climate c  c diversity, playing a decisive role in climate change mitigation through adaptation. the effic  ems of europe and their response to new selective pressures. in this project, we will use a com  eriments to evaluate levels of standing genetic variation and selective effects in natural fore  actors, especially demographic history, gene pool origin or micro-local differences, should be
10684	1	ild animals, cope with parasites in the long term.
14137	3	increased pathogen load as a result of global warming, as several dangerous salmonid parasites  ides bryosalmonae causing proliferative kidney disease compare the spatial patterns of genetic   s and presumably neutral markers within river systems that differ markedly in their temperature
1975	1	stems, whereas the soil was viewed as a black box. much of the early research also concentrated
10085	9	the tropical forests of borneo are dominated by more than 2  duce many of them, and vice versa. this trade-off could equalize the average number of offsprin  eir foraging determines the movement of genetic material from the father to the mother tree. we  ce that pollen gets transported between flowering trees. furthermore, because dipterocarps are   diversity is maintained in an important tropical forest community and has general applicability  ty and has general applicability to any plant community where competition for pollinators might   management of disturbed and fragmented tropical forest communities where plant-pollinator inte  nteractions are disrupted by changes in mean distance between flowering trees.   ted by changes in mean distance between flowering trees.
2023	2	hemical processes in a range of coastal marine sediments. carbon degradation in sediments cover  his will enable us to define the active microbial populations at a much higher resolution than
11763	3	y to determine the effect of changes in microbial diversity with management or land-use change   to functional diversity and active soil microbial populations. this will be achieved using a cr  ine functional diversity and the active microbial populations under different management and en
15439	1	e demography and population genetics of seed plant populations since it constitutes the initial
10001	3	quence of their sizes or not. using the experimental results we will then be able to determine   ts. this information when combined with mathematical models allow us to predict the best seed s  ularly exciting aspect of the work. all mathematical models make assumptions and so we will pro
2132	2	traditional coarse-scale analyses of population dynamics assume that individuals in a cohort  re for productivity of natural atlantic salmon populations.
15105	8	predictive flooding models applied to water flow and solute transport with calibration based   ute transport with calibration based on laboratory experiments as well as field data collected   rate quantitative knowledge in the main physical processes involved. the numerical modelling of   physical system solves approximately a mathematical model that formulates the physical laws th   mathematical model that formulates the physical laws that govern the process. the use of numer  the use of numerical methods to predict water level profiles, discharge variations and solute t  ssary practice in the frame of a modern hydraulic engineering. it offers the possibility to eva  nd research and development of suitable laboratory experiments. therefore, the computational an
15457	7	functioning of terrestrial plant-based food webs. this occurs because terrestrial food webs in  d webs. this occurs because terrestrial food webs involved complex interactions between organis  rganisms usually associated to detrital food webs also affect trophic interactions between plan  s well as between producer and detrital food webs would allow to the scientific community to un  d detrital food webs would allow to the scientific community to understand the functioning and   d the functioning and complexity of the food webs. to do so, it is necessary to identify the in  n the regulation and functioning of the food web. in this project on the interactions between p
14721	3	ems is expressed. as a result, the best biodiversity indicators for the evaluation of natural s  ll maintain the benefits that come from natural resources and environmental services. the objec  ts that come from natural resources and environmental services. the objective is to conserve th
14581	3	ems is expressed. as a result, the best biodiversity indicators for the evaluation of natural s  ll maintain the benefits that come from natural resources and environmental services. the objec  ts that come from natural resources and environmental services. the objective is to conserve th
14582	3	ems is expressed. as a result, the best biodiversity indicators for the evaluation of natural s  ll maintain the benefits that come from natural resources and environmental services. the objec  ts that come from natural resources and environmental services. the objective is to conserve th
14722	3	ems is expressed. as a result, the best biodiversity indicators for the evaluation of natural s  ll maintain the benefits that come from natural resources and environmental services. the objec  ts that come from natural resources and environmental services. the objective is to conserve th
15570	5	ion ha, and are important reservoirs of genetic diversity, playing a decisive role in climate c  c diversity, playing a decisive role in climate change mitigation through adaptation. the effic  ems of europe and their response to new selective pressures. in this project, we will use a com  eriments to evaluate levels of standing genetic variation and selective effects in natural fore  actors, especially demographic history, gene pool origin or micro-local differences, should be
9957	7	ntact with individuals, communities and research groups from the south who have given the princ  th particular emphasis on resilience to climate change. we in the south seek a ppd grant to ena  riorities for investment in natural and social sciences for improving ecosystem management; and  p, particular days will be dedicated to peer review among those working on es pa; hearings from  ; and engagement with policy-makers and business people. the workshop will be professionally fa  s including the running of new regional climate change and land surface models with political s  ate change and land surface models with political scientists and economists.
15229	2	n the world, covering some nine million square kilometers, and extending 5500 km across north a  h africa from the atlantic ocean to the red sea. the arabian desert occurs to the east of the s
15268	4	e is one of the primary determinants of life histories, as well as of survival. because tempera   other life-history traits, such as the immune system. according to this reasoning, these hypot  xamine the capacity of reptiles to face climate change in mountain systems. the concrete object   with altitude. objective 2: how lizard body size varies with altitude. objective 3: how lizard
14944	3	ome of the most convincing evidences of natural selection, partly due to the straightforward of  d pear, pyrus bourgaeana, in the doñana national park experimental assay of local adaptation of  ion at different phases of a same plant reproductive cycle. second, it focuses on a species for
7406	1	nt to start a reflection face of future climate change, particularly in the context of contrast
14548	2	sum soils have fascinated ecologist and evolutionary biologist for decades. gypsum soils which   e degree of nestedness, the size of the disturbed area and the influenc
7038	5	en only rarely a subject of research in industrialized countries. this research project should   earch in industrialized countries. this research project should improve the understanding of th  ironment relation. it is the aim of the research project to make available the local knowledge    of local people in their management of natural resources, - within which institutional network  ts potential for the sustainable use of natural resources, and the possible areas of its integr
12140	1	research project is aiming to clear the impact of the r
7709	4	ly livestock. it is to promote ruminant farming methods enhancing and developing the environmen  re essential because they contribute to product differentiation and a more respectful use of th  nd animal scientists and researchers in artificial intelligence for modeling valuing diversity    the territorial level: what changes in production methods knowledge and what relationships bui
11215	5	rs ago, was one of the most profound in evolutionary history, and ultimately allowed the appear   years we have a gained a much improved fossil record of the animals that represent this transi  rsoventral flexion using a regionalised vertebral column and differentiated musculature as in m  mance such as regional stiffness of the vertebral column as well as internal bone architecture.  ited, and thus to what environments and life styles they were best adapted. this will help to i
11713	5	rs ago, was one of the most profound in evolutionary history, and ultimately allowed the appear   years we have a gained a much improved fossil record of the animals that represent this transi  rsoventral flexion using a regionalised vertebral column and differentiated musculature as in m  mance such as regional stiffness of the vertebral column as well as internal bone architecture.  ited, and thus to what environments and life styles they were best adapted. this will help to i
11735	3	ly were these integrated into the local staple diet and into the local agricultural production   he local staple diet and into the local agricultural production this is one of the key question  otanical remains is the purpose of this research project.
10148	1	nges are generally attributed to recent global warming, the effects of which are enhanced in th
10418	1	anging. this is generally attributed to global warming, effects of which are particularly enhan
10908	1	nges are generally attributed to recent global warming, the effects of which are enhanced in th
11751	1	nges are generally attributed to recent global warming, the effects of which are enhanced in th
15525	4	sea turtles are cosmopolitan marine species that have r  uman-related activities. the loggerhead sea turtle . researching on loggerhead turtle conservat   loggerhead sea turtle . researching on loggerhead turtle conservation status in the western me  gin and stratification of local stocks. conservation measures are predicted to affect directly
11742	3	oil spills frequently cause the death of large numbers   his study is to determine the effect of oil pollution on the population dynamics of the common   mine the effect of oil pollution on the population dynamics of the common guillemot uria aalge
12165	3	priority species in the uk biodiversity action plan and these and several other uncommon specie   assess the effectiveness of a range of weed control methods in the presence of uncommon arable  cious weeds. proposals will be made for weed control treatments, such as cultural methods, herb
12630	2	e cake, metal-amended liquid sludge and metal salt experimental platforms at three sites mainta  rms at three sites maintained in arable crop production.
12629	2	e cake, metal-amended liquid sludge and metal salts experimental platforms at the seven sites i  he next full sampling phase, which will take place in spring 2010.
2120	6	nce. i propose a project to investigate long term consequences of interspecific cross-fostering  of such behavioural traits. since 1995, great tits and blue tits have been reciprocally cross-f  ural traits. since 1995, great tits and blue tits have been reciprocally cross-fostered in the   fostering. i will look at the potential long term fitness costs of being cross-fostered in term  fics and conspecifics. i also propose a review article on early learning. this project may yiel   biology as a method to save endangered bird species, and unveiling its consequences in the fie
2101	17	off-shore oil exploration and production is moving towards arctic   a strong official requirement to avoid long term environmental impacts or effects that may be   official requirement to avoid long term environmental impacts or effects that may be in conflic   the fisheries. the knowledge about the environmental impact of such activities in these region  le environmental spill scenarios on the marine environment from the oil industry are mainly foc  rios on the marine environment from the oil industry are mainly focused on accidental spills. t  as small repeated discharges related to oil spill events in the course of production, processin  temporarily stored oil, e.g. trapped in sea ice. at present it is difficult to express the prob  rrence of such events or its associated environmental risk, so a scenario based approach is use  project work is focusing on potentially long term effects on ice margin community of trapped oi  may occur as oil trapped underneath the sea ice or as frozen within the sea ice. potential long  ath the sea ice or as frozen within the sea ice. potential long term effects are determined by   as frozen within the sea ice. potential long term effects are determined by results of experime  s a support for environmentally related decision making at accidents as well as industrial oper  tion cycle and population with links to short term/medium term effects. wp3: long term effects   and population with links to short term/medium term effects. wp3: long term effects by repeated  to short term/medium term effects. wp3: long term effects by repeated exposures of released oil
12288	5	with varying genetic compositions. the genetic diversity of the accessions and the offspring d  ill provide a valuable insight into the genetic diversity present within hybrid and conventiona  id brussels sprouts can then be chosen. mathematical models based on this data will clarify the  her crops where f1 hybrids are based on self-incompatibility as in other cruciferous vegetables  n then continue to be made available to end users.
12580	2	0 years to study the effect of applying sewage sludge, with different metal contents, on soil m  l metals on soil microbial activity and long term soil fertility. this project will give an ind
12510	3	converted to organic production. in the short term, this was driven by the downturn in conventi  le farm payment scheme, will affect the financial performance and longer-term sustainability of  his proposal is to analyse physical and financial performance from the long-term data collected
11849	12	tropical forests hold more species of plant and animal   onment. they also store vast amounts of greenhouse gases in their trees and soils. the brazilia  ting earth s species and climate. humid tropical forests do not normally burn, yet their future  in due to the threat of man-made fires. human activities such as logging and forest fragmentati  in 1997 and 2005, and led to widespread forest fires devastating thousands of square kilometers  d forest fires devastating thousands of square kilometers of forest. when a forest burns for th  han 10cm in diameter. they are also the first step in positive feedback cycle, where increased   and increases the fuel available on the forest floor, making the forest more flammable, and inc  stand the implications of wildfires for tropical forest vegetation, and many important question  n on the longer-term effects of fire on tropical forest trees. we need more information on how   ve our understanding of the response of tropical forests to fires over a large area and over lo   potential consequences of land-use and climate change.
14670	2	election is likely to be under a strong selective pressure. conspecifics local reproductive per  t this hypothesis assessing the role of interspecific competition and to investigate which cue
12065	3	tenuous. the losers first project is a basic research project around a core of taxonomists inv  us. the losers first project is a basic research project around a core of taxonomists invertebr  rate strategy on the role and future of natural history collections in a biodiversity crisis co
226	3	fragmentation are considered to be the primary causes of human-induced species extinctions. ho   different parameters of biodiversity – genetic diversity, phylogenetic diversity – respond to   es. we will go to fieldworks to acquire species lists and environmental data. for gathering spe
13804	2	human alterations of natural habitats have caused a pollinator decline, and    risk. the impact of pollinator loss on plant communities is, among other things, likely to dep
12468	3	he low-cost vs. over 15m vms and future data analysis recommendations 5. demonstration of the b  he benefits of additional environmental data collection key customer purpose: this project comp  so be presented at relevant national or international conferences.
12282	4	rough a literature review and use of an expert panel. the role of decision support tools, parti  re gaps. the current and future role of plant genetics will be considered and the extent to whi  use can be extended by manipulating the gene pool will be discussed. the impact of climate chan  e pool will be discussed. the impact of climate change and the effects of predicted changes in
7046	8	in the marine environment, no other environmental variable has  dramatically in recent decades than the dissolved oxygen who will help work up and interpret th  s a key, and growing, threat to shallow coastal ecosystems. it will put an ecological framework  ebate on valid tolerance thresholds and indicator organisms. the project will also add concrete  rical context - on the issue-complex of climate change, eutrophication and biodiversity loss. o  l be of interest to marine researchers, environmental scientists and policy makers in the incre  searchers, environmental scientists and policy makers in the increasing number of regions affec  decisions on the status of the affected marine habitats, help formulate strategies to avoid cat
11654	1	tochondrial dna d-loop sequences of the natterjack toad bufo calamita, a lusitanian species, fr
7181	2	risk appears limited impact outside of disturbed areas. . the studies have helped to provide n  nd its high phenotypic plasticity quune genetic changes that appear to have favored the invasio
7522	3	particular technological abilities. raw genomic data s. thermophilus indicate that a large gene  ons of the cell base. it seems that the genetic diversity of the population of s. thermophilus   n appropriate methodology to assess the genetic diversity of strains of s. . we will evaluate d
13327	5	eta-analyse the existing projections of climate change impacts on biodiversity. it will assess   o assess the probable future impacts of climate change on biodiversity. this includes the revie  y. this includes the review of possible climate change adaptation and mitigation measures and t  vent and minimise negative impacts from climate change and from climate change adaptation and m  ve impacts from climate change and from climate change adaptation and mitigation measures.
12445	1	awning areas, on nursery grounds and on feeding grounds, how these vary year-on-year, and the c
15242	1	centuries ago, and that has fascinated evolutionary biologists since darwins time, because it
2197	1	of resource utilization as a basis for co-occurrence with most likely native plants. this will
183	1	sing global and regional databases; and field works gathering biodiversity and environmental da
14470	2	rentially occupy one of two contrasting habitat types , to test for predicted differences in ge  ces in geographic genetic structure and gene flow among distant populations.
10159	1	the great majority of the world s animal species are invertebrates and it is estimated th
15407	1	equences of geographical variation is a central issue in evolutionary ecology, yet several aspe
11059	6	n diversifying in the same way, and the fossil record shows that there have been times when the  gh. however, it has proved very hard to work out exactly why some species have thrived and othe  iodiversity have changed over time. the fossil record has direct information about the past, bu  nic foraminifera have probably the best fossil record of any group over the past 65 million yea   of individuals have rained down on the sea bed, often forming thick sediments. to go down into   be measured, and ecology inferred from chemical analysis. the sediments, and other sources of
11304	6	n diversifying in the same way, and the fossil record shows that there have been times when the  gh. however, it has proved very hard to work out exactly why some species have thrived and othe  iodiversity have changed over time. the fossil record has direct information about the past, bu  nic foraminifera have probably the best fossil record of any group over the past 65 million yea   of individuals have rained down on the sea bed, often forming thick sediments. to go down into   be measured, and ecology inferred from chemical analysis. the sediments, and other sources of
6737	2	in the last decades there were significant changes in the biodiversity of river danube  n the main arm of the danube and in the adjacent wetland areas. majority of available records a
7163	2	he study of macroinvertebrates european running waters, with a special focus on french hydrosys  sms invasive processes and characterize invasive species as well as the most invaded areas. the
2194	4	macrophyte species. • predict short and long term changes in genetic structure in a main macrop  te species. • assess levels of adaptive genetic changes among habitats of a macrophyte species.  scientific syntheses and guidelines for management tools. • compile literature reviews and resu  gion along the swedish coast. • produce management tools that both describe the motive for prop
11611	3	to be linked to phosphate sites on the bacterial surface that selectively adsorb some of these  ese elements. this project will combine laboratory experiments with field sampling and analysis  ation in these stability constants with atomic number will provide some insight into biosorptio
12205	4	this proposal brings together a critical mass of academics and multi-disciplinary pract   the university of reading and the farm advisory services team teaching and training. . it is o   reading and the farm advisory services team teaching and training. . it is our intention to de  art of the universitys research in crop/molecular genetics, diversity and physiology to attract
7579	7	isms responsible for the maintenance of genetic diversity within populations is a major issue i  netic diversity within populations is a major issue in evolutionary biology. recently it has be   within populations is a major issue in evolutionary biology. recently it has been shown that t  t has been shown that the choice of the sexual partner can be a powerful process, among others,  l process, among others, of maintaining genetic diversity. this result suggests to integrate th  f these processes in the maintenance of genetic diversity in populations and, particularly in t   derive direct implications for genetic resource management
12203	1	ruit collections to whom bht invoices a service charge as well as servicing requests received b
12204	6	he face of new or increasing biotic and abiotic stresses is heavily dependent on germplasm reso  tial to the underpinning of progress in plant science research and for the genetic improvement   s concerning a sustainable, competitive food supply chain, sustainable, diverse and adaptable f  e farming and sustainable management of natural resources. the support of key ex situ germplasm  d the jic pea collection has provided a wide range of exotic germplasm for one of the work pack  are also accessible to enquirers to the web site. passport data on the collection prepared on t
181	4	species to clades are essential for all evolutionary biology. based exclusively on imaginal mor  roup and using the dna sequence data to work out a phylogenetic classification of the holarctic  e larvae of which feed on more advanced plant families, is selected for phylogeographical compa  tern palearctic. - creating a taxonomic expert system accessible in the internet that aids to i
10716	12	te. and, when it rains, these compounds come back to earth in a major step in the global circul  these compounds come back to earth in a major step in the global circulation of the essential e  there is food. this is because dms is a by-product of biochemical processes that occur when dif   this is because dms is a by-product of biochemical processes that occur when different microbe   transform this gas are studied. we use molecular biology, gene cloning and dna sequencing to i   are studied. we use molecular biology, gene cloning and dna sequencing to identify the genes i  hways and which of the microbes are the key players in natural environments. this is because th  y of bacteria that live out here in the natural world have never been cultured. luckily, some v   dmsp in which the carbon atoms have an atomic weight of 13, not the more conventional 12. when   from the light form and by looking for signature sequences in the genes, the microorganisms an  ll do these experiments on mud from the salt marshes of north norfolk. these are home to the gr  model how environmental changes such as climate change alter the balance of these processes.
11704	12	te. and, when it rains, these compounds come back to earth in a major step in the global circul  these compounds come back to earth in a major step in the global circulation of the essential e  there is food. this is because dms is a by-product of biochemical processes that occur when dif   this is because dms is a by-product of biochemical processes that occur when different microbe   transform this gas are studied. we use molecular biology, gene cloning and dna sequencing to i   are studied. we use molecular biology, gene cloning and dna sequencing to identify the genes i  hways and which of the microbes are the key players in natural environments. this is because th  y of bacteria that live out here in the natural world have never been cultured. luckily, some v   dmsp in which the carbon atoms have an atomic weight of 13, not the more conventional 12. when   from the light form and by looking for signature sequences in the genes, the microorganisms an  ll do these experiments on mud from the salt marshes of north norfolk. these are home to the gr  model how environmental changes such as climate change alter the balance of these processes.
12727	1	the overall aim of this short term project is to collate and compile informatio
10854	1	males reduce female fecundity. cage and field studies will test whether female reproduction is
14561	1	oceran collection of national museum of natural sciences will be properly reviewed and organize
11686	1	ve altered due to human interference or climate change. tetraploids often have different charac
15275	7	most populations of domestic animals and wild species on the risk of extinc  hods for the analysis and management of genetic diversity should consider this aspect. this pro  pulations using analytic techniques and computer simulations. in particular, the following poin  ronments, inbreeding depression, use of genetic markers obtained with the new technologies of h  se of genetic markers obtained with the new technologies of high-throughput genotyping, and art  gies of high-throughput genotyping, and artificial selection of quantitative traits. 2. develop  undesired introgression. 4. analyses by computer simulation of the efficiency of the different
15276	7	most populations of domestic animals and wild species on the risk of extinc  hods for the analysis and management of genetic diversity should consider this aspect. this pro  pulations using analytic techniques and computer simulations. in particular, the following poin  ronments, inbreeding depression, use of genetic markers obtained with the new technologies of h  se of genetic markers obtained with the new technologies of high-throughput genotyping, and art  gies of high-throughput genotyping, and artificial selection of quantitative traits. 2. develop  undesired introgression. 4. analyses by computer simulation of the efficiency of the different
14632	11	lining and endangered subspecies of the reed bunting emberiza schoeniclus witherbyi in spain. t  ify which environmental, demographic or genetic factors are relevant for the management of the   onnected with a research started by the research team previously. the reed bunting decline is b  ed by the research team previously. the reed bunting decline is believed to be associated with   vailability, demographic parameters and gene flow between subpopulations. the objectives of the  f the distribution and abundance of the reed bunting; 2- identify using the predictive models,   y using the predictive models, the main environmental factors that influence the distribution o  ship between demographic parameters and environmental factors; 5- analyse the genetic structure  , the effective population size and the gene flow between different subpopulations in order to   tions in order to asses the patterns of genetic variation, the relative effects of historical e  etic variation, the relative effects of historical events and vicariance and more recent events
14577	2	mon quail . moreover, we have collected blood samples of female-males and chicks involving 30 n  ing 30 nests; this allows us to start a genetic study in depth of the mating system: genetic re
7487	6	nd the crushing of benthos such as e.g. cold water coral and large sponges. however, the impact   and more effective assessment methods, reference points, control rules and management strategi  management strategies to be used in the short term, making better use of available data. second  ll be developed by examining a range of case studies selected to reflect the different types of  und in the ne atlantic. in addition two case studies outside the ne atlantic are selected to gi  heries elsewhere in the world. for each case study current problems with assessment or manageme
2049	3	urpose of the project is to analyse how third world farming communities experience and react to  e project is to analyse how third world farming communities experience and react towards the ch  r experience and expertise by norwegian state institutions, which participate in debates and ne
7617	4	egetation treatment modalities in older pine forests in the renewal phase ii an opening canopy   n of existing vegetation, the change of land use with, in particular the abandonment of pastora  h shore of the mediterranean basin, and climate changes in the sense announced reinforcements o  ngineering can help promote sustainable forest management based on the regeneration of settleme
12526	2	r treatment of biowaste with high plant health risk. the use of temperature sensitive materials  eppo method for process validation with indicator organisms found this to be laborious, time co
13808	2	biodiversity is an important aspect of forest areas that are used for recreation, exercising,   ed by questionnaires and interviews. in general meetings, the public and landowners make sugges
15244	2	he overall objective of the coordinated research proposal is the implementation of mycorrhizal   nvironments. specific objectives of the research proposal are: 1. to determine the diversity of
15243	2	he overall objective of the coordinated research proposal is the implementation of mycorrhizal   nvironments. specific objectives of the research proposal are: 1. to determine the diversity of
12156	4	severe population declines of breeding wading birds on lowland wet grassland in uk and elsewhe  a non-lethal solution to this important conservation issue is now of great importance. the prop  is manipulation on the distribution and survival rates of nests of redshank. three habitat mani  amined, comparing nest distribution and survival rates with those observed in unmanipulated, co
2210	1	a significant impact on other renewable forest resources and where the impact is or is expected
13715	3	nse surface accumulations can cover the sea surface, make bathing impossible and harm coastal r  a and the coastal area and use the long time series from stockholm universitys ecological resea  udy is to help managers, from helcom to local authorities, to predict the effects of measures t
10902	9	f income for individual farmers, coffee export earnings total over 1 billion us $ in the region  rwanda and burundi, coffee forms 50% of export earnings and even for larger economies in uganda  ill be influenced by future climate and land use change it is important to understand how to op  for the future. we propose to develop a research programme which aims to improve the way coffee  africa are managed now and under future climate change so that the income farmers receive is in   knowledge and data, and developing new research tools, we will design a programme of activitie  e skills from biological, economic, and social sciences so that we can properly understand how   agement of coffee growing and also help decision makers develop new policies and support system  ecision makers develop new policies and support systems to help guide farmer at a wider scale.
10986	9	f income for individual farmers, coffee export earnings total over 1 billion us $ in the region  rwanda and burundi, coffee forms 50% of export earnings and even for larger economies in uganda  ill be influenced by future climate and land use change it is important to understand how to op  for the future. we propose to develop a research programme which aims to improve the way coffee  africa are managed now and under future climate change so that the income farmers receive is in   knowledge and data, and developing new research tools, we will design a programme of activitie  e skills from biological, economic, and social sciences so that we can properly understand how   agement of coffee growing and also help decision makers develop new policies and support system  ecision makers develop new policies and support systems to help guide farmer at a wider scale.
12187	1	sing selected treatments of an existing long term diversity restoration experiment at colt park
11231	13	ntribute significantly to human-induced greenhouse gas emissions. how land is used and managed   gnificantly to human-induced greenhouse gas emissions. how land is used and managed is therefor  stored or released into the atmosphere. payment systems encouraging particular land uses and la   payment systems encouraging particular land uses and land management practices that help to st  management practices that help to store organic carbon in soils and vegetation are becoming inc  arly in terms of its ability to support food production, nor how it could affect the livelihood  , as much more attention has focused on tropical forests, even though poverty problems are ofte   multidisciplinary group of natural and social scientists with expertise from across 4 southern  with inputs from international, policy, private sector and non-governmental organisation partne   countries include a range of different land use systems, and encompass parts of sub-saharan af  elation to nutrient cycling, water, and food production, with a view to assessing how managing   rch base yet, we extend it by assessing organic carbon in both soil and vegetation and link thi  e more complete assessment of different land use options. activities during the workshop will i
13718	7	and consequences of degradation of the marine environment have failed. although we have reduce  we have reduced nutrients to lessen the harmful effects of eutrophication, marine ecosystems ar   the harmful effects of eutrophication, marine ecosystems are not responding as predicted. we a  dicted. we are attempting to manage the marine environment in the face of multiple forcing fact  understand and to ultimately manage the marine environment sustainably. we have assembled a div  ribute to development of the baltic sea action plan, and disseminate our research to management  al to the sustainable management of the marine environment and create the multi-disciplinary ex
13764	7	with the continued human development of coastal areas, resource management  ued human development of coastal areas, resource management will increasingly have to deal with  ch a case, spill-over may be a positive side effect. lobster is a species of great value, to bo  f great value, to both recreational and commercial fishing. with an increased fishing effort an  arely exceed 2 km. however, the pelagic larval stage of 1-2 weeks is potentially a more long-ra  h to secure future reproduction and the larval stage renders both retention of larvae, to suppl  or conservation and spill-over effects. setting up an individual-based model i can from a mecha
10276	4	while the contribution of organic matter oxidation to the biogeochemical cycles i  onsible for 90% of the nitrogen loss in marine sediments. investigating this process is, theref  naerobic ammonium oxidation may play an important role in avoiding eutrophication, particularly  element cycles of sulphur and oxygen in marine sediments and helps solving a major biogeochemic
10300	5	re often manifested at the scale of the food web. we propose to manipulate a well characterised  ipulate a well characterised quantified food web for which we have highly resolved data, by alt  ortance of autocthonous pathways in the food web. we will explore a range of responses across m  levels of biological organisation, from population dynamics of individual species to ecosystem    theory and ecological stoichiometry in food webs.
11684	5	re often manifested at the scale of the food web. we propose to manipulate a well characterised  ipulate a well characterised quantified food web for which we have highly resolved data, by alt  ortance of autocthonous pathways in the food web. we will explore a range of responses across m  levels of biological organisation, from population dynamics of individual species to ecosystem    theory and ecological stoichiometry in food webs.
9997	1	hen images of bizarre 6ft tubeworms and giant clams came up from the depths of the pacific to r
1923	6	dies also show that different plant and animal species have major impacts upon ecosystem proces  w dispersal abilities of many plant and animal species that are not able to reach the target ar   species that are not able to reach the target area. especially, many soil organisms have extre  n of above- and below-ground species or functional groups of species, and thus increasing the d  cies diversity and that the increase in plant diversity will positively affect the diversity of  biodiversity in pastures withdrawn from agricultural production.
14277	6	he huge production of biomass can cause water levels to rise, even to the brink of flooding, bu  of macrophyte detritus to the suspended organic matter pool followed. further information on nu  is of and on the subsequent fate of the organic matter will be followed via stable isotope comp  , an available modeling package will be set-up for the kleine nete river system and used as a p  kage will be set-up for the kleine nete river system and used as a predictive tool to assess th  s the project results will also support decision making for basin management, especially concer
10732	8	global climate change and the large-scale loss of the t                                   global climate change and the large-scale loss of the tropical   change and the large-scale loss of the tropical forests are probably the most urgent of contem  robably the most urgent of contemporary environmental problems. some global circulation models   ary environmental problems. some global circulation models suggest that amazonia may be vulnera  d. the lack of systematic information a decision tree method, that can be implemented by combin  ests, taking into account the effect of forest fires. the ultimate goal of this work is to arri  to understand how climate variation and human activities through deforestation, affects its spa
10810	8	global climate change and the large-scale loss of the t                                   global climate change and the large-scale loss of the tropical   change and the large-scale loss of the tropical forests are probably the most urgent of contem  robably the most urgent of contemporary environmental problems. some global circulation models   ary environmental problems. some global circulation models suggest that amazonia may be vulnera  d. the lack of systematic information a decision tree method, that can be implemented by combin  ests, taking into account the effect of forest fires. the ultimate goal of this work is to arri  to understand how climate variation and human activities through deforestation, affects its spa
10987	4	n dependant upon its services including climate change developing practical responses to both e  e ecosystem and alleviating poverty and health problems through sympathetically improved agricu  dopting this approach at the outset the research team will avoid carrying out parallel studies    common language and common goals, will take place during the development phase, while the rese
6878	1	nsible for the hypermuscular phenotype. genetic analysis revealed that full expression of the h
171	4	quantitative analysis of benthic algae habitat allows e   habitat allows estimating state of the coastal waters and its changes that are caused by anthr  itoring program. the studied area is in remote sensing. image archives, going back to 1972, is    1972, is also an advantage of using of remote sensing since it allows studying changes in bent
6881	3	quality, at the same time resistant to fungal diseases is one of the most important goals of g   be tested to determine linkage between resistance genes and the markers, providing the localis  can hybrids carrying resistance against fungal diseases. varieties of middle-asian origin such
2131	3	regarding ocean migrations of northern salmon populations, the focus of this project is to est  edge important for future management of salmon populations, and contribute to a better understa  with several national and international research institutes as well as generating synergetic ef
12343	2	and used to develop gis layers of both spawning grounds and nursey grounds. key customer purpo  efra as part of the selection of marine conservation zones. its also likely that these data lay
13328	3	local. in particular, to understand how marine ecosystems will adapt to climate change, we need  and how marine ecosystems will adapt to climate change, we need addressing especially the long-  re and commercialise marine genetic and chemical products.
6933	2	hese general considerations a four-step research programme can be outlined: 1. palaeo-ecologica  in. 3. reconstruction of bottleneck vs. population growth periods of these species in connectio
2518	6	lling, stock recruitment relationships, population dynamics of non-target fish species and econ  tors and suggest methods for estimating reference points. to understand the causes of the year   dels. further, a stochastic approach to economic indicators will be investigated since variance  relation to the economic performance of natural resource systems. future stock dynamics, limits  disseminate project results to both the scientific community, managers, stakeholders and the ge  mmunity, managers, stakeholders and the general public to ensure that results are used in pract
11208	5	improving the flow of information from fundamental research in the uk to the increasingly impo  reasingly important area related to the commercial exploitation of marine organisms. the cultur  l exploitation of marine organisms. the culture collection of algae and protozoa is an internat  ntific literature, some isolated in the first half of the 20th century with new strains having   of the collection and enables the wider research community and biotechnology sectors to access
10201	1	iving organisms is there as a result of nitrogen fixation - a process that is only carried out
9823	2	ate large-scale alteration of nearshore marine environments occurs when coastal protection sche  s the potential to change significantly physical characteristics of the receiving environment.
13573	3	s to understand how community dynamics, population dynamics and community functioning can evolv   particularly prone to be influenced by climate change because of its close connection with the  hat bacteria play a crucial role in the marine environment, especially in systems with a strong
12663	1	ty policies outlined in the marine bill white paper. to quantify the additional benefits result
10128	7	marine coastal ecosystems are among the most productive and di  ogical and geochemical processes within marine ecosystems are important for regulating climate,  ating climate, nutrient cycling and the food chain. marine ecosystems provide humans with many   e, nutrient cycling and the food chain. marine ecosystems provide humans with many resources su  vide humans with many resources such as drinking water, food and oxygen, as well as absorbing g  en, as well as absorbing gases, such as carbon dioxide , and therefore to identify those combin  , and provide important information for policy makers concerning the potential impacts of futur
12649	1	lays a fundamental role in supporting a wide range of goods and services essential for the main
10245	5	will respond to changes in climate and ocean circulation, the increased complexity brings with  ods of validating models, making use of remote sensing ocean colour data, in-situ data sets and  omparison of different ecosystem models run in the same circulation codes: development of a mod  development of a module to simulate the coastal ecosystems, but useable in global ocean biogeoc  omponents of the sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide. we will also make best estimates of the
10512	5	will respond to changes in climate and ocean circulation, the increased complexity brings with  ods of validating models, making use of remote sensing ocean colour data, in-situ data sets and  omparison of different ecosystem models run in the same circulation codes: development of a mod  development of a module to simulate the coastal ecosystems, but useable in global ocean biogeoc  omponents of the sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide. we will also make best estimates of the
11471	5	will respond to changes in climate and ocean circulation, the increased complexity brings with  ods of validating models, making use of remote sensing ocean colour data, in-situ data sets and  omparison of different ecosystem models run in the same circulation codes: development of a mod  development of a module to simulate the coastal ecosystems, but useable in global ocean biogeoc  omponents of the sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide. we will also make best estimates of the
11520	5	will respond to changes in climate and ocean circulation, the increased complexity brings with  ods of validating models, making use of remote sensing ocean colour data, in-situ data sets and  omparison of different ecosystem models run in the same circulation codes: development of a mod  development of a module to simulate the coastal ecosystems, but useable in global ocean biogeoc  omponents of the sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide. we will also make best estimates of the
11796	5	will respond to changes in climate and ocean circulation, the increased complexity brings with  ods of validating models, making use of remote sensing ocean colour data, in-situ data sets and  omparison of different ecosystem models run in the same circulation codes: development of a mod  development of a module to simulate the coastal ecosystems, but useable in global ocean biogeoc  omponents of the sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide. we will also make best estimates of the
9981	5	will respond to changes in climate and ocean circulation, the increased complexity brings with  ods of validating models, making use of remote sensing ocean colour data, in-situ data sets and  omparison of different ecosystem models run in the same circulation codes: development of a mod  development of a module to simulate the coastal ecosystems, but useable in global ocean biogeoc  omponents of the sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide. we will also make best estimates of the
12437	3	port under the headings of: • module 1: long term variability and change • module 2: regional e  ose: there are concerns over widespread marine ecosystem change as a result of human activity,    marine ecosystem change as a result of human activity, especially the impact that fishing has
2110	8	f climate variability and change on the energy transfer in the marine pelagic ecosystem in diff  n. the project will compare the pelagic food webs in fronts involving arw and aw masses in this  d aw masses in this high arctic region. climate change effects can be studied in kongsfjorden b  hypothesis is that variability in water circulation patterns is the main mechanism regulating t  key zooplankton prey will influence the energy transfer in the pelagic food web with consequenc  ence the energy transfer in the pelagic food web with consequences for growth and survival of l  consequences for growth and survival of little auks and kittiwake chicks. the seabirds require   and associated energy flow. cruises and field work will be conducted in kongsfjorden. scientifi
2138	2	to what extent the oxygen store in the swim bladder can be used for extending the time that ca  that can be spent in hypoxic water. the alternative hypothesis that overwintering habitats are
7459	4	meece is a scientific research project which aims to use a combination of dat  ntation to further our knowledge of how marine ecosystems will respond to combinations of multi  ill respond to combinations of multiple climate change and anthropogenic drivers. with an empha  nk between management questions and the knowledge base that can help to address those questions
2178	5	cal new understanding on the impacts of climate change on the structure and functioning of mari  nge on the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems by means of an assessment of the role  rgy/carbon flow through ecosystems from inorganic chemistry through phytoplankton, zooplankton,  m will assess how decadal to centennial climate change will promote ecosystem modifications due  l research and policy efforts to manage marine ecosystems
12381	4	ustomer purpose - why is the r&d needed long term data on the marine environment are limited, h  is the r&d needed long term data on the marine environment are limited, however this data a nec  bill, water framework directive, marine climate change impact partnership, uk marine monitoring   to coordinate and sustain a network of long term datasets. it provides a gateway for contribut
10588	2	eeks to develop and test theory linking life histories with population dynamics, making use of   test theory linking life histories with population dynamics, making use of the large body of da
13329	5	of genomic approaches, to investigate a wide range of questions related to the functioning of m  questions related to the functioning of marine ecosystems and to the biology of marine organism  f excellence in genomics in europe with marine biologists who can make use of high-throughput g  nfrastructures, both in genomics and in marine biology. joining together these distinct scienti  iology. joining together these distinct scientific communities will establish europes lead in m
13833	1	two pathways; as adult chironomids with larval stage at sea, and as algal detritus. chironomids
1994	7	marine lakes are unique marine habitats that could provide researchers with new  ew insights into complex ecological and evolutionary processes in the marine realm. this rather  e realm. this rather scarce and unknown marine ecosystem is found in several disconnected islan  system is found in several disconnected island nations and comprise land-locked holocene marine  on in marine taxa, which typically lack fossil records. approximately 200 marine lakes are thou  e lakes. in parallel we wish to conduct molecular analyses to assess the level of connectivity   ting the most effective and appropriate conservation measures for these vulnerable ecosystems.
12573	1	stocks will respond and be affected by climate change.
12430	4	er do not cause harm to the coastal and marine environment. the descriptor to be researched in   spended litter, and accumulation on the sea floor. the reserach will develop a cost effective m  dentify the quantities of litter in the marine environment, the major processes that control th  spended litter, and accumulation on the sea floor.
12431	6	luding invertebrates at the base of the food chain and there are growing concerns that micropla  is might cause harm to organisms in the marine environment. the plan of work and the objectives  ticles sorb contaminants present in the marine environment, which contaminants are of concern,   in plastics persist after ageing in the marine environment and whether they are made bioavailab  how microplastics are passed on through food web interactions and what the implications are for  uantities. 5. to establish whether new ‘biodegradable plastics’ differ in their potential ‘harm
10099	6	l telemetry system for use with coastal marine mammals which may be used to answer fundamental   d location accuracy at sea, sub-optimal energy efficiency and high cost. our dual development a  s. the phone tag uses the extensive gsm mobile phone infrastructure to relay data from an anima  an, almost instantaneously, capture ups satellite data streams that are then processed and comp   instantaneously, capture ups satellite data streams that are then processed and compacted for   dertaken as part of a study of juvenile grey seal behaviour and survival.
11370	3	tion products have been shown to affect cloud formation and influence global climate. however,   to affect cloud formation and influence global climate. however, only ca. 10% of the dms produc  ation and to develop and use functional gene probes based on key enzymes to study the ecology o
11042	1	hich is important for the regulation of global climate.
12333	1	and designation of a network of marine conservation zones ; to ensure these sites are based on
12391	1	key customer purpose strengthen the working relationships between statutory agencies and vo
12408	5	acts and benefits of large-scale marine renewable energy projects to enable defra to demonstrat  nmental science needed to inform marine renewable energy deployment in the context of other req  ty and tools development to support the renewable energy sector in general and the wave energy   ich must be addressed as development of renewable energy resources from the marine system progr  e addressed as development of renewable energy resources from the marine system progresses: 1 c
10392	3	erc s science strategy, particularly in marine ecosystem functioning, the sustainable use of th  of the marine and coastal environment s natural resources, impacts of contaminants and climate    resources, impacts of contaminants and climate change, and, as described above, all with an em
10335	10	eological evidence for extensive marine food consumption in prehistory is observed in shell mid  l at many sites, while the carcasses of marine mammals would likely have been processed away fr  uggested a sharp shift from high marine food consumption to terrestrial-based diets. more recen   understood at the level the individual amino acids. indeed recent work on prehistoric humans f  ur group, employing a compound-specific carbon isotope approach, revealed a new marine dietary   ins of employing such an approach. this research project seeks to address the fundamental quest  tal question of the detection of marine food consumption by prehistoric humans by developing an  diets varying in marine and terrestrial protein content such that the compositional and stable    data obtained can be used to construct mathematical models from which the biochemical and meta  ill be used to explain trends in marine food consumption by prehistoric humans in europe and af
15300	7	the versatility of the life cycle of the brown trout makes especially interest  he versatility of the life cycle of the brown trout makes especially interesting the study of i  y interesting the study of its biology. brown trouts living in rivers with access to the sea ma  life. neither the genetic basis nor the environmental factors influencing this behaviour are kn  basis of the migratory behaviour of the brown trout. this character can be influenced by both s   for the first time, whether changes in gene expression due to dna methylation can have effects  h this goal, we will study specimens of brown trouts of the same families showing a different m
12664	2	es' and the uk biodiversity partnership standing committee has also agreed to develop and repor  as also agreed to develop and report on marine ecosystem integrity. the work will allow the uk
2470	2	hange. drivers include those acting via climate change and variability as well as those acting   ence and policy formulation in terms of risk management as suggested by the european science fo
2469	11	irly recent. during glacial phases, the sea surface temperatures along west europe dropped mark  ale that follows that predicted for the global warming, we are to expect local extinctions of t  es in the south. in addition, a rise in sea surface temperature will not only affect the occurr  scale climate regime changes provides a unique opportunity to study the differences in intra-sp  -specific genetic structure between the leading edge of advancing populations and the rear edge   studies have demonstrated decreases of genetic diversity in the extreme north of the range of   ogeographic, historical demographic and food web related tools to compare the patterns detected  tterns detected in retreating edges and leading edges of cold temperate and warm water organism   warm water organisms respectively. the genetic study will be replicated for a subset of specie  suggest changes in abundance during the study period. in addition, the trophic ecology of each   lations that are distinct, thus helping policy makers to develop conservation schemes and marin
6946	5	ty, but it is our interest. the poultry gene bank of the institute for small animal research is  ry gene bank of the institute for small animal research is serving this purpose. in our tender   n our tender we intend to determine the genetic diversity of six indigenous poultry species wit   the project is to create an up-to-date sperm bank in order to insure the long term and safe co  -date sperm bank in order to insure the long term and safe conservation of male gametes of indi
10140	2	number of distinct types of data which environmental scientists use to study the earth - in-si   of observations and ground-truthing of satellite data. although these processes are recognised
11810	2	number of distinct types of data which environmental scientists use to study the earth - in-si   of observations and ground-truthing of satellite data. although these processes are recognised
10941	13	ively important such as during the cold winter days when feeding is difficult and thinner birds  n. in theory, we should then be able to work out the relative importance of starvation or preda  complicated involving a lot of detailed field measurements, whereas measuring weight is simple   f how we can do this is provided by the house sparrow. house sparrows have declined by 12 milli   this is provided by the house sparrow. house sparrows have declined by 12 million in the last    we analysed the weights of over 10,000 house sparrows that were caught as part of the british    other five species. this suggests that house sparrows are under greater predation risk and thi  o hawks were higher than in hawk areas. house sparrows are also the most common bird prey of do  ferred prey of hawks. we concluded that house sparrows are probably suffering from the effects   y suffering from the effects of reduced food supplies because they cannot afford to put on extr  tion and starvation risk in determining house sparrow population decline. what we propose to do  nd so take conservation steps. with the house sparrow, for example, the simple recommendations   ufficient to address the decline of the house sparrow.
11375	1	niques by which diverse kinds of spatio-temporal data can be processed into new knowledge, and
7503	3	to develop the freezing of semen in an endangered species in france, goose. interspecific diff  dity and membrane lipids, resistance to osmotic shock, ph, will, where possible, measured in mo  eservation is underdeveloped, geese and guinea fowl. this requires the development of sperm fre
10366	1	tal principles, quantitative skills and research tools, and on applying fundamental knowledge a
2467	3	esis as a framework and three different marine ecosystems with focus on seabirds as examples. t  with focus on seabirds as examples. the marine ecosystems chosen - the southern ocean, the bare   these oceans in carbon cycling and the global climate, and because their ecosystems are among
11368	9	some of the clearest signs of global climate change are those associated with shifts      some of the clearest signs of global climate change are those associated with shifts in the   fish, is at the centre of the north sea food web being a major consumer of plankton and an impo   prey for many seabirds, large fish and marine mammals. sandeels are also the target of the nor  ditions may have adversely affected the early development of sandeels. this project aims to bri  h sea have disrupted vital links in the food web that have altered sandeel growth patterns and   dings will help forecast the impacts of climate change on the north sea ecosystem and also be o  e priority research areas: earth s life support systems, climate change and sustainable economi  ch areas: earth s life support systems, climate change and sustainable economies.
11608	2	osed research is to genotype the dna in blood samples that we have collected from these individ  ected from these individuals. with this genetic information we will a establish maternity of th
10323	2	are vulnerable to exploitation by other family members when deciding how much to invest in thei  stment. however, mothers could impose a high degree of social control within the family through
7307	1	n society is the theme of many national research projects in any number of parameters or initia
11082	3	results from bifurcation and dynamical systems theory and include many evolutionary aspects th  e many evolutionary aspects that modern mathematical models have not been able to capture. this  ims to explore the role of cost-benefit trade-offs in the evolution of host and parasite popula
11600	3	results from bifurcation and dynamical systems theory and include many evolutionary aspects th  e many evolutionary aspects that modern mathematical models have not been able to capture. this  ims to explore the role of cost-benefit trade-offs in the evolution of host and parasite popula
11827	3	e among 25 unsolved problems facing the scientific community over the coming decade highlighted  al modeller and a group of experimental microbial population biologists namely dr a buckling, u  where i will work on the development of mathematical models for a range of projects designed to
11741	4	larger body with larger flight muscles. worker bees in colonies with a queen sometimes lay eggs  valley in the derbyshire peak district. queen bees will then be taken to the valley, each in he  g eggs which will develop into daughter worker bees. paternity tests will be made on the daught  will develop into daughter worker bees. paternity tests will be made on the daughter workers, u
10127	4	ental change, as a result of changes in genetic diversity resulting from different levels of in  hat have been fragmented as a result of human population growth, the study could have implicati  ve been fragmented as a result of human population growth, the study could have implications fo  tion between populations as a result of human activities.
12607	1	measurements on the bleaklow plateau of greenhouse gas and carbon fluxes of peat in different c
10088	3	be able to predict these changes using food web theory, which give detailed maps of who eats w   of interactions among the species of a food web or what these interaction strengths represent.  ontents so that we can verify models of food web structure and ecosystem function. in this way
10224	3	be able to predict these changes using food web theory, which give detailed maps of who eats w   of interactions among the species of a food web or what these interaction strengths represent.  ontents so that we can verify models of food web structure and ecosystem function. in this way
2464	3	the interaction between molecular biology and animal behaviour has sparked a ne  teraction between molecular biology and animal behaviour has sparked a new understanding of mat  efish habitat due to eutrophication and global warming, presumably affecting both population de
10829	1	it is widely presumed that the need for energy efficiency drives a process of continual optimis
11291	3	theories for how social behaviour evolves in animals, which represents a  ue in evolutionary ecology, assume that social behaviour is influenced by genes. this critical    in which researchers subject traits to artificial selection, combined with modern genetic and
1974	2	ycoparasitism that is known for certain soil fungi. however, so far no information is available  al communities and 4. the mycoparasitic growth potential among soil bacteria.
14805	3	tus of individuals. this is why in many bird species this coloration is used as a main criteriu   of the problem. the aim of the current research project is to carry out a multidisciplinary ap  ion on proceses as local adaptation and gene flow. this project, therefore, allows for the stud
10081	4	ogy is chiral; that is to say that many organic molecules exist in chemically identical but mir  cules exist in chemically identical but mirror image forms. a strong chiral preference for left  ral preference for left-handed forms of amino acids and right-handed sugar biomolecules is a de   the atomic- scale interactions between organic molecules and mineral surfaces, using modern te
10048	3	1900 s charles darwin pondered over why red deer live apart for much of the year. in recent yea  nt of females by males is common in the animal kingdom and frequently causes injury to females   ese hypotheses using a small species of freshwater fish guppies on the island of trinidad in th
10226	3	1900 s charles darwin pondered over why red deer live apart for much of the year. in recent yea  nt of females by males is common in the animal kingdom and frequently causes injury to females   ese hypotheses using a small species of freshwater fish guppies on the island of trinidad in th
10896	13	vices. it means rethinking the way that natural resources are managed, taking a whole ecosystem  many attempts to reverse the impacts of environmental degradation on the people who are reliant  red the huge range of interactions that take place between the drivers of environmental change   understand: 1 the current status of the marine environment; 2 the rate and direction in which i  derstanding of drivers and pressures on marine ecosystems, the collection of observations and d  ems, the collection of observations and data analysis, model parameterisation and development,   terest to them and have preferences for management issues and aspirations for the ecosystems. w  t and potential future pressures in the marine environment. wp2 mechanisms by which drivers and  values, and effects on livelihoods. wp4 case study sites - will provide case studies in which e  ds. wp4 case study sites - will provide case studies in which empirical research and model deve  ic understanding gained in wps 1-3. wp5 political economy and institutional processes - will ev  coastal poor and resource governance in case study sites. wp6 projection - will apply establish  ls to make projections of ecosystem and economic futures. these projections will examine the im
1981	8	s of adaptation is a central concept in evolutionary biology for which mechanisms are still poo  se mechanisms is crucial for predicting evolutionary change. this is also relevant for estimati  timating the effects on biodiversity of global climate change, of which climatic warming is cur  g the effects on biodiversity of global climate change, of which climatic warming is currently   daptation. this butterfly exhibits high genetic variation as well as adaptive phenotypic plasti  netic and phenotypic correlations among life history traits have been shaped by natural selecti  life history traits have been shaped by natural selection and how these traits relate to fitnes   in adaptive evolution and the rates of evolutionary change, especially with respect to respons
2077	3	nial species of the temperate zone. the growth potential and winter survival of such species ar  . the light climate is known to play an important role in regulating bud set before the winter   ying specific genes involved in this in norway spruce by the use of microarray and real-time pc
6931	7	s purpose. this strain lacks all mobile genetic elements, and thus allows the tight control of   llows the tight control of the type and copy number of such elements reintroduced on plasmids o  uld serve as their replacement within a time scale of 2-5 years. preliminary experiments conduc  s in applications related to health and biotech industry as well. this grant would widen the cl  rectly also benefit from the grant. our working conditions will be improved by the installation  y the installation of a polyacrlylamide-gel electrophoresis system equipped with blotting modul  em equipped with blotting module, and a personal computer.
9846	1	ow growing as seedlings, by quantifying growth rates along naturally occurring gradients of nut
7124	3	is increasingly clear that the current global warming influences ecosystems and, in particular  a model organism to study adaptation to climate changes. in particular, the program partners ha  partners have highlighted the impact of natural selection related to heat stress and increased
15132	1	aim to reveal mechanistic links between life history, ecological, and behavioral develop and te
218	3	em subspecific status. according to the pilot study in 2006 both di- and tetraploids of m. falc  e specified – if and to what extent has gene flow caused changes in the characters of m. falcat   of biological diversity connected with gene flow between indigenous species and their cultivat
10620	1	evidence for changes in tree cover. for high resolution studies there are some limitations in t
7707	5	hin their territories. the vine and the olive tree is fundamental in the spaces, economies and   n regions. the scenery of vineyards and olive groves are valuable assets through their aestheti  enery of vineyards and olive groves are valuable assets through their aesthetic, historic and c  . 1- analyze the landscape of vines and olive trees and their heritage character emphasizing th  . 3- analyze the landscape of vines and olive trees and their relationship with their land. . .
14834	3	this project is focused on a medium and long term study, assessing the effects of forest fires   ng term study, assessing the effects of forest fires and prescribed fires on soils. for this pu  term effects knowledge as far as medium-long term effects. thus, we plan to continue with the r
14835	3	this project is focused on a medium and long term study, assessing the effects of forest fires   ng term study, assessing the effects of forest fires and prescribed fires on soils. for this pu  term effects knowledge as far as medium-long term effects. thus, we plan to continue with the r
14165	9	indicators of soil health has become a major issue for food and timber producers and for land   rld. the largest commercially exploited oil shale deposit in the world is located in north-east  hale deposit in the world is located in north-east estonia. today, two opencast mines and two u  ground mines are in operation. opencast oil shale mining is preferred for economics and social   n is the most suitable for these areas. oil shale mining has altered vast areas in north-east e   shale mining has altered vast areas in north-east estonia and this process continues. the heav  s a range of trophic levels and in soil food webs they are often allocated to functional groups  l food webs they are often allocated to functional groups based on their feeding habit. the kno  n their feeding habit. the knowledge of food web in soil of post-mining and reclaimed areas is
11603	1	ions of these changes may have been for human activity.
13840	6	auna has resulted in an increase of the red fox as a mesopredator in northerly areas with casca  ustelids. we will take advantage of the red fox removal programme within the eu/life financed a  ical community. within sefalo we remove red foxes in three experimental areas of about 600 km2   ity of small predators to increase when red foxes are removed due to intra guild predation. for  pulations our main prediction is that a red fox removal would result in an increase in density   nts. a generalist predator, such as the red fox, can stabilise prey populations, but if special
6935	1	brachiopods have played important role in mesozoic benthic assemblages and they
7419	1	cluding plants messicoles. valuation in action plans: botanical conservatory of the pyrenees, r
2038	3	is is a well-known example of a complex marine ecosystem. the approach can support the design o  perience with respect to the effects of marine ecosystems and biodiversity values provided by t  ingent valuation will be applied to the general public, recreationists, fishermen, environmenta
11146	4	the carbon cycle in freshwater lake systems comprises two m   description of the colonised cellulose expressed gene pool will enable us to design the tools   on of the colonised cellulose expressed gene pool will enable us to design the tools that we wi  potential, particularly in the field of second generation biofuel production.
14885	2	ted in the detection of variants of the resistance genes previously identified in the metagenom  croorganisms forming the rhizosphere of heavy metal contaminated soils and their relationships
7289	1	wever, studies mainly concern temperate marine environments and our knowledge of viral diversit
10554	5	uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide by very small, single celled organisms,   enotypes, the factors that dictate this global community structure are still poorly defined. th  ior flow cytometric sorting, icp-ms and x-ray microanalysis techniques. in so doing we will als  ally begin to determine those macro and trace elements that are potentially depleted in situ an  u and which are potentially restricting growth rate and/or yield.
10558	5	uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide by very small, single celled organisms,   enotypes, the factors that dictate this global community structure are still poorly defined. th  ior flow cytometric sorting, icp-ms and x-ray microanalysis techniques. in so doing we will als  ally begin to determine those macro and trace elements that are potentially depleted in situ an  u and which are potentially restricting growth rate and/or yield.
11283	6	one of the outstanding mysteries in the earth sciences is the composition of the core. we know   . these data further help constrain the thermodynamic models. in summary, we will use an experi   data we will develop a multi-component thermodynamic model that will allow us to predict the s  model that will allow us to predict the seismic wave velocities and density of a wide range of   eismic wave velocities and density of a wide range of possible core liquids. we will then compa  he elusive light elements in the molten outer core.
10309	9	lop models that can describe how simple organic molecules could have attained the complexity ob  a genetic pathway from simple primitive organic molecules and micrometeorites by directly obser  obtained as necessary using synchrotron x-ray diffraction. in the second phase of experiments w  phase of experiments we will add either single crystal clay minerals or idp directly to the org  ments we will add either single crystal clay minerals or idp directly to the organic starting m   organic starting material of interest. high-pressure-temperature experiments are made in exter  n data will be collected at the diamond light source and the advanced light source. the results  e diamond light source and the advanced light source. the results of these experiments will all  y assess the contribution of primordial organic molecules to the origin of earth s biosphere an
10019	8	habitat loss and climate change together represent a great threat to bio  n combination. the complication is that climate change itself alters habitat quality and quanti  r is a shifting mosaic depending on the weather conditions each year, making it difficult to pr  ive and extend its distribution. as the climate changes, this interaction between climate and h  ble projections of species responses to climate change can be made. we will develop a new appro  pecies distributions as they respond to climate change, and the importance of climate, habitat   on actions can alleviate the effects of climate change on biodiversity, and which actions are m  his process of adapting conservation to climate change. we will make the software that we devel
11572	8	habitat loss and climate change together represent a great threat to bio  n combination. the complication is that climate change itself alters habitat quality and quanti  r is a shifting mosaic depending on the weather conditions each year, making it difficult to pr  ive and extend its distribution. as the climate changes, this interaction between climate and h  ble projections of species responses to climate change can be made. we will develop a new appro  pecies distributions as they respond to climate change, and the importance of climate, habitat   on actions can alleviate the effects of climate change on biodiversity, and which actions are m  his process of adapting conservation to climate change. we will make the software that we devel
13772	4	s for invertebrate species dependent on dead wood. i will compare species associated with dead    i will compare species associated with dead wood items of different durability, as habitat pat  ies in recently dead trees colonise new dead wood items in every generation, while other may oc  rameterised for species associated with dead wood of conservation concern.
10887	6	hen images of bizarre 6ft tubeworms and giant clams came up from the depths of the pacific to r  lly be the case. we measured the stable carbon isotope values of common aquatic invertebrates .  identified such alternative fuelling of food webs before in stagnant lakes but not in pristine   ivers. of course, methane is a powerful greenhouse gas and the more we know about how it is pro  d thousands of years ago. here we ask a simple question: is there or is there not an ancient si  tise from queen s university belfast in radiocarbon dating to pursue such research.
11236	4	tised research agenda to include the uk international community. this will be done through a se  . this will be done through a series of high profile meetings including a 2-day royal society d  tional methane conferences. these broad general meetings will be supplemented with more targete  e to disseminate videos of talks, short news items and blogs of researchers engaged in field re
12020	1	ces, in particular the decomposition of organic matter showed constraints on adopting new pract
7486	2	ed to be systematically removed. at the production level, unpredictable larval survival and lar  ests bringing together various european research groups that have contributed to some important
13938	2	to airborne microorganisms which makes risk assessments practically impossible. this project i  e done using current molecular methods, electron microscopy and adapted cultivation techniques.
15373	1	determine the taxonomic . besides, this genetic information will permit us to develop new isola
13523	3	ds to trace n and c from double-labeled amino acids into microbial biomass and specific plfas.   y 13c labeling experiment i will have a unique opportunity to trace the labeled photosynthate c  eled photosynthate c into the different functional groups in the soil. molecular methods will p
10633	2	orld health organisation has identified respiratory illness as one of the leading global causes  icrobial infections within the lungs of cystic fibrosis do archaeal and eukaryotic organisms al
172	1	ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter turnover. results of the proposed projec
11761	5	t southerly continent and it covers the south pole. most of antarctica is covered by ice, but i  ngi living in the soil. the aim of this research project is to determine which organisms live i  and how they are affected by changes to environmental factors such as temperature and the avail   the organisms are affected by changing environmental factors is important because antarctica i   will be based is responding fastest to climate changes and is an important indicator of change
14936	4	t facilitate the presence and growth of microbial life in such micro-habitats. we will also stu  climate data in areas very sensitive to global climate change, such as deserts. finally, this m   data in areas very sensitive to global climate change, such as deserts. finally, this multidis  iplinary research may contribute to the commercial exploitation of extremophiles, their applica
10719	8	summary of the project for a general audience: in 1986, a natural cave was discovere  ject for a general audience: in 1986, a natural cave was discovered in romania near to the blac  stem which had been sealed off from the outside world for many thousands of years. despite bein  s to be driven by primary production of organic carbon made by non-photosythetic bacteria in th  t be driving the start of the microbial food chain, where these bacteria grow and release nutri   finally carnivores head the top of the food chain by eating other invertebrates. this environm  d cells the heavy, 13c from methane and carbon dioxide that we fed the cells using the raman mi  rse of the carbon through the microbial food web in movile cave.
2486	8	c soil contains large amounts of stored organic carbon which constitute a source for release of  elease of climate gases. degradation of organic carbon involves a consortium of microbial phyla  obial communities, with emphasis on key functional groups involved in methane production, and s  studies of the communities responses to temperature changes. this will be addressed in field an  es. this will be addressed in field and laboratory experiments by applying cutting edge molecul   and laboratory experiments by applying cutting edge molecular methods and advanced analytical   cluding pyrosequencing, microarrays and real time pcr. results from headspace gas measurements,  metabolite turnover, analysis of active microbial populations and their diversity will be used
15475	1	rs and other fractions of the microbial food web. the results of this proposal will shed light
11734	1	. this data will be used in relation to video evidence to determine the micro-ecology of vent g
1091	1	tests to the matrices of phenotypic and genetic distances. results will be further analysed tak
7019	7	il reservoirs and in ultradeep gold and uranium mines. thermal springs, which are delivering th  nd in ultradeep gold and uranium mines. thermal springs, which are delivering their water from   burg, austria, is known for its thermal mineral springs, which contain slightly radioactive wat  4 to 5 million liters of water per day. microscopic studies have shown a vast diversity of cell  sity of cells, some of very small sizes electron microscopy will be applied to samples, in orde  late morphology with specific genes and chemical element composition. the results are expected   p in crystalline rocks should provide a testing ground for development of identification method
12428	3	stitutes harm from microplastics in the marine environment for the marine strategy framework di  terature review on microplastics in the marine environment and developing our understanding of   g of ‘harm. the review will set out the bench mark of current scientific research and determine
12559	1	widely and on other genera; therefore a key element to this new project is to develop the micro
10368	4	army ants are both ecologically important and prime can   specific microsatellite probes for the army ant eciton burchelli. in the longer term, these de  ulation size of semi-isolated groups of army ant colonies and hence make better predictions for  on size of semi-isolated groups of army ant colonies and hence make better predictions for thei
14169	5	disturbance regimes, and how climate change alters these, are of particular importan  mprehension of regeneration patterns in disturbed areas enables to predict the long-term struct  cro-relief, the abundance, composition, population dynamics and growth of post-disturbance and   nd structure. linking establishment and growth rate to wood decomposition, nutrient cycling and  onomic terms, the study is important as decision making in multi-purpose forestry must be based
10278	2	ria remains one of our most serious and deadly diseases. the failure of our control stems in pa  ergence and spread of resistance of the malaria parasites and their mosquito vectors against mo
7455	6	iency power devices based on silicon or gallium arsenide as well as microwave power circuits ca   capable of more complex functions. the industrial partners expect to see the first commercial   strial partners expect to see the first commercial exploitation within three years of the end o  terials requirements for electronic and optoelectronic devices differ and it is not yet clear w  with significant new aspects due to the chemical stability of gan and the high temperatures at   o the chemical stability of gan and the high temperatures at which it will be required to work.
10566	1	understanding of their relationships to seed plants.
1955	5	sect-abundance. most temperate breeding bird species are for their breeding success highly depe  dvancement of their laving-dates, since climate changes may not occur on their wintering ground   migration at the appropriate time when climate changes, and hence may arrive too late in their  viour in adjusting their laving date to climate changes at temperate regions. we aim to study b   of these effects will be used to model population dynamics and hence the likelihood of decline
14738	5	e impact of threats such as longlining, oil pollution and off shore wind mills, which kill hund  ands of birds each year worldwide. this research project aims . this will help knowing the impa  his will help knowing the impact of the human activities above mentioned on specific breeding p  g isotopic gradients and characterizing trace element based on multispecific analyses of feathe  ll be crucial to propose management and conservation measures.
6900	1	n and training for myriapodology in the host country is also planned. expected results, based o
12520	4	health and welfare planning in organic dairy farms wp3: application of animal based parameters  luation of animal health and welfare in dairy cattle and development of animal based parameters  ion about animal health and welfare and disease prevention in advisory systems and farmer group  inimised use of medicine through animal health promotion
13607	3	ound sustainability challenges faced by democratic regimes within modernity is how to include t  his challenge more profound than in the natural resource management identify the rationalities   lenge more profound than in the natural resource management identify the rationalities motivati
6742	1	the miocene non marine sediments in hungary are regarded as deficient i
7041	3	research project p 13741 miocene ecosystem changes in t  me in basins characterized by different evolutionary histories. these deposits are rich in plan   these basins. this represents a unique starting point to study terrestrial ecosystem changes i
15510	2	dynamics on the surrounding area of the pine trees infected by mistletoe our current knowledge   nd mistletoe in particular are based on laboratory experiments and on applied studies focused o
14139	1	ew seal-fisheries conflicts in estonian coastal fisheries. based on that, measures to reduce an
15155	2	sis that cancerous cells originate from normal cells where cellular respiration has sustained d  cells originate from normal cells where cellular respiration has sustained damage is not new, i
15356	5	h groups, and will reconstruct a robust phylogenetic tree of relationships within each group ba  d by mapping different aspects of their natural history onto the reconstructed phylogeny. in ad  reconstructed phylogeny. in addition, a molecular clock will be calibrated to date major cladog  o date major cladogenetic events in the evolutionary history of both groups. moreover, molecula  us project. moreover, we will determine mitochondrial gene order rearrangements during the evol
12061	4	global climate change and other human-induced pressures                                   global climate change and other human-induced pressures on the  ributions and occurrence over medium to long term time scales in response to future environment  and occurrence over medium to long term time scales in response to future environmental changes
12021	1	rlapping, neither in time nor in space, home range could be resulted from this inter-herds inte
1951	3	selfish genetic elements have been defined as genetic elements   h genetic elements have been defined as genetic elements that will spread through populations d   through a combination of molecular and microscopic studies using dna sequencing and a variety
2003	6	he analysis of the long-term effects of climate change on bog ecosystems requires a model that    composition and carbon accumulation of peat bogs in relation to changes in climate and environ  ween palaeo-ecologists and experimental plant ecologists provides unique opportunities for impr   experimental plant ecologists provides unique opportunities for improving, validating and appl  or the past 300 years for which climate input data are available. finally, the model will be ap  ied to analyse the long-term effects of climate change on plant species composition and carbon
438	3	ces. the use of the controlled dynamics systems theory turned out relevant to develop interdisc  ue of species have been exhibited. more specific recommendations have been obtained for case st   recommendations have been obtained for case studies : intensity and timing of grazing in poite
7192	1	rent practices of crop protection raise complex issues largely detailed in the collective scien
10408	15	help fill knowledge gaps related to how climate change will impact provisioning and regulatory    data and understandings while building developing country capacity to design and implement pol  icy relevant research on the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services and rural liveliho  d integral to local and, in most cases, national economies, and are at risk of major disruption  nd are at risk of major disruption from climate change. these sites include the great ruaha riv   permit an exploration of synergies and trade-offs in these ecosystem services under various ma  e sites where the consortium s existing data bases and local relationships are especially well   ate a participatory process to design a research program to assess the impact of climate change  esearch program to assess the impact of climate change on ecosystem services provision and loca   each site. the workshop will produce a research program designed to identify major knowledge g  rchers with the skills needed to assess climate change impacts on ecosystem services and rural   ces and rural livelihoods for informing policy makers. by working collaboratively across sites,  l, economic and social shocks linked to climate change. as a result of this proposed program, o  , our partners and their communities in developing nations will be better prepared to adapt to   ons will be better prepared to adapt to climate change and to manage ecosystem services for the
11413	15	help fill knowledge gaps related to how climate change will impact provisioning and regulatory    data and understandings while building developing country capacity to design and implement pol  icy relevant research on the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services and rural liveliho  d integral to local and, in most cases, national economies, and are at risk of major disruption  nd are at risk of major disruption from climate change. these sites include the great ruaha riv   permit an exploration of synergies and trade-offs in these ecosystem services under various ma  e sites where the consortium s existing data bases and local relationships are especially well   ate a participatory process to design a research program to assess the impact of climate change  esearch program to assess the impact of climate change on ecosystem services provision and loca   each site. the workshop will produce a research program designed to identify major knowledge g  rchers with the skills needed to assess climate change impacts on ecosystem services and rural   ces and rural livelihoods for informing policy makers. by working collaboratively across sites,  l, economic and social shocks linked to climate change. as a result of this proposed program, o  , our partners and their communities in developing nations will be better prepared to adapt to   ons will be better prepared to adapt to climate change and to manage ecosystem services for the
10543	4	ons of changes in the management of the marine environment that are outlined in the white paper  ne environment that are outlined in the white paper on the proposed marine bill. we will use an  l movements collected by the sea mammal research unit, and the extensive database on fishing ef   regimes on the spatial distribution of fishing fleets and predators, on their landings and bod
7277	1	cause erosion of biodiversity in fish: global warming, invasions of species and overfishing. i
13586	3	uch biodiversity will be protected when forest areas are set aside in different manners. this i  ta from sample plots in three different set-aside types but these have not been used for this p  e cost-efficiency of the three types of set-asides, and in a method which can be used to addres
13767	3	ll be closely linked to three empirical case studies of ecosystem service interactions in human  hese cases are composed on agriculture, human settlements, forests and water, making them repre  . our models will improve environmental decision making in these regions, by increasing the abi
11838	9	th s surface and support a fifth of its human population and most of its rangeland, livestock a  role in influencing local, regional and global climate and biogeochemical cycles, contributing    ~15% to the annual global carbon sink. climate change, particularly altered precipitation regi  ese biomes. given their significance to human welfare and economy, understanding the impacts of  nts, such as during rare wet years. few field studies in arid and semi-arid regions have been l  ich provide a convenient way around the time-scale problem. in the proposed study, we will use   sed study, we will use a combination of field work, image analysis and modeling to investigate   imental plots in the savannas of kruger national park, south africa where fires have been manip   precipitation, as is predicted by many climate models, might influence the structure and above
15234	3	roduced in this lake after emptying the rice fields in winter and their relation with flushing   ity. we will deepen in the study of the carbon cycle by analysing the production and decomposit  nges induced by flushing in the trophic food web and specific plankton community composition. w
7680	4	tribution: the gradual disappearance of human activities on the site of the biological nature r  ctivities on the site of the biological nature reserve of fontainebleau drives changes in ecosy  th during the last decade, changing the plant communities distribution. efficient management le  undertaken have shown the usefulness of remote sensing to produce typologies on larger surfaces
13330	13	y applicable to european freshwater and marine ecosystems:1to assess, forecast, and mitigate th  nal and recently evolving pollutants on fresh water and marine ecosystems and their biodiversit   evolving pollutants on fresh water and marine ecosystems and their biodiversity at a river bas   ecosystems and their biodiversity at a river basin and adjacent marine environment scale, 2to   diversity at a river basin and adjacent marine environment scale, 2to provide early warning str  t marine environment scale, 2to provide early warning strategies on the basis of sub-lethal eff  to provide methods for state-of-the-art risk assessment and decision support systems for the se  of-the-art risk assessment and decision support systems for the selection of the most efficient  e dissemination to stakeholders and the scientific community. this goal shall be achieved by co  ctive tools for modelling exposure on a river basin scale including the estuary and the coastal  the developed tools will be verified in case studies representing european key areas including   terranean, western and central european river basins. an end-user-directed decision support sys  r basins. an end-user-directed decision support system will be provided for cost-effective tool
7676	2	a particularly interesting biodiversity case study because of their dual nature, causing yield   y because of their dual nature, causing yield loss and acting as pest reser- voirs but also pro
13609	1	ns in determining costs. two species of red algae will be used as test species. the questions w
10828	1	distributions under varying climate and land use change scenarios.
10120	2	to estimate the rate of transmission of bovine tuberculosis and population dynamics. the woodch  transmission of bovine tuberculosis and population dynamics. the woodchester park project was i
13972	2	croalgae. eutrophication is regarded as driving force in this process, but investigations have   ion where we systematically perturb the consumer pressure and resource supply. to increase the
2183	5	fects ecosystem functioning, as well as human populations inhabiting and exploiting ecosystems.  iting and exploiting ecosystems. hence, climate change is likely to have serious ecological, ec  the world. to date, the consequences of climate change on lake fish communities are very poorly  ctive, robust management strategies for natural resources under climate change.    strategies for natural resources under climate change.
14125	2	rch and decision support in sustainable forest management. the stand level forest growth models  ics of tree distributions and effect of forest management treatments and natural disturbances
2119	1	larval cod on these data. this opens a wide range of opportunities for exploring the interplay
14227	6	are the large range of climate-related water level fluctuations causing up to 3-fold volume di  fers, cladocerans and copepods, and the key role of the microbial loop. to assess the flow of c  s collected during previous and current research projects on nutrient loading, gas emissions, a   research projects on nutrient loading, gas emissions, and sediment accumulation. to model the   tabolism, we use high frequency data of dissolved oxygen. the internal carbon cycle of võrtsjär   data of dissolved oxygen. the internal carbon cycle of võrtsjärv is modelled and its climate s
11614	1	hy is it so diverse and will it survive global warming to answer these questions we propose usi
13722	2	rmation will enable us to predict plant population dynamics in changing environments. we will a  ies, typical for wooded meadows or rich deciduous forests in southern sweden; lathyrus vernus,
14808	2	ongoing fast and drastic changes that already takes place on earth . thr  he population level and the role of the life history, we pursue to gain a more coherent knowled
13763	4	diversity for the future. in historical rural landscapes grasslands were large, and livestock a  ss in grasslands. recent land-cover and land use changes threatens biodiversity as habitats bec  patterns interact with past and present land use and the effects on plant dispersal. in this pr  r understanding on how past and present land use influence species dispersal and diversity in f
12593	14	agricultural production and numerous other key activiti  nd are often adapted to the present day soil conditions. under climate change, the anticipated    the present day soil conditions. under climate change, the anticipated changes in temperature   nd more suitable for others. changes in soil conditions may also have other effects. changes in  al regime, by, for example altering the water storage and transmission properties of the soil.    net loss through enhanced breakdown of organic matter. this has the potential to enhance globa  tter. this has the potential to enhance global warming, so is particularly important. an unders   of the specific changes expected under climate change. our existing knowledge is built into pr  be such things as quantified changes in water storage in the soil, or the rate of biochemical p  ter storage in the soil, or the rate of biochemical processes such as mineralisation of organic   in important soil properties under the climate change scenarios generated by ukcp09. these sce   be available at a particular space and time scale, and there may be a need to modify them to s  ecipitation: 1. erosion 2. loss of soil organic matter 3. compaction 4. contamination 5. salini   with a range of detail of physical and chemical processes. changes in compaction, for example,
7681	2	rine fisheries, the dynamic response of fishing fleets, and the impacts on marine living commun  n modellers, ecologists, economists and social scientists will, produce, via numerical simulati
12359	1	resented as an annex to the iacmst goos action group modeling and monitoring
12378	3	hreats that eutrophication poses to the marine environment. a key ospar objective is to combat   time area in order to achieve a healthy marine environment where eutrophication does not occur.  here eutrophication does not occur. the target date for achieving this objective is 2010. follo
6967	3	ion ecology. they can form the basis of climate change modelling and can assist effective natur   types individually as well as in their co-occurrence. this will also provide nature conservati  ll also provide nature conservation and ecological restoration implications.
12260	2	etermined by the spatial arrangement of land use types identified management, agronomic and eco  es identified management, agronomic and economic factors as those that had the greatest influen
10493	13	estimates suggest human activity has doubled the rate at which biological  of surface and groundwaters causing low dissolved oxygen levels, loss of habitat and freshwater  ater and riparian biodiversity, lowered drinking water quality and, in some places, increased o  obally, western europe is regarded as a hot spot of riverine nitrogen flux and some of the high  ter quality significance than projected climate change impacts. recent uk work has shown that g  ta from before the establishment of the water authorities in 1974 to support interpretation of   truct the world s longest water quality time series comprising monthly average nitrate concentr  st water quality time series comprising monthly average nitrate concentrations for the river th  cter of catchment responses to changing land use and land management policy, and comparison of   se influences with potential impacts of climate change over a sufficiently long period. the pro  will help to identify whether projected climate change impacts will be as big a threat to water  water quality as large-scale changes in land use. this will enable freshwater and catchment sci   be interpreted if we are to manage our natural resources effectively and sustainably in the lo
7154	4	hnical, economic. the objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to build and deve  the objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to build and develop mathematical m  esearch project is to build and develop mathematical models stylized and integrated sequential   ematics, economics, ecology, fisheries, animal husbandry and agronomy
14479	7	the scope of this research project is the assessment of haloperidol and a  shing drive-nets performance to capture roe deer, southern chamois and spanish ibex in our envi  ound, with contradictory results and no scientific study. that is the reason of the proposal of  t is the reason of the proposal of this research project. results of the research project may b  f this research project. results of the research project may be useful to improve roe deer, sou  search project may be useful to improve roe deer, southern chamois and spanish ibex population   wadays, and monitoring stress procuring animal welfare needs to be a paramount objective to any
12062	5	endemic species are important for food, raw material and recreative activities. however, morocc  s . in terms of cultural evolution, the complex issue of the appearance and development of the   f the appearance and development of the modern human behaviour is directly linked with the huma   was the modern behaviour influenced by climate change and for recent periods, did modern human  mate change and for recent periods, did modern humans have a strong influence on the environmen
15423	3	communities adapted to low ph and high heavy metal conditions. understanding the microbial eco   in the tinto through physiological and genetic analysis that permit us to identify the princip  croalgae in the bioremediation of these heavy metal contaminated lakes.
11299	5	logy of natural populations. in coastal marine ecosystems, the oomycete eurychasma dicksonii is  to contribute to shaping populations of brown algae. it not only has the largest reported host   e. it not only has the largest reported host range among marine pathogens - infecting virtually  onii epidemics on algal populations and coastal ecosystems. however, many unresolved biological  cules that may be translocated into the host cells, and that are under diversifying selection.
11540	5	logy of natural populations. in coastal marine ecosystems, the oomycete eurychasma dicksonii is  to contribute to shaping populations of brown algae. it not only has the largest reported host   e. it not only has the largest reported host range among marine pathogens - infecting virtually  onii epidemics on algal populations and coastal ecosystems. however, many unresolved biological  cules that may be translocated into the host cells, and that are under diversifying selection.
11630	2	cially in rivers and seas. industry and government departments that monitor and regulate the le  nimal in great detail. this new area of biological science is called the omics . this project i
14448	7	the expansion of the world market of healthy foods and functional products u   meanwhile, in bulgaria the treasure of lactic acid bacteria . the original development of spec  ng the presence of probiotic strains in food products and in the gastrointestinal tract is fore  tic strains in food products and in the gastrointestinal tract is foreseen in the project. a ma  modulating effect of selected bulgarian lactic acid bacteria, determination of the mechanisms o  on of the mechanisms of adhesion to the intestinal epithelium and characteristics of produced a   the beneficial future applicability of research works in development of probiotic products wit
10328	1	divergences between major cheilostomate family groups, important in the understanding of proces
11385	4	orm dominance hierarchies where a clear pecking order is apparent and dependent upon position o   memory and cold tolerance. profiles of gene expression were consistent between a number of hie  in terms of cortisol and stress-related gene expression so may be unable to cope under the new   e whether metabolomics can be used as a diagnostic tool to predict dominance relationships. und
15078	4	plore the detailed variation of several human genome regions and its implications in order to a  s implications in order to approach the natural history of the gene susceptibility to disease a  o disease and the biological history of human populations. to do this we propose the analysis o  ee genomic regions the fist data on the evolutionary history of risk variants of the nos genes
6852	12	beyond the selective pressure resulting from the antibiotic therap  ns or to uptake of genes via horizontal gene transfer and thus become part of the resistance ge  ne transfer and thus become part of the resistance gene-pool. furthermore, there is a bi-direct  incidence and dynamics of the spread of resistance genes. furthermore, environmental microorgan   microorganisms are less exposed to the selective pressure for virulence and for resistance tha  unterparts in the host. this provides a unique opportunity to study the relationship between vi  he relationship between virulence-, and resistance genes. our goal is to investigate the incide  stigate the incidence, linkage to multi drug resistance, the molecular background and transfera  actam and fluoroquinolone resistance in enteric bacteria collected from some 160 environmental    study the presence of a broad array of virulence genes of intestinal and extraintestinal patho  ute to the development of more accurate antibiotic resistance monitoring systems, as well as to   the relationship between virulence and antibiotic resistance.
14606	1	eurasia. we propose to test whether the multiple alleles at a1 represent an adaptation to envir
14810	7	is to study the molecular bases of the immune system of the vulture. almost all the immunology  lar bases or mechanisms involved in the immune system developed by other vertebrate animals, su  efense, we should look carefully at the immune system of those animals with outstanding natural  that vultures have one of the strongest immune system of all vertebrates. given that this bird   the aid of the modern immunological and molecular biology techniques, the present project is in  cine, particularly for the designing of new drugs, or vaccines for therapeutic or prophylactic   phylactic purposes in the fight against infectious diseases.
15484	1	knowledge on the mechanisms controlling life cycles in aphids but also in many other insects.
6858	4	entricular function is a consequence of dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis or the possible   ditis or the possible late consequence, dilated cardiomyopathy. we believe that these patients,   institute of cardiology had a previous viral infection or a genetic mutation or both.   ogy had a previous viral infection or a genetic mutation or both.
11344	3	the carbon cycle in freshwater lake systems comprises two m  c phytoplankton biomass, principally to carbon dioxide and methane. in the environment, anaerob  o contrasting lakes located in a single catchment area. cellulolysis is an important driver of
6807	2	ans has still unclear parts. due to the research work of several international research groups,   research work of several international research groups, the molecular biological studies on my
6857	6	s are rare autosomal dominant inherited skin diseases with typical symptoms, and associated neu  the background of dd. this protein is a p-type atp-ase located in the sarcoplasmatic reticulum.  was found in the background of hhd with positional cloning. this protein is located in the golg   golgi apparat. extrinsic and intrinsic atopic dermatitis are common diseases of childhood asso  g in the world. different genetical and environmental factors are found in the background of th  t is a clinical observation that severe atopic dermatitis can tarnsfom to cutan lymphoma in ald
11618	3	e important for scientific research and biological monitoring. unfortunately, they are difficul   and are largely undescribed outside of north-west european coastal waters. their identificatio  escribed outside of north-west european coastal waters. their identification into named or unna
14544	2	ip of iron to phosphorous, sulphur, and nitrogen cycles in the studied ecosystem. the monitorin  ble influence of acidobacteria in their natural habitats in relation to nutrient cycling and sy
6907	4	the accessibility of reliable genetic markers is essential for variety identification  ly linked molecular markers for disease resistance genes. microsatellite markers are ideal tool  or cultivar differentiation. some plant resistance genes have been already cloned and sequenced  solation of molecular markers linked to resistance genes in apple is planned to achieve using d
10074	8	estimates of global productivity using satellite imagery, which utilise only surface chlorophy  ince the species composition of pelagic food webs is intimately coupled with other major biogeo  al functions of the oceans not just the carbon cycle, it is necessary that for models to adequa  ly predict the flow of elements through marine ecosystems the detailed structure of individual   ucture of individual components of this food web be known. thus how organisms like ppes functio  m change, and ultimately evolve through genetic change, is crucial to understanding how the mar  ge, is crucial to understanding how the marine ecosystem responds to and changes the chemical e  l environment and so ultimately affects global climate.
7368	2	chromosome xix poplar wears qualitative resistance genes and partial resistance to leaf rust th  istance genes and partial resistance to leaf rust the. we wish to study the molecular diversity
10186	2	n large amounts into the biosphere from natural sources. little is known about the biogeochemis   based on 16s rrna genes and functional gene probes based on a novel methyltransferase found in
11087	4	nodule symbiosis is mediated by species-specific chemical signals. we aim to understand how the  mbiosis is mediated by species-specific chemical signals. we aim to understand how the diversit  d how the diversity of signals from its host plants influences genetic polymorphism in rhizobiu  signals; 3. determine which polymorphic amino acid substitutions in the nodd receptor protein a
11470	1	opened up the potential to analyse the molecular evolution of the genes underlying flowering t
7595	1	wo families of candidates characterized resistance genes in common bean. the sequence polymorph
14926	6	, so far very little is known about the molecular evolution underlying floral diversification a  hich it is specified by the myb-related transcription factor div. in the hinge region and the t  elated transcription factor div. in the hinge region and the throat of the tube there are three  ls are specified by another myb-related transcription factor, ml1, which is under the control o  s in this order. therefore, mapping the evolutionary history of the ml1 and div genes will help  a particular pollination syndromes. our working hypothesis allows two possible scenarios. in th
15045	6	, so far very little is known about the molecular evolution underlying floral diversification a  hich it is specified by the myb-related transcription factor div. in the hinge region and the t  elated transcription factor div. in the hinge region and the throat of the tube there are three  ls are specified by another myb-related transcription factor, ml1, which is under the control o  s in this order. therefore, mapping the evolutionary history of the ml1 and div genes will help  o a particular pollination syndrome. my working hypothesis allows two possible scenarios. in th
10843	11	barriers to gene flow play a central role in many topics of evoluti             barriers to gene flow play a central role in many topics of evolutionary genetics. s  w play a central role in many topics of evolutionary genetics. species barriers between ecologi  rids. hence, hybrid populations offer a powerful tool for the genetic analysis of adaptively im  pulations offer a powerful tool for the genetic analysis of adaptively important traits - suite  are especially important in the face of global climate change. perhaps the biggest impediment t  ecially important in the face of global climate change. perhaps the biggest impediment to unloc  udy of disease-related genes in admixed human populations. the same methodology is applicable t   setting, i.e., extensive interspecific gene flow, pronounced interspecific character differenc  nsights into the nature of a barrier to gene flow between two ecologically divergent populus sp   admixture ld mapping as a tool for the genetic analysis of adaptively important traits in tree
6811	6	o determine the differences between the domestic animal breeds by molecular genetic methods and  production is growing on and not in the mass production. the requirements of meat quality are d  quantity of fat, but the composition of fatty acids and different amino acids. the aim of the p  omposition of fatty acids and different amino acids. the aim of the project is to get data abou  ortant for the science in comparison of genetic distance between breeds and they can be used al  of preservation of genetic resources of domestic animal breeds threatened by extinction.
7004	2	ient and ecological control strategies. white grub predators will be identified by specific dna  systems. this will provide an important step forward in applied and basic ecosystem-research.
7304	2	omes, a cytogenomics approach combining molecular biology, fish and immunocytochemistry, if mol  ology, fish and immunocytochemistry, if molecular structures exist, explaining that particular
14101	1	concerns have been expressed that some synthetic chemicals, released into the environment may
14210	8	xchange. they are surrounded by pair of guard cells which play a central role in the regulation  ded by pair of guard cells which play a central role in the regulation carbon dioxide uptake at  h play a central role in the regulation carbon dioxide uptake at minimal loss of water. this is  1 gene encodes an essential subunit for guard cell plasma membrane s-type anion channel functio  des an essential subunit for guard cell plasma membrane s-type anion channel function or regula  n or regulation. it has been shown that guard cell anion channels are regulated by number of re  y number of regulatory proteins such as protein kinases and phosphatases. thus it is very likel  oughput screening of new components for signaling pathways leading to stomatal closure in respo
6777	4	, that is traditionally thought of as a connective tissue disease. while a spectrum of mutation  onal relationship between altered abcc6 gene products and the pxe phenotype is still unknown. t  nsporter utilizing various heterologous expression systems and experimental strategies on trans  trategies on transport biochemistry and cell biology.
10104	5	the discovery and exploration of hydrothermal vents has revealed communities of organism  most widespread. the objectives of this research proposal are to establish a dna based phylogen  phide -dependent communities, including hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. the work will be car  ried out in the zoology department, the natural history museum, london using species collected   ranging from intertidal mangrove mud to hydrothermal vents.
15007	2	, populations, races, etc reflect their evolutionary history . the results from these compared   ical analyses can also help to optimize conservation efforts.
14590	1	mountain ungulates distributed over the mountain ranges of southern europe, the taurus mountain
14912	5	stropods, and will reconstruct a robust phylogenetic tree of gastropod relationships based on t   pulmonata. moreover, we will determine mitochondrial gene order rearrangements during the evol  evolution of gastropods. in addition, a molecular clock will be calibrated to date major cladog  o date major cladogenetic events in the evolutionary history of gastropods. main evolutionary t  d by mapping different aspects of their natural history onto the reconstructed phylogeny. final
14811	2	subfamily chrysomelinae based upon the nucleotide sequences of five nuclear and mitochondrial   ucleotide sequences of five nuclear and mitochondrial gene fragments: 28s, 18s, 16s, 12s and co
15435	4	recover. in this project we propose to follow-up previous projects in which we have begun to a  iversity, both highly threatened due to human activity: the mediterranean basin and the brasili  d on their success as colonizers and/or long term inhabitants of a stable region. basing on the  evious projects that have unveiled many interesting questions on the systematics, phylogeograph
15167	1	tetraclinis is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the cypress family or, on the contr
10352	1	be investigated in detail by monitoring gene expression in the root-associated bacteria and in
14631	2	shell morphology and the anatomy of the reproductive system, both aspects subjected to very dif  of the molecular methods. to obtain the genetic distances between the different taxa involved.
15030	4	shell morphology and the anatomy of the reproductive system, both aspects subjected to very dif  enital system morphology. to obtain the genetic distances between the different taxa involved.   ctive stimulatory system and associated reproductive organs. to propose a phylogeny of the heli  etic inference methods to construct the phylogenetic trees summarising the evolutionay history
12410	6	levels that do not adversely affect the marine environment.` continuous low frequency sound has  rovide information on trends in ambient noise levels measured by observation stations. however,  n be used to deploy data recorder. in a pilot project, data on ambient noise will be collected   strategic sites to assess site specific sound levels and to investigate seasonal variation of a  he directive, including the location of monitoring stations the equipment necessary and the mos  lso will look at the establishment of a base level for ambient noise.
14523	1	ing an advancement in the monitoring of air quality with moss, by using biotests. for this it w
12403	4	ogical effect techniques, combined with analytical chemistry and ecology, provide powerful inve   tools for assessing the quality of the marine environment. animal sentinels integrate the effe   sentinels integrate the effects of all hazardous substances present and can discriminate chemi  is project has 5 main aims: 1 develop a road map for change under the wfd. this project will co
13708	4	ring long-term sustainability, accurate census data are of fundamental importance. without robu  ances offer reliable tools to monitor a wide range of population parameters. but despite their   al university and the tanzania wildlife research institute, in charge of all wildlife research   e use, preservation of biodiversity and economic development.
15392	4	habitats due to changes in traditional land uses, and the global warming . a thorough explorat  anges in traditional land uses, and the global warming . a thorough exploratory study of the wh  h future changes in biodiversity due to global warming will occur, depending on the responses o  he responses of different biogeographic affinity groups.
15024	3	the survival of hgh mountain flora and plant communities is threatened by diverse factors, all  led global change. it is a flora with a high degree of endemicity and / or, in some cases, rare  n of temperature, relative dampness and solar radiation of the studied plots, as well as the ed
12741	1	ose of the mene project is to procure a sample survey of the adult population in england for a
12609	2	mateur gardeners, professional growers, private sector landscapers and local authorities. the p  growers, private sector landscapers and local authorities. the previous figures for sales durin
14967	2	intergenic spacers, ef-1a, ß-tubuline, chitin synthase 1 and other structural genes, in order   8s, 18s rdna genes, obtained with eight restriction enzymes, will allow molecular identificatio
7002	1	post-doc, a half-day technician, and a graduate student to weaken the taxonomic impediment.
7024	1	grant , mainly to finance a postdoc, a graduate student, and a technician.
7000	1	research project p 14778 monograph of the urostyllids ,
13814	4	ant agri-environmental support, but the cost-effectiveness of these schemes—in terms of biodive  del that is suitable for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of conservation policy. this will be  or evaluating the cost-effectiveness of conservation policy. this will be achieved through tran  ic aspects of the problem into the same mathematical model. in addition to ecological-economic
7265	1	s between development, biodiversity and climate change; - mobilize naturalists local knowledge
14497	4	classification of blood cells in reptiles, including the loggerhead sea t  s in reptiles, including the loggerhead sea turtle . description of the morphologic characteris  n of the morphologic characteristics of blood cells by using a transmission electronic microsco  icroscope. comparative study with other sea turtles species.
14732	1	ht throw new light on the assessment of morphogenetic processes that operate in the development
15365	5	ring a decade in estuaries and adjacent coastal waters of cantabria and the basque country have  gain insight into the morphological and genetic diversity of the genus, different estuaries and   different estuaries and their adjacent coastal waters of cantabria and the basque country will  uaries with different geomorphology and land uses makes of this coastal zone an area of great i  e different genotypes contain the toxin domoic acid.
14552	1	hological and functional variability of cork oak of quercus suber adults and their offspring. 4
13358	4	untries for plant genetic resources and plant diversity in the world. many agricultural plant s  ilizations during the old times. though home country of cowpea is uncertain and it is believed   ry. the large distribution, natural and artificial selections by farmers resulted in the high d   landraces by screening the material at field conditions. for this purpose cowpea landraces at
15179	2	ocus on the cranium of neanderthals and modern humans. it aims to develop a 4d model of morphol   in anatomical continuity. the proposed research project is of interdisciplinary nature and its
7029	1	f the millennium, foissner et al. . the financial support needed amounts to about 299,000 euro,
11254	4	uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide by small photosynthetic plants called ph   be used as food by small single celled grazing animals called protists. it is the interaction   ocesses of mortality, together with the defence mechanisms that the cyanobacteria have develope   developed, which are the focus of this research project. we would like to find out whether the
11494	4	uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide by small photosynthetic plants called ph   be used as food by small single celled grazing animals called protists. it is the interaction   ocesses of mortality, together with the defence mechanisms that the cyanobacteria have develope   developed, which are the focus of this research project. we would like to find out whether the
11029	5	ankton , and their photosynthesis draws carbon dioxide are bringing great advances, but we stil  entists have revealed how important the natural death of phytoplankton could be for the energy   lankton could be for the energy flow of marine ecosystems: in some cases, more than half of the  at our ideas of how energy flows in the food web may be simplistic. the research that we propos  ide and die in the vast expanses of our blue planet.
7474	5	relevant to sustainable development in mountain regions. mountain.trip will start where other   ships between users and researchers. eu research projects generally focus on elucidating truths  practitioners or the interested public. research projects often produce valuable results, metho  sually exist in forms recognized by the research community but not easily or quickly assimilate  zens and industry of the most important mountain regions of europe, hereafter referred to in th
10117	2	the mres programme was instituted in academic year 2000/2001 as a way of providing a more in  ining degree but still offer students a wide range of relevant modules. this grant supports 3 f
9850	2	the course aims to provide graduate students with both a theoretical grounding and  ls deregulate the homeostasis of normal cellular processes. this grant supports three full stud
10110	1	my and systematics, and experience with computer applications. this grant supports 4 full stude
10871	3	eas of human concern - judicial reform, political economy, spatial planning, poverty alleviatio  nstitutional capacity, agriculture, and population growth, in addition to the hard science of b  d population growth, in addition to the hard science of biodiversity and ecology. this grant su
10386	1	ach to understanding the functioning of river basin systems as an essential prerequisite for th
10373	1	o constructively appraise the merits of different approaches to achieving nature conservation o
10876	1	pecialist knowledge to either undertake doctoral research in the fields incorporated within the
10864	8	ide the highest standard of training of environmental scientists and managers, who will become   elds, whether in consultancy, research, government bodies, ngos, industry or commerce, both nat  e, both nationally and internationally. key elements include the provision of a holistic unders  terdisciplinary complexities underlying environmental issues, integrating science, technology,    with an in-depth education in the more specific areas addressed by the 8 second term options:   nt, global environmental change policy, health risk assessment policy and management, water man  bal environmental change policy, health risk assessment policy and management, water management  olicy and management, water management, energy policy, environmental economics and policy, busi
10872	1	unding in the principles and methods of earth science with reference to their application in ar
11374	1	er an academic, research and commercial job market. this grant supports 4 full studentships for
11648	3	f the theoretical basis of geographical information science. - to familiarise students with the  in teams. - to develop presentation and communication skills so graduates can interact with the  mbers of a team, lecturers, clients and senior management. this grant supports 3 full studentsh
11126	1	nformatics or survey, or for careers in biodiversity research and biodiversity management. this
11131	1	conservation is to train students in a wide range of disciplines, from computer based to field
10394	2	rch, environmental science teaching and business development by offering the only truly interna  lly-oriented interdisciplinary advanced training programme in coastal management. this grant su
1082	1	the proposed research project aims to investigate, through a multidi
7110	2	in areas where these species subject to conservation measures. the situation generated by the r  tion generated by the reintroduction of griffon vultures in the causses had specifically been s
14363	1	plant species co-exist, the success of remote sensing and multi-temporal image classification
13974	2	ocontrol agent phlebiopsis gigantea and endangered species phlebia centrifuga, were occasionall   human impact on fungal biodiversity in forest ecosystems.
7698	3	he goal of our proposal is to develop a mathematical model adapted to the constraints of multi    abstraction, implementing computerized data mining and large-scale simulation. it will aim to   on. it will aim to help the decision on land use planning and in particular the areas involved
1086	7	human activity is the most important source of modifica  in italy affected by different types of human activities, like tourism, hunting and fishing, to  ebrate populations will be performed on loggerhead turtle caretta caretta and fallow deer dama   n loggerhead turtle caretta caretta and fallow deer dama dama as reference species. effects of   ied on two widespread ungulate species, roe deer capreolus capreolus and wild boar sus scrofa,   ecies, roe deer capreolus capreolus and wild boar sus scrofa, whereas those due to fishing and   rate species and the sustainable use of natural resources.
522	5	ch propositions: this pluridisciplinary research programme lies within the axis 1/ territorial   so part of axis 3, interactions between economic policy, social dynamics and preservation of bi   generated by the reintroduction of the griffon vulture in the grands causses was particularly   umented situation, which is that of the griffon vulture in the grands causses, it will be decli  tions of the same species for which the resource management differs. it will also be adapted to
15130	4	ave been identified so far. evidence on genetic variation across populations is equivocal, depe  new areas, and the ability to live in a wide range of edaphic, climatic and biotic conditions.   and reproductive traits, as well as the genetic variation in r. officinalis populations along t  and whether it has consequences for the genetic variation of a plants progeny. 5.- to determine
13966	2	icant. focus will be on the microscopic food webs and key ecosystem processes driven by them. c  iven by them. complementing small-scale laboratory experiments, using natural sediments, will b
13735	2	and systems ecology, ecotoxicology and molecular biology. effect variables are evaluated by mu  eriments will be verified by short-term laboratory experiments.
14527	3	food web relationships are the basis of the ecosystem f   concentrations in the organisms of the food web. this aproximation with multiple tracers to th  th multiple tracers to the study of the food web will be developed in mountain lakes, given the
14712	2	landscape is the result of a continued human activity that has determined the composition of i  d: a natural area that corresponds to a national park where over 25 years not produces farming
11278	6	l for yielding unique insights into the long term trends and driving forces on marine ecosystem   insights into the long term trends and driving forces on marine ecosystems in this region, suc   long term trends and driving forces on marine ecosystems in this region, such as for example c  ems in this region, such as for example climate change impacts. this project will develop novel  ent scale effects of eutrophication and climate change. the project will also aim to quantify b  ions between species, once the external driving forces have been accounted for. the marine moni
14362	7	verlap with the spatial distribution of human activities. land use will often reflect accuratel  atial distribution of human activities. land use will often reflect accurately the spatial dist   accurately the spatial distribution of human activities, which both influence and are influenc  nowledge that is currently available on environmental factors dictating vector or disease distr  etter understanding of the influence of environmental factors on vector-borne diseases incidenc  articularly, the scale of action of the environmental factors that are the most influent. - an   rengthening of the belgian expertise in remote sensing and spatial epidemiology ---------------
15355	3	ractions among arthropods in an organic citrus grove. the main project has two general objectiv  cquired ecological knowledge to improve pest control and crop productivity. the project aims to  ity. the project aims to be a long-term research project; so far it has been active for 8 years
11745	2	mustard gas contaminated soil contains a toxic micture   lity of these populations, coupled with chemical analysis and assessment of site parameters, we
10371	4	doubt that, given sufficient time, and genetic variation, natural selection can produce organi  sufficient time, and genetic variation, natural selection can produce organisms with startlingl  behaviours, including complex genetics, deleterious mutations and species or developmental hist  nstraints - mutation. every generation, deleterious mutations shift traits away from their perf
542	2	tualisms, as ants were more affected by climate change than plants. preliminary results of expe  spond to co2 fertilisation by increased growth rate and/or by modified chemical composition of
15371	1	ther degradation. similar to subproject number one, this subproject includes a very intense wor
14672	1	tarius is initiated with a project of a doctoral thesis. besides this, cataloguing, distributio
11096	5	the boreal forest covers a vast area of the northern hemisp  boreal forest covers a vast area of the northern hemisphere and is of immense importance both e  nk about carbon and nutrient cycling in boreal forest, affect our predictions of how these fore  ictions of how these forests respond to global warming, and influence the way that forest manag   where we can see how they colonise the root systems. we will then use isotopes of carbon, nitr
14177	4	– 00052 cerveteri . with the mobilitas postdoctoral research grant i could work for two years   d work for two years in the prestigious research group of professor tiiu kull whom invited me i  r laboratories, since she believe in my research project. it would be the best way for me to co  e career of a researcher. the mobilitas postdoctoral research grant in estonia would represent
12201	2	and up-to-date monitoring of crops and weather patterns. this will be used to develop models t   the protection of the human and animal food chain from toxin contamination and to the sustaina
14107	1	erize the functions of plant myosins in organelle movement, in cell-to-cell transport, and in m
6827	1	e measured traits are aboveground total dry matter and grain yields, n applied to the soil, and
14976	1	e low. the relative permeability of the plasma membrane to sodium with respect to potassium wil
11579	2	ent for the clean up of pollution is an emerging technology. at the forefront is the developmen  vi particles behave in soil by using an electron microscope. also, we will apply to use the syn
15063	3	les can obtain and defend more easily a breeding territory near the natal areas. on the other h  ts or good condition birds. the present research project aims at answering several questions on   at answering several questions on this research topic, and has the following objectives: 1 to
13887	4	resistance change over time. initially, invasive species may reach very high population densiti   of the key factors that govern spread, population dynamics and the magnitude of negative ecolo  itude of negative ecological effects of invasive species. despite this, little is known about h  ic mollusks have invaded over different time-scales and many different predators are present. t
12144	7	conditions of biological invasions and climate change, and offer cost-based measures for fores  cies and stand productivity, and acting environmental factors will be determined, then making t  these changes. the potential effects of climate change on the populations of native tree growth  tions of native tree growth rhythm, the genetic diversity and condition, the frequency, periodi  ity due to the biological invasions and climate change will be assessed. after the completion o  mpletion of these studies, the economic-cost assessment of the native forest trees growth and c  nd more sustainable condition stands on climate change and biological invasions conditions.
7112	2	one of the most remarkable aspects of new development policies is the obligation of the socia  e of the most remarkable aspects of new development policies is the obligation of the social ac
525	2	one of the most remarkable aspects in new development policies is that the actors are under o  e of the most remarkable aspects in new development policies is that the actors are under oblig
6849	1	ts using either traditional breeding or genetic engineering technologies. this work can generat
10282	6	ccurs. over the past few decades a real success story in the study of ecology has been the long  ature. we will use a network of digital video cameras and microphones to monitor a population o  ortant these various aspects are in the real world. this discrepancy is a source for concern: l  n the population which will allow us to work out how many offspring each individual leaves in t  ion of adults. simulations based on our genetic markers show that our pedigree will be at least   meet and if they do, do they mate with one another answering these questions in crickets will
9932	9	this proposal is for a pilot project to test the phylogenetic distribution of   ic distribution of secondary metabolite gene clusters in marine environments. functional gene c  f secondary metabolite gene clusters in marine environments. functional gene chips to test the   e from the phylogenetic analysis of the nucleic acid sequence of the functional gene itself. in  pically, 6 copies of the ribosomal rrna gene cluster distributed around the genome will be used  s is essential for secondary metabolite gene clusters in which the both the rate of evolution a  evolution and the potential for lateral gene transfer mean that no inference can be made about   nvironmental metagenome libraries. this pilot project will provide a strategy for environmental  cross phylogenetic, biogeographical and ecological niche - the limited success of historical se
11746	5	t methods to control biofouling rely on toxic chemicals to kill the fouling organisms - but the  so have detrimental effect on the wider marine ecosystems. there is a strong need foor novel wa  ive stages of ulva - a major biofouling green alga. that is, this is a fatal attraction . one o  e to be stable, we will actively engage industrial partners in knowledge transfer to develop ne  fouling stable, we will actively engage industrial partners in knowledge transfer to develop ne
10934	2	the observations that rainbow trout fry from a farm in the south west of engl   with characteristics of a bacterium ag-binding protein in the gills of trout exposed to ag sug
14178	7	tic basis for phenotypic variation is a central question in modern biology with wide-ranging ap  logy with wide-ranging application from medical research . plants stay in one place and unlike    developed sophisticated adaptation and defence mechanisms to cope with external conditions suc   important for adaptation and survival. plant science as such is currently in a revolutionary p  on of new technological developments in molecular biology including microarray analysis and nex  onmental stress conditions. the natural genetic diversity in arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes will  n to extreme climate conditions. due to consumer resistance to genetically modified organisms t
12671	1	r range of stakeholders, generate wider public engagement with biological recording and further
10096	1	wledge and understanding in the area of remote sensing data calibration and validation . import
10964	1	adapted than the incoming anatomically modern humans. we will focus on the part of the neander
12398	1	his will involve assessing the existing policy initiatives and legislative commitments which wi
10656	2	a grounded framework that documents the political economy of negotiations over resource use, wh  esource use, which will ultimately help policy makers develop better strategies for pro-poor ec
11839	3	erstanding of an important component of evolutionary theory, i.e. sexual conflict over parental  eneral interest to researchers studying evolutionary biology, animal behaviour and ecology.   earchers studying evolutionary biology, animal behaviour and ecology.
9940	1	the beaufort sea housed at the canadian geological survey. this study will serve as a baseline
15427	2	n studied from arid regions of both the northern hemisphere as the world leader in the investig   of both the northern hemisphere as the world leader in the investigation of these biomes.
186	2	populations, depending on a variety of environmental factors. although growth rate has importa  iety of environmental factors. although growth rate has important consequences on offspring fit
15369	2	utualistic association with bacteria as defence mechanisms against pathogenic infections by mic  rasitic fauna from samples collected in field conditions. this subproject will be mainly focuss
13948	3	ns based on common statistical methods. neural networks are especially suitable for analyzes of  ties. it is thus interesting to develop neural networks for discriminating variation in plant c  mistry on herbivores. this project is a first step towards continued studies of herbivore forag
10648	2	ills to flying over open ground. modern x-ray micro-ct techniques now allow us to see inside th  id speculating on the flying ability of extinct species based on flocculus size. alternatively,
13925	3	rns’ responses to ‘banana as input, the computer model will compute synthetic blends that gener  ition, the project will cross-fertilize basic research by providing a wealth of information abo   repellents, an unresolved piece of the basic research
10929	6	ng fish are attracted to, nor how their nervous systems detect, analyse and process this inform  evidence is that under the influence of environmental factors such as day length and water temp  onmental factors such as day length and water temperature and the increased levels of thyroid h  lves for their seaward migration. their olfactory systems become temporarily highly sensitive a  smolts from one tributary of a highland river system and releasing them into either their natal  am or an adjacent tributary of the same river system, then monitoring their return as adults, i
13528	6	f populations. measures of quantitative genetic variation do better reflect variation in fitnes  s, but the distribution of quantitative genetic variation in natural environments is poorly und  tion between quantitative and molecular genetic variation in natural populations. i will invest  tribution of quantitative and molecular genetic variation in the common frog living in fragment  quantitative genetic response of larval life history of the moor frog to environmental acidific   recommendations for the maintenance of genetic variation and adaptive potential in amphibian p
11085	3	is generated and maintained. are there general rules which determine the distribution of speci  roof for the theory is based largely on computer simulations, not the real world. this project   argely on computer simulations, not the real world. this project will make use of recent progre
11457	1	timation. measurement of tts is a newly emerging technology that enables multi-frequency observ
14452	3	nowadays the environmental risk assessment in model insects and smal               nowadays the environmental risk assessment in model insects and small mammalians w  ntists as well as the project will be a stepping stone for further collaboration in internation
10367	1	sing innovative techniques in reflected-light microscopy; palaeontological data will be combine
10287	1	ce partitioning, which is the basis for plant diversity.
10298	1	ce partitioning, which is the basis for plant diversity.
12242	7	concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, and diffuse pollution of wate                concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, and diffuse pollution of waterways have    land and the development of systems of land use and livestock production with reduced environm  tential for carbon sequestration. their genetic diversity also provides a source of genes for a  des a source of genes for adaptation to climate change. forage grasses, especially perennial ry  ial ryegrass, and legumes adaptation to climate change through enhanced water use efficiency. t  rong role in knowledge interaction with end users and other stakeholders through a range of mec
11560	1	significance for overall productivity. climate change is likely to increase stratification in
15468	2	all those extant in the biosphere. this microbial population can neither be isolated nor charac  p have been involved in since 2005. the end product will be the description of new taxa and str
12019	4	show globally that it is feasible, on a short time scale, using modern techniques of imaging, g  lobally that it is feasible, on a short time scale, using modern techniques of imaging, genetic  modern techniques of imaging, genetics, chemical analysis and communication and by associating   oolbox for scientists in functional and evolutionary biology.
15325	1	ndamental evolutionary question. during evolutionary change in speciation, which change came fi
10560	2	microbial mats, deep-sea sediments and hydrothermal vent settings. our long-term aim in this r  ent settings. our long-term aim in this research program is to develop ni stable isotopes as a
14229	5	estimate the effect of atmospheric and soil conditions , also their dependency on trees season  s. 2. the hydraulic conductivity of the root system and leaves is actively regulated by plant,    for mineral nutrients is highest. this research project will improve our knowledge about the p  ating to the factors generating it. our experimental data give valuable information about the m  stem scale depending on atmospheric and soil conditions. the fertilizing and moistening experim
14498	4	igh irradiance combined with drought or low temperatures. the imbalance between light energy ab  truction of a reliable and reproducible data base. finally, its validity as an ecophysiological  ol will be tested by using the obtained data base in a forest study to compare antioxidant syst  ed by using the obtained data base in a forest study to compare antioxidant systems in winter a
10176	4	leaf respiration plays a vital role in determining global atmospheric co2 concen  lobal c exchange models assume that the temperature coefficient of r exhibited in short-term me  n result in plants maintaining constant daily rates of r. past studies has suggested that accli   an additional supply of nitrogen. this research project will establish the extent to which the
13613	2	rimary limiting nutrient throughout the boreal forest. previous work has demonstrated that eric  tly improved knowledge for n cycling in boreal forests.
15113	1	human activity has significantly altered the global bio
15114	1	human activity has significantly altered the global bio
10051	3	e , screen for n2 production coupled to organic matter and analyse the active bacteria involved  area as the arabian sea should help the scientific community build better predictive climate mo  tific community build better predictive climate models.
11581	3	e , screen for n2 production coupled to organic matter and analyse the active bacteria involved  area as the arabian sea should help the scientific community build better predictive climate mo  tific community build better predictive climate models.
13936	1	r techniques to analyze the genetics of nitrogen fixation, heterocysts development, toxin produ
2535	7	etic sampling entails the extraction of genetic material from hair, scat and other sources of d  search where the proposed project is to take place. project goals include the implementation an  nalytical and field methods, as well as basic research to develop new methods and fill ecologic  chnical and analytical support from two research groups in france. the projects success is ensu  leading experts in wildlife monitoring, molecular analysis, and statistical modeling. based on   tial existing data sets on scandinavian brown bears to explore, validate, and expand on the ana  c captures. part ii of the project will take place in northern pakistan, where we intend to fie
2071	2	tion. furthermore the project will do a genetic analysis of a large population that is known to  ably, and may serve as a model for what genetic changes that follow an introduction of an alien
2108	3	ructure and function of the barents sea marine ecosystem in order to predict the ecosystem resp  e ecosystem response to possible future climate change and its possible economic impact. the pr  ge regarding the climate forcing of the physical oceanography of the barents sea and their impa
2156	6	data, obtained from existing databases, natural history museum collections and field work, to d   natural history museum collections and field work, to develop a scientifically sound and objec  objective approach to evaluation of the endangered species status for the new editions of the n  f the endangered species status for the new editions of the norwegian red list . the project wi   lists 2010 and 2015, aiming to provide decision makers, scientists and general public with up-  provide decision makers, scientists and general public with up-to-date information about the st
7464	3	ds to an active process that results in cell death through apoptosis. the survival of a cell ex  form pre-clinical testing of novel anti-cancer drugs. the hermione consortium gathers leading a  s, a major pharmaceutical company and a consulting firm specialised in communication and dissem
11819	5	esearchers to obtain dna sequences from extinct species such as mammoths and cave bears, leadin  why these species failed to survive the climate changes of the last 50,000 years. potentially,    charting the migrations of prehistoric human populations. sadly, this potential has not been r  h as bones are easily contaminated with modern human dna by handling, and it is difficult to di  aining more accurate dna sequences from extinct species such as the moa and tasmanian wolf. unl
12538	3	pproximately £1.6m p.a. on provision of diagnostic services in plant health. there is continuin  st responders’ the ability to carry out diagnostic tests has already proven its worth in plant   ent of the provision and performance of diagnostic services carried out on behalf of plant heal
6924	2	production as well as the reduction of environmental risks imposed by the use of pesticides ca  oreover we propose to develop field and glass house testing methods for the evaluation of wdv r
12313	8	t aims to introduce to the eu the first major advance in rodent pest control since the registra  he eu the first major advance in rodent pest control since the registration of the second gener  t control since the registration of the second generation anticoagulants in the 1970s. the focu  ith significantly improved benefits for animal welfare. the new chemistries and pest control pr  animal welfare. the new chemistries and pest control products that emerge will be shaped by eur   from the new compounds for uk farmers, feed stuff manufactures, waste disposal contractors, th  or uk farmers, feed stuff manufactures, waste disposal contractors, the food industry and for g   contractors, the food industry and for grey squirrel management. the new class of compounds ha
14640	3	tters, it is now emerging as a powerful research tool in the fields of systematics and phylogen  in spain, bearing in mind that only the research group in la laguna have so far begun this line  ters and the various generations of the life cycle.
7562	4	method of nuclear transfer from frozen somatic cells in fish. the term aim is to enable the re  ically and phenotypically valuable from somatic cell cryobanks. the transfer of embryonic cell   ecific, but the field is still blank in somatic cells. cells to be used as nuclear donor will f  ion donor nuclei in enucleated oocytes. tune-ups will be in goldfish
7607	1	9 on larger spatial scales and with the setting up of an operation original transfer of soil pe
10291	4	re thought to be a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, slowing the continual rise in carbon di   dioxide, slowing the continual rise in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. about 8  k will also link directly into existing research programmes funded by nerc of which the project   signficant gap in our understanding of global ecology and the functioning of the earth system.
11285	4	re thought to be a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, slowing the continual rise in carbon di   dioxide, slowing the continual rise in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. a large  k will also link directly into existing research programmes funded by nerc of which the project   signficant gap in our understanding of global ecology and the functioning of the earth system.
12512	2	ctive, the most substantial piece of eu water legislation to date. the primary purpose of the w  assland-based, conventional and organic dairy farmers which enable them to contribute to implem
10667	4	bined with analysis of past and ongoing time series, to discover the magnitude of surface ph va  ph variations at seasonal-up-to-decadal time scales. we will address the atlantic, uk shelf and   ocean and nordic seas, using data from time series stations and volunteer observing ships whic  e the most comprehensive and up to date data base to access all the quality data relevant to oc
10916	4	bined with analysis of past and ongoing time series, to discover the magnitude of surface ph va  ph variations at seasonal-up-to-decadal time scales. we will address the atlantic, uk shelf and   in the southern ocean, using data from time series stations and volunteer observing ships whic  e the most comprehensive and up to date data base to access all the quality data relevant to oc
11174	4	bined with analysis of past and ongoing time series, to discover the magnitude of surface ph va  ph variations at seasonal-up-to-decadal time scales. we will address the atlantic, uk shelf and   in the southern ocean, using data from time series stations and volunteer observing ships whic  e the most comprehensive and up to date data base to access all the quality data relevant to oc
11403	4	bined with analysis of past and ongoing time series, to discover the magnitude of surface ph va  ph variations at seasonal-up-to-decadal time scales. we will address the atlantic, uk shelf and   in the southern ocean, using data from time series stations and volunteer observing ships whic  e the most comprehensive and up to date data base to access all the quality data relevant to oc
12402	2	ponses to ocean acidification and other climate change related stressors by marine organisms, b  to provide data and effective advice to policy makers and managers of marine bioresources on th
13776	7	rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are making the oceans   ans more acidic. in the last 150 years, fossil fuel burning has caused the ph of the oceans to   eans to fall by 0.1 units - a seemingly small change, but one that is equivalent to a 30% incre  the effects of these changes on coastal marine ecosystems, and the data that do exist suggest t  ecies of marine invertebrate in swedish coastal waters. the results will facilitate the paramet  ence, dynamics and integrity of swedish coastal ecosystems. this can, in turn, inform future st   the management and conservation of our marine environment, and the ecosystem services it provi
10894	5	the burning of fossil fuels is releasing vast quantities of extra carb  s is releasing vast quantities of extra carbon dioxide to the earth s atmosphere. much of this   ans. co2 staying in the atmosphere is a greenhouse gas, causing global warming; co2 entering th  atmosphere is a greenhouse gas, causing global warming; co2 entering the sea makes it more acid  sample analysis of dic and ta for other research groups in the uk ocean acidification programme
10003	7	the burning of fossil fuels is releasing vast quantities of extra carb  s is releasing vast quantities of extra carbon dioxide to the earth s atmosphere. much of this   ans. co2 staying in the atmosphere is a greenhouse gas, causing global warming; co2 entering th  atmosphere is a greenhouse gas, causing global warming; co2 entering the sea makes it more acid  t the impact on marine life, comes from experimental studies in which individual organisms as t  s difficult or impossible to capture in laboratory experiments. thus, the responses measured du  a strong uk-wide team with an extensive track record of successfully carrying out sea-going sci
10153	7	the burning of fossil fuels is releasing vast quantities of extra carb  s is releasing vast quantities of extra carbon dioxide to the earth s atmosphere. much of this   ans. co2 staying in the atmosphere is a greenhouse gas, causing global warming; co2 entering th  atmosphere is a greenhouse gas, causing global warming; co2 entering the sea makes it more acid  t the impact on marine life, comes from experimental studies in which individual organisms as t  s difficult or impossible to capture in laboratory experiments. thus, the responses measured du  a strong uk-wide team with an extensive track record of successfully carrying out sea-going sci
11687	7	the burning of fossil fuels is releasing vast quantities of extra carb  s is releasing vast quantities of extra carbon dioxide to the earth s atmosphere. much of this   ans. co2 staying in the atmosphere is a greenhouse gas, causing global warming; co2 entering th  atmosphere is a greenhouse gas, causing global warming; co2 entering the sea makes it more acid  t the impact on marine life, comes from experimental studies in which individual organisms as t  s difficult or impossible to capture in laboratory experiments. thus, the responses measured du  a strong uk-wide team with an extensive track record of successfully carrying out sea-going sci
11824	3	atorial ocean-atmosphere system plays a key role in global climate events such as the el nino-s  n-atmosphere system plays a key role in global climate events such as the el nino-southern osci  -southern oscillation and to search for observational evidence of ocean planetary wave propagat
14987	6	icular interest within the framework of global warming given that the changes induced by human   rming given that the changes induced by human activities are increasing faster than understandi  therefore, the study of the dynamics of invasive species, their interaccions with other key org  how this can be affected by the gradual global warming are key tools towards conservation of bi  y. the project propose the study of the invasive species oculina patagonica aspects of its auto  tribute to determine the impact of this invasive species on natural and human altered communiti
7397	1	local animal populations are linked to product quality or origin, are accompanied by a complex
12361	3	the uk is an island nation with a long coastline and as such the uk   nises the importance of shipping to the economic health and international standing of the count   of shipping to the economic health and international standing of the country. the levels of ma
7303	2	ican and lizard ruins, recently arrived invasive species on the island. a second part concerns   nd part concerns the comparison between island populations of hermann 's tortoise: old corsican
11452	3	roup-odour without loosing the means of self-advertisement. in adults advertising sex and fitne  mature individuals display only limited self-advertisement. the transition between the two can   isms underlying the formation of stable social groups, and thus contribute to understanding the
6768	1	attention: abundant and well-preserved fossil floras suitable for both environment and climate
2547	2	nated from hybridization events between house sparrows and spanish sparrows in the past. using   with investigations of barriers against gene flow among sparrows bred in captivity. we will mai
14635	1	museistic - to build up a collection on nuclear material of the subterranean fauna of spain.
15421	3	een predicted that, as a consequence of global warming, the distribution area of sandflies and   d will be established by sequencing the mitochondrial gene which encodes cytochrome b, thus com  codes cytochrome b, thus completing the distribution maps for sandflies in spain. our findings
15176	2	nature of taxonomic hypothesis and its supporting evidence. the theoretical perspective aims t  onomic work, with advanced tecniques of confocal microscopy and delimit and modify imaging meth
2058	3	rthern svalbard shelf through different carbon sources and in different years. ultimately, the   itivity in the face of predicted future climate changes. such an ecosystem-based approach is th  understand the possible consequences of climate change to biotic systems.
12451	2	and to use this data to investigate how climate change and fishing have impacted the distributi  stribution of catches and effort of the fishing fleet over the last 100 years and use this to i
15211	4	polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as to study these variations in   udy these variations in multixenobiotic defence mechanisms, since these variations frequently i   biomarkers for detecting and assessing pollution levels in freshwater ecosystems. in order to   individual storages and multixenobiotic defence mechanisms would facilitate the interpretation
10227	5	evolution is expected to occur when natural selection acts on a trait that has a genetic ba  ival and reproductive success depend on body size, a trait which is known to be determined, at   me. while such predictions work well in laboratory studies, results have been more mixed in stu  c basis of variation, and the nature of natural selection on it may all change with age and env  rk will provide great insights into the evolutionary processes that shape biodiversity in the w
14370	8	improve the quality of existing optical remote sensing products for marine and inland waters ba   remote sensing products for marine and inland waters based on new knowledge and to develop new  products and new algorithms for diffuse attenuation coefficient, primary production, phytoplank  ient, primary production, phytoplankton functional groups and partial pressure of co2. 2. multi  on, phytoplankton functional groups and partial pressure of co2. 2. multi-year, multi-sensor sa  ure of co2. 2. multi-year, multi-sensor satellite data archive of abovementioned products. 3. v  nkton, impact of bottom reflectance and adjacency effects in remote sensed data. 6. scientific   cency effects in remote sensed data. 6. scientific publications documenting the abovementioned
10020	7	acquisition of toxins can slow juvenile growth rates. hence, the key trade-off is ecological: i  w juvenile growth rates. hence, the key trade-off is ecological: in that investment in defence   increase exposure to attacks by slowing growth rate and so increasing time to maturity. the fac  s of optimal defences have ignored this trade-off greatly limits the taxonomic applicability of  licability of these models. hence, this trade-off lies at the heart of our proposed study. thus  es, and how this changes with ontogeny, life history and ecology. 2. parameterise this model us  cally we will construct state-dependent dynamic programming models to explore the following fiv
11044	7	acquisition of toxins can slow juvenile growth rates. hence, the key trade-off is ecological: i  w juvenile growth rates. hence, the key trade-off is ecological: in that investment in defence   increase exposure to attacks by slowing growth rate and so increasing time to maturity. the fac  s of optimal defences have ignored this trade-off greatly limits the taxonomic applicability of  licability of these models. hence, this trade-off lies at the heart of our proposed study. thus  es, and how this changes with ontogeny, life history and ecology. 2. parameterise this model us  cally we will construct state-dependent dynamic programming models to explore the following fiv
11334	8	re to achieve high standards of treated waste water discharges in particular in relation to nut  tes a new and challenging framework for waste water treatment technology optimisation to achiev  new and challenging framework for waste water treatment technology optimisation to achieve, not  ut also to reduce associated carbon and economic costs. therefore, the water industry need new   d so develop research investigation and communication skills. in addition technical training wi  considerations. whilst completing their research programme at severn trent they will receive bu  g the importance of carbon footprint in waste water treatment process optimisation. the impact   importance of carbon footprint in waste water treatment process optimisation. the impact of thi
13601	3	lated to hydropower production. present environmental law dictates that measures should be impl  ogical processes. future relicensing of water rights provides a possibility to improve environm  system needs by developing flow-ecology response curves for variables representing structure an
7544	4	basal stem rot is a fungal disease from land causing serious damage to oil   ase from land causing serious damage to oil palm in southeast asia, first area of ​​production   ast asia, first area of ​​production of palm oil. its causal agent is ganoderma boninense, whos  h is representative of the diversity of local populations. using the brg is requested for this
12616	4	acy from the past affecting present and future generations. remediation removes negative impact  fficiently in the overall economy. this research project will develop a methodology for assessi  acts such as the impact on neighbouring house prices as well as practical issues such as incomp  y applying them to three representative case studies across the country. a final methodology wi
12261	2	this project forms the focal point of the defra oilseed rape genetic improveme  ject forms the focal point of the defra oilseed rape genetic improvement network through to the
188	5	tion of long-term dynamics of dissolved organic matter . identification of dissolved organic ma  ic matter . identification of dissolved organic matter in sediments allows to estimate long-ter   lake and cachment area in formation of organic matter. investigation of dom and psp from l. pe  h from the aspect of eutrophication and climate change impact analyses. few studies have been d  ct of eutrophication and climate change impact analyses. few studies have been done on paleolim
14872	6	ink of carbon, then soils contribute to carbon cycle regulation and their consequences on clima  le regulation and their consequences on climate change. land use and soil management influence   d their consequences on climate change. land use and soil management influence soil organic car   use and soil management influence soil organic carbon content and its flux to the atmosphere.   ural and man made, fires which occur in forest ecosystems involve soil degradation that can be   ation cover establishment and exogenous organic matter addition
14453	3	ed. one of the species in focus will be willow warbler in orientation cage experiments using em  pected to migrate towards south-west to winter quarters in west africa, while the northern subs  n of birds from different subspecies of willow warbler passing through the eastern part of the
15057	3	ons due to their production of enzymes, compatible solutes and exopolysaccharides. our group ha  us halomonas. nevertheless, analyses of microbial diversity within these same habitats using mo  nt as a whole and also the influence of environmental factors on the population and which halom
15138	1	onization or host switching through the food webs. this will require the elaboration of a phylo
7559	1	originally cultivated yams and their genetic diversity are poorly understood. the use of rel
10796	1	n the oceans began to teem with complex animal life, nothing lived on the planet surface. event
14977	1	rs related to floral verticils in three case studies: of known function in model organisms will
11465	1	diverse microbial communities in their intestinal tract which may contribute to digestion, nut
11557	6	n which the different components of the air sac system appeared. demonstrating the absence of p  uld falsify hypotheses that a bird-like respiratory system was present in the ancestral archosa  in the ancestral archosaur, and support alternative hypotheses suggesting a later origin of air  hypotheses suggesting a later origin of air sacs. however, if pneumaticity is identified in pri   will demonstrate that evolution of the air sac system is more complex than currently assumed a  to the origins of avian and crocodilian respiratory systems. this work will be of fundamental i
11858	3	im in egypt and januária in brazil. the new technology of palaeogenomics - the study of genomes   to establish the applicability of this new technology to the mummified archaeobotanical remain  c resource for our understanding of the evolutionary changes that occurred during the domestica
10322	3	o investigate the evolution of parasite life cycle complexity for a ubiquitous group of organis  ts, in order to further demonstrate the important role of parasites in biodiversity. tapeworms,  ccupy markedly different niches between life cycle stages, making their study highly pertinent
10000	6	ical record. it addresses the idea that natural selection and human agency played a critical ro  ly agricultural societies. we propose a research programme with parallel experimental and archa  sees these as consequences of different selective pressures operating at different stages in th  ecies as crops over others and, through evolutionary processes, select for large-seeded genotyp  tural and early agricultural sites, and quantitative analysis of these records, will establish    those occurring at the end of the last ice age, and to human-generated microenvironments with
12394	3	objective: to coordinate and draft the climate change contribution for the ospar qsr in 2010.   ection 3.1 of the ospar qsr `impacts of climate change on the north-east atlantic ecosystem`, l  r qsr `impacts of climate change on the north-east atlantic ecosystem`, link into the productio
11843	16	many animal species have been transported across the globe b  ve been transported across the globe by human activities. some of these have become established  invasive predator species able to use a wide range of prey are particularly problematic and are  by actively removing individuals of the invasive species. removing the last individual however   necessary to continue controlling those invasive species for the foreseeable future. this is ex  trolling those invasive species for the foreseeable future. this is expensive and can only be d  d for their conservation value, such as national parks or reserves. it is also important that c  ediated by a third species, may play an important role in the success and mitigation of invasio  ected and rapidly declining mammal, the water vole that is subjected to predation by the invasi  nvasive american mink. the project will take place in the cairngorms national park, on the frin  oject will take place in the cairngorms national park, on the fringe of the uplands. first, we    them, and may then move on and prey on water voles elsewhere in a valley. this may result in r   valley. this may result in rabbits and water voles not being found in the same valley, even th  ven though rabbits certainly do not eat water voles if mink require rabbits to breed successful  re mink are trapped downstream from the national park, even though fewer people are interested   controlling rabbits in key sites in the core area.
11245	3	oxbow lakes are some of the most widespread and distinc  eparated segments of river channel into oxbow lakes. the purpose of the proposed research is to  blish the initial open-water volumes of oxbow lakes, critical to the development of theory expl
10037	4	ill integrate ground-based and airborne field measurements of surface fluxes and atmospheric co  and particles with modelling studies of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah,  es of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah, east malaysia, to better understa  etter understand how a south-east asian rain forest contributes to the formation of ozone and p
10039	4	ill integrate ground-based and airborne field measurements of surface fluxes and atmospheric co  and particles with modelling studies of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah,  es of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah, east malaysia, to better understa  etter understand how a south-east asian rain forest contributes to the formation of ozone and p
10293	4	ill integrate ground-based and airborne field measurements of surface fluxes and atmospheric co  and particles with modelling studies of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah,  es of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah, east malaysia, to better understa  etter understand how a south-east asian rain forest contributes to the formation of ozone and p
10296	4	ill integrate ground-based and airborne field measurements of surface fluxes and atmospheric co  and particles with modelling studies of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah,  es of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah, east malaysia, to better understa  etter understand how a south-east asian rain forest contributes to the formation of ozone and p
11055	4	ill integrate ground-based and airborne field measurements of surface fluxes and atmospheric co  and particles with modelling studies of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah,  es of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah, east malaysia, to better understa  etter understand how a south-east asian rain forest contributes to the formation of ozone and p
11306	4	ill integrate ground-based and airborne field measurements of surface fluxes and atmospheric co  and particles with modelling studies of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah,  es of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah, east malaysia, to better understa  etter understand how a south-east asian rain forest contributes to the formation of ozone and p
11570	4	ill integrate ground-based and airborne field measurements of surface fluxes and atmospheric co  and particles with modelling studies of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah,  es of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah, east malaysia, to better understa  etter understand how a south-east asian rain forest contributes to the formation of ozone and p
11834	4	ill integrate ground-based and airborne field measurements of surface fluxes and atmospheric co  and particles with modelling studies of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah,  es of chemical processes in a protected forest area of sabah, east malaysia, to better understa  etter understand how a south-east asian rain forest contributes to the formation of ozone and p
15212	3	and genetic influences on evolutionary trade-offs, particularly in key life-history traits and   physiological mediator of life-history trade-offs. the project aims to determine the impact of  field experiments, demographic data and genetic studies. the main objectives are: . our team ha
13481	3	se enzymes against oxidative stress and fatty acid cpmposition, at different trophic levels, at  ative stress, astaxanthin, thiamine and fatty acids. one of our hypotheses is that m74 and othe  sses. the combination of field data and experimental data is designed to obtain quantitative me
12531	2	ossible to prevent further infection of host plants. however, analysis has also shown that the   om the site. however, there are still a significant number of nurseries on which p. ramorum can
14414	2	e about the factors influencing farmers decision making. this information will then be used to   rong research environment working for a sustainable agriculture where biodiversity and ecosyste
11447	1	palaeoecology of these organisms over a wide range of scales to resolve their lifestyles, commu
14757	8	ecological records of iberia during the study period. for the holocene, this perspective will b  onships between climatic influences and human activities, while keeping in mind that modern flo  racteristics are strongly influenced by historical processes including episodic disturbance. th  ider corolaries for conservationist and forest management policies. through the analysis of pos  dge of the floras and vegetation of the study period. to achieve part of these goals we rely on  y on the construction of a database, an information system, and a monographic reference work, w  n information system, and a monographic reference work, which will be suitable to shed light on  etical and applied problems in ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation biology.
9939	3	iest extra-african dispersion events in human evolution. the number and timing of such events r  cet of the evolution of the terrestrial mammalian fauna of the plio-pleistocene. arguments for   at least the past 3.0 myr as a possible time frame for actual and potential biotic contact and
6885	2	onstruction such as cladoceran remains, heavy metal content, dormant eggs and allozyme analysis  volutionary processes due to changes in environmental factors.
7149	2	e goal was to"hang"of the recordings of global climate changes in the tropics. long considered   was to"hang"of the recordings of global climate changes in the tropics. long considered subject
432	1	ical resolution of each assemblage. the next step will be to test the impact of volcanic events
10219	1	one of the major problems in understanding how early humans intera
10905	1	one of the major problems in understanding how early humans intera
7450	8	tropical forests harbour thousands of useful plants whi  ifferent forest types and then we study trade patterns for palm products from local markets to   y trade patterns for palm products from local markets to markets which involve export to other   e sustainable methods to local farmers, local governments, ngos and other interested parties. f   variety of ways, depending on need and stake holders, from popular leaflets and videos for far  ets and videos for farmers, reports for policy makers to scientific publication for the researc  r farmers, reports for policy makers to scientific publication for the research community. the   akers to scientific publication for the research community. the team behind the proposal repres
13346	8	tropical forests harbour thousands of useful plants whi  ifferent forest types and then we study trade patterns for palm products from local markets to   y trade patterns for palm products from local markets to markets which involve export to other   e sustainable methods to local farmers, local governments, ngos and other interested parties. f   variety of ways, depending on need and stake holders, from popular leaflets and videos for far  ets and videos for farmers, reports for policy makers to scientific publication for the researc  r farmers, reports for policy makers to scientific publication for the research community. the   akers to scientific publication for the research community. the team behind the proposal repres
10647	4	n in the extent and thickness of summer sea ice. the loss of ice is predicted to increase in th  limatic warming. there may be no summer sea ice in the arctic by 2030. critically, the ice acts  level of illumination and the amount of sea ice cover. we will use this knowledge to improve mo  e our ability to predict how changes in sea ice might alter changes in the way carbon is captur
12070	7	red tides, caused by the proliferation of microalgae, a  s can lead to severe damages, including oxygen depletion, decrease of light penetration, losses  ses in habitats, and services , and the global warming. the fact that a lot of coastal dinoflag   sediment is an inflating parameter: an invasive species becoming rapidly a recurrent problem i  e resilience of the contaminated marine coastal ecosystems over time. long term surveys suggest  ed marine coastal ecosystems over time. long term surveys suggested that some toxic microalgae    resilience and the stability of marine coastal ecosystems.
15061	1	ology, fisheries, biology conservation, evolutionary biology and biogeography. by focusing on p
15145	1	zoon of platyhelminthes, elucidation of life cycles of helminths in insular hosts, and to under
10147	1	e an increasing threat to human health, domestic animals and wildlife. this project will help t
11674	1	e an increasing threat to human health, domestic animals and wildlife. this project will help t
11697	1	e an increasing threat to human health, domestic animals and wildlife. this project will help t
14519	3	e moment, the knowledge of parasites of red deer has been made by casual findings during huntin  has been made by casual findings during hunting season and sporadic studies on this animal, but  and biological, and their relation with public health. the final goal of the project is the dev
14521	3	e moment, the knowledge of parasites of red deer has been made by casual findings during huntin  has been made by casual findings during hunting season and sporadic studies on this animal, but  and biological, and their relation with public health. the final goal of the project is the dev
11339	1	t species, each with distinctive parent alarm calls and nestling begging behaviour. previous wo
15345	1	in the red deer , for which we will try to replicate the resul
10985	8	associated tools to explicitly identify trade-offs between ecosystem services and between the w   for poverty alleviation in the face of trade-offs of es benefits to different groups. there is  need for es frameworks that account for trade-offs under the complexity of social-ecological sy   understand, document and deliberate on trade-offs between es benefits to the wellbeing of diff   benefits to the wellbeing of different user groups in complex social-ecological systems. we wi  ystems. we will test the framework in a case study of coastal environment of kenya. we will dev  be disseminated amongst scientists, and policy makers to support the espa programme. the propos  oject will provide a framework to study trade-offs in ecosystem services and facilitate the dis
10782	3	marine phytoplankton play a central role in the cycling of biologically important e  ral role in the cycling of biologically important elements, such as carbon situations. data des  support the construction and testing of mathematical models. the results will thence be incorpo
11318	3	marine phytoplankton play a central role in the cycling of biologically important e  ral role in the cycling of biologically important elements, such as carbon situations. data des  support the construction and testing of mathematical models. the results will thence be incorpo
13841	4	ross-disciplinary merging geography and plant ecology. present-day plant species diversity and   t species diversity and patterns in the rural landscape is investigated. the species patterns a  gard to past land-use change as well as physical properties of the landscape . twelve landscape  sent-day vegetation is interpreted from aerial photographs and field inventories. the goal is t
10265	10	agriculture, humans have been releasing carbon dioxide . atmospheric co2 is predicted to steadi  ienced such a large change in all their evolutionary history. is this important from laboratory  tionary history. is this important from laboratory experiments it seems that ocean acidificatio  e that make shells and skeletons out of calcium carbonate, because calcium carbonate minerals b  etons out of calcium carbonate, because calcium carbonate minerals become less stable as waters  ds of times faster, it would still take laboratory experiments conducted over decades to tell u   laboratory analyses, and apply complex computer models to help make complete sense of the numb   provide vital clues to what changes in marine ecosystems we might expect in the future if we d  ake much greater efforts to curtail our greenhouse gas emissions now.   eater efforts to curtail our greenhouse gas emissions now.
10791	10	agriculture, humans have been releasing carbon dioxide . atmospheric co2 is predicted to steadi  ienced such a large change in all their evolutionary history. is this important from laboratory  tionary history. is this important from laboratory experiments it seems that ocean acidificatio  e that make shells and skeletons out of calcium carbonate, because calcium carbonate minerals b  etons out of calcium carbonate, because calcium carbonate minerals become less stable as waters  ds of times faster, it would still take laboratory experiments conducted over decades to tell u   laboratory analyses, and apply complex computer models to help make complete sense of the numb   provide vital clues to what changes in marine ecosystems we might expect in the future if we d  ake much greater efforts to curtail our greenhouse gas emissions now.   eater efforts to curtail our greenhouse gas emissions now.
530	1	unning in the territory of the regional natural park in luberon that overgrow, and more general
2187	1	mi-natural pastures have shown negative population trends. in addition, being groups with relat
6730	6	men2, nf-1, sdhd and sdhb genes, other tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes in hereditary and   enes in hereditary and sporadic adrenal tumor tissues. with the use of this research program, t  nal tumor tissues. with the use of this research program, the prevalence of hereditary gene mut  h program, the prevalence of hereditary gene mutations, which probably play an important role i   gene mutations, which probably play an important role in a considerable proportion of patients  that elucidation of genomic and somatic gene mutations of adrenal tumors will help develop bett
11448	3	k into the effect of spatial pattern on population dynamics and the pattern-generating processe  and the pattern-generating processes of population dynamics suggests that local competition and  al plants to test this prediction under field conditions by manipulating seed dispersal. if spa
2048	1	ndle such information. 2. assessing the cognitive maps of the various stakeholders by which the
2100	2	es abound, and we propose a comparative genetic study, based on statistically powerful microsat   the mid-atlantic ridge and in adjacent continental slope waters. using such a comparative appr
2091	5	roject will explore the theoretical and experimental basis for how system properties arise from  erties in the lower part of the pelagic food web. experimental work in laboratory and mesocosms  nalysis in an attempt to understand how population dynamics, biodiversity and biogeochemical el   the flow of energy and material in the food web. stable coexistence, as opposed to unstable fl  ested into each other will be explored. defense mechanisms of exchange / hosts are expected to
14164	4	fe on the earth. the possible impact of global climate change on oceanographic conditions bring  he earth. the possible impact of global climate change on oceanographic conditions brings atten  ated by a few recent studies in oceanic coastal ecosystems, while there is no available data fr  mbined with observations, sampling, and remote sensing techniques. spatially large-scaled inves
15387	4	in only 7% of its territory. a massive research effort has been dedicated to studying the caus  lutionary scale, providing an essential step forward in the understanding of global diversity p  eciation, as would be expected under an adaptive radiation scenario, we will also analyze the i   ecological diversity, geographical and genetic distance on the degree of phenotypic disparity
15390	2	otspots. by taking into account the the evolutionary history of these species, we should obtain  ndscapes are impacting wildlife and how climate changes affected in the past. this could provid
14938	4	nt. in this framework, the study of the genetic diversity, and the analysis of the historical,   icies for its use and conservation. our project proposal on taxus baccata l. is designed to cov   evolutionary potential for coping with global climate change, and to help in designing appropr  ionary potential for coping with global climate change, and to help in designing appropriate ma
11111	6	y in many traits that are controlled by genetic variation. finding the genes that control natur  tant in both applied and basic science. evolutionary biologists are interested to know what the   here we will study a classic system in evolutionary biology, the mimetic wing patterns of trop  n molecular techniques to investigate a genetic locus that controls a geographic variation in m   are suggestive of the recent action of natural selection on a locus. the range margins of h. m   adaptive range expansion on associated genetic variation.
9837	6	y in many traits that are controlled by genetic variation. finding the genes that control natur  tant in both applied and basic science. evolutionary biologists are interested to know what the   here we will study a classic system in evolutionary biology, the mimetic wing patterns of trop  n molecular techniques to investigate a genetic locus that controls a geographic variation in m   are suggestive of the recent action of natural selection on a locus. the range margins of h. m   adaptive range expansion on associated genetic variation.
15492	4	progress has been made on the study of evolutionary processes generating those patterns, which  se patterns, which is a key question in evolutionary biology and related applied disciplines. i  he iberian herpetofauna and thus design management programs that take into account areas where    take into account areas where relevant evolutionary processes have taken or are taking place,
10899	1	investigate the nannofossil response at high resolution to test for the forcing effects of temp
2533	2	gaps in the evaluation of payments for environmental services determination of policy benchmar  ces determination of policy benchmarks. case studies will be conducted in costa rica and colomb
7719	2	payments for environmental services programs are expanding rapidly a  ng endangered ecosystems, especially in developing countries where pse are presented as tools a
10409	24	peatlands across europe are impacted by nitrogen pollution and climate change, and secondly, to   are impacted by nitrogen pollution and climate change, and secondly, to develop meaningful ind   support a unique biological community. climate change and air pollution, however, threaten the  iological community. climate change and air pollution, however, threaten the structure and func   of europe. there is also evidence that climate change will disturb peatland hydrology, through  understand how the combined stresses of nitrogen pollution and changing climate will affect bio  ream-water and rising concentrations of greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere. we anticip  cipate that these negative responses to nitrogen pollution will worsen under climate change due  to nitrogen pollution will worsen under climate change due to increased microbial activity seen  y in warm summer conditions as peatland water tables fall. to address these concerns, we will d  ope. using field manipulations to alter water table and temperature, we will measure the nature  e the nature of the interaction between nitrogen pollution and climate on peatland biodiversity  ns between vegetation richness and soil microbial diversity, and how these are affected by nitr  iversity, and how these are affected by nitrogen pollution and climate change. increased unders   are affected by nitrogen pollution and climate change. increased understanding will help us de  sed by elevated nitrogen deposition and climate change. for example, we will be able to better   , we will be able to better account for climate change in the setting of nitrogen critical load  imate change in the setting of nitrogen critical loads thresholds, and conversely, assess more    conversely, assess more accurately how nitrogen pollution affects the vulnerability of peatlan  nd climate on bog biodiversity, linking plant diversity with microbial diversity. further novel  diversity, linking plant diversity with microbial diversity. further novel aspects are the biog   assays, field manipulation studies and laboratory experiments involving stable isotope technol  l adopt an innovative approach in using relational databases and gis to strengthen data analysi  ational databases and gis to strengthen data analysis and facilitate communication of the resul
13611	18	peatlands across europe are impacted by nitrogen pollution and climate change, and to develop m   are impacted by nitrogen pollution and climate change, and to develop meaningful indicators of   support a unique biological community. climate change and air pollution, however, threaten the  iological community. climate change and air pollution, however, threaten the structure and func   of europe. there is also evidence that climate change will disturb peatland hydrology through   l solution and rising concentrations of greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere. we anticip  . we anticipate that these responses to nitrogen pollution will become exacerbated under climat  pollution will become exacerbated under climate change, and under extreme conditions may lead t  ope. using field manipulations to alter water table and temperature, we will measure the nature   the nature of the interactions between nitrogen pollution and climate on peatland biodiversity  ns between vegetation richness and soil microbial diversity, and how these are affected by nitr  iversity, and how these are affected by nitrogen pollution and climate change. increased unders   are affected by nitrogen pollution and climate change. increased understanding will help us to  sed by elevated nitrogen deposition and climate change. on a national and european scale, this    and to evaluate current policy such as critical loads thresholds. this is the first study inve   assays, field manipulation studies and laboratory experiments involving stable isotope technol  l adopt an innovative approach in using relational databases and gis to strengthen data analysi  ational databases and gis to strengthen data analysis and facilitate communication of the resul
15571	18	peatlands across europe are impacted by nitrogen pollution and climate change, and to develop m   are impacted by nitrogen pollution and climate change, and to develop meaningful indicators of   support a unique biological community. climate change and air pollution, however, threaten the  iological community. climate change and air pollution, however, threaten the structure and func   of europe. there is also evidence that climate change will disturb peatland hydrology through   l solution and rising concentrations of greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere. we anticip  . we anticipate that these responses to nitrogen pollution will become exacerbated under climat  pollution will become exacerbated under climate change, and under extreme conditions may lead t  ope. using field manipulations to alter water table and temperature, we will measure the nature   the nature of the interactions between nitrogen pollution and climate on peatland biodiversity  ns between vegetation richness and soil microbial diversity, and how these are affected by nitr  iversity, and how these are affected by nitrogen pollution and climate change. increased unders   are affected by nitrogen pollution and climate change. increased understanding will help us to  sed by elevated nitrogen deposition and climate change. on a national and european scale, this    and to evaluate current policy such as critical loads thresholds. this is the first study inve   assays, field manipulation studies and laboratory experiments involving stable isotope technol  l adopt an innovative approach in using relational databases and gis to strengthen data analysi  ational databases and gis to strengthen data analysis and facilitate communication of the resul
11804	10	e only two places where sedimentary and volcanic rocks are sufficiently well preserved that the  ject deals with what is one of the most intriguing questions in the earth and biological scienc  t intriguing questions in the earth and biological sciences - where and when did life begin the  he floor of earth s ancient oceans. the volcanic rocks have information about the hotter and mo  cks have been well studied, but the key next step is to obtain fresh enough material to investi  portunity to determine what habitat and energy sources archean rocks provide to life today and   urface habitats alter over billion year time scales. this can only be done by robust microbiolo  ogical study of the icdp chesapeake bay impact crater, the first icdp project to include microb  e mineral exploration industry. in this project proposal we seek to gain support from nerc for   re the uk s involvement in the project. research groups that will benefit from access to the co
15220	3	we have now clear signs that human activities and resulting global changes are havin  l changes are having a strong impact of marine ecosystems. pelagic seabirds are one of the most  zation of the biophysical traits of the marine habitat can help us to locate feeding areas, bui
7222	2	y in the western indian ocean through a wide range of data sources, with the objective to chara  cterize the biodiversity and ensure its follow-up. the project will establish an inventory of p
12535	2	uding all eu laboratories with a proven track record of pepmv research, with extensive plant vi  rk will be carried out on improved seed treatment methods.
7173	2	ative species. the first has focused on chemical control and the second mechanical control. the  ed today. this has led us to monitor in real time the debates that have emerged on the public s
7199	2	p soil. . the complementary concepts of ecological niches and facilitation applied to agricultu  rganic farming, the interest of complex plant communities - multi-species or multi- varietal -
15358	4	namics of species in response to modern climate change are likely to be determined largely by p  ulations as long-term stores of species genetic diversity and evolutionary history during the q  stores of species genetic diversity and evolutionary history during the quaternary has been lit  erse conditions and to provide valuable background information for the development of appropria
6944	1	f europe also supported by considerable international relations in european and world-wide leve
11395	2	data for highly diverse systems such as tropical forests and coral reefs. in this way, we shall  se systems such as tropical forests and coral reefs. in this way, we shall measure and distingu
457	2	ied on these islands, even though their important role as source of material for neighbouring s  ddition to the advancements in terms of fundamental research, the transfer of updated inventori
7208	5	opment is a trait common to the species life history and own biological rhythm: the apical bud   ty of this feature allows you to set at community level, a character called phenological timing  eaks phenological timing in response to climate change. the experimental device used, as well a   for the modification of the methods of oak forest management guaranteeing their sustainability   the modification of the methods of oak forest management guaranteeing their sustainability
2083	2	an immediate and observable effect of global warming in norway is a transition in the seasona  tion in ecosystem. a lengthening of the growing season, as observed in central and southern nor
15426	1	it can be considered as a dimension of natural history that affects organisms and populations.
7226	1	imulans, which played and still plays a key role in understanding the genetic processes involve
467	1	ulans, which has and still is playing a key role in the understanding of genetic processes that
15486	7	nomenon involving reversible changes of morphological structures or physiological function in a   changes of morphological structures or physiological function in adult animals in response to   ironmental challenges. vertebrate basal metabolic rate represents the sum of metabolic activiti   sum of metabolic activities during the inactive period of the day in a thermoneutral environme  le trait which is influenced by several environmental factors. therefore, a better knowledge of  on, food restriction, osmoregulation or temperature changes, have received a lot of attention i  raints simultaneously that may impose a trade-off between conflicting energetic demands and gen
14627	1	the host-parasite relationship and its immune response.
6741	3	yme, data published in handbooks and in scientific journals are often incomplete and inconsiste  e biological sources to the analysis of active ingredients. the personal as well as the infrast  /or development of the modem methods of chemical analysis, with the attention of different chem
14953	5	ther words, between biogeochemistry and population dynamics. in lakes much is known on phosphor  n on phosphorus, particularly after the research effort make owing to the problems of eutrophic  s of eutrophication. in addition to its central role in lake productivity, his influence on sha  h phosphorus plays a relevant role. the alpine lake context is particular suitable to investiga   its role in the seasonal succession of alpine lakes. our ultimate goal is to achieve integrati
15454	8	o a fundamental component of the global carbon cycle. litter and soil organic matter pools cont  he global carbon cycle. litter and soil organic matter pools contain important amounts of carbo  rial ecosystems and their relative fast turnover rates makes litter decomposition one of the mo  e most dynamic components of the global carbon cycle. litter decomposition is controlled mainly  id ecosystems. it is a process by which solar radiation breaks down directly organic matter com  ch solar radiation breaks down directly organic matter components releasing co2 and thus, it is  ithout being incorporated into the soil organic matter pool. however, few studies have quantifi  rbon balance as well as its response to climate change. the aim of this project is to tackle so
15399	1	knowledge on the mechanisms controlling life cycles in aphids but also in many other insects.
14767	5	vity still persist, because a long leaf life span is always associated with changes in leaf mor  for different species differing in leaf life span. the aim of the present project is to calcula  e also useful to predict the impacts of climate change. we hypothesize that in a seasonal clima  s must increase with leaf longevity. if climate change leads to variations in the strength of t  ogical adjustments that couple the leaf life cycle to the duration of the favourable season, th
11099	1	s to a particular niche. however, it is key elements of cyanobacterial physiology which must un
148	3	taxonomic treatments. 3. evaluation of genetic diversity and breeding system in a presumable p  ss intraspecific variation of isozymes, chromosome numbers and morphology in some taxonomically  racca-tenuifolia complex. 5. to compare genetic diversity in some wideaspread annual weedy brom
11347	1	will also advance our understanding of social behaviour, life-history theory and conservation
10811	3	scriptions of these networks are called food webs. just like other networks from an exceptional  rom an exceptionally well characterised food web that has been collected over a period of 10 ye   hypotheses on the organisation of this food web. in the future we can then formulate hypothese
14744	1	n disjunctions. this project proposes a phylogenetic reconstruction of both groups based on the
14930	19	and limited food resources. this strong selective pressure leads to a very similar bauplan, wit  some even having modifications in their life cycle. here we propose the investigation of the ev  e investigation of the evolution of the life cycle of cave beetles of the speonomus group of ge  emic to the pyrenees, and all exhibit a high degree of specialisation. earlier studies show the  e in this group of different degrees of life cycle modifications, with some species having only  l instars. in species with a compressed life cycle the number of eggs is reduced, and in some j  sely related species, indicating a fast evolutionary process. to investigate different aspects   ects of the origin and mechanism of the life cycle modification we propose two main approaches.  to identify the origin of the shortened life cycle, and whether this is unique or multiple. by   vents it will be possible to estimate a time frame for the origin of the developmental changes.  species with significant differences in life cycle. larvae of a typical representative of the k  to identify variation due to changes in life cycle. in a detailed morphological analysis it wil  to changes in life cycle. in a detailed morphological analysis it will be attempted to relate m  he developmental process to a change in life cycle.. the second focus of the project will be th  nvestigation of alterations of hormonal control mechanisms regulating the development. in holom  yonic, larval and pupal transitions are juvenile hormones and ecdysone, and an alteration of th  ing of the hormones has been done for a wide range of insects, including beetles, similar profi  es are similar, and that changes in the life cycle are possible by modifying the regulation rat  t as it affects a mechanism that drives evolutionary processes that is not usually considered.
10087	6	family-tree. biologists refer to these family trees of species as phylogenies, and they are on  ions of years, meaning that there is no written record of them, and the fossil record is often   e is no written record of them, and the fossil record is often patchy and incomplete. because o  cing species in the wrong places on the phylogenetic tree. to be able to unravel these differen  of evolution. our research will develop mathematical models of evolution that can detect when p   are used in nearly all branches of the life sciences, to study such things as viral and pathog
2477	5	icult to establish because of short and long term natural variation as well as long term climat   long term natural variation as well as long term climatic change. accurate monitoring of ecosy  toring of ecosystems therefore requires high resolution, both temporally and spatially. current  . for future routine high frequency and spatial resolution biodiversity monitoring we will furt  erate new knowledge of human impacts on marine ecosystems particularly the short and long-term
14844	2	umbricidae as the outgroup. we will use maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian meth  s. spermathecae are an important female reproductive organ in the hermaphroditic earthworms tha
15014	1	xual characters. finally the remarkable sexual dimorphism in some species represent occasionall
14701	2	tudied. finally, analyses of population genetic variation of the iberian taxa, based on aflp ma  , ecosystems dramatically threatened by human activities, which are continuously loosing extens
10971	1	rs of mammal communities worldwide, and plant communities within britain, and search for any sy
14454	5	ultrastructural characterisation of the surface structures on the basis of the elaborated phylo   5. analysis of the distribution of the parasitic worms from mullets among their hosts on the b  . assessment of the host specificity of parasitic worms from mullets additional results expecte   the obtaining of morphological data on parasitic worms through acquiring of digital tablet and  n the clge and iepp in the field of the electron microscopy studies of the ultrastructure of th
2066	4	ologic and environmental history of the northern hemisphere shows great consistency with most o  ed in phylogenetic studies of disparate flowering plant groups. the project will utilize member  dia. results of the project will form a case study toward the development of a model for mosaic   of a model for mosaic evolution of the northern hemisphere flora, and will advance knowledge o
155	1	ined distribution data will be added to distribution maps.the research proposed will provide an
15196	4	t of study of a number of international research groups. this project focus on the phylogenetic  earch groups. this project focus on the phylogenetic reconstruction of the tribes cariceae and   carya and diplacrum. in addition to the phylogenetic reconstruction, we will carry out a cytoge   number of works devoted to clarify the evolutionary history and to reconstruct the tree of lif
200	1	into three topics: 1 we plan to analyse brown bear third topic involves phylogeny reconstructio
14793	1	lationships among populations and their evolutionary history.
7399	2	nomenon among two major groups of plant pathogenic bacteria, identify cohesive forces maintaini   of plant pathogenic bacteria, identify cohesive forces maintaining the integrity of species an
7597	2	nomenon among two major groups of plant pathogenic bacteria, identify cohesive forces maintaini   of plant pathogenic bacteria, identify cohesive forces maintaining the integrity of species an
15010	4	nes to obtain the correct species tree. mitochondrial genes have a great resolving power, but t   tree. mitochondrial genes have a great resolving power, but they behave as a single linkage gr  ving power, but they behave as a single linkage group, which makes necessary the use of nuclear  e markers. despite the knowledge of the genomic sequence of several mammals, only a few nuclear
14648	2	tization, more recent events related to human activities such as the expansion of agriculture,   f agriculture, habitat fragmentation or global warming have determined the demography and, thus
15329	2	, and contribute to the conservation of plant diversity. we propose to develop a biosystematic    fragile, especially in relation to the climate changes that may occur in the future.
6940	3	hese researches would prepare important international cooperations about the complete european   eography of these species. the study of genetic variance of the salamander population could get  opulation could get an insight into the evolutionary processes of a unique amphibian population
14697	1	is approach, we intend to interpret the evolutionary history of populations of cistus in variou
14698	1	is approach, we intend to interpret the evolutionary history of populations of carex in various
15512	5	e issues concerning the distribution of genetic variation of this species, however, there are s  ed to be tackle. therefore, the present research project aims to investigate the phylogeography  esults obtained will allow to asess the genetic diversity of populations of juniperus turbinata  s well as to elucidate the existence of historical processes that might be involved in the orig  might be involved in the origin of this genetic variation and to identify the infraspecific tax
15326	3	rgest countries in africa, while sudans ethnic diversity is enormous with more than 90 human gr  ria has only two major ethno-linguistic-religious groups, berbers and arabs. geographically, su  wo haplogroups that encompasses all the human diversity found outside of africa and if, in addi
14913	5	information about the general models of freshwater fish distribution, and the identification of  cal areas that have undergone different historical processes during their origin and evolution.  y and vicariance/ dispersion-. although phylogenetic reconstruction is the main database of thi  nus and family level, using nuclear and mitochondrial genes with low rate of evolution in a com  e minor asia, caucasus and the european freshwater fish fauna. the diversity of these groups wa
14608	3	is one of the most fundamental goals of evolutionary biology. a prerequisite necessary for the   t of an exhaustive sampling, give us an indirect evidence of the evolutionary events. whats mor  processes allows the calibration of the molecular clock and consequently the timing of those ev
6886	4	gall wasps are important model systems in many subject   sps are important model systems in many subject areas ranging from ecology to the evolutionary   bject areas ranging from ecology to the evolutionary biology. a number of species within cyinip  vel of variability may rise simply from life history. for example, among host genetic different
12060	2	oss or gains in biodiversity. this is a key issue, as we are facing a challenge of both rapid c  s areas are never fixed over geological time scale, and shift, expand, or shrink. a community i
13453	7	cal dispersal barriers by analyzing the genetic diversity patterns. we hypothesize that physica  lations might be explained by so called founder effects. founder or priority effects refer to t  ew habitat. these are enhanced by short generation time, rapid local adaptation of the resident   that buffer against new immigrants. in field studies we will study gene flow among populations  igrants. in field studies we will study gene flow among populations that span across a range of  algal blooms. deliverables will include conceptual models and recommendations for targeted moni  collaboration with authorities that are end users.
10570	3	dynamics, providing a mechanism linking plant diversity and channel form. evidence of river eng  mental manipulations to establish plant mechanical properties and process dynamics associated w  ociated with the biogeomorphic model 4. air photograph analysis to define temporal dynamics of
11052	3	dynamics, providing a mechanism linking plant diversity and channel form. evidence of river eng  mental manipulations to establish plant mechanical properties and process dynamics associated w  ociated with the biogeomorphic model 4. air photograph analysis to define temporal dynamics of
11504	3	dynamics, providing a mechanism linking plant diversity and channel form. evidence of river eng  mental manipulations to establish plant mechanical properties and process dynamics associated w  ociated with the biogeomorphic model 4. air photograph analysis to define temporal dynamics of
13946	6	oduction in the baltic sea. especially, field studies on the physicochemical speciation of fe,   en laboratory-based culture studies and marine ecosystem dynamics. there is a urgent need to br  ratory-based culture studies and marine ecosystem dynamics. there is a urgent need to bridge th  d marine ecosystem dynamics. there is a urgent need to bridge the gap between the relatively co  n the relatively constrained and simple laboratory experiments and the situation in the real ma  periments and the situation in the real marine ecosystem, i.e. the gap between the physiologica
14503	8	nthesize and emit thousands of volatile organic compounds . vocs can be stored in specialized s  erse conditions and can protect against abiotic stresses often exacerbated by global change. in  tudy the response of diverse species to biotic stress produced by herbivorism and abiotic facto  introduce the study of emissions at the community level comparing communities with different sp  ty. we also will focus on the different land uses, one of the big components of global change t  rametrization of vocs emission based on environmental factors, land uses and type of ecosystem   mission based on environmental factors, land uses and type of ecosystem will be improved with t  t will also be innovative in the use of new technologies of vocs analyses such as proton transf
9947	3	cal cycles, have significant effects on atmospheric chemistry and influence climate through the  r than those used as the models for the research field, embark upon a molecular path to underst  tigate linkages between the sulphur and nitrogen cycles. for biogenic halocarbons and hydrocarb
12558	4	e heathland species in the uk and cause serious disease on a wide range of garden shrubs found   n the uk and cause serious disease on a wide range of garden shrubs found within heritage garde  ause serious disease on a wide range of garden shrubs found within heritage gardens and the har  tuations of high disease pressure. this research project will directly support the defra phytop
15203	4	mankind needs good quality water. however, at present, many aquatic e  rnative states is well known: a a clear water system dominated by submerged aquatic vegetation   ment and maintenance of transparent and clean waters, with few planktonic primary producers, wa  n, for example, whether the increase in ultraviolet radiation that our planet undergoes, negati
2513	8	toplankton form the basis of the marine food chain and are crucial players within the global bi  geochemical cycling of carbon and other key elements . the overall ecological success of marine  d to higher trophic levels and into the deep ocean- and sedimentary carbon reservoirs. concern   . this likely relates to differences in evolutionary history of different lineages and genotype  ange across ecological and evolutionary time scales. we will combine observations in the fossil  es. we will combine observations in the fossil record and laboratory experiments on living cocc  e observations in the fossil record and laboratory experiments on living coccolithophores as a   e evolutionary models that are build as time series of adaptive evolution of algal size around
14133	4	ropogenic pressures: eutrophication and climate change. the predicted runoff changes in the bal  dicted runoff changes in the baltic sea catchment area, due to climate change, imply decreasing  n the baltic sea catchment area, due to climate change, imply decreasing surface salinities pot  ill be analysed for association between functional groups of phytoplankton and dominant grazer
12041	2	picoplankton matched the genome of the green alga bathycoccus prasinos, a prasinophyte common   ccus prasinos, a prasinophyte common in coastal waters. these data that are currently analyzed
10795	8	time, provides an ideal model to study evolutionary change. despite decades of research in thi   largely unresolved. the bones of early domestic animals and their wild ancestors are commonly   hey hold important clues to many of the unanswered questions. new scientific techniques, which   t regions. with the farmers moved their domestic animals and plants. however, europe was not an  nt in europe were some of the same wild animal species that people in the near east had already  ly farmers through europe can we see if wild boar in europe were then domesticated we will use    the data from both the tooth shape and genetic analyses, and by employing traditional archaeol  equent domestications of other regional wild boar. answering these questions will provide insig
9943	8	time, provides an ideal model to study evolutionary change. despite decades of research in thi   largely unresolved. the bones of early domestic animals and their wild ancestors are commonly   hey hold important clues to many of the unanswered questions. new scientific techniques, which   t regions. with the farmers moved their domestic animals and plants. however, europe was not an  nt in europe were some of the same wild animal species that people in the near east had already  ly farmers through europe can we see if wild boar in europe were then domesticated we will use    the data from both the tooth shape and genetic analyses, and by employing traditional archaeol  equent domestications of other regional wild boar. answering these questions will provide insig
12434	1	ic egg identification methods to a full annual survey of gadoid spawning undertaken in spring 2
10381	1	. the review and assessment of london s air quality confirms that oxides of n from traffic exce
11114	14	have defenses resembling aspects of our immune system that are produced response to infection.   oduced response to infection. among the chemical compounds involved, some may display some usef  e. however, few studies have focused on algal diseases, and data on this topic are scarce. duri  hermore, the complete dna sequence of a brown alga named ectocarpus will soon be deciphered. th   very first seaweed of which the entire genetic information will be decrypted. because of those  ow available to address the question of algal diseases in a previously unequalled, efficient ma  termine precisely what happens when the brown alga ectocarpus gets infected by a fungus-like di  inferred that algae share some very old defence mechanisms with them, but that they also have s  logenated compounds which are the major natural source of volatiles with the potential to degra  tiles with the potential to degrade the ozone layer. the fate of iodine and bromine accumulated  pathogen attack will be monitored using x-ray absorption spectroscopy, a physical technique tha  en attack will be monitored using x-ray absorption spectroscopy, a physical technique that was   eful for future studies on epidemics in natural habitats and to assess their role in ecosystem   al habitats and to assess their role in ecosystem dynamics.
10460	1	c. the results will help understand how energy transfer in the plankton is affected by temperat
12734	2	t a local level which will primarily be data collection. a more detailed analysis of the design  tructures and the resulting private and social costs and benefits of alternative offset options
14526	1	ogical approach including observational field studies, mensurative field experiments, landscape
14478	1	distribution of gi introns 7.- design a web page to spread the results obtained
7026	2	understanding the effects of plant functional groups on food chains within the soil subsys  e effects of plant functional groups on food chains within the soil subsystem and the density a
7014	2	ucture and activity, - an assessment of microbial diversity and community structure at the gras  answer questions about the influence of land use and land management on short-term controls on
12515	1	‘regional’ production by carrying out a case study of a small ‘regional’ uk breeding company ba
14211	4	hreatened species and to combat harmful invasive species or deceases. the most prevalent theory  titors will eliminate all other species computer simulations with individual-based spatially ex  ground, the latter by dna methods. with international cooperation and tight links to graduate s  national cooperation and tight links to graduate studies we expect novel and interesting result
15008	4	the climate change affects the functional biodiversity caus  der to determine the functioning of the plant communities and the vulnerability of the species.   functional characters that predict the climate change and can be used as ecological indicators  biodiversity changes as a result of the climate change in sierra nevada . sierra nevada is the
13367	3	turkey has a big plant diversity including a lot of medicinal and aromat  y local people and exported. therefore, significant number of map species habitats are degraded   all map species should be conserved at gene bank for uses in the future. in addition, economic
15506	2	iterranean europe causing a devastating environmental damage. burning modifies the morphology,    taxonomy and phylogenetic structure of plant communities. fire also stamps a genetic fingerpri
12527	1	sects, these pathogens have a number of biological properties that make them extremely hard to
12545	3	he last 40 years and pose serious plant health risks. the plant health directive requires contr  links with international fungal biology research community. close interaction with and benefit   are also part of a newly established uk research group to co-ordinate the development of fungal
202	1	tors for oxidative burst and programmed cell death.
2461	3	the basis for the activation of innate defence mechanisms against attempted microbial infectio  ted microbial infection. interestingly, innate immunity in plants and animals shows striking pa  ls are programmed to undergo programmed cell death to investigate the function of these defence
10981	10	s species of plants and animals live in tropical forests, and there is considerable interest in  hen the high diversity of other taxa in tropical forests may follow. recently, evidence has bee  ly, evidence has been growing that high plant diversity in tropical forests arises because of s  en growing that high plant diversity in tropical forests arises because of strong density-depen   more likely to die when close to their parent tree and close to other seedlings of the same sp  ence for their role in maintaining high plant diversity in tropical forests is largely circumst   in maintaining high plant diversity in tropical forests is largely circumstantial, and their e  their effects on the wider structure of tropical forest communities have not been explored full  esis that plant pathogens maintain high plant diversity at our study site in belize, central am  f the hypothesis that pathogens promote plant diversity by comparing the diversity of the seed
15011	4	f plant responses to different types of abiotic stress is one of the most active research topic  biotic stress is one of the most active research topics in plant biology. this is due to its un  ical implications in agriculture, since abiotic stress . for this, we will determine the levels  a and on the structure and behaviour of plant communities in the selected experimental plots. a
11469	5	can adapt to local conditions, why don t distributions continue to expand over time if we comp  ge in response to changes in climate or land use we will examine ecological, physiological and   range, and look for evidence of ongoing evolutionary change in these traits, and for the proces   adaptation: either a lack of necessary genetic variation or strong gene flow from other areas.  f necessary genetic variation or strong gene flow from other areas. as this species is closely
9978	5	can adapt to local conditions, why don t distributions continue to expand over time if we comp  ge in response to changes in climate or land use we will examine ecological, physiological and   range, and look for evidence of ongoing evolutionary change in these traits, and for the proces   adaptation: either a lack of necessary genetic variation or strong gene flow from other areas.  f necessary genetic variation or strong gene flow from other areas. as this species is closely
14212	6	studies on the ability of plant roots to detect and distinguish between neighbour  may include root exudates, whose direct inhibitory effect on root growth has been demonstrated   s suggests that the existence of common evolutionary history can dramatically alter the outcome  nvasive plant species may have a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of native plants in an   nt species that naturally co-occur with invasive species in their native ranges show little res  to investigate the importance of common evolutionary history in determining the character of ro
10549	8	s and conjunctivitis represents a major health problem, with up to one in four of the uk popula  four of the uk population now affected. virus infection of plants is common and has the potenti   profound changes in the composition of pollen grains. in order to investigate the concept that  ance the ability of pollen to stimulate allergic reactions, a collaboration is proposed between  ons should trigger host expression of a wide range of defensive proteins. all these alterations  nvestigated. the potential to stimulate mast cell and basophil activation in vitro will be exam  yers explored. we shall seek to provoke allergic reactions in the skin and upper airways of gra  ns to induce sensitisation or to elicit allergic reactions. this will allow for the first time
11047	8	s and conjunctivitis represents a major health problem, with up to one in four of the uk popula  four of the uk population now affected. virus infection of plants is common and has the potenti   profound changes in the composition of pollen grains. in order to investigate the concept that  ance the ability of pollen to stimulate allergic reactions, a collaboration is proposed between  ons should trigger host expression of a wide range of defensive proteins. all these alterations  nvestigated. the potential to stimulate mast cell and basophil activation in vitro will be exam  yers explored. we shall seek to provoke allergic reactions in the skin and upper airways of gra  ns to induce sensitisation or to elicit allergic reactions. this will allow for the first time
12047	3	tal constraints. how farmers manage the trade-off between intra and inter-specific diversity at  he farm level, to face environmental or social changes the aims of the plantadiv project are 1   e 20th century 3 to analyse, through an experimental study, the consequences of actors’choices
14339	1	ollection information beyond those with personal computers. belgium's plant collections are
7682	3	farming plays a key role in the maintenance of grassland areas with hig  e impacts on biodiversity of particular farming practices is a necessary step to predict the fu  nalyze different scenarios of change in farming practices and climate in their impact on region
14662	2	nean ecosystem degradation, there is an urgent need to know the effects that climate change mig  an urgent need to know the effects that climate change might have on ecosystems and their compo
10292	5	any of the largest and most spectacular land animals we will construct time-sliced maps and cha  l also look at the histories of several ice age large mammals that did not become extinct in no  ecome extinct in northern eurasia, e.g. red deer, reindeer, and horse, comparing them with the   eer, and horse, comparing them with the extinct species to see if ecological, anatomical or oth  e will reconstruct the ecologies of the extinct species from dental and other anatomical inform
11086	5	any of the largest and most spectacular land animals we will construct time-sliced maps and cha  l also look at the histories of several ice age large mammals that did not become extinct in no  ecome extinct in northern eurasia, e.g. red deer, reindeer, and horse, comparing them with the   eer, and horse, comparing them with the extinct species to see if ecological, anatomical or oth  e will reconstruct the ecologies of the extinct species from dental and other anatomical inform
7475	2	ainable consumption, which has provided compelling arguments about the difficulties entailed in  led in seeking to address anthropogenic climate change by attempting to shift patterns of consu
2185	4	veloping value-based agri-environmental payment systems linked to landscape indicators; b to im  ; b to improve the model for evaluating policy measures for qualities of agricultural landscape  ors that are applicable for value-based policy measures. the project is expected to contribute   on the project will analyse alternative policy measures for preserving the values of agricultur
14889	13	flicting up to 25% of the population in industrialized countries. allergens from dry pollen gra  trialized countries. allergens from dry pollen grains are cytoplasm proteins. during hydration   ute within minutes. the same or similar biochemical processes can occur in the mucosa of sensit  a of sensitized patients and may induce allergic reactions. although this mechanism might be re  is, it cannot explain the occurrence of allergic asthma during or after the pollination period.  cronic particles may be responsible for allergic asthma, as intact pollen grains are unlikely t  ponsible for allergic asthma, as intact pollen grains are unlikely to intrude into the deeper a   correlated with the number of airborne pollen grains. however, this correlation is not always   his correlation is not always close and pollen counts do not reflect the allergenic activity of   a microaerosol suspension smaller than pollen grains. moreover, aeroallergens present as sub-m   rather than relying solely on counting pollen grains. since year 2000 our group works in this   ting pollen grains. since year 2000 our group works in this line . we will know the suitable sa  unts to compare. finally, we will study pollen grains and others particles present in the sampl
14887	9	n, and the factors that most influences pollen grains liberation and its atmospherics concentra   air are mostly referred to atmospheric pollen counts; however the relationship between airborn  wever the relationship between airborne pollen grains and allergic symptomatology is not always  icles in the air with smaller size than pollen grains, as before as during or after the pollina  sol in comparison with the conventional pollen counts. with this project, to develop in three y  , among the proteins of the pollen, the pollen grains and its presence in the atmosphere of the  lergenic proteins with the conventional pollen counts. this will be carried out by means of a v  ing the ontogeny of fraxinus and betula pollen grains, plants that require special cold and hea  erts in the formation and liberation of pollen grains, with special interest in the pectins mod
14849	5	his project new ways of study regarding air quality are proposed, by using the methodology deve   atmospheric pollutants on the allergen protein synthesis. the project presented offers valuabl  any studies related to the human origin air pollution, which is affecting to the population lif  re only a few researches focused in the air quality evaluation regarding to biological particle  this project try to offer to the pollen information services in andalusia, that are publishing
14850	5	his project new ways of study regarding air quality are proposed, by using the methodology deve   atmospheric pollutants on the allergen protein synthesis. the project presented offers valuabl  any studies related to the human origin air pollution, which is affecting to the population lif  re only a few researches focused in the air quality evaluation regarding to biological particle  this project try to offer to the pollen information services in andalusia, that are publishing
14851	5	his project new ways of study regarding air quality are proposed, by using the methodology deve   atmospheric pollutants on the allergen protein synthesis. the project presented offers valuabl  any studies related to the human origin air pollution, which is affecting to the population lif  re only a few researches focused in the air quality evaluation regarding to biological particle  this project try to offer to the pollen information services in andalusia, that are publishing
14886	6	the fertilization of flowering plants is initiated with pollination when the  ed with pollination when the desiccated pollen grains land on the receptive stigma, adhere, hyd  dhere, hydrate, germinate and produce a pollen tube that elongates directionally to penetrate t  of different proteins and glycoproteins take place. these proteins have an enzymatic activity r  o a better understanding of the role of soluble proteins in pollen rehydration and germination   l be important to the study of allergic respiratory diseases.
15027	3	uantity and quality of among population gene flow are the key factors in predicting the real ou   outcome of fragmentation on population genetic diversity and structure. some studies have show  uate the quantity and quality of pollen gene flow in this study system and specifically answer
2067	4	ntinuous renewal of green biomass. most flowering plants produce seeds through pollination inte  ine may have cascading effects on plant population dynamics and ultimately on ecosystem diversi  sis for natural ecosystems, there is an urgent need for more substantial and complete knowledge  nsequences of such interactions for the population dynamics of plants.
11445	1	a classical notion in evolutionary biology is that ecological specialisation
1931	1	nts, which are highly dynamic. for many flowering plant species these patches are a refugium. a
475	18	peatlands across europe are impacted by nitrogen pollution and climate change, and to develop m   are impacted by nitrogen pollution and climate change, and to develop meaningful indicators of   support a unique biological community. climate change and air pollution, however, threaten the  iological community. climate change and air pollution, however, threaten the structure and func   of europe. there is also evidence that climate change will disturb peatland hydrology through   l solution and rising concentrations of greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere. we anticip  . we anticipate that these responses to nitrogen pollution will become exacerbated under climat  pollution will become exacerbated under climate change, and under extreme conditions may lead t  ope. using field manipulations to alter water table and temperature, we will measure the nature   the nature of the interactions between nitrogen pollution and climate on peatland biodiversity  ns between vegetation richness and soil microbial diversity, and how these are affected by nitr  iversity, and how these are affected by nitrogen pollution and climate change. increased unders   are affected by nitrogen pollution and climate change. increased understanding will help us to  sed by elevated nitrogen deposition and climate change. on a national and european scale, this    and to evaluate current policy such as critical loads thresholds. this is the first study inve   assays, field manipulation studies and laboratory experiments involving stable isotope technol  l adopt an innovative approach in using relational databases and gis to strengthen data analysi  ational databases and gis to strengthen data analysis and facilitate communication of the resul
11110	3	the deep sea is the largest and least explored environment   iety of modern analysis methods such as electron microscopy and dna sequencing to investigate a  itherto unknown group of animals in the deep sea.
11130	3	monozygotic polyembryony is a form of asexual reproduction that proceeds by division of post-  persistence of polyembryony has puzzled evolutionary biologists because it seems to combine the  zations within the brood chamber, or of self-fertilization, or of parthenogenesis cannot be dis
9829	5	seems to get the balance of sexual and asexual reproduction wrong, yet it persists in a divers  ate whether sperm limitation and inbred local population structure may be important for the evo  nt for the evolution and maintenance of this life history. an opportunity exists to explore dyn  r the evolution and maintenance of this life history. an opportunity exists to explore dynamics  portunity exists to explore dynamics of gene flow and biodiversity in sessile communities from
212	11	, there are several advantages of large body size, of which the positive correlation between fe   which the positive correlation between female body size and fecundity being probably the one t  the positive correlation between female body size and fecundity being probably the one that is   e one that is most frequently observed. body size being relatively stable evolutionarily, one w  e able to balance the benefits on large body size. the most commonly expected cost of becoming    the positive correlation between final body size and growing period, which is the key assumpti  estigate the relationship between final body size and duration of growing period in insects. in   to evaluate the optimality of observed body sizes. this study uses insect species exhibiting p  d-collected data, analysis of published case studies, experimental laboratory studies and monit  of published case studies, experimental laboratory studies and monitoring survival in field con  tory studies and monitoring survival in field conditions will be used.
7573	1	ify those that could be used as markers genetic diversity of strains and for reliable epidemiol
12028	1	accompanied with important genetic and epigenetic changes that result in novel phenotypes. in
14307	1	k, university of liege and the national botanical garden are associated partners.
11149	2	a very significant amount of the water flowing in many uk rive   and consequent breeding success in the second generation. in the final part of this project we
11696	2	a very significant amount of the water flowing in many uk rive   and consequent breeding success in the second generation. in the final part of this project we
2164	7	urvival of the fish once they enter the marine environment. 2 furthermore, the mortality of atl  d from freshwater, through estuaries to coastal waters. 3 additional marine mortality may also   ity may also occur after departure from coastal waters as the result of sea lice infestations.   ng during the early marine phase of the life cycle of atlantic salmon. 5 the principal objectiv  stand and describe the factors limiting salmon populations during the early marine phase of the  ns during the early marine phase of the life cycle. 6 increased knowledge about the function an  o the future sustainability of atlantic salmon populations through development of improved miti
15156	4	ed landscapes in relation to dispersal, population dynamics and genetic structure. we will use    terrestrial tortoise testudo graeca as case study. for this purpose, we will build a individua  h different fragmentation levels due to land use intensification. from a theoretical point of v  as well as on the effects on population genetic diversity and genetic spatial structure. from a
14820	8	studies on population dynamics aim at understanding the ecological  s is particularly interesting since the evolutionary change begins at the population level. the   study the spatio-temporal variation in population dynamics, population genetics and local adap  ell as to understand the ecological and environmental factors that account for that natural var  e population performance in the species natural habitat. this project includes three activities   includes three activities to study the population dynamics, population genetics and local adap  liana, respectively. in particular, the population dynamics will be studied by analysing the re  ine and pursues to fully understand how evolutionary change works.
11383	2	ven how they develop. for example, when water fleas grow up in a habitat in which fish are pres  t hatch late in the season reduce their body size i can directly compete plastic and non-plasti
13835	2	the fastest decline in abundance in the initial stages of degradation of semi-natural grassland  le how synchronised are the dynamics of local populations knowledge of how plant populations be
2052	4	ject has access to two unique long-term time series of capture-mark-recapture . further, both s  atures, the project expects to detect a broad spectrum of demographic responses to the changes   mation for the construction of adaptive management programs not only for the studied systems, b  studied systems, but also for predatory freshwater fish in general.
10537	3	most assessments of sea turtle population trends are based on adult females           most assessments of sea turtle population trends are based on adult females at the nes  a turtle population trends are based on adult females at the nesting beach and there is a pauci
10297	12	local populations are composed of individuals that have  ironmental conditions influencing their life history decisions, subsequent dispersal patterns a  f heterogeneity in predictive models of population dynamics have been restricted to reproductiv  n in individual quality and its role in population dynamics by simultaneously considering its i  nique, large, long-term study of ringed tawny owls specifically designed to detect dispersal at  ield vole populations, the main prey of tawny owls, and hence in the potential contribution of    hence in the potential contribution of life history traits including dispersal to the overall   extensive and very detailed data set of tawny owl strix aluco, abundance and life history trait  of tawny owl strix aluco, abundance and life history traits, together with detailed measures of  t, in northern england. reproduction of tawny owls has been measured annually since 1979 in a l  ecapture data with dead recoveries is a powerful tool for the estimation of dispersal pattern s  poral autocorrelations, coincident with climate change. as such, it serves as a rare model syst
6745	1	building habit, the territoriality and social structure of the mound-building mouse are very i
15328	4	formed by distinct species with diverse evolutionary histories, cellular traits and metabolic c  lates, a consortium of tiny unpigmented eukaryotic cells that play critical roles as microbial   , we will take the preliminary steps in genome projects of the cultured species. the results ge  ptation and success of each taxa to the marine environment and will serve to start understandin
13472	7	and current management recognizes that forest fires need to be reintroduced. however, it is un  lishment stages is key factors in their life history. the current project is to be viewed as a    our current knowledge. it aims to feed missing links to metapopulation models and thus provide  species from mycelia and to analyze the genetic variation among colonizing species. it includes  ing for potential colonizers during the initial stages after forest fire; ii fungal spore avail  onizers during the initial stages after forest fire; ii fungal spore availability in different   ilability and colonization patterns; iv genetic variation among colonizers.
6870	2	l localisation of native silver poplar, gray poplar and aspen populations, and signation of plu  ethod for propagation of silver poplar, gray poplar and aspen.
6805	6	the importance of unrelated stem cell transplantations in the therapy of certain he  la identical donor in the international stem cell donor registries could be difficult, because   enetic characteristics of the hungarian bone marrow donor registry focusing on the ethnic minor  e marrow donor registry focusing on the ethnic minorities, and to determine the hla types of th  on between hla loci and diseases in the human genome project.   ween hla loci and diseases in the human genome project.
11355	3	fied a polymorphism within the timeless clock gene of d. melanogaster that generates two tim is  well-known thr-gly cline within the per clock protein, studying gene frequencies at different a   within the per clock protein, studying gene frequencies at different altitudes in natural popu
11152	4	although we generally accept that natural selection has shaped the appearance and behavio  stem of primates. primates are the only placental mammals known to possess full by examining ho   to possess full by examining how small genetic changes can influence individual fitness, we wi   fitness, we will better understand how natural selection can drive and maintain biodiversity i
13582	9	neutral genetic markers such as microsatellites are used in fis  lopment of new marker types affected by natural selection. comparing distributions of neutral a  tributions of neutral and such selected genetic markers could help identifying the genetic basi  : 1. do patterns of neutral, non coding genetic diversity reflect adaptive genetic diversity 2.  ding genetic diversity reflect adaptive genetic diversity 2. what is the genetic basis for obse  for observed phenotypic variation among local populations working in two marine systems, the sk   between patterns in neutral and coding genetic variation and help elucidating the genetic basi  ptive population divergence using three different approaches: 1. single locus studies of hemogl  ng of multiple snp loci 3. variation in gene expression in natural cod populations
11392	3	bacteria, rather like the hardware and operating system of a computer. then there are sets of    bacteria, just as computers accumulate software packages and data. the goal of our project is   strongly to a matching strand to make a double helix. the fluorescence of each spot can be meas
15256	1	the ub, is to relate population traits continental shelf
2039	1	gating population genetic structure and population dynamics of the commercially important flatf
13740	1	ions and demonstrated the occurrence of local populations along the skagerrak coast as well as
11006	2	mune mediated clonality . the molecular evolutionary history of each of the pathogens 10 genes   l enable an assessment of the impact of virus infection on host mortality and direct estimates
11206	2	mune mediated clonality . the molecular evolutionary history of each of the pathogens 10 genes   l enable an assessment of the impact of virus infection on host mortality and direct estimates
11709	4	ploitation and the uncertain impacts of climate change are adding further pressures on fish res  equired to assist in our management and conservation efforts. one such development will be to i  is also important in the maintenance of genetic diversity in wild fish populations, so endowing   biological differences. by integrating research efforts across each of the three major uk fish
10028	4	ploitation and the uncertain impacts of climate change are adding further pressures on fish res  equired to assist in our management and conservation efforts. one such development will be to i  is also important in the maintenance of genetic diversity in wild fish populations, so endowing   biological differences. by integrating research efforts across each of the three major uk fish
13969	5	ng declining populations in the face of land use changes and climatic changes. within the appli  od for producing realistic forecasts of population growth and extinction risk in a changing env  are associated with long-term trends in environmental factors and most populations of rare and   of plant individuals and populations to environmental factors. second, we will predict changes    second, we will predict changes in key environmental factors influencing species performance.
15098	2	conspicuous effects in the patterns of ambient temperatures and rainfall. the anurans, among w  ntal change of global reach results for human activities that directly affects the spanish faun
6802	3	equately in ecology. in the analysis of food webs describing interspecific interactions of high  overemphasising either pure topology or population dynamics in no network context represents ex  mmunity dynamics in real webs. it is an interesting question whether it is possible to characte
14799	1	s designed for compiling information on life history attributes of the species in the mediterra
11633	1	re of managed populations of farmed and endangered species.
15502	3	d. in recent years, the hypothesis that exotic species undergo rapid evolution when they invade  w environment has gained support in the scientific community. plants may undergo changes in the  ts may undergo changes in the herbivore selective pressures in the novel habitat through a rele
7268	1	dition to improving knowledge about the life cycle of marine animals and biodiversity, will pro
10078	4	iations of plant av-ptgs in relation to climate change, because laboratory experiments has demo   in relation to climate change, because laboratory experiments has demonstrated that temperatur   predict the ecological consequences of global warming and the climate changes in the uk.    consequences of global warming and the climate changes in the uk.
14734	6	, but the potential consequences of the global warming have not been considered yet. the main o  e a medium-term monitoring plan for the endangered species. the underlying hypothesis is that t  aphical modelling based on geographical information systems. this will allow comparison of natu  lysis, which are needed to classify the endangered species by their threaten degree and to defi  sity conservation of guayana. this is a pilot study that can be useful for other regions with s   novelty being the consideration of all time scales involved in the generation and maintenance
12243	2	cropping and the provision of specific environmental services, within the uks arable sector. a  services, within the uks arable sector. arable land currently occupies approximately seven mill
11073	11	cts of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. fossil fuel burning in vehicles, power stations and ind  ition. fossil fuel burning in vehicles, power stations and industry produces nitrogen oxides. t  s, power stations and industry produces nitrogen oxides. these gases travel long distances in t  here before being deposited back to the ground surface where the nitrogen causes changes to the  d soil. the arctic tundra receives such air pollution from around the northern hemisphere and i  ives such air pollution from around the northern hemisphere and is very sensitive to it. twenty  of this experiment were used to set the critical load of nitrogen for tundra; that is, the inte  stem can tolerate before it is damaged. critical load values for all european ecosystems were t  ver 18 years. this is important because international legislation has reduced nitrogen oxide em  e international legislation has reduced nitrogen oxide emissions across europe and we need to u  y is very slow, it is possible that the critical load of nitrogen for tundra will be reduced to
12612	13	part 2a of the environmental protection act 1990 came into force in en   to peoples health and the environment. local authorities are required to identify contaminated  n health is assessed using quantitative risk assessment which considers: concentrations of cont  that may be imparted by that dose. this research project will address two important issues asso   this research project will address two important issues associated with uk policy on contamina  uncertainty for risks associated with a case study contaminant. results will provide informatio   of uncertainty and thus help to target data collection and future research activities to reduc  nty. the second issue is that action on health risks associated with contaminated land operate   impacts on human health associated with air pollution from road transport are several orders of  alth associated with air pollution from road transport are several orders of magnitude larger t  minated land and then compare this with health risks from other sources. this will provide a ba  ntitative uncertainty analysis for four case study contaminants. 3. estimate the overall risk t  kely levels of uncertainty. 4. for four case study contaminants, compare risks to human health
14780	6	out to identify the potential impact of climate change upon the biota of montane aquatic system   regarded as particularly threatened by climate change and a change in their degree of permanen  ns 3 community composition, 4 impact of exotic species and 5 impact of emerging diseases. gener  mpact of exotic species and 5 impact of emerging diseases. generally, we will proceed by initia   will contribute to the building of the knowledge base required to anticipate the degree of vul  ticipate the degree of vulnerability to climate change and the corresponding preventive or miti
13469	11	ollowing questions which are related to climate change: 1 is there less genetic variation at ra  ated to climate change: 1 is there less genetic variation at range margins compared to the cent  are northern species more vulnerable to climate change than southern species 3 how do community  unity interactions affect the predicted life history response obtained from single species labo  y response obtained from single species laboratory experiments understanding genetic variation   es laboratory experiments understanding genetic variation is important because it provides info  ll conservation biologist how realistic laboratory experiments simulating climate change are an  istic laboratory experiments simulating climate change are and if it is possible to extrapolate  it is possible to extrapolate predicted life history responses from laboratory to natural commu  semi-field experiments. the focus is on life history traits in dragonflies, but the results obt  ut the results obtained are general for conservation issues of aquatic invertebrates. among spe
11163	17	armers incomes constituted the nation s major problems and challenges - a view that is repeated  enges - a view that is repeated in many developing countries. alleviating poverty and raising s   the possible negative consequences for food supply, water quality, biodiversity and other aspe  and for decades to come conventionally, computer models have provided guidance about future con  d guidance about future consequences of human activities and climate change on key environmenta  re consequences of human activities and climate change on key environmental conditons. but ther  e in complex ways, as with flooding and forest fire, but when humans are involved these changes  the start of the pollution to the whole water system reacting in terms of fish losses or build-  tem reacting in terms of fish losses or build-up of poisonous algae. sometimes, ecosytems can w  e. sometimes, ecosytems can withstand a good deal of stress from human activities, but when the  an withstand a good deal of stress from human activities, but when they finally give way the re   be very damaging. in the lower yangtze river basin, where the research is set, history describ  ss many agricultural settings, and many environmental problems. there is accelerating soil eros  nmental problems. there is accelerating soil erosion on the hilly lands; deteriorating water qu  ing city populations at a time when the rural population is declining and getting older. we wil  s for local indigenous knowledge, socio-economic data and ecological change for the lower yangt   will meet with academics, agencies and rural communities to discuss the implications of the re
12537	4	ges, which are given below. all the key work areas described in the call text are addressed. wo   for standardising and summarising pest risk assessments. objective is to enhance techniques fo  s work package 5: developing a decision support system for the eradication and containment of p  ctive is to develop and test a decision support system for the eradication and containment of p
12572	2	pact of signal crayfish on the eggs and larval stages of atlantic salmon, determine the habitat  rmine the potential predation impact of sea bass on emigrating salmon smolts. key customer purp
14641	1	n in explaining the lack of recovery of wild rabbit at the end of the 1980s. in other countries
1982	11	coevolution is the evolutionary process that involves an interaction betwe  ion is potentially very large, only few experimental studies have investigated this process. in  d its herbivorous prey, the two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae. the latter is known fo   traits via an energetic and/or genetic trade-off. the main defensive trait in spider mites, si   trade-off. the main defensive trait in spider mites, silk production for webbing, is known to   nown to involve investment of essential amino acids. we intend to assess the relation between s  n experiments on silk production. these trade-offs will be studied in more detail by investigat  is by measuring investment of essential amino acids in silk or egg production in the various se  ynamics, as well as how these depend on host plant quality. based on these experimentally estab  turkey, in which predator densities and host plant quality will be manipulated. in this way, ou  imental system, focusing on the role of trade-offs and in particular its physiological basis, a
11493	10	onal modelling techniques of artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms, fully validated   represented by a multilayer artificial neural network with a static, previously obtained, mapp  oned confusion effect , and a trainable decision making network that interprets the cognitive m  sion making network that interprets the cognitive map and chooses prey items in a way that amel  t is trained using a process similar to natural selection affect predator success how does comp  s predating virtual groups of prey on a computer screen. images of the real and virtual prey gr  organism will be fed into the predatory neural network and the choice of network and real organ  organism compared. having validated the neural network model, and investigated the influence of  m compared. having validated the neural network model, and investigated the influence of prey g  osition in response to predation by the neural network predator. the predator will remove indiv
11795	10	onal modelling techniques of artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms, fully validated   represented by a multilayer artificial neural network with a static, previously obtained, mapp  oned confusion effect , and a trainable decision making network that interprets the cognitive m  sion making network that interprets the cognitive map and chooses prey items in a way that amel  t is trained using a process similar to natural selection affect predator success how does comp  s predating virtual groups of prey on a computer screen. images of the real and virtual prey gr  organism will be fed into the predatory neural network and the choice of network and real organ  organism compared. having validated the neural network model, and investigated the influence of  m compared. having validated the neural network model, and investigated the influence of prey g  osition in response to predation by the neural network predator. the predator will remove indiv
9945	9	global warming is creating an extensively modified worl  the timing of key seasonal events e.g., breeding season and local extinction. new evidence sugg  these ecosystems will respond to future global warming are unknown. an understanding of these p  oach to this challenge. we will develop mathematical models that capture the structure of aquat   aquatic communities and the cycling of key elements and their relationships with temperature.   ponds to simulate the effects of future global warming. the combination of these approaches wil  for the end of the century. the general mathematical models that will come from this research w  ucial predictive tools for the study of global warming on ecosystems. while our experimental ma  stems. we will test our ideas by making high resolution seasonal measurements of nutrients and
11798	10	akes exist at the base of the antarctic ice sheet and that these lakes can rapidly drain has ma  es are very active, and can perturb the water system rapidly on annual or shorter time-scales,   ter system rapidly on annual or shorter time-scales, while at byrd glacier a direct link betwee   now known to exist under the antarctic ice sheet there has also been rising interest in explor  heir potential as long-term archives of climate change. this interest is demonstrated by three    of palaeo subglacial lakes from former ice sheets has been neglible, with even fundamental que  n meltwater routing and supply and thus ice sheet dynamics the study will utilise gis and numer  he study will utilise gis and numerical ice sheet modelling to predict where subglacial lakes m  in the former british and fennoscandian ice sheets and then the identification and evaluation o   the links between subglacial lakes and ice sheet dynamics, specifically related to meltwater r
10714	2	ise in temperature of 3-5ºc in the next half century, the warmest period over the past 40.000 y   over the past 40.000 years. this rapid climate change is likely to have pronounced effects in
2180	6	cted changes in climate will affect the population dynamics of birds and mammals, and how these  y selected model systems for which long time series of individual-based demographic data as wel  vely evaluate climate influences on the population dynamics. by comparing systems with differen  ortant systems of game species in which population fluctuations are influenced by climate varia  ill affect the spatial synchrony of the population fluctuations and how this will cause differe  herefore examine whether the effects of climate changes can be modified by altering the harvest
9851	2	rapid climate change and habitat fragmentation are expected t  eritability, which could generate rapid evolutionary change in flower morphology and pollinator
1939	7	ctices are often predicted from abiotic environmental factor such as soil moisture, ph and nutr  pecies, however, have to recolonize the target area by dispersal from elsewhere. the phd-projec  doc-project will built up a database on life history traits for the evaluation of common life h  ory traits for the evaluation of common life history traits of declined and increased species i  -studies, the results of various nature restoration projects in the netherlands will be validat  es, that can be used as an input of the expert system synbiosis to be developed by the institut  e of forestry and nature research. this expert system aims at improved predictions of the effec
10108	8	ver, novel challenges and risks such as climate change, genetic modification, invasive species   s climate change, genetic modification, invasive species and the loss of biodiversity, mean tha   the future. organisms with complicated life cycles require special matrix mathematics in order  nk all the information about individual life cycles to emergent properties of the whole populat  properties of the whole population like growth rate and stability. but do we need this new math  rate and stability. but do we need this new maths this project will test the ability of traditi  d daphnia, it is possible to change the life cycle by selectively sieving out different sizes o  lysing the effect of this change on the growth rate of the population. the project will also us
13596	2	ation and nitrate leaching in different crop production systems. nitrification is a two-step pr   production systems. nitrification is a two-step process, in which nh3 is oxidized to no2- by t
11454	3	s in the north atlantic oscillation and sea surface temperature influence both reproductive per   interest in the consequences of abrupt climate change, and uses these data to parameterise age   between variations in these indices of climate change and key population parameters.
2069	4	particular relevance to rare horizontal gene transfers from genetically modified organisms. the   the project extends beyond the current risk assessment of transgenes, which is focused primari  ders explicitly the issues of transgene population dynamics. the methodological framework estab  us be instrumental in ensuring adequate risk assessments of novel gene constructs prior to regu
12167	2	and oxford university conducted a short research project , we will run 2-3 expected change scen  stem services and within the context of climate change. to update the evidence base and identif
12562	2	native fish species under conditions of climate change; refine the hazard identification and as   ecosystem function so as to inform the risk assessment process. key customer purpose: analyse
2190	6	ty considerations in physical planning, environmental impact assessments . the project will mai  reas of interest for the study are peri-urban areas of the stockholm region where there is an i  vironment due the ongoing urbanisation. new developments, infrastructure, recreation and forest  ragmentation and disturbance effects on natural habitats. the method is based on the identifica   processes and that represent different habitat types and scales in the landscape. from environ  om environmental data in a geographical information system together with empirical data on the
13982	1	ive models of benthic diversity in deep marine habitats. this vill be done by testing hypothese
14518	1	management models aimed to reduce those negative effects have been increasingly implemented in
12424	2	ngland and wales. the programme has two key elements: 1, the development of expert guidelines t  sh waters have well formulated national contingency plans and environmental advice mechanisms.
13869	2	habitats for species that benefit from forest fires. the effects of forest fire can be divided  nefit from forest fires. the effects of forest fire can be divided into specific direct effects
11835	5	d disintegrations of the larsen a and b ice shelves on the antarctic peninsula in 1995 and 2002  imatic changes can have on this region. ice shelf break-up is of particular scientific and publ  nges can have on this region. ice shelf break-up is of particular scientific and public concern  reak-up is of particular scientific and public concern for two main reasons: identification of   ble us to conclude whether the larsen c ice shelf is likely to collapse in the future.
461	5	t and very often come into contact with human populations, seabirds have always been exploited   accessible to man. the objective of our research proposal is to determine the status of preserv  m that generates consistent incomes and job opportunities. our evaluation by country and by isl  n an analysis of ecologic, economic and social costs and benefits provided by these seabirds. w   seabirds in the region while improving living conditions for coastal birds, notably in madagas
13837	6	northern sweden. our hypothesis is that long term anthropogenic influence on low productive bor  thropogenic influence on low productive boreal forest ecosystems affect ecosystem productivity   enic influence on low productive boreal forest ecosystems affect ecosystem productivity and res  erves along a north/south gradient. the time frame is the last c. 1000 years, and the methods u  tudies on disturbance and resilience in forest ecosystems and to provide tools for preservation  on of the cultural heritage in northern forest ecosystems.
14104	2	ithin replicase complexes isolated from infected cells or sub-complexes reconstituted from co-e  s, may provide useful information about physical contacts and proximity between proteins. by co
13331	2	enterprises. methodology workshops and case studies will be the main instruments for achieving   3.awareness raised amongst the applied research community about the potential contribution of
14123	3	biogenic volatile compound on air quality under climate change and provides relevant    volatile compound on air quality under climate change and provides relevant information on the  n rate under different stresses such as fungal infections.
2105	14	conomic sectors, and provides important environmental services, like recreation, conservation o   sequestration of climate gases. future climate change is of vital interest for forestry and en  mate gases. future climate change is of vital interest for forestry and environmental policy in  e is of vital interest for forestry and environmental policy in norway, and it is important to   t is important to analyze which impacts climate changes may have on forests, forestry and fores  nalyses it is a strong advantage to use forest ecosystem process models and combine their resul  s of the project is to develop suitable forest ecosystem process models for norway and use them  edge on how and to what degree expected climate changes are likely to influence together with p   prognosis from regclim to estimate the climate change impacts on main forest ecosystem functio  mate the climate change impacts on main forest ecosystem functions. s3: integrate the results f  ting bio-economic models to analyze the climate change impacts on forest management, carbon seq  o analyze the climate change impacts on forest management, carbon sequestration, and income/emp  ing the relative importance of the main risk factors. the project will be done in cooperation w  orest process modeling, and be based on climate change data provided by regclim.
13862	1	damage by pathogens/insect herbivores, plant community species composition and soil n turnover
14617	1	s a result of vegetation succession and land use change is one of the most important threats to
10056	3	sea ice covers up to 13% of the world s surface and is    community. it has been determined that sea ice diatoms produced large amounts of extracellular  tracellular polymeric substances and in laboratory cultures to determine the abundance and comp
10057	3	sea ice covers up to 13% of the world s surface and is    community. it has been determined that sea ice diatoms produced large amounts of extracellular  tracellular polymeric substances and in laboratory cultures to determine the abundance and comp
11311	3	sea ice covers up to 13% of the world s surface and is    community. it has been determined that sea ice diatoms produced large amounts of extracellular  tracellular polymeric substances and in laboratory cultures to determine the abundance and comp
11345	3	sumed that all coccolithophores produce significant amounts of cellular dimethylsulphoniopropio  tial rely upon the same possibly biased knowledge base. we will exploit clonal coccolithophorid   we propose is novel for its focus on a wide range of coccolithophores and is designed to test
12178	6	the steering group for the biodiversity action plan , with recommendations as to when each will   condition have benefits for animal and crop production as well as wildlife, the landscape and   torical heritage. it will recognise the key role that farmers play in the management of the cou  for farms to be financially viable. the production company will be expected to provide necessar   necessary introductory and explanatory voice-overs, in agreement with nigel adams, and to edit   in close discussion with mr adams. the production company may engage mr adams or any other per
14555	1	t to understand how annual variation of environmental factors, such as abundance and quality of
7699	2	n the other hand, an increase in demand agricultural products. the area of arable crops sector   ue in the coming years and the other of agricultural sciences
10755	2	bacterial cell biomass in the antarctic ice sheet is thought to amount to ~ 2.44 tg that are re  establish the co2 fluxes as a result of biological activity within antarctic snow and ice habit
14580	2	sms have double function in the trophic food web, because they are both predators and competito  reases the complexity of the planktonic food webs of these ecosystems. we also analyse the rela
7563	1	tutional. it is based on surveys of the main protagonists, and which will focus on the case of
2140	5	arthropods of tropical forests constitute the dominant component of b  s of a tropical rainforest, including a wide range of taxa and sufficient spatial and temporal   udies of beta diversity at in a lowland tropical forest, encompassing a sample size accounting   number of species on earth, dynamics in tropical forests and conservation of biodiversity in tr  in a unique international collaborative research project.
12560	9	patches. adoption of patch spraying by arable farmers has, however, been negligible partly due  proposal aims to develop and evaluate a machine vision system to automate the weed mapping proc  ereby addresses the principal technical stumbling block to widespread adoption of site specific  nagement offered by sswm is therefore a key element in preparing arable farming systems for the  is therefore a key element in preparing arable farming systems for the future, where policy mak  e farming systems for the future, where policy makers and consumers want to minimise pesticide   y makers and consumers want to minimise pesticide use and the carbon footprint of farming while   footprint of farming while maintaining food production and security. the mapping technology co  tify areas of fields needing mechanical weed control thereby reducing both carbon footprints an
7683	4	etter understanding of the evolution of coral reefs ecosystems in the context of global changes  ied out by environmental economists and social scientists in order to carry out prospective res  ial contribution of those ecosystems to local population and tourists over a period of 3 decade  on-making process towards management of coral reef ecosystems. research will therefore aim at p
2076	4	e and coastal systems provide important food sources, and may also be of significance to the me  o be of significance to the medical and chemical industry. the biological diversity has also a   ain its potentials to meet the needs of future generations. the most significant threats to the  ternational and regional agreements. an important issue here is how the regional arrangements a
11145	4	development of optimum and sustainable natural resource management strategies for soil system   ment of optimum and sustainable natural resource management strategies for soil system function  y relevant and timely in the context of climate predictions for the coming decades, which sugge   which in turn reduces infiltration and water storage and may increase the number of flooding e
10261	9	the oceans, these organisms effect how key elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, are cycled o  ized prey items based on differences in cell surface chemical composition of their prey. within  gh this research provided a significant first step in understanding the mechanisms involved in   ent surface coatings, it is likely that cell recognition by single-celled predators involves mo  r. within this grant, we will study all cell surface proteins expressed by a species of protist  omics. we will investigate how predator protein expression changes with different prey types. w  es. we will also determine which of the cell surface proteins bind to the prey and hence may be  nments, and lead to future studies on a wide range of plankton species, thus aiding our overall  hus aiding our overall understanding of food webs and nutrient cycling within the ocean.
14105	8	s and biomass, making them an available food source for larval fish.despite the growing number   umber of publications on the planktonic food web structure only a few evidence are documented t  e gut contents of fish larvae, due to a high degree of decomposition of the food and the use of  e are no corresponding studies from the fresh water lakes. our goal is to combine the modern fl  akes. our goal is to combine the modern fluorescence microscopy approaches with the gut segment  ing on the microbial loop and classical food web. to estimate the proportion of protozoan prey   ing on the microbial loop and classical food web we are going to carry out more complex food we   we are going to carry out more complex food web studies in lake võrtsjärv.
12523	1	bute to identifying priorities, provide technical support to researchers and from personal cont
14334	2	xonomical, ecological, geographical and genetic information, as well as measurements and data o   measurements and data on parasitic and viral infections. the scientific importance of these co
10365	1	optical remote sensing is used to monitor the health and status
11484	3	aim to prepare an archive of microbial genetic diversity by cloning high molecular weight . us  obial genetic diversity by cloning high molecular weight . using a specially adapted dna extrac  egimes for preparation of environmental gene libraries. these libraries will function as a perm
12189	19	people obtain from ecosystems, such as clean water, flood control, storage of greenhouse gases  n from ecosystems, such as clean water, flood control, storage of greenhouse gases and pollinat   clean water, flood control, storage of greenhouse gases and pollination of crops. they also in  l and national studies are showing that human activities, such as intensive agriculture, are co  dship encourages farmers to carry out a wide range of activities, with the current aims to: con  otect the historic environment; promote public access and understanding of the countryside; and  tanding of the countryside; and protect natural resources. the range of management options unde  ecosystem services, for example: winter cover crops may lessen flooding hazards by reducing wat  ssen flooding hazards by reducing water run-off; or grass margins in arable field may trap sedi  ap sediment and nutrients and so reduce water pollution. while the potential is clear, the evid   use our review and analysis to suggest new forms of environmental stewardship options which ma  on processes such as carbon storage and water flow to determine how combinations of environment  nsure the experiment is relevant to the real world and the scale at which environmental steward  re implemented. we will use established experimental procedures of replication and use of contr  measures of water use, infiltration and run-off, greenhouse gas storage and emissions, water qu  of water use, infiltration and run-off, greenhouse gas storage and emissions, water quality in   e, infiltration and run-off, greenhouse gas storage and emissions, water quality in terms of ni  l affect water quantity and quality and greenhouse gas storage over the long-term and, if the o  ter quantity and quality and greenhouse gas storage over the long-term and, if the options were
12360	2	purpose - why is the r&d needed marine environment division as the division with respon  rms of monitoring and/or mitigating the environmental impact.
10628	2	styles cope with environmental change. climate change, such as global warming and other human   nmental change. climate change, such as global warming and other human influences e.g. toxicant
15451	3	cterial community developed in the pure water pipes by using as a model the hemodialysis waters  odel the hemodialysis waters of the new university hospital of son espases in palma de mallorca  ased on the mass spectrometric analysis risk assessment of the bacteriological water quality fo
14818	2	due to their relevant physiological and biochemical properties. strains of the species particip   to their colonization potential of new ecological niches, and to the speciation process in thi
13811	10	tives of the project are: i to describe public support for various biodiversity conservation me  public support for various biodiversity conservation measures in broadleaf deciduous forest in   sity conservation measures in broadleaf deciduous forest in scania as compared to the perceived  tify similarities and differences among local residents, landholders/users and visitors iii to   analyse the psychological foundation of public acceptance of conservation measures. the project  ical foundation of public acceptance of conservation measures. the project is based on theories  udy 1 develops a scale of acceptance of conservation measures by the q-sort method. study 2 emp   method. study 2 employs the scale in a field study. study 3 validates tools for study 4, which   psychological factors to acceptance of conservation measures, carried out in a larger sample a  e understanding of the public's view of conservation measures and can thereby point to the soci
11541	12	-scale geological activity is driven by mantle convection. mantle plumes are an important, but   ctivity is driven by mantle convection. mantle plumes are an important, but poorly understood,   rtant, but poorly understood, aspect of mantle convection. they are buoyant mantle upwellings t  around the globe. consequently, pulsing mantle plumes have a direct influence on global climate  antle plumes have a direct influence on global climate. while the observational evidence for pu   influence on global climate. while the observational evidence for pulsing is increasing, the u  rch will use state-of-the-art numerical mantle convection models to investigate the mechanisms   te the mechanisms that cause pulsing in mantle plumes and to predict the surface response to th   has responded to the pulsing icelandic mantle plume. as well as solving a long-standing proble  l as solving a long-standing problem in earth science, an important outcome of this research wi  he model will show how earth s engine - mantle convection - drives surface deformation. such a    vital for advancing the many fields of earth sciences that examine the consequences of earth s
10881	4	nt contact and exchange between shallow marine ecosystems that otherwise remain extremely isola  extremely isolated by vast stretches of deep ocean. pumice rafting will have been an important   ral mechanism for ecosystems damaged by human activity to recover species and biodiversity. in   g-range dispersal of biota to the great barrier reef, an important area of global biodiversity.
15348	3	patterns, chemical ecology and cases of convergent evolution stemming from their common ancestr   ancestry. also we evaluate the role of climate change, dispersal and plate tectonics in confir  e role of climate change, dispersal and plate tectonics in confirming the phylogeny of differen
1948	5	be persistent. therefore at least some life history characteristics of the individuals have to   on food availability. yet, present day life history theory assumes that this feedback loop is   our group has shown that the outcome of life history evolution may strongly depend on the preci   that have earned their keep in earlier life history work, but now extended to incorporate vari  erent experimental groups, consider the life history evolution of two model organisms, guppies
12540	1	d expansion of the eu and the impact of climate change. currently identifying pathogens . the o
6845	2	lp, aflp, ssr and rapd analyses to find genetic markers linked to qtl loci. our aim is to find   rker data will be stored in appropriate data bases, and compared with phenotypic fusarium head
9944	1	variation an selected morphometric and life history traits in a free-living population, the so
10550	2	ur is responsible for sexual selection, gene flow and speciation in natural populations, but is  een identified in organisms such as the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster but there are very fe
11030	2	ur is responsible for sexual selection, gene flow and speciation in natural populations, but is  een identified in organisms such as the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster but there are very fe
11183	1	scientific tools necessary to form ccs risk assessments and quantitative knowledge of the ecol
1099	3	velopment of farming with agri-tourism, cultural activities, handicraft, environment conservati   animal-friend techniques. the proposed research project suits this picture with the following   g to milk . finally, consumers' ex-ante quality perceptions towards consumption, and their rela
10061	2	elements that provide resistance to the water flow. the response of bedforms to a changing disc  the flow. this is very important as the vast majority of our bed-phase diagrams development and
11074	2	elements that provide resistance to the water flow. the response of bedforms to a changing disc  the flow. this is very important as the vast majority of our bed-phase diagrams development and
11867	2	elements that provide resistance to the water flow. the response of bedforms to a changing disc  the flow. this is very important as the vast majority of our bed-phase diagrams development and
9858	12	relevance scientific value green roofs can provide important ecos  he urban environment from biodiversity, climate change adaptation, air quality management, envi  iodiversity, climate change adaptation, air quality management, environmental performance of bu  ic value through local food growing and public health benefits. in spite of this there is curre  e through local food growing and public health benefits. in spite of this there is currently a    for the region, such as the manchester climate change and biodiversity strategies and the gm a   and biodiversity strategies and the gm air quality action plan, and this has provided the moti  rsity strategies and the gm air quality action plan, and this has provided the motivation for m   provided the motivation for manchester city council . the studentship will further strengthen   equipment provision will be via related research projects at the university. available equipmen   radiation and sunshine sensor, tipping rain gauge, vaisala portable weather station, soil mois  r, tipping rain gauge, vaisala portable weather station, soil moisture theta probe. the student
2016	4	hemical stressors is causing erosion in public acceptance of expensive environmental management  l . comparisons between predictions and field observations will be made and divergences examine   results will ultimately be a basis for environmental risk management. firstly by underpinning   ultimately be a basis for environmental risk management. firstly by underpinning environmental
11184	2	the respiration rates in micro and meso-zooplankton will be  of cn consumption and of zooplankton-cn population growth will also be determined. these data w
10166	4	climate change caused by increasing emissions of co2, p  ions of co2, principally the burning of fossil fuels for power generation, is one of the most p  90% of the uk s energy needs are met by fossil fuels which will probably continue to be the pre   scientific tools necessary to form ccs risk assessments and quantitative knowledge of the ecol
10215	1	scientific tools necessary to form ccs risk assessments and quantitative knowledge of the ecol
10415	4	climate change caused by increasing emissions of co2, p  ions of co2, principally the burning of fossil fuels for power generation, is one of the most p  90% of the uk s energy needs are met by fossil fuels which will probably continue to be the pre   scientific tools necessary to form ccs risk assessments and quantitative knowledge of the ecol
10671	4	climate change caused by increasing emissions of co2, p  ions of co2, principally the burning of fossil fuels for power generation, is one of the most p  90% of the uk s energy needs are met by fossil fuels which will probably continue to be the pre   scientific tools necessary to form ccs risk assessments and quantitative knowledge of the ecol
10931	1	scientific tools necessary to form ccs risk assessments and quantitative knowledge of the ecol
11719	1	scientific tools necessary to form ccs risk assessments and quantitative knowledge of the ecol
11182	4	climate change caused by increasing emissions of co2, p  ions of co2, principally the burning of fossil fuels for power generation, is one of the most p  90% of the uk s energy needs are met by fossil fuels which will probably continue to be the pre   scientific tools necessary to form ccs risk assessments and quantitative knowledge of the ecol
10319	2	largely anecdotal evidence suggests that sub-saharan africa may  s in addition to practical conservation management experience in central africa. the interdisci
11850	19	rom grecian healing groves to victorian seaside resorts. more recently green exercise has been    exercise has been prescribed by modern medical practitioners. the world health organisation pr  is assertion masks a complicated set of unanswered questions. the simplest and most difficult t   otherwise important to our physical or mental health, then understanding these effects will al  n health, biodiversity conservation and environmental policy. we are in the midst of an extinct   love for nature, and behave as if they attribute value to it while the emotional health benefi  if they attribute value to it while the emotional health benefits are ignored by policy makers.  tribute value to it while the emotional health benefits are ignored by policy makers. the relat  motional health benefits are ignored by policy makers. the relationships between human physical  elationships between human physical and mental health and the natural environment, and the mech  lly far-reaching policy relevance. when environmental problems are quantified political will to  n environmental problems are quantified political will to tackle them can be greater. for examp  example controls on cfcs to protect the ozone layer are costly and require international agreem  d by the cost of inaction and increased skin cancer. this approach to managing the natural envi  ss important. this topic is amenable to scientific study, but innovative thinking will be neces  . the issue is particularly relevant in urban areas, where planners increasingly speculate on t  f green-spaces. we wish to quantify any health benefits from interacting with the natural envir  experimental approaches. insofar as the health consequences of interaction with the natural env  plinary framework to produce social and economic measures.
13761	2	rimary production, nutrient cycling and plant community composition and structure, all with dir  , biodiversity and ecosystem processes; subject areas of considerable scientific and economical
9861	4	peatlands are the largest natural sources of the greenhouse gas methane , with mo   are the largest natural sources of the greenhouse gas methane , with most of those emissions o  ions occurring because of reductions in atmospheric pressure. likewise, rainfall events can cau  novel system to quantify the effects of atmospheric pressure and rainfall events on peatland ch
10058	3	ty this remains an enduring question in evolutionary biology, because significant costs have be   in simultaneous sperm competition. our experimental model will be the atlantic salmon, in whic  tchery breeding strategies. to conserve genetic diversity, hatchery protocols now use enforced
9817	3	the study will combine individual life history and morphometric data records for red deer  story and morphometric data records for red deer on rum and soay sheep on st. kilda, and increa  ed with ecological factors in affecting life history and morphometric traits. specific objectiv
10274	3	ts. this shows us that earth has seen a wide range of different climates, including times when   h colder or warmer than it is now. this research project aims to better understand how life res  nd so provide less food and absorb less carbon dioxide changes. more broadly, these records of
1988	4	sexual encounters are usually accompanied by conflicts   play a crucial role in the evolution of reproductive systems, and can even lead to speciation.   gical levels, we use the hermaphroditic pond snail . because this species can be cultured relat   in large quantities and a vast body of background information about many of the species' basic
9833	3	g species, called cooperative breeders, group members do not breed and instead help to rear the  ead help to rear the offspring of other group members. cooperative breeding systems are most co  ble to conserve energy through reducing heat loss. the results from this study will not only he
11020	4	of earthworms in the processing of soil organic matter of carbon and nitrogen from organic matt  anic matter of carbon and nitrogen from organic matter in soils. overall, this research will ad   how earthworms affect the breakdown of organic matter, how much organic matter they can proces  e breakdown of organic matter, how much organic matter they can process, and whether their acti
10359	4	sing emissions of anthropogenic co2 and climate models predicting a future greenhouse world the  assive release of methane from seafloor gas hydrates that triggered greenhouse conditions. the    phosphate oxygen isotopes in mammalian tooth enamel as a proxy for changing terrestrial climat  ean succession a new method of tracking climate change will be used to calculate for the first
12169	2	binations of options promoting farmland bird populations, the extent to which these are influen  population recovery for a number of key bird species.
10641	1	dis . this project builds upon a strong working relationship between twjg and mcf that has yiel
11141	11	it, with the intention of supporting a plant community. green roofs are a rapidly expanding te  roviding habitats for declining plants, pollinating insects and birds. all new developments in   nts, pollinating insects and birds. all new developments in major cities like london must now c  st appropriate way to ensure successful plant community establishment. even in summers like 200  . for economic reasons, the most common growing medium used in green roofs is crushed brick, wi  d brick, with the addition of 10 or 20% organic matter. the medium is applied dry, so when the    roofs, how they do this, and over what time scale colonisation occurs. bacterial and fungal co  es will be assessed using phospho lipid fatty acid analysis, a reliable technique that is cultu  ruct a new roof, with an exact mimic at ground level. by taking this bottom-up approach of augm  proach of augmentation at the base of a food web, we will be able to determine if it is possibl   and the linking of soil ecology to the construction industry. finding a way of producing susta
11123	2	stabilizing selection. also, where sex role reversal is predominant males have been shown to b  e based polygyny and a tendency for sex role reversal.
10047	6	importance of weathering on the global carbon cycle and its affect on the earth s climate. man  hermal exchange or the precipitation of marine carbonate. overall these results will thus serve  ring, its regulation of the atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and thus influence    of the atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and thus influence on the greenhouse ef  rbon dioxide, and thus influence on the greenhouse effect and global climate.    influence on the greenhouse effect and global climate.
11408	6	importance of weathering on the global carbon cycle and its affect on the earth s climate. man  hermal exchange or the precipitation of marine carbonate. overall these results will thus serve  ring, its regulation of the atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and thus influence    of the atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and thus influence on the greenhouse ef  rbon dioxide, and thus influence on the greenhouse effect and global climate.    influence on the greenhouse effect and global climate.
11227	11	e occurrence of floods and droughts, of heat waves and cold spells. to do this, we are going to  tion to some natural ecosystems such as coral reefs. even europe experiences changed weather pa   reefs. even europe experiences changed weather patterns associated with enso although we now u  o activity, or how enso will respond to climate change. to help answer some of these questions,   over the past 5,000 years by analysing growth rings in the skeletons of old dead , and these c  e for up to a hundred years, or longer, laying down layers of skeleton a bit like tree rings. w  ying down layers of skeleton a bit like tree rings. we will collect cores through old dead cora   answer these questions, we need to use climate models. the same models that we now use to pred  r work, we will use the most up-to-date climate models to see if they can correctly replicate t  cts are of changing volcanic eruptions, solar radiation and greenhouse gases in these models. b  volcanic eruptions, solar radiation and greenhouse gases in these models. by comparing the mode
9895	11	e occurrence of floods and droughts, of heat waves and cold spells. to do this, we are going to  tion to some natural ecosystems such as coral reefs. even europe experiences changed weather pa   reefs. even europe experiences changed weather patterns associated with enso although we now u  o activity, or how enso will respond to climate change. to help answer some of these questions,   over the past 5,000 years by analysing growth rings in the skeletons of old dead , and these c  e for up to a hundred years, or longer, laying down layers of skeleton a bit like tree rings. w  ying down layers of skeleton a bit like tree rings. we will collect cores through old dead cora   answer these questions, we need to use climate models. the same models that we now use to pred  r work, we will use the most up-to-date climate models to see if they can correctly replicate t  cts are of changing volcanic eruptions, solar radiation and greenhouse gases in these models. b  volcanic eruptions, solar radiation and greenhouse gases in these models. by comparing the mode
15452	2	most animal species live as symbionts of larger plant and an  ance among individuals within and among bird species.
14128	3	ion system. on the other side at higher growth rates problem is substrate wasting to unusable a  ound the switch points of metabolism in steady state – accelerostat cultivation. second importa  lyses of mrna, protein, metabolites and cell cycle parameters in quantitative characterization
11878	4	them from their parents. by building a family tree and looking at how the behaviours of family  ee and looking at how the behaviours of family members are more similar than behaviours of unre  h our understanding of the evolution of social behaviour is based. i will do this by developing  d relevance to cooperative breeding and evolutionary biology studies in general.
14102	8	ften abundant and diverse, they have an important role in regional and global biostratigraphy.   lications or are unavailable to a wider research community. moreover, the baltic chitinozoan an  olution, aiding calibration of regional time scales, investigating sedimentary processes, and a  ling an occurrence-level distributional data base of ca 300 chitinozoan and 200 conodont specie  equences will enable us to increase the resolving power of regional biostratigraphy, test the f  atigraphy, test the fit of conventional index species with the models, compare and integrate co  tegrate conodont- and chitinozoan-based time scales, compile new biodiversity curves in tempora  ortant microfossil groups. the compiled data base will be made accessible to other researchers
10218	3	in marine ecosystems, enzymes in microorganisms catalyse t  ese cycles shape our current and future global environments, and the ability to understanding a  cles is therefore an important task for environmental scientists and a goal of the nerc mission
15572	3	ertheless the extent that this invasive infectious disease is impacting on amphibian biodiversi   aimed at leveraging the power of smart mobile communications technologies to rapidly acquire s  iming of infection/mortalities, spatial-genetic information will be integrated with the global
10779	21	if global warming runs its course, what will be the effect  ed million years, the earth experienced global warming on a massive scale, completely melting t  pical rainforests began to dieback. did global warming trigger extinction not everyone agrees.   ed decline or an abrupt crunch, and was global warming or mountain building responsible to achi  orests are preserved that date from the crucial time period. when we first reported these amazi  through the forests and see how species make-up changed across the ancient landscape. this show  n that a cause of change. so what about global warming to find out what the climate was doing d  stomata. stomata allow plants to absorb carbon dioxide. studies have shown that the more carbon  oxide. studies have shown that the more carbon dioxide there is the air, the less stomata plant  eaves allow us to detect changes in the carbon dioxide levels. as carbon dioxide is an importan  hanges in the carbon dioxide levels. as carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas, changes   vels. as carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas, changes in its concentration will affec  leagues will use other techniques using fossil soils to get independent estimates of past carbo  ls to get independent estimates of past carbon dioxide levels. together we will put together a   ut together a high-resolution record of climate change through the key time interval. we will t  val. we will then see how the timing of climate change corresponds with the timing of rainfores  ncide, it doesn t necessarily mean that climate change caused rainforest dieback. you can never  can never prove cause and effect in the fossil record. however, colleagues will input our findi  s will test to see whether our observed climate change would lead to the observed rainforest di  lp support any inferences we make about climate change and extinction. although our three hundr  te of rainforest dieback in the face of climate change, and help us better predict future chang
12356	6	head has been used for many years as a disposal site for dredged material. local concerns and    interest have implicated the rame head disposal site as one of the possible sources of contami  hould be excluded. however, some of the public concerns were not fully addressed in this report  whether pah concentrations found at the disposal area were high relative to background areas an  and general findings of new and ongoing scientific studies within the rame head area undertaken  gulatory implications for the rame head disposal site.
12429	4	n independent review into the rame head disposal site has been requested by the parliamentary u   licenses were granted to the rame head disposal site remain valid and environmental effects re  quences and future social, economic and environmental risks likely to be linked to the disposal  mental risks likely to be linked to the disposal site, including a sense of local scale and imp
11871	8	s, and some ferns have 600. how and why chromosome numbers change over evolutionary time has al  are shuffled by sex. the smallest known chromosome number for any species is also the smallest    a powerful, occasionally lethal sting. jack jumper ants are also unusual in that very closely   romosomes despite being very similar in body size, appearance and behaviour. we are members of    2012. data from the myrmecia croslandi genome project will start to become available within th  gh we know that the ants have different chromosome numbers, we know almost nothing about the ge  o determine whether ants with different chromosome numbers can interbreed. ants are highly dive  osystems and show extremely specialised social behaviour. our work will increase understanding
12420	8	ective approaches for the assessment of human activities in the marine environment and to provi  e assessment of human activities in the marine environment and to provide more transparency to   more transparent assessments of various human activities in the marine environment. b guidance   ents of various human activities in the marine environment. b guidance documents for stakeholde  managing and advising on the impacts of human activities in the marine environment and the mfas   the impacts of human activities in the marine environment and the mfas delivery responsibiliti  keholders involved in the permitting of human activities in the marine environment.   e permitting of human activities in the marine environment.
10576	2	structure and ecology of shallow water coral reefs. this occurs through the physical destructi  er coral reefs. this occurs through the physical destruction of corals . the timing will be suc
10021	2	dresses the fundamental question of how natural selection and plasticity operate to produce dif   arises and how it may be conserved for future generations.
12068	1	the sixth event of mass extinction differs from the five previous one on t
10694	2	biodiversity and population dynamics in the plankton are closely linked   ntial impact of the current man-induced climate change on modern plankton, analogous, rapid eve
11034	6	phy. few of these groups have excellent fossil records that are easily interpreted in the light  al invertebrates found predominantly in marine environments, although one group is restricted t  e fossilizable mineralized skeletons of calcium carbonate and their fossil record indicates an   keletons of calcium carbonate and their fossil record indicates an evolutionary history stretch  te and their fossil record indicates an evolutionary history stretching back over 450 million y  s with competitors may be frozen in the fossil record, and modes and timings of sexual reproduc
11552	3	organisms at the deep-sea floor rely on particles sinking from the sea surfac  loor rely on particles sinking from the sea surface for food, which is correspondingly scarce a  dictable - sometimes half of the annual food supply arrives within a few days. however, despite
15199	4	and precise species identification. the working hypothesis is that species or strains of saprol   and intra-specific markers. additional microscopic studies will emphasize on host-parasite int  ion are key aspects in conservation and management studies of threatened aquatic animal species  anagement studies of threatened aquatic animal species.
12328	1	different english farming types, with a target number of agreements per pilot area of 50 . 6.to
11498	1	workshops and web-based resources. new image processing software will be developed to allow in
14800	1	d explain that in those zones where the climate changes affect the wetlands, where the vectors
14973	4	in order to predict future impacts of global warming on species distributions it is necessary   to the current work carried out by the research team on the demographic behaviour of one of th  inal populations of northern spain. the working hypothesis is that the individuals are more str  ngineers on ecosystem functioning, with special interests on changes in plant biomass and compo
10718	5	d remain unanswered. the bones of early domestic animals and their wild ancestors are commonly   tudies of languages, pottery, and human gut bacteria suggest that farmers in taiwan began headi   tools and their plants, but also their domestic animals as well. when we investigated the gene  hroughout the region to ascertain their genetic diversity. this element of the study will enabl  ion between different waves of incoming domestic animals. overall we aim to reconstruct a detai
11422	5	d remain unanswered. the bones of early domestic animals and their wild ancestors are commonly   tudies of languages, pottery, and human gut bacteria suggest that farmers in taiwan began headi   tools and their plants, but also their domestic animals as well. when we investigated the gene  hroughout the region to ascertain their genetic diversity. this element of the study will enabl  ion between different waves of incoming domestic animals. overall we aim to reconstruct a detai
2484	2	uncil and one phd student funded by the natural history museum in oslo, in addition to national  ange team to ensure immediate access to new developments in pyrosequencing and bioinformatics t
15425	5	one of the greatest challenges in evolutionary biology is to understand the processes of   it is important to undertake studies on specific groups as a first step to extract generalizati  dertake studies on specific groups as a first step to extract generalizations. in this project   rameters of great interest to study the evolutionary history of each lineage and thus, speciati  sing multiple genes in the study of two specific groups of mammals that have very specialized e
2001	1	effects of climate change on the biodiversity and carbon accumulat
10785	5	ng of the history of life relies on the fossil record, and most especially on the very rare and   and communities than the normal shelly fossil record; they provide unique windows on past life  use of more recent technologies such as x-ray computed tomography and a sponge, and it is these   more recent technologies such as x-ray computed tomography and a sponge, and it is these that   se that will provide the focus of a new research programme. individually, they are anticipated
11065	5	ng of the history of life relies on the fossil record, and most especially on the very rare and   and communities than the normal shelly fossil record; they provide unique windows on past life  use of more recent technologies such as x-ray computed tomography and a sponge, and it is these   more recent technologies such as x-ray computed tomography and a sponge, and it is these that   se that will provide the focus of a new research programme. individually, they are anticipated
11833	5	ng of the history of life relies on the fossil record, and most especially on the very rare and   and communities than the normal shelly fossil record; they provide unique windows on past life  use of more recent technologies such as x-ray computed tomography and a sponge, and it is these   more recent technologies such as x-ray computed tomography and a sponge, and it is these that   se that will provide the focus of a new research programme. individually, they are anticipated
14871	6	ecological restoration of forest soils after fire could  n refuse. the introduction of exogenous organic matter efficaciously contributes to a better re  rients, to increase the content of soil organic carbon and favouring the restoration of the soi  with an experience in revegetation with pine trees of an area of forest previously destroyed by  hic web. the evolution of the exogenous organic matter, its contribution at short, medium and l  , its contribution at short, medium and long term of sequestering of carbon in soil, the activi
7164	8	the rich procession of parasitoids, all general practitioners and indigenous, can not curb the   ther miners and quavec stability of the food web, which nevertheless puts up quickly. response    of the invasion, the environmental and financial cost of current control methods require us to  f the focal leafminer. then control can take place and the invasion of miners halt or recede. a   an invasion is always topical, both in basic research quappliquée. the research team will cont  both in basic research quappliquée. the research team will continue therefore, within available  astating effect of parasitoids from the horse chestnut leaf miner on the dynamics of their alte   of parasitoids from the horse chestnut leaf miner on the dynamics of their alternative hosts m
11180	4	rient for marine organisms and plays an important role in primary productivity in the ocean and  and production of gases associated with climate change such as carbon dioxide. there are curren   associated with climate change such as carbon dioxide. there are currently, however, large gap  harmonise results reported by different research groups.
12207	2	for targeted applications to control a wide range of weed species in a range of row crops usin  work will aim to achieve high levels of weed control with the minimum risk of crop damage and r
14296	1	context frank bruchon seine-normandie water agency, directorate of environmental research, pr
13348	7	water ecosystems will respond to future climate change is essential for the development of poli  o be designed either to adapt to future climate change or to mitigate the effects of climate ch  te change or to mitigate the effects of climate change in the context of changing land-use. gen  ount for the expected future impacts of climate change and land-use change in the context of th  e taken to minimise the consequences of climate change on freshwater quantity, quality and biod  res, increasing temperature, changes in water levels and flow regimes and excess nutrients, pri  of freshwater ecosystems is affected by climate change; ii new indicators of functional respons
15587	4	an marginal grasslands are biodiversity hot spots owing to ecological constraints, biophysical   going environmental, socio-economic and political changes, or if they have developed a high res  and systems to global environmental and social change in order to enhance socio-ecological resi  key local and regional stakeholders and decision makers. evaluation of scenario outcomes in ter
208	7	small-scale spatial structure of plant communities behind the observed small-scale veget  in determining the spatial structure of plant communities. we hypothesize that the balance betw   particular, we shall focus on the four working hypotheses h1. most of the plant regeneration i  ion, while regeneration from seeds will take place preferably in sparsely vegetated patches, wh  eaker. h2. vegetative regeneration will take place preferably in patches with high nutrient con  e events of seedling establishment will take place in low nutrient patches. h3. in regard to re  of mycorrhiza is not enough to overcome competitive pressure. for controlling these hypotheses
2012	4	steps in response to gradual changes in organic carbon loading. thus, the effects of increased   loading. thus, the effects of increased organic carbon loading on microbial abundance, microbia  osystem functioning and its response to organic carbon loading. the experimental research will   rstanding of their response to changing organic carbon loadings is imperative.
13795	3	t objective of this study is to analyse time series from the baltic sea addressing river loads   mical conditions of the baltic sea, its food web structure and fish stocks in order to develop   e and prevent regime shifts by applying early warning signals, i.e., regime shift indicators.
15093	1	simulation models, validation, partial differential equations coupling with earth system model
7462	10	il and land information is needed for a wide range of applications but available data are often  a, methodology, and applications, using remote sensing to validate, augment and extend existing  acterization and pattern recognition by remote sensing; standardization of methods and measures  nd morocco. moderate-resolution optical remote sensing will be combined existing parent materia  n 1:250 000-scale pilot areas, advanced remote sensing applications will be developed - geomorp  cape analysis, geological re-classified remote sensing, and remote sensing of soil attributes.   gical re-classified remote sensing, and remote sensing of soil attributes. advances beyond the   ta and addition of new information with remote sensing and dem; interpretations of the e-soter   lot platform and a portal that provides open access to: 1 a methodology to create 1:1 million-s   themselves for four pilots; 4 advanced remote sensing techniques to obtain soil attribute data
11642	4	sor molecules, and the cells at various cell cycle stages will be flow sorted to determine cell  take rates of the isotopic tracers. the research team for this project will have a unique combi  ne skills in microbial biogeochemistry, flow cytometry, molecular ecology of cyanobacteria comb  ls in plant photobiology. all necessary capital equipment is available.
14022	7	t pathogens. an ongoing analysis of the olfactory system of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasc  matic gc-ssr analysis of the predefined olfactory system of these species using human emanation  g a quantitative molecular approach the next step will be to identify the chemosensory receptor  e olfactory signals sent to the central nervous system, which ultimately regulates these behavi  hese behaviors. this will be done using real time pcr analysis, and the expected small number o  ally characterized using a heterologous expression system, the sf9 insect cell line. as these r  ogous expression system, the sf9 insect cell line. as these receptors are believed to be respon
11815	1	long- term incubation experiments for a wide range of aquatic organisms that are commonly found
11488	2	uction of oxygen and the consumption of carbon dioxide by very small, single celled organisms,   enotypes, the factors that dictate this global community structure are still poorly defined. th
14195	8	formance and crop breeders are faced to major problems in attempting to produce high yielding a  attempting to produce high yielding and abiotic stress resistant crop varieties. thus, addressi  ity to understand the mechanisms behind genetic variation underlying stress tolerance of natura  ulations. the air pollutant ozone is an abiotic stress factor that decreases plant productivity  . the air pollutant ozone is an abiotic stress factor that decreases plant productivity and ove   sensitive individuals from recombinant inbred lines will be backcrossed to an ozone insensitiv  een genes that act together to regulate abiotic stress signaling. for this purpose higher order  own to be involved in the regulation of abiotic stress will be generated and characterized to u
1935	12	plant diversity of the dutch landscape is most i y rest   semi-natural and natural ecosystems in nature reserves. many endangered plant species, have, h  ause of environmental stresses, such as air pollution, eutrophication or lowering of the water   tion, eutrophication or lowering of the water table. several semi-natural ecosystems of high na  ne areas have been especially affected. ecological restoration has to play a vital role in redu  d. ecological restoration has to play a vital role in reducing these negative effects and to re   to play a vital role in reducing these negative effects and to reinstate the damaged plant com  ve effects and to reinstate the damaged plant communities. species-rich wet heaths and nardo-ga   were once wide spread and locations of hot spots' of diversity in these relatively species-poo  o oligotrophic, but weakly buffered wet soil conditions, mostly originating from seepage with b  ed to determine the actual seed bank of endangered species in these degraded situations. the fi   robust restoration approach for former hot spots of diversity in acidified wet heaths and matg
7416	3	the exploitation of agro -environmental high school arras with sau a hundred hectares farm is a  artois, historically cereal region. the majority culture is wheat. but like any intensive explo  soil but also for beekeepers, providing high school north of paris the only public beekeeping t
2065	2	hropogenic effects to be published as a review article. a follow up of the national conservancy  budgets and secondary effects on animal body size, reproduction and mortality, one needs to dev
11088	2	n, by kin selection, of conflict within social groups. we will investigate conflict over produc  b. terrestris and societies sharing its social structure. we will also experimentally test two
6826	3	e effects of genetic relatedness on the social behaviour of animals. in birds, most studies inv  haviour, such as extra-pair matings and parental care. much less is known about the effects of    of relatives vs. non-relatives. we use field observations, lab experiments and molecular genet
9920	3	a sparse genetic map has recently been estimated for the plant a  nt model species, showing whether their genetic maps are homosequential or rearranged, which is  et been tested in a plant species where genetic map data are available.
11531	1	the decomposition of organic matter is a critical process to the functioning
10655	3	ytoplankton form the base of the marine food chain. most phytoplankton are benign and indeed po  sh are them eaten by humans potentially serious illness may occur. monitoring programs of phyto  tion its vectoring by shellfish and the public health implications of shellfish toxicity. resea
11583	3	ytoplankton form the base of the marine food chain. most phytoplankton are benign and indeed po  sh are them eaten by humans potentially serious illness may occur. monitoring programs of phyto  tion its vectoring by shellfish and the public health implications of shellfish toxicity. resea
15382	7	f biological and cultural diversity and global warming..., we propose a project in which the ef   carbon and nutrients in the plant-soil-water system of wetlands affected by eutrophicated wate  high nitrogen, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon contents in eutrophicated waters and if    soil microbial activity related to the carbon cycle is influenced by the type of litter and by  high nitrogen, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon contents in eutrophicated waters and if   high nitrogen, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon contents in eutrophicated waters and if   f the eutrophic water on the balance of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the plant-so
194	2	rom these lakes. our aim is to find the correlation coefficients for assessing, on the basis of  r and for reconstructing the history of forest fires also the microscopic charcoal analyses wil
193	9	l catch in the lake has declined. socio-economic changes brought along with the collapse of the  l. peipsi forming potential risk to the ecosystem structure and functioning as well as to local  d also by large natural fluctuations of water level and temperature. the number of professional   possibilities for mitigating fisheries management problems among different stakeholders have n  dy will innovatively approach fisheries management problems integrating social and environmenta  ms integrating social and environmental research efforts in clarifying on how the state of the   evening the knowledge gaps of different interest groups. planned interdisciplinary research pro  s of different interest groups. planned interdisciplinary research project endeavours developin  erest groups. planned interdisciplinary research project endeavours developing integrated and c
10275	5	n species threatened with extinction as bird species. disease has been identified as one of the  idwife toad, one of the most critically endangered species of amphibian. we now need to add to   sing a combination of field surveys and laboratory experiments in order to understand how the d  d-driven mortality, and we will develop statistical models to determine the potential effects o  europe. our aim is that these short and long term research goals will eventually enable us to c
11303	5	n species threatened with extinction as bird species. disease has been identified as one of the  idwife toad, one of the most critically endangered species of amphibian. we now need to add to   sing a combination of field surveys and laboratory experiments in order to understand how the d  d-driven mortality, and we will develop statistical models to determine the potential effects o  europe. our aim is that these short and long term research goals will eventually enable us to c
162	3	will be investigated. according to the working hypothesis, the number, population density and   l and floodplain meadows of the matsalu nature reserve, where the meadows are well represented.  ducted mainly by the researchers of the environmental protection institute, but several other t
15467	3	great spotted cuckoo, eurasian magpie, house sparrow, hoopoe, jackdaw and azure-winged magpie.  iments; employing diverse tools such as molecular analyses and new technologies chiefly radio-t  se tools such as molecular analyses and new technologies chiefly radio-tracking by satellite an
14550	1	adient and without important changes in land use along last decades, to study the climatic driv
15296	6	cies distributions and the relevance of environmental factors on their distribution requires th  derstanding of how local factors affect local population dynamics and the structure of metapopu  nding of how local factors affect local population dynamics and the structure of metapopulation  d to have a more important influence of founder effects. amongst these two latter groups, clado  cladocerans are likely to have stronger founder effects due to their cyclic parthenogenetic rep  er to provide evidence for operation of natural selection.
13374	7	initially 46 zinc-lead mines were surveyed and 48 plant samples growing a  erfectly grows throughout the soil with zinc mines potentially having high cadmium contents, it  h amount of cadmium containing soils by setting up preliminary trials with the seeds collected   atus holds major part of cadmium in the root system and transfer only a small portion to the fo   chelate application; and 48 mg kg-1 at root system with humic acid, chelate and fertilizer com  significant effect on water saturation, electrical conductivity and ph while humic acid applica  applications determined to improve soil organic matter.
12024	2	d and predict how global changes affect marine ecosystems. it used marine top predators . all o   packages of remige is planned, and the long term persistence of the is and its future developm
13460	3	fish species communities . therefore no fishing gear needs to be used for identifying the fish   elop gis tools with a power not used in remote sensing of waters before. i expect this framewor  ity management and research, especially invasive species surveys.
14364	5	microalgal biofilms of past and future satellite data will be collected from high resolution s  e satellite data will be collected from high resolution satellite sensors with four spectral ba  ability of nutrients, the losses due to grazing animals plus maps of pp - guidelines about the   pp - guidelines about the usefulness of satellite data to study intertidal sediment and ecosyst   a validated historical archive for our test sites, and advice on band selection for future mis
11859	18	wland raised bogs to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide through photosynthesis means that they p  at they play a major role in moderating global climate. globally, peat bogs contain around one   in moderating global climate. globally, peat bogs contain around one third of the carbon stored  on stored in the terrestrial biosphere. climate change may affect the bog s water balance, whic  re. climate change may affect the bog s water balance, which will in turn, have an effect on ca  s is because degraded peatlands release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, instead of abs  tlands release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, instead of absorbing them. human distur  ture of the surface, and bog hydrology. surface structure can also determine peatland responses  tant variable to monitor in relation to climate change. plant communities living on the bog sur   monitor in relation to climate change. plant communities living on the bog surface can also in  atus of a raised bog. extensive mats of sphagnum mosses are indicative of wetness and active pe  rology. this research aims to use novel remote sensing techniques for monitoring raised bog str  ructure, and thus, hydrological status. remote sensing is a method of measuring the earth s sur  ruments. the synoptic view offered by a remote sensing approach has obvious advantages over fie  survey on the ground. new techniques in remote sensing offer a means of detecting and measuring  ffer a means of detecting and measuring surface structure. as previously mentioned, structure i  is can be quantified and modelled using remote sensing, this offers a repeatable means of monit  depth understanding of the link between wetland hydrology, developmental topography, biodiversi
14365	14	dness and inaccessibility of mountains. remote sensing methods are the privileged tool, and yet  been developed to correct high and very high resolution imagery for radiometric and geometric d  s. at present, it is not clear what the added value of complex preprocessing techniques is comp   be used for semi-automatic analyses of high resolution satellite data on mountainous terrain.   i-automatic analyses of high resolution satellite data on mountainous terrain. the project aims  es of high resolution satellite data on mountainous terrain. the project aims at a better under  od the methods is divided in 5 steps: - remote sensing data acquisition, pre-processing and cor  is divided in 5 steps: - remote sensing data acquisition, pre-processing and correction for top  phic effects; - large area mapping with high resolution remote sensing data; - monitoring of fo  large area mapping with high resolution remote sensing data; - monitoring of forest-cover chang  n; - mapping of ecosystem services with high resolution sensing data; - socio-economic response  rection applied in the preprocessing of satellite data. result the project will: - evaluate the  rization of biophysical attributes from remote sensing to the level of correction for possible   forest transition are very relevant for climate change policies and possible future obligations
14359	4	context and objectives the role of remote sensing and spatial analysis and modelling in ep  ngly important. up to now, a variety of remote sensing tools has been developed for use in epid  eir outputs in state-of-the-art spatial information systems and test their robustness in a data  ing tools improving the analysis of the space-time dynamics of diseases transmission. to achiev
12753	2	the eus renewable energy directive ; to examine proposed volunt  e assessment of the other six protected land uses specified in the red. ultimately this work is
7130	1	d objectives of reform are to study how climate change and rising atmospheric co2 levels will a
14694	1	e the attractive of this specie for the general public, to be used as a tool to spread environm
14860	4	project will include the study of three endangered species of gazelles which are part of captiv   aridas , but which still have very low success rates seriously limiting their current applicab  velopment of techniques to cryopreserve somatic tissues and cells, the development of embryo tr  c tissues and cells, the development of embryo transfer techniques, to study the effects of inb
15227	2	edigree information are unrealistic for endangered species, leading to serious underestimates o  ervation in g. cuvieri and to carry out artificial insemination trials to test its usefulness.
10437	4	adult females have to decide how much of their availabl  e likely to be inter-related and form a trade-off surface, with the organism s position on the   ce, with the organism s position on the trade-off surface depending on its age and availability  rces. we aim to describe the phenotypic trade-off surface empirically by assessing the reproduc
14791	9	were present at the beginning of earth plant life. unfortunately, ferns are seriously damaged   00 species approximately.in vitro plant tissue culture is a powerful tool with applications in   tely.in vitro plant tissue culture is a powerful tool with applications in different research f  ful tool with applications in different research fields such as plant production, plant breedin  ch as plant production, plant breeding, molecular biology and also contributing to maintain the  pends on its efficiency to complete its life cycle successfully. in this sense, both the spore   processes, including those derived from human activities.the performance of new protocols to co   new protocols to complete in vitro the life cycle of several species of ferns done in our labo  ogy on distribution and conservation of endangered species of ferns, and also to contribute to
14614	2	ause it has been imposible to break its self-incompatibility by other tested methods. it is imp  the low quantity of offspring got after self-pollination.
7005	9	pagate within a short period of time at low temperatures. in mountains of the temperate zone, t  f the temperate zone, the length of the growing season decreases from 4-5 months at the treelin   and less at the upper limits of higher plant life. single investigations on flower and seed de  igh mountain plants and the response to environmental factors are largely unexplored. therefore  project aims at investigating the whole reproductive cycle of certain high mountain species rep  mperature, day length and length of the growing season information about the species-specific p  dge how plants growing at the limits of plant life may response to changing environmental condi  nvironmental conditions. species with a high degree of developmental flexibility have a better   o more suitable habitats in the case of climate change.
14160	3	the central objective of the project is elucidation of the   grations in the reproductive success of freshwater fishes in brackish-water environment. we wil  adient and whether homing is typical to freshwater fish species. our expertise in studying the
11156	9	esources determine individual birth and death rates and ultimately make populations decline or   tudies with model species for which the life history response can be linked to predictable chan  anges in resource availability serve an important role in improving our ability to predict popu  ely easy to quantify. here we propose a pilot study on the tawny owl population of the kielder   y. here we propose a pilot study on the tawny owl population of the kielder forest, northern en  nd birds, display such cyclic patterns. life history strategy of organisms living in cyclic env  aits as this pattern greatly influences population dynamics. third, we are interested in determ  me. finally, this project represents an initial step toward the global understanding of how pop  ey stone species in many ecosystems and food chains, and numerous predators, including species
13360	1	turkey is an important genetic diversity center for cereals as the the other p
10642	6	whilst investigating potential middle stone age sites in kenya in september 2009 prof t. brow  examination revealed further fossilised bone fragments from smaller mammals some of which appea  n over and around the eroding face were stone tools including both flakes and cores of lavas, t   basell considers these to be of middle stone age antiquity. the middle stone age is a period i   middle stone age antiquity. the middle stone age is a period in africa that is thought to last  rtant in an eastern african setting, as soil conditions are generally acidic and bone of does n
12181	3	this project, with its focus on greenhouse gas . although primarily engaged with resour  ent of biodiversity, the alterations in land use that the undertaking of es options will requir   will require may have implications for climate change.
13384	3	prevent, conserve them in the national gene bank of the aegean agricultural research institute  in the national gene bank of the aegean agricultural research institute , and characterize and   al gene bank of the aegean agricultural research institute , and characterize and provide them
13383	3	ium specimens and seeds in the national gene bank of the aegean agricultural research institute  in the national gene bank of the aegean agricultural research institute , keep the vegetative c  al gene bank of the aegean agricultural research institute , keep the vegetative components of
13376	2	sub-project 1:research project on conservation and evaluation of fig   to prevent to getten loss the available genetic variation and conserve this material which has
12415	4	f smartbuoys to a further 2 sites in uk coastal waters, by adding biogeochemical sensors to an   the current environmental status of our coastal waters and methods for improving detection of i  icy drivers including; ospar, the urban waste water treatment directive and the nitrates direct  ivers including; ospar, the urban waste water treatment directive and the nitrates directive. t
13759	2	due to anthropogenic pressures, coastal ecosystems are being rapidly degraded and can u  level are crucial for the resilience of coastal ecosystems, and that ecology and management the
7296	2	ted to the redundancy of species within functional groups. coral fish, diverse and highly struc  cy of species within functional groups. coral fish, diverse and highly structured assemblies, s
13828	1	f an ecosystem to disturbance caused by human activities. an understanding of the factors gover
15069	2	ire of 4543 ha in sant llorenç del munt natural park area and property owners.    llorenç del munt natural park area and property owners.
13734	8	erstand in general how virus affect the immune system in invertebrates and specifically how a v  in invertebrates and specifically how a virus infection affects the immune system in crayfish b  cally how a virus infection affects the immune system in crayfish by identifying genes which ar  hich the wssv does not kill crayfish at low temperature but at temperatures at ca 18-20c. we ca  ratures at ca 18-20c. we can also use a stem cell culture which we recently have developed. in   es at ca 18-20c. we can also use a stem cell culture which we recently have developed. in this   ich we recently have developed. in this cell culture we can propagate this virus and thus we ca   interacts with invertebrates and their immune system and it is hoped that this model system ma
6925	5	the leaf rust is one of the most devastating disease of the  g every year in hungary. it can cause a yield loss of 30-70% in the susceptible cultivars in ye  ork, we propose to make two very strong leaf rust resistance genes to be much useful for the br  opose to make two very strong leaf rust resistance genes to be much useful for the breeding pra  ation carrying these genes to avoid the harmful effect of wild wheat on yield while keeping the
10256	7	nfect plants and animals throughout the natural world. they may be horizontally transmitted fro  t contact or through the transfer of an infectious particle. alternatively, the disease can be   ssociated with high densities of forest insect pests, but these outbreaks are typically separat  es is an important part of the pathogen life cycle that is very poorly understood. we aim to te  ence of lethal and covert infections in long term laboratory populations that differ markedly i  ifferent transmission routes affect the life history traits of the host, such as development an  y variable densities, such as pests and invasive species. identifying the conditions that favou
11267	7	nfect plants and animals throughout the natural world. they may be horizontally transmitted fro  t contact or through the transfer of an infectious particle. alternatively, the disease can be   ssociated with high densities of forest insect pests, but these outbreaks are typically separat  es is an important part of the pathogen life cycle that is very poorly understood. we aim to te  ence of lethal and covert infections in long term laboratory populations that differ markedly i  ifferent transmission routes affect the life history traits of the host, such as development an  y variable densities, such as pests and invasive species. identifying the conditions that favou
11855	19	more and appear more attractive to the opposite sex. this phenomenon is not restricted to huma  ost organisms should be evolving larger body sizes. however, the evidence for this is weak, and   ignore the impact that an individual s body size has on its family members. if being large is   at an individual s body size has on its family members. if being large is harmful to other fami  ers. if being large is harmful to other family members then we may expect species to be smaller  almost nothing about the inheritance of parental care or sibling rivalry. this is important bec  out the inheritance of parental care or sibling rivalry. this is important because these phenom  ll be larger than the average. however, sibling rivalry may be stronger when everyone is trying   offspring. it is not ethical to create foster families in human populations, but we can create  ot ethical to create foster families in human populations, but we can create foster families in  in human populations, but we can create foster families in blue tits, as they do not appear to   s, but we can create foster families in blue tits, as they do not appear to notice any differen  pear to notice any difference. although blue tits are very different from humans they do show s  f genes and the environment. also, when foster families are created in certain ways it also all  llows us to see if genes play a role in sibling rivalry, and after a few generations we can als  ook to see if genes also play a role in parental care. once we understand how body-size, parent  care. once we understand how body-size, parental care and sibling rivalry are inherited, and on  rstand how body-size, parental care and sibling rivalry are inherited, and once we understand w  whether being large is harmful to other family members, we will know whether family interaction
10500	4	of anthropogenic methane, respectively. significant progress must be made in source reduction a  tegies of attenuating fugitive landfill gas emissions if the legally binding targets set by the  ed to eliminate lge. through the use of cutting edge molecular biology techniques, such as stab  te lge. through the use of cutting edge molecular biology techniques, such as stable isotope pr
10740	4	of anthropogenic methane, respectively. significant progress must be made in source reduction a  tegies of attenuating fugitive landfill gas emissions if the legally binding targets set by the  ed to eliminate lge. through the use of cutting edge molecular biology techniques, such as stab  te lge. through the use of cutting edge molecular biology techniques, such as stable isotope pr
11622	4	of anthropogenic methane, respectively. significant progress must be made in source reduction a  tegies of attenuating fugitive landfill gas emissions if the legally binding targets set by the  ed to eliminate lge. through the use of cutting edge molecular biology techniques, such as stab  te lge. through the use of cutting edge molecular biology techniques, such as stable isotope pr
10836	2	saprotrophic cord-forming fungi play a central role in n cycling in temperate forest ecosystem   central role in n cycling in temperate forest ecosystems. we will determine the relative abili
9968	2	saprotrophic cord-forming fungi play a central role in n cycling in temperate forest ecosystem   central role in n cycling in temperate forest ecosystems. we will determine the relative abili
11143	1	rring species, hence our focussed small grant application.
15394	7	to global environmental changes such as climate change and habitat destruction has prompted a p  hese later limitations, but the role of life history and plastic responses remains poorly under  s remains poorly understood. first, the life history of a species might affect their survival w   factors and allee effects. second, the life history might be associated with adaptations -such  ich combined with dispersal ability and social behavior may buffer individuals against environm  s project, we plan to study the role of life history and behavioral in the response to environm  invasions, the urbanization process and climate change.
2529	3	lso improve current modelling tools for environmental risk assessment of offshore oil drilling   rrent modelling tools for environmental risk assessment of offshore oil drilling activities. st  vironmental risk assessment of offshore oil drilling activities. strengthening this knowledge i
11296	3	phorid phytoplankton species that forms calcium carbonate . work proposed here will establish a   will establish a core link between two research centers with an excellent track record investi   two research centers with an excellent track record investigating e. huxleyi biology, the univ
15442	3	nment, in order to provide guidance for conservation policies. in this sense, it is important t  tural assemblages inhabiting intertidal rock pools.these treatments will be applied in the fiel  gn, to provide the first approach of an experimental study involving the simultaneous manipulat
2532	5	epod species, dom production, fate, and turnover rates, as well as net microbial community resp  tes, as well as net microbial community respiration rates. by examining in detail the microbial  s. by examining in detail the microbial black box, this proposal will generate data with clear    transfer efficiency through planktonic food webs. combining multidisciplinary international sc  ernational science and state of the art research facilities and approaches, provides a unique t
15151	1	community assemblage, as well as of the root systems and soil characteristics.
15360	1	osystems. preservation of the biota and marine habitats depend critically on understanding how
15125	3	responses of organisms to the projected global warming are a major handicap for the adoption of   on the past, such as lake sediments or peat bogs, are useful to reconstruct the ecological his  change and the corresponding medium and long term biotic responses. this project aims to study
12142	6	eshwater environment were mainly due to global warming and human activities. the most significa  t were mainly due to global warming and human activities. the most significant problem of the a  and structural organization of plankton food webs will be undertaken in the affected and not af  by species ability to utilize dissolved organic matter and competing algae as nutrient sources   trategy species in the lakes and during laboratory experiments. the chronology of phytoplankton  rder to mitigate the negative impact of invasive species.
14968	6	tion of aquatic systems. predictions of recovery rates of altered communities after different p  plankton dispersal, such us wind, rain, water flow and waterfowl. studying zooplankton dispersa  aphic characteristics: rio seco, in the national park of sierra nevada, dulce and santa olalla   a nevada, dulce and santa olalla in the national park of doñana, tinaja and morenilla, in the n  of doñana, tinaja and morenilla, in the natural park of ruidera.from the proposed objectives, w  zooplankton resting eggs by wind, rain, water flow, and waterfowl in lakes of different charact
14528	1	nd the evolution of the biodiversity in planktonic organisms.in the wetlands sediments we can f
11500	2	o widespread disturbance as a result of human activities in order to carry out economic activit  improve the long-term sustainability of ecological restoration programmes.
15357	5	ervices, i.e. of human well-being. this project proposal combines restoration ecology with the   vices. its major aim is to document how ecological restoration in agrarian systems, either pass  f restored ecosystems and the time that ecological restoration has been operating. the five pro  s initial degradation and the time that ecological restoration has been operating, and the amou  in the field of restoration ecology and forest management.
12199	5	ority habitat under the uk biodiversity action plan, with policy targets that include reversing  sist the process of meeting the habitat action plan targets. a review will also be carried out   ework will be developed for surveying a representative sample of the herbaceous hedgerow flora   ve this important landscape feature and wildlife habitat and achieve biodiversity action plan t  ldlife habitat and achieve biodiversity action plan targets for hedgerows.
12192	1	e main features of a potential decision support system for targeting the restoration and re-cre
13824	3	acidification has been one major environmental problem with a sharp reduction of bio-div  d is shown to significantly improve the living conditions for the lake biota with a resulting i   of the pelagic community. however, one crucial question remains unanswered. has the restored p
7615	3	y methodology for the implementation of restoration projects for endangered plant species popul   specific case of arenaria grandiflora, endangered species forest of fontainebleau. we propose    . issues related to the restoration of endangered species populations are particularly acute i
13877	2	of restoration in managed fennoscandian boreal forests. the work comprises a large-scale experi  lator will become a practical landscape planning tool for predicting the effects of different s
10946	3	the galapagos islands are a national park, unesco world heritage site and a biosphe   , where the concepts of speciation and adaptive radiation may be directly observed. however th  rbance and human presence on the native plant communities in galapagos. it aims to provide long
6867	1	of hungary both epicontinental and deep marine sediments are observable: epicontinental ones in
13809	3	and new zealand. however, with ongoing climate change, increased shipping of goods and increas  iments . dispersal studies will include field observations, population genetic analyses as well   include field observations, population genetic analyses as well as modelling.
13928	4	ion land-use of agri-, silviculture and urban areas. the working hypothesis is that the dynamic  gri-, silviculture and urban areas. the working hypothesis is that the dynamics of discontinuou   of war, epidemics, epizooty, and socio-economic factors during the last 3000 years. the spatia  egional scale will be assessed in three case study areas using a new palaeocological methodolog
13531	4	ion land-use of agri-, silviculture and urban areas. the working hypothesis is that the dynamic  gri-, silviculture and urban areas. the working hypothesis is that the dynamics of discontinuou   of war, epidemics, epizooty, and socio-economic factors during the last 3000 years. the spatia  egional scale will be assessed in three case study areas using palaeoecological methodology. th
11151	2	xplain variation in parasite load among red grouse. grouse are a good example where parasite lo  ite load among red grouse. grouse are a good example where parasite load has a large effect on
12624	8	ow to reduce the amount of peat used in growing media cost-effectively in the uk, experiences f  nted to facilitate change within the uk growing media industry. this research project will inve  hin the uk growing media industry. this research project will investigate the composition of th  will investigate the composition of the growing media industry in the principal growing media u  growing media industry in the principal growing media using countries. this will then be compar  media for amateur, professional and the public sector for plant growing and whether the proport  valuated. this project will look at the growing media industries within certain european countr  m published information as well as from growing media manufacturers operating within each area.
12589	5	ed by mankind over many centuries as an energy source and plant growing media , extraction, res  centuries as an energy source and plant growing media , extraction, restoration and protection.  iscussion with key representatives from foreign government departments, non-government organisa  n with key representatives from foreign government departments, non-government organisations, t  n will be of benefit to defra and other government agencies in their development of policy in t
12725	1	tation of the zoo licensing act 1981 by local authorities. comprehensive information is needed
12152	11	blanket bog is typically found in upland areas of brita  upland areas of britain, on summits and gentle slopes. it is defined by its deep peat soils, wh  eat soils, which depend on rainfall for water supply and are consequently poor in nutrients and  acid. one of the main `bog-builders` is sphagnum moss, which is very sensitve to disturbance of  hich is very sensitve to disturbance of water supply. britain is one of the main locations for   ritain is one of the main locations for blanket bog habitats, with more than 2 million ha out o  urce of approximately 10-12 million ha. blanket bogs are protected under the eu habitats direct  management practices and legislation on blanket bog and consider a range of management options    management options to recreate ‘active blanket bog in favourable condition. it will seek to ta  effective and sustainable management of blanket bogs for future generations.   tainable management of blanket bogs for future generations.
12737	4	this short term project involves a review of the success of   and deliverables against the adaptation climate change principles, and to identify where furthe  edding process towards development of a climate change adaptation strategy as part of the ebs b  re self sufficient in taking account of climate change in their areas
12352	1	equirements given, for round 2 offshore wind farm developments. this proposed project addresses
12733	7	ction 40 of the natural environment and rural communities act places a duty on public authoriti   rural communities act places a duty on public authorities to have regard to the purpose of con   project is to collect information from public authorities and others on implementation of the    2000, and now extends that duty to all public authorities, such as local authorities, parish c  duty to all public authorities, such as local authorities, parish councils, statutory undertake  authorities, such as local authorities, parish councils, statutory undertakers, the police, fir  ils, statutory undertakers, the police, fire service, health and transport authorities.
12597	5	from the decomposition of plant-derived organic matter . to supplement this, we will hold exper  be developed and implemented. an expert advisory group of 9 experts will be convened in order t  linary assessment of the framing of the key issues as well as a screening of the project findin   evaluation of the group and go back to group members where necessary to ensure that the groups  unt. outputs: a report consisting of an executive summary, a technical summary and a main repor
12240	4	rity of arable and annual horticultural field crops within the uk are grown as part of a rotati  idence of soil-borne pests and disease. crop rotation and its associated management practices g  agement practices generally disrupt the life cycles of microbial and invertebrate species in th  include components of the england rural development programme environmental stewardship scheme,
12489	1	ment, currently used by defra and other government departments and agencies, for their consiste
6915	1	c catalogue would done, probably in the home page of the hungarian geological institute. the pa
7526	2	species or subspecies result in several international banks, by identification errors. this pro   errors from the public user biological resource centers. the various stages of the project are
14198	3	rocesses in the carbon and presented in international conferences. the conclusions related to t  e conclusions related to the aspects of climate change will be introduced to the estonian socie  ll to improve sustainable management of deciduous forests on abandoned agricultural areas.
476	3	ertheless the extent that this invasive infectious disease is impacting on amphibian biodiversi   aimed at leveraging the power of smart mobile communications technologies to rapidly acquire s  iming of infection/mortalities, spatial-genetic information will be integrated with the global
15037	6	s have been shown to importantly affect population dynamics and it is suggested that they may b  olutionary models predict that rps-like population dynamics arise due to sexual selection by fe  mpt to fill this gap by providing rigid experimental bases of the evolutionary mechanisms leadi  utionary mechanisms leading to rps-like population dynamics. using the common lizard as a model  rps-like population dynamics. using the common lizard as a model organism, where rps-cycles hav  e responsible for rps-like colour-morph population dynamics and they will also unravel which fe
10262	8	though the fossil record has traditionally provided the timescale   raditionally provided the timescale for evolutionary history, this role has been usurped comple  urped completely in recent years by the molecular clock. the molecular clock rests on a few dec  ecent years by the molecular clock. the molecular clock rests on a few deceptively simple assum  constraints established, an intervening probability density may also be established that descri  tation of such prior probabilities in a molecular clock analysis of a broad scale evolutionary   mined. the project will also serve as a training exercise in which the researcher, a palaeontol  ologist, will be trained to perform the molecular clock analyses during the earliest stages of
7527	2	ing the extinction of many species, the scientific community is trying to understand, in the co   capacity / reintroduction to develop a management program in the habitats concerned
10216	4	that on land and the turnover time for organic matter is 1000-times faster in marine in compar  s. over the years we have accumulated a good understanding of the role of chemical defences in   alling compounds . our project will use laboratory experiments where we will quantify grazing o  ominated waters off plymouth and in the north-east atlantic. our data will inform modelling eff
10925	4	that on land and the turnover time for organic matter is 1000-times faster in marine in compar  s. over the years we have accumulated a good understanding of the role of chemical defences in   alling compounds . our project will use laboratory experiments where we will quantify grazing o  ominated waters off plymouth and in the north-east atlantic. our data will inform modelling eff
13822	1	hanges are investigated with the aid of time series analysis and some long-term experiments. th
10790	3	plete picture yet of what regulates mmo gene expression in geochemical settings. this will bett  ettings. this will better inform future field studies on methanotrophs, assist in climate chang  eld studies on methanotrophs, assist in climate change studies, and provide a tool for predicti
11250	1	resses for fruitfly, temperature during early development for pufferfish and egg steroid concen
11253	1	resses for fruitfly, temperature during early development for pufferfish and egg steroid concen
11482	1	resses for fruitfly, temperature during early development for pufferfish and egg steroid concen
11792	1	resses for fruitfly, temperature during early development for pufferfish and egg steroid concen
6897	4	owledge regarding the pathomechanism of autoimmune diseases is of high importance in the treatm  ng variants as well as mutations in the hot spot region of exon 7 of the la gene. the different  a few patients suffering from different autoimmune syndromes , and now it is possible to conduc  step to resolve the etiology of certain autoimmune diseases.
11276	4	the majority of plant life in the ocean is made up of tiny microscopic    hypotheses for specific changes in the ocean circulation patterns around antarctica that may h  heses for specific changes in the ocean circulation patterns around antarctica that may have ul  thereby contributed to the onset of the ice ages.
15213	2	reproductive strategies of vertebrates. aerobic respiration requires oxygen to generate energy,   and the signal expression of first and second generations produced by those partridges used in
15058	3	the invasion of exotic species is an important factor affecting biodive  ermine the capacity of invasion when an exotic species colonizes a new habitat. from the multip  bivores and to unravel basic aspects of ecosystem dynamics during invasion.
7640	2	increased human activities generated a sharp deterioration in wat  inable development of environmental and resource management strategies have been implemented. i
6780	3	re are only three region in the central nervous system, where prrp synthesising neurons can be    has been demonstrated to influence the energy balance of the organism and it was shown that mo  t of the prrp expressing neurons posess leptin receptors. in this study, we would like to map m
529	3	effect on the latter. nevertheless new management methods show sources of reciprocal benefit b  iability of populations of several prey bird species, namely vultures, may be a strong example   ood resources for these birds. thus the griffon vulture, species that has always been present i
14099	4	res in the leaf epidermis surrounded by guard cells. adequate stomatal regulation is vitally im   co2 uptake with minimal loss of water. plant hormone abscisic acid enables to visualize cytopl  th minimal loss of water. plant hormone abscisic acid enables to visualize cytoplasmic ca2+ osc  text of analyzing processes affected by climate change.
7116	2	d long-term viability of populations of griffon vulture, egyptian vulture monk and depend large  ources consumed by these birds. and the griffon vulture, species always present in the pyrenees
7715	6	in the current context of climate change and the increasing world population, sol  xt of climate change and the increasing world population, solutions are needed to ensure both e  rity and productivity of agricultural / forest land. fao estimated that more of 10 thousand ha   from different production systems, in a wide range of climates. it was shown that root growth i  xamined at the level of individuals and plant communities. the fate of C in the soil profile wi  ry association, an NGO and a training / research center.
10197	12	the alternative sigma factor standard deviation 54 is predicted to regulate a wide r  deviation 54 is predicted to regulate a wide range of traits in pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25.   e full repertoire of genes regulated by standard deviation 54 is unknown. in order to understan  own. in order to understand the role of standard deviation 54 in p. fluorescens sbw25 it is nec  ntify the components and targets of the standard deviation 54 regulatory network; the effect of  on 54 regulatory network; the effect of environmental factors on standard deviation 54 dependen   the effect of environmental factors on standard deviation 54 dependent transcription; and the   nd the potential for cross talk between standard deviation 54-activating proteins. standard dev  ndard deviation 54-activating proteins. standard deviation 54-activating proteins and standard   rd deviation 54-activating proteins and standard deviation 54-dependent promoters can be predic  enerate, test and refine a model of the standard deviation 54 regulatory network. the explanato  el will be tested directly by analysing gene expression and the performance of mutants in the n
13332	3	understanding of the need for adequate conservation policies, which are essential to halting b  ntally dynamic, as are the pressures of human activities on biodiversity, yet most conservation   and inform priorities for biodiversity conservation policy. rubicode will also identify curren
11213	9	h s atmosphere are driving a process of global warming that will have a profound effect on plan  t photosynthesis. some models of future climate change predict alarming scenarios for the latte  onal variations in temperature in their natural habitats. they also had to adapt to changes in   ged considerably since the evolution of flowering plants. in this project, we will study the me  anisms of both seasonal acclimation and evolutionary changes in the key photosynthetic enzyme r  ination of phylogeny-based evolutionary genetic analysis of selection at the protein level with  e protein level with analysis of enzyme biochemical properties. this will allow us to pinpoint   y important challenge in the context of global climate change.   tant challenge in the context of global climate change.
219	6	planations to observed values of insect body size. in particular, given the strong correlation   r, given the strong correlation between female body weight and fecundity, it is hard to underst  n the strong correlation between female body weight and fecundity, it is hard to understand why  hy insects do not evolve towards larger body sizes. a potential solution is in constraints on t  red indicative of putative cosntraints. half-sib analyses are planned to assess heritabilities   spective traits, and to detect possible trade-offs. optimality models involving different sets
15046	3	ontaminants bind to receptors /cellular transcription factors, activate them and lead to a numb  , activate them and lead to a number of biological responses. some receptors, such as the aryl-  o dioxin-like compounds. however, other nuclear receptors, such as ppar and gonadal alterations
10405	4	stablishment of systems of payments for environmental services review the conceptual framework   onceptual framework in the light of the case study findings. communication and dissemination wi  ademic audience will be reached through journal articles and conference presentations. electron  an international audience, and eventual journal articles will be disseminated through the exten
12564	7	jective: measure the stable isotope and trace element compositions from salmon scales in relati  scales in relation to variations in the marine environment, and develop a model to predict the   to predict the impact of changes in the marine environment on return rates of salmon from speci  s the suitability of stable isotope and trace element analysis to understand the distribution o  ermine how the predicted changes in the marine environment may influence salmon populations and  in the marine environment may influence salmon populations and support the conservation and sus  servation and sustainable management of salmon populations.
2462	5	n important problem both in relation to fish farming and to the conservation of wild salmonids.  want to explore if this also has led to evolutionary changes in life history traits and in viru  also has led to evolutionary changes in life history traits and in virulence of the parasite. a  is project we will examine this both by field studies and by artificial selection experiments.   amine this both by field studies and by artificial selection experiments.
7106	1	this research project from the realization of the need to in
2541	4	peration between natural scientists and social scientists. the project suggests a specific appl  w different parts of society, different interest groups, conflicting sector interests, lay peop  . for open lowland an economic model of production methods will be extended to cover activities  ance the basis for adaptive planning by economic policy means, where adaptive planning is under
2548	7	an nature diversity act stipulates that genetic diversity within domesticated species is to be   es to conserve and sustainably use crop genetic diversity. although norway has chosen a less re  and the findings explained by analysing driving forces, interests, power sources, and strategie  by analysing driving forces, interests, power sources, and strategies. we apply a theoretical f  tions for the eu. the project builds on political science and law, and includes plant sciences   political science and law, and includes plant sciences from other norwegian institutions in an   ublications for users, scholars and the general public.
10855	4	rient for marine organisms and plays an important role in primary productivity in the ocean and  and production of gases associated with climate change such as carbon dioxide. accurate determi   associated with climate change such as carbon dioxide. accurate determinations of iron are the  ercise whereby various top-quality iron research groups will undertake ship-board experiments t
7623	2	ms can be used as control agent against foot rot scalding pathogenic telluric wheat fungus. . a  ve effect on reducing these populations foot rot was revealed, a concrete implementation of thi
13585	2	a combination of sampling in the field, gene sequencing and analysis but in addition also exper   the laboratory on crucial steps in the reproductive cycles of the organisms.
14378	4	parasitic diseases are among the most important constra  on animal productivity and welfare. the life cycle of the liver fluke fasciola hepatica depends  vity and welfare. the life cycle of the liver fluke fasciola hepatica depends on an intermediat   and infection rates in order to create liver fluke risk maps at the landscape scale.
11573	3	ization of the importance they have for global climate thanks to our technological developments  ks to our technological developments in data collection, storage and communication, ipy will ha  ystem back to servers at the sea mammal research unit. this will provide a large high-resolutio
15428	1	the research project here presented aims to study the liche
2466	5	ults from the consumption of seafood or drinking water, which is infested with the neurotoxic a  as their biosynthesis, metabolic or eco-physiological function, how this pathway has evolved, a   addressed in this study. recently, the gene clusters that are responsible for the biosynthesis  of saxitoxin and its analogues, and the biochemical mechanisms involved. furthermore, pst-biosy  pathways, and their possible horizontal gene transfer. this information will shed light on the
11474	1	ing to implement a stochastic model for microbial populations that is more commonly applied in
7480	19	gate, develop and implement a family of second generation video coding algorithms with a focus    for various communication channels and peripheral devices as well as a processing capacity for  els and peripheral devices as well as a processing capacity for real-time execution of the vide  ere properties such as low cost and low power consumption are of great importance. réalisations  ithms useful for industrialisation of a wide range of equipment for transmission of video signa   range of equipment for transmission of video signals at low bit-rates on the isdn and pstn net  applications and technology verified in field tests. an h.263+ compatible vtc tool has also bee  s to be used in environment such as the distance learning application. the scalar project has m  ification model and core experiments. a real time encoding of h.263 achieving 13,5 frames/s has   200 million extensions. by passing the critical mass in potential reachable market, new applic  bles developed and trialled a family of second generation video coding algorithms with a focus    technical approach scalar will exploit second generation video coding techniques. coding algor  coupled hardware development to achieve real time operation will facilitate technology demonstr  ll facilitate technology demonstration, field tests and eventual industrialisation. the toolbox   risks of the project. summary of trial field trials of low bit-rate video communication are pe  applications: a forest surveillance and fire detection system in portugal and distant learning   tion. in the second test, standard pstn telephone lines will be used for video communication of  achieving maximum learning performance. key issues find high performance, adaptable and scaleab  echnologies verify applications through field tests support the standardisation of relevant tec
13349	3	his framework will be disseminated to a wide range of relevant users via a web based support to   relevant users via a web based support tool kit and by means of further dissemination channels  h as conferences, publications, and the mass media.
10082	4	body size influences an organism s energetic requiremen  elations between population density and body size in benthic animal assemblages may be attribut   shall explore if scaling of density to body size converges across communities. we also aim to   nal scales of observation may influence body size and population density.
10841	4	ating to the behavioural ecology of the hawksbill turtle at two sites in the caribbean to promo  ill also integrate the use of high-tech chemical analyses of turtles and dietary items to allow  hts into the biology of this critically endangered species, allowing managers to better protect  protect and manage their stocks and the critical habitats in which they live, thus contributing
7478	4	ims to enhance the connectivity between biodiversity research and policy making. although conse  ivity between biodiversity research and policy making. although conservation and the sustainabl  . the project proposes state of the art interdisciplinary research on science-policy interfaces  hat are currently emerging to interface biodiversity research and sustainability policy. the pr
13860	1	iversity aspects are largely lacking. a pilot project 2003 - 2005, in cooperation between swede
14711	4	nt decades, the numerical simulation of environmental problems has highly benefited from the ev  l hydrodynamics and solute transport in water can be modelled by means of numerical methods abl  he complex form of both the initial and boundary conditions. this is the reason why simplified    or when it is combined with biological/chemical reaction terms, the resulting water quality mo
14710	2	theoretical knowledge. the project will take place in the floodplains of the middle ebro river   ful to be applied as strategies for the ecological restoration of wetlands at large scale in fl
12426	3	ments; by bringing together experts and policy makers. key customer purpose: the marine strateg  ution and other impacts often transcend national boundaries, national action on the marine envi  onal boundaries, national action on the marine environment needs to be supported by a framework
12064	7	ecosystem assessment . as a result, the scientific community, decision makers, and managers do    as a result, the scientific community, decision makers, and managers do not yet have a high de   makers, and managers do not yet have a high degree of confidence in model projections. the fir  neration of models of plant response to climate change that can address several of the key shor  objective of this project is to provide natural resource managers with quantitative estimates o  uantitative estimates of the impacts of climate change and climate extremes on plant diversity    climate change and climate extremes on plant diversity and to collaborate on the development o
12584	2	he oracle-based countryside information data system as a component of the masq database. the fi  on will also be invaluable to the wider scientific community since it will a comprehensive asse
12708	3	ies, covering both the conventional and renewable energy sectors, with reference to issues conc  rs, with reference to issues concerning climate change and wetlands, linking as appropriate to   tives in these sectors and on issues of energy security in general.
12183	2	periods of the year. under enclosed and open grassland, farm traffic and heavy grazing are the   nment will be written as well as a full technical report and paper for peer-reviewed publicatio
12180	6	s of nature, the advantages of creating wildlife habitats may be detrimental to the environment  crop cover, and phosphate losses due to soil erosion. in order to assess whether agri-environme  he fate of other compounds, and c other environmental factors. 4. analyse the benefit of habita  t of habitat restoration vs the overall environmental impact in fiscal terms, including the con  5. identify areas of uncertainty in the knowledge base and recommend actions for redress. the i   factors such as soil type, topography, land use.
12619	3	rmine the feasibility of populating the land use component of the land use, land use change and  opulating the land use component of the land use, land use change and forestry .   the land use component of the land use, land use change and forestry .
12188	5	the hill farming allowance for environmental benefits provi   maintain and improve the biodiversity, natural resources, landscape and historical value of en  england’s uplands, and to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation, by supporting  t of outcomes, modelling and the use of case studies. the project will also consider the potent  op discussions will be converted into a first draft of a report, which will be circulated to al
14622	1	ellosis outbreaks in spain originate in cooling towers and sanitary water polluted with legione
12289	3	e soil. as pressure increases on global food prices and supply, a balance is needed between foo  and supply, a balance is needed between food production and the maintenance of healthy and dive  he root growth and lateral root number, growth rate and angle of these accessions and will comp
13787	3	onse will partly be determined by state-dependent variables and seabirds in the baltic sea as a  les and seabirds in the baltic sea as a case study to integrate detailed studies of state-depen  ate detailed studies of state-dependant life history responses in predators and responses of ec
2490	3	irds for an improved management of this marine environment. the data analyses aim to develop fu  agement of this marine environment. the data analyses aim to develop further models of seabird   ther models of seabird distribution and population dynamics using different environmental param
15142	3	and quercus pyrenaica, the two iberian white oaks species with largest ecological diversity an  ion areas. due to colinearity among the white oaks genomes, the bin map will allow the selectio  chromosomal regions showing evidence of natural selection will be saturated with the cdna-ssrs
10501	1	e hypothesis of a southern dispersal of modern humans will be produced, as well as palaeoenviro
10473	1	e hypothesis of a southern dispersal of modern humans will be produced, as well as palaeoenviro
11105	3	in migratory bird species, the ability of individuals to settle on g  the ability of individuals to settle on good quality winter and breeding habitat can determine   nsiderable consequences for demography, life histories and conservation. in many migratory bird
11434	3	in migratory bird species, the ability of individuals to settle on g  the ability of individuals to settle on good quality winter and breeding habitat can determine   nsiderable consequences for demography, life histories and conservation. in many migratory bird
10481	1	loping biological markers for assessing climate change.
11780	1	l rapidly detect labelled species using new developments in spectroscopy which provide unique f
14613	2	hese points are reached, the charipinae evolutionary tree will be compared with those from the   n in order to help the establishment of biological control programs of some plagues of hemipter
15292	3	oopoes could be protecting eggs against pathogenic bacteria, given that females cover eggs in s  g, a behaviour never described in other bird species. in this project we propose to study the a  st the effects of the secretion against pathogenic microorganisms at both sites, by experimenta
7466	3	his framework will be disseminated to a wide range of relevant users via a web based support to   relevant users via a web based support tool kit and by means of further dissemination channels  h as conferences, publications, and the mass media.
13949	1	ses on the seafloor and resuspension by physical processes , such as waves and bottom trawling.
14728	6	arge databases, complex network theory, molecular genetics methods, and computer simulations. g  theory, molecular genetics methods, and computer simulations. genetic variation in plants where  tics methods, and computer simulations. genetic variation in plants where animals act as pollin  g the distinct populations, mediated by gene flow contributed by animal mutualists that dispers   and seeds. we study the persistence of local populations of endangered and/or relict species a  ty patterns estimated from ssr and aflp genetic markers and their dependence on animal pollinat
228	2	the orchidaceae is one of the largest plant families on earth, including almost 10% of all fl  s on earth, including almost 10% of all flowering plant species. lots of articles have been pro
11237	4	inium-associated disease can cause high death rates amongst crustacean stocks the biology of th  gly, however, little is known about the life cycle of the parasite when it leaves the infected   l the present mysteries surrounding the life cycle of hematodinium. following release from the   ts. better knowledge of this parasite s life cycle outside of the crustaceans will aid in the d
14226	2	within tropical areas in connection to habitat type and distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi   on of ectomycorrhizal fungi as possible food sources is foreseen. working through the extensive
12223	1	between csa and sustainable farming and food science division
10845	3	selection is expected to erode additive genetic variation for traits associated with fitness; h  re frequently observed to have abundant genetic variation. how is this variation maintained in   eiotropy in the maintenance of adaptive genetic variation. this idea has never been tested in a
10339	3	s pigeons to the latest elite holstein dairy cow clearly demonstrate the power of artificial s  ry cow clearly demonstrate the power of artificial selection. responses to selection in nature    the possibility that the expression of genetic variation varies with environmental variation,
15509	1	biotic factors, such as new species of host plants .
10515	10	insects make up the vast majority of animal biodiversity and have been stud  us imbalance between what we know about evolutionary biology in the lab and what we know about   rding their lives using a network of 96 video cameras. the reproductive success of every indivi  ole, how individuals are related, their life histories, behaviour and reproductive success. thi   our major aims of determining how much genetic variation is present and whether natural and se  e advantageous, this will help maintain genetic variation. such variation allows populations to  ls are more genetically compatible with one another, for instance because they are not close re  mining how they differ genetically from one another. this will also allow us to look for eviden  e the comprehensive data we have on the life histories of all the crickets in our population to  nimals such as crickets actually die of old age, or whether they just keep going until somethin
9999	10	insects make up the vast majority of animal biodiversity and have been stud  us imbalance between what we know about evolutionary biology in the lab and what we know about   rding their lives using a network of 96 video cameras. the reproductive success of every indivi  ole, how individuals are related, their life histories, behaviour and reproductive success. thi   our major aims of determining how much genetic variation is present and whether natural and se  e advantageous, this will help maintain genetic variation. such variation allows populations to  ls are more genetically compatible with one another, for instance because they are not close re  mining how they differ genetically from one another. this will also allow us to look for eviden  e the comprehensive data we have on the life histories of all the crickets in our population to  nimals such as crickets actually die of old age, or whether they just keep going until somethin
15353	1	ion, ii apply the comparative method in evolutionary biology and iii develop statistic methods
14143	1	selectivity study of passive fishing gears and elaboration of more selective gear
2021	6	o link the concepts of catastrophes and self-organization mechanistically, i will focus on turi  ew is their use in explaining shifts in ecosystem structures. hence, my central hypothesis is t  ing framework for both catastrophes and self-organization will be developed and tested in arid   rophic shifts, and they exhibit spatial self-organization of vegetation. spatially explicit mod  d using existing data and new data from field measurements. the models will be made quantitativ   identified principles may also explain self-organization and catastrophic shifts in other ecos
11578	6	climate change is proceeding apace. many populations ar  contained in tightly linked groups in a fruit fly that cause female biased population sex ratio  ng gene in natural populations across a temperature gradient. one possibility is that changes i  ing the sex ratio gene. we predict that low temperatures are unfavourable to sex ratio males be  t which species may turn into potential agricultural pests and disease vectors, whereas other s  e to captive breeding programmes and in biological control schemes by highlighting the link bet
11830	6	climate change is proceeding apace. many populations ar  contained in tightly linked groups in a fruit fly that cause female biased population sex ratio  ng gene in natural populations across a temperature gradient. one possibility is that changes i  ing the sex ratio gene. we predict that low temperatures are unfavourable to sex ratio males be  t which species may turn into potential agricultural pests and disease vectors, whereas other s  e to captive breeding programmes and in biological control schemes by highlighting the link bet
7027	5	ting motility analysis, percent of dead sperm cells, sperm acrosome integrity and fertility tes  ct the egg genome. the doses uv and the exposure time which required for destruction of egg gen  e diploid state can be done by applying heat shock in which the exact temperature and exposure   hock in which the exact temperature and exposure time will be tested. heterozygous androgenesis  l be determined in the bases of tadpole survival rates and genetic compositions by the microsat
13832	6	arasitoid females localize and identify bark beetle brood, late instar larvae and pupae in or b  ed into 3 phases: 1 identify a group of bark beetle attacked trees; 2 identify a suitable bark   e attacked trees; 2 identify a suitable bark beetle attacked tree and land on this tree; 3 the   female should localize and identify the bark beetle brood, and oviposit, she lays one egg per h  emales can identify, while the combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry is used for ch  t necessarily compounds produced by the bark beetle brood that attracts the parasitoid females.
14824	1	life-history theory is based on the trade-off between survival .
10984	5	are all familiar with the fact that in old age, we have reduced fertility, mobility and abilit  owever, the question is why is this one evolutionary theory of aging proposes that because we a  ility of accidental death, the power of natural selection to prevent the accumulation of bad mu   theories are relative easy to study in lab animals, they are notoriously difficult in wild ani  urse some exceptions, notably some wild bird species as well as mammals such as deer and sheep,
10762	3	soil respiration research programme in peru. the new information from th  ficant new insight into one of the most important elements of the terrestrial carbon cycle. the  t important elements of the terrestrial carbon cycle. the project will also develop a measureme
10953	3	impacts of oxidised and reduced n on a blanket bog community with low ambient n will be invest  ants. results will be used to determine critical loads/levels for the different n forms and ide  ferent n forms and identify areas of uk blanket bog at risk from n deposition. the use of p and
10054	2	o assess ecosystem health by monitoring performance indicators in free-living receptor organism  a can be converted into resources which support efforts to understand the interactions between
11582	2	o assess ecosystem health by monitoring performance indicators in free-living receptor organism  a can be converted into resources which support efforts to understand the interactions between
10023	1	ilibrium to address a major question in evolutionary genetics: are negative genetic correlation
11826	8	sites are believed to be in a continual arms race as each species tries to adapt to the other;   osts try to resist being infected. this arms race has been played out for millions of years and   there is a long-standing prediction in evolutionary biology that those genes in hosts and para  he interaction will show high levels of genetic diversity within a species, and genetic diverge  parasite interactions. partly because a new technology has emerged to sequence thousands of gen  ion in both hosts and parasites, to the genetic diversity in these genes. our hypothesis is tha  cording to their function or pattern of gene expression. this proposal will provide additional   ese questions in nematode infections of red grouse, soay sheep and laboratory rats. as such it
11295	2	ter and to genes deposited within other gene banks. the sequence information will not only be u  have wide-ranging implications for many research groups working on different aspects of teleost
12259	4	tato, the world's fourth most important food crop, is the most important member of the solanace  quence data we will be able to create a genetic marker system, based on small dna variations be  he data generated will be placed in the public domain in a user ready format with the identific  oject will also be used to bring the uk research community working on solanaceous plants togeth
10802	2	nificantly affected by local and global human activities into biodiversity-ecosystem functionin  o biodiversity-ecosystem functioning in marine sediments.
10283	7	the marine ecosystem is crucial for the functioning of the   the earth system requires a significant research effort on marine microbes. the enormous number   metabolic diversity, suggests that the genetic diversity and function is far higher than that   stigated so far. the huge extent of the microbial diversity in the marine environment was first  xtent of the microbial diversity in the marine environment was first demonstrated by the study   produce approximately 800 million bp of genetic information comprising approximately 200 - 400   pyrosequencing technique to analyse the gene expression of a whole microbial community.
10307	2	ceans. and, as if that were not enough, every time you stroll by the seaside, that tangy, evoca  with a seed . this has major effects on global climate and was even used by that sage, james lo
10562	2	ceans. and, as if that were not enough, every time you stroll by the seaside, that tangy, evoca  with a seed . this has major effects on global climate and was even used by that sage, james lo
11323	2	ceans. and, as if that were not enough, every time you stroll by the seaside, that tangy, evoca  with a seed . this has major effects on global climate and was even used by that sage, james lo
10455	2	y-to-day work tasks in offshore oil and gas fields, such as inspections, maintenance and survey  the use of remotely operated vehicles . financial leverage will be considerable. scientific tas
13333	3	that occurred during the last 50 years. mathematical models, validated and upgraded using exist  ation of biodiversity and mitigation of climate change through carbon sequestration in water an  ociety. it will stimulate and stregthen international cooperation in the mediterranaean and bla
12191	1	the publication of the uk biodiversity action plan in 1995. the objective of the uk bap is to
10209	4	most parasitic worms have the potential for self- and cross-   worms have the potential for self- and cross-fertilization, but few empirical studies have foc  eeding on the evolutionary dynamics and genetic diversity in natural and laboratory populations  . recently developed molecular markers, field studies and extensive breeding facilities will al
2029	1	modern evolutionary theory assumes that individuals maximise t
11089	6	fundamental to our understanding of the natural world. the role of mate choice in promoting div  e that it has been important in african freshwater fishes. fishes in marine environments such a  in african freshwater fishes. fishes in marine environments such as coral reefs also exhibit hi  . fishes in marine environments such as coral reefs also exhibit high diversity which is associ  bly the most famous example of a marine adaptive radiation. nine to 12 species of these small,    choice in the wild and in aquaria, and genetic analyses of the divergence among morphs carried
14783	9	this family include species with giant sex chromosomes formed by the accumulation of large het   of the heterochromatic blocks from the sex chromosomes of m. cabrerae and other european and a   the transference of this gene from the y chromosome to the x and after that the fixation of th   the fixation of this characteristic by genetic drift, probably by a bottle neck. to test this    this hypothesis we want to analyze the genetic variation in m. cabrerae using several microsat  ude species with synaptic and asynaptic sex chromosomes, we want to determine if the absence of  bsence of the synaptic condition of the sex chromosomes is due to the loss of the pseudoautosom  ral species with synaptic and asynaptic sex chromosomes using as probe the euchromatic region f  s probe the euchromatic region from the y chromosome from each species.
10080	10	animals do not do all things perfectly. in order to survive, reproduce an  d ensure their genes are represented in future generations, they must divide their time and ene  de females to mate with him. across the animal kingdom males have evolved extraordinary feature  lly-selected features, such as a strong immune system, are therefore vital for females to reduc  id themselves of infestations. however, immune systems can be expensive as they are powered by   e predict that males should have weaker immune systems and be more prone to disease compared to  e female housed with one male for their entire lives, sexual selection did not occur. as monoga  energy and nutrients to invest in their immune systems, making them just as good as monogamous   ent and also how they evolve along-side one another. these changes may even affect the chances   factors that determine the diversity of animal life on our planet.
14529	3	n from sexual cannibalism , a burrowing wolf spider for which we have a great deal of prelimina  l role that sexual cannibalism has as a selective pressure upon males and females. furthermore,  ability of food and the sex ratio, with laboratory experiments and individual-based models.
10856	2	st-mating reproductive barriers between bird species. the study will exploit a specific but uni  in speciation and this study provides a unique opportunity to identify mechanisms of reproducti
10519	6	vironments can lead to the evolution of new forms, but recently there has been great interest i  ence remains poorly studied and several key issues remain almost completely neglected, particul   because random loss of alleles through genetic drift is important, or in large populations bec  ater mutational input and more standing genetic variation 3. can mutational input cause populat   expensive to rear, but may retain more genetic variation and experience higher overall mutatio  nce higher overall mutational inputs. a major problem in studying antagonistic coevolution, is
10972	6	vironments can lead to the evolution of new forms, but recently there has been great interest i  ence remains poorly studied and several key issues remain almost completely neglected, particul   because random loss of alleles through genetic drift is important, or in large populations bec  ater mutational input and more standing genetic variation 3. can mutational input cause populat   expensive to rear, but may retain more genetic variation and experience higher overall mutatio  nce higher overall mutational inputs. a major problem in studying antagonistic coevolution, is
1980	4	her. this may lead to a co-evolutionary arms race where harmful traits and corresponding counte  ts in the simultaneously hermaphroditic pond snail lymnaea stagnalis. furthermore, the physiolo  h at the level of sperm survival and of resource allocation there exist conficts between the ma  vent sperm digestion. the conflict over resource allocation stems from the fact that early copu
6735	1	the gfap-immunoreactivity of identical brain areas of males and females is compared. following
6754	2	by the presence of the sry gene on the y chromosome, which causes the indifferent gonad to dev  ck or abnormality of sry gene result in gonadal dysgenesis. mutations of the androgen receptor
11759	2	r parasite mediated selection maintains genetic diversity and drives this process in the seyche  to mate choice exist and, if so, how is genetic variation maintained
2143	4	ions is central to the understanding of evolutionary processes such as sexual selection and spe  s sexual selection and speciation. this research project represents an ambitious plan towards a  ts and advanced molecular methods, this research project will make important contributions to r  that are currently of great interest in evolutionary biology.
11351	3	group of organisms that reproduce with one another to produce fertile offspring: within a spec  od. in this project, we plan to use one animal model, a flour beetle, to examine what specific   mpetition to reproduce can also play an important role. in this beetle and then examine how the
15081	1	ions, and evaluating the effect of this selective pressure upon parameters which are key to eja
14642	2	females to male adaptations which have adverse effects. the main objective of this project is   ct is to disentangle the role played by natural selection and reinforcement on the one hand, an
14619	3	implications for individual fitness and population dynamics are badly understood. by means of a  plaining multiple partner mating in the common lizard. well investigate the benefits of female   ale choice. well combine studies in the natural habitat with lab experiments to understand the
15473	4	e absence of changes in sperm size. two alternative hypotheses propose that such increase in sw  shape to reduce drag, or an increase in energy production by sperm. we propose to test these hy  revented by the evolution of protective counter-measures such as changes in the composition of   ch as changes in the composition of the plasma membrane, increased antioxidant defenses, or a g
2112	9	r to relate variation in temperature to population trends and various life history traits. howe  rature to population trends and various life history traits. however such correlative studies c  by phenotypic plasticity or a change in gene frequencies. selection acts on the phenotype and w  ast partly based on underlying additive genetic variation. therefore if we are to predict any e   knowledge about the amount of additive genetic variation expressed in populations. there is al   in heritability may strongly influence evolutionary processes. in the present project we use a   to examine the differences in additive genetic variance in body size among male and female pie  erences in additive genetic variance in body size among male and female pied flycatcher aimed t   of maternal effects on heritability on body size in different environments. to our knowledge t
10017	11	evolutionary biologists are continually puzzled by the   ually puzzled by the following problem: natural selection should remove genetic variation that   roblem: natural selection should remove genetic variation that affects the fitness of individua  measured, there is often quite a lot of genetic variation for fitness. one possible explanation  ible explanation for the persistence of genetic variation in a population is that, in those spe  o ten generations of deer. we also have blood samples and can collect faecal samples in which w   have information about the density and weather conditions in which each animal has lived. long  ormation on many aspects of ecology and evolutionary biology. in the first and major part of th  c selection will be concentrated on the x chromosome, and we will investigate this question usi  known differences in the inheritance of x chromosomes from different ancestors. we will then me  tion pressures associated with sexually-antagonistic effects. we will test the hypothesis that
11844	5	order to make decisions: these include town planning, search and rescue, construction and resp  ponse to emergencies such as floods and disease outbreak. the internet is a very useful means f  ned valuable lessons, and developed new software tools, that can solve some of these problems.   to these tools. then we shall apply the new technology to two test cases, to ensure that the te  e shall apply the new technology to two test cases, to ensure that the technology really meets
11332	7	over the last 200 years human activity has increased co2 in the atmosphere by a   by around 30%. many studies have shown negative effects of lowered ph on biological functions   shown negative effects of lowered ph on biological functions in a wide range of marine animals   lowered ph on biological functions in a wide range of marine animals and algae. there is widesp   on marine life and on the stability of marine ecosystems. this is especially so for species wi   skeletons that have occurred since the industrial revolution, when co2 levels have been consis   these approaches should provide a very good understanding of how marine species have and can r
180	1	he norbaf network, and in international scientific journals. the recommendations given accordin
7535	2	. we propose to use electrophoretic and biological characteristics of iso pyoverdines to establ  tion of the species and help define the genetic diversity of these bacteria
15588	4	tem functions is a key facet of current climate change research. in particular, identifying mec  tremes and foster the identification of early warning signals of thresholds of regime shift. re  ce: signal is well-connected within the scientific community, members belonging to large resear  c community, members belonging to large research initiatives such as climmani, cextreme, precip
2129	3	a central challenge in evolutionary biology is to understand what determines t  lity theory and learning experiments on great tits. game-theoretical models will be developed t  ture and evolvability in coevolutionary arms races, as exemplified by the coevolution of a bate
11340	9	he fundamental, unresolved questions in evolutionary biology is how genetic variation can be ma  uestions in evolutionary biology is how genetic variation can be maintained in traits that are   ct that constant selection would remove genetic variation from a population. however, it is an    fact that most traits show significant genetic variation in the face of constant selection. th  at are the target of mate choice retain genetic variation is that the expression of these trait  hat condition will show a great deal of genetic variation and as a result, condition dependent   ent traits are expected to reflect this genetic variation in condition. in this study, we will   interesting with respect to patterns of genetic variation present in populations. using the sta  nce of social interactions in producing genetic variation in male eye-span, which is the target
13857	2	hrimps, is an important mean of earning foreign exchange in india. lately the export of shrimps  has declined due to several factors and government agencies are promoting oysters and clams as
10299	1	unaffected by european influences. our genetic analysis of these archaeological and indigenous
14272	1	ling group and is the originator of the coupled transport-reaction model contraste.
12668	2	onitoring aims to understand effects of climate change and atmospheric pollution on biodiversit  ide evidence in support of decision and policy making to mitigate adverse impacts. it involves
11212	3	arget species identification, obtaining digital images of samples and from video images, applyi  samples and from video images, applying digital image analysis techniques to acquire species ab  eted for marprod objectives. additional digital camera images have been made and stored, of cha
15580	2	ugia for biodiversity and may provide a wide range of ecosystem services a supranational stakeh  related to biodiversity and sustainable forest management.
7055	2	different environments resides in their genetic diversity. this diversity, most commonly manife  ted through ecotilling and tilling in a wide range of germplasm of jatropha and in ems induced
13334	5	there is a discrepancy in the amount of research work carried out in the economic domain, and t  ment, or of a coordinated international research programme. still, the work that has been done    biodiversity policy. many biodiversity policy makers have educational and professional backgro  nal and professional backgrounds in the life sciences, appear unfamiliar or ill at ease with th  tical concepts and methodologies of the social sciences and are unsure how and where to involve
11544	2	re darwin, one of the central quests in evolutionary biology. not only will an answer to this q  dividuals differ, but can also identify environmental factors that will affect the expression o
10221	10	key goal of research in biological and medical science is to understand why some individuals i  als in a population remain healthy into old age, whereas others decline rapidly and die early.   h on model laboratory organisms such as fruit flies and mice suggests that the rate of decline   e strongly dependent on an individual s social status and its interactions with other group mem   status and its interactions with other group members. our research will test for the first tim  goose, using a combination of long-term data analysis, behavioural experiments and physiologica  ulations of social vertebrates, and how natural selection shapes the evolution of life history   tural selection shapes the evolution of life history in long-lived animals living in close-knit  long-lived animals living in close-knit family groups, including, potentially, ancestral humans  ise to advance our understanding of the evolutionary processes and proximate causes of aging.
10904	10	key goal of research in biological and medical science is to understand why some individuals i  als in a population remain healthy into old age, whereas others decline rapidly and die early.   h on model laboratory organisms such as fruit flies and mice suggests that the rate of decline   e strongly dependent on an individual s social status and its interactions with other group mem   status and its interactions with other group members. our research will test for the first tim  goose, using a combination of long-term data analysis, behavioural experiments and physiologica  ulations of social vertebrates, and how natural selection shapes the evolution of life history   tural selection shapes the evolution of life history in long-lived animals living in close-knit  long-lived animals living in close-knit family groups, including, potentially, ancestral humans  ise to advance our understanding of the evolutionary processes and proximate causes of aging.
9992	10	key goal of research in biological and medical science is to understand why some individuals i  als in a population remain healthy into old age, whereas others decline rapidly and die early.   h on model laboratory organisms such as fruit flies and mice suggests that the rate of decline   e strongly dependent on an individual s social status and its interactions with other group mem   status and its interactions with other group members. our research will test for the first tim  goose, using a combination of long-term data analysis, behavioural experiments and physiologica  ulations of social vertebrates, and how natural selection shapes the evolution of life history   tural selection shapes the evolution of life history in long-lived animals living in close-knit  long-lived animals living in close-knit family groups, including, potentially, ancestral humans  ise to advance our understanding of the evolutionary processes and proximate causes of aging.
11483	5	utations are spontaneous changes in the genetic material means they evolve over a matter of day   furthermore, bacteria can be stored in suspended animation in a freezer, allowing evolution to  ulations from different points in their evolutionary history; effectively, a living fossil reco  ir evolutionary history; effectively, a living fossil record.   utionary history; effectively, a living fossil record.
10492	6	proposal addresses a central concept in evolutionary biology regarding the origin and maintenan  ale ornaments. however, a number of non-genetic factors have captured the attention of research  l mating behavior that is influenced by environmental factors. this proposal focuses on how soc  city varies on a population-wide scale. theoretical arguments suggest that founding populations  ive genetic mating experiment to detect genetic variation in the tendency of females to respond  ch depends on the magnitude of additive genetic variation for it. third, i will examine fitness
14206	4	in grey-cheeked mangabeys. during post-doctoral research at tartu university, i will analyze f  ata from five mangabey groups in kibale national park, uganda. i will closely cooperate with th  anda. i will closely cooperate with the research team led by prof. raivo mänd and dr. vallo til  continuously monitored in kibale forest national park since 2004. the background knowledge that
12335	5	: to understand and recommend how socio-economic data could be integrated into the planning of   tegrated into the planning of uk marine conservation zone network. this will involve an expert    and result in the development of socio-economic data-layers. the inclusion of socio-economic f  mic data-layers. the inclusion of socio-economic factors in network design is still a developin  used to formulate guidance on how socio-economic data should be considered in the design of mcz
15166	1	ar genes, it has been reconstructed the evolutionary tree of fungi structure.
14174	1	ategies. by planning the management and restoration projects on flooded meadows the knowledge o
12620	5	he atmosphere, and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and hence the climate    for ecology and hydrology, the british geological survey and skm enviros. a report will be wri  en for each sub-project with an overall executive summary and main report encompassing all of t  management practices on soil carbon and greenhouse gas emissions. soil carbon underlying the to  practices on soil carbon and greenhouse gas emissions. soil carbon underlying the topsoil and i
15148	5	for soil protection related to the soil organic carbon cycle this overall objective can be brok   protection related to the soil organic carbon cycle this overall objective can be broken down   ral practices on the genetic potential, gene expression and the quantity and phylogeny of the e  tices and agricultural systems and soil organic carbon balance. to determine the soil compartme  ation is smaller and the quality of the organic matter greater in order to establish possible s
6994	2	ject is planed for three years, and the financial support needed amounts to about 3 million aus  ainly to finance a full-day post-doc, a graduate student, and a half-day technician.
227	3	species arm plant cover, effective but heavy machinery, are proceeded on grasslands to get hig  grassland cultures with their extensive root system may reduce the harmful effect of soil compa  ir extensive root system may reduce the harmful effect of soil compaction and improve the soil
13867	1	nce hypothesis for am fungal diversity. specific goals: 1. to determine the influence of soil d
13988	8	in tropical soil the organic matter content decreases and the soil structure  cted by amounts and quantity of of soil organic matter and different crops and different intesi  esity of soil cultivation - is the soil food web more stable and recilient in soil with high or   stable and recilient in soil with high organic matter content and high biodiversity than in de  what extent are different taxonomic and functional groups of soil animals feeding on the growin  and to what extent do they use the dead organic matter as their basic food source the structure   the dead organic matter as their basic food source the structure of the soil fauna community w  13c isotop will be followed through the food web.
12632	8	eview the overall costs and benefits of soil erosion measures and to identify cost-effective mi  the current knowledge on the impacts of climate change on soil processes, functions and its rel   carried out by internationally-leading soil scientists from cranfield university, the cross-in   and update each of the teams' existing knowledge base. the key questions and issues raised wit  bers to discuss the findings before the final drafts are prepared and submitted to defra for co  uced for each sub-project and a concise executive summary will be compiled to put the informati  s of mitigation measures used to reduce soil erosion; and review the potential impacts of clima  on; and review the potential impacts of climate change on soil processes, functions and biota.
14490	3	onsequences that this aspect has on the population dynamics of threatened species.seed burial e  d species.seed burial experiment in the natural habitats of species, including periodical seed    in changes of dormancy stages and what environmental factors are involved. the analysis will b
7477	7	es, computational models that integrate soil erosion, solute transport, carbon dynamics and foo  , solute transport, carbon dynamics and food web dynamics within an open-source modelling frame  nces in decision support developed from life cycle and economic assessment methodologies for na  d economic assessment methodologies for natural resources. a key conceptual advance of this pro  tes that describe key stages within the life cycle of soil formation, its productive use and de  s they vary with lithology, climate and land use. these sites and their teams will be integrate  d results and an international research training programme into a global network of critical zo
12605	3	ions for them of changing management of organic matter within their enterprise. 2.to demonstrat  sed to predict the impact of changes in land use and management on soc within catchments define  eholders including defra. the completed case studies referred to in the final report are availa
13350	7	ion of biofuels competes with areas for food production and nature. moreover, intensified land   ction and nature. moreover, intensified land use reduces soil biodiversity and the resulting ec   biodiversity surveys to construct soil food web models and determine effects of changing soil    consequences for outbreaks of pests or invasive species. soilservice will link ecological and   m services during different pressure of land use and changes in soil biodiversity. • field and   cosystem services at different types of land use • building scenarios to identify economical an  fy economical and social drivers of how land use such as biofuel production and land abandonmen
12405	4	d the implications of its impact on the marine environment are matters of considerable concern.  tputs of this project will generate the experimental data necessary to forecast direct effects   pogenic noise is the subject of current preliminary investigation. the overarching aim is to pr   reaction to act from a knowledge-based stand point upon consenting applications. the proposal
10556	7	distinguishing group members from non-group members underlies a vast a    distinguishing group members from non-group members underlies a vast array of key animal beha  p members underlies a vast array of key animal behaviours, such as territoriality, altruism and  cent knowledge to study the genetic and environmental forces that underpin the maintenance of v  including the well-known mound-building wood ants and thus are one of the best studied groups o  nservation. secondly, understanding how environmental forces interact with genetic variation wi   how environmental forces interact with genetic variation will provide new insights into the ev
11286	7	distinguishing group members from non-group members underlies a vast a    distinguishing group members from non-group members underlies a vast array of key animal beha  p members underlies a vast array of key animal behaviours, such as territoriality, altruism and  cent knowledge to study the genetic and environmental forces that underpin the maintenance of v  including the well-known mound-building wood ants and thus are one of the best studied groups o  nservation. secondly, understanding how environmental forces interact with genetic variation wi   how environmental forces interact with genetic variation will provide new insights into the ev
11246	15	ry as a result of continuous burning of fossil fuel, the global environment is facing a crisis    continuous burning of fossil fuel, the global environment is facing a crisis stemming from rap  g from rapidly rising concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosp  centrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. assuming greenhouse  house gases in our atmosphere. assuming greenhouse gas emissions at or above current rates, car   in our atmosphere. assuming greenhouse gas emissions at or above current rates, carbon dioxide  as emissions at or above current rates, carbon dioxide will reach nearly triple the pre-industr  sment of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, the high latitudes will experience the   reases, resulting in a rapid melting of polar ice-sheets and global sea level rise. for a furth   melting of polar ice-sheets and global sea level rise. for a further understanding of potentia  major climatic thresholds. the proposed research project will reconstruct past vegetation of an  of how the terrestrial environments and polar ice sheets responded, and might respond in the fu   the terrestrial environments and polar ice sheets responded, and might respond in the future,   l also contribute to the improvement of climate models that we rely upon for simulating future   that we rely upon for simulating future climate change.
13536	5	is study is to investigate whether sown wild flower strips can act as dispersal corridors for f  species diversity in nearby grasslands. wild flower strips are sown by farmers in switzerland a  odiversity. to study whether these sown wild flower strips can function as corridors in the cho  ool and abundance in nearby grasslands, environmental factors as pesticide use, and spatial fac  by grasslands, environmental factors as pesticide use, and spatial factors . the project will i
464	7	the islands in the indian ocean, using field observations to characterize the surroundings and  t. in madagascar, the regions establish development plans that include sustainable management o  l ecologic mechanisms, and the existing development plans only take into account partial data.   vernment is considering the creation of national parks for preservation; hence it is necessary   ation; hence it is necessary to conduct scientific studies on the functioning of ecosystems to   ecision-making for the elaboration of a development plan. we have chosen a zone of study in mad  mensions: zones of study, participating academic departments, and young phd students. it will f
7223	4	ions of the indian ocean islands, using field observations to characterize the environment and   ment. madagascar has, regions establish development plans that include sustainable environmenta   data. . the government plans to create national parks for conservation, hence the need to cond  conservation, hence the need to conduct scientific studies on the functioning of ecosystems to
13461	1	ispersal pattern, i.e. dispersal from a local population will mainly occur when it is saturated
12447	1	nnel, and the potential consequences of climate change upon these processes. develop a forecast
2146	9	imary nursery habitats for juveniles in salmon populations is of prime importance for managers,   importance for managers, especially as river systems are coming under pressure from anthropoge  ic disturbances. the smaller streams in river systems are especially vulnerable. earlier studie  earlier studies from the subarctic tana river system show that salmon parr migrate in large num  d to study interactions between salmon, brown trout and brook trout. models of competition para  actions between salmon, brown trout and brook trout. models of competition parameters from west   the data from tana as a test. the tana river system is still relatively undisturbed, so knowle  ant value for managers planning habitat restoration projects in other more anthropogenically di  with several national and international research institutes, including a half-year long researc
13559	7	relation between wildlife abundance in tropical forests and spatial heterogeneity in terms of    this to the study of no-take areas for tropical forest wildlife. the effects of natural enviro  ort, previously collected in a 1000 km2 tropical forest area surrounding an indigenous communit  iously collected in a 1000 km2 tropical forest area surrounding an indigenous community in the   il characteristics, in combination with remote sensing. the interactions between hunters and ga  be theoretically explored using dynamic mathematical models that approach bioeconomic equilibri  s as a means for wildlife management in tropical forests. the effects of two no-take areas set
1940	1	sis, a11owing to trace the influence of economic development of wetland areas.
15016	8	revealed the risk of species adapted to low temperatures in the mountains as a consequence of t  rature elevation. although not only the climate change will have important effect on the dynami   limit is particularly sensitive to the land use change and climate change. in consequence, thi  ly sensitive to the land use change and climate change. in consequence, this ecosystem and can   ey. our priority is to detect long-term structural changes or drift in mountain ecosystems befo  to identify dominant plant species from high resolution satellite images to analyzed self-organ  nant plant species from high resolution satellite images to analyzed self-organized plant spati  ovide transition shifts indicators from satellite image parameters. this project will result in
12446	1	improved knowledge of the movements of edible crabs in the english channel at local and region
2113	2	rtly independent of arbitrary choice of spatial resolution; and 3 continuous habitat distributi  habitat may then be studied by applying game theory. i will develop these ideas at the cees at
10347	4	ffective population size over different time frames. this latter objective will in part be achi  ective will in part be achieved through genetic analysis of museum specimens that will be speci  lation structure and the maintenance of genetic diversity. at the european scale microsatellite  he phylogeography and compare levels of genetic diversity in central and marginal areas.
10541	7	pendence occurs in populations across a wide range of species, but we have a rather limited ide  rvation concern. as a result, models of population dynamics used to aid decisions about their c   theory predicts that these will play a key role in density-dependence. also, it is increasingl  ion of individuals are forced to occupy poor quality habitat as a population grows, thereby dri  patterns, or the wider implications for population growth or persistence. in this project, we p  consequences of dispersal decisions for population growth and persistence in the face of enviro  ical framework for linking dispersal to population dynamics.
14539	7	layers carried out by roots may have an important role in arid ecosystems where water is a limi  ibution can be upwards , soil type, the organic matter content, the depth of water table, as we  he organic matter content, the depth of water table, as well as the type of species, functional  nd the growth season, and influence the water balance of other species. we propose carrying out  cies. we propose carrying out field and laboratory experiments, using remote sensing and geogra  field and laboratory experiments, using remote sensing and geographic information systems to an  ts, using remote sensing and geographic information systems to analyse mechanisms of hydraulic
15273	1	7.3 will deal with indirect effects in plant communities cohorts of plants
11510	10	infectious diseases such as malaria and swine flu conti  infectious diseases such as malaria and swine flu continue to cause major problems to human hea  malaria and swine flu continue to cause major problems to human health while viral diseases, su  se major problems to human health while viral diseases, such as foot and mouth, and bacterial p  l diseases, such as foot and mouth, and bacterial pathogens, like leaf blight, are a major thre   leaf blight, are a major threat to our food supply. similarly, infectious diseases are widespr  r threat to our food supply. similarly, infectious diseases are widespread in nature and pose a  ms, evolve through time. the ability of bacterial pathogens to evolve resistance to antibiotics  in nature with results from controlled, laboratory experiments, allowing me to directly investi   therapy as a mechanism for controlling bacterial disease. further, this research will emphasis
10308	7	hypotheses in ecology, the competitive exclusion principle states that if 2 species greatly sh  plaining the high diversity observed in plant communities. if interactions between members of t  ht that reaches them, and slowing their growth rate. despite this fact, most of the mathematica  th rate. despite this fact, most of the mathematical models used to try and understand what pro  stand what processes shape and maintain plant communities do not include differences in plant s  g diversity. secondly, i will construct mathematical models that include plant growth to see if  ny of the new predictions occur in real plant communities. together these objectives should ena
11406	7	hypotheses in ecology, the competitive exclusion principle states that if 2 species greatly sh  plaining the high diversity observed in plant communities. if interactions between members of t  ht that reaches them, and slowing their growth rate. despite this fact, most of the mathematica  th rate. despite this fact, most of the mathematical models used to try and understand what pro  stand what processes shape and maintain plant communities do not include differences in plant s  g diversity. secondly, i will construct mathematical models that include plant growth to see if  ny of the new predictions occur in real plant communities. together these objectives should ena
2207	3	of wildlife, especially harvest, in the forest ecosystem can rely on spatial dynamics. related   te to: • integrate spatially structured population dynamics to determine the appropriate spatia  al references to active management e.g. population control including harvest and the effects of
7686	5	d more detailed knowledge of the wooded green belt, at present few mapped accurately, could wel  va meddtl, we propose to map the wooded green belt high spatial resolution, which refers to the  opose to map the wooded green belt high spatial resolution, which refers to the state of fragil  ogical resilience landscape. one second case study will focus on the vulnerability of water res  tion of tvahr by local stakeholders and decision makers and will seek the most relevant indicat
2032	3	this cluster of project proposals addresses theme 1 analysis of the spa  sources. it consists of four integrated project proposals from different institutes. together t  ative study of population structure and population dynamics in a commercially important flatfis
15531	5	ility and is increasingly threatened by land use and climate changes, and associated changes in  increasingly threatened by land use and climate changes, and associated changes in disturbance   understanding the relationships between ecosystem structure and function is of crucial importan  nvestigate how both spatial pattern and plant diversity determine ecosystem functioning in fire  n the ecohydrological feedbacks between ecosystem structure and functioning in semiarid lands.
10272	3	lakes are vitally important elements of the global system. a keynote lect  ortant elements of the global system. a keynote lecture at a recent, major international lake s  micro-profiler, which measures vertical water temperature profiles at specific locations with a
14931	4	cromosomal hybrid zones of the house mouse, mus musculus domesticus, constitute excele  unt the results already obtained by the research group in the only chromosomal polymorphic zone  mined by stochastic processes or due to natural selection. no other research group is now study  s or due to natural selection. no other research group is now studying the robertsonian system
15282	1	ps have been studied in the past by our research team, so we have an initial phylogeny that we
15169	1	line steppes inhabited by albardine the co-occurrence of other plant-animal interactions may re
14684	2	uniperus oxycedrus subsp macrocarpa, an endangered species which that has in doñana one of thei  ement plans for the dune system and for endangered species such as the maritime juniper.
2128	11	the movement and establishment of invasive species in new habitats is a global economic a  ent of invasive forest pests, using the norway spruce - bark beetle system as an example. in no  forest pests, using the norway spruce - bark beetle system as an example. in norwegian forestry  r harmful organisms, such as aggressive bark beetles, that may prove to be a serious setback fo   be a serious setback for forestry. our preliminary investigations of import timber have shown    of import timber have shown that alien bark beetle species occur in imported shipments and may  he potential spread and impact of alien bark beetles. because direct experiments with introduce  dangerous, we will use a combination of data analysis and modelling. we have brought together a  he necessary complementary expertise in bark beetle ecology, modelling and biological invasions  as a part of the competence building on invasive species. the final results will include recomm  possible changes in import routines and forest management that may reduce the spread and establ
2507	1	te being developed in dialogue with the oil industry by a consortium of norwegian marine resear
7392	2	al for understanding the adaptation and evolutionary history of microorganisms, especially in v  ere the host specialization may play an important role. this project will focus on the diversif
14802	1	a to contribute to the knowledge of the endangered species and to obtain information that allow
14902	2	e evaluation of homoploid interspecific gene flow between endangered, balearic endemic taxa and  tics or, on the contrary, interspecific gene flow is threatening endemic populations and specie
11312	6	versity. the tropical lakes of africa s rift valley, considered to be hotspots of biodiversity,  sity, are such environments and provide evolutionary biologists with a unique opportunity to st   provide evolutionary biologists with a unique opportunity to study the evolutionary mechanisms  h lake environments have influenced the genetic diversity of species within african rivers. fur  es, we shall be able to reconstruct the evolutionary history of their relationships. this will   s we are fortunate that the majority of tissue samples are collected and available to begin wor
11626	5	a significant number of studies over the past decade have  species with large populations and high gene flow. such characteristics, in combination with fe  ew obvious barriers to dispersal in the marine environment, are traditionally considered to res  diversity has arisen is a major goal of evolutionary biologists, and is the main focus of this   od genus turbo and to generate accurate distribution maps for each species based on museum coll
15159	3	estigating speciation is opportune. the case studies are marine fish with contrasting speciatio  rspecific secondary contact promoted by human activity since the middle ages, through studies o  ct promoted by human activity since the middle ages, through studies of archaeoichthyofauna. th
13758	2	ed, provide important insights into the evolutionary processes characterizing speciation in the  er some of the key questions that faces evolutionary biologist today: the relative importance o
2465	3	ormation obtained. various post-zygotic isolating mechanisms will be investigated, including ch   extent the frequently used pre-zygotic clamp connection formation criterion reflects reproduct  . we seek funding for one 100% post doc research position.
15222	2	ges posed by the changes in climate and land use. the group of species analysed will be the ver  s in the iberian peninsula in different climate change and land-use change scenarios, reasonabl
13574	1	most studies of grassland plant diversity have focused on the spatial properties
9914	1	this proposal is submitted as a pilot project for a proof of concept recommended by the
6957	2	d male features will be examined during field studies and experimental laboratory work, where c  d during field studies and experimental laboratory work, where changes in song character values
11765	11	climate change has the potential to cause massive disru   species, communities and ecosystems to climate change are among the greatest challenges facing  es at species cool range margins, where climate warming is likely to allow increases in abundan  tion. i will investigate the effects of climate change on communities of dung beetles, a guild   cts of climate change on communities of dung beetles, a guild which plays a crucial role in nut  ies distributions, species richness and functional group composition as a result of recent clim  group composition as a result of recent climate change, using data from four well-documented du  e, using data from four well-documented dung beetle communities on a north-south transect acros  ect across europe. the contributions of dung beetle abundance, species richness and different i   experimentally. this project will be a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of climate ch  e opportunity to evaluate the effect of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems as a function
10808	1	ly complex ecological networks, such as food webs. usually studies are focussed on either speci
14516	1	has been discovered the existence of a wide range of parasitic species infecting ostriches and
15456	3	ure responds to a complex and long-term evolutionary process resulting in the differentiation,   ion, regulation and transmission of the genetic material, whose access is regulated by the chro  hich the ip participated as part of the research team.
14337	1	fruit flies .
11380	7	he mechanistic consequences of seasonal time constraints is important because it will provide t  tion on which to build seasonality into life history theory and subsequently influence applied   ence applied research on the effects of climate change. combining life history theory with the   he effects of climate change. combining life history theory with the physiology of growth and d   i will investigate the consequences of time constraints. i have focused on immune function and  echanisms of the growth/differentiation trade-off using lestes sponsa, a field-based model syst  l system. experimental manipulations of time constraints on this model in the laboratory will b
2503	1	and particular regulations may lead to long term adaptive changes in lobsters.
11181	1	to investigate experimentally how male house mice vary copulatory stimulation in relation to i
13351	4	ims to enhance the connectivity between biodiversity research and policy making. although conse  ivity between biodiversity research and policy making. although conservation and the sustainabl  . the project proposes state of the art interdisciplinary research on science-policy interfaces  hat are currently emerging to interface biodiversity research and sustainability policy. the pr
12567	2	gling practices and the conservation of freshwater fish populations, including rare and endange  er fish populations, including rare and endangered species. the study will also support the imp
6721	3	of rock grassland communities following pine forest burning will be monitored for ten years. th  at freshly burnt sites will be used for short term effects detection, while for long term effec  short term effects detection, while for long term effect evaluation space for time substitution
6914	4	the basic questions of the first part are the following: le  ood preference in case of a three-level food chain, when do evolutionarily-ecologically stable   libria of paleontology and evolutionary game theory. the second part of the project is aimed at  ond part of the project is aimed at the set-up of such a complex game-theoretical model concern
15266	4	d effect of current aridity with future climate change is expected to particularly threaten for  ge is expected to particularly threaten forest ecosystems and rainfed crops in this area. in th  understand long-term plant responses to climate changes in the mediterranean is to characterize  vated plants and forest trees. although global climate trends during the holocene are well desc
15265	4	d effect of current aridity with future climate change is expected to particularly threaten for  ge is expected to particularly threaten forest ecosystems in this area. in this context, studyi  understand long-term plant responses to climate changes in the mediterranean is to characterize   their effect on forest trees. although global climate trends during the holocene are well desc
12349	1	w industry and therefore have a limited track record of understanding actual environmental effe
11104	1	ulate changes diverged and how long ago flowering plants first appeared on this planet.
2458	8	advances in molecular biology have revealed that most phenotypes ar  rongly focused on statistically defined additive effects, and treat gene interactions as featur  lly defined additive effects, and treat gene interactions as featureless and non-consequential    however, made it clear that systematic gene interactions can have profound effects on evolutio  g composite effects over many genes and gene interactions rather than the effects and positions  to utilize artificial-selection data. a time series of selection responses contains a lot of in  es about genetic architecture from such time series. the methods developed in this project will  oped in this project will be useful for evolutionary geneticists and agricultural scientists, a
11778	9	ion the challenge facing regulators and policy makers lies in understanding the links between p   little we know about the links between environmental policy measures and their actual impact i  w about the links between environmental policy measures and their actual impact in the environm  e impact of environmental measures thus risk assessment becomes a key driver of regulation, wit  e environment over time. scientific and public debates on these issues need to be informed by p  nd uncertainty. many factors, including climate change, interact to produce a complex environme  sentangle. the proposal brings together environmental regulators, managers, civil servants and   her environmental regulators, managers, civil servants and scientists to develop the skills nec  ceives the best possible management for future generations.
11210	4	cal methodology followed by a series of case studies covering more advanced material and the op   apply the techniques introduced in the master classes. the statistical modules in the course w  ically include examples and a number of case studies who are statistically numerate but not exp  ssion of their potential application to environmental problems.
14576	2	the potential of invasion related with land uses, wild fires and considering climate change sc  h land uses, wild fires and considering climate change scenarios will be estimated and modelled
7317	8	ntial drivers of such change, including climate change, habitat loss and fragmentation, agriche  ding effects on wild plant populations, crop production and human nutrition. step will review e   plant populations, crop production and human nutrition. step will review existing and potentia  n support tools. we will also establish communication links to a wide range of stakeholders acr  also establish communication links to a wide range of stakeholders across europe and beyond, in  ers across europe and beyond, including policy makers, beekeepers, farmers, academics and the g   beekeepers, farmers, academics and the general public. taken together, our research programme   the general public. taken together, our research programme will make great steps towards improv
13352	8	ntial drivers of such change, including climate change, habitat loss and fragmentation, agriche  ding effects on wild plant populations, crop production and human nutrition. step will review e   plant populations, crop production and human nutrition. step will review existing and potentia  n support tools. we will also establish communication links to a wide range of stakeholders acr  also establish communication links to a wide range of stakeholders across europe and beyond, in  ers across europe and beyond, including policy makers, beekeepers, farmers, academics and the g   beekeepers, farmers, academics and the general public. taken together, our research programme   the general public. taken together, our research programme will make great steps towards improv
15070	5	at variations in the levels of maternal steroid hormones in avian eggs have important consequen  d the consequences of this variation in long term fitness effects. our study aims at filing in   aims at filing in this gap, taking as a working hypothesis the concept of a life-history phenot  tivity and in the wild in two different bird species, aiming at measuring the long-term effects  of variation in egg steroid levels in a wide range of morphological, behavioural and life-histo
2127	2	ographic structure. by studying neutral genetic markers at both the regional- in wild populatio  ffspring from experimental crosses. the joint effort to compare many stickleback populations al
7244	3	is to study the role of the quality of organic matter, microbial diversity and predation on mi   role of the quality of organic matter, microbial diversity and predation on microorganisms on   ion on microorganisms on the storage of organic matter in soils, and in situ experiments. three
12357	5	ent protection act 1985 , nine offshore wind farm in the uk have been subject to monitoring rep  indings against information on offshore wind farms from international sources. the output will   rall picture of the effects of offshore wind farms in preparation for further development. the   ospar current state of knowledge on the environmental impacts of the location, operation and re  ration and removal/disposal of offshore wind farms.
15368	3	germplasm banks are fundamental tools for animal popula   threatened species/breeds/populations. brown bear is an emblematic species in the cantabric mo  ocols in any species for establishing a germplasm bank improved by sperm biotechnology
11090	6	diatoms are key organisms in coastal food webs and in the intertidal region, also play a key  d in the intertidal region, also play a key role in stabilising sediments. frequently, diatoms   ential to cause damage and, ultimately, cell death if it is not dissipated by mechanisms other   e energy include changes to their light harvesting systems so energy is lost as heat. however,   o accumulate in cells, these ros damage cell membranes, proteins and dna and eventually lead to  proteins and dna and eventually lead to cell death. all photosynthetic organisms possess antiox
12250	10	ect is to: define strategies to exploit risk assessment, genetic resistance and natural defence  f resources – energy, water and disease resistance genes – that have wide implications from the  carbon capture by green tissues creates dry matter from photosynthesis with an energy value as   approximately half of the rainfall onto arable land is transpired by crop canopies before it ca  ed by crop canopies before it can reach ground water or water courses. foliar diseases have lon  ies before it can reach ground water or water courses. foliar diseases have long been known to   ency; work in the 1930s showed that oat crown rust infection increased the water used per gram   creased the water used per gram of crop dry matter produced from 270 grams to 530 grams. until   ndings and advocate sustainable disease risk management strategies which avoid waste of resourc  ssions and reducing loss of efficacy of resistance genes.
10803	3	yanobacteria and model the influence of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria produ  l question relates to understanding the environmental factors leading to cyanotoxin production   ddressed within the proposal. the human health risk from direct and indirect exposure to the to
11241	3	yanobacteria and model the influence of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria produ  l question relates to understanding the environmental factors leading to cyanotoxin production   ddressed within the proposal. the human health risk from direct and indirect exposure to the to
11768	3	yanobacteria and model the influence of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria produ  l question relates to understanding the environmental factors leading to cyanotoxin production   ddressed within the proposal. the human health risk from direct and indirect exposure to the to
11851	3	yanobacteria and model the influence of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria produ  l question relates to understanding the environmental factors leading to cyanotoxin production   ddressed within the proposal. the human health risk from direct and indirect exposure to the to
11783	3	yanobacteria and model the influence of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria produ  l question relates to understanding the environmental factors leading to cyanotoxin production   ddressed within the proposal. the human health risk from direct and indirect exposure to the to
11550	7	climate change is now recognised as one of the major gl  ng altering ecosystem process rates and food web structure. unfortunately, few empirical data e  ortunately, few empirical data exist on climate change effects on freshwater communities and fe  ve ambient conditions by geothermal and human activity, respectively. the student will therefor   therefore be able to characterise both food web architecture through the food web, as these ar   both food web architecture through the food web, as these are likely to be disrupted in therma  ill also carry out additional field and laboratory experiments under controlled conditions, inc
15253	5	invasive introduced species are a huge environmental issue, particularly in freshwater ecosyst  nvasibility of freshwater ecosystems by exotic species. we aim to quantify how much of the inva  hydrological alteration and how much to chemical pollution with strong ecological impact: we wi   ecological impact: we will analyse its life cycle and population structure along the river zon  . although this species is probably the freshwater fish most widespread worldwide, studies alon
7023	11	decades. human impacts on biodiversity take place against a background of highly complex ecolo  s ecosystems provide to humans, such as food production, the maintenance of water quality and s  orage, the mitigation of the effects of greenhouse gas emissions and the resistance to climate   mitigation of the effects of greenhouse gas emissions and the resistance to climate and other e   how ecological, evolutionary and socio-economic factors interact to determine biodiversity and  aims at elucidating the significance of microbial diversity on ecosystem functioning by explici  istry. despite considerable advances in biodiversity research during the past decade, which pri  lt with plants and animals, there is an urgent need to further develop the functional role of m  k involving cutting-edge expertise from molecular biology, environmental microbiology, genomics  ose experimental knowledge to the field research initiatives and will therefore achieve the cri  tiatives and will therefore achieve the critical mass to further develop and strengthen innovat
11478	6	e the effects of both host and parasite genetic diversity on parasite virulence, transmission a  ct, their colonies have relatively high genetic diversity. this makes the identification of gen  e biology, requiring mating between two opposite sex strains to reproduce. whereas within-host    to examine how honeybee and chalkbrood genetic diversity determines the outcome of infections.  tion to establish how host and parasite genetic diversity impacts the evolution of the chalkbro  ntly advancing our understanding of the evolutionary biology of host-parasite interactions in g
10897	12	different ecosystems but are below the poverty line and are characterised as having a low leve  trade and investment in the region. the scientific evidence base is sufficiently broad and stro  ssures and the availability of credible scientific evidence like millennium ecosystem assessmen  india on watershed management, national action plan on climate change and desertification, asse  hed management, national action plan on climate change and desertification, assessment of waste  ment of wasteland, new forest policies, task force on tiger and biosphere reserve programme cle  ch the aspects of ecosystem can be made integral part of mainstream planning and policies need    focussed approach. the capacity of the decision makers to analyse the way choices made by soci  rket does not account the benefits, the decision making tool chooses to ignore the benefits of   on of regulating services, and decision support systems. component 2 will build capacity within  n through engaging key stakeholders and decision makers at province level to disseminate the fi  city and awareness amongst the regional research community and developing networks for future c
11847	7	plemented in sa. the prepared five-year research programme will be used by the local government   research programme will be used by the local governments, water and environment mangers, vario  g datasets will be used in the on-going research projects through the research network among fo  ed project. a detailed report including scientific methods and policy recommendations based on   mendations based on the findings at the case study sites is intended to reach a wide audience a  case study sites is intended to reach a wide audience and have a beneficial effect on poverty a  m services in both china and sa through press release, follow up media work and symposia.
13846	3	artificial rearing of fish destined for deliberate release into the natural environment as juve  arify the effect of sea-ranching on the frequency distribution of different coping styles in br  tribution of different coping styles in brown trout.
14611	1	in this research project we want study three different aspects
15144	10	t mammalian model for investigations on sex chromosome evolution and structural and functional   e in these species. the function of the constitutive heterochromatin and the included sequences  l analysis. concerning the evolution of sex chromosomes in these species, we will analyze seque   the euchromatic regions from the x and y chromosomes. from this study new data will be obtaine  ynaptic/asynaptic and giant/normal-size sex chromosomes, and also about the phylogeny of the ar  iple copies of sry gene existing on the y chromosome of some species. among them m. cabrerae re   along the heterochromatic block of the x chromosome in association with retroelements. within   etroelements. within these species, the flanking regions of sry gene are only known in m. cabre  l reveal the implications of the mobile genetic elements in the sry amplification on the y chro  lements in the sry amplification on the y chromosome and their possible role in the regulation
15059	12	h the other commelinoid monocots have a cell wall, called type ii, whose architecture abruptly   giosperms. nowadays, much about type ii cell wall structural flexibility and its role in allowi  ells showing remarkable modification on cell wall composition and structure. the main objective  aracterize changes occurring in type ii cell wall architecture. with this aim maize-suspension-  tecture. with this aim maize-suspension-cultured cells would be habituated to grow in the prese  d long-time habituation will be paid. a wide range of microscopy, spectrometric, chromatographi  ographic, immunoanalytic, enzymatic and molecular genetics techniques will be used. modificatio  project will be the characterization of cell wall composition and structure, paying attention t  nd qualitative changes in the different cell wall components, and modifications in binding capa  nding capacity among them. differential gene expression associated to habituation, and enzymati  nally, the putative contribution of non cell wall based mechanisms on cell habituation will be   dative stress and changes in programmed cell death induction. results obtained will allow us to
7121	1	riving modes. structuring mechanisms of plant communities in response to abiotic gradients and
2488	4	tes, like all other forms of life, have evolutionary histories. elucidating these histories usi   knowledge concerning the mechanisms of infectious disease pathogenesis and how diseases might   acement and loss mediated by horizontal gene transfer sequence identity in house-keeping genes   ntrast, we have now identified two rare genetic changes in a component of cytochrome cbb3 oxida
10767	1	study will yield new insights into the time scales, eruption rates, lava volumes and interacti
14207	1	sts and weeds, and thus greatly improve food production. however, intensive use of common pesti
9956	8	a non-fibrillar layer on the surface of pit membranes. 2. what is the size variation of pores i   what is the size variation of pores in pit membranes, and how can we understand this in terms   of water transport the size of pores in pit membranes as based on microscopy will be compared t  ments of the pressure required to force air bubbles through pit membranes will allow us to stud  e required to force air bubbles through pit membranes will allow us to study possible relations   cavitation while the membrane is under mechanical stress due to stretching and deflection. 3.    link the distribution and structure of pit membranes with the complex network of water conduct   hydraulic connections in wood based on x-ray computed microtomography, which is a non-invasive
14610	4	recent studies have applied food web methodology to the study of plant-pollinator i  ctured. these studies have also shown a high degree of asymmetry between interaction partners.   end to correct this bias by identifying pollen grains from the bodies of the pollinators, which  w us to cover a longer segment of their life spans compared to direct of observation of plant-p
15054	1	treams receiving inputs from wastewater treatment plants to quantify the uncertainty of measure
10318	5	evolutionary biologists have always employed a large di  ge diversity of approaches for studying natural selection and the complex suite of species adap   out the fundamental mechanisms driving evolutionary processes and understand specific adaptati  lations in the laboratory or controlled field conditions. ultimately of course, we must aim to   ed to become more common in the face of climate change. if my research shows that such variatio
15124	6	and generalization are key concepts in evolutionary biology that has been object of intense de  ective agents and by the absence of any trade-off in the selective pressures exerted by pollina   by the absence of any trade-off in the selective pressures exerted by pollinators. however, co  om, but related with some intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as its microenvironment, its sp  cology to understand the ecological and genetic factors driving generalization differences amon  s. finally, we will test our hypothesis setting up an experimental population and controlling f
7372	2	characterize the genetic diversity of the core european rapeseed collect  pean rapeseed collection to improve the energy balance of culture: using agronomic data related
15317	3	sed. in this area, during the xixth and first half of the xxth centuries, a high number of spec   the biodiversity of this area. it is a starting point in order to carry out ecological, biogeo  udy area, mainly in tropical areas, the field works in unexplored areas will continue. this new
14707	1	based mainly on molecular data, using a wide range of markers, including its regions of nrdna,
13357	2	s for conservation by freezing at ultra low temperatures conservation of some cultivated plants  ficulties to preserve in seed and field gene banks as vegetative conservation. the cryopreserva
12628	2	this research proposal has two components: 1. to develop a c  paction on agricultural land the use of heavy machinery or trampling by livestock can cause com
12635	9	oils and soil resilience in relation to climate change. the relationships between soil pollutan  sing carbon storage in soil to mitigate climate change. objective b: to determine the relations  an initial assessment of the impacts of climate change on soils in the urban environment, addre   carried out by internationally-leading soil scientists from cranfield university, the cross-in  s , adas consulting ltd and the british geological survey. the approach to all six sub-projects   and update each of the teams` existing knowledge bases. the key questions and issues raised wi  riefs will be explored, and reviews and discussion papers drafted accordingly. the teams will b  tion within and between teams. a review/discussion paper will be produced for each sub-project,  ced for each sub-project, and a concise executive summary will be compiled to put the informati
14678	5	is to evaluate the capability of small marine reserves , like those present in the nw mediterr  isplacement patterns, the highly mobile spiny lobster palinurus elephas and the more sedentary   natus. fixed and mobile arrays of radio-tracking devices will be used to gather insight about m  ggers will be used to capture-recapture spiny lobsters which will provide information on daily   provide information on daily movements, home range, foraging range and depth movements on a sho
7512	3	the production of seed oysters hollow hatchery spat collectage alternativ  jective of this project is to study the genetic drift process. for this purpose, experiments wi  controlled crosses mixed. secondly, the genetic diversity of broodstock for hatchery french wil
7537	4	lected populations of domestic pigs and wild boar populations, identify distinctive genetic mar   boar populations, identify distinctive genetic markers pork and wild boar, to estimate the gen  fy distinctive genetic markers pork and wild boar, to estimate the gene flow between domestic p  ers pork and wild boar, to estimate the gene flow between domestic populations, livestock and w
7541	2	of this project is to identify genes in oil palm and compare their expression rt- pcr in zygoti  - pcr in zygotic and somatic embryos of oil palm.
7582	1	in certain breeds seem only subject to genetic drift, while other breeds can be identified tra
7628	9	g them to meet many stresses, including water pollution. our team has recently shown that the d  structures. future years. the impact of human activities on the natural water cycle could have   pact of human activities on the natural water cycle could have irremediable consequences. surve  nce and monitoring of water quality are hot topics. monitoring of aquatic environments currentl  tion of various pollutants, targeting a broad spectrum of molecules. team environment and micro  tures heavily involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance at the root of many health proble  tibiotic resistance at the root of many health problems. . integrons and are now considered imp  ems. . integrons and are now considered important elements in the adaptation of bacterial commu  g them to meet many stresses, including water pollution. . moreover our team has recently shown
7253	5	anisms at the origin of biodiversity in urban areas has been neglected. it requires an interdis  -geographical factors influencing urban gene flow. these issues will be discussed from simulati  tive of this project is to identify the environmental factors and Social geography that influen  the questions are: 1- highly fragmented urban landscapes she allows what-2 gene flow are the pr  nted urban landscapes she allows what-2 gene flow are the predominant factors.
7505	1	ally by quantifying the amounts of wild sea bream in comparison to those from farmed. again, we
14803	5	phylogenetic, forensic, and population genetic studies, being many of them implicated in genet  udies, being many of them implicated in genetic disorders transmitted by maternal line. heterop  rted so far referred essentially to non-coding region-. this kind of studies are particularly i  tudies, and that may represent signs of selective pressure. furthermore, the study of the heter  ws to observe the previous level of the evolutionary process, in which there are high probabili
14626	7	s of physical damage to structures. the economic cost of that damage is unknown in spain but pr  s, but during the last years a new bait control systems is increasing. as a consequence of the    be banned in a nearby future. the bait control systems represent a new way for termite control  limination is possible. the aim of this research project is to develop new protocol methods for  velop new protocol methods for the bait control system. we will search for new substances class  for new substances classified as insect growth regulators . - we will test the possible synergi  ability will be also tested - after the laboratory studies we will test the new method in field
7241	1	scape in france is an important part of greenhouse gas effects. it is now necessary to quantify
15210	3	sts, enzyme co-factors, and stabilizing protein structures. however, most of the metals become   mental samples. in a previous work, our research team identified novel genes and operons involv  ture independent tecniques, to retrieve genetic information from non-cultured microorganisms, a
7404	1	analyzed between 3 species known to be time difference and differential behavior vis-a-vis the
15095	2	eses of coevolution between the diverse ethnic groups of the mediterranean and the plant specie  ups certain indications are detected as health benefits / damages derived of the consumption of
12501	12	bility of reform of the law relating to common land and town/village greens. this is partly bec  he law relating to common land and town/village greens. this is partly because it has long been   has long been recognised that town and village greens represent important open spaces for loca  such spaces both now and in the past. a first step was made by the countryside and rights of wa  side and rights of way act 2000 but the research team recognise the importance of the commons a   the legislative landscape for town and village greens and adjusting and clarifying the applica  greens and adjusting and clarifying the application process. as a result this new landscape req  elopment of green space and attempts by local residents and communities to register areas as to  mmunities to register areas as town and village greens. such a fractured relationship was respo  s which have been registered as town or village greens since january 2004 as well as a sample o  were earmarked for development in local development plans or subject to planning applications.   n local development plans or subject to planning applications. the full diversity of sites, bot
14530	7	. the population size for sierra nevada national park will allow us to design a multimedia web   rk will allow us to design a multimedia web page. this web will be updated on-line and it is pr  ated on-line and it is proposed to give public access to ours scholarships to observe the daily  ated the knowledge transfer from us the national park service and the scholarship or some other  knowledge transfer from us the national park service and the scholarship or some other interest  some other interested media with a free internet access. this easy access will facilitate the e  ucation of our scholarships towards the environmental risk.
14671	1	contribute to a entomosarcosaprophagous data base to be applied in actual forensic cases in the
15097	2	tests in situ and ex situ, at different sound pressure levels, and focussing particularly on th  nsiders the acoustical environment as a selective pressure for anurans.
15336	2	n among the fish populations inhabiting deep sea ecosystems and their dependence on the particu  roach attempts to determine the role of deep sea ecosystems as essential habitats trophic ecolo
15034	8	legionella infections are a significant public health problem in our country. most of the spora  lla infections are a significant public health problem in our country. most of the sporadic inf  the epidemic outbreaks are related with drinking water subjected to some disinfecting process.   to multiply in some points of the water distribution system becoming an environmental risk. alt  e water distribution system becoming an environmental risk. although there might be several cau  n and proliferation of this pathogen in drinking waters is necessary to know the disinfecting s  rk is to study the effectiveness of the tap water disinfecting methods on legionella, either wh  rotozoa strains isolated from the water distribution system in front the most common disinfecta
14917	3	ate the impact of drought stress in the life cycle of the desert truffle terfezia claveryi, a m  ding aquaporins from the fungus and the host plant helianthemum almeriense under water deficit   ant to know if exists any change in the life cycle of this fungus, at mycelial and mycorrhizal
7504	2	n various environments, with or without gene flow, in order to develop an effective method of m  bpopulation is renewed annually without gene flow with other subpopulations while for the other
7521	1	he degree of introgression of quails by japanese quail
6932	1	hat helps to clarify that the developed food processing in the mouth, as in mammals, was more f
15076	6	tive mutualistic relationship between a dung beetle and two quercus species in the iberian peni   activity during winter, an increase of body fat accumulated reserves, higher antifreeze compou   the proposed objectives seek to answer basic questions in order to achieve a better understand  ications in biotechnology. first, acorn chemical compounds attracting t. lusitanicus will be an  n a study of the microbial fauna in the digestive tract will be undertaken. to prove that a ric  s role as a seed disperser, a field and laboratory study on the population density of this spec
14584	1	sensitive to the alterations caused by human activities. we intend to perform a thorough study
15149	1	o predict the degree of preservation of nucleic acids as a function of their environment. this
15377	2	k of zoologists, botanitst, geologists, molecular biologists and experts on data analysis assur  ts, molecular biologists and experts on data analysis assure the success of this project. its i
14806	4	esis, the adoption of the new neolithic production methods allowed a large demographic increase  ar east. this favoured the migration of human populations towards western europe, where the inm   to obtain mtdna sequences from ancient human remains excavated from sites in turkey, greece, i  thic sequences already obtained by this research group .
15052	1	, we want to asses the influence of the environmental factors, on one hand, and the phylogeneti
14756	1	etermine the conservation status of the sea turtle nesting populations in the jaragua national
14908	3	sed. in this area, during the xixth and first half of the xxth centuries, a high number of spec   the biodiversity of this area. it is a starting point in order to carry out ecological, biogeo  udy area, mainly in tropical areas, the field works in unexplored areas will be carried out. th
12505	1	er of greens based on a semi-randomised representative sample could be subject to a similar ana
14998	1	reproductive mode in these insects. the environmental factor determining it is the length of th
13486	1	he second considers biodiversity as the independent variable driving productivity patterns. des
6936	3	on of a developmentally important gene, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene. finally we wi  elopmentally important gene, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene. finally we will set up a  tally important gene, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene. finally we will set up a new mo
197	2	nd as a result, thin layers may play an important role in the marine ecosystems. subsurface max  ayers may play an important role in the marine ecosystems. subsurface maxima are often dominate
15031	5	he use of these species has extended to air quality monitoring networks in dozens of countries   are capable of developing tolerance, by genetic recombination throughout generations or by muta  rties of enzymes in the membrane and/or cell wall, which may block or reduce the accumulation o  ylation of the galaturonic acids in the cell wall and/or in the cation exchange capacity, and t   existence of any different patterns in protein expression in relation to adaptation mechanisms
7431	6	responsible for the program the marine natural park of the three estuaries ' étaploises mariti  ratory" adaptation and diversity in the marine environment"for his expertise on algae and ifrem  uses on systems ' benthic macrofauna, ' kelp forest ' planktonic and nektonic upon which birds   tonic and nektonic upon which birds and marine mammals. more specifically, it focuses on four m  th -calais region not in the context of climate change. this project will establish rapid diagn  howing the evolution of exploitable and invasive species, information that will be taken over b
6964	8	ect aims to help preparing professional position papers for domestic and mid-hungarian bioenerg  elopments, with integrated professional background information, making these organisations to n  nternational networking capacities. the information exchange market segment related to bioenerg   networking capacities. the information exchange market segment related to bioenergetic project  ng capacities. the information exchange market segment related to bioenergetic projects is not   ituation. to reach these goals, special business services should be developed: competence centr  uld be developed: competence centre and technology transfer services, free professional databas  ase, use of experts network, well under market prices. beyond these programm elements, the obje
12390	2	ers for the ospar quality status report annual report card, which would supplement the charting   the ospar quality status report annual report card, which would supplement the charting progre
14368	6	ging significantly in the last decades. population dynamics, climate change and market forces h   the last decades. population dynamics, climate change and market forces have led to overexploi  population dynamics, climate change and market forces have led to overexploitation and degradat  ed demand from ecosystem managers, both government agencies and environmental ngos, for updated  ated vegetation indicators derived from satellite images allow to monitor the vegetation status  organizations which have not been using satellite data before. several of them showed great int
14151	2	ion of pikeperch by means of artificial spawning grounds: selecting the optimal type of artific  electing the optimal type of artificial spawning grounds, mapping of spawning areas
12546	4	aim of this project is to better inform risk assessment and risk management approaches for the   is to better inform risk assessment and risk management approaches for the specific emerging pe  ibed above and to develop or strengthen risk management methods for soil phases of invertebrate  above and to develop or strengthen risk management methods for soil phases of invertebrate pest
6794	2	stubble-fields, summer annual crops and first year fallow fields. while spring aspects will be   uation of the relevés – with the end of field works – will be made with methods of classical ph
2147	2	ean forage areas by the combined use of pop-up archival satellite tags and conventional dst arc   abiotic parameters associated with the marine environment to better understand and explain flu
10271	1	al role of parasites in regulating host population dynamics were developed thirty years ago .
10936	1	ticum, a successful invader of european shore lines. a manipulative experiment will generate co
10010	8	importance as we attempt to manage the adverse effects of anthropogenic environmental change.    such changes are strongly dependent on social structure, particularly as it determines the way  cial context for the development of the next step. step 2. developing an individual-based model  he influence of environmental change on group dynamics and individual foraging performance. the  previous step, and further tested using experimental data gathered in the following step. step   ce configuration will be manipulated in natural food patches. these trials will be designed to   ed with sufficient flexibility to allow key elements of the food patch configuration and social  nts of the food patch configuration and social structure to be altered to reflect gradients obs
14501	1	overgrazing conditions in areas of high environmental risk
7713	3	daume project analyzes the new forms of governance and management of peri-urban te  k of researchers, the project will be a training ground for research in master 's and doctoral   oral students. the expected results are scientific publications and events, a work of synthesis
13470	8	the availability of genomic data for an increasing number of organisms offe   how current populations might adapt to global climate change. in the present project we will b  rrent populations might adapt to global climate change. in the present project we will build up  upon our recent work on the genomics of norway spruce, one of the main boreal forest tree speci  omics of norway spruce, one of the main boreal forest tree species. genomic data will be genera  of the main boreal forest tree species. genomic data will be generated and used to identify gen  nes associated to adaptive variation in norway spruce, with special attention to phenology, a c  e response of forest tree ecosystems to climate changes as well as in breeding programs.
11412	1	ld, suggesting that the pollination and food services provided by pollinators might be under th
11495	1	ld, suggesting that the pollination and food services provided by pollinators might be under th
14462	1	the main objective of the current project proposal is to support the sustainable developm
2045	4	rationalize the results of the previous research projects of the nwo prioriteit programme susta  tion. our expertise is in the fields of marine ecology and international law; we expect to coll   is in the fields of marine ecology and international law; we expect to collaborate with anothe  odels will be discussed in national and international meetings with experts, including fisherme
7555	5	bt toxins produced by transgenic corn: corn borer and stem borer. for this we propose to study  s we propose to study the effect of the host plant diversity and the interaction between these   propose to study the effect of the host plant diversity and the interaction between these two s  ation structure will be reviewed in six host plants grown using allozyme markers. the relative   ll be studied in the analysis of stable carbon isotope and cuticular hydrocarbons potentially.
12766	1	ere in europe and the us. •consider the different approaches used to deal with these issues acr
14474	2	els will also predict damage caused for big game species in farms from alicante mountain region  big game species in farms from alicante mountain regions. these key aspects will be used to opt
7206	2	and expected results of the changes in land use patterns, determining factor of species extinc  on, transformation and fragmentation of natural habitats.
12164	4	nements to existing uk agri-environment soil conditions. prior to liming the soil ph was in the  pply, in particular, is known to have a negative effect on grassland plant diversity. therefore   to have a negative effect on grassland plant diversity. therefore any effects of the changes t  nts are in fact sustainable in terms of plant diversity maintenance. the soil microbial communi
11688	5	n and uk scientists, accreditation by a third party charity and the commitment and organisation  ojects and policy. it is essential that developing countries have the capacity to identify thre  on financing, such as those coming from climate change negotiations. unfortunately there is oft  between kenyan and uk scientists with a track record of training for african colleagues. we wil  entrepreneurial training to help ensure follow-on funding and by working together on papers and
11617	2	l loop and microbial production play an important role in many aquatic ecosystems. further ther   fist time, the fuelling of terrestrial food webs by benthic microbial consortia via emerging a
10822	1	tability of the system is determined by plant diversity, which in turn is controlled by nitroge
10608	1	ly to our understanding of evolution in marine environments.
13793	1	proactive approach to future potential environmental problems by addressing synergistic effect
10943	1	unting and habitat fragmentation affect tropical forest wildlife, and may lead to a major ibama
10161	2	using a combination of theoretical and experimental studies. we will parameterise integral pro  emographic experiments, which allow the trade-off between growth and survival to be quantified.
11352	2	using a combination of theoretical and experimental studies. we will parameterise integral pro  emographic experiments, which allow the trade-off between growth and survival to be quantified.
12139	1	e the adaptation capacity of baltic sea invasive species prorocentrum minimum to adverse biotic
12732	4	proposals are invited for research projects to address knowledge gaps which have   riorities identified by uk biodiversity action plan working groups http://www.ukbap.org.uk/sign  entified by uk biodiversity action plan working groups http://www.ukbap.org.uk/signposting.aspx  nerships between nsss and universities, research institutes or other bodies with research capab
14727	1	nary mechanisms derived from horizontal gene transfer to decipher the possible causes of these
13850	3	the swedish biosteres species to human environmental impact. the studied species will be docum  s will be documented by high-resolution digital images archived in morphbank, an open web image   web image database for systematics and biodiversity research.
14725	7	rom herbarium material of thesium yield good quality dna for pcr-amplification, we will elabora  ssary to help elucidate the fascinating evolutionary changes that have accompanied the morpholo  that have accompanied the morphological adaptive radiation in this group. being one of the 20 g  rmation obtained by other international research groups with other large genera of the region.   ccessful in this important biodiversity hot spot. the data obtained will be used to address new   will be used to address new aspects in plant ecology as the importance of evolution in the ass  ution in the assembley and structure of plant communities.
15429	3	of the trophic line that influences the biological control of aphids and psyllids that can beco   on their biodiversity. in the last two research projects of the national plan of i+d+i we have  ions so they can be used by the general scientific community.
7524	5	rhd is a scourge for the populations of wild rabbits and domestic rabbits farms. its impact is   firstly, to identify, by sequencing the coding regions, or mutations responsible for susceptibi  lines resistant to disease. secondly, a mathematical model, developed in the context of petri n  ure impact of rhd on the populations of wild rabbits and will be a tool for management of the s  into account the role of disease in the population dynamics
11862	2	ndustrial representation to address the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaboration. insect  tools to exploit beneficial insects and control pests. the conference is themed to promote the
14765	2	saline inland waters to develop a ecological quality index for  rtebrates. the results on taxonomic and genetic diversity will contribute to the conservation o
15036	3	cs suitable for use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases , based on the unique aspects of mt  ene as molecular marker. development of phylogenetic trees of the species of this genus. 3. a c  ary for molecular use in the therapy of autoimmune diseases.
15235	7	many problems still unsolved. from this starting point, the goal of the proposed project is thr  iew every species found in the proposed field trips, increasing the existing genetic databases   ng new inventory material. however, the genetic studies involve the widening of our usual resea  udies involve the widening of our usual research field towards more modern points of view in sy  ch centres, but we consider that in the medium term the buying of this material will result in   t saving of funds and facilitate future research jobs in the field of polychaete phylogeny, be   ry high biodiversity; a second one will take place in new zealand because of its biogeographica
6884	2	finition of the characteristics of some genus-group taxa is not exact entirely. the grouping of  nown species increased almost two and a half times since the publishing of the last such work.
11623	4	lls and knowledge that are very scarce. reference texts and keys spread wide in time and spread  summer zooplankton courses and analysis work experience efforts at aberdeen university. these r  te into a user friendly manual, held in standard formats and web database form for easy updatin  eldwork needs of working scientists and technical staffs and for training of new staff.
6783	2	no specimen of the overwhelming majority of the supposedly extant but unkn  would make later re-examinations of the type specimens unnecessary. in the course of the projec
14921	2	uently dominate the moss communities of tree trunks. besides their intrinsic value, these commu  teresting source of information for the environmental studies and bioindication. however, the t
14489	2	sed. in this area, during the xixth and first half of the xxth centuries, a high number of spec  udy area, mainly in tropical areas, the field works in unexplored areas will be carried out. th
6888	2	llowings: a.maintenance of our 30 years old world oribatida database. b.compilation of new chec  ribatida database. b.compilation of new check-list and catalogues first of all for madagascar,
6848	2	no specimen of the overwhelming majority of the supposedly extant species   would make later re-examinations of the type specimens unnecessary. specimens from our own coll
14571	2	ribution of each taxa, and to carry out distribution maps in the studied area. 5. to publish al   area. 5. to publish all the results in scientific journals, and to include a general key of ea
14861	2	of them as a result of the majority of type specimens deposited in museum collections being lo  drial and nuclear genes and calibrate a molecular clock. 5.- carry out a taxonomic revision of
14742	1	scarce. in this work, we will study the chromosome numbers of the ophrys species of the iberian
14890	5	small peracaridean crustaceans with an important role in marine ecosystems . in spite of their  n crustaceans with an important role in marine ecosystems . in spite of their importance, world  ys, the difficulties of disections, the high degree of intraspecific variation and the morpholo  of these crustaceans as bioindicator in environmental studies for monitoring marine ecosystems.  in environmental studies for monitoring marine ecosystems.
14637	3	edge about the bacterial diversity from marine environments using a combination of traditional   s, and preservation at the spanish type culture collection of bacterial strains originating fro  rea which has been often sampled by our research group. from the taxonomic/systematic point of
15102	2	the potential vegetation of ravines and salt marshes of semiarid territories, a kind of plant c  shes of semiarid territories, a kind of plant communities which are increasingly threatened by
14574	1	neotropical. some of them are useful in weed control, meanwhile others are pests but most of th
2090	3	traditional taxonomy based on detailed morphological analyses with molecular methods to invest   of the older work. recently the use of numerical analysis of shape, size and distribution of s  morphological hypotheses. basically the general knowledge about deep-sea calcareous sponges is
14796	2	stological technics, image analysis and electron microscope. with this project, we attempt to c  tributions to international first level scientific journals. results will hopefully resolve the
14644	1	d, provided by several museums. for the molecular analysis, a cruise for collecting individuals
1102	1	set of technologies offered to the agri-food system in the frame of specific scientific activit
10466	9	f these discoveries is felt well beyond evolutionary biology because teeth are a core model for  vertebrates has not been the subject of critical analysis. how feeding in later, toothed repres  ect, because there are no comprehensive evolutionary trees that test whether toothless forms ap  through an innovative multidisciplinary research programme combining the unique and complementa  xpertise of the four investigators with cutting edge, hi-tech methods. existing hypotheses of j  e four investigators with cutting edge, hi-tech methods. existing hypotheses of jaw and tooth f   we will use sophisticated and powerful computer models to determine how jaws and teeth were en   use high-resolution data from advanced synchrotron radiation x-ray tomographic microscopy. a k  ata from advanced synchrotron radiation x-ray tomographic microscopy. a kind of super-cat-scann
10906	9	f these discoveries is felt well beyond evolutionary biology because teeth are a core model for  vertebrates has not been the subject of critical analysis. how feeding in later, toothed repres  ect, because there are no comprehensive evolutionary trees that test whether toothless forms ap  through an innovative multidisciplinary research programme combining the unique and complementa  xpertise of the four investigators with cutting edge, hi-tech methods. existing hypotheses of j  e four investigators with cutting edge, hi-tech methods. existing hypotheses of jaw and tooth f   we will use sophisticated and powerful computer models to determine how jaws and teeth were en   use high-resolution data from advanced synchrotron radiation x-ray tomographic microscopy. a k  ata from advanced synchrotron radiation x-ray tomographic microscopy. a kind of super-cat-scann
11418	9	f these discoveries is felt well beyond evolutionary biology because teeth are a core model for  vertebrates has not been the subject of critical analysis. how feeding in later, toothed repres  ect, because there are no comprehensive evolutionary trees that test whether toothless forms ap  through an innovative multidisciplinary research programme combining the unique and complementa  xpertise of the four investigators with cutting edge, hi-tech methods. existing hypotheses of j  e four investigators with cutting edge, hi-tech methods. existing hypotheses of jaw and tooth f   we will use sophisticated and powerful computer models to determine how jaws and teeth were en   use high-resolution data from advanced synchrotron radiation x-ray tomographic microscopy. a k  ata from advanced synchrotron radiation x-ray tomographic microscopy. a kind of super-cat-scann
11148	5	o maximise the benefits they gain. such trade-offs are central to our understanding of the evol  of investing in one area, to understand trade-offs we also need to know the associated cost. un  of alternative investments, and mediate trade-offs between areas of investment, or across the l  m s inability to cope with the damaging waste products that would allow comparisons, not only b  ff. finally, we will test the idea that individual variation in telomere shortening rate can re
15472	6	life history theory attempts to explain the evolutionar  gth that will be studied in a long-term data base in both species by means of path analysis tec  m data base in both species by means of path analysis techniques. the second objective is an ex  ive is an exploration of the effects of early development in telomere length. to this end, we w  heritability of this trait, by means of animal models and cross fostering designs. to conclude,  ariation and shortening patterns in two bird species, framing them within an evolutionary persp
2165	1	and to quantify the uncertainty in the response curves of the indicators along the different p
15405	7	generated a proliferation of studies on climate change. we should be able to discern changes in  hanges in ecosystem processes caused by climate change from those caused by natural variability  of the national action on adaptation to climate change. the effects of climate change on ecosys  ation to climate change. the effects of climate change on ecosystems, including those of headwa   through its repercussion on the global carbon cycle, because warming can enhance decomposition  rify if the response of this process to temperature changes is of the same sign and magnitude i  systems in the context of the projected climate change scenarios.
15406	6	proliferate studies within the scope of climate change. we will be able to discern changes in e  hanges in ecosystem processes caused by climate change from those of natural variability if we    a national action on adaptation to the climate change is enough to understand that it is very   of temperature on earth. the effects of climate change on ecosystems, the headwater streams inc  tion, by its repercussion on the global carbon cycle, as warming can enhance decomposition rate  n stream ecosystems under the projected climate change scenarios.
10220	6	me, and the drivers of this change. for infectious disease , and may be very important in affec   and may be very important in affecting disease transmission- the disease has to pass between g  the parental generation, and increasing disease transmission to it. one of the problems in cond   infection, a mite that lives under the wing cases of ladybirds, and passes between partners du  ite also has a very simple epidemiology-sexual contact is by far the most common means of expos   insects may change in the uk following climate change.
11430	6	me, and the drivers of this change. for infectious disease , and may be very important in affec   and may be very important in affecting disease transmission- the disease has to pass between g  the parental generation, and increasing disease transmission to it. one of the problems in cond   infection, a mite that lives under the wing cases of ladybirds, and passes between partners du  ite also has a very simple epidemiology-sexual contact is by far the most common means of expos   insects may change in the uk following climate change.
9902	5	me, and the drivers of this change. for infectious disease , and may be very important in affec   and may be very important in affecting disease transmission- the disease has to pass between g  the parental generation, and increasing disease transmission to it. one of the problems in cond   infection, a mite that lives under the wing cases of ladybirds, and passes between partners du  ite also has a very simple epidemiology-sexual contact is by far the most common means of expos
11377	2	eteorite impacts and periods of extreme climate change, and biological developments then the ag  ogical developments then the age of the volcanic rock is the same as the fossil itself. the aim
15573	3	ow organisms to move among habitats and local populations, but their functionality has rarely b  ed for effective dispersal by assessing gene flow to a simple model, using metapopulation viabi  odel, using metapopulation viability as dependent variable.
7704	9	are the countries with agriculture and rural areas are subjected since 1990 to profound transf   the state, new agricultural actors and new forms of practice the activity. these transformatio  ng very difficult situations control of environmental problems. focus here to systems, actors,   eracting with other development models. scientific work interra project, coordinated by t0 task   entire territory pampean, societal and environmental issues weighing on 9 new forms of territo   and environmental issues weighing on 9 new forms of territorial integration of agricultural ac  on territorial and local development in rural areas, adaptation and innovation capacity of rura  , adaptation and innovation capacity of rural communities and farmers, discussion workshops wit  ne ruralities and advanced training for field workers in masters programs in france, argentina
6859	2	ungary. however, they may be present in significant number in the softer, washable formations.   f the expediently performed research in foreign countries, the tertiary and recent formations y
6766	1	i.e. on sepiids and teuthoids. thus an important element of this research is the collecting an
13353	5	tess will assist policy makers to integrate knowledge from the eu, natio  onal, regional and local level into the decision making process while also encouraging local pe   a transactional environmental decision support system will be designed, linking central policy  rch the needs and capacities of central policy makers and local actors, identify paths and traj  ach ones needs. a set of representative case studies from the whole eu . tess will be supplemen
14213	3	of estonian landscape since the end of ice age – are considered as the most endangered ecosyst  , which in turn, depends on climate and human activities around the bog. as a result of the stu  ctuations will be traced and related to human activities, which enables to forecast the influen
11777	1	terrestrial laser scanners , using the system in static mode, on a
10806	12	mining the ecological consequences of a wide range of interventions, which has resulted in an e  e pertinent information from these. the major problems are that most practitioners do not have   web of science or equivalent scientific search engines, it is often difficult to target the sea  dence-based medicine has revolutionised medical practice in that the collection, review, and di  tion of the evidence now underpins most medical practice. we suggest that conservation would be  ions. this proposal seeks to provide an open access database of the majority of the papers rela  ons. syntheses of the consequences of a wide range of interventions will be a key output. full   so be promoted through stands at uk and international meetings. the longer term objective is to  of conservation in collaboration with a wide range of other organisation so that the use of evi  nisation so that the use of evidence in decision making becomes standard practice this proposal   of evidence in decision making becomes standard practice this proposal would allow us to make   al would allow us to make a substantial step forward in achieving our objective of reforming gl
11350	2	se populations of dispersed particulate carbon sources on and within soil across scales of cm t  ence of saprotrophs and the creation of hot spots . the models will be parameterized and tested
10617	3	little is known about processes causing adaptive radiation, the fanning out of one species into  nctional life forms. a central tenet of adaptive radiation theory, that resource competition is  lved in several african lakes provide a unique opportunity to test it. using molecular phylogen
10025	12	get from continuing to develop and test evolutionary theory the picture of evolution we have in  sis is a rich and varied one. we have a good understanding of the genetic inheritance of traits   traits, an appreciation of the role of genetic drift in shaping molecular variation, and have   singly been able to measure and observe natural selection in the wild. our recent advances in t  ow organisms adapt and evolve. the main stumbling block has been a lack of traits about which w  its about which we know a lot about how natural selection should work; only with this informati  ill use two traits where we do know how natural selection should be acting, sex allocation and   st the importance of aspects of current evolutionary theory. using the sex ratio decisions of f  tic architecture and opposing forces of natural selection influence adaptation. using the matin  nd how big they grow. with a mixture of genetic analysis and behavioural experiments in the fie  boratory, i will untangle how different evolutionary processes work, and estimate their importa  to how important particular genetic and environmental factors are in limiting the extent to whi
11409	12	get from continuing to develop and test evolutionary theory the picture of evolution we have in  sis is a rich and varied one. we have a good understanding of the genetic inheritance of traits   traits, an appreciation of the role of genetic drift in shaping molecular variation, and have   singly been able to measure and observe natural selection in the wild. our recent advances in t  ow organisms adapt and evolve. the main stumbling block has been a lack of traits about which w  its about which we know a lot about how natural selection should work; only with this informati  ill use two traits where we do know how natural selection should be acting, sex allocation and   st the importance of aspects of current evolutionary theory. using the sex ratio decisions of f  tic architecture and opposing forces of natural selection influence adaptation. using the matin  nd how big they grow. with a mixture of genetic analysis and behavioural experiments in the fie  boratory, i will untangle how different evolutionary processes work, and estimate their importa  to how important particular genetic and environmental factors are in limiting the extent to whi
11068	3	ulation in some species. secondly, this age-class replace breeding individuals that die as a re  od. food is patchily distributed in the marine environment, and as a result seabirds we can now  reater vulnerability to the threat from climate change, fisheries or pollution. if pre-breeders
10312	3	lutionary forces that maintain same-sex sexual behavior in natural populations, despite its com   its common occurrence. we will use 192 inbred lines of drosophila melanogaster that have been   d sexual antagonism. we will screen all inbred lines for male-male ssb to identify those contai
1958	13	and its functional relations with other life history traits in the seasonal tropical butterfly    is determined by genetic, maternal and environmental factors, and hence all play a role in the  herms because they are most amenable to environmental variance in life history traits. given th  t amenable to environmental variance in life history traits. given the importance of egg size f  ought to be an adaptive response to the seasonal changes in climate and resting background. in   resting background. in concordance, the life history shows a remarkable contrast between the se  r traits including, weight, fecundity , fat content, longevity and developmental time. this mus  egrate the two phenotypes in one single gene pool. in this project we select for lines differin  direct and correlated responses along a temperature gradient. using existing selection lines fo  ations between egg size and the general life history and its likely evolution using path analys   history and its likely evolution using path analysis. crosses between lines differing in egg s  fects. we will also begin the molecular quantitative analysis and functional genomics of egg si   size by using our growing expertise in gene mapping in this species.
14156	1	indication of decreasing level of local genetic diversity.
1971	2	nisms are of limited use for the direct experimental study of evolution due to their dependence  combination using in vitro evolution of antibiotic resistance. we will study the evolution of r
11775	1	genomic imprinting . for a patrigene, it is of equal va
10482	4	ns become depleted or isolated, reduced genetic variation can lead to reduced population fitnes  y likely to increase in the future, and genetic variation is now recognised by the iucn as a co  s to inbreeding depression, and whether inbred populations can be rescued through the introduct  rescued through the introduction of new genetic variation from related individuals. problems id
10026	8	tral focus of current research across a wide range of biological disciplines, as well as a topi  this leads to a decline in the force of natural selection with age. it is now widely accepted t  ay not apply outside of the laboratory. conventional wisdom also states that the weakening forc  ata from wild vertebrate and historical human populations. i will use historical human data set  nce in natural systems will benefit the wide range of biological disciplines involved in resear  o ageing, including population ecology, evolutionary biology, veterinary and medical sciences,   y, evolutionary biology, veterinary and medical sciences, molecular and cell biology and physio  ary and medical sciences, molecular and cell biology and physiology.
10303	2	enomes to demographic changes caused by global climate change.   to demographic changes caused by global climate change.
11233	7	habitat loss and environmental change. climate change alone is predicted to condemn at least o  itical stability. there is therefore an urgent need to understand maximum rates of evolution in  e populations at species edges lack the genetic variation necessary for adaptation. extensive p  ated altitudinal transitions presents a unique opportunity to distinguish between these hypothe  theses, and assess which ecological and genetic factors most limit evolutionary potential in na  sed research will explore how levels of genetic variation affect the point where evolution fail   of movement of individuals, and assess genetic changes in those traits expected to be evolving
9860	4	uals that are close to them or in their social group. similarly in diseases that are spread by   dividuals that are close by or in their social group. the disease therefore spreads spatially t   population. there has been a number of computer models that show that this spatial spread can   e parasite. as such we propose to build computer models and use some mathematical approximation
10334	1	d adaptation in avian sex ratios, using blue tits as a model system. the results of such experi
2551	3	are major targets for drug discovery in biomedical research, and have recently gained ground in  to infection. by targeting the adaptive channel transport systems of the louse in relation to i  hus provides an exciting combination of molecular genetics, evolution, and potential drug targe
14214	1	model systems, to find evidence to the working hypothesis that species that have co-evolved in
10363	3	d harnesses a supercomputer to simulate air turbulence and the movement of airborne particles.   ll use cfd to study wind pollination in oilseed rape, whose flowers appear suited to insect pol  ture is optimised for wind pollination. wind tunnel experiments will be used to validate the cf
6892	2	studied by other methods. the molecular genetic research gives an opportunity to examine the ge  rder to serve comparative data to later genetic researches.
7432	3	the association France Nature Reserves and results of the thesis should provid   the region of thought on its policy of setting up regional nature reserves.   ht on its policy of setting up regional nature reserves.
10421	4	fect, directly or indirectly, the ocean carbon cycle. a range of new technologies will be appli  tly, the ocean carbon cycle. a range of new technologies will be applied to the measurement of    that control the formation and fate of organic matter. the observations, together with those o  d biogeochemistry within the context of climate change. the cruises will also enable formal tra
10663	4	fect, directly or indirectly, the ocean carbon cycle. a range of new technologies will be appli  tly, the ocean carbon cycle. a range of new technologies will be applied to the measurement of    that control the formation and fate of organic matter. the observations, together with those o  d biogeochemistry within the context of climate change. the cruises will also enable formal tra
10685	4	fect, directly or indirectly, the ocean carbon cycle. a range of new technologies will be appli  tly, the ocean carbon cycle. a range of new technologies will be applied to the measurement of    that control the formation and fate of organic matter. the observations, together with those o  d biogeochemistry within the context of climate change. the cruises will also enable formal tra
10914	4	fect, directly or indirectly, the ocean carbon cycle. a range of new technologies will be appli  tly, the ocean carbon cycle. a range of new technologies will be applied to the measurement of    that control the formation and fate of organic matter. the observations, together with those o  d biogeochemistry within the context of climate change. the cruises will also enable formal tra
11692	4	fect, directly or indirectly, the ocean carbon cycle. a range of new technologies will be appli  tly, the ocean carbon cycle. a range of new technologies will be applied to the measurement of    that control the formation and fate of organic matter. the observations, together with those o  d biogeochemistry within the context of climate change. the cruises will also enable formal tra
9897	4	fect, directly or indirectly, the ocean carbon cycle. a range of new technologies will be appli  tly, the ocean carbon cycle. a range of new technologies will be applied to the measurement of    that control the formation and fate of organic matter. the observations, together with those o  d biogeochemistry within the context of climate change. the cruises will also enable formal tra
223	5	in plants. the current understanding of plant evolution states that the evolution of cooperativ  ned through cooperation. the up-to-date evolutionary theory of inclusive fitness and cooperatio  in modelling of plant behaviour, and no field studies have explicitly sought evidence of applic  tition is related to species/population life history traits with the same phenotype. we will al  lant species characteristic of estonian plant communities.
14847	1	utochthonous species a. naccarii is the fish farm sierra nevada, s.lof riofrio studies on respo
14464	3	iological features and influence of the environmental factors on the invasive gobiids in their    inspection agency, local fishermen and fish markets. measurement of the physical and chemical   ed and classified, they will be created preventive measures for control and monitoring of the e
9821	7	s on the earth and other planets in the solar system. not only are meteorite impacts implicated  nly are meteorite impacts implicated in mass extinctions, they form traps for oil and gas, and    formed in a very shallow sea on a flat continental shelf 65 million years ago, at the same tim  t, the crater was quickly filled with a fresh water lake. over the next 15 million years the la  mained a hole in the ground on the flat continental shelf means that it holds a unique and near  ake, and by measuring the variations in organic molecules and carbon isotopes which tell us mor  the variations in organic molecules and carbon isotopes which tell us more about the climate at
15344	2	ecies that occupy the highest levels of food webs, integrating information from lower trophic l   of environmental quality in addressing conservation measures for the species.
11397	2	one explanation for the maintenance of individual variation in a key trait is that it is non-g  ism, generally termed basal or standard metabolic rate depends on the microhabitat in which the
10937	2	nvasive nmr spectroscopy, together with field studies using remote sensing technologies that es  copy, together with field studies using remote sensing technologies that estimate energy costs
10594	1	etermine their activity and to localise protein expression.
11466	2	we will use radiocarbon dating, as well as other radiometric techni  f origins and dispersal of anatomically-modern humans in europe. the models will be developed t
15121	3	y conservation actions are based on two basic questions; how was the forest landscape compositi  genic external forces. the study of the fossil records provides with objective and detailed inf  effect on the vegetation of the natural climate change is distinguished from the effect of the
13365	3	in aegean region to complement with the data base to be established for future inventory studie  dies. by using the information from the data base survey and collecting programs will be planne  e determined, improved as ornamental by clonal selection and appropriate reproduction methods f
13423	2	ll be taken for growth; for new borns : birth weight, weaning weight, sixth mounth live weight   ce and imrove the practices. by help of first year experiences and practices, remainder herds w
10636	5	hese phytoplankton without any apparent negative effects. however, bio-accumulation of the toxi  ufficiency elevated levels that serious health consequences may result for humans that ingest t  hellfish poisoning which settles to the sea floor and only germinates when conditions are favou   competition. finally, we shall use our experimental results to derive and parameterise mathema  ntal results to derive and parameterise mathematical models for a.tamarense. these models will
10793	2	s as the two are inextricably linked to one another. for example if a bird settles on a poor wi  in time and so would arrive late on the breeding grounds, and threrefore be less likely to get
10135	4	hat have recently expanded their range, reproductive cycles and juvenile success rates in respo  range, reproductive cycles and juvenile success rates in response to recent climatic warming. w  ., can exhibit signs of recovery during short term colder conditions. information gained from t  ide information on species responses to short term cooler periods, during a period of climatic
12448	3	he north east atlantic over an extended time frame. apply modelling techniques to explore relat  hytoplankton variation over an extended time frame in order to monitor responses to climate cha   frame in order to monitor responses to climate change. investigate links between cpr data and
1986	6	e scaling relationships among different body parts or traits, and between these and overall bod  r traits, and between these and overall body size; changes in such allometries among traits is   ps. developmental processes must play a central role in maintaining the functional scaling rela  nitiated an integrative, broad evo-devo research program on allometry. in this project we will    as examined experimentally in previous artificial selection experiments using the tropical but  to unravel the underlying mechanisms of evolutionary change, and to explore the bases of observ
12509	4	search recommendations developed by the advisory committee on organic standards even population  cate best practice as outlined from the review process, and to receive feedback, particularly f  f details will be placed on an existing web site. this will contain details of the project, com  ucts which will help defra meet organic action plan targets, and benefit consumers by increasin
12625	5	search is informed by the view that the cost estimates produced by previous research may be sig  t is thought that the limited number of case studies on which projections in the previous resea  h were based may have produced inflated cost estimates from the business managers who were inte  oduced inflated cost estimates from the business managers who were interviewed. defra therefore  performance and the challenges faced by policy makers in helping them to do that.
15204	2	f fitness. we focused on wild olive and kermes oak, as some of their westernmost populations ha   genetically and phenotypically, by the research team. specifically, we test the following hypo
10882	9	are not their own. for example, female house mice frequently rear their offspring communally w  not. however, the factors that underlie social partner choice, and how this choice influences a  d to avoid inbreeding with close kin by house mice. this has provided clear evidence of a genet  kin sharing the same highly polymorphic genetic marker. we will use this proven genetic marker   genetic marker. we will use this proven genetic marker to test whether female house mice prefer  n genetic marker to test whether female house mice prefer known kin as cooperative partners. we  sh whether normal, genetically variable house mice can recognize maternal kin through behaviour  pecifically on three highly polymorphic gene clusters that encode established genetic identity   to any recognition of maternal sibs and half-sibs. our findings will have general relevance for
10851	3	logy, the study of development, plays a pivotal role in unravelling the evolutionary history of  plays a pivotal role in unravelling the evolutionary history of animals and provides a causal e  for the underlying events. although the fossil record should be integral to this endeavour, a d
11354	4	elopment, is pivotal to unravelling the evolutionary history of animals, and how changes to pat   of developmental data preserved in the fossil record. we have identified a large number of new  ntemporaneous with the establishment of animal phyla, that yield fossil eggs, embryos, larvae a  at variations in phylogenetic affinity, life history strategy and developmental stage have upon
12238	3	meet crop requirements in relation to a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops and    that is transparent and inclusive of a wide range of internal and external stakeholders, produ  technical papers and a final report for peer review to ensure transparency of the recommendatio
10361	2	evolution and ecology of polyploidy and reproductive systems in plants. we propose here to fill  re to fill in gaps in our collection of genetic material from the range of the species in weste
6982	6	rial or decaying matter. however, under field conditions the relationships between the wireworm  s between the wireworms' diet and these environmental factors is still open to question. unders  s which influence the food selection of click beetle larvae would be of basic value to judge th  f specific elaterid species in the soil food web in a correct way. furthermore this knowledge w  rather new and powerful method to study food webs and trophic relationships is the stable isoto  cations in central-europe, comprising a wide range of elaterid species and sites, we will be ab
1957	1	my knowledge this is the first two-way artificial selection experiment on a life- history trai
174	3	of steppe origin herbaceous species in boreal forests. in the past fire was the main factor ca  present-day intensive forestry practice forest fires are rare and this can be one of the reason  r include those connected with heat and chemical changes in the environment charcoal, and light
14135	2	freshwater environments and tolerate a wide range in salinity. successful immigration from fre  he genus flavobacterium in salinity and organic matter gradients. an integrated phylogenetic ap
11645	3	we aim to determine to what extent the bacterial pathogens listeria species can colonise proto  t for listeria during the part of their life cycle outside of the host. listeria can colonise a  de of the host. listeria can colonise a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts but lit
10600	1	obtain non-thermophilic crenarchaea in laboratory culture. the project will employ established
11481	5	in particular have been shown to change plant communities: dutch elm disease is a good example   ant communities: dutch elm disease is a good example of this. the most common plant microbe int  y any amf and this is also predicted by evolutionary theory. many surveys of the am symbiosis i  t the distribution of the amf among the host plants is not random. this system is therefore an   h diversity of soil and vegetation in a restricted area. we need to know the distribution of th
10503	6	ural spread, not only the nature of the social contacts made between the pre-agricultural forag  mist has suggested that the patterns of genetic variation among modern cereal landraces preserv  g information on how and to what extent environmental factors have influenced the development,   s on agricultural sustainability. these environmental factors will include climate change, the   hese environmental factors will include climate change, the project being particularly relevant  hange, especially within the fragmented land uses of europe.
10505	6	ural spread, not only the nature of the social contacts made between the pre-agricultural forag  mist has suggested that the patterns of genetic variation among modern cereal landraces preserv  g information on how and to what extent environmental factors have influenced the development,   s on agricultural sustainability. these environmental factors will include climate change, the   hese environmental factors will include climate change, the project being particularly relevant  hange, especially within the fragmented land uses of europe.
10691	6	ural spread, not only the nature of the social contacts made between the pre-agricultural forag  mist has suggested that the patterns of genetic variation among modern cereal landraces preserv  g information on how and to what extent environmental factors have influenced the development,   s on agricultural sustainability. these environmental factors will include climate change, the   hese environmental factors will include climate change, the project being particularly relevant  hange, especially within the fragmented land uses of europe.
11002	6	ural spread, not only the nature of the social contacts made between the pre-agricultural forag  mist has suggested that the patterns of genetic variation among modern cereal landraces preserv  g information on how and to what extent environmental factors have influenced the development,   s on agricultural sustainability. these environmental factors will include climate change, the   hese environmental factors will include climate change, the project being particularly relevant  hange, especially within the fragmented land uses of europe.
10975	7	degradation, atmospheric pollution and carbon emission. in this proposal we will focus attenti  rbon emission. in this proposal we will focus attention on fire dynamics on a potentially impor   fire ignition and spread, quantify the carbon emissions and recovery times associated with spe  ic fires, and evaluate the potential of remote sensing data to scale up fire emissions to the w  the potential of remote sensing data to scale up fire emissions to the wider andean region. our  xtent and intensity 7. using calibrated satellite data to estimate carbon emissions from fires   g calibrated satellite data to estimate carbon emissions from fires across the tropical andes
2034	2	ks or in changes to management itself § economic factors § responses of fishermen to specific m   regulations such as the plaice box and mesh size regulations. the objective is to determine th
11129	2	enes, foraging, vitellogenin, and major royal jelly protein, which are the strongest candidates  re queen behaviour. comparison with the high resolution behavioural data will reveal the roles
6856	2	the characteristic burial rites of this ethnic group is a special type of catacomb grave that,   assical one, on the basis of new finds, radiocarbon dating and archeogenetical examinations.
2142	3	ic divergence have developed during the short time span at hand, and this project will thus bri  ergence have developed during the short time span at hand, and this project will thus bring new  mation about the mechanics of important evolutionary processes.
2144	3	ecent years. some studies conclude that local populations may contain relatively high amounts o  ions may often be characterized by less genetic drift than expected based on observed census nu  each individual year. this implies that genetic drift could be reduced compared to a situation
143	3	coexistence in natural and semi-natural plant communities. mostly, investigations will focus on  e study of autecological the testing of working hypotheses on the role of plasticity in species   to one of the fundamental questions in plant ecology - which traits of species, and to what de
15324	3	of the most hotly debated questions in evolutionary biology are related to the geography of sp  l systems, since this group of tropical freshwater fish seems to be prone to speciate. i will s   fish evolution, and follow the mode of natural selection. in addition, i plan to develop genom
2024	1	idual-based ecology , which states that individual variation actually is a major driver of popu
10669	18	ion in environmental conditions affects evolutionary change within natural populations. improve  reatly advance our understanding of how genetic diversity is maintained in natural populations   are not free to evolve independently of one another. instead the effect of natural selection on  y of one another. instead the effect of natural selection on one character will be constrained   e effect of environmental conditions on evolutionary processes using data from an unmanaged stu  stly, we have records on the individual life histories of several thousand sheep measured acros  ed to determine paternity and provide a family tree suitable for the kind of genetic analyses p   a family tree suitable for the kind of genetic analyses proposed here. secondly, our previous   ns described above on the expression of genetic variation, the strength of natural selection an  n of genetic variation, the strength of natural selection and the genetic relationships between  mental affects first, the expression of genetic variation in single characters like body weight  tic variation in single characters like body weight: is more genetic variation always expressed  le characters like body weight: is more genetic variation always expressed when conditions are   ips between characters for example, are body size and parasite resistance freer to evolve separ   the course of evolution under specific time series of environmental conditions - for example s  tal conditions - for example systematic climate change. long-term studies of individually-recog  ormation on many aspects of ecology and evolutionary biology, and the proposed grant would guar  sed grant would guarantee continuity of data collection for one of the uk s most valuable ecolo
10886	18	ion in environmental conditions affects evolutionary change within natural populations. improve  reatly advance our understanding of how genetic diversity is maintained in natural populations   are not free to evolve independently of one another. instead the effect of natural selection on  y of one another. instead the effect of natural selection on one character will be constrained   e effect of environmental conditions on evolutionary processes using data from an unmanaged stu  stly, we have records on the individual life histories of several thousand sheep measured acros  ed to determine paternity and provide a family tree suitable for the kind of genetic analyses p   a family tree suitable for the kind of genetic analyses proposed here. secondly, our previous   ns described above on the expression of genetic variation, the strength of natural selection an  n of genetic variation, the strength of natural selection and the genetic relationships between  mental affects first, the expression of genetic variation in single characters like body weight  tic variation in single characters like body weight: is more genetic variation always expressed  le characters like body weight: is more genetic variation always expressed when conditions are   ips between characters for example, are body size and parasite resistance freer to evolve separ   the course of evolution under specific time series of environmental conditions - for example s  tal conditions - for example systematic climate change. long-term studies of individually-recog  ormation on many aspects of ecology and evolutionary biology, and the proposed grant would guar  sed grant would guarantee continuity of data collection for one of the uk s most valuable ecolo
10735	18	genetic variation is the fuel of evolution, and underst  ce in wild populations is a core aim of evolutionary biology. this aim has gained renewed promi  t to changing environmental conditions. genetic diversity is influenced by population size, and  . however, other factors will influence genetic diversity in wild populations, and understandin  tructure of the species and the rate of genetic recombination, a mechanism occurring in all sex  l sexually reproducing species by which genetic material is exchanged between pairs of chromoso   to be correlated with higher levels of genetic diversity. i will examine the role that recombi  e mating system play in determining how genetic diversity is distributed and maintained in the   ty is distributed and maintained in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. d. melanogaster is a  and populations outside africa have low genetic diversity compared to those in africa due to sm  will use our extensive knowledge of the fruit fly genome to carry out one of the largest studie  he wild to date, by examining levels of genetic diversity in each population. this will allow m  will allow me to look at the effects on genetic diversity of range expansion and adaptation to   w habitats, as well as the influence of genetic recombination. by examining regions of the geno   relationship between recombination and genetic diversity, and assess whether populations vary   ook at how the mating system influences genetic diversity, from both the male and female perspe  orate displays to attract females. male fruit flies experience similar pressures, with choosy f  w female reproductive status influences genetic diversity in the wild.
11865	10	died area, and it is often assumed that pathogenic bacteria die or become senescent outside mam  organisms than to bacteria. they play a key role in microbial food webs, grazing on bacteria an  eria. they play a key role in microbial food webs, grazing on bacteria and recycling nutrients.  nthamoeba are responsible for a serious eye infection, amoebic keratitis, and more rarely infec  rely infections of the skin and central nervous system. acanthamoebae have also been shown to h   population of acanthamoebae in treated sewage sludge, 1 million tons of which are disposed of   rotozoa, and will assess the impacts of sewage sludge and waste water treatment effluent on the  assess the impacts of sewage sludge and waste water treatment effluent on the ecology of amoeba   the impacts of sewage sludge and waste water treatment effluent on the ecology of amoeba assoc  of amoebae and associated bacterial and viral pathogens. high throughput sequencing will be use
177	5	absorbing roots with primary structure are responsible for the water and nut  es. absorbing roots adapt to changes in soil conditions by differentiating their anatomical and   adaptation of short roots to different soil conditions to be assessed, and will, in addition i  d, and will, in addition increasing our knowledge base, also be of practical value in forestry   n two branches of science: mycology and plant ecology, in the field of mineral nutrition of woo
11683	12	these organisms are responsible for the vast majority of the photosynthetic conversion of light  nkton thus form the basis of the marine food chain and are ultimately responsible for around ha  bal production of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere each year. due to th   the atmosphere each year. due to their key role in controlling the cycles of these major eleme  ble these organisms might be to ongoing climate change. a necessary first step in understanding   to ongoing climate change. a necessary first step in understanding the global impact of phytop  t of carbon they take up. phytoplankton carbon fixation can be reasonably well approximated as   a simplistic treatment of phytoplankton carbon fixation simply as pigment multiplied by light i  ankton light absorption and the rate of carbon fixation. at the same time we will measure a num  ty in the ratio of light absorption and carbon fixation. by performing this work we will not on  important organisms, but will also make significant progress towards increasing the accuracy of  current best estimates of phytoplankton carbon fixation.
15141	7	at a rate only rivalled by episodes of mass extinction recorded in the fossil record. the sixt  odes of mass extinction recorded in the fossil record. the sixth extinction, however, has been   extinction, however, has been driven by human activity. the sustainable use of biodiversity is   diversity crises. because financial and human resources for nature conservation are limited, it   narrow ecological preferences and long life cycles, mygalomorphs are particularly vulnerable t  nsis, and will predict future effect of global warming on the distribution and viability of the  this regard, our alliance with a public natural history institution will facilitate transfer of
13595	7	climate changes are exposing organisms to novel environ  ncy of environmental events shaping the life history and demography of individuals. whether dra  n abundance is the result of fishing or climate change is a never ending debate among fishery m  erstanding of how fishing mortality and climate change and variability affect marine fish popul  ange and variability affect marine fish population dynamics. we will study the effect of averag  l and variance in fishing mortality and environmental factors on fish demography and population  onmental factors on fish demography and population dynamics. the relative effect of fishing and
15308	7	ns are considered a major force driving evolutionary change and promoting biodiversity. knowled  ciprocal selection and contribute to an adaptive radiation. moreover, we also need to assess th  r, we also need to assess the impact of global climate change on the variation of these factors  lso need to assess the impact of global climate change on the variation of these factors and, c  and scots pine, and the implications of climate change on the phenology of scots pine seed disp  versity and to anticipate the impact of global climate change on the interaction between these    and to anticipate the impact of global climate change on the interaction between these species
12453	1	sider the effects of cephalopods on the ecosystem structure.
10364	5	es on the magnitude and distribution of organic matter flow in food webs of replicated experime   distribution of organic matter flow in food webs of replicated experimental stream channels. q  erimental stream channels. quantitative food webs will be constructed for each channel communit  ent. feeding links will be expressed as organic matter flow , and will be quantified by couplin  be the first attempt to quantify stream food webs in a controlled and replicated community expe
14167	5	trial biodiversity. even if the loss of forest area and its forest fragmentation has been repor  riculturally intensively managed areas, forest land area has been increased during last decades  ural areas. unfortunately, most of this forest land and its fragments consist of secondary fore  orest land and its fragments consist of secondary forest. latest studies have shown that the re  for habitat demanding species. however, field observations here and elsewhere are still contrad
1976	1	usion of species and destabilization of food webs. this is in contradiction with the observatio
14161	7	enables to satisfy the nutrient need of field crops. in stockless farms which are mostly orient  the reserve of soil mineral usually. in crop rotation the leguminous take care for the nitrogen  ty unavoidable •which are the soil agro-physical properties, microbiological activities, soil b  cators in the case of different organic farming methods compared to the conventional tillage •w  age •what is the yield level on organic crop rotation . the amount and biochemical composition    change of soil fertility, the soil ph, organic matter and the content of macro- and micro nutr  suitability of yield for human food and animal feed the project is quite an extensive and handl
10268	7	invasive species have been identified by the iucn as th  owever, the precise mechanisms by which invasive species impact native biodiversity are often p   from the flat holm and sound of harris food webs, as well as relevant data from the literature  g the effects of rat eradication at the community level. this will be of practical use in predi  olm island. the scottish fieldwork will take place under the supervision of csl, and will benef  oject. the stable isotope analysis will take place at the cornwall campus of the university of   sponsibility for uk islands, and to the invasive species community, both within the wider uk an
2062	5	relationships between sheep grazing and plant life history on three different levels. 1 plant c  onships between sheep grazing and plant life history on three different levels. 1 plant communi  fe history on three different levels. 1 plant community dynamics and sheep grazing: can changes  amics and sheep grazing: can changes in plant community structure be related to specific life h  munity structure be related to specific life history traits within the resistance-tolerance mec
6951	2	e ecological basis for the nature based forest management and forest conservation management, a   conservation management, and establish long term dynamical studies. this research has already
13451	11	this project will investigate how the sperm whale population has been affected by past indust   project will investigate how the sperm whale population has been affected by past industrial w  rom ancient and historical specimens of sperm whales kept in museum collections. the majority o   18th, 19th and 20th centuries; ancient sperm whale specimens dating from prior to the onset of   type of museum material will give us a unique opportunity to directly assess what genetic dive  que opportunity to directly assess what genetic diversity was removed. in so doing, we will pro   to understanding the present status of sperm whales. using a variety of population genetics me  ur genetic data to that from the extant sperm whale populations, creating a window into the pas  etic data to that from the extant sperm whale populations, creating a window into the past. a p  ons, creating a window into the past. a pilot study shows excellent dna preservation and prelim  anding of the current genetic status of sperm whales. this dataset will enable us to refine est
12702	3	will predict the likely consequences of climate change on internationally important bird popula  ate change on internationally important bird populations in the uk spa series. it will also ide  ationally important numbers of birds as climate changes.
2082	8	tify under which conditions an expected climate change will most strongly affect vertebrate pop  ge will most strongly affect vertebrate population dynamics. based on a newly developed theoret  in the effects of climate on vertebrate population dynamics be predicted from knowledge of basi  on dynamical parameters 2. what are the life history characteristics of species that are likely  ffect the spatial scale of synchrony in population fluctuations the project can examine whether   effects or climate are stronger on the population dynamics in highly productive than in poor e  h a large clutch size and high specific growth rate than in low reproductive species and whethe  the spatial scaling of the synchrony in population fluctuations are dependent on interspecific
13820	3	formance of natural enemies and improve biological control of pests. however, no studies have t  the theory and practise of conservation biological control – and challenge some existing commun  s and on insect community structure and biological control at different spatial scales. in the
13450	5	currently red-listed due to changes in land use, and their future persistence will depend on m  e lack of data connecting their complex life cycle limits our understanding of orchid populatio  ycle limits our understanding of orchid population dynamics in general, and of the effects of m  ts of several processes associated with land use changes in orchid populations, and will signif  prove our basic understanding of orchid population dynamics. the results will be useful for dev
12587	5	at extent reduced tillage practices and organic matter returns will increase the carbon content  glish and welsh conditions. the 2006 uk climate change programme includes a policy commitment t  ased mechanism to facilitate trading of greenhouse gas reductions from agriculture, forestry an  th reduced tillage and the recycling of organic materials have been promoted as a means of sequ  tion of such practices, and the overall greenhouse gas balance. the project will enable defra t
10621	2	vely unexplored. this will be the first field study to assess genetic variation of a common gup  will be the first field study to assess genetic variation of a common guppy pathogen . we will
2153	4	e will use long-term monitoring data on population dynamics and population specific demography   ts of extreme weather/climate events on population dynamics will be quantified with respect to   bard will be used to examine how future population dynamics will be affected by climate change.  population dynamics will be affected by climate change. finally, the project will quantify unce
15225	1	after-ripening location by in situ hybridization of son
12414	3	a successful defra funded workshop on a deep water observatory a decision was reached to launch  proposed developments would also form a key element of an expanded european marine ecosystem ob  m a key element of an expanded european marine ecosystem observatory with noc, sahfos, pol, pml
11394	3	ny patterns in colouration, morphology, life history and behaviour within a particular species   r within a particular species recently, developmental biologists and ecologists have begun to j  his question in the field of ecological developmental biology test among four hypothesis for th
2043	17	sea. traditionally, enforcement on the high seas has been the prerogative of the flag state of  gh seas has been the prerogative of the flag state of the vessel concerned. however, flag state  state of the vessel concerned. however, flag states have been negligent in fulfilling their dut  heir duties in this respect. inadequate flag state control not only has endangered the viabilit  duties in this respect. inadequate flag state control not only has endangered the viability of    the viability of many fisheries on the high seas, but also in the exclusive economic zones of   he high seas, but also in the exclusive economic zones of certain coastal states. overfishing o  tain coastal states. overfishing on the high seas in many cases also impacts adversely on fishe  ies resources inside the eez. moreover, fishing vessels may engage in illegal fishing in the ee   illegal fishing in the eez. especially developing countries lack the capabilities to effective  have been looking at the enhancement of flag state and coastal state enforcement mechanisms and  ing additional mechanisms, such as port state control. the project will not look in detail at e   the project will not look in detail at enforcement measures not directed directly at vessels,    of these issues, the objectives of the project proposal are: · to determine the content and st  and management measures by flag and non-flag states; · to critically evaluate existing enforcem  ement mechanisms both in respect of the high seas and eezs; · to develop proposals for new, mor  h are consistent with current customary international law; and to identify shortcomings in the
10654	1	climatic proxies in the same core. as a first step in understanding the magnitude, duration, an
10346	1	ng molecular tools to study taxonomy of malaria parasites, and applying these to samples collec
11407	7	framework within their local contexts. forest ecosystems will be used to evaluate and developm  el of expertise and experience that the developing country partners will contribute. this will   uction of a comparative analysis of the political economy of ecosystem services for poverty all  work, as well as providing an extremely valuable resource for other projects, policy makers and  y valuable resource for other projects, policy makers and practitioners. the opportunity to bri  . the opportunity to bring together the developing country partners will contribute to build th  rt of the main espa programme will help kick-start a range of activities across espa s themes a
13606	1	tential for the new species to maintain genetic variation and evolvability under the forecast o
14837	21	ysiological adaptations to the peculiar environmental factors such as darkness, high humidity,   . these adaptations -caused by specific selective pressure- lead to similar body plans with few  arrow temperature tolerance or modified life cycles. in this project we target the evolution of  t we target the evolution of changes in life cycles of cave beetles, which results not only in   eme specialisation. in some species the larval stages are reduced from the three to two or even  one. in those species with a compressed life cycle the number of eggs is reduced, with some spe  gin and mechanism of the changes in the life cycle. the first step will be a molecular phylogen  m of the changes in the life cycle. the first step will be a molecular phylogeny, to identify t  to identify the origin of the shortened life cycle, and whether there is a single line or multi  ened life cycle, and whether there is a single line or multiple independent origins. by calibra   events it will be possible to create a time frame for the origin of the developmental changes.  cies showing significant differences in life cycle, such as different number of larval stages.   life cycle, such as different number of larval stages. these species will be used for detailed   these species will be used for detailed morphological analysis. the aim is to relate changes in  alysis. the aim is to relate changes in life cycle to changes during the developmental process.  dentify the variation due to changes in life cycle. the second focus of the project is on alter  e project is on alterations of hormonal control mechanisms regulating the development. in holom  yonic, larval and pupal transitions are juvenile hormones and ecdysone, and an alteration of th  ing of the hormones has been done for a wide range of insects, including beetles, such profiles  es are similar, and that changes in the life cycle are possible through modifications of the re  use it concerns a mechanism that drives evolutionary processes which is not frequently consider
10717	3	linked to gene duplications, is a major research theme in current evolutionary biology. despite  s, is a major research theme in current evolutionary biology. despite the importance of this re  pression that has never been exposed to scientific scrutiny. consequently, the hypothesis that
1989	9	hat exists between individuals in their sexual behaviour. why do males differ in their courtshi  er to this problem lies in variation in market value that is, variation in attractiveness to th   is, variation in attractiveness to the opposite sex. rather than being the same for all indivi  ill combine mathematical modelling with laboratory experiments on zebra finches and humans to i  odelling with laboratory experiments on zebra finches and humans to investigate such flexibilit   behaviour in relation to their current market value how should they adjust their choosiness, t   respond to information about their own market value social interactions with others are a rich   move away from the traditional view of sexual behaviour as a rigid, pre-programmed suite of tr  which individuals learn about their own market value and use this information to adjust their m
10233	1	it has been argued that there have been significant changes in hominid dietary adaptations thro
10733	1	it has been argued that there have been significant changes in hominid dietary adaptations thro
11248	1	it has been argued that there have been significant changes in hominid dietary adaptations thro
9934	1	it has been argued that there have been significant changes in hominid dietary adaptations thro
15186	2	he coevolutionary process. transmission genetic diversity in detail in the blue tit population   sion genetic diversity in detail in the blue tit population and investigate relationships betwe
11666	1	rection of evolution and generate large time-lags in the response of phenotypic traits to selec
10530	22	currently, our marine ecosystems are threatened by a number of environ  sing global temperatures and changes in ocean circulation patterns. most worryingly of all, rec  lobal temperatures and changes in ocean circulation patterns. most worryingly of all, recent su   as these dead zones continue to expand significant numbers of marine species may become extinc  ts today, it is not the first time that marine ecosystems have faced such threats. the fossil r  ecosystems have faced such threats. the fossil record shows us that at many times in the past g  he past global temperatures have risen, ocean circulation has slowed down, and oxygen-starved d  t the world s oceans. understanding how marine ecosystems have been affected by past environmen  st to manage the present crisis. modern marine ecosystems took millions of years to evolve. the   on the seafloor - the fish, shellfish, sea urchins, starfish, corals and plankton - mostly app   survivors were the ancestors of modern sea creatures. this major extinction event, which took    rising global temperatures, changes in ocean circulation and expansion of oxygen-poor dead zon  astrophes, with similar combinations of global warming and expanding dead zones. all of these e  take the first study of the effect that global warming, changes in ocean circulation, and expan   effect that global warming, changes in ocean circulation, and expansion of the oxygen-starved   ed dead zones had on these early modern marine ecosystems. we will determine, for the first tim  een an improvement in the resistance of marine ecosystems to extinction and collapse brought on  e brought on by changes in temperature, ocean circulation and available oxygen. we will underta   time how the structure and function of marine ecosystems, from the seafloor to the ocean surfa  t environmental changes in temperature, ocean circulation and levels of dissolved oxygen had on  rature, ocean circulation and levels of dissolved oxygen had on the structure, function and ear   function and early evolution of modern marine ecosystems.
11228	2	on and global travel mean that emerging infectious diseases are one of the greatest threats to   h and well-being. in addition the rapid turnover rates of parasites and the strong selection pr
11487	2	on and global travel mean that emerging infectious diseases are one of the greatest threats to   h and well-being. in addition the rapid turnover rates of parasites and the strong selection pr
10121	2	teractions are pervasive throughout the natural world, forming a critical component of plant an  terest in the use of such parasites for biological control. sex ratio distortion has evolved in
11048	2	teractions are pervasive throughout the natural world, forming a critical component of plant an  terest in the use of such parasites for biological control. sex ratio distortion has evolved in
11567	2	teractions are pervasive throughout the natural world, forming a critical component of plant an  terest in the use of such parasites for biological control. sex ratio distortion has evolved in
14554	8	he theories underlying the evolution of parental care, one of the most dynamic and controversia  most dynamic and controversial areas of evolutionary biology. in this species, females can lay   y their eggs either in the flowers of a host plant, or on the back of conspecifics . this proje  rasitoids in favouring the evolution of parental care would be demonstrated, and in more genera  care would be demonstrated, and in more general terms because biological models where a behavio  nequivocally attributed to a particular selective pressure are rare. this project, combined wit  te studies of the costs and benefits of parental care in any organism. consequently, it will pr   general biological importance: why has parental care evolved in animals
10645	9	n understanding of the genetic basis of parental care we lack any understanding of how selectio  dies that have examined how patterns of parental care are inherited, and the few studies we hav  are behaviour. i propose to examine how genetic variation influences the evolution of biparenta  is beetle has diverse and sophisticated parental care behaviour and performs all forms of paren  are behaviour and performs all forms of parental care . it is easily bred under semi-natural co  atural conditions. we have considerable background information on the ecology and behaviour of   mine quantitative genetic influences on parental care, focusing until now on female care. here,  cialisation between the sexes involving parental care can evolve. this research will help us un  me genes. thus, studying differences in parental care between males and females will shed light
13930	1	changes of the environment, for example global warming. the long-term consequences for humans a
2020	4	the process of speciation will become a major issue in evolutionary biology in the coming years  speciation will become a major issue in evolutionary biology in the coming years. therefore, i   e in temperature plasticity of juvenile growth rate, and its genetic basis in the springtail or   collaboration with three international research institutes will incorporate their specific exp
14925	4	r question in biogeography, ecology and evolutionary biology, with deep implications in the mor   applied field of conservation biology. invasive species are nothing more than species that in   are nothing more than species that in a short time, and generally through human intervention, h  hylogenetically independent lineages of water beetles of at least three families , to test hypo
11668	10	the effect of infectious diseases is directly felt by humans in terms  s and sometimes death, in particular in developing countries. furthermore, recent epidemics suc  mouth have emphasized the importance of infectious diseases for agriculture in the developed wo  ectious diseases for agriculture in the developed world. ecologists are also increasingly reali  ingly implicated in the decline of many endangered species. we therefore need to understand why  he theories of host parasite evolution. infectious disease agents such as viruses typically hav   as viruses typically have much shorter generation times than their hosts. not only this they h  t predicts changes in virulence under a wide range of situations. this work looks at how quickl  e parasite reproduces in the host. high growth rate leads to high transmission but also causes   one of the first empirical tests of the evolutionary theory of viral virulence.
10060	13	why individuals vary in their cognitive ability and the adaptive significance of cogn  bility and the adaptive significance of cognitive ability are poorly understood. one of the mai  tempts have been made to understand how natural selection acts on cognitive variation under nat  the heritability of this variation. our working hypothesis is that, because cognitive functions  we propose to test this hypothesis in a long term study population of a generalist passerine. g  y population of a generalist passerine. great tits are year-round residents that use a wide ran  its are year-round residents that use a wide range of patchily distributed food types, suggesti  gainst when conditions are good because higher learning ability comes at a cost to other functi  ociate a specific coloured light with a food reward. already developed in the laboratory, we ar  the study population throughout the non-breeding season and will not only be able to identify e  n additional technological paper on the automated system used, and will provide proof of concep  es will not only be of wide interest to evolutionary biologists and behavioural ecologists, the  ecause they will help to understand how cognitive ability helps individuals, and hence populati
11650	2	ioural traits been studied in the wild. evolutionary theory predicts that traits related to soc  project is to use advanced quantitative genetic analyses to test the idea that traits associate
11093	2	t aims to test whether the responses to climate change observed in tamiasciurus hudsonicus over   evolution in the direction of expected climate change. these analyses will be based on the rec
14476	2	f increasingly longer egg retention and embryonic development in utero, and phylogenetic recons  and embryonic development in utero, and phylogenetic reconstruction reveals that such evolution
14894	2	f increasingly longer egg retention and embryonic development in utero; phylogenetic reconstruc  ion and embryonic development in utero; phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that such evoluti
11092	2	eostatistical-based sampling and spatio-temporal data analysis.   ical-based sampling and spatio-temporal data analysis.
2508	4	eutrophication, coastal development and climate change, and often bring with them substantial n  acilitate ongoing management efforts of coastal waters specifically and ocean systems in genera   will also further our understanding of marine ecosystem processes, specifically benthic-pelagi  ical and species-specific variation and climate change.
11580	13	the major cause of climate change is the atmospheric reintroduction via fo  e is the atmospheric reintroduction via fossil fuel burning of large amounts of carbon that has   the carbon-containing compounds absorb infrared radiation, which contributes to global warming  nfrared radiation, which contributes to global warming. an effective way to limit the effects o  n effective way to limit the effects of global warming is through the removal of carbon contain  of carbon containing compounds, such as carbon dioxide to a range of different soils. we will t  p a picture of the wider soil microbial food web. three different soil environments are going t  al techniques. the soil that overlays a landfill site contains extremely high concentrations of  ane because as the organic waste in the landfill site degrades, it releases large amounts of me  l wetlands include environments such as peat bogs, fens, salt marshes and tropical swamps. natu  e environments such as peat bogs, fens, salt marshes and tropical swamps. natural wetlands have  hat release methane in a similar way to landfill sites when the soil organic matter degrades. w  lar way to landfill sites when the soil organic matter degrades. we are going to study the fate
11343	2	of the fish and include elements of the shoulder girdle, pectoral fins and skull. the remains o  vation of this gigantic middle jurassic bony fish.
10327	2	water flows in which turbulence is modulated by suspend   the project will build upon successful pilot studies with proven, state-of-the art methodologi
6746	5	all the human impact. moreover some new water power plants are under planning in the near croat  e human impact. moreover some new water power plants are under planning in the near croatian wh   and flora surveys we are planning some long term monitoring studies to reveal the impact of th  g studies to reveal the impact of these power plants and to describe the natural processes in t  be the natural processes in the gallery plant communities in natural succession.
10247	6	ions in the monsoon is limited, and the computer models used to simulate them are often inadequ   it will also examine how errors in our computer models of the climate system can affect the si  ore reliable forecasts in the short and long term, thus also enabling more useful adaptation to  nowned for its expertise in weather and climate research in the tropics. advanced techniques wi  from this work will feed into the joint climate research programme, and regular contact with sc  s work will feed into the joint climate research programme, and regular contact with scientists
14215	4	lities in assembly rules for herbaceous plant communities i.e. predictive rules governing commu  s been found for limiting similarity in plant communities. the common approach to this type of   tructured in terms of species, taxa and functional groups is insufficient. i aim to examine if   ecologically communities with different evolutionary histories in three continents. experimenta
10672	3	genetic analysis of archive material can enable tempora  chive. this proposal will use molecular genetic analyses to firstly study a long-term change in   be relevant to marine conservation and resource management.
6973	1	n mental retardation, twin studies, and animal models have expanded our knowledge about the gen
11400	2	n the face of parasites - they generate immune responses to try and protect themselves. but, we  cted at all. we are proposing to take a first step in answering these questions. to do this we
2487	13	l environment of most natural plant and animal species is today changing fast as a consequence   today changing fast as a consequence of human activities. examples include environmental threat  es include environmental threats due to global warming, habitat fragmentation, and introduction  ging environmental conditions. although short term evolution has been observed to occur, the ge  c mechanisms constraining and promoting evolutionary changes of complex traits are little under  advancement of our understanding of the evolutionary process, which is a cornerstone in biology  nternational forefront of the fields of evolutionary biology and statistics using and developin  ue empirical data will be obtained from artificial selection experiments carried out in two nat   experiments carried out in two natural bird populations. one unselected natural population wil  ween junior and internationally leading senior researchers. the research team will consist of s  ionally leading senior researchers. the research team will consist of scientists from research   ch team will consist of scientists from research groups in norway and abroad that are recognise  f expertise in the intersection between evolutionary biology and statistics, based on modern fu
10607	5	al of the genus nicotiana in studies of evolutionary changes induced by polyploidisation, on ti  changes induced by polyploidisation, on time scales ranging from a handful of generations to mi   male/female genome interactions and of chromosomal translocations in the stabilisation of allo   determine roles of dna methylation and gene conversion in sequence modification. together the   ogether the data will give insight into evolutionary processes and species diversification and
11575	5	ular, we want to see whether strains of caenorhabditis elegans recently taken from the wild, re  ether these responses can be altered by artificial selection. we also will investigate further   ponses. the reason for doing this is to work out if our ideas for how and why we think caenorha  t if our ideas for how and why we think caenorhabditis elegans responds to environmental change  largely due to changes brought about by human activity.
10926	4	phytoplankton form the base of the food web in marine ecosystems and are responsible for m  ankton form the base of the food web in marine ecosystems and are responsible for many of the b  of the biogeochemical fluxes that drive climate change. for such an important group of organism   two organisms have adopted contrasting life cycle strategies and might therefore be predicted
14132	1	comprehensive high-density whole genome genetic variation data set of arctic people at the dept
11373	3	ps cancriformis, and the formation of a genetic map of reproductive mode. the completion of thi  cies worldwide and is a uk biodiversity action plan species. understanding the breeding biology  f this project will be useful in future conservation efforts aimed at protecting this species.
11224	7	biologists use evolutionary theory as a means to understand and explai  s a means to understand and explain the natural world. two of the fundamental processes in evol  years ago. during this time, many large animal species died out, but some seem to have flourish  and glaciers, as well as the arrival of modern humans in these areas it is the relationship bet  ones to see which species died, and use radiocarbon dating to see when. this suggests the time   hich went extinct at this time, and the red deer, a species which shows lots of dna variation b  , and compare this to environmental and climate changes. using new mathematical techniques, it
10193	5	it is hypothesised that intra-specific genetic variation is maintained and speciation driven b  ts, we know remarkably little about the genetic variation of pathogens in natural ecosystems an  their variation drives and is driven by genetic change in their hosts. we will investigate the   cea. specifically, we will test whether genetic variation within and among these plant species   d turnip crinkle virus is a response to genetic variation in the pathogens.
10449	2	the history of colonization of the deep sea by irregular echinoids will be documented usin   origination will be estimated from the fossil record and checked against molecular data to det
160	8	roject are: 1. to evaluate the state of bog pine forests as a diverse living habitat complex in  ct are: 1. to evaluate the state of bog pine forests as a diverse living habitat complex in dif  he analysis of the biomass formation of bog pines; 4. to estimate conditions of nutrition and t  lems of growth and biomass formation of bog pines. the obtainable results enable: 1. to underst  ope and the speciality of production of bog pine forests; 2. to explane speciality of nutrition  and the speciality of production of bog pine forests; 2. to explane speciality of nutrition con  e speciality of nutrition conditions of bog pines and necessity of regulation of mineral nutrie  o estimate the state and development of bog pines, being essential biome in european union. the
195	1	selection and reproductive behaviour in great tits breeding in a heterogeneous habitat system c
14593	3	ond aim of this project is to study the structural changes occurring in the heart and kidney du  ely a hormonal and physiologic problem. structural changes constitute the morphologic support o  m in humans. we will try to find common biological responses to situations of reduced vascular
14216	1	versity, where professor pärtel and his research work have a long experience in studying plant
9924	3	this research proposal aims to investigate the millennial-sc  e climate of eastern newfoundland using high resolution records of plant macrofossils and testa  fossils and testate amoebae from raised peat bogs. newfoundland lies at the boundary between th
14759	5	to minimize these potential effects of human activities on the abovementioned groups. the feas  gations. we will use an index combining human population density, the level of modification of   we will take into account the number of habitat types in which each species is present and the   es specifically developed for spatially structured data. the results of this research have the   ies and initiatives aimed at conserving animal diversity.
10205	7	ltivation, and how the ecology of early rice fields developed out of that of wild rice. in orde  ly rice fields developed out of that of wild rice. in order to do this we will develop a clear   agricultural developements. because wet rice fields produce quantities of methane, a better und  o a better understanding of the role of human activities in modifying the global environment in  le of human activities in modifying the global environment in prehistory. since methane is a gr  nment in prehistory. since methane is a greenhouse gas, it has been proposed that rice cultivat  gan to elevate methane levels and cause global warming. our new methods will allow us to test t
10440	2	le of the transition. in contrast, most genetic markers show no differentiation across this zon  ergence between genomes that may be the first steps towards speciation.
13521	3	human activities usually affect biodiversity adversely.   and diversification. our results using cutting edge methods will provide important evidence of  iversity which will be of international scientific value. it will also influence our view of ho
10698	18	ur climate is changing. the emission of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, are    the emission of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, are changing global tempera  e, are changing global temperatures and weather patterns. the strong rise in atmospheric carbon  atterns. the strong rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the last 100 years i   years is caused by an increased use of fossil fuels. the ocean is a very important global stor  lobal storage reservoir for atmospheric carbon dioxide. however, the transfer of this gas from   oplankton and bacterioplankton, play an important role in taking up carbon dioxide. upon their   on, play an important role in taking up carbon dioxide. upon their death, a part of their popul  a part of their population will sink to deep waters and sediments, and hence transfer carbon di  aters and sediments, and hence transfer carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to deep ocean enviro  r carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to deep ocean environments. in the deep ocean the carbon w  here to deep ocean environments. in the deep ocean the carbon will remain for a long period of    this part of the ocean is an important long term storage reservoir. the growth of the phytopla  hey require nutrients to increase their growth rate. the nutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus  t falling often in pulses during strong dust storm events. in this study we propose to undertak  ocean to investigate spatial changes in atmospheric dust concentrations and their influence on   e of nutrients from the dust has on the marine ecosystem in the sea, at a mooring site close to  eanic organisms play in the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the ocean, an
11316	6	e that sea temperature increases due to global climate change have already caused mass mortalit  sea temperature increases due to global climate change have already caused mass mortality of co   the last 5-10 years. given the current climate change predictions from organisations like the   hese increases in disease are linked to climate change and we aim here to test whether temperat  s therfore vital that we understand the disease process so that appropriate and effective measu  es can be used to improve the health of coral reefs.
11689	7	ronmental informatics programme and the climate change cross-cutting theme there is an emerging  emerging consensus that the majority of animal species are responding to climate change, and th  ity of animal species are responding to climate change, and that many species are at risk of ex   species are at risk of extinction from climate warming. the main metrics of change reported in  ew avenue of research on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. it will provide specifi  . conservation strategies must adapt to climate change, but conservationists are uncertain abou  ed work will provide a concrete body of scientific evidence to inform this debate.
11845	7	ronmental informatics programme and the climate change cross-cutting theme there is an emerging  emerging consensus that the majority of animal species are responding to climate change, and th  ity of animal species are responding to climate change, and that many species are at risk of ex   species are at risk of extinction from climate warming. the main metrics of change reported in  ew avenue of research on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. it will provide specifi  . conservation strategies must adapt to climate change, but conservationists are uncertain abou  ed work will provide a concrete body of scientific evidence to inform this debate.
12618	2	for england, safeguarding our soils the land use climate change report to the welsh assembly go  nd, safeguarding our soils the land use climate change report to the welsh assembly government.
10596	2	erials. applied to discriminate between population groups and constrain the place of origin of    methodology in selected early medieval case studies. b evaluation of lead exposure in pre-meta
10921	3	hanges in global temperature, light and weather patterns are due to increases or changes in atm  ospheric constituents and gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and dimethylsulp   gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and dimethylsulphide. the concentration o
11054	3	hanges in global temperature, light and weather patterns are due to increases or changes in atm  ospheric constituents and gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and dimethylsulp   gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and dimethylsulphide. the concentration o
11797	3	hanges in global temperature, light and weather patterns are due to increases or changes in atm  ospheric constituents and gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and dimethylsulp   gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and dimethylsulphide. the concentration o
10321	3	es such as legs and wings originate the fossil record plays a pivotal role in this research by   ngs originate the fossil record plays a pivotal role in this research by yielding transitional   mental assessment of the quality of the fossil record. by quantifying the scale and distributio
12568	1	e development of management options and conservation measures. the research will focus on the c
11293	3	carbon, water and energy exchange. the feasibility study that we conduct for the siberian bore   study that we conduct for the siberian boreal forest suggests that, in magnitude, sw-dimming e  mming exerts a comparable impact on the carbon cycle as that associated with human-induced foss
11195	4	teractions are pervasive throughout the natural world, forming an important part of all plant a  t and parasite populations. there is an urgent need to incorporate environmental variation in h  gy of host-parasite interactions in the natural world, particularly given predicted global clim  e same time we will develop specialised mathematical models of the data in order to test and de
2007	9	the marine environment is especially suitable to detect and  on biodiversity. because of the systems heat capacity, global change will affect the biota slow  rary changes will have less impact on a long term. it was expected that global warming would re  ct on a long term. it was expected that global warming would result in higher temperatures of t  south and north as a result of changing water temperatures. climate changes may also favour exo   result of changing water temperatures. climate changes may also favour exotic invading species  h sea, which is one the world's richest fishing grounds, changes in biological diversity and it  ique archive to detect the influence of climate changes on biological diversity. however, diver   in order to study the relation between climate change and variations in biodiversity. in parti
10680	3	prof s. louda over the last 17 years. a wide range of herbivores attack the plant and their imp   variety of long-term observational and experimental studies. our previous theoretical work on   ies has indicated several points in the life cycle where herbivores could have important effect
10780	7	for a wide range of applied what the transmission rate is bet  ouse pickup more parasites, we will use game theory to explore the implications of this interac  ur. with input from the experiments and game theory, the population dynamic consequences of the  these predictions against the long-term time series of harvest records available from managed g   interactions between biotic factors on population dynamics. this is an important issue, as it   tors on population dynamics. this is an important issue, as it will help us understand how clim  ssue, as it will help us understand how climate change and management will interact to influenc
11307	7	for a wide range of applied what the transmission rate is bet  ouse pickup more parasites, we will use game theory to explore the implications of this interac  ur. with input from the experiments and game theory, the population dynamic consequences of the  these predictions against the long-term time series of harvest records available from managed g   interactions between biotic factors on population dynamics. this is an important issue, as it   tors on population dynamics. this is an important issue, as it will help us understand how clim  ssue, as it will help us understand how climate change and management will interact to influenc
13985	5	ng spore sowing experiments. i will use tree ferns as model organisms. the overwhelming majorit   use tree ferns as model organisms. the overwhelming majority of plant biogeography studies hav  raphy studies have hitherto focussed on seed plants. by comparison, few have targeted the siste  , few have targeted the sister group to seed plants, the ferns. our understanding of the impact   the relative vulnerability of ferns to climate change.
11612	7	the industrial nations of the world currently depend on the  orld currently depend on the burning of fossil fuel for the provision of energy and world energ  over the next 30 years. this burning of fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide and the whole mari  . this burning of fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide and the whole marine ecosystem. this pro  s produces carbon dioxide and the whole marine ecosystem. this proposal aims to investigate the  impact of decreasing seawater ph on the coastal sediment ecosystem; its processes, biodiversity   using a series of carefully controlled laboratory experiments.
11553	17	e likely to lead to increased levels of antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria, carrie  d through the bacterial population. the selective pressure was industrial pollution containing    population. the selective pressure was industrial pollution containing a group of compounds kn  uaternary ammonium compounds. spread of resistance genes occurs by horizontal gene transfer, a   f resistance genes occurs by horizontal gene transfer, a non-darwinian mechanism of evolution,   nother rather than parent to offspring. antibiotic resistance gene-transfer from environmental   er than parent to offspring. antibiotic resistance gene-transfer from environmental bacteria to  es and complex mixtures of chemicals in sewage sludge, and aromatic hydrocarbons can produce se   hydrocarbons can produce selection for antibiotic resistance or the mobile elements which allo  phalosporins is a reservoir of emerging antibiotic resistance genes, to detect novel clinically  s is a reservoir of emerging antibiotic resistance genes, to detect novel clinically significan  ovel clinically significant beta-lactam resistance genes and the presence of resistant opportun   man made pollution to the evolution of antibiotic resistance. research will utilise the molecu  s and land management practices such as sewage sludge disposal. in addition, discovery and char  discovery and characterisation of novel resistance genes in environmental reservoirs will provi  n environmental reservoirs will provide early warning to the pharmaceutical industry to aid in   voirs will provide early warning to the pharmaceutical industry to aid in the development of st
14643	4	the magnitude of the components of the genetic variance/covariance generated by systems involv  mplexity. the joint action of mutation, natural selection and genetic drift on those variance/c  tion of mutation, natural selection and genetic drift on those variance/covariance components w  ance components will be investigated by computer simulation techniques. in addition, a drosophi
175	3	oral changes in clear-cuts covered by a pilot study in 2002-2004, and the compilation of review  dy in 2002-2004, and the compilation of review articles on the biodiversity effects of residual  conservation, and thus to plan specific conservation measures more efficiently.
12686	2	negative impacts on native hole-nesting bird species. this project would assess the likely impa  he need for control of this potentially invasive species, in the context of the emerging policy
12249	6	fuels. the benefits of biofuels include greenhouse gas reductions, contributing to domestic and  ic and international targets, potential air quality benefits, the diversification of the fuel s  uel sector and an additional market for agricultural products. oilseed rape determine the effec  ional market for agricultural products. oilseed rape determine the effect of repeated plantings  sity and soil protection, and policy on climate change through studies of alternative energy cr  cy on climate change through studies of alternative energy crops.
11222	3	mpare trends among species with varying social structures to test the influence of group size,   e current theory on the consequences of social structure, which underpins conservation and evol  cture, which underpins conservation and evolutionary biology.
13489	2	processes are important determinants of ecosystem structures, but their relative impacts depend  tatistics for statistical modelling and time series analyses. this project will provide a basis
10050	13	the wellbeing of present and future generations depends on the availability and sust  services. however, achieving social and economic development goals often requires ecosystem use  es ecosystem users and managers to make trade-offs between these services and to intervene in t  ned. in addition, ecosystem changes and natural resource management decisions link to wider env  addition, ecosystem changes and natural resource management decisions link to wider environment  ng on the floodplain have experienced a significant change to the ecosystem services they recei  or the irrigation of commercially grown sugar cane and cotton has come at the expense of variou  r umkhanyakude district which has a 53% unemployment rate, poor service provision and high inci  e ecosystem services that contribute to human welfare on the floodplain and to deepen the under  ted by ecosystem services and similarly human activities which impact these services will be an  links to human wellbeing. by addressing natural resource governance, the project seeks to contr   to ecosystem conservation and improved human welfare, not only on the pongola floodplain but i   on the pongola floodplain but in other river systems in south africa and further afield.
13791	2	ests play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, being considered an important carbon sink  mesh-tubes together with ergosterol and fatty acids analysis will give its production and turno
11077	2	f the model ecosystems. we will combine molecular analyses of the fungi to determine how the po  higher organisms can be translated into soil fungi, and will increase our understanding of the
11772	5	l environmental pressures stemming from climate fluctuations and occasional exposure to harmful  ements, and also pollution arising from human activities with the release of potentially-toxic   vironmental stresses is the presence of genetic variation within populations, arising from diff  llow the species to survive. therefore, genetic variation due to dna differences is clearly ver  an and industrial sites exposed to some common man-made pollutants. the results of the proposed
13975	2	e of the major factors influencing prey population dynamics evaluating impacts of biodiversity   cope of current research to multi level food webs. in this project i will specifically study if
1954	5	f traits such as flower display, nectar production rates, sex allocation, sex ratio and defence  tionary dynamics and the maintenance of genetic diversity. as an example we want to study selec  le we want to study selection on nectar production rate for plants with high npr and that plant  to explain the maintenance of the large genetic variation in nectar production we found for e.   tle about how distribution patterns and evolutionary processes interact in the field. our proje
15516	1	t populations. in this study, data from genetic markers to the genetic structure of the levanti
189	3	it is forming a mixed community on the sea bottom of the bay. the ratio of dominating species    of this work will be the evaluation of environmental factors on dominating species in loose-ly   f. lumbricalis and c. truncatus and to work out ecological model of kassari bay. the work is p
13881	2	demographic, genetic and environmental factors such as predation determine wheth  most threatened taxa show low levels of genetic diversity, suggesting reduced reproductive fitn
10772	3	gule banks contribute to demography and genetic diversity through a combined empirical and mode  s will be characterized in bryozoan and plant systems. models will predict temporal changes in   the ecological significance of temporal gene flow in taxa ranging from zooplankton and plants t
10997	3	gule banks contribute to demography and genetic diversity through a combined empirical and mode  s will be characterized in bryozoan and plant systems. models will predict temporal changes in   the ecological significance of temporal gene flow in taxa ranging from zooplankton and plants t
9969	3	gule banks contribute to demography and genetic diversity through a combined empirical and mode  s will be characterized in bryozoan and plant systems. models will predict temporal changes in   the ecological significance of temporal gene flow in taxa ranging from zooplankton and plants t
10180	2	m the mediterranean and corals from the red sea, both spanning a wide range of salinity. change  orals from the red sea, both spanning a wide range of salinity. changes in fractionation of li,
6949	2	biotic catastrophe, the recovery of the marine ecosystems was a complex and long-lasting proces  racoda and brachiopoda. the core of our data base is the rich fossil material resulted from det
13458	3	o traditional pesticides for control of insect pests. tons of synthetic pheromones are produced  mponents and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids will be produced by expression of specific   volves no phytosanitary risks, contains fundamental research challenges and has the potential t
14193	3	recent decades. human induced drainage, climate change, fire events and isolation of peatlands   natural development of a bog ecosystem. water level is among the main factors affecting physica  r determining the possible responses to climate change, also for modeling water movement dynami
15094	1	s studies where we have found important structural changes in aestivating organs. the study is
7172	1	x. derbentina that may have a material adverse effect locally. the impact of x. derbentina on
14812	8	he most severe abiotic factors limiting agricultural production. the high rates of population g  icultural production. the high rates of population growth and global warming are expected to fu  the high rates of population growth and global warming are expected to further exacerbate the t   osmoprotective substances such as free amino acids and polyamines. on the other hand, adaptati  moreover, we will examine the effect of salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, indole-3-acetic acid,  l examine the effect of salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, kinetin or poly  icylic acid, gibberellic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, kinetin or polyamines pre-treatment on the  ines content, to discover whether these growth regulators are able to induce salinity tolerance
14188	2	a high proportion of emerging diseases are zoonoses . we anticipate that our  agement, including the development of a risk assessment and preliminary advice to the public wh
10076	4	-permian crisis marks the largest known mass extinction of life. about 50% of families of plant  s through the early and mid triassic, a time span of 15-20 myr. ecosystems on land in the russi  ng repeated today: release of gases and acid rain, global warming over hundreds of years, stagn   today: release of gases and acid rain, global warming over hundreds of years, stagnant waters,
6963	2	ybrids will be made after the collected data processing and analysis. b production of new roots   planted in the 1 ha hybrid garden, and additional information has collected necessary for sele
11142	1	estrial , and so affect the terrestrial food web in different ways.
12579	1	ural land, by evaluating the effects of heavy metal additions per se on soil fertility and agri
2192	3	conservation among land-owners and the general public. genuine, bi-lateral communication betwe  ation between researchers and different user groups is needed. therefore special stress will be   connected to the historical forest and land use in the research areas.
12578	1	ural land, by evaluating the effects of heavy metal additions on soil fertility and agricultura
11289	4	ly conflicts are widespread and play an important role in the evolution of many behaviours and   conflict, parent-offspring conflict and sibling rivalry are all important components of within-  little attention. in this project using zebra finches, we will experimentally manipulate compet  spring conflict. this will be the first experimental study: 1 to quantify the effects of parent
6903	1	is only expressed in cll but not normal blood cells, results would pave the way toward targeted
10348	12	r ability to tolerate very high or very low temperatures, such that they can only live in areas  h cannot physiologically regulate their body temperature. it follows that changes in climate mi   understand how species will respond to temperature changes. however, at the moment there are m  re many aspects of species responses to temperature change that we don t understand. for exampl  limates, which experience both high and low temperatures, to be better able to cope with change  tropical species, which only experience high temperatures, and than polar species, which only e  ecies, which only experience relatively low temperatures. yet, we don t know whether this is ac  species that increases its tolerance of high temperatures loses its tolerance to low temperatur  igh temperatures loses its tolerance to low temperatures. we don t know how far the tolerances   lection for better tolerance or high or low temperatures. we don t know whether different popul  ons of a species respond differently to temperature changes depending on whether or not they ar  ead crop diseases, so their response to climate change could have significant implications for
10369	6	etermine the causes and consequences of genetic diversity in host-parasite interactions. genes    within the mhc are central to the host immune response against parasites and show very high le  gh levels of polymorphism maintained by balancing selection. however, the mechanism by which th  n. however, the mechanism by which this balancing selection occurs is unknown. this proposal wi  unique rat-nematode system in which the genetic diversity of both the hosts and the parasites c  ygous at the mhc produce more effective immune responses against a wider range of parasite geno
11229	1	h female choice should deplete additive genetic variation in preferred male traits , despite st
11386	1	h female choice should deplete additive genetic variation in preferred male traits , despite st
11279	4	volution protocols to the mediterranean fruit fly mating systems, which serve as excellent mode  the project offers a strong and defined training base across a broad range of important skills,   broad range of important skills, and a unique opportunity to capitalise on the synergy between  on the synergy between the academic and industrial partners. it should therefore provide a part
10888	17	introduction mangroves are tropical forests that grow in salty water, usually at t  f destruction, as people clear them for shrimp farming, timber extraction and other uses. many   nefits of the forests and minimises any ecological damage - for example, management should ensu  are maintained and that the emission of greenhouse gases is minimised. aims this research has t  ter understanding of carbon cycling and greenhouse gas emissions in mangroves: 1 to examine how  anding of carbon cycling and greenhouse gas emissions in mangroves: 1 to examine how controlled  ects carbon stored below the ground and greenhouse gas emissions, along with other factors of i   stored below the ground and greenhouse gas emissions, along with other factors of importance t  ve there. 2 to determine the sources of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that are lost  the sources of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that are lost from the soil in mangrov  n of the roots or from decomposition of organic matter in the soil. we will also determine the   coast of kenya. the bay is fringed by a coral reef, and contains seagrass beds and mangrove for  00 people who use their mangroves for a wide range of products. methods using a natural forest    5 small areas of trees and compare the greenhouse gas emissions and root decomposition in thes  eas of trees and compare the greenhouse gas emissions and root decomposition in these with cont  ted plots. by studying stable isotopes, natural chemical markers in the gases, we will be able   ent and to retain a stable height above sea level. all the cut areas will be replanted with tre
12416	2	summary objective the mecn is a focal point for scientists wanting to integrate, compar  analysed to show changes over long-term time-scales . the mecn will, therefore, continue to be
7282	1	ncentives that weigh on decisions about forest management, the mechanisms in place to ensure th
14209	3	ainly caused by the extensive inflow of organic matter from the catchment, which may enhance re  r from the catchment, which may enhance respiration rate could prevail depending on the environ  abolism is also sensitive to changes in food webs. we hypothesise that in võrtsjärv the balance
6999	4	research project p 14220 the microbial and viral loop i  s in those sediments. this leads to the working hypothesis that a either such relationships do   such relationships do not exist for the community members in aquatic sediments and that a new c  ve mentioned compartments do not remove significant amounts of bacteria, and iv what is the rol
11753	2	nes will be sequenced and compared with genomic data. homology screening , using primers based   g primers based on known and discovered clock genes, and in situ hybridisation will be carried
10830	4	ts of our major tree species and play a central role in nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems.   y a central role in nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. this project aim to elucidate the mo  l isolate and characterise p. involutus gene families which exhibit alterations in expression i  calised and long distance regulation of gene expression in response to exploitation of nutrient
11515	3	oisoning in human history . despite the urgent need for fundamental information in the mechanis  ediments into water, the causes of this humanitarian disaster remain controversial. several pos  e arsenic cycle, we will also study the mineral phases and groundwater composition using state
9862	3	oisoning in human history . despite the urgent need for fundamental information in the mechanis  ediments into water, the causes of this humanitarian disaster remain controversial. several pos  e arsenic cycle, we will also study the mineral phases and groundwater composition using state
6983	2	apacity. an important pre-requisite for plant diversity appears to be the diversity of vesicula  tal and plant available p content, soil water content, bulk density and plant p content are det
9826	4	the outstanding fossil record of planktonic foraminifera provides excel  ides excellent proxies of oceanography, climate change, biodiversity and evolutionary processes  raphy, climate change, biodiversity and evolutionary processes. yet, recent molecular studies h  types back in time. this will provide a unique opportunity to integrate fossil and molecular ev
2475	10	the life history strategies of individual fish determine th  gies of individual fish determine their growth potential and reproductive output. thus, the lif  tial and reproductive output. thus, the life history strategy determines the stocks dynamics an  he potential yield that it can sustain. life history traits directly affecting the schedules of  period of time, the fishery also exerts selective pressures that can lead to evolutionary chang  ts selective pressures that can lead to evolutionary changes. this project will investigate the  ly collected data, backed up by theory, life history models, and otolith analyses. from the oto  anagement of skipped spawning and other life history changes that affect stock reproductive pot  ion, and ultimately recruitment. recent life history models indicate that highly exploited fish  ly exploited fish stocks have undergone evolutionary change due to the selective mortality.
13863	6	mosquitoes have recently attracted general public attention in scandinavia primarily due t  ealth and quality of life of humans and domestic animals. outside of scandinavia, mosquitoes ha  has been established to be the dominant sensory input for mosquitoes, where its role in host se  its role in host selection behaviors of adult females directly impacts the overall ability of t  animals. as such, an examination of the olfactory system and the molecular components responsib  ar components responsible for olfactory signal transduction in these insects will provide addit
10055	2	erbivores. plant defense traits include toxic chemicals and physical barriers, such as thorns,   ifferences among plant species in their life history strategies , and dr. koricheva s expertise
10835	3	the early vertebrates, and represents a critical time of extreme morphological development with  nce for jawed vertebrates. however, the fossil record of ordovician ostracoderms and gnathostom   these taxa, and the potential external driving mechanisms behind this radiation event.
6905	2	fauna of the characteristic, endangered habitat types of the carpathian basin elaboration of na  conservation treatments and methods and action plans.
14522	2	produced by venom glands associated to reproductive organ, makes agromyzide-parasitoid complex  utive controversy: specialization is an irreversible process dead or an evolutionary dynamic. u
12482	3	o use by all relevant organisations and interest groups. the study will ensure this by developi   of an ecosystem approach to integrated decision making could be realized. to make to results a  t as possible, the study will draw in a wide range of local and regional stakeholders via facil
10317	6	on of the co2 released by anthropogenic fossil fuel and biomass burning. as a consequence the p  ill determine if the base of the marine food chain and the major contributors to the global car  nd the major contributors to the global carbon cycle, have already altered their calcification   o improve predictions of how vulnerable marine ecosystems are to ocean acidification, how likel  o adapt and support effective advice to policy makers and managers of marine bioresources on th  cale of risks of ocean acidification to marine ecosystems.
10069	2	f care are expected among the different family members. familial conflicts can be divided into   duct empirical tests of these models on inbred lines of the burying beetle nicrophorus vespillo
10350	2	f care are expected among the different family members. familial conflicts can be divided into   duct empirical tests of these models on inbred lines of the burying beetle nicrophorus vespillo
10446	2	es will be coupled to physiological and molecular analyses of the capacity for cam between spec   molecular phylogeny, ecophysiology and molecular biology in a genus which has become establish
13782	7	ion in mammals, regulating appetite and energy balance. however, the physiological role of lept  ereby established homologous, proteomic research tools; including the first ever fish leptin ri  e content, in vitro leptin secretion by cell cultures, and the proteomic characterization of pl  in and its binding-proteins, using ria, affinity chromatography and other proteomic methods. 3.  ained will help establish hypotheses on physiological function, which will then be tested in co  firmed, the project may explain how key life history transitions such as smoltification and pub  gree on energy reserves. if alternative physiological functions for leptin in fish are discover
2174	3	bour seal population on svalbard . this research programme will determine the current abundance  the current abundance and most probable population trend of this vulnerable, red-listed, harbou  anges taking place in the region due to climate change via determining what harbour seals are e
10611	2	ial structure is emerging as one of the central issues of modem population ecology. the develop  pulation are altered and the effects on population dynamics examined. replicated host and host/
11646	2	ial structure is emerging as one of the central issues of modem population ecology. the develop  pulation are altered and the effects on population dynamics examined. replicated host and host/
2033	3	s richness and the role of diversity in marine ecosystems have been much discussed recently. ho  so the infection parasite frequency and genetic diversity of different populations will be comp  would mean that population with reduced genetic diversity are more susceptible to parasites.
2151	2	t will study long-term effects of acute oil spills in the norwegian and barents seas, focusing   oplankton may modulate the effect of an oil spill on fish stocks. the core element of the proje
13463	3	ence based information about effects of conservation measures on diversity may guide policy dec  tor treatment effects on communities of soil fungi, using high throughput sequencing of marker    amplicons. we will investigate whether clear-cutting leads to complete or partial loss of em d
518	2	this research project is based on the statement that it is n  y and natural asset the prairie plays a central role in the functioning of agro-ecosystems havi
15236	3	microbial diversity in natural environments is huge and  l as to comprehend why exist a so large microbial diversity. the selection of microorganisms ad  diment from the natural ponds at doñana national park. environmental variables will be determin
11039	8	the uk government s plans for tackling climate change. one of the major causes of increased at  tmospheric co2 levels is the burning of fossil fuels releasing carbon that has been stored for    atmosphere. in order to cut our use of fossil fuels we can grow crops for energy. bioenergy ,   ystems and to accurately project future greenhouse gas inventories. in this project we will mea  ns to any differences or changes in the microbial population responsible. this information will  arameterising water, energy, carbon and greenhouse gas balances for these bioenergy crops, and    these bioenergy crops, and to simulate greenhouse gas emissions for uk land if converted to gr  nergy crops, and to simulate greenhouse gas emissions for uk land if converted to growing misca
10035	8	the uk government s plans for tackling climate change. one of the major causes of increased at  tmospheric co2 levels is the burning of fossil fuels releasing carbon that has been stored for    atmosphere. in order to cut our use of fossil fuels we can grow crops for energy. bioenergy ,   ystems and to accurately project future greenhouse gas inventories. in this project we will mea  ns to any differences or changes in the microbial population responsible. this information will  arameterising water, energy, carbon and greenhouse gas balances for these bioenergy crops, and    these bioenergy crops, and to simulate greenhouse gas emissions for uk land if converted to gr  nergy crops, and to simulate greenhouse gas emissions for uk land if converted to growing misca
7171	3	the representations of ludwigia grow as players face the nuisance created by these plants and r  he nuisance created by these plants and regulatory requirements of colonization deemed too impo   continuity solutions between different research fields, on one hand, and between research and
10794	3	h will allow us to evaluate whether the fossil record can preserve recognizable pre-vertebrates  ates reflects their non-preservation or non-existence. it also has important implications for c  y has to be reconstructed but without a clear picture of how anatomy was altered during fossili
203	5	of a complex study in cooperation with research teams from estonia and from abroad. environmen  rch teams from estonia and from abroad. environmental impacts of cultivating hybrid aspen will   l hybrid aspen plantations on abandoned arable land. nutrient demand of hybrid aspen on differe  ified. the limiting factors for biomass production capacity during the different growth stages    impacts on estonian nature, landscape, land use, rural economy and social aspects. the practic
10484	9	jor component of the marine-atmospheric carbon cycle is the precipitation and dissolution of ca  is the precipitation and dissolution of calcium carbonate in seawater. calcium carbonate is the  ution of calcium carbonate in seawater. calcium carbonate is the mineral that makes up rocks su  tant to our understanding of the global carbon cycle, and to the earth system as a whole. this   organic carbon budget. large amounts of calcium carbonate are produced in the global oceans by   however, recent research by part of the research team here has highlighted the significant addi   oceanic carbonate production by marine bony fish. these all ingest seawater and are now known   water and are now known to also produce calcium carbonate within their guts and excrete these p   this previously unrecognised source of marine carbonate is significant in its own right but, w
13427	2	in 1995, the domestic animal genetic resources conservation project   , the domestic animal genetic resources conservation project was implemented. thus, this projec
11346	2	nt not only for an understanding of the evolutionary process, but also because the life history  lutionary process, but also because the life history and reproductive strategy of a species are
15283	1	ps have been studied in the past by our research team and others, so we have an initial phyloge
10397	2	in this study we will characterise the genetic variance and covariance matrix and the strength   the most pervasive patterns across the animal kingdom, the rapid evolution of male genitalia.
12218	5	is publicly funded genetic research for animal and plant improvement an im  nd food strategy as with other forms of public spending, genetic methods for delivering these o  mic jargon for the observation that the private sector will not always undertake research to de  ast cost means of delivering a specific public good objective, or that the net social benefits   rch returns from genetic improvement in dairy cattle over
9959	19	global warming due to increasing concentrations of gree  ing due to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the earth s atmosphere is a growing  s environment, economies and societies. human activities have been shown to play a significant   ation of electricity using carbon-based fossil fuels such as oil and gas. in particular, carbon  els such as oil and gas. in particular, carbon dioxide emissions from the deforestation of trop  ide emissions from the deforestation of tropical forests account for up to a fifth of annual gl   for managing the potential threat from climate change, there has been a push by many governmen  has been a push by many governments and civil society actors to include strategies to reduce em  , this concept proposes to put in place financial incentives to reduce deforestation rates thus  eventing the emission of biomass-stored carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. these inc  rds landowners or communities living in forest areas. however, many concerns have been raised a  und. for example, many people living in forest areas do not have title to the land upon which t   of effective government in many remote forest areas. in principle, there are a number of diffe  e conditions that exist in a particular forest area, and the policy goals of the entity respons  lement policies that might also protect forest areas containing high levels of biodiversity. th  edd policy on the ground. to be used by policy makers, the tool will combine data and informati  simulate the conditions of a particular forest area. users can then run the software to simulat  l idea is that through experimentation, policy makers can learn about what might or might not w  out what might or might not work in the forest area of interest before actually implementing a
13456	3	r project babi will investigate whether beaver dam impoundments constitute new hotspots not onl  idering both the potential positive and negative effects of beaver dams, babi will provide scie  ential positive and negative effects of beaver dams, babi will provide scientific data crucial
12657	2	rch is designed to assess the effect of urban development and number of visitors on the distrib  n of nightjar and woodlark numbers with urban development in dorset is replicated in the thames
14170	4	the majority of planktonic organisms are either phototrophs or heterotr  multiple trophic levels and thus lend a competitive advantage over strict phototrophs and heter   for further growth of their prey, both heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic cells . the main  d indirect effects of mixotrophy on the food web and increased mixotrophic feeding mode is shap
1089	4	orphism, though playing a major role in evolutionary processes is rarely the focus of intra- sp   phasianus colchicus and sus scrofa the specific goals of this study are: 1. understanding mhc   rns will be compared to the patterns of genetic variation at neutral microsatellite markers. 2.  modify, and in which direction, the mhc genetic diversity. different populations will also be c
11458	3	gene flow, mediated by the dispersal of organisms follo  e process of speciation. sessile marine animal species commonly have limited scope for regular   ed scope for regular dispersal in their life cycle. however, adults may occasionally move betwe
2015	5	ies have declined in abundance over the past century due to habitat loss and reductions in disp  n dispersal via waterways. furthermore, climate change, through higher temperatures in the alps  nsequences of phenotypic plasticity for population dynamics are poorly understood. i therefore   n and restoration efforts. i will study population dynamics under past, present and a range of   nvironment-trait, trait-trait and trait-life history relationships.
10884	1	ly occurring stress predicted by recent climate models.
11879	7	in the space for nature a 120 page government report released in september 2010, lawton an  l environment in england in the face of climate change and other environmental insults. their r  on and restoration, under-pinned by the re-establishment of ecological processes and ecosystem   stem services, those of pollination and pest control. collaborations between academics and prac   we will determine whether specimens of swallowtail butterflies in museums local to the somerse  nt group of 5 phd students, a pdra, two research fellows and a £1.3 million grant on urban poll   involved in agroecology, conservation, public engagement and school activities.
15020	4	microbial diversity is a crucial element in our underst  mportant resource for biotechnology and medical research. molecular and genomic approaches not   rstanding of function and speciation in microbial populations in the environment more studies f  icrodiversity patterns in environmental microbial populations by exploring the genomic microdiv
10771	6	man-made climate change poses a grave threat to the survival of   ave threat to the survival of plant and animal species. this is because each species has a part  e able to move quickly enough to escape climate change or will be trapped on islands of suitabl   of success or failure of species under climate change on other members of the community. final  istribution of adaptive climate-related genetic diversity. the ultimate goal of the project is   ailed knowledge of how humans impact on plant communities and how they might respond, such that
11472	1	bacteria and quantitatively affect the growth rate of dmsp-producing phytoplankton.
14933	1	tebrates to respond to the changes that take place in mediterranean ecosystems, in the space an
10046	10	e ocean and the atmosphere. hydrophobic organic molecules are concentrated at the surface of th  ing water. current methods of measuring biological properties of the asml involve the initial r  o develop a method capable of measuring metabolic rates of bn in the intact asml, using radiois   asml, using radioisotopically labelled fatty acid tracers. labelled gaseous metabolites of fat  racers. labelled gaseous metabolites of fatty acids will be collected by bubbling air through h  rate them from planktonic cells using a cell sorting device / a flow cytometer. bn cells will b  hods will be tested initially on marine bacterial cultures before using local seawater samples.   could be eventually used to measure bn metabolic rates in the intact oceanic asmls. the determ  ir-sea interface processes which affect global climate change.   interface processes which affect global climate change.
10143	3	opposite, however, and will spend their entire life living on one single species of plant. the   many millions of economically important animal species such as plant eating insects and many di  of plants and become a specialist. most experimental studies conducted so far do indeed indicat
10410	3	opposite, however, and will spend their entire life living on one single species of plant. the   many millions of economically important animal species such as plant eating insects and many di  of plants and become a specialist. most experimental studies conducted so far do indeed indicat
11178	10	here is an emerging consensus that many animal species are responding to current climate warmin  nimal species are responding to current climate warming by shifting their distributions northwa  capes that have been greatly altered by human activities, and where breeding habitats are often  s can shift their ranges in response to climate change whilst others cannot, is crucial for imp  ersal behaviour and capability. even if greenhouse gas emissions were greatly reduced immediate  iour and capability. even if greenhouse gas emissions were greatly reduced immediately, more wa  rucial for understanding the impacts of climate change on the distribution of biodiversity. the  and collect new field data on butterfly flight path characteristics . the project will produce   rstanding and predicting the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. conservation strategies  ed work will provide a concrete body of scientific evidence to inform this debate.
11398	10	here is an emerging consensus that many animal species are responding to current climate warmin  nimal species are responding to current climate warming by shifting their distributions northwa  capes that have been greatly altered by human activities, and where breeding habitats are often  s can shift their ranges in response to climate change whilst others cannot, is crucial for imp  ersal behaviour and capability. even if greenhouse gas emissions were greatly reduced immediate  iour and capability. even if greenhouse gas emissions were greatly reduced immediately, more wa  rucial for understanding the impacts of climate change on the distribution of biodiversity. the  and collect new field data on butterfly flight path characteristics . the project will produce   rstanding and predicting the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. conservation strategies  ed work will provide a concrete body of scientific evidence to inform this debate.
11196	2	. these will be quantified by shipboard flow cytometry, in a 240km x 240km region of the celtic  alisation through protist predation and viral infections.
14669	3	omenon. the analysis will be done using remote sensing with more than 20 years of duration. the   parameters will be calculated from the satellite images and they will be validated by means of  er degradation according to the present climate models.
14148	3	nditions. knowledge about the degree of genetic diversity allows evaluating the stability of po  ng the stability of population with low genetic diversity referring to higher vulnerability in   tterns among populations will provide a knowledge base for better planning of habitat protectio
10353	2	planned to look at the way a predation threat changes competitive outcomes. the final experime  tic relatedness and familiarity between group members in determining competitive outcomes. the
14112	6	gests that plumage bacteria may play an important role in shaping the life histories of wild bi  y play an important role in shaping the life histories of wild birds. several bacteria are capa  us protecting eggs from infections with pathogenic bacteria. however, knowledge about the facto  en various bacterial parameters and the bird species, sex, habitat type, season, feather color   l parameters and the bird species, sex, habitat type, season, feather color and body part will   habitat type, season, feather color and body part will be explored. besides this correlational
15232	2	nean basin, the existence of reiterated forest fires is an important factor in the evolution of  ution of plants and in the structure of plant communities. the ability to resprout can hardly b
14217	1	l also be used to investigate the joint selective pressure by floral herbivores and pollinators
6862	1	development of de novo diffuse large b-cell lymphomas and in the lymphoma transformation.
14686	1	both present different mating systems, parental care patterns, and postnatal dispersal behavio
10419	9	ulation size and the amount of standing genetic variance. despite intense selection on reproduc  success of their offspring. because the genetic diversity . the mhc is a complex of genes that   f genes that play a fundamental role in immune responses allowing the organism to recognise sel   are not recognised as self. while this immune response enables the organism to combat pathogen  ent males. namely, we expect the female immune system to tolerate sperm of males that share mhc  hc profile. as it is typical of similar immune responses, we also expect female response to the   through continued exposure, the female immune system learns to recognise mhc-similar sperm typ  dating the consequences of mhc-mediated immune responses for female sperm selection would there  ar sperm. second, poultry techniques of artificial insemination and sperm assays enable us to s
9866	9	ulation size and the amount of standing genetic variance. despite intense selection on reproduc  success of their offspring. because the genetic diversity . the mhc is a complex of genes that   f genes that play a fundamental role in immune responses allowing the organism to recognise sel   are not recognised as self. while this immune response enables the organism to combat pathogen  ent males. namely, we expect the female immune system to tolerate sperm of males that share mhc  hc profile. as it is typical of similar immune responses, we also expect female response to the   through continued exposure, the female immune system learns to recognise mhc-similar sperm typ  dating the consequences of mhc-mediated immune responses for female sperm selection would there  ar sperm. second, poultry techniques of artificial insemination and sperm assays enable us to s
11221	2	one of the major problems mankind is facing in this century is an   s an increasing number and intensity of natural disasters .
11424	2	one of the major problems mankind is facing in this century is an   s an increasing number and intensity of natural disasters .
14616	5	l change, a complex network of specific protein phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation takes pl  he activation and/or de-activation of a specific group of genes. this process generally leads t  s or to enter into a process leading to cell death. these proteins are grouped in canonic tri m  se cascades have been well described in mammalian cells, but still little information is availa  s or to enter into a process leading to cell death.our main goal is to determine the presence o
14176	2	cies do not support the growth of local host plants in the same way than am fungal communities    fungal communities shaped by the local host plants do. it is important to note that these pred
13923	4	aenibacillus polymyxa forms biofilms on plant roots, and thereby protects plants against drough  t plant health, and can be considered a natural resource. it is doubtful whether the potential   er the potential of the complex system: plant root- rhizobacteria has been effectively used in    enlighten the physiology, genetics and physical properties of biofilm formation in general, as
9883	13	s biodiversity. because of their short generation times, annual plants may also respond quickl   plants may also respond quickly to new selective pressures, but this depends on how much genet  pressures, but this depends on how much genetic diversity is maintained in their populations, a  rstanding the factors that regulate the genetic diversity of annual plant populations and thus   ns and thus their ability to respond to natural selection. it is this potentially important for  fects the mating system and patterns of gene flow within populations, and how these in turn aff  tudies have addressed the importance of gene flow amongst populations and potential metapopulat  within-population patch dynamics play a key role in limiting and structuring within-population   iting and structuring within-population genetic diversity. in other words, we hypothesise that    few metres within a population play an important role in patterning genetic diversity. the def  on play an important role in patterning genetic diversity. the definition of population and pat  t of patch colonisations on patterns of genetic diversity will be eroded by subsequent gene flo   diversity will be eroded by subsequent gene flow amongst patches, we will compare diversity an
11023	8	kton, which form the base of the marine food chain. despite their tiny size, the ocean s phytop  ning fish stocks, and some are toxic to marine mammals and even humans. also, since each specie  ave a different impact on the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere and locked u  rom the atmosphere and locked up in the deep ocean. an improved understanding of the distributi  will therefore enable us to predict how marine ecosystems might change in the future, and ultim  ultimately how phytoplankton may impact climate change. unlike land plants, phytoplankton are o  er, but they often have to compete with one another for nutrients and light to survive. each sp  . in this study, i will develop and use mathematical models to explore how the pigment combinat
11277	5	since the end of the last ice age large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide hav  st ice age large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been slowly locked up in peat soils  re it would cause a significant rise in carbon dioxide and release methane and result in furthe  d release methane and result in further global warming. at the moment scientists are trying to    and carbon from peatlands. most of the research work, which will take three years to complete
11301	5	since the end of the last ice age large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide hav  st ice age large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been slowly locked up in peat soils  re it would cause a significant rise in carbon dioxide and release methane and result in furthe  d release methane and result in further global warming. at the moment scientists are trying to    and carbon from peatlands. most of the research work, which will take three years to complete
11837	5	since the end of the last ice age large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide hav  st ice age large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been slowly locked up in peat soils  re it would cause a significant rise in carbon dioxide and release methane and result in furthe  d release methane and result in further global warming. at the moment scientists are trying to    and carbon from peatlands. most of the research work, which will take three years to complete
15477	1	emerging research that has experienced significant progress in the last decades, particularly
9801	4	w, plants use light to turn atmospheric carbon dioxide into sugars, in a process called photosy   plant releases these from its roots as plant root exudates and they form the major food source  t root exudates and they form the major food source for soil microbes. in return, the bacteria    signals to solve agricultural and land management problems.
13981	3	emi-natural grasslands and species-rich deciduous forests. in the present project, we intend to  erstanding of species invasions and how long term changes in conditions related to soil and cli  community composition of grasslands and deciduous forest, and examine the niche structure of th
11238	5	climate change represents a challenge to conservation b  tion strategies that are relevant under climate change, and then to bring together appropriate   dely through a jointly-produced report, journal article and accounts in stakeholder magazines a  d accounts in stakeholder magazines and web sites; as well as by oral presentations at a launch  ists, and a variety of stakeholders and policy makers from, e.g., the royal society for the pro
15111	6	ject aims to assess the exploitation of rice fields as feeding habitats for the nesting populat  mains around the gulls nests during the incubation period. however, such data might be highly b  ophic ecology of the species during the incubation period. to test this hipothesis we propose t  ssue used as biomarkers. feeding in the rice fields may also represent to pay a cost in terms o  st in terms of pollutants load, because rice fields receive pollutant inputs, both from the riv   when audouins gulls are feeding at the rice field ecosystem.
2181	8	understand, and predict, the effects of climate change on the temporal and spatial scales relev  y, we need approaches that enable us to scale up from detailed mechanistic studies of the effec  e gradients to explore how climate, and climate change, affects the role of seed recruitment ac  herefore hypothesize that any impact of climate change on this life-history stage is likely to   ze that any impact of climate change on this life-history stage is likely to have strong effect   to have strong effects on the fates of local populations and communities. the ambitious goals   ing the forces of two strong ecological research groups in norway with broad expertise in the e   expertise in the ecological effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems . this project
166	1	f suspension feeding communities in the coastal ecosystems.
10951	3	and its unique biological, chemical and physical properties may have a considerable impact on t  . in comparison with the physics of the sea surface however, information regarding sea surface    surface however, information regarding sea surface microbiology and how this influences the ai
11260	3	and its unique biological, chemical and physical properties may have a considerable impact on t  . in comparison with the physics of the sea surface however, information regarding sea surface    surface however, information regarding sea surface microbiology and how this influences the ai
6877	1	but perhaps lived here even before the ice age and survived this harsh period in situ. this du
14772	6	usually underestimated in conservation management programs. many aquatic organisms require tem  uire temporary waters to complete their life cycle. this study aims at analysing the structure   for the conservation of fauna and flora endangered species, studying the temporary ponds system  he temporary ponds system of the doñana national park.we analyse the temporal and spatial dynam  oil characterization and geomorphology. remote sensing tools are used to increase information a   about these habitats in order to build mathematical models which will contribute to explain th
14975	2	gged partridge game management on these endangered species. additionally, we will gather blood,  ured individuals to obtain material for genetic analyses and basic information about intestinal
15086	2	ged partridge game management and other land uses in central spain on these species of conserva  ured individuals to obtain material for genetic analyses and basic information about intestinal
14762	4	e cannot be properly implemented unless research projects are conducted that help in acquiring   his aim have been completed for spanish river systems. however, no methodology has yet been pro  f lakes, ponds and pools representing a wide range of environments, with special ecological fea  y, the validity of the typology used as starting point will be checked.
2145	5	nd protein and intake of energy through food consumption. we propose a study aimed at providing   study aimed at providing the necessary knowledge base to predict the effect of natural- or ant  rtance of stored energy and energy from food consumption on winter survival under different cli  rtance of stored energy and energy from food consumption for winter survival under different cl  rgy allocation strategies to changes in winter season, temperature and ice cover conditions. th
11033	2	sequence were scraped from the outside sea squirts. thus they are the first cyanophages to be   rium is also thought to grow inside the sea squirts, they may even contain genes from the inver
11028	3	terest is the role bacteria play in the life cycle of ulva. we have shown that zoospores tap in  ial biofilms producing small diffusible signal molecules. in addition, bacteria are known to be  pment. the effect of bacteria and their signal molecules on sporulation will also be examined.
15208	2	al of interest in recent years, several key points remain unresolved. the first one relates to    to relate the major histocompatibility gene complex may have consequences for mate and group c
1925	10	reduction of pesticide use and mitigation of nitrogen and other nutr  errestrial ecosystems the occurrence of plant diseases and the loss of nutrients are related to  tems are usually small. in the proposed research programme we will address the general hypothes  etention in soil. this follows from the working hypothesis that the coupling of activities betw  iversity, in particular biodiversity of functional groups of plants. these treatments will allo  n populations. nitrogen turnover in the food web in the soil-plant system will be measured and   en turnover in the food web in the soil-plant system will be measured and simulated in order to  nge investigated in the field. existing food web models will be elaborated to include effects o  phic relationships and a wider range of functional groups of biota than hitherto reported. micr  ed. microcosm experiments will parallel field studies to answer specific questions. confirmatio
1924	10	reduction of pesticide use and mitigation of nitrogen and other nutr  errestrial ecosystems the occurrence of plant diseases and the loss of nutrients are related to  tems are usually small. in the proposed research programme we will address the general hypothes  etention in soil. this follows from the working hypothesis that the coupling of activities betw  iversity, in particular biodiversity of functional groups of plants. these treatments will allo  n populations. nitrogen turnover in the food web in the soil-plant system will be measured and   en turnover in the food web in the soil-plant system will be measured and simulated in order to  nge investigated in the field. existing food web models will be elaborated to include effects o  phic relationships and a wider range of functional groups of biota than hitherto reported. micr  ed. microcosm experiments will parallel field studies to answer specific questions. confirmatio
6759	3	the growth factors that activate receptor tyrosin kinases a  ation and as a consequence an increased cell proliferation and a differentiation arrest. a high  nk, archived histological materials and real time quantitative pcr technology we want to invest
10631	5	ynthetic biomass, but due to their high growth rates they contribute almost a half of annual gl  ntribute almost a half of annual global carbon fixation. the phytoplankton can be divided into   oplankton can be divided into different functional groups according to their size, taxonomic co  o their size, taxonomic composition and biochemical properties. size is an important parameter   iency of trophic transfer in the marine food web. three main size categories have been adopted
10538	1	uses of the exceptional preservation of soft tissues are currently unknown, and yet these fossi
11530	1	and science, as well as wide press and public interest. this project will investigate a new as
1978	1	of the main themes of ecology since its early days. the first theory that attempted to describe
14142	1	ns of the state of main commercial fish spawning grounds and elaboration of proposals for their
15491	2	although the distributions of plant and animal species are becoming increasingly well documente   responses of ecological communities to climate change.
10606	6	and diversity will be determined using standard techniques and fully quantified food webs of f  tandard techniques and fully quantified food webs of flowering plants, bumblebee pollinators an  iques and fully quantified food webs of flowering plants, bumblebee pollinators and their paras  parasites will be constructed for three habitat types representing different levels of resource  ity, abundance and nectar production of flowering plant species. this data will derive specific  ct and indirect interactions within the food webs.
14932	1	organisms a great number of them with a high degree of endemism - are threatened as well. this
12138	2	asive area will allow establishing what genetic changes took place during the invasion. in orde  hanisms of invasiveness we will examine gene expression of e. annuus clone, grown under contras
12539	4	mber states from other member states or non-member countries of organisms, which are harmful to   states from other member states or non-member countries of organisms, which are harmful to pla  e eu q-bol project development of a new diagnostic tool using dna barcoding to identify quarant  organisms in support of plant health eu grant agreement number 226482.
11157	10	cement by new species. think of it as a football club. to remain successful the team has to con  ses in total species numbers. these are mass extinctions. at these times entire groups of plant  animals disappear during a geologically short time. good examples are the dinosaurs at the end   ppear during a geologically short time. good examples are the dinosaurs at the end of the creta  at the end of the permian, the greatest mass extinction of them all. there are 5 of these big m  n of them all. there are 5 of these big mass extinctions during the last 500 million years. som  can get a solid core of rock by using a drilling rig. we can then use this core to extract the   nd which during the devonian was in the southern hemisphere arid zone. this direct record of la  these spores we can compare this direct climate record to the borehole from russia together wit  hat cool aridity was a cause of the f/f mass extinction.
11388	11	nductivity of mantle minerals affects a wide range of fundamental earth processes. it controls    core and the generation of the earth s magnetic field. thermal conductivity determines how qui  mal conductivity determines how quickly subducting slabs warm up as they are subducted into the  determines how quickly subducting slabs warm up as they are subducted into the lower mantle. th   warm up as they are subducted into the lower mantle. this then affects how visible they are to  is then affects how visible they are to seismic waves, and more importantly, how much they cont  ntly, how much they contribute to plate-driving forces and mantle convection in general. the ba   contribute to plate-driving forces and mantle convection in general. the balance between condu   mgsio3 perovksite is the most abundant mineral phase on the earth and yet there is only one se  opose to use a combination of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations with new experimental te  hermal conductivites for the three main lower mantle minerals. we will do this for all appropri
10874	1	populations face additional risks from emerging diseases. approximately 60,000 bumblebee colon
11239	14	the study of past sea level is of great interest to researchers seeking t  king to understand the earth s climate. sea level is a proxy for the amount of water locked up   mount of water locked up on the land as ice sheets. the study of sea level therefore can tell u  on the land as ice sheets. the study of sea level therefore can tell us about the past state of  out the past state of the climate - low sea levels reflect colder, glacial, periods in earth hi   glacial, periods in earth history when ice sheets were larger; high sea levels reflect warmer,  th history when ice sheets were larger; high sea levels reflect warmer, interglacial, intervals  story when ice sheets were larger; high sea levels reflect warmer, interglacial, intervals. our   intervals. our knowledge of how modern ice sheets will respond to anthropogenic warming is not  he most important questions surrounding ice sheet behaviour is the determination of collapse ra  g, which will influence future rates of sea level rise. one way to approach this question is to  is question is to examine past rates of sea level rise associated with known periods of ice she  l rise associated with known periods of ice sheets collapse under the non-anthropogenic conditi  provide an indirect measurement of past sea level and therefore answering questions about how .
12636	1	ependent on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil being maintained. how
11740	5	f critical importance to scientists and policy makers at national and international levels. ant  warming could result in elevated bottom-water temperatures in continental margin settings, resu  n elevated bottom-water temperatures in continental margin settings, resulting in clathrate dis  eric methane concentrations. similarly, global warming will likely cause increased precipitatio  the amazon and congo river fans. as the catchment areas of these rivers cover vast portions of
15313	1	decomposition of biomass at relatively low temperatures
12730	4	proposals are invited for research projects to address knowledge gaps which have   riorities identified by uk biodiversity action plan working groups http://www.ukbap.org.uk/sign  entified by uk biodiversity action plan working groups http://www.ukbap.org.uk/signposting.aspx  nerships between nsss and universities, research institutes or other bodies with research capab
11201	6	the snow leopard is one of the most endangered of the big c  rd is one of the most endangered of the big cats. in 2002, the world s leading snow leopard con   big cats. in 2002, the world s leading snow leopard conservationists joined in drafting a snow  d conservationists joined in drafting a snow leopard survival strategy. the most pressing infor   patterns. due to their cryptic nature, snow leopards are rarely seen, hence, population estima  e study area. these data are crucial to conservation efforts.
2531	3	we aim to develop key elements of an operational ecosystem model framewor  migration cost in a life-history energy trade-off in both cod and herring. the egg-fitness will  ion investment which can be placed in a population dynamics context interacting with fisheries
471	3	ow organisms to move among habitats and local populations, but their functionality has rarely b  ed for effective dispersal by assessing gene flow to a simple model, using metapopulation viabi  odel, using metapopulation viability as dependent variable.
13801	3	of habitat configuration, i.e. size of target sites vs size of surrounding grazed sites, and t  nd is intended as a phd programme where financial support for salary costs for the phd-student   phd-student is applied only for the two first years. the programme goals are highly relevant fo
15066	1	iterranean.presence of a.franciscana as invasive species. implications, supported by mec for th
12263	6	he uk government is committed to a more sustainable agriculture. wheat is grown on a larger are  to nue which occur independent of total protein content in the harvested grain - a detailed exp  il based traits - archiving of grain at low temperature from the main trait experiments over th  including representatives of the key uk research groups and breeders. they ensure the project a  ommunicated to the wider scientific and end user communities, via a web site, a newsletter, a s  entific and end user communities, via a web site, a newsletter, a stakeholder forum, focused me
13707	4	since the 90:s mainly with the help of radio collars. these instruments have become increasing  . genetics is a central field of study. every time a wolf is immobilized in order to have a rad   wolf is immobilized in order to have a radio collar or a new battery in the old one, dna-sampl  • håkan sand who leads the swedish wolf research project • the wolf ulrik which is alpha male i
14827	4	ent and simple way. seeds are stored at low temperature and with low water content. nowadays th   stored at low temperature and with low water content. nowadays there is controversy about whic  ection of several wild species in their natural habitats; to study the germination behaviour un   related to temperature and equilibrium relative humidity; to establish best storage protocols
10320	9	ent in society. humans are changing the natural world, with only a basic understanding of the l  understanding how clearing or modifying natural habitats will impact the processes that normall  with project safe: stability of altered forest ecosystems . safe has negotiated that, when a la   region of rainforest is cleared for an oil palm plantation during 2011, carefully chosen patch  ure biodiversity loss in partly cleared natural habitat, a simple mathematical formula is most   atial arrangement of the rainforest and oil palm plays a role. furthermore, many rainforest spe  re, many rainforest species can live in oil palm so this is not the same as total habitat destr  g skills and experience. i believe that computer simulations such as the ones i propose will ha  nes i propose will have an increasingly important role in future research into ecology and cons
2170	11	tissues without causing injuries to the host plant are endophytes and appear to be ubiquitous.   l ecological importance. results from a pilot study indicate a remarkably high diversity of end  y high diversity of endophytic fungi in boreal forest bryophytes. nothing of this immense diver  ationship between the endophyte and the host plant play a pivotal role for the function of bore  the endophyte and the host plant play a pivotal role for the function of boreal forest ecosyste  play a pivotal role for the function of boreal forest ecosystems because bryophytes make up a l  pivotal role for the function of boreal forest ecosystems because bryophytes make up a large pa   make up a large part of the biomass in boreal forests. the project is motivated for four main   that effects of anthropogenic impact on boreal forests are mediated via the relationship betwee  ves, and species-specific endophytes in boreal forest bryophytes have an unknown, but potential   high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids , which are not produced by plants, but by
11315	2	range of species and secondly there are laboratory investigations of capacities to cope with ch   and utilise more rapid change than the vast majority of natural environmental change either ob
2050	2	hern species is expected as a result of global warming. paradoxically, however, the svalbard po  o and tromsø and forms part of a larger research effort to strengthen international collaborati
15164	3	lity of wild populations and the unique biological characteristics of these fishes. the first i  he study includes genetic support, with genetic diversity and parentage analyses, usefull in fu   analyses, usefull in future broodstock reorganization plans. finally, more essential informati
9915	1	s the balance of human pressures versus biological characteristics in explaining the distributi
13858	3	up agroforestry is crucial to increase food production and reduce poverty in sub-saharan afric  types. to meet the overall objective of disease control, research will be directed to the follo  and regional scales; mode of spread and host range, including threats to other agroforestry tre
10445	1	this project develops a high resolution multibeam echosounding system for deter
11729	1	this project develops a high resolution multibeam echosounding system for deter
10846	4	c frontier environmental network of oil/gas companies operating on the atlantic continental mar  gas companies operating on the atlantic continental margin and geotek ltd is requested to analy  ral variability so that impacts on deep-sea bed biodiversity from industrialisation of this phy  ples by continuing the w shetland slope time series.
15589	1	ponds and shallow lakes have played a key role in the development of theory on regime shifts
6720	2	ion with high marketable yield and long shelf life. variety protection, the possibility of accu  ection, the possibility of accumulation resistance genes, increased early and total yield, as w
13711	1	in climate and top predators may impact ecosystem structures.
13888	6	pelagic food web ecology has long been the major paradigm in th  jor paradigm in the study of whole lake ecosystem dynamics. however, pelagic food webs might be  ke ecosystem dynamics. however, pelagic food webs might be highly influenced by benthic subsidi  bsidies in which mobile fish may play a key role. the aim with this proposal is to examine the   o examine the role of fish for coupling food web dynamics across habitats by focusing on the in   environmental disturbances will affect food web dynamics in lake ecosystems.
6755	2	nd 6 the structure and the stability of food webs. the common point in these six topics is the   space and topological structure play an important role.
10786	1	of the whole population through cell-to-cell signalling.
11848	1	of the whole population through cell-to-cell signalling.
2157	3	er eutrophication. despite considerable research efforts, the bloom forming capacity of cyanoba  ch by considering the lately discovered co-occurrence of distinct ecotypes within cyanobacteria  al methods, allowing for the first time field studies at ecotype level, will be established and
12432	4	ding framework to tackle the dangers of climate change. the climate change act received royal a  ckle the dangers of climate change. the climate change act received royal assent on 26 november  ernment meets its commitments to tackle climate change, and this includes the establishment of   ion policy in the uk. specifically, the climate change act requires that a national adaptation
10637	2	here is increasing recognition that the scientific community at large would benefit from the de  towards the creation of significant new research tools and will facilitate future comparative g
1966	2	climate changes is expected to have a major influence o   which species and communities react to climate change.
10903	10	vel, which may flood nesting beaches at crucial times. in the yasuni national park in the ecuad  beaches at crucial times. in the yasuni national park in the ecuadorian amazon, bush meat hunti  olivia, the availability and quality of irrigation water depends strongly on mountain wetland m  ement, and is potentially threatened by global climate change. these are striking examples of m  and is potentially threatened by global climate change. these are striking examples of many sit   module deals with the development of a user interface to evaluate models, identify model failu  s and reject models. heavily relying on public domain software, open standards and existing vo   cient and highly tailored environmental data analysis and simulation. this platform will be ava   available immediately for the selected case studies, thus enabling direct poverty alleviation   research results will optimally benefit ongoing research in this area.
11801	10	vel, which may flood nesting beaches at crucial times. in the yasuni national park in the ecuad  beaches at crucial times. in the yasuni national park in the ecuadorian amazon, bush meat hunti  olivia, the availability and quality of irrigation water depends strongly on mountain wetland m  ement, and is potentially threatened by global climate change. these are striking examples of m  and is potentially threatened by global climate change. these are striking examples of many sit   module deals with the development of a user interface to evaluate models, identify model failu  s and reject models. heavily relying on public domain software, open standards and existing vo   cient and highly tailored environmental data analysis and simulation. this platform will be ava   available immediately for the selected case studies, thus enabling direct poverty alleviation   research results will optimally benefit ongoing research in this area.
10757	4	planktonic environment a whole range of environmental factors may affect the quality of larvae.  duce more accurate models to understand population dynamics. in the face of global change a gen  red to enable appropriate management of natural resources. the fact that failures of recruitmen  s suggests that larval processes play a central role in population maintenance. however, the un
11265	4	planktonic environment a whole range of environmental factors may affect the quality of larvae.  duce more accurate models to understand population dynamics. in the face of global change a gen  red to enable appropriate management of natural resources. the fact that failures of recruitmen  s suggests that larval processes play a central role in population maintenance. however, the un
13534	4	hment at higher latitudes than today. a central question for broadleaved forest restoration as   st restoration as a response to changed land use and/or climate change is whether the forest fl  s a response to changed land use and/or climate change is whether the forest flora is able to c  skåne between 1990 and 1995 now offer a unique opportunity to study migration rates for a consi
11298	3	form of methane. methane is a powerful greenhouse gas that accounts for about 20% of the incre  ay an important dual role in the global carbon cycle, being both the largest natural methane so  ious studies; and the particularly high added value that it offers because it builds directly u
13977	3	ssential for the uptake of nutrients by boreal forest trees. the fungi also form a major compon  . the project will help verify that the long term negative effects of fertilisation may fortuna  ect will help verify that the long term negative effects of fertilisation may fortunately be li
12769	3	acceptable methods are becoming fewer, public opposition is often pronounced and this approach  ividuals resulting in increased risk of disease transmission. fertility control would, in princ  ing and thus be less likely to increase disease transmission. 3. fertility control could reduce
2509	3	xic algae; taxonomy, quantification and early warning. toxalgaeharmful algal blooms and use the  science. monitoring of harmful algae in coastal waters is important in assessing the potential   resent most monitoring programs rely on light microscopy cell counts. by developing and taking
14471	3	h organisms would lead to an escalating arms race which would likely vary geographically accord  leterious effects on mice body mass and water balance do mice eliminate detoxification by-produ  alance do mice eliminate detoxification by-products as a con
15307	3	nobacteria, as primary producers with a key role in the c and n cycles, are at the base of the    c and n cycles, are at the base of the food webs and any detrimental effect on this group may   ena pbg2001a that expresses the calcium binding protein apoequorin. recording and analysis of t
15048	4	environmental risk assessment requires the use of effic                            environmental risk assessment requires the use of efficient and sensi  nd demographic analyses of differential gene expression profiles, biochemical, phenotypic and p  ools that can be used to aid management-decision making by improving the predictive capability
6762	2	id phase microextraction in the area of trace element speciation. the task is to work out such   race element speciation. the task is to work out such a solid phase microextraction technique,
11598	3	the uplands of exmoor national park receive a considerable proportion of the   f improving the quality and quantity of water supplies. amongst the numerous benefits of mire r   atmosphere to cause a net reduction in global warming potential . the motivation is to establi
10574	7	ame time, the most recent generation of climate models suggest that climate change will have dr  neration of climate models suggest that climate change will have dramatic consequences in the r  rest is threatened by drying out as the water balance in the region changes. this not only has   also emits large quantities of volatile organic compounds and, probably, ammonia, which react i  eeded to parametrise these processes in climate models to improve the rebustness of future clim  els to improve the rebustness of future climate predictions. previous measurements with the res  ictions. previous measurements with the research programme large-scale biosphere-atmosphere exp
11876	7	ame time, the most recent generation of climate models suggest that climate change will have dr  neration of climate models suggest that climate change will have dramatic consequences in the r  rest is threatened by drying out as the water balance in the region changes. this not only has   also emits large quantities of volatile organic compounds and, probably, ammonia, which react i  eeded to parametrise these processes in climate models to improve the rebustness of future clim  els to improve the rebustness of future climate predictions. previous measurements with the res  ictions. previous measurements with the research programme large-scale biosphere-atmosphere exp
11437	1	ity, and whether they may have affected host ranges and host utilisation strategies of parasito
10991	4	burial of organic matter . the two sites also have strongly contr  gly contrasting benthic communities and physical conditions, but include fauna targeted in the   analysis of some specimens for labelled amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. the ythan estuar  of in situ experiments conducted on the continental margin of the arabian sea, as part of a jap
9870	4	burial of organic matter . the two sites also have strongly contr  gly contrasting benthic communities and physical conditions, but include fauna targeted in the   analysis of some specimens for labelled amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. the ythan estuar  of in situ experiments conducted on the continental margin of the arabian sea, as part of a jap
7263	1	after an encouraging pilot study, we propose to develop and validate an inno
11112	3	e in global oceanic productivity and/or organic carbon preservation potential oaes are hence im   in regulating the short- and long-term carbon cycle, and subsequently co2 levels in the oceans  and their subsequent role in the global carbon cycle.
2506	1	g hotspots for evolution, and model the build-up of genomic and reproductive isolation along th
15434	2	this proposal is at the front line of the most innovative research in the field   the fields of conservation and applied evolutionary biology by using an integrative approach m
11852	3	vertheless, balancing environmental and economic goals is difficult, and win-win solutions will  solutions will allow me to quantify the trade-offs between immediate human needs and nature con  ical step in addressing the call by the international community, articulated in the rio convent
14218	8	volution of hosts and parasites – or of host plants and herbivores – creates major selective fo  of organisms. the study of life-history trade-offs is of special interest in this context as th  and herbivores. however, there are many unanswered questions in the field of defense-related tr  estions in the field of defense-related trade-offs, from the methods of detecting trade-offs to  ade-offs, from the methods of detecting trade-offs to the specific factors that affect these tr   the specific factors that affect these trade-offs. the magnitude of negative genotypic correla   reliable evidence for the existence of trade-offs. however, this approach does not prevent the  gardless of the existence or absence of trade-offs. moreover, some plant traits , as well as he
2482	7	tter understand and mitigate effects of global warming, eutrophication and fisheries. contempor  models a limited number of bulk-biomass functional groups; typically two phytoplankton , or alt  more dynamic, with a broad continuum of functional groups competing for limited resources throu   the dominant forms and biodiversity of marine ecosystems are variables, not rigid parameters a  mmunity and ecosystem models must allow functional groups to be predictions from and not input    such as empirically derived growth and mortality rates. in modelling parlance, the theories of  g to fundamental rules. the traditional functional group approach will be replaced by a trait-b
12031	3	tation to toxic resources and biotic or abiotic stress, or plant developmental traits. main res  ented. finally, seqqual, a pipeline for genomic data processing integrating nucleotide quality   inally, seqqual, a pipeline for genomic data processing integrating nucleotide quality was deve
15168	4	nce, know as espinal, the landscape and management structures of which are similar to spanish d  imilar to spanish ones, and most of the invasive species are associated with this cultural scen  is, we propose that the environment and land uses have acted differentially in the colonisation   analysing ecological palaeobotanic and genetic factors and processes at different spatial and
1991	2	focuses on the consequences of loss of genetic variation . by integrating both fields the opti   this chip for genome wide screening of gene expression differences in response to inbreeding l
15471	3	light-signal transduction, through phytochromes, and its inte  termediates which amplify and transduce light signals. this project focuses on the roles of nit  s. this project focuses on the roles of nitric oxide in this legume, in order to corroborate th
10043	4	address this knowledge gap and take the first steps to identifiying how changes to the farming    and policy the development of a 3-year research proposal allowing the partnership to investiga  ip to investigatefectively the proposed research theme. key outcomes of this proposal will be:    will be: - joint publications based on pilot studies in selected pilot areas of niger and/or b
15226	3	pathogens play an important role in the regulation of wild populations. h  ild populations. however, the impact of environmental factors and individual characteristics on  ll test the impact of pathogens on host survival rates and the relationship between mhc composi
13872	5	ging a large number of species of avian malaria parasites to breeding areas in n europe. most o  with the large number of tropical avian malaria parasites each year knocking on the door, sugge  ing on the door, suggests that tropical malaria parasites, rarely but regularly, will establish  ish in northern europe. with increasing summer temperatures due to ongoing climatic change, thi  al malaria species to resident european bird populations. in this project we will combine expli
13591	2	r strong human modification in 15 other bird species. last i will test whether survival rate or   bird species. last i will test whether survival rate or reproduction drives a demographic sink
12176	1	ure this valuable visual and ecological habitat component.
209	3	influence of ecological conditions and human activity rate to the diversity of bryophyte and v  inundation periods have formed specific plant community structure on meadows, which is sensitiv  lain grasslands at alam-pedja and endla nature reserves, and coastal meadows of west-estonia an
12450	2	effects of environmental parameters and human activities on those indicators using data on the   ted by anthropogenic changes, including climate change, to the coastal environment. provide ins
11548	1	pes, phytoplankton photo-physiology and analytical chemistry. the student will be actively enco
15523	3	this project has two facets, basic research in the field of herbivory under conditio  so be meant to detect possible signs of climate change. also, we will carry out a comparative s  n order to determine any differences in social group structure and trophic behaviour, along wit
13720	1	ic cascades, propagating throughout the food web. it may thereby affect lake ecosystem composit
13440	10	inuation of work during 2008-2009 where food web structure among soil fauna, mainly collembola,  d by different amounts and qualities of organic matter and different crops and cultivation inte  vation intensity - is the soil organism food web more stable and resilient in agricultural soil   agricultural soils with high levels of organic matter than in depleted soil - which species an  h species and groups live from the dead organic matter the composition of the soil fauna will b  ion. microorganisms will be analyzed by fatty acid analysis plfa. trophic relations will be ana  trophic relations will be analyzed with mass spectrometer analyze of stable isotope ration of 1  /12c and 15n/14n in soil animals and in fatty acids that are markers of different microorganism  ld experiments with different levels of organic fertilizer application and soil cultivation the   of the isotope be followed through the food web.
11757	1	mined for components of the zooplankton food chain collected during phase 2 marine productivity
11288	10	centrations. our study area is the oman continental margin, here the omz impinges on the sedime  ts, which when they sink and die form a food source for the sediment faunal community. addition  these bacteria also provide a potential food source for the sediment community. the bacteria ca   fauna to graze on. the balance between food sources and oxygen concentrations is likely to be   structure. we intend to investigate the food sources available to the sediment community and to  xygen concentrations are low, bacterial food sources may play an important role in trophic dyna  low, bacterial food sources may play an important role in trophic dynamics and where oxygen is   s and where oxygen is high the dominant food source will be the microscopic plants. we have a u  ll be the microscopic plants. we have a unique opportunity to study the impact of enhanced hypo  pment of chemosynthesis and a potential food source for the benthic animals. we will compare th
14517	3	tial quantitative trophic limitation of deciduous leaf litter on benthic macroinvertebrates, co  ested semiarid streams; contribute with experimental data to the knowledge on the potential qua  e two types of streams; contribute with experimental data to the knowledge on the potential qua
14467	2	. the results will be used for pressure-impact analyses, describing the responses of the biolog  d to: increase the qualification of the research team of young scientists; stimulate the introd
13579	2	ints on secondary production in aquatic food webs with autotrophic and detrital resource bases.  ntify the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids how does the pufa content of food affect th
10157	9	s of latent and sensible heat exchange, rain forest and savanna also exert large, yet different  rt large, yet different, effects on the global climate. we have a limited understanding of thei  ve distributions, other factors such as soil conditions, fire and disturbances such as grazing   ead to the irreplaceable replacement of tropical forest with savanna, this then feeding back on  nd mass balances - thereby accelerating global warming and tropical drying. significant transit  . this will be achieved by a model-data development program involving field campaigns with loca  te/soil/disturbance associations in key hot spot rainforest/savanna transition zones. comprehen  iated climatic feedbacks and the future global climate. we anticipate this will lead to a funda  provement in our ability to predict the global climate of the 21st century.
10174	9	s of latent and sensible heat exchange, rain forest and savanna also exert large, yet different  rt large, yet different, effects on the global climate. we have a limited understanding of thei  ve distributions, other factors such as soil conditions, fire and disturbances such as grazing   ead to the irreplaceable replacement of tropical forest with savanna, this then feeding back on  nd mass balances - thereby accelerating global warming and tropical drying. significant transit  . this will be achieved by a model-data development program involving field campaigns with loca  te/soil/disturbance associations in key hot spot rainforest/savanna transition zones. comprehen  iated climatic feedbacks and the future global climate. we anticipate this will lead to a funda  provement in our ability to predict the global climate of the 21st century.
10426	9	s of latent and sensible heat exchange, rain forest and savanna also exert large, yet different  rt large, yet different, effects on the global climate. we have a limited understanding of thei  ve distributions, other factors such as soil conditions, fire and disturbances such as grazing   ead to the irreplaceable replacement of tropical forest with savanna, this then feeding back on  nd mass balances - thereby accelerating global warming and tropical drying. significant transit  . this will be achieved by a model-data development program involving field campaigns with loca  te/soil/disturbance associations in key hot spot rainforest/savanna transition zones. comprehen  iated climatic feedbacks and the future global climate. we anticipate this will lead to a funda  provement in our ability to predict the global climate of the 21st century.
11426	9	s of latent and sensible heat exchange, rain forest and savanna also exert large, yet different  rt large, yet different, effects on the global climate. we have a limited understanding of thei  ve distributions, other factors such as soil conditions, fire and disturbances such as grazing   ead to the irreplaceable replacement of tropical forest with savanna, this then feeding back on  nd mass balances - thereby accelerating global warming and tropical drying. significant transit  . this will be achieved by a model-data development program involving field campaigns with loca  te/soil/disturbance associations in key hot spot rainforest/savanna transition zones. comprehen  iated climatic feedbacks and the future global climate. we anticipate this will lead to a funda  provement in our ability to predict the global climate of the 21st century.
11711	9	s of latent and sensible heat exchange, rain forest and savanna also exert large, yet different  rt large, yet different, effects on the global climate. we have a limited understanding of thei  ve distributions, other factors such as soil conditions, fire and disturbances such as grazing   ead to the irreplaceable replacement of tropical forest with savanna, this then feeding back on  nd mass balances - thereby accelerating global warming and tropical drying. significant transit  . this will be achieved by a model-data development program involving field campaigns with loca  te/soil/disturbance associations in key hot spot rainforest/savanna transition zones. comprehen  iated climatic feedbacks and the future global climate. we anticipate this will lead to a funda  provement in our ability to predict the global climate of the 21st century.
11712	9	s of latent and sensible heat exchange, rain forest and savanna also exert large, yet different  rt large, yet different, effects on the global climate. we have a limited understanding of thei  ve distributions, other factors such as soil conditions, fire and disturbances such as grazing   ead to the irreplaceable replacement of tropical forest with savanna, this then feeding back on  nd mass balances - thereby accelerating global warming and tropical drying. significant transit  . this will be achieved by a model-data development program involving field campaigns with loca  te/soil/disturbance associations in key hot spot rainforest/savanna transition zones. comprehen  iated climatic feedbacks and the future global climate. we anticipate this will lead to a funda  provement in our ability to predict the global climate of the 21st century.
7287	4	he response of tropical tree species to climate change remains unclear. one approach is to expl  e propose to evaluate the potential for climate change adaptation of plant lineages building on  daptation of plant lineages building on ongoing research projects. we will contact the concerte  n of plant lineages building on ongoing research projects. we will contact the concerted change
10242	1	llutant. the total cost of the proposed research programme is approximately £600,000.
11257	1	llutant. the total cost of the proposed research programme is approximately £600,000.
11736	1	llutant. the total cost of the proposed research programme is approximately £600,000.
9966	1	llutant. the total cost of the proposed research programme is approximately £600,000.
9822	2	e increasingly modifying and exploiting natural habitats. populations of wild animals are conse  ilosophy is underpinned by national and international legislation, and by activities of governm
2489	3	ogenous drivers such as climate and the global economy need to be controlled for as they may in  lored. how the use of regulations/nepi, property rights and civil participation, as well as the  ticipation, as well as the economic and human development is related to direct drivers is inves
10545	7	ion is the basis of much of the oceanic food chain. the energy fixed by phytoplankton is transf  higher consumers. the efficiency of the energy transfer between producer and consumer reflects   deficient. through sinking, particulate organic matter , the biochemistry of the zooplankton an  ankton and larger animals living in the deep sea and at the sea floor. we will also carry out i  imals living in the deep sea and at the sea floor. we will also carry out incubation experiment  o assess how micro-organisms break down organic matter in the twilight zone and how and whether  and whether large animals living at the sea floor are able to react to an influx of pom.
13815	1	to implement biodiversity conservation policies a tool-box has been developed in
10710	1	lly so numerous that each species has a fair chance of being distributed to all parts of the wo
10749	1	lly so numerous that each species has a fair chance of being distributed to all parts of the wo
12678	3	contractor will develop an indicator of genetic diversity in farm animals at uk and country lev  op an indicator of genetic diversity in farm animals at uk and country levels. they will then c  ey will then consult the scientific and policy making community, refine as required and finalis
12257	1	e only lowland, mixed-agriculture farm. data collection will continue at drayton during the yea
12389	1	ntributory marine objectives, produce a final draft for sign off of the ukmmas delivery plan, a
12384	2	t marine monitoring programmes. to date working groups for fish, ocean function and human activ  ing groups for fish, ocean function and human activities have been established, however a gap e
12052	2	y, soil science, geochemistry, genetic, molecular biology and physiology, microbiology, mycolog  fungus diversity notably through two 52 documentary films: l’ile nickel and jai marché sur la t
205	1	ents from the bore cores drilled in the sea bottom, will be studied.
10194	3	d biological models. this will increase environmental scientists and biologists awareness of te  designed to illustrate and identify the key issues. 3. to organise a number of small group work  re detailed and informal discussion can take place. 4. to provide an informal and constructive
11627	5	this is a proposal for long term funding to develop and apply novel techniques  te the use of uncertainty estimation in environmental policy and decision making. the applicati   estimation in environmental policy and decision making. the application areas will range from   oundwater transport, and the impacts of land use and climate change. the project will have a ma  nsport, and the impacts of land use and climate change. the project will have a major training
12275	2	uminant genetic improvement can play an important role in developing livestock systems that wil  shown the very high value of animal and plant genetics research and development in helping to d
7159	4	ies have shown that the consequences of global warming are already perceptible, particularly in  development cycles. study the impact of climate change on biodiversity necessarily involves a s  s. all of the findings of the impact of climate change comes into effect substantial database r  sitive species and groups of species to climate change and quune more complete analysis of the
12705	2	rmine the risks to bat populations from wind turbines in great britain. the project will invest  at mortality and activity at a range of wind turbine installations across great britain
10351	4	is produced via the interaction between cosmic ray particles and nitrogen in the upper atmosphe  osmic ray particles and nitrogen in the upper atmosphere. it is subsequently distributed throug  sphere and ocean, a dynamic terrestrial carbon cycle, and a detailed representation of the ocea   a detailed representation of the ocean carbon cycle, and is capable of multi-millennial simula
12262	7	concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, and diffuse pollution of wate                concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, and diffuse pollution of waterways have    land and the development of systems of land use and livestock production with reduced environm  dge their potential and suitability for take-up by future defra link and/or industrial partners  for take-up by future defra link and/or industrial partners. the outcomes of the research will   rch will assist uk farming in combating climate change and the uk in developing the appropriate  s from the more extreme consequences of climate change and the need for environmentally sustain
10223	2	s, while making water available for low-income groups and conservation needs. in peru, ecuador,  of agribusiness and mining. payment for environmental services by asking this question, we seek
11694	2	s, while making water available for low-income groups and conservation needs. in peru, ecuador,  of agribusiness and mining. payment for environmental services by asking this question, we seek
10831	9	response from o3 in the troposphere to climate change. tropospheric o3 is a greenhouse gas tha  to climate change. tropospheric o3 is a greenhouse gas that is produced by the photochemical ox  an-made hydrocarbons in the presence of nitrogen oxides. it is also an air pollutant that at el   that at elevated concentrations causes respiratory illnesses and reduced crop yields. one of t  f tropospheric o3 that will help tackle air quality problems and perhaps minimize its role in f  l ecosystems emit large quantities of a wide range of reactive hydrocarbons that help to drive   atial and temporal variability of these satellite data over different tropical ecosystems and d  enting the emission model into a larger computer model of the atmosphere, which includes chemic  model of the atmosphere, which includes chemical reactions in the air, is necessary to assess t
15533	2	ecially significant as a biogeochemical hot spot. in particular, riparian forests alter nitroge  h the stream, through processes such as nitrogen fixation .
15534	2	ecially significant as a biogeochemical hot spot. in particular, riparian forests alter nitroge  h the stream, through processes such as nitrogen fixation .
10400	1	riation in immunity and resistance to a wide range of parasites and pathogens.
10133	6	t, using it as an effective platform to reach people and subsequently inform them about the pro  ords, the text below could be a typical press release send out upon initiating the study. one o  ng birds such as cormorant, eider duck, herring gull and fulmar. tree mallow, lavatera arborea,  t of the uk, where it survided the last ice age and lives among other plant species in harmony.  become essential. once established, the negative effects of invasive plants on native plants an  hreat to global biodiversity, and their economic costs are estimated to be far in excess of $87
11596	1	see main project proposal ref m1409107
14189	11	growth rate of an organism is increasingly being treate  nism is increasingly being treated as a life history trait of its own right. there is evidence   s evidence accumulating that individual growth rate is not maximised within the limits set by p  ogical constraints but is maintained by natural selection at some optimal value. in insects, th  value. in insects, the benefits of high growth rate are easy to see. in contrast, despite of th   decades, the evidence of costs of high growth rate has remained fragmentary. we are currently   ell in which environments do particular selective pressures dominate. we need to take a more sy  gueness of the definition of individual growth rate. here we propose - in order to shed light o  in order to shed light on costs of high growth rate - to systematically study growth rates of l  h growth rate - to systematically study growth rates of lepidopteran larvae by means of both wi  in- and among-population comparisons of growth rate in a number of insect species. we will appl
14895	5	, which act as privileged indicators of marine habitats conservation. specifically, procellarif   analyze vectorial data on a geographic information system frame. 5. collaborative strategy. th  m frame. 5. collaborative strategy. the bottom line is that this kind of studies cannot be done  llaborate with a extremadura university spin-off company that will design, develop, and impleme  and methods from very disparate fields: remote sensing, dynamic databases, animal tracking, and
7668	6	coastal ecosystems host high human population densities             coastal ecosystems host high human population densities and are heavily modified. re  deforestation of mangrove for intensive shrimp farming has had ecological as well as livelihood   active involvement of stakeholders and policy makers using participatory modeling as a common    integrative platform will be of use to policy makers and practitioners on the field to engage   with communities in devising medium and long term management plans aiming at improving their re
13770	6	the understanding of plant dynamics in rural landscapes at large temporal and spatial scales.   ial scales. a major part of the swedish plant diversity is associated to the agricultural lands  e. the project also examines historical land use and its effect on current and future plant div  se and its effect on current and future plant diversity. compared to spatial issues, temporal p  lenges associated with species decline, land use scenarios will be modelled to predict risk of   biodiversity loss resulting from future land use changes.
10624	2	ntial for ecm fungi to influence forest carbon cycles has become clear. they play a fundamental  ed, may influence the carbon balance of forest ecosystems and have important feedbacks on nutri
12680	3	will assess the importance of different habitat types and their availability within the landsca  and abundance of farmland, woodland and water birds. it will make recommendations for land use   birds. it will make recommendations for land use policy and practices required to increase the
11292	8	ng in response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels. such r  eric carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels. such rapid environmental change is likely  of carbonate, bicarbonate and dissolved carbon dioxide and ph in the surface ocean, which is ch  quence of rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. organisms which produce external calciu  oxide. organisms which produce external calcium carbonate skeletons, such as foraminifera and c  ean acidification because it lowers the critical concentration of carbonate on which these orga  on, are unique in that they precipitate calcium carbonate , and h+ fluxes underlying coccolitho  colithophore calcification. longer-term continuous culture experiments will be established to a
11485	4	genetically such that they differ from one another in measurable traits. a simplistic model of  gle generation, its success over longer time frames is more debatable. one likely reason for as  traint upon how they evolve. this is an important issue because it is central to understanding   nisms will be able to adapt to changing global climates we need to understand how observed vari
11586	2	re amongst the rarest of all plants yet conservation efforts are made more difficult by a funda  evolving plants, comprising the largest plant family with over 20,000 species worldwide. rapid
11503	6	al diversity can arise from very little genetic diversity. to understand how this occurs, biolo  vances developed in biomedical science, gene expression research now provides unprecedented opp  closely related and genetically similar animal species can be so different in appearance and be  nce and behaviour. my research examines gene expression in the hair follicles of primates to un  esearch examines gene expression in the hair follicles of primates to understand the genetic ba  their expression patterns is an obvious first step to understanding how pigmentation influences
10065	1	the rate of increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide programmes.
11599	6	prolonged period of unusually warm and dry weather that led to flammable vegetation, dry peat   g combustion in layers of peat releases significant amounts of fossil carbon and can have a pro  e also associated with a range of other environmental impacts such as increased soil erosion. d  environmental impacts such as increased soil erosion. despite the serious environmental consequ   peatlands. for this reason there is an urgent need to ensure we develop sustainable management  rbon stores. this research will play an important role in beginning to fill this fundamental kn
12647	1	and •to evaluate survey strategies and data collection methods for seabed habitats. two priori
15330	1	o increase in the future as a result of climate change, particularly in water-limited regions s
12726	4	proposals are invited for research projects to address knowledge gaps which have   riorities identified by uk biodiversity action plan working groups http://www.ukbap.org.uk/sign  entified by uk biodiversity action plan working groups http://www.ukbap.org.uk/signposting.aspx  nerships between nsss and universities, research institutes or other bodies with research capab
12731	4	proposals are invited for research projects to address knowledge gaps which have   riorities identified by uk biodiversity action plan working groups http://www.ukbap.org.uk/sign  entified by uk biodiversity action plan working groups http://www.ukbap.org.uk/signposting.aspx  nerships between nsss and universities, research institutes or other bodies with research capab
12701	1	mpering progress under the biodiversity action plan, with emphasis on the less well-known speci
12724	1	mpering progress under the biodiversity action plan, with emphasis on the less well-known speci
14361	3	thus develop a method to monitor at the long term 100% of the sites in such a way that the worl   different sites. result in addition to scientific publications, the main output of the unesco-  he wold heritage sites containing humid tropical forests. -------------------------------------
13927	6	vered as highly important actors in the marine environments and as some are able to fix atmosph  s nodularia, and may be responsible for nitrogen fixation rates observed in the dark in the sou   approaches such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis , fluorescence in situ hybridizatio   fluorescence in situ hybridization and real time-rt-pcr, based on conserved genes such as 16s   ion will be focused on nitrogen fixers, gas chromatography/acetylene reduction and mass spectro  r assays will also be used to determine nitrogen fixation activities. all these data will enabl
1964	4	it is well recognized that microbial diversity is enormous, and that only less tha   studies have addressed one of the most burning questions in microbial ecology: how does nature  ting bacterial populations that play an important role in the sulfur cycle, the sulfate reducin  concepts and methods from microbiology, molecular biology and ecology to investigate the divers
14222	4	dge about the historical development of plant communities is highly important for understanding  ng-term community development is also a key issue for planning the protection of natural and se   are: to evaluate existing biodiversity conservation policies in the light of knowledge about p  olicies in the light of knowledge about plant community development.
10313	7	nown how common environmentally induced epigenetic changes are in natural populations, what kin   how long they last. it also remains an open question whether long-term and cross-generational   ghout their lives. long-term studies of great tits show that stress to embryos or nestlings has  as nutritional stress have on human and laboratory animals. this means that great tits can be u  and laboratory animals. this means that great tits can be used as a model system for understand  ds - i.e., showing whether results from laboratory studies are ecologically relevant. in the lo  udies are ecologically relevant. in the long run, this will allow us to test hypotheses regardi
12603	1	te in policy terms; and ii defining the next steps for evidence gathering, policy development a
10579	3	d on the possibility that disruption of reproductive systems by pollutants may be reducing the   stems by pollutants may be reducing the reproductive health of many wildlife populations, and p  many wildlife populations, and possibly human populations too. exposure to one group of chemica
11555	2	n pelagic waters. work conducted by our research group at sams supports this hypothesis. we hav  erstood. we will conduct research using different approaches including phytoplankton culture st
11571	3	lity is one of the major transitions in evolutionary biology. the key testing-grounds for theor   independent reproduction still exists. social groups of polistes paper wasps comprise groups o  still exists. social groups of polistes paper wasps comprise groups of females in which one dom
15231	2	sidered genomic parasites engaged in an arms race with the host standard b effects on the inter  the decrease in the amount of the hsp70 heat shock protein, that we have recently observed, is
12476	1	costs of delivering the uk biodiversity action plan, and the current levels of funding for the
15277	1	the information system on ibero-macaronesian vegetation in
15278	1	the information system on ibero-macaronesian vegetation in
15279	1	the information system on ibero-macaronesian vegetation in
14221	1	ipment, methods for fisheries field and laboratory studies
14335	2	university, royal belgian institute of natural sciences, institute of nature and forest resear  such that duplicates can be removed and quality control on sites can be performed.
6809	1	ant and vertebrate remains, - study the fossil soils for paleoclimate and water budget, - sedim
15526	8	er resources. at the same time, iberian freshwater fish form a highly imperiled group, with man  blishment of invasive fish. there is an urgent need to integrate human demand of water resource  the maintenance of the functionality of river systems and the conservation of their biodiversit  amming on river ecosystems, focusing on river fish communities; and ii the development of usefu  n the impacts of different pressures on freshwater fish has used correlative approaches. with t  will be studied through the analysis of current flow regimes and their deviation from natural p  regimes to different characteristics of freshwater fish communities, including the dominance of  communities, including the dominance of invasive species and their biotic integrity. the findin
11725	6	urban areas are often regarded as being of little impor   of little importance for biodiversity, conservation effort instead being directed at rural hab   detail the blackbird s colonisation of urban areas across europe since the earliest records in  igin, with subsequent spread into other urban areas by the dispersal of urban-adapted blackbird  arasites. differences between urban and rural populations will be assessed in order to determin  essed in order to determine whether the selective pressures operating on blackbirds differ cons
15581	15	the majority of the human population lives in cities and more than 75% in e  are facing enormous challenges, such as climate change and transformation to a future beyond fo  e and transformation to a future beyond fossil fuels. ecosystems may play an important role in   nd fossil fuels. ecosystems may play an important role in facilitating this transformation. eco  tion. ecosystems provide flexibility in urban landscapes and help build adaptive capacity to co  with problems such as increased risk of heat waves and flooding. to address these challenges, u  ese challenges, urban social-ecological systems analyses represent an emerging promising resear  nalyses represent an emerging promising research field but where big knowledge gaps are, howeve  gns and applications. we will develop a tool box intended to promote sustainable management of    impact of growth and/or decline-driven land use change on ecosystem functioning and urban ecos  diversity and ecosystem services in the urban landscape how can monetary and non-monetary ecosy  evels of quality of life is questioned. climate change, natural resource shortage and patterns    of life is questioned. climate change, natural resource shortage and patterns of urban growth   line linked to demographic and economic structural change have revealed the narrow limits of th  licy arenas through a communication and training programme.
10542	4	ant repositories of biodiversity. their plant community can contain up to 40 species per square  erms of quantity or quality. the recent heavy rains of june and july 2007 leading to extensive   in summer 2007 was such that many waste-water treatment systems were overwhelmed and thus may a   of sediments immediately downstream of urban areas compared to previously collected winter sam
11770	10	damage to fragile species and habitats. marine reserves, or marine protected areas and other fr  fishing. for such species protection in marine reserves, which will maintain populations at a h  ted mpas. at this moment, only very few marine reserves exist in britain and around the world.   e world. therefore the creation of four marine reserves represents a unique opportunity to stud  on of four marine reserves represents a unique opportunity to study the effect of marine reserv  ique opportunity to study the effect of marine reserves on the abundance and recovery of bottom  ng areas by calculating the spread from tidal currents and by analysis of the dna of sea fans a   currents and by analysis of the dna of sea fans and scallops. our research will indicate if ma  scallops. our research will indicate if marine reserves are indeed an effective way to protect   imals recover from fishing and how many marine reserves are necessary to protect animals with d
9958	6	climate change is predicted to result in warmer, drier   and function of terrestrial ecosystems. human activities are also responsible for disturbing th  o responsible for disturbing the global nitrogen cycle; this has resulted in a diverse range of  ycling and carbon storage to changes in plant community composition. fire and nitrogen depositi   a recent, severe heathland fire at our long term nitrogen manipulation study site presents a u  ogen manipulation study site presents a unique opportunity to quantify interactions between the
9941	4	ut these bacteria as we can only grow a tiny fraction of them in the laboratory for study. deep  on of them in the laboratory for study. deep ocean sediments contain most of these deep biosphe  the surface and trying to study them at atmospheric pressure, which might kill the vast majorit  ospheric pressure, which might kill the vast majority of them. we have developed a system which
12055	11	anticipation of climate change effects on the environmental and sanitar  el for the study of the consequences of climate change. its colonies, made up of irritant larva  irritant larvae which may induce strong allergic reactions in man and hot-blooded domestic anim  lergic reactions in man and hot-blooded domestic animals, are expanding in both altitude and al  tude with winter warming up. thus, this pine forest pest is turning to an urban sanitary threat  ists, population geneticists, modelers, medical doctors and veterinarians, involving 12 teams o  d iii, to propose short- and long- term management methods in urban areas, including the mappin  t- and long- term management methods in urban areas, including the mapping of the areas at sani   and its ecological and sanitary impact molecular biology techniques, including the development  s, including the development of adapted genetic markers, were used to reconstruct the past hist   the cooperation between entomologists, medical doctors and veterinarians allowed comparing the
15133	1	compounds, and are able of degrading a wide range of recalcitrant compounds for the environmen
7248	1	the objectives of soil organic matter and is interested in the evolution of th
7405	2	we propose to verify that the genetic diversity contained in the wild and primary com   in the wild and primary compartment of durum wheat has been sent to the elite compartment thro
2097	3	maturation in male parr is a common life history in atlantic salmon, of importance for the   y, in which both mature males and large adult males of atlantic salmon are used to fertilize eg   them as broodstock and to increase the general knowledge of the significance of mature male pa
7252	11	set demanding targets for reduction of greenhouse gas. each member country committed to an emi  s for reduction of greenhouse gas. each member country committed to an emission reduction sched  as. each member country committed to an emission reduction schedule. carbon dioxide is particul  tted to an emission reduction schedule. carbon dioxide is particularly referred. its main produ  co2 emissions. beyond, in the rights of market development perspective to pollute, many researc  ans, they are the starting level of the food chain. some are also developing freshwater. limits  r routes should be considered priority: animal feed, fish, food, soil improvement, crop protect  .. by selected applications, additional experimental studies should be performed to quantify fo  fy for example, if one is interested in animal feed, the influence of the operating conditions   this study will be the realization of a pilot plant on site, in conjunction with an industrial   t plant on site, in conjunction with an industrial partner, the ability to visualize the proces
10825	1	ll mysterious effects of temperature on body size in ectotherms.
14786	9	anthropogenic sources of heavy metal contamination incl                 anthropogenic sources of heavy metal contamination include industrial manufactur  cal or biological transformation making heavy metal polluted soils a major environmental concer  ils a major environmental concern and a health hazard. the various conventional remediation tec  otechnology. in this context the use of heavy metal tolerant plants is being studied as a syste  d can therefore be of importance in the heavy metal availability and toxicity to plants. the in  strategies will be assessed. fungi from heavy metal rich natural soils or contaminated soils wi  ffects of these fungi on the growth and heavy metal uptake of plants, chosen for their use in p  toration procedures, will be evaluated. field trials will be established to validate the result
14483	5	the secretion of steroid hormones in mammals is related to sex and age a  especially appropriate for the study of endangered species. it enables animal populations to be  llection of faeces in the field without environmental degradation significantly affecting hormo  rmone level and the correlation between sexual behaviour and hormonal level in the different re  e two different patterns will show what environmental factors and action mechanisms affect repr
10696	1	satellite remote sensing will be used to provide support for the
15250	1	been assessed by means of hunting bags, distribution maps and through the revision of published
13827	5	lves expertise of feeding behaviour and self-selection by fish diet, with recent development of   geometrical frame work that provides a unique opportunity for combining these in a major new r  nity for combining these in a major new research initiative. the framework can then be used for  nt diets. by experimentally testing the self-selection of the combination of different macronut  f energy need and learning ability. the set-up and experimental protocol are based on our knowl
10548	7	the nerc/dfid/esrc espa research programme recognises climate change as a key d  esrc espa research programme recognises climate change as a key driver of change in ecosystems,  ll not have the skills and tools to use climate change information in espa research. through a   ties living in ecosystems vulnerable to climate change. there will be three activities. first,    will build the capacity of science and social science researchers to understand and use climat  heir livelihoods and raise awareness of climate change impacts in these communities using surve  nt of researchers will be encouraged by setting up a dual language, web-based espa climate netw
11324	7	the nerc/dfid/esrc espa research programme recognises climate change as a key d  esrc espa research programme recognises climate change as a key driver of change in ecosystems,  ll not have the skills and tools to use climate change information in espa research. through a   ties living in ecosystems vulnerable to climate change. there will be three activities. first,    will build the capacity of science and social science researchers to understand and use climat  heir livelihoods and raise awareness of climate change impacts in these communities using surve  nt of researchers will be encouraged by setting up a dual language, web-based espa climate netw
11854	5	the life history of a species is the set of traits that des  cies is the set of traits that describe real life histories are often much more complicated tha  is the set of traits that describe real life histories are often much more complicated than the   that have given us our current view of life history evolution. i use datasets in which individ  oviding a roadmap for analysing complex life histories in other systems. understanding how the
10878	1	gically and socially important european horse chestnut to determine the efficiency of phage as
15101	5	global climate change represents a major threat to biod                                   global climate change represents a major threat to biodiversit  onounced changes in distribution in the foreseeable future as a result of increasing temperatur  ategies for conservation in the face of climate change. habitat models, mathematical equations   e responses of species distributions to climate change.
13812	5	ave the highest species-richness in the rural landscape. today they are managed as isolated ent  management intensity. despite that past land use has been identified as being important for bio  s little research on where and how past land use have influence plant dispersal. the aim is to    plant dispersal. the aim is to analyse land use in the landscape and how this have, and will a  ill lead to recommendation for managing rural landscape not only grasslands. methods are: 1. hi
11078	2	global warming is occurring at an unprecedented rate in  xperiments that simulate the effects of climate warming.
10098	1	ty programme has supported more than 30 research projects to investigate the variety and functi
10513	1	ty programme has supported more than 30 research projects to investigate the variety and functi
11008	1	ty programme has supported more than 30 research projects to investigate the variety and functi
11519	1	ty programme has supported more than 30 research projects to investigate the variety and functi
11522	1	ty programme has supported more than 30 research projects to investigate the variety and functi
9987	1	ty programme has supported more than 30 research projects to investigate the variety and functi
11357	4	genetic record contains the effects of global climate change, human invasion, and the megafaun  c record contains the effects of global climate change, human invasion, and the megafaunal mass  emporal distribution of bison, caribou, brown bear and lion populations across the holarctic. t  s during the closing phases of the last ice age. data from russian and european specimens will
11730	1	ate on which other biological processes take place. censuses and experiment have shown that two
11609	2	cene. unfortunately, a poor terrestrial fossil record prior to the pliocene means there is litt   there is little direct evidence of the evolutionary history that led to a remarkable ecology d
12409	2	ated picture of litter abundance at the sea surface. the netherlands have a long term data set   the sea surface. the netherlands have a long term data set from 1979-2006. the group provided t
15022	1	h africa from the atlantic ocean to the red sea. the arabian desert occurs to the east of the s
9836	8	nt attempts to interpret the effects of global climate change hinge on the analysis of ice and   mpts to interpret the effects of global climate change hinge on the analysis of ice and sedimen   proxy record of the temperature of the sea surface in surrounding areas. consequently, it is d  sequently, it is difficult to move from sea surface temperatures to an understanding of how lan  temperatures to an understanding of how land animals and plants are affected by the changes app  tuations known as heinrich events, when fresh water sheets on the atlantic appear to alter curr   sheets on the atlantic appear to alter current flows. it is possible that short sharp climatic  uture effects of current trends such as global warming.
11063	8	d from that established in the field of health care research and practice. the partnership was   rsity management to wider environmental management issues. the centre for evidence-based conser  ings and present them on an open-access web site in a format suitable for decision-makers. the   environment agency wales has identified subject areas for review from its climate change strate  ified subject areas for review from its climate change strategy implementation plan. the agency  ility. the output represents a critical step forward in knowledge transfer in push-delivering s  evidence to decision-makers to underpin environmental policy and practice. to date decision-mak  nce contributes to the effectiveness of public services and the sustainability of human wellbei
10852	2	ct will establish and verify the use of amino acid specific stable isotope enrichments in dieta   between most vertebrate members of the forest ecosystem and start testing specific hypotheses
10765	6	cording to whether species lived on the sea floor or above it. if wear does differ, as it does   or understanding the context of current climate change. for example, investigations of the oxyg  roviding new insights into glaciations, sea level and sea temperature hundreds of millions of y  etween benthic taxa, which lived on the sea floor, and pelagic taxa, which lived away from the   pelagic taxa, which lived away from the sea floor and in surface waters, is particularly import  anged from shallow nearshore through to deep ocean environments, but determining whether a part
10230	4	arious kinds, with different mutational time-scales, and information on the geographical distri  nts . this can indicate whether certain y chromosome genotypes are locally adapted, or are adva  ing data on the effects of selection on y chromosomes, the results will allow us to test whethe  n explain the puzzling observation that y chromosome variants in these species tend to be at in
10589	4	arious kinds, with different mutational time-scales, and information on the geographical distri  nts . this can indicate whether certain y chromosome genotypes are locally adapted, or are adva  ing data on the effects of selection on y chromosomes, the results will allow us to test whethe  n explain the puzzling observation that y chromosome variants in these species tend to be at in
11857	4	arious kinds, with different mutational time-scales, and information on the geographical distri  nts . this can indicate whether certain y chromosome genotypes are locally adapted, or are adva  ing data on the effects of selection on y chromosomes, the results will allow us to test whethe  n explain the puzzling observation that y chromosome variants in these species tend to be at in
10738	5	ed seeds in phylogenetic and population genetic studies of cultivated plants. to achieve this o  ses that: dna survives slow charring at low temperatures in conditions of limited oxygen supply  w temperatures in conditions of limited oxygen supply; it is possible to identify which morphol  ic data for phylogenetic and population genetic studies; this impact is not equally severe for   thods able to provide useable data from charred remains.
11348	5	ed seeds in phylogenetic and population genetic studies of cultivated plants. to achieve this o  ses that: dna survives slow charring at low temperatures in conditions of limited oxygen supply  w temperatures in conditions of limited oxygen supply; it is possible to identify which morphol  ic data for phylogenetic and population genetic studies; this impact is not equally severe for   thods able to provide useable data from charred remains.
10248	1	many freshwater fishes utilise different habitats during the
10453	1	many freshwater fishes utilise different habitats during the
9989	1	many freshwater fishes utilise different habitats during the
14647	5	opogenic depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer results in an increase in ultraviolet-b rad   increase in ultraviolet-b radiation at ground level, which leads to harmful biological effects  v-b absorbing compounds and dna damage. field work will try to correlate seasonal and interannu  oject are: the combination of field and laboratory experiments, using both natural and controll  s; temporal changes are assessed in the long term, which is notably appreciated in the context
153	12	n communities, the human impact and the land use of the riparian communities, the extent of rip  ian communities, the extent of riparian buffer zones. in case of cultural landscapes, it is imp  ity dependent on the nature of riparian plant communities and landuse. the objective is to find  to the riparian landscape diversity and land use, and to find best solutions for creating and m  an communities. 2. which is the role of buffer zones as connecting corridors for migration of d  migration of different species from one core area or habitat to another. the objective is to in  tween the insect migration and riparian plant communities. 3. how does the presens of rare spec  n the state and composition of riparian plant communities. the objective is to investigate requ  ween pollinators and the composition of plant communities and landscape structure. the objectiv  indings of different insect species and plant communities, the dependence of biodiversity on th  endence of biodiversity on the riparian habitat types and their land use. the relations between  on the riparian habitat types and their land use. the relations between biodiversity, landuse a
10893	3	the loss and degradation of tropical forest ecosystems and the associated impact on     the loss and degradation of tropical forest ecosystems and the associated impact on ecosyste  nda for the proposed project; establish management structures and develop an impact plan. this
10900	12	mary 1. the amazon basin is the largest fresh water and tropical forest ecosystem in the world,  on basin is the largest fresh water and tropical forest ecosystem in the world, representing ov  is the largest fresh water and tropical forest ecosystem in the world, representing over half o  ces threaten its continued functioning. indigenous people and subsistence farmers with lifestyl  ers with lifestyles adapted to abundant natural resource availability face diminishing access t  wledge capacity will be embedded at the grass roots level in order that forest communities can   ights with respect to the es that their natural resources provide, as well as reinforcing commu  nd tenure claims in line with state and federal laws. 5. whilst the urban and peri-urban poor m  f electricity in brazil comes from hydo-electric power, and through other value chain effects.   yse over the last three years, that the water cycle of the amazon represents a major opportunit  n scientists aided by the international research community, and where there is a high level of   l and can be applied to the rest of the rain forest biome creating significant potential for su
2496	3	duction of atlantic salmon , might lead salmon populations into local extinction by positive de  arried out by an internationally strong research team of fish population ecologists and genetic  gists and geneticists, parasitologists, evolutionary biologists, biostatisticians and modellers
2497	1	multiple stressors like eutrophication, climate change, and invading species on the ecosystem s
2163	2	uired to predict the impacts of current climate change scenarios on atlantic salmon populations  nt climate change scenarios on atlantic salmon populations. prediction will facilitate future m
2498	4	teraction of each of these factors with environmental factors. previous work on g. salaris path  sbufiorden charr infecting strain and a rainbow trout infecting strain. lifetime reproductive o  e the effect of environment on parasite population growth and sexuality. the environmental fact  te population growth and sexuality. the environmental factors which will be modified are a. wat
2161	3	exotic species represent an increasing global threat re  f the invasion involve large changes in population dynamics of the invading species, dramatic p  of native species, and major changes in food web structure and dynamics of the receiving ecosys
2166	9	escaped farmed atlantic salmon on wild salmon populations using and extending existing mathema  opulations using and extending existing mathematical models. artificial selection for increased  extending existing mathematical models. artificial selection for increased growth performance i  med fish in the wild. to understand how natural selection is balanced by continual immigration   ion-migration balance suggest that wild salmon populations can reach alternative stable evoluti   depends on current management actions. unknown quantities in the model will be estimated from   e model will be estimated from tests of genetic change in populations experiencing contrasting    effects of local inbreeding and random gene frequency fluctuations on population fitness can b  e project will investigate at what rate genetic variation in the system of farmed and wild salm
2158	2	analyzing shift in phenology. the atna river system is one of the best documented nordic fresh  gradient up to 1280 m asl. and test for significant changes in community structure, species com
7366	1	lution through phylogenetic analyzes of genetic diversity, provide new avenues of investigation
10974	2	evels in hosts is maintained can play a pivotal role in areas such as public health, vaccine de  an play a pivotal role in areas such as public health, vaccine development, agro-ecology and co
11721	1	n which female choice appears to play a key role. we will further ask whether male reproductive
10324	3	g and memory is explaining variation in cognitive ability. recent approaches suggest that an an  ation and other ecological variables on cognitive ability in brachyraphis episopali a tropical   brachyraphis episopali a tropical fish. cognitive ability will be quantified and compared betwe
15136	1	equatorial guinea is a tropical country located in west africa. the insular re
14735	1	equatorial guinea is a tropical country located in west africa. the insular re
1106	4	of climatic change on the mediterranean marine environment and the role of this basin in the co  face; - to improve the understanding of carbon cycle processes, that are affected by global cha  lian coasts due to different effects of climate change will be predicted in six selected areas:   be used to evaluate the effects of the climate changes on coastal areas and the economic reper
465	3	an and animal disease agents. these are sand flies for sand flies and mosquitoes. this choice i  isease agents. these are sand flies for sand flies and mosquitoes. this choice is based on our   choice is based on our own knowledge of sand flies in the southwest of the indian ocean, and on
13363	1	ation and characterization of vegetable local population and varieties will be carried out. c54
13487	2	boreal plant communities are nutrient-limited and dominated by  f-shrub species. parasitic fungi play a key role in these communities affecting species composi
7007	4	lichenized fungi of neotropical lowland rain forests with the aim to circumscribe for the first   of alpha-diversity of tropical lowland rain forests. project description: crustose corticolous  reproducing lichens of tropical lowland rain forests are among the most badly known lichens on   gated from selected neotropical lowland rain forest sites .
15237	1	this research project aims to expand our understanding on th
144	1	ebrate remains in our sections offers a unique opportunity to study the early history of these
10584	2	mechanism by which pathogens of mobile insect pests can persist. determining the importance of  ment of the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction has opened up new possibilities for the
12293	6	oilseed rape in the uk v. longisporum has only been rep  gus in the soil will enable us to study risk factors and predict disease levels. moreover, rapi   be set up. 3. to undertake preliminary field studies. we need to study many aspects of the dis  oes it last in the soil; how serious is yield loss in our wetter climate 4. to screen parents a  tions for sources of resistance. in the long term the most sustainable control is likely to be   hat can be used in breeding programmes. verticillium wilt in osr has obvious potential to be da
9888	2	nsects and other small animals in their natural habitats. by tagging and genotyping individuals  akes to collect basic data from digital video recordings. we will develop new software to autom
7267	2	iated with extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents and deep marine sediments. indeed, o  nts such as hydrothermal vents and deep marine sediments. indeed, our knowledge about the archa
2463	7	lysis of marine phytoplankton caused by viral infection and 2 programmed cell death . the metho  sed by viral infection and 2 programmed cell death . the methods will be applied in situ to inc   the fact that correct understanding of control mechanisms in the lower part of the pelagic foo  anisms in the lower part of the pelagic food web is necessary to correctly assess a wide range    web is necessary to correctly assess a wide range of socio-economically important aspects of t  o-economically important aspects of the marine ecosystem such as biodiversity and plankton dyna  reas of marine research such as ballast water treatment, detection of and understanding harmful
11720	1	es them to keep photosynthesis going in infected cells.
1983	9	ermore, knowledge of regulatory role of virus infection for m. pusilla population dynamics, pro   role of virus infection for m. pusilla population dynamics, production and diversity is lackin  ll clarify the ecological importance of virus infection for m. pusilla through an integrated st  ce and abundance of mpv, as well as the genetic diversity and clonal variation of mpv, and the    of viruses on m. pusilla mortality and population dynamics. different geographical locations w  ic viruses to c-flux within the pelagic food web. it will be for the first time that a detailed  udy on the importance of m. pusilla and virus infection as regulating factor will be executed o   and viral control of picophytoplankton population dynamics. the results are expected to provid  tioning and structure of marine pelagic food webs and geochemical cycling. the obtained data wi
10601	3	oplankton are central players in global carbon fixation, nutrient cycling and energy transfer.   l carbon fixation, nutrient cycling and energy transfer. consequently, the causes of phytoplank   phytoplankton are release of dissolved organic matter . the ultimate aim will be to generate a
11004	4	range of molecular tools. the virus and host communities will be characterised by pfge and dgge  a bacterial artificial chromosome virus genomic library will be generated from a natural virus   ble viruses and assess virus horizontal gene transfer processes. specific probes will be design   role of viruses between freshwater and marine environments.
9935	4	range of molecular tools. the virus and host communities will be characterised by pfge and dgge  a bacterial artificial chromosome virus genomic library will be generated from a natural virus   ble viruses and assess virus horizontal gene transfer processes. specific probes will be design   role of viruses between freshwater and marine environments.
11607	1	of these factors will be combined with field measurements of actual foraging behaviour in the
15574	4	given increasing political and public concern for the environment, and resulting chang  ified, and their relationships to plant-microbial diversity linkages analysed. wp6 will use a s  f local stakeholders, land managers and policy makers, to meet these needs by transferring the    rural development will be delivered to policy makers. outreach to managers and the public will
11372	6	described a system of vocal dialects in sperm whales that groups the sampled south pacific popu  as major implications for understanding sperm whale population structure. here i proposed to co  or implications for understanding sperm whale population structure. here i proposed to continue  these implications with a three-pronged research program. firstly, i will relate dialect variat  tly, i will relate dialect variation to genetic variation using data collected from 15 years re  ll initiate in collaboration a study of sperm whales in the mediterranean to compare vocal vari
14100	1	plants emit more than 100,000 chemical products but estimative total number of second
7247	3	o study the reaction of the soil-water -plant system as a result of diffuse metal pollution occ  rance and resorption ' pollution of the forest ecosystem. it is hoped to relate the state of th  e the state of the plant ecosystem with major steps in the evolution of anthropogenic pollution
12583	3	l vulnerability to future management of climate change threats. the causes and types of organic  evaluate techniques for determining the economic benefits of organic soil conservation and prio  mining the economic benefits of organic soil conservation and prioritise future research needs
15118	8	the intergovernmental panel on climate change predicts an increase of global warming a   climate change predicts an increase of global warming and changing patterns of rainfall freque  ge in quantity and quality of available organic matter. at the same time, temperature is one of  mechanisms such as respiration, growth, metabolic rate, feeding, therefore not only affecting i  tors might interact in a perspective of climate change where rising temperature will be combine   the interactive effect of rising river water temperature and intensifying the frequency of dro  quency of drought episodes will have an additive effect when decreasing the discharge to define  sults will be therefore used to develop mathematical models aimed to define the mechanistic pro
15119	5	the intergovernmental panel on climate change predicts an increase of global warming a   climate change predicts an increase of global warming and changing patterns of rainfall freque  ge in quantity and quality of available organic matter. at the same time, temperature is one of  mechanisms such as respiration, growth, metabolic rate, feeding, therefore not only affecting i  tors might interact in a perspective of climate change where rising temperature will be combine
10479	5	of an increasing global population and climate change is water availability. however, we are n  nt the efforts of thousands of years of selective breeding that should be regarded as an irrepl  itions in a way that is not seen in the modern world. furthermore, it seems that successive cul  a type was maintained with an influx of genetic material with new cultures. this study will pro  populations of nubia solved problems of water shortage genetically in ways that will help us fa
2510	8	lpain cystein proteinase linked to a 21 transmembrane protein module. dek1 is an essential gene  ransmembrane protein module. dek1 is an essential gene for plant development that specify epide  gene for plant development that specify epidermal cell fate in all organs by a position dependa  lant development that specify epidermal cell fate in all organs by a position dependant, cell a  as organizer of underlying tissues. our working hypothesis is that a fusion between genes encod  ed out using rnai technology, resulting mutant phenotypes will be studied by morphological, mol  studied by morphological, molecular and cell biology tools. finally, attempt will be made to cr  ly, attempt will be made to crystallize recombinant protein for selected dek1 domains.
10145	22	river basins provide the livelihoods and means of suppo  orest products. the physical setting of river basins has additional value to the populations li  onal value to the populations living in river basins, providing for flood storage and waste dis  basins, providing for flood storage and waste disposal. river basin landscapes are an important  g for flood storage and waste disposal. river basin landscapes are an important basis for cultu  . in common with many other ecosystems, river basins are now subject to increasing change. many  ng pressure on the services provided by river basins, and economic growth exacerbates these pre   services provided by river basins, and economic growth exacerbates these pressures by increasi  ople begin to utilise new services from river basins, such as water for industrial processes. c  es from river basins, such as water for industrial processes. climate variability and climate c  rial processes. climate variability and climate change have significant impacts on river basin   mate change have significant impacts on river basin landscapes, through changes to river flows   and flood are constant features in many river basins but are perceived to be increasing in seve  and linkages between people who live in river basins and the resources and services that they d  ter, land and biodiversity resources of river basins, with a particular emphasis on how these m  pressures, *investigating how people in river basins draw on the available natural and institut  n-makers can link ecosystem services in river basins to poverty alleviation and sustainable gro  search will be located in two important river basins in sub-saharan africa, the komadugu-yobe b  unity to study the linkages between the water cycle and other ecosystem services of the wetland  ch partnership between universities and government agencies with responsibility for water manag  l-being of the people, by deepening the knowledge base of the processes through which they draw  rocesses through which they draw on the river basin and its linked ecosystems.
10979	22	river basins provide the livelihoods and means of suppo  orest products. the physical setting of river basins has additional value to the populations li  onal value to the populations living in river basins, providing for flood storage and waste dis  basins, providing for flood storage and waste disposal. river basin landscapes are an important  g for flood storage and waste disposal. river basin landscapes are an important basis for cultu  . in common with many other ecosystems, river basins are now subject to increasing change. many  ng pressure on the services provided by river basins, and economic growth exacerbates these pre   services provided by river basins, and economic growth exacerbates these pressures by increasi  ople begin to utilise new services from river basins, such as water for industrial processes. c  es from river basins, such as water for industrial processes. climate variability and climate c  rial processes. climate variability and climate change have significant impacts on river basin   mate change have significant impacts on river basin landscapes, through changes to river flows   and flood are constant features in many river basins but are perceived to be increasing in seve  and linkages between people who live in river basins and the resources and services that they d  ter, land and biodiversity resources of river basins, with a particular emphasis on how these m  ressures, - investigating how people in river basins draw on the available natural and institut  n-makers can link ecosystem services in river basins to poverty alleviation and sustainable gro  search will be located in two important river basins in sub-saharan africa, the komadugu-yobe b  unity to study the linkages between the water cycle and other ecosystem services of the wetland  ch partnership between universities and government agencies with responsibility for water manag  l-being of the people, by deepening the knowledge base of the processes through which they draw  rocesses through which they draw on the river basin and its linked ecosystems.
13854	3	cipate with an oral presentation in the international conference conservation in an urbanising   half of the world´s population lives in urban areas. the urbanization process poses significant  fied urban disturbances like density of human population, recreation pressure, road density and
14859	4	in these ecosystems in concordance with agricultural production and the development of field ma   to facilitate the harmonisation of the agricultural production with the conservation of natura  ral production with the conservation of natural resources. these techniques will aim at managin  ch as canadian thistle, one of the most invasive species in dryland crops.
12566	1	rtaken by national scientists, the ices working group on north atlantic salmon, and nasco. key
14306	1	vliz: data management, valorsiation and exploitation of resul
14268	1	rials is performed by the laboratory of analytical chemistry and applied ecochemistry .
12155	2	rds is well documented and has led to a public service agreement than control plots, and use of  be disseminated in papers, conferences, popular press and, direct to landowners and managers, v
13851	1	to very low numbers. the project has no financial support this year but it seems to be importan
11732	3	luxes of carbon and water from tropical rain forests exhibit strong seasonal and interannual va  of these physiological responses at our rain forest field site in eastern amazonia. field data    two intensive campaigns in the wet and dry season, and will be amalgamated with continuous mea
10935	3	ortant link between pelagic and benthic food webs. it has generally been assumed that chironomi  ked 13c depletion. the results from the pilot study will be used to formulate a standard grant   dy will be used to formulate a standard grant application.
11860	7	edict how coccolithophores may react to climate change. due to the inclusion of both calcite an  ue to the inclusion of both calcite and organic matter within coccolithophore cells, both need   ing their growth and role in the marine carbon cycle. the aim of this project is to address the   examine cellular levels of calcite and organic matter, photosynthesis and calcification, and g  , photosynthesis and calcification, and growth rates it will be necessary to look closely at th  l be to use this overview to generate a mathematical model that describes coccolithophore growt  phore ecology, their role in the marine carbon cycle and their future in a changing climate.
13937	4	e baltic sea. zooplankton abundance and growth rates are directly linked to the variability in   and fisheries, and there is no on-going research programme addressing the issue. in this projec  les collected during past 30 years at 3 monitoring stations; the analysis of these samples has   ne zooplankton stocks, biodiversity and growth rates in situ applying a recently developed bioc
10382	3	ase partner is globally recognised as a world leader in assessing avian responses to environmen  vironmental change, with regard to both population trends and the underlying causal demographic  modelling of demographic parameters and population trends thus adds real value to the studentsh
10014	5	n flow on the location of production of nitrous oxide at the incremental distances from the roo  cremental distances from the root. this molecular analysis will be undertaken at scri, who will  e student will also receive training in gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and microbiologic  techniques at aberdeen, as well as in a wide range of soil physical and chemical analyses.   as in a wide range of soil physical and chemical analyses.
413	2	to whether the legal right of access to private land should also be valid for german tourists.   l importance, as are the ideas that the decision makers and creators of opinion have about the
11154	1	t the above objectives we will focus on molecular analysis of samples collected in the atlantic
10139	1	inable ecosystems. it will link several social science techniques . our chosen criteria of succ
10146	1	inable ecosystems. it will link several social science techniques . our chosen criteria of succ
10658	7	stresses including nutrient enrichment, climate change and invasion of nonindigenous species. t   and its effects are increasing because human activity has enhanced rates of dispersal and clim  ity has enhanced rates of dispersal and climate change is opening new niches at high latitudes.   are in a unique position to assess the long term ramifications of multiple stressors because o   zooplankton samples, identification of food sources of the different fish populations and food  ocation and modelling to estimate roach ecological niche, zooplankton grazing and algal growth.  o be even more stringent in the face of climate change and disruption of food-chains caused by
9901	7	stresses including nutrient enrichment, climate change and invasion of nonindigenous species. t   and its effects are increasing because human activity has enhanced rates of dispersal and clim  ity has enhanced rates of dispersal and climate change is opening new niches at high latitudes.   are in a unique position to assess the long term ramifications of multiple stressors because o   zooplankton samples, identification of food sources of the different fish populations and food  ocation and modelling to estimate roach ecological niche, zooplankton grazing and algal growth.  o be even more stringent in the face of climate change and disruption of food-chains caused by
11367	2	st of this issue using data from a wild bird population, the great reed warbler population at l  t are already available and building on ongoing research activity, the project offers a cost-ef
10122	6	to gain insight into the mechanisms and biological function of calcification and into the envir   function of calcification and into the environmental factors which regulate this process. thro  phores plays a major role in the global carbon cycle and climate change may have a significant   jor role in the global carbon cycle and climate change may have a significant impact on this pr  nt impact on this process. however, the biological function of calcification in coccolithophore  ptophyte algae accumulate two principal compatible solutes, the tertiary sulfonium compound dim
10355	6	what determines the growth rate of a tropical forest answering this fairly      what determines the growth rate of a tropical forest answering this fairly obvious question   tion would give important insights into tropical forest ecology, as well as greater understandi  tanding into the potential responses of tropical forests to atmospheric change and their potent   change and their potential as sinks of carbon dioxide. we have recently discovered that mature  we have recently discovered that mature tropical forests in the western amazon grow twice as fa
10747	6	what determines the growth rate of a tropical forest answering this fairly      what determines the growth rate of a tropical forest answering this fairly obvious question   tion would give important insights into tropical forest ecology, as well as greater understandi  tanding into the potential responses of tropical forests to atmospheric change and their potent   change and their potential as sinks of carbon dioxide. we have recently discovered that mature  we have recently discovered that mature tropical forests in the western amazon grow twice as fa
9976	6	what determines the growth rate of a tropical forest answering this fairly      what determines the growth rate of a tropical forest answering this fairly obvious question   tion would give important insights into tropical forest ecology, as well as greater understandi  tanding into the potential responses of tropical forests to atmospheric change and their potent   change and their potential as sinks of carbon dioxide. we have recently discovered that mature  we have recently discovered that mature tropical forests in the western amazon grow twice as fa
15440	3	tter explained by adaptation to current selective pressures. specifically, we will use availabl  gnition and social spacing in producing evolutionary change in the design of foot-shaking displ  naturalistic observations and field and laboratory experiments. in addition, we will test wheth
11814	10	g rates. the establishment of harems in red deer, elephant seals and gorillas are well known ex  he establishment of harems in red deer, elephant seals and gorillas are well known examples. ma  derlying female remating would be a big step forward in understanding all this variation. i wil  i will search for these genes using the fruit fly drosophila subobscura. female flies of this s   be found in that section of dna. i can work out which sections of dna are greek and which are    fly about 20% of flies carry a driving x chromosome called srs. normal x chromosomes are passe  driving x chromosome called srs. normal x chromosomes are passed on to half a male s offspring,  ring, while the other half inherits his y chromosome. but when males carry the srs chromosome a  and all their offspring inherit the srs x chromosome. this allows the srs chromosome to spread    i will investigate why this happens by setting up many small laboratory populations of greek a
13560	1	rmines n availability and limitation in boreal forests.
11121	3	-west mitochondrial lineages reflecting historical processes and microgeographic colour pattern  a recent study of nuclear markers found gene flow was associated with uv markings rather than p  markings have the potential to restrict gene flow. this study also has potential as a precursor
12162	3	ed with entry level stewardship address natural resource protection such as the integrity and h  ts. there is evidence that increases in plant diversity can deliver a range of benefits includi  de evidence that a moderate increase in plant diversity has the potential to deliver these mult
14468	3	and red, raspberry and strawberry / in natural habitats of two different ecological region of    resistant to these pathogens. study of genetic diversity in wild small fruit species through d  s from different taxonomic groups cause infectious diseases and fungistatic and fungicide effec
2213	1	ing methods and how this is related the life history traits of different species. monitoring is
10066	11	sources, according to the government s energy strategy. this is necessary to reduce the uk s r  ecessary to reduce the uk s reliance on fossil fuels, and to meet international targets for co2  on investigates conflicts between green energy production and wildlife conservation, and will d  cts between green energy production and wildlife conservation, and will develop guidance and mi  newable uk-funded project on commercial wind farms and bats to evaluate mortality rates and bat  mercial wind farms and bats to evaluate mortality rates and bat activity levels. in addition, w   are behavioural differences in bats at wind turbine and control sites using acoustic monitorin  bles determination of whether mid-sized wind turbines cause bat mortality estimation of effect   rtality estimation of effect size, with confidence intervals indicating level of uncertainty es   of uncertainty estimation of effect of wind turbines on bat foraging and commuting contributio  ons to clarify legal position regarding wind turbines and bats guidance on mitigation and and p
11679	8	ain models of mass transfer in earth by mantle convection. a longstanding problem in earth scie  e convection. a longstanding problem in earth sciences is whether convection is a whole-mantle   neral inclusions that formed in earth s lower mantle, this can give considerable support to a w  an give considerable support to a whole-mantle convection model. some very rare inclusions seem   chemistry of the inclusions along with mineral phase relations yield important information abo  oliths, and constrain the conditions of diamond formation and the depth at which kimberlite mag  ing a very deep origin - perhaps in the lower mantle. here, we propose a two-year project for a  ormed within. further, by understanding mineral phase relations through high pressure experimen
12695	2	eks to determine the risks to bats from wind turbines in the uk and to recommend how adverse ef  turbines in the uk and to recommend how adverse effects posed by windfarms can be minimised.
11122	3	rchers at nasa, while examining seawifs satellite pictures of the bering sea this winter, notic  e colour. other possible causes such as ice crystals and glacial flour can be ruled out. a rese  n be ruled out. a researcher will bring back water samples for extensive and appropriate analys
13483	2	imental ponds and natural lake systems. long term effects of changing winter conditions and res  ditions and resource production on fish population dynamics is analysed using models parameteri
13834	2	thin the frame of the scandinavian wolf research project measure the diversity and extent of sc  s on wolf killed carcasses of moose and roe deer.
2060	3	vestigating the role wolverines have in ecosystem dynamics and their adaptation to ecosystem ch  bility of the impact wolverines have on ecosystem dynamics, including human conflicts. studies   , knowledge of habitat requirements and population dynamics are equally important in determinin
12025	3	diversity of woody plants, from various life-form from climbers to trees, and different functio  m from climbers to trees, and different functional groups and to the understanding of the cruci  silience/sensitivity of the threathened rain forests.
11590	2	involve a similar mix of scientists and end users.. all events will be followed by reports to d  l events will be followed by reports to decision makers, summarising the workshop discussions.
12284	3	on systems have a dual role not only in food production, but also in the provision of public go  roduction, but also in the provision of public good objectives including, biodiversity and land   pollution to air and water. mitigating greenhouse gas . on average, there was a 1% per year re
14280	1	organisms living in dead wood, hereafter called saproxylic- ir. françois ba
13842	8	during the last years, the study of y chromosome diversity has greatly contributed to the u  tanding of the structure and history of human populations. however, y chromosome markers are se   history of human populations. however, y chromosome markers are seldom used in studies of natu   studies of natural populations. recent technological advances are now starting to allow larger  mestic canidae . the combination of the y chromosome markers with autosomal markers and mtdna s  na sequences will provide more complete genetic information, allowing the independent testing o  emales play in populations. we will use y chromosome sequences to assess the phylogenetic relat  a combination of these snp markers with y chromosome microsatellites will be used to study the
14815	2	this research project pretends to evaluate the yield and nut  ject pretends to evaluate the yield and nutritional value of some of the wild plants traditiona
12170	8	summary statement a range of scientific studies have demonstrated the value of diffe  strated the value of different types of set-aside land for birds, both in terms of providing fo  mmer. there is now growing concern that set-aside loss will have detrimental impacts on bird po  e loss will have detrimental impacts on bird populations at the local and the national level. u  ding of the value of different types of set-aside in relation to other farmland habitats as wel  itats to estimate the relative value of set-aside compared with conventional cropped farmland h  ptions required to mitigate the loss of set-aside. in addition, for one key species, the skylar  a population increase in the absence of set-aside.
2072	3	gisms, as reflected in the semi-aquatic food web, and plankton diversity and dynamics in partic  ular. this zone makes up a crossroad of energy transfer between the terrestrial and aquatic com  atic compartments. as a ecosystem level research project, it will improve our understanding of
190	2	ntermediate and upper trophic levels of marine ecosystems. first data on zooplankton in the gul  planktivores: changes in the individual growth rate of the major zooplanktivores in the blatic