IdNumber of occurencesForms
12058 11 erated rich and original intra-specific diversity. farming systems in countries of the south in 
n countries of the south integrate this diversity of species and varieties in connection with t 
ity of the lands farmed. in response to global change, the imas project focuses on the definiti 
on the definition and implementation of management practices adapted to the dynamic in situ pre 
identify new forms of managing varietal diversity based on interaction at different levels of f 
 sites: i- on the one hand, the in situ conservation of traditional cereal diversity in west af 
situ conservation of traditional cereal diversity in west africa; ii- on the other, the revival 
of traditional cereal diversity in west africa; ii- on the other, the revival in chili of quino 
grating the points of view of different stakeholders and then simulating the dynamic aspects of 
 then simulating the dynamic aspects of biodiversity management in order to analyze the impact  
ing the dynamic aspects of biodiversity management in order to analyze the impact of future dev 
13377 2       sub-project 2:research project on conservation and evaluation of almond genetic resources 
 2:research project on conservation and evaluation of almond genetic resources in southeast ana 
14564 2 an and balearic fauna of hydraenidae, a water beetles family represented by about 145 species.  
riptions and a summary of their iberian distribution and biology.  
2160 2 fects on the wild atlantic salmon stock fishing sector are included. next, the various values a 
references analysis and market data for fishing permits will be applied.  
7114 1 cales covered in this project. types or traits must also be a centerpiece new diagnostic tools  
7115 9  probably in france, the main threat to biodiversity. this phenomenon is the corollary of the i 
this phenomenon is the corollary of the intensification of agriculture on a substantial part of 
the corollary of the intensification of agriculture on a substantial part of the national terri 
an area located on the outskirts of the mediterranean region, the great limestone plateaus wher 
ed down by the persistence of a dynamic agriculture, but concern because the land use patterns  
ic agriculture, but concern because the land use patterns and practices seek to fewer resources 
we can draw general lessons in terms of agriculture / biodiversity interactions. in this territ 
neral lessons in terms of agriculture / biodiversity interactions. in this territory, there are 
cies with rather contrasting ecological behavior; therefore it is possible to have a process ce 
7119 6 ze the conditions of internalization of biodiversity in agricultural activity. for this we have 
d the various social justifications put biodiversity under discussion. 2 - on the scale of farm 
odiversity under discussion. 2 - on the scale of farming we assess the economic, agronomic and  
social consequences of the inclusion of biodiversity management objectives. we will also discus 
uences of the inclusion of biodiversity management objectives. we will also discuss the influen 
 influence of social representations of biodiversity farmers on their technical choices  
7122 5  extrapolated on the basis of plausible scenarios of climate change and use of space for the co 
 on the basis of plausible scenarios of climate change and use of space for the coming years to 
eses about their probable impact on the diversity and functioning of communities and assessment 
sity and functioning of communities and assessment aphidiennes agricultural risk related  
and assessment aphidiennes agricultural risk related  
7127 18          among the potential ecological impacts of global change, its consequences for the func 
ong the potential ecological impacts of global change, its consequences for the functioning of  
its consequences for the functioning of species interactions remain one of the biggest unknowns 
g for mutual, woody plants and tropical ecosystems. because each species responds to changes in 
ase of diffuse interactions, ecological redundancy in the roles of the different species confer 
 roles of the different species confers stability. by cons, in the specific and mandatory mutua 
nd mandatory mutual, lack of ecological redundancy implies a greater risk of rupture of the int 
ecological redundancy implies a greater risk of rupture of the interaction and consequently the 
nteraction and consequently the loss of biodiversity. we will study the impact of global change 
odiversity. we will study the impact of global change on three specific and mandatory mutual in 
nd the majority belongs to the tropical ecosystems. our project combines correlative and experi 
f three contrasting systems, implying a diversity of mechanisms of impacts of changes. . using  
, implying a diversity of mechanisms of impacts of changes. . using hypervariable molecular mar 
 involved and conditioning contemporary ecology of each system. these markers are also used to  
t will the increase of c02 does for the production and quality of resources available as reward 
e response of an important component of biodiversity in the tropics, and the specific mutualism 
ortant component of biodiversity in the tropics, and the specific mutualisms mandatory, global  
 and the specific mutualisms mandatory, global change  
7142 9                                         vegetation has a dual interest in studying the impact o 
dual interest in studying the impact of global change on ecosystems: it is firstly an important 
studying the impact of global change on ecosystems: it is firstly an important component of bio 
it is firstly an important component of biodiversity, but it is also an effective bio- indicato 
rsity, but it is also an effective bio- indicator of the changes. we propose to study the impac 
nges. we propose to study the impact of climate change on vegetation dynamics in the french mou 
o study the impact of climate change on vegetation dynamics in the french mountain forests. mou 
etation dynamics in the french mountain forests. mountains, because of the high altitudinal the 
detect early effects of global current. forests have the advantage of being less subject areas  
7170 1 standing of the history and dynamics of invasion green frogs belonging to the group ridibunda a 
7186 12           study the feedback of benthic stream modified crepidula on the succession of phytopla 
enthic stream modified crepidula on the succession of phytoplankton species, and pelagic drift  
modified crepidula on the succession of phytoplankton species, and pelagic drift system was the 
 the main objective of the experimental mesocosm. all experiments were carried out successfully 
t when this is done, the effects on the ecosystem does not perceive quickly. This study provide 
 This study provides information on the diversity of perceptions of invasive phenomena, if Caul 
rovides information on the diversity of perceptions of invasive phenomena, if Caulerpa taxifoli 
 society, if the proliferation of green algae brand spirits throughout the coast of Brittany, i 
nd professionals. it should lead to the development of concrete scenarios, thereby strengthenin 
uld lead to the development of concrete scenarios, thereby strengthening the realistic simulati 
sfer of knowledge to the public and all stakeholders of the ecosystem harbor of Brest.  
 the public and all stakeholders of the ecosystem harbor of Brest.  
7197 3 owledge and reflection elements for the development and governance of rural areas. Indeed, it a 
ection elements for the development and governance of rural areas. Indeed, it aims to draw the  
 outline of what could be a sustainable management of these territories, and specifically addre 
7245 8 es the resolution of the crisis of mass extinction of species and populations is a major societ 
redictive ability of pva models used by conservation biologists and our structured models physi 
nowledge acquired in the framework of a conservation management project. a result of these fund 
ired in the framework of a conservation management project. a result of these fundamental work, 
 work, we use the results of a study of biodiversity in seine and marl to establish a mapping o 
ersity in seine and marl to establish a mapping of the risk of extinction reptile populations a 
 and marl to establish a mapping of the risk of extinction reptile populations and propose sust 
l to establish a mapping of the risk of extinction reptile populations and propose sustainable  
7264 5   research on phylogenetic structure of biodiversity experiencing unprecedented growth, particu 
biodiversity experiencing unprecedented growth, particularly in conservation biology. in this c 
g unprecedented growth, particularly in conservation biology. in this context, our project adop 
dressing the following question: at the scale of geological time, how changing the phylogenetic 
etically, especially during episodes of extinction or radiation  
7274 3 lants threatens the survival fragmented environment. its evaluation in natural populations is h 
he survival fragmented environment. its evaluation in natural populations is hampered by the te 
 locus genotyping of difficulty in non- model species. the project aims to test the application 
7279 5 he structuring role of papuan karsts on groundwater and surface ichtyodiversité. dip integrates 
tudy of physical environments and their fish communities to better understand the mechanisms re 
or the establishment and maintenance of biodiversity. dip will develop predictive models for es 
ive models for estimating anthropogenic impacts and climate change on the systems studied. dip  
or estimating anthropogenic impacts and climate change on the systems studied. dip integrate ne 
7285 7                       we build a robust phylogeny of the genus leucadendron, from 5 locus seque 
sing molecular markers and quantitative traits studied in controlled conditions. nine hundred i 
ions will be characterized. finally, we model the evolution of life history traits under differ 
be characterized. finally, we model the evolution of life history traits under different fire r 
zed. finally, we model the evolution of life history traits under different fire regimes  
 we model the evolution of life history traits under different fire regimes  
 of life history traits under different fire regimes  
7297 8 g for the direct conversion of chemical energy contained in the organic matter into electrical  
ion of chemical energy contained in the organic matter into electrical energy using bacterial b 
d in the organic matter into electrical energy using bacterial biofilms as catalysts electroche 
ts electrochemical reactions. Amazonian soils and environments were rarely mentioned in the lit 
tionally recognized as a "hot spot" for biodiversity. it is possible to imagine such biodiversi 
versity. it is possible to imagine such biodiversity quune in a macroscopic sense strongly reli 
local environments and geomorphological heterogeneity. this project aims to analyze the ability 
f electroactive biofilms from different ecosystems Guyanese from the densities of currents prod 
7299 6               plants, for their sessile nature, exhibit great plasticity to adapt to environmen 
 human activities have generated in the environment of harmful pollution, the main effect is, l 
generated in the environment of harmful pollution, the main effect is, like many abiotic and bi 
effect is, like many abiotic and biotic stress, the generation of oxidative stress in vivo. thi 
tic stress, the generation of oxidative stress in vivo. this project seeks to highlight, in wil 
ts originating from a plasticity of the stress response mechanisms, primarily oxidative and exp 
7300 3                                     the pollination of flowering plants is mainly provided by i 
 flowering plants is mainly provided by insects mutualistic relationships with more or less spe 
nships with more or less specialized in ecosystems is a major environmental problem  
7312 4 ct brings together 14 european research institutions. it was designed to investigate the abilit 
he ability of different types of amp in europe to protect species, habitats and sensitive and t 
, habitats and sensitive and threatened ecosystems. to this end, quantitative methods have been 
rovided to the eu to develop the amp as fisheries management quoutils  
7362 1                          exploration of diversity to meet new constraints or new  
7363 5   arsenic is a metalloid present in the environment in several oxidation states, the proportion 
l oxidation states, the proportion is a function of microbial transformations affecting its mob 
ble organisms present in a contaminated ecosystem while the diversity of functions associated w 
t in a contaminated ecosystem while the diversity of functions associated with the metabolism a 
ersity of functions associated with the metabolism arsénié will be explored by a proteomic appr 
7367 4                        c. complementary management and conservation devices modes: the project  
        c. complementary management and conservation devices modes: the project objective is to 
 the complementarities between forms of management rpg ex situ and in situ from the analysis of 
request. this is ultimately to confront management models with traditional populations are carr 
7374 3          d. . the results contribute to modeling the evolution of the device according to the p 
 the results contribute to modeling the evolution of the device according to the parameters of  
vice according to the parameters of its management  
7425 11                                         biodiversity of plant virus is still generally unknown. 
nderstanding the overall functioning of agro-ecosystems. agro-ecosystems bordering conserved ar 
overall functioning of agro-ecosystems. agro-ecosystems bordering conserved areas represent ide 
emographic and evolutionary phytovirale biodiversity, and to try to understand the conditions o 
w diseases. as such, the camargue agro- ecosystem seems remarkably well suited to this type of  
biodivine the project will characterize biodiversity plant virus present in the agroecosystem c 
biodiversity plant virus present in the agroecosystem camargue. a mixed approach, combining hig 
tool will identify, map and analyze the biodiversity of this territory phytovirale. moreover it 
 the environmental and health impact of agriculture on biodiversity phytovirale a wild ecosyste 
tal and health impact of agriculture on biodiversity phytovirale a wild ecosystem, and vice ver 
ture on biodiversity phytovirale a wild ecosystem, and vice versa  
7428 5               . stresses that intensive production involve the use of pesticides to fight espec 
intensive production involve the use of pesticides to fight especially against pests. slugs are 
 the whole animal. also cases of direct mortality, they concentrate in food chains and directly 
food chains and directly affect natural predators of slugs such as ground beetles, thrushes, sh 
 presence of notable species of lowland birds, classified otherwise vulnerable zone under the n 
7500 10                                    some soils, said disease resistant, limit their particular m 
                       some soils, said disease resistant, limit their particular microflora by 
 is to analyze the genetic basis of the resistance of the soil, comparing different soil bacter 
 genetic basis of the resistance of the soil, comparing different soil bacterial community, res 
stance of the soil, comparing different soil bacterial community, resistant or non- resistant.  
oil, comparing different soil bacterial community, resistant or non- resistant. bacterial taxa  
afeners already known in some resistant soils will be systematically included, and they will al 
tudied by quantitative pcr dna on total soil to validate the chip. this study will for the firs 
sistant floors, and identify biological indicators to manage the pest soil quality  
iological indicators to manage the pest soil quality  
7502 3  better understand and characterize the genetic diversity is a key objective to improve and dev 
s project is to compare the neutral and diversity selected from a core collection of 1,000 soft 
icrosatellite neutral and interests for diversity studies.  
7550 4                                         nitrification is a key function of the nitrogen cycle,  
                 nitrification is a key function of the nitrogen cycle, responsible for the bal 
 nitrification is a key function of the nitrogen cycle, responsible for the balance between the 
 balance between the preferred forms of nitrogen for plants on the genetic potential of these c 
7551 1  a hierarchy of factors involved in the evolution of populations ppv  
7552 1 ne qui ne dispose que d’un seul mode de conservation assuré par le maintien de collection en ch 
7558 4 t allow the genetic characterization of bacteria, but no nest especially outperforms other nor  
h for the characterization of bacterial genetic diversity coupled to a data mining system based 
ial genetic diversity coupled to a data mining system based on the application of genomic impri 
our objectives are: to formalize it the development phase of this method in theory to guide and 
7560 14                                         Nematodes are abundant and various organizations in all 
al features both trophic level as their life history traits, they are especially important in t 
oth trophic level as their life history traits, they are especially important in the soil ecosy 
s, they are especially important in the soil ecosystem. the structure of soil nematodes communi 
ey are especially important in the soil ecosystem. the structure of soil nematodes community tu 
in the soil ecosystem. the structure of soil nematodes community turns out to be a relevant ind 
e soil ecosystem. the structure of soil nematodes community turns out to be a relevant indicato 
system. the structure of soil nematodes community turns out to be a relevant indicator for bio- 
es community turns out to be a relevant indicator for bio-study of environmental change. we pro 
e a relevant indicator for bio-study of environmental change. we propose to couple molecular ch 
 of nematode species found in different agro-ecosystems selected. The objective of these studie 
. The objective of these studies is the development of a bio-indicator based on molecular tool  
ese studies is the development of a bio-indicator based on molecular tool for comparative analy 
ecular tool for comparative analysis of soil samples nématofaune.  
7566 3    the project aims to characterize the nature of the observed variability in saffron. we study 
 variability in saffron. otherwise, the diversity of saffron would be generated by the diversit 
ty of saffron would be generated by the diversity of practices where the interest to characteri 
7576 7 e organic farmers to develop low- input production systems for specific direct valuations. thes 
ity to adapt to their lands and ways of production and processing. we propose to study in us pu 
f producers that they have created, the evolution and adaptation of populations to specific con 
at they have created, the evolution and adaptation of populations to specific contexts of produ 
 of populations to specific contexts of production. analysis of the operation of the network, o 
ed individually or collectively through conservation and the selection of people on the farm we 
 of this method of preservation of crop biodiversity. the project will also characterize the sp 
7586 4 ical characteristics and assessments of disease resistance of the National cichorium collection 
racteristics and assessments of disease resistance of the National cichorium collection are mad 
cation of duplicates and structuring of genetic diversity. the University of Angers, in collabo 
, thereby refine the description of the genetic diversity of populations and varieties adapted  
7609 7 as a fundamental mechanism of bacterial evolution to the degradation of chemical pollutants. th 
mechanism of bacterial evolution to the degradation of chemical pollutants. the"nano genomics"p 
 is applied specifically to recover the bacteria from the indigenous microflora of a soil havin 
ria from the indigenous microflora of a soil having been genetically transformed by these molec 
icated in more proactive programs where bacteria selected for the interest of their properties  
est of their properties inoculated into soil to speed up natural processes. the latest advances 
the microflora in order to increase the efficiency and speed of remediation treatments  
7612 7 ill through mass balance to monitor the behavior of these heavy metals. in france there are man 
alance to monitor the behavior of these heavy metals. in france there are many sites and soils  
als. in france there are many sites and soils polluted by metals, mostly due to industrial acti 
. in the north of france, the volume of sediment to be dredged is thus estimated at three milli 
sediments have extremely high levels of heavy metals. dredging may thus have negative aspects,  
ly have growing deficits because of the poverty of the nutrient substrate and the presence of t 
f toxic elements. the result is intense erosion of certain sites and the propagation of contami 
7614 7 roject on the purifying capacity of the mangrove was supported as part of the tender ie2007, so 
ed. the project goal is to offer in the tropics, an alternative to conventional treatment plant 
al residents, a change in practices and perceptions of social and collective waste water manage 
ceptions of social and collective waste water management. this approach also enhances the prese 
roach also enhances the preservation of mangroves as a natural property suitable for regulated  
not as a dumping ground, or an unwanted wetland. . . . pir 2009 ecological engineering  
 or an unwanted wetland. . . . pir 2009 ecological engineering  
7718 1 le forms and implications of ecological intensification  
11864 16   many people are familiar with life in freshwater either from direct experience with angling o 
 direct experience with angling or from nature documentaries. most are probably aware that food 
are aware of the details of the complex ecosystems found in lakes, or indeed of the links betwe 
 terrestrial catchment. the problems of pollution in lakes are well known as nutrients from fer 
of pollution in lakes are well known as nutrients from fertilisers can enter the water from agr 
utrients from fertilisers can enter the water from agricultural land causing plant life to take 
ausing plant life to take over the lake carbon entering from surrounding land. this research is 
rial entering a lake can be affected by climate change and land management practices. the consu 
e can be affected by climate change and land management practices. the consumption of terrestri 
actices. the consumption of terrestrial carbon by species in the lake can also be affected by i 
ies in the lake can also be affected by invasive species such as the zebra mussel which voracio 
 which voraciously consumes within-lake carbon and is rapidly spreading through irish and u.k.  
g through irish and u.k. lakes, causing fish to rely more on terrestrial material. our proposal 
ial. our proposal to combine the use of stable isotopes with radiocarbon in queen s university  
search to shed light on the complicated food webs in freshwater lakes.  
d light on the complicated food webs in freshwater lakes.  
14269 2 increasing socio-economical interest in marine resources urges the need for a decision making f 
n marine resources urges the need for a decision making framework to objectively allocate the d 
10966 34 conditions such as sources of moisture, temperature and amount of rainfall above each cave. the 
ount of rainfall above each cave. these oxygen isotope records give much insight into climate c 
 isotope records give much insight into climate change but interpretation still tends to rest o 
nderstanding of which features of local climate the speleothem responds to, and whether the rec 
ltered during the process of speleothem growth. unlocking the real climatic information needs u 
eds understanding of the full system of climate - vegetation - groundwater - cave - speleothem. 
tanding of the full system of climate - vegetation - groundwater - cave - speleothem. thus clim 
e full system of climate - vegetation - groundwater - cave - speleothem. thus climate reconstru 
- groundwater - cave - speleothem. thus climate reconstruction from speleothem records depends  
 two critical steps. the first is close monitoring of the cave environment to identify speleoth 
e first is close monitoring of the cave environment to identify speleothem sites which record r 
ation relating d18o to other aspects of climate. we aim to accomplish both steps and develop a  
th steps and develop a fully-calibrated climate record from gibraltar covering parts of the las 
d on the first step - understanding the climate recording process by monitoring the part of the 
anding the climate recording process by monitoring the part of the system between the soil and  
ring the part of the system between the soil and the speleothem, using comprehensive measuremen 
nd seasonal variations in chemistry and oxygen isotopes in cave drips and soil water, plus the  
y and oxygen isotopes in cave drips and soil water, plus the movement and composition of cave a 
 oxygen isotopes in cave drips and soil water, plus the movement and composition of cave air, t 
 composition of cave air, temperatures, soil and vegetation changes, and related these to amoun 
ion of cave air, temperatures, soil and vegetation changes, and related these to amounts of rai 
ific conditions when speleothems record climate most accurately, and if these are met the isoto 
the modern part of gibraltar s historic climate record can be used to derive a calibrated trans 
be used to derive a calibrated transfer function relating d18o to climate. we intend to test th 
ated transfer function relating d18o to climate. we intend to test this calibration using stala 
om statistical analysis of the historic climate back to 1792. furthermore, because gibraltar ha 
estigate how this has affected the d18o-climate transfer function and how the calibration from  
 has affected the d18o-climate transfer function and how the calibration from modern records ma 
 must compare the microclimate, air and water chemistry of low and high level caves to understa 
heir isotope ratios, trace elements and water trapped within the mineral, which directly finger 
hich directly fingerprints ancient cave water. this should allow us to reconstruct the average  
dstick for past climates in the western mediterranean, and can be compared directly with comput 
 can be compared directly with computer climate models. gibraltar s caves have very high potent 
ding a record from a natural laboratory environment running back from modern times to possibly  
10847 2 ovide users with the ability to extract abundance data and gridded products for key taxa and ot 
ject will also include an update of the north sea database to include a reassessment of the gri 
10093 16                                         vegetation plays an important role in landscapes that a 
lly true for vegetated dune fields on a landscape scale, and the effects of various plant speci 
or vegetated dune fields on a landscape scale, and the effects of various plant species on the  
effects of various plant species on the evolution and dynamics of such environments are not qua 
t aims to develop a computer simulation model based on moving around slabs of sand across a gri 
cross a grid of cells that represents a landscape surface including varying amounts of vegetati 
pe surface including varying amounts of vegetation in each cell. these movements are controlled 
tions between the existing surface, the vegetation in each cell, and the propagation of the san 
 sand slabs. this allows simulating the evolution of aeolian landscapes through self-organisati 
t types of dune fields without actually modelling the complex airflow dynamics and sand transpo 
tive understanding of vegetated aeolian landscape development to ensure that the model generate 
standing of vegetated aeolian landscape development to ensure that the model generates realisti 
andscape development to ensure that the model generates realistic results. the model is then us 
 model generates realistic results. the model is then used to systematically investigate exactl 
 why various kinds of plant species and vegetation patterns influence the dynamics of dune deve 
patterns influence the dynamics of dune development in aeolian environments.  
14360 19 text and objectives timely and accurate habitat reportage is vital to monitoring the biodiversi 
 accurate habitat reportage is vital to monitoring the biodiversity and ecological quality of o 
at reportage is vital to monitoring the biodiversity and ecological quality of our environment. 
diversity and ecological quality of our environment. remote sensing methods can be utilized to  
 ecological quality of our environment. remote sensing methods can be utilized to this end but  
lized to this end but existing data and classification methods fall short of the purposes of ha 
n methods fall short of the purposes of habitat reportage in several aspects: - airborne hypers 
methods have not addressed the issue of habitat structure which are most important for assessin 
 which are most important for assessing habitat quality - most existing remote sensing methodol 
sessing habitat quality - most existing remote sensing methodologies have not been tested vigor 
tter status reporting on habitats using remote sensing data. for this, an enhanced state-of-the 
 for this, an enhanced state-of-the-art classification framework will be designed and modelling 
fication framework will be designed and modelling techniques will be used. methodology • three  
pplied to increase the applicability of remote sensing data for habitat status reporting. the v 
pplicability of remote sensing data for habitat status reporting. the vegetation condition will 
 data for habitat status reporting. the vegetation condition will also be assessed using model  
n condition will also be assessed using model inversion. results expected - 6 peer reviewed jou 
cted - 6 peer reviewed journal papers - classification framework for habistat status reporting  
n for sr image reconstruction including classification framework - international work shops --- 
12585 35 t is to collate a compendium of uk peat restoration and management projects in uplands and lowl 
a compendium of uk peat restoration and management projects in uplands and lowlands. an analysi 
give recommendations for future set up, management and delivery of projects. work will be done  
partnership, one of the biggest uk peat restoration projects, in collaboration with internation 
e project team harnesses both practical restoration expertise and research expertise. the wider 
partnership includes a wide networks of stakeholders and the project investigators have develop 
developed good networks with additional stakeholders and projects thereby adding value to the p 
ll main peat projects. the project will review existing research and management practice of pea 
oject will review existing research and management practice of peat restoration and management  
esearch and management practice of peat restoration and management projects in order to assess  
gement practice of peat restoration and management projects in order to assess the success or f 
 the success or failure of current peat restoration projects. the problems will be defined and  
or failure identified. the project will review motivations for restoration projects as well as  
the project will review motivations for restoration projects as well as their long term goals a 
ll as their long term goals and analyse adaptive management towrads these over the lifetime of  
of the project. it is evident that many restoration projects started with clear biodiversity go 
restoration projects started with clear biodiversity goals and as a vehicle to fulfill psa targ 
ecent years the emphasis has shifted to soil and water conservation, enhancement of carbon sequ 
rs the emphasis has shifted to soil and water conservation, enhancement of carbon sequestration 
 emphasis has shifted to soil and water conservation, enhancement of carbon sequestration for c 
 and water conservation, enhancement of carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation and  
enhancement of carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation and flood protection goals. t 
carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation and flood protection goals. these changing o 
vidence base derived from surveillance, monitoring and research results have led to adaptive ma 
toring and research results have led to adaptive management in some restoration projects in res 
have led to adaptive management in some restoration projects in response to new understanding.  
to be overcome in the use of identified restoration and management techniques, considering site 
n the use of identified restoration and management techniques, considering site specificity of  
 the costs involved in implementing the restoration and management techniques associated with e 
ved in implementing the restoration and management techniques associated with each project, and 
tance of public funding and the role of agri-environment schemes, this step will highlight any  
xpertise from existing and planned peat restoration management projects, identify avenues for s 
m existing and planned peat restoration management projects, identify avenues for success as we 
as and provide guidance for future peat restoration and management schemes in the uk.  
uidance for future peat restoration and management schemes in the uk.  
7633 9                           environmental bacteria have an almost unlimited reservoir of genetic  
gely untapped because over 99% of these bacteria are not cultivable in vitro. new approaches ha 
agenomic of extracting the dna of these bacteria directly from the environment and clone the ba 
dna of these bacteria directly from the environment and clone the banks to form so-called metag 
ed on the concept of inoculation in the soil of a bacterial strain specifically constructed to  
alled in the following sections and its development was made possible, at least partially, due  
 least partially, due to support of the"ecological engineering"2008. after this stage of develo 
l engineering"2008. after this stage of development, we seek help to exploit and demonstrate th 
 ground by the international scientific community  
12716 5  relevant to priority species in the uk biodiversity action plan: 1. global evolutionary comple 
ity action plan: 1. global evolutionary complexity of freshwater alveolates: a new threat to fr 
n: 1. global evolutionary complexity of freshwater alveolates: a new threat to frogs 2. laying  
udy of viruses responsible for emerging wildlife disease in amphibians  
ruses responsible for emerging wildlife disease in amphibians  
1973 6 for one or both species, as well as for community function more generally. fucoid seaweeds are  
 both species, as well as for community function more generally. fucoid seaweeds are among the  
g the major structural species of rocky intertidal shores, are commercially exploited for a var 
f products, and have been implicated as biodiversity indicators. until now, hybrid zones in mar 
nd have been implicated as biodiversity indicators. until now, hybrid zones in marine benthic s 
 indicators. until now, hybrid zones in marine benthic species have focused exclusively on anim 
11767 9                        tropical montane forests are amongst the most fascinating yet least stud 
nating yet least studied of terrestrial ecosystems. in terms of ecosystem science, they combine 
 of terrestrial ecosystems. in terms of ecosystem science, they combine some of the attributes  
ine some of the attributes of temperate forests quantify the the effects of temperature, litter 
ate forests quantify the the effects of temperature, litter quality and rainfall on the decay r 
uantify the the effects of temperature, litter quality and rainfall on the decay rates of leaf  
lity and rainfall on the decay rates of leaf litter, woody debris, humic material and soil orga 
itter, woody debris, humic material and soil organic matter, by conducting a translocation expe 
 where samples of litter, dead wood and soil with be swapped between different elevations along 
11791 8                        tropical montane forests are amongst the most fascinating yet least stud 
nating yet least studied of terrestrial ecosystems. in terms of ecosystem science, they combine 
 of terrestrial ecosystems. in terms of ecosystem science, they combine some of the attributes  
ine some of the attributes of temperate forests quantify the effects of temperature, litter qua 
mperate forests quantify the effects of temperature, litter quality and rainfall on organic mat 
ts quantify the effects of temperature, litter quality and rainfall on organic matter decay rat 
erature, litter quality and rainfall on organic matter decay rates by conduction a translocatio 
 where samples of litter, dead wood and soil with be swapped between different elevations along 
9983 9                        tropical montane forests are amongst the most fascinating yet least stud 
nating yet least studied of terrestrial ecosystems. in terms of ecosystem science, they combine 
 of terrestrial ecosystems. in terms of ecosystem science, they combine some of the attributes  
ine some of the attributes of temperate forests quantify the the effects of temperature, litter 
ate forests quantify the the effects of temperature, litter quality and rainfall on the decay r 
uantify the the effects of temperature, litter quality and rainfall on the decay rates of leaf  
lity and rainfall on the decay rates of leaf litter, woody debris, humic material and soil orga 
itter, woody debris, humic material and soil organic matter, by conducting a translocation expe 
 where samples of litter, dead wood and soil with be swapped between different elevations along 
10169 4 e chronostratigraphy and use a range of indicators to gauge the nature, scale and extent of the 
 use a range of indicators to gauge the nature, scale and extent of the environmental catastrop 
ange of indicators to gauge the nature, scale and extent of the environmental catastrophe that  
s focused on maximising the information yield, with an emphasis on isotopic/radiometric dating, 
10022 9  of the tree-of-life, the holometabolan insects. we have already developed a set of bioinformat 
 the large number of available data for insects. we will also provide scripts to enable an iter 
ase regularly for an ever expanding dna taxonomy resource. the current best trees will be avail 
ownload so that members of the research community may combine them with their data for their ow 
 species and sequences, a pool of large-scale phylogenetic trees representing each individual g 
de a more complete understanding of the phylogeny of the group. these trees will also then form 
monly used genes. finally, an important function of the database is its use in identifying unkn 
ready for a general synthesis and broad scale phylogenetic analysis. with comparatively simple  
 towards building the universal tree of insects.  
12421 3  to deliver a flexible, fit-for-purpose monitoring strategy for key parts of uk monitoring requ 
monitoring strategy for key parts of uk monitoring requirements assessments. it requires compre 
udgements to be made on a wide range of ecosystem components.  
7386 4                            the study of functional diversity is essential to the sustainable ma 
versity is essential to the sustainable management of forest trees. lignin content, major chara 
ential to the sustainable management of forest trees. lignin content, major character of the wo 
 combines genomic, genetic, statistical modeling and wood chemistry  
15023 2 burrowing, while in other cases digging adaptation depends only on limbs. the idea is to use as 
yological differences with the size and function factors. methodology to be used would include  
7643 16                               species - abundance relations are fundamental in ecology. their m 
 abundance relations are fundamental in ecology. their modeling is at the origin of numerous as 
tions are fundamental in ecology. their modeling is at the origin of numerous assumptions and t 
rom regional to local, or based on life traits or functions. taking coral fish communities as a 
 life traits or functions. taking coral fish communities as a model, we propose to investigate  
ons. taking coral fish communities as a model, we propose to investigate how these relationship 
ging from local to regional, panel life traits, this over spatial scales and according to sever 
spatial scales and according to several connectivity scenarios or changes in environmental cond 
s and according to several connectivity scenarios or changes in environmental conditions. this  
everal thousand species and hundreds of functional groups. the global decline of coral, a major 
or the future of the reefs is linked to global change: the proposed modeling should bring answe 
s linked to global change: the proposed modeling should bring answers to the changing patterns  
ing answers to the changing patterns of coral reef fish communities following a decline of cora 
 to the changing patterns of coral reef fish communities following a decline of coral. this wor 
the enormous potential of data on coral fish communities to address a broad range of assumption 
oad range of assumptions in theoretical ecology  
10029 16          with rising concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that  
ng concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor the hea 
important that we monitor the health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satell 
 health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satellite or airborne sensors is us 
tive means of achieving this task. much remote sensing research attempts to improve the resolut 
 in aquatic systems where the overlying water column strongly attenuates sunlight and therefore 
ch projects usually focus on a specific ecosystem and issue / for example, can we distinguish l 
als and seaweeds too similar or was the water too deep or murky at the study site and the waves 
pare them to others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environ 
others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some as 
 how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly  
an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly well understood, such as the  
 such as the passage of light through a water column. however, the interaction of light with a  
ecently been modelled. we achieved this modelling using radiosity methods a generic statistical 
radiosity methods a generic statistical environment to combine both spectral and ecological dat 
ring accurate data at each stage of the remote sensing process which will help prioritise the c 
11058 16          with rising concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that  
ng concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor the hea 
important that we monitor the health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satell 
 health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satellite or airborne sensors is us 
tive means of achieving this task. much remote sensing research attempts to improve the resolut 
 in aquatic systems where the overlying water column strongly attenuates sunlight and therefore 
ch projects usually focus on a specific ecosystem and issue / for example, can we distinguish l 
als and seaweeds too similar or was the water too deep or murky at the study site and the waves 
pare them to others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environ 
others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some as 
 how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly  
an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly well understood, such as the  
 such as the passage of light through a water column. however, the interaction of light with a  
ecently been modelled. we achieved this modelling using radiosity methods a generic statistical 
radiosity methods a generic statistical environment to combine both spectral and ecological dat 
ring accurate data at each stage of the remote sensing process which will help prioritise the c 
11205 6                          viral lysis of marine phytoplankton is recognised as playing a key rol 
                  viral lysis of marine phytoplankton is recognised as playing a key role in gl 
nvestigate the unique life histories of phytoplankton viruses and help resolve why marine micro 
toplankton viruses and help resolve why marine micro-algal viruses have the largest virus genom 
ay and use transcriptomics to determine function of an estimated 400 - 500 genes in its 400 kbp 
 will be generated from a natural virus community to determine life histories of unculturable v 
10674 1 his is an entirely novel application of gis and will test the potential of such approaches to r 
12745 2 100 questions of greatest importance to conservation policy makers and practitioners at the glo 
 makers and practitioners at the global scale.  
10807 20 the first thing that anyone diving on a coral reef will notice is the multitude of fishes. more 
han others. what controls the number of fish of each species at different sites like any specie 
ng eaten by other fishes, the amount of fishing, and the number that die because of competition 
ing, and the number that die because of competition with other species or because there is not  
 are difficult to estimate because most fish larvae are small, develop away from reefs, and are 
 problems, if we could make a realistic model of the processes controlling the number of fishes 
ld provide important insights into reef ecology, and aid conservation work. there have been lot 
ant insights into reef ecology, and aid conservation work. there have been lots of studies on o 
udies on one or a few factors affecting fish populations, and this means it is possible to link 
her to construct an overall theoretical model. for example, we know that predation by carnivoro 
etical model. for example, we know that predation by carnivorous fishes significantly affects t 
ore places for fishes to hide and avoid predators. i have developed a theoretical model that su 
edators. i have developed a theoretical model that summarises all these interactions. structura 
these interactions. structural equation modelling relative to a range of other factors. by comb 
ding of reefs, these findings will help conservation efforts. by knowing the relative importanc 
ce of key factors that affect different fish populations, and the interactions among them, mana 
s will be able to design more effective marine reserves. for example, is it better to place a m 
s. for example, is it better to place a marine reserve where lots of fish larvae arrive, or whe 
to place a marine reserve where lots of fish larvae arrive, or where there are large areas of n 
 where there are large areas of nursery habitat  
11001 8 virtually every species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nema 
 species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examin 
and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen 
 examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit 
tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo 
f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i 
h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which  
d the selective processes by which this diversity is maintained.  
11003 8 virtually every species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nema 
 species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examin 
and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen 
 examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit 
tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo 
f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i 
h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which  
d the selective processes by which this diversity is maintained.  
11199 8 virtually every species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nema 
 species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examin 
and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen 
 examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit 
tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo 
f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i 
h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which  
d the selective processes by which this diversity is maintained.  
11517 8 virtually every species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nema 
 species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examin 
and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen 
 examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit 
tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo 
f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i 
h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which  
d the selective processes by which this diversity is maintained.  
11790 8 virtually every species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nema 
 species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examin 
and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen 
 examine the origins and maintenance of genetic diversity in host and parasite populations. wit 
tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo 
f vertebrate and nematode genomes where genetic diversity is maintained through the continued i 
h antagonists, the consequences of this genetic diversity and the selective processes by which  
d the selective processes by which this diversity is maintained.  
12596 23 ed peatlands, such as those drained for agriculture or used for peat extraction, release large  
extraction, release large quantities of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, thereby  
ities of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, thereby contributing to global warming. 
carbon dioxide, thereby contributing to global warming. restoration of these damaged peatlands  
thereby contributing to global warming. restoration of these damaged peatlands is promoted as a 
promoted as a means of restarting their carbon sink function so that they take up or sequester  
a means of restarting their carbon sink function so that they take up or sequester more carbon  
 so that they take up or sequester more carbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxid 
rbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide than they release to it; that is, so tha 
that is, so that they act as a brake on global warming. however, restoration schemes have not c 
 as a brake on global warming. however, restoration schemes have not considered the release of  
emes have not considered the release of methane from peatlands. like carbon dioxide, methane is 
release of methane from peatlands. like carbon dioxide, methane is a carbon gas, but it is much 
ne from peatlands. like carbon dioxide, methane is a carbon gas, but it is much more potent as  
ands. like carbon dioxide, methane is a carbon gas, but it is much more potent as a greenhouse  
s a greenhouse gas. therefore, although methane is emitted from peatlands in relatively small q 
ed when judging the success of peatland restoration from the perspective of climate change. giv 
and restoration from the perspective of climate change. given the uncertain role of methane in  
ate change. given the uncertain role of methane in the carbon balance of restored peatlands, th 
en the uncertain role of methane in the carbon balance of restored peatlands, this study aims t 
 restored peatlands, this study aims to review existing literature to see how methane emissions 
o review existing literature to see how methane emissions from restored peatlands compare with  
ed by a report summarising a literature review and the results from an expert workshop and an i 
10072 23 mentally important organisms within the marine environment, forming the very base of almost all 
y important organisms within the marine environment, forming the very base of almost all marine 
nt, forming the very base of almost all marine food webs. this diverse group of organisms are f 
ming the very base of almost all marine food webs. this diverse group of organisms are frequent 
 frequently referred to as being either phytoplankton . a key group of zooplankton are protozoo 
g either phytoplankton . a key group of zooplankton are protozooplankton, which are singled cel 
nk between organisms at the base of the marine food web and larger planktonic predators. they a 
een organisms at the base of the marine food web and larger planktonic predators. they are also 
e marine food web and larger planktonic predators. they are also critically important as nutrie 
ortant as nutrient recyclers within the marine environment, particularly in the case of nitroge 
as nutrient recyclers within the marine environment, particularly in the case of nitrogen. many 
nvironment, particularly in the case of nitrogen. many species of protozooplankton can be consi 
position and structure of bacterial and phytoplankton communities. because of the sheer abundan 
nkton communities. because of the sheer abundance of these organisms within the oceans, this ha 
ns, effecting how key elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, are cycled within aquatic environm 
ng how key elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, are cycled within aquatic environments. there 
 drop in feeding rate of the flagellate predator. interestingly, white blood cells within our c 
, that in addition to being relevant to marine food webs, our results may shed light on the ear 
in addition to being relevant to marine food webs, our results may shed light on the early orig 
tor occurs amongst different species of marine flagellates and ciliates. we will also use these 
, depending on the feeding state of the predator. through conducting these experiments we aim t 
o progress our understanding of aquatic ecosystems, by revealing underlying mechanisms through  
ms through which functionally important marine microbial species interact.  
13819 18 amatic declines in ectomycorrhizal onto forest ecosystems. similar reductions in diversity are  
declines in ectomycorrhizal onto forest ecosystems. similar reductions in diversity are also fr 
orest ecosystems. similar reductions in diversity are also frequently observed after the additi 
equently observed after the addition of nitrogen fertilizers to increase wood production in bor 
f nitrogen fertilizers to increase wood production in boreal forests. however, some ecm fungi r 
s to increase wood production in boreal forests. however, some ecm fungi respond positively to  
on in boreal forests. however, some ecm fungi respond positively to nitrogen additions. by comp 
r, some ecm fungi respond positively to nitrogen additions. by comparing these species with tho 
 determine which characteristics of ecm fungi make them sensitive to fertilisation. this projec 
isms behind the observed changes in ecm diversity following fertilisation. the project is divid 
 designed to separate direct effects of fertilization upon the fungi and indirect effects media 
irect effects of fertilization upon the fungi and indirect effects mediated through the tree re 
cts of fertilization upon the fungi and indirect effects mediated through the tree response to  
ant sanctioning against inefficient ecm fungi will be investigated. identifying why ecm species 
m species are particularly sensitive to nitrogen may make it possible to suggest ways of balanc 
le to suggest ways of balancing optimal production gains while minimising negative impacts upon 
duction gains while minimising negative impacts upon ecm fungal diversity through altering fert 
mising negative impacts upon ecm fungal diversity through altering fertilizer dosage, compositi 
15372 15                       understanding the nature and the causes of the geographic range limits of 
cies are key and classical questions in biogeography, ecology and evolutionary biology. a range 
nd classical questions in biogeography, ecology and evolutionary biology. a range boundary may  
dary may be determined by environmental stress, species interactions and dispersal limitations. 
 be determined by environmental stress, species interactions and dispersal limitations. disenta 
mental stress, species interactions and dispersal limitations. disentangling the role played by 
to accurately forecast the responses to climate change. in this project, we aim to investigate  
e abiotic and biotic causes determining distribution patterns of two species of canopy-forming  
tterns of two species of canopy-forming algae, himanthalia elongata and fucus serratus, at thei 
 two species differ in their life-cycle traits and in the pattern of geographical distribution  
aits and in the pattern of geographical distribution in nw iberian peninsula. we are considerin 
wo initial hypotheses: i the geographic distribution of himanthalia elongata in nw iberian peni 
rticularly in determining the scattered distribution inside bays observed in atlantic shores. i 
nteractions and physical factors in the distribution of h. elongata and f. serratus. mms consti 
h. elongata will concur with its actual distribution whereas the mm modelled for f.serratus wil 
13457 31                      a future bio-based production will require increased agricultural manageme 
ion will require increased agricultural management for production of food and biofuels. an inte 
e increased agricultural management for production of food and biofuels. an intensified product 
l management for production of food and biofuels. an intensified production may impair the carb 
on of food and biofuels. an intensified production may impair the carbon sequestration in the s 
n intensified production may impair the carbon sequestration in the soil and increase release o 
 impair the carbon sequestration in the soil and increase release of carbon to the atmosphere d 
ion in the soil and increase release of carbon to the atmosphere due to actions by the microorg 
s by the microorganisms responsible for carbon cycling in agricultural soils. global climate pr 
ible for carbon cycling in agricultural soils. global climate projections depend today on model 
n cycling in agricultural soils. global climate projections depend today on models that estimat 
epend today on models that estimate the carbon fluxes from soils under land use and climate cha 
ls that estimate the carbon fluxes from soils under land use and climate change. despite the kn 
mate the carbon fluxes from soils under land use and climate change. despite the known importan 
on fluxes from soils under land use and climate change. despite the known importance of soil mi 
change. despite the known importance of soil microorganisms we lack knowledge of the mechanisms 
identity of the key microbial actors of carbon cycling in soils. the aim of this project is to  
y microbial actors of carbon cycling in soils. the aim of this project is to determine the func 
aim of this project is to determine the functional diversity of microorganisms on gene level th 
n gene level that is directly affecting carbon cycling in agricultural soils. we propose here a 
ffecting carbon cycling in agricultural soils. we propose here a way to develop and use cost ef 
use cost efficient methods to determine genetic diversity of extracellular enzymes produced by  
ty of extracellular enzymes produced by soil microorganism. we will adopt the sequence capture  
iently enrich for genes involved in the degradation of complex carbon sources, that is up to 20 
 involved in the degradation of complex carbon sources, that is up to 200 times faster and 100  
echnology. we will apply the methods on soils from 25 farms in europe and sweden with varied ma 
y the methods on soils from 25 farms in europe and sweden with varied management intensities an 
ds on soils from 25 farms in europe and sweden with varied management intensities and with bioi 
 farms in europe and sweden with varied management intensities and with bioinfomatics the seque 
sequences generated will provide us the diversity and functions of microorganisms in soil commu 
sity and functions of microorganisms in soil communities.  
11431 2           the single greatest source of uncertainty in the estimates of climate sensitivity to  
urce of uncertainty in the estimates of climate sensitivity to either natural or man-made chang 
12549 1 bility of the crop. within the european community the uk has protected zone status to prevent t 
10165 9        the project will use melanism in birds as a model system to investigate the genetics of  
project will use melanism in birds as a model system to investigate the genetics of adaptation. 
l system to investigate the genetics of adaptation. melanism involves an increase in dark melan 
ly occurs as a polymorphic character in birds, i.e. melanic and non-melanic individuals co-exis 
esponsible for all cases of melanism in birds, and whether dark plumage evolution through speci 
nism in birds, and whether dark plumage evolution through species formation has the same cause  
e of the mc1r in other types of plumage evolution, such as a switch between red and black pluma 
e readily comprehensible by the broader community, and have the potential to become a classic e 
classic example of the genetic basis of evolution.  
2028 12 s has been to understand how individual traits of organisms affect species interactions and com 
w individual traits of organisms affect species interactions and community dynamics. recent bre 
ganisms affect species interactions and community dynamics. recent breakthroughs provide ecolog 
to study the effect of individual plant traits on interactions in ecosystems. such an ecogenomi 
ividual plant traits on interactions in ecosystems. such an ecogenomic approach is the topic of 
approach is the topic of this proposal. food webs are overlaid with infochemical webs that medi 
eractions can have important effects on community dynamics. infochemicals are interesting in th 
fitness, and thus for interactions in a community. infochemicals from plants influence interact 
and specific process that is induced by herbivory. the infochemicals attract carnivores that af 
effects on individual interactions in a food web in addition to a quantitative food web analysi 
 food web in addition to a quantitative food web analysis. this novel approach creates an essen 
en molecular, chemical, behavioural and community ecology.  
2104 4 ctive is to accumulate knowledge on the taxonomy, phylogeny and ecological diversification of b 
o accumulate knowledge on the taxonomy, phylogeny and ecological diversification of brown-spore 
characters. we will infer the molecular phylogeny and test species boundaries and character evo 
d test species boundaries and character evolution of the brown-spored agarics and the genus gal 
15083 11                                         soil and litter are the reservoir of a huge number of m 
servoir of a huge number of microscopic fungi including the hyphomycetes. these moulds are the  
s the asco- and basidiomycetes. most of fungi of biotechnological interest and important plant  
d important plant and animal pathogenic fungi belong to them. it can be estimated that the rich 
them. it can be estimated that the rich vegetation and the climatic variety of the different sp 
ferent spanish regions leads to a great diversity of hyphomycetes. on this basis and taking int 
or knowledge of the spanish microscopic fungi we will develop a study of the soil and litter hy 
ic fungi we will develop a study of the soil and litter hyphomycetes diversity. different geogr 
udy of the soil and litter hyphomycetes diversity. different geographic areas will be sampled a 
 isolate a representative number of the fungi grown using different techniques. they will be id 
s and made available for the scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequences will be  
14715 11                                         soil and litter are the reservoir of a huge number of m 
servoir of a huge number of microscopic fungi including the hyphomycetes. these moulds are the  
s the asco- and basidiomycetes. most of fungi of biotechnological interest and important plant  
d important plant and animal pathogenic fungi belong to them. it can be estimated that the rich 
them. it can be estimated that the rich vegetation and the climatic variety of the different sp 
ferent spanish regions leads to a great diversity of hyphomycetes. on this basis and taking int 
or knowledge of the spanish microscopic fungi we will develop a study of the soil and litter hy 
ic fungi we will develop a study of the soil and litter hyphomycetes diversity. different geogr 
udy of the soil and litter hyphomycetes diversity. different geographic areas will be sampled a 
 isolate a representative number of the fungi grown using different techniques. they will be id 
s and made available for the scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequences will be  
10883 15           detecting and quantifying our biodiversity is a fundamental prerequisite to understan 
l prerequisite to understanding how our ecosystems and their services are formed, and how natur 
atural and anthropogenic factors effect ecosystem viability. whilst this is well advanced for m 
ced for most fields of animal and plant ecology, the microscopic nature of bacteria means we ha 
imal and plant ecology, the microscopic nature of bacteria means we have virtually no understan 
lant ecology, the microscopic nature of bacteria means we have virtually no understanding of wh 
derstanding of what the major groups of bacteria, or their distributions, are within great brit 
, are within great britain. critically, bacteria perform central roles in enhancing plant produ 
erform central roles in enhancing plant productivity and biogeochemical nutrient cycling. it is 
g plant productivity and biogeochemical nutrient cycling. it is imperative that we understand w 
groups are present, what controls their distribution, and how environmental changes occurring n 
now, and in the future, will affect the diversity of their populations, the biogeochemical func 
perform and how this maps to integrated ecosystem assessments. in this application, we propose  
lecular biological methods, measure key soil chemistry parameters, and co-analyse these data ri 
high resolution maps of bacterial group distribution across great britain and couple these data 
9873 1  within reach, since due to the fibrous growth of calcite fibres on brittle fault planes, start 
2168 1 es and in a tri-trophic food chain with cyanobacteria or green alga d. magna zebrafish danio re 
15064 14                    the principal aim of ecology is to explain the high variability and differen 
 not an easy target, due to the amazing diversity and richness of the natural world. for this r 
arget, due to the amazing diversity and richness of the natural world. for this reason, the cho 
s is crucial. what is a good biological model generally, a good model is considered to be one t 
good biological model generally, a good model is considered to be one that is easy to observe a 
rmits rapid publication of results. the risk in evaluating a biological model in such a way is  
ts. the risk in evaluating a biological model in such a way is that it always limits our invest 
o deeply understand and explain natural diversity using a narrow range of biological models. th 
ge of biological models. the process of dispersal and dispersing individuals are crucial elemen 
viduals are crucial elements regulating population dynamics, trajectories, spatial and temporal 
 spatial and temporal distributions and stability, as well as their likelihood of extinction. i 
ability, as well as their likelihood of extinction. in previous work, we showed how the surviva 
cently started to approach the study of dispersal to a new perspective, the one of biological m 
topic to reinforce current practices of conservation biology applied to animal populations.  
10277 3 gafaunal species geographical ranges to climate, habitat and components of their diet. we will  
species geographical ranges to climate, habitat and components of their diet. we will then use  
ich species survived and which suffered extinction. the results of our study will help elucidat 
10288 3 gafaunal species geographical ranges to climate, habitat and components of their diet. we will  
species geographical ranges to climate, habitat and components of their diet. we will then use  
ich species survived and which suffered extinction. the results of our study will help elucidat 
10531 3 gafaunal species geographical ranges to climate, habitat and components of their diet. we will  
species geographical ranges to climate, habitat and components of their diet. we will then use  
ich species survived and which suffered extinction. the results of our study will help elucidat 
2546 11 onstitute the majority of total pelagic biomass at higher latitudes. the trophodynamics of thes 
 latitudes. the trophodynamics of these algae are therefore of key importance for understanding 
e for understanding some of the largest ecosystems on earth. despite decades of investigations  
 the quantitative knowledge about these algae as food for zooplankton and subsequent productivi 
knowledge about these algae as food for zooplankton and subsequent productivity of higher troph 
 as food for zooplankton and subsequent productivity of higher trophic levels is limited and co 
ic quantification of copepods and other zooplankton feeding on phaeocystis in situ. based on th 
d methodologies in quantitative aquatic ecology, and has a significant potential to increase th 
of phaeocystis in the global cycling of climate gases and transfer of energy to higher trophic  
ycling of climate gases and transfer of energy to higher trophic levels, such as fisheries.  
nergy to higher trophic levels, such as fisheries.  
13779 14                                  boreal stream ecosystems have large intrinsic values but our u 
                          boreal stream ecosystems have large intrinsic values but our understa 
understanding about their structure and function is still weak which holds back the development 
tion is still weak which holds back the development of useful management strategies. this defic 
ch holds back the development of useful management strategies. this deficit is unfortunate beca 
s deficit is unfortunate because boreal forests are strongly affected by forestry and predicted 
boreal forests are strongly affected by forestry and predicted to experience relatively strong  
edicted to experience relatively strong climate change effects with likely negative consequence 
s with likely negative consequences for stream communities and their ability to deliver ecosyst 
ommunities and their ability to deliver ecosystem goods and services. current knowledge seems t 
ated and from misconceptions, e.g. that streams are fuelled by detritus generally. the function 
expected to generate useful results for stream management and conservation.  
d to generate useful results for stream management and conservation.  
seful results for stream management and conservation.  
14225 8 pecies and understanding their adaptive nature. phylogenetic comparative methods add ~100 tropi 
 study will be the first to investigate life history evolution in insects in a phylogenetic fra 
e the first to investigate life history evolution in insects in a phylogenetic framework, compa 
o investigate life history evolution in insects in a phylogenetic framework, comparing geograph 
an important step towards understanding life history evolution in insects on a global scale. fu 
step towards understanding life history evolution in insects on a global scale. furthermore, th 
understanding life history evolution in insects on a global scale. furthermore, this work will  
istory evolution in insects on a global scale. furthermore, this work will valuable as improvin 
15314 1 ends, the phenomenon also ends with the production of the resulting pattern. along this project 
10340 8 ile and non-volatile chemicals in their environment . they use this information for detecting f 
nformation for detecting food, avoiding predators, finding mates and other crucial functions. t 
animals through their functions in both habitat and mate choice, arguably the two primary forms 
atory receptor loci and key behavioural traits, such as mate and habitat choice, in recombinant 
ey behavioural traits, such as mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses  
nd expression modifications in adaptive evolution as well as pointing to candidate speciation g 
he project will provide new data on the evolution of these fascinating and important genes with 
species and contexts including pest and disease vector control.  
10994 8 ile and non-volatile chemicals in their environment . they use this information for detecting f 
nformation for detecting food, avoiding predators, finding mates and other crucial functions. t 
animals through their functions in both habitat and mate choice, arguably the two primary forms 
atory receptor loci and key behavioural traits, such as mate and habitat choice, in recombinant 
ey behavioural traits, such as mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses  
nd expression modifications in adaptive evolution as well as pointing to candidate speciation g 
he project will provide new data on the evolution of these fascinating and important genes with 
species and contexts including pest and disease vector control.  
9967 8 ile and non-volatile chemicals in their environment . they use this information for detecting f 
nformation for detecting food, avoiding predators, finding mates and other crucial functions. t 
animals through their functions in both habitat and mate choice, arguably the two primary forms 
atory receptor loci and key behavioural traits, such as mate and habitat choice, in recombinant 
ey behavioural traits, such as mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses  
nd expression modifications in adaptive evolution as well as pointing to candidate speciation g 
he project will provide new data on the evolution of these fascinating and important genes with 
species and contexts including pest and disease vector control.  
13742 25 ork demands large areas of high quality habitat to sustain. preferred habitats are wetlands and 
itat to sustain. preferred habitats are wetlands and non-cultivated grasslands. in a good stork 
abitats are wetlands and non-cultivated grasslands. in a good stork habitat, a plethora of more 
-cultivated grasslands. in a good stork habitat, a plethora of more or less threatened species  
 the interest of the general public for wetland conservation issues, and its reintroduction may 
erest of the general public for wetland conservation issues, and its reintroduction may therefo 
ject i intend to construct a predictive habitat distribution model for the storks in southern s 
ntend to construct a predictive habitat distribution model for the storks in southern sweden. t 
truct a predictive habitat distribution model for the storks in southern sweden. the model will 
bution model for the storks in southern sweden. the model will relate the habitat use and repro 
 for the storks in southern sweden. the model will relate the habitat use and reproductive succ 
thern sweden. the model will relate the habitat use and reproductive success of the storks, to  
 reproductive success of the storks, to habitat characteristics in a gis database. i will devel 
storks, to habitat characteristics in a gis database. i will develop the model using data on th 
s in a gis database. i will develop the model using data on the storks present in 2002-2004, an 
he storks released in 2005-2006. as the habitat data are available for the whole potential bree 
e potential breeding range of storks in sweden, predictions on available stork habitat can be m 
 sweden, predictions on available stork habitat can be made for this range. thus, it will be po 
inable breeding population of storks in sweden. the stork habitat identified with the model wil 
pulation of storks in sweden. the stork habitat identified with the model will also be valuable 
. the stork habitat identified with the model will also be valuable for many other wetland orga 
el will also be valuable for many other wetland organisms, and hence the model can be used to d 
 other wetland organisms, and hence the model can be used to direct conservation and restoratio 
d hence the model can be used to direct conservation and restoration efforts.  
 can be used to direct conservation and restoration efforts.  
12267 5 which undertook ‘traditional’ lifecycle assessment and pas 2050 compliant assessments of co2 em 
etation of the significance of biogenic carbon is key to drawing conclusions on the impacts of  
on is key to drawing conclusions on the impacts of peat use on climate change. many lca studies 
nclusions on the impacts of peat use on climate change. many lca studies discount biogenic carb 
nge. many lca studies discount biogenic carbon as there is no net emission between its sequestr 
10575 7 minal fluid proteins in mammalian sperm competition. sperm competition occurs when the ejaculat 
s in mammalian sperm competition. sperm competition occurs when the ejaculates of different mal 
s a pervasive selection pressure in the evolution of ejaculate characteristics and other reprod 
 characteristics and other reproductive traits for diverse animal taxa. in particular, it is no 
culates is strongly influenced by sperm competition. however, sperm usually make up only a tiny 
fraction of total ejaculate volume male dominance status. as well as testing for predicted chan 
s with likely functional roles in sperm competition. these findings will establish the role of  
13712 16 f leaving trees on clearcuts to benefit biodiversity, introduced as a conservation tool in swed 
o benefit biodiversity, introduced as a conservation tool in sweden a few decades ago, to suppl 
y, introduced as a conservation tool in sweden a few decades ago, to supplement and partly decr 
lement and partly decrease the need for protected areas. it is today applied in production fore 
protected areas. it is today applied in production forests around the world, making it good exa 
reas. it is today applied in production forests around the world, making it good examples of an 
e world, making it good examples of an ´ecosystem approach´ in practice. although conducted at  
ugh conducted at every final harvest in sweden since more than 15 years, and implying costs for 
e than 15 years, and implying costs for forest owners of at least 1 billion sek per year, a tho 
east 1 billion sek per year, a thorough evaluation taking into account ecological, economic and 
ll be applicable to the 240 000 swedish forest owners and on the hundreds of thousands of hecta 
s will also be of strategic interest to policy-making since they will either reject or sustain  
r reject or sustain the current swedish forest conservation policy with conservation actions ta 
t or sustain the current swedish forest conservation policy with conservation actions taken on  
swedish forest conservation policy with conservation actions taken on multiple scales. since sw 
actions taken on multiple scales. since sweden was a pioneer in tree retention improved knowled 
12712 5                 this project requires a review, collation and analysis of bird population and d 
ion and analysis of bird population and distribution data, which will then be used to further s 
her support, outside this contract, the development and application of guidance and principles  
ce and principles as part of a targeted review of the current uk network of terrestrial and coa 
overnment and its statutory agencies to review the spa network  
12751 4 ountries in preserving the rich natural biodiversity in forests under the international redd+ s 
erving the rich natural biodiversity in forests under the international redd+ scheme - some of  
sity in forests under the international redd+ scheme - some of which will be spent on helping r 
 will be spent on helping reduce global deforestation.  
12744 3 dence required to deliver defras global biodiversity sub-programme and to prepare outline proje 
project proposals for the international biodiversity assessment unit for the period 2008 – 2013 
sals for the international biodiversity assessment unit for the period 2008 – 2013.  
12704 8                                     the wildlife and countryside r&d and non r&d programmes aim 
he evidence requirements of three defra policy divisions namely sponsorship, landscape, and rec 
ra policy divisions namely sponsorship, landscape, and recreation. the purpose of this review i 
ions namely sponsorship, landscape, and recreation. the purpose of this review is to assess the 
pe, and recreation. the purpose of this review is to assess the effectiveness of the research p 
l to the department in the formulation, monitoring and execution of policy, and make recommenda 
ormulation, monitoring and execution of policy, and make recommendations on the future composit 
endations on the future composition and management of the programme.  
12455 9                      summary objective: review international best practice and appropriate know 
efra and eu projects, ices and regional management organisations , etc. key customer purpose: d 
 , etc. key customer purpose: develop a risk analysis framework for the identification, assessm 
lysis framework for the identification, assessment, management and communication of risk. the f 
ork for the identification, assessment, management and communication of risk. the framework wil 
ssment, management and communication of risk. the framework will increase our capacity to both  
city to both understand and incorporate uncertainty and risk when making fisheries management d 
erstand and incorporate uncertainty and risk when making fisheries management decisions.  
porate uncertainty and risk when making fisheries management decisions.  
10179 4  as important drivers of bacterial host evolution, both in terms of predator-prey relationships 
terial host evolution, both in terms of predator-prey relationships and in terms of phage conve 
that converting phages of gram-negative bacteria are far more widespread in the environment tha 
bacteria are far more widespread in the environment than previously considered. a series of pos 
10284 6 im to construct a spatial multi-species ecosystem model focused on commercially exploited fish  
truct a spatial multi-species ecosystem model focused on commercially exploited fish in the nor 
model focused on commercially exploited fish in the northern european shelf , that are frequent 
uently advocated as the way forward for ecosystem-based management in fisheries. a key part of  
rward for ecosystem-based management in fisheries. a key part of our proposal is therefore a co 
omparative study involving ewe regional ecosystem models, with a view to identifying the streng 
13980 2  likely to be determinants of desirable traits. until very recently, the only practical approac 
onary history of populations from large-scale genotype information. i will focus on locating se 
12456 13 the best-suited to answering particular fisheries management questions. evaluate problems encou 
red when applied to case study-specific management scenarios, and evaluate the relative strengt 
plied to case study-specific management scenarios, and evaluate the relative strengths and weak 
ly evaluate the usefulness of different modelling approaches for exploring wider ecosystem cons 
odelling approaches for exploring wider ecosystem considerations of fisheries in the marine env 
oring wider ecosystem considerations of fisheries in the marine environment. assess how importa 
stem considerations of fisheries in the marine environment. assess how important the interactio 
nsiderations of fisheries in the marine environment. assess how important the interactions are  
 important the interactions are between predators and their prey in comparison with other sourc 
rey in comparison with other sources of uncertainty in fisheries models, and help to predict kn 
on with other sources of uncertainty in fisheries models, and help to predict knock-on, ecosyst 
s models, and help to predict knock-on, ecosystem implications of future management actions.  
ck-on, ecosystem implications of future management actions.  
14751 11                                         recovery of endangered and endemic flora is crucial not 
d endemic flora is crucial not only for biodiversity conservation per se but also for the resto 
ty conservation per se but also for the restoration of the natural habitats supporting such a s 
tats supporting such a singular type of vegetation. as it is well-known, the in situ and ex sit 
 is well-known, the in situ and ex situ conservation of endangered flora has a number of eco-ph 
h prevent both auto-regeneration of the endangered species in their natural habitats and their  
. in this project it is postulated that optimization of the mycorrhizal status of these plants  
l inoculation for the reintroduction of endangered species and for the ecological restoration o 
ction of endangered species and for the ecological restoration of degraded communities of dolom 
isms, in term of increasing plant cover development and for improving physical-chemical propert 
sical-chemical properties attributes of soil quality.  
9828 8 ffects of long term tnt exposure on the soil microbial community structure, diversity and funct 
s of long term tnt exposure on the soil microbial community structure, diversity and function u 
the soil microbial community structure, diversity and function using molecular biology approach 
bial community structure, diversity and function using molecular biology approaches. we will co 
 conduct experiments to investigate the stability of tnt contaminated soil microbial communitie 
igate the stability of tnt contaminated soil microbial communities when challenged with additio 
ch a comprehensive understanding of the ecosystem and its response to xenobiotic stress is esse 
cosystem and its response to xenobiotic stress is essential for bioremediation strategies to be 
14696 1  the aim of the project is to study the diversity of prokaryotic species living in rambla salad 
12759 2 ll provide information on the potential impacts of geo-engineering activities on biodiversity a 
mpacts of geo-engineering activities on biodiversity and the availability of regulatory mechani 
2088 2          the project is focusing on the taxonomy of the stenothoid genus metopa, a genus that i 
ies. in addition, collection of data on habitat, biology and diet and whenever possible also on 
14667 2 publication of results about: calicioid lichens and fungi; pertusariales; rinodina, buellia and 
of results about: calicioid lichens and fungi; pertusariales; rinodina, buellia and hafellia;cr 
1979 10 eed for tools to predict the effects of habitat change on wildlife. after earlier abandoning ca 
redict the effects of habitat change on wildlife. after earlier abandoning carrying capacity as 
e on wildlife. after earlier abandoning carrying capacity as a useful concept, scientists now a 
now agree that in the case of migratory birds the carrying capacity of a non-breeding site can  
that in the case of migratory birds the carrying capacity of a non-breeding site can be meaning 
s a site can support. current models of carrying capacity assume a single giving-up food densit 
capacity assume a single giving-up food density . as the proposed research can build on laborio 
ous and time-consuming measurements and model developments, this provides a unique opportunity  
s provides a unique opportunity to test carrying capacity models of varying degrees of complexi 
g capacity models of varying degrees of complexity.  
14509 1                                parallel evolution is a form of homoplasy in which the same trai 
11671 24 o examine the contribution of different life history stages to the local population dynamics of 
ferent life history stages to the local population dynamics of some stream insects. understandi 
o the local population dynamics of some stream insects. understanding the factors that limit po 
ocal population dynamics of some stream insects. understanding the factors that limit populatio 
f vital importance to sound practice in conservation and environmental management. traditionall 
e to sound practice in conservation and environmental management. traditionally, freshwater eco 
nvironmental management. traditionally, freshwater ecologists have focused on the aquatic, juve 
used on the aquatic, juvenile stages of insects, with considerably less attention devoted to th 
rial adults. we will concentrate on the recruitment of eggs from the terrestrial into the aquat 
l a substantial knowledge gap about the ecology of these life stages. it seems likely that eith 
ay eggs may limit population size. many stream insects lay their eggs on the underside of strea 
 may limit population size. many stream insects lay their eggs on the underside of stream rocks 
ects lay their eggs on the underside of stream rocks that are emergent from the water s surface 
stream rocks that are emergent from the water s surface and we will test whether the supply of  
upply of emergent rocks might limit egg recruitment. further, egg-laying females may be influen 
d we will test also how this influences recruitment. once the eggs hatch, the mobility of neona 
 neonate movement, we will identify the spatial scale relevant to studies about population dyna 
spatial scale relevant to studies about population dynamics. alternatively, effects of emergent 
k limitation may be overwhelmed by high mortality of eggs or neonates, suggesting a different u 
ng a different underlying mechanism for recruitment limitation. a lack of any pattern between e 
r bottlenecks occur for egg and neonate life history stages, how strong those bottlenecks might 
ntal importance to ecological models of population dynamics. information on how insects use eme 
population dynamics. information on how insects use emergent rocks, will be of use to river man 
s, will be of use to river managers and rehabilitation projects.  
10280 9 rtical exchange, controlling biological growth through the summer and enabling the sequestratio 
waters from the dark nutrient rich deep water. the vertical mixing of nutrients across the seas 
rich deep water. the vertical mixing of nutrients across the seasonal thermocline acts to coupl 
his well-lit surface zone with the deep water nutrient supply, leading to the formation of a la 
 leading to the formation of a layer of phytoplankton within the thermocline . this phenomenon  
to account for about half of the annual carbon fixation in seasonally stratified shelf seas, an 
 responsible for the vertical mixing of nutrients across the thermocline is a vital prerequisit 
isite to our understanding of shelf sea ecosystems. our proposal is to investigate the role of  
paign closely integrated with numerical model predictions using both 1d and 3d numerical models 
10553 9 rtical exchange, controlling biological growth through the summer and enabling the sequestratio 
waters from the dark nutrient rich deep water. the vertical mixing of nutrients across the seas 
rich deep water. the vertical mixing of nutrients across the seasonal thermocline acts to coupl 
his well-lit surface zone with the deep water nutrient supply, leading to the formation of a la 
 leading to the formation of a layer of phytoplankton within the thermocline . this phenomenon  
to account for about half of the annual carbon fixation in seasonally stratified shelf seas, an 
 responsible for the vertical mixing of nutrients across the thermocline is a vital prerequisit 
isite to our understanding of shelf sea ecosystems. our proposal is to investigate the role of  
paign closely integrated with numerical model predictions using both 1d and 3d numerical models 
9929 10 s a key component of the north atlantic ecosystem, forming a vital link between primary product 
ecosystem, forming a vital link between primary production and fisheries. calanus feeds and rep 
tal link between primary production and fisheries. calanus feeds and reproduces in the surface  
mporal variability in the spring/summer abundance of calanus, it is vital to understand factors 
pth are not known, but the avoidance of predators may be one of the factors. we have previously 
usly made an extensive study of calanus predator-prey interactions in the irminger basin in the 
ng depth of the calanus and that of its predators. this study will use data from elsewhere in t 
 provide new information on the role of predators in winter mortality of calanus and insights i 
tion on the role of predators in winter mortality of calanus and insights into the factors behi 
may respond to ongoing changes in ocean climate.  
10812 16                     questions about the abundance of animal populations are as old as the scien 
opulations are as old as the science of ecology. answers include tigers are rare because they a 
ause they are not suited to the british climate . these are actually answers to different quest 
stions: the first is about the relative abundance of different species; the second is about var 
 linked because the pattern of relative abundance varies from place to place. for example, dart 
k. for the first time it is possible to model in the same analysis the variation in abundance o 
l in the same analysis the variation in abundance of multiple species in many places. it is now 
w possible to compare the importance of evolution and ecology in determining which species shou 
compare the importance of evolution and ecology in determining which species should be common o 
pecies should be common or rare and why abundance varies from place to place. my research takes 
 new methods to ask questions about the abundance of mammals and british butterflies. mammals a 
es are also an ideal group for studying abundance, due to the systematic records from across th 
valuable datasets in biology. analysing abundance data in a single framework means that it beco 
ch allows me to address questions about spatial scale. for example, are species that are locall 
ensitive to humans more likely to be at risk of global extinction relatively little is known ab 
ans more likely to be at risk of global extinction relatively little is known about whether pro 
9961 16                     questions about the abundance of animal populations are as old as the scien 
opulations are as old as the science of ecology. answers include tigers are rare because they a 
ause they are not suited to the british climate . these are actually answers to different quest 
stions: the first is about the relative abundance of different species; the second is about var 
 linked because the pattern of relative abundance varies from place to place. for example, dart 
k. for the first time it is possible to model in the same analysis the variation in abundance o 
l in the same analysis the variation in abundance of multiple species in many places. it is now 
w possible to compare the importance of evolution and ecology in determining which species shou 
compare the importance of evolution and ecology in determining which species should be common o 
pecies should be common or rare and why abundance varies from place to place. my research takes 
 new methods to ask questions about the abundance of mammals and british butterflies. mammals a 
es are also an ideal group for studying abundance, due to the systematic records from across th 
valuable datasets in biology. analysing abundance data in a single framework means that it beco 
ch allows me to address questions about spatial scale. for example, are species that are locall 
ensitive to humans more likely to be at risk of global extinction relatively little is known ab 
ans more likely to be at risk of global extinction relatively little is known about whether pro 
10522 27 ndamental role in storing and providing freshwater and food, in supporting recreation and in pr 
ding freshwater and food, in supporting recreation and in protecting species diversity. however 
supporting recreation and in protecting species diversity. however, the stability of these ecos 
tecting species diversity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined 
ersity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined by the increased d 
ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch 
se through a societal-mediated changing climate. to safeguard against such loss of functioning  
rectives that set stringent targets for water quality and biodiversity. meeting these targets r 
stringent targets for water quality and biodiversity. meeting these targets requires a detailed 
measurements at an appropriate temporal scale. traditional monitoring, of at best weekly-fortni 
appropriate temporal scale. traditional monitoring, of at best weekly-fortnightly intervals, is 
 processes driving many aspects of lake function. to resolve these processes we need to hear ev 
ed to make such measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, 
h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar 
tricted to a meteorological station and temperature measurements. a few have other probes to me 
nts. a few have other probes to measure water quality, but these are subject to biofouling whic 
 project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure i 
network into a forecast system for lake phytoplankton behaviour and, in particular, to provide  
ar, to provide warning for the onset of phytoplankton blooms. dst2: the effect of meteorology o 
he effect of meteorology on the fate of carbon within lakes: we will track pool and flux variab 
 pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r 
to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in  
ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as 
nks exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the p 
ir and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wa 
 the position of north wall of the gulf stream have also been shown to influence directly the r 
ate not only the value of observing the environment remotely and in detail, but the benefit fro 
10752 27 ndamental role in storing and providing freshwater and food, in supporting recreation and in pr 
ding freshwater and food, in supporting recreation and in protecting species diversity. however 
supporting recreation and in protecting species diversity. however, the stability of these ecos 
tecting species diversity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined 
ersity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined by the increased d 
ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch 
se through a societal-mediated changing climate. to safeguard against such loss of functioning  
rectives that set stringent targets for water quality and biodiversity. meeting these targets r 
stringent targets for water quality and biodiversity. meeting these targets requires a detailed 
measurements at an appropriate temporal scale. traditional monitoring, of at best weekly-fortni 
appropriate temporal scale. traditional monitoring, of at best weekly-fortnightly intervals, is 
 processes driving many aspects of lake function. to resolve these processes we need to hear ev 
ed to make such measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, 
h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar 
tricted to a meteorological station and temperature measurements. a few have other probes to me 
nts. a few have other probes to measure water quality, but these are subject to biofouling whic 
 project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure i 
network into a forecast system for lake phytoplankton behaviour and, in particular, to provide  
ar, to provide warning for the onset of phytoplankton blooms. dst2: the effect of meteorology o 
he effect of meteorology on the fate of carbon within lakes: we will track pool and flux variab 
 pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r 
to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in  
ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as 
nks exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the p 
ir and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wa 
 the position of north wall of the gulf stream have also been shown to influence directly the r 
ate not only the value of observing the environment remotely and in detail, but the benefit fro 
10756 27 ndamental role in storing and providing freshwater and food, in supporting recreation and in pr 
ding freshwater and food, in supporting recreation and in protecting species diversity. however 
supporting recreation and in protecting species diversity. however, the stability of these ecos 
tecting species diversity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined 
ersity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined by the increased d 
ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch 
se through a societal-mediated changing climate. to safeguard against such loss of functioning  
rectives that set stringent targets for water quality and biodiversity. meeting these targets r 
stringent targets for water quality and biodiversity. meeting these targets requires a detailed 
measurements at an appropriate temporal scale. traditional monitoring, of at best weekly-fortni 
appropriate temporal scale. traditional monitoring, of at best weekly-fortnightly intervals, is 
 processes driving many aspects of lake function. to resolve these processes we need to hear ev 
ed to make such measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, 
h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar 
tricted to a meteorological station and temperature measurements. a few have other probes to me 
nts. a few have other probes to measure water quality, but these are subject to biofouling whic 
 project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure i 
network into a forecast system for lake phytoplankton behaviour and, in particular, to provide  
ar, to provide warning for the onset of phytoplankton blooms. dst2: the effect of meteorology o 
he effect of meteorology on the fate of carbon within lakes: we will track pool and flux variab 
 pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r 
to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in  
ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as 
nks exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the p 
ir and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wa 
 the position of north wall of the gulf stream have also been shown to influence directly the r 
ate not only the value of observing the environment remotely and in detail, but the benefit fro 
11807 27 ndamental role in storing and providing freshwater and food, in supporting recreation and in pr 
ding freshwater and food, in supporting recreation and in protecting species diversity. however 
supporting recreation and in protecting species diversity. however, the stability of these ecos 
tecting species diversity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined 
ersity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined by the increased d 
ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch 
se through a societal-mediated changing climate. to safeguard against such loss of functioning  
rectives that set stringent targets for water quality and biodiversity. meeting these targets r 
stringent targets for water quality and biodiversity. meeting these targets requires a detailed 
measurements at an appropriate temporal scale. traditional monitoring, of at best weekly-fortni 
appropriate temporal scale. traditional monitoring, of at best weekly-fortnightly intervals, is 
 processes driving many aspects of lake function. to resolve these processes we need to hear ev 
ed to make such measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, 
h measurements, automatic water quality monitoring stations . however at present, most buoys ar 
tricted to a meteorological station and temperature measurements. a few have other probes to me 
nts. a few have other probes to measure water quality, but these are subject to biofouling whic 
 project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure i 
network into a forecast system for lake phytoplankton behaviour and, in particular, to provide  
ar, to provide warning for the onset of phytoplankton blooms. dst2: the effect of meteorology o 
he effect of meteorology on the fate of carbon within lakes: we will track pool and flux variab 
 pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r 
to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in  
ong links exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as 
nks exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the p 
ir and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wa 
 the position of north wall of the gulf stream have also been shown to influence directly the r 
ate not only the value of observing the environment remotely and in detail, but the benefit fro 
7685 19                                         marine ecosystems are declining at an alarming rate, es 
                                 marine ecosystems are declining at an alarming rate, especiall 
 proportion of the population relies on marine resources and services. an understanding of driv 
ervices. an understanding of drivers of ecosystem changes, their interactions and their impacts 
m changes, their interactions and their impacts is critical to any projection of how marine soc 
ts is critical to any projection of how marine sociecosystems will evolve in the future, and fo 
on-support tool to simulate alternative marine planning scenarios, involving complex interactio 
ort tool to simulate alternative marine planning scenarios, involving complex interactions betw 
to simulate alternative marine planning scenarios, involving complex interactions between socia 
orcing. this tool aims to accompany the development of regional and national marine planning po 
he development of regional and national marine planning policies, to promote the emergence of i 
lopment of regional and national marine planning policies, to promote the emergence of innovati 
 to promote the emergence of innovative management solutions and to facilitate negociations and 
gociations and experience-sharing among stakeholders and scientists. the simulation tool will b 
on tool will be implemented at regional scale in the western indian ocean , ecological niche an 
ern indian ocean , ecological niche and connectivity models outputs under different ipcc scenar 
ity models outputs under different ipcc scenarios. the ecological and social scientists involve 
fy, simulate and assess the prospective scenarios. the project outcomes will promote integrated 
roject outcomes will promote integrated marine spatial planning in the western indian ocean. th 
12027 23                                         biological diversity is currently being rapidly and dra 
matically during the 20th century, with land use change becoming a major factor affecting the s 
e becoming a major factor affecting the spatial heterogeneity, dynamics and decline of biodiver 
 heterogeneity, dynamics and decline of biodiversity. in the mediterranean region, a global hot 
ics and decline of biodiversity. in the mediterranean region, a global hotspot of biodiversity, 
diterranean region, a global hotspot of biodiversity, the impact of human land-use change has c 
ot of biodiversity, the impact of human land-use change has contrasting spatial impacts. while  
land-use change has contrasting spatial impacts. while all out urbanisation and development of  
impacts. while all out urbanisation and development of coastal and littoral areas has destroyed 
ntinues to destroy and fragment natural habitat, the abandonment of traditional extensive agric 
he abandonment of traditional extensive agriculture in the backcountry of european mediterranea 
iculture in the backcountry of european mediterranean countries has allowed for spontaneous for 
n countries has allowed for spontaneous forest spread. this is the context for our interdiscipl 
he norms, values and representations of biodiversity of local actors. the inter-disciplinary na 
of local actors. the inter-disciplinary nature of the project and complementarities among work  
on the ecological mechanisms underlying biodiversity evolution and conservation in human-domina 
ical mechanisms underlying biodiversity evolution and conservation in human-dominated landscape 
s underlying biodiversity evolution and conservation in human-dominated landscapes. second, the 
human-dominated landscapes. second, the production of scientific principles applicable to biodi 
 of scientific principles applicable to biodiversity conservation not only provides guidelines  
 only provides guidelines accessible to conservation management bodies but also promotes the re 
s guidelines accessible to conservation management bodies but also promotes the research – acti 
 implementation of scientifically sound policy.  
10264 5                                         global warming is not the only consequence of rising le 
he only consequence of rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. because co2 is an aci 
 effect such acidification will have on marine life and chemical processes in the ocean. experi 
 us to define the rate and magnitude of ph change as well as study the effects on the extraordi 
 might happen under different emissions scenarios in the future.  
11369 7          positive relationships between abundance the predictions of recent models by myself an 
 others concerning the role of regional population dynamics, spatial structure and life-history 
les. in addition i propose to extend my modelling work to consider correlated patterns of chang 
ted patterns of change in occupancy and abundance in response to environmental change on an eco 
 occupancy and abundance in response to environmental change on an ecological time-scale, and t 
ironmental change on an ecological time-scale, and to explore the use of relationships between  
 the use of relationships between local abundance, occupancy and total population size in asses 
10075 13 l is to explore how the world s largest tropical forest, amazonia, is faring in an era of rapid 
 reports of ecological change in mature forests, with increasing biomass, growth, and dynamics, 
ange in mature forests, with increasing biomass, growth, and dynamics, but it is unclear what f 
ature forests, with increasing biomass, growth, and dynamics, but it is unclear what factor is  
nclear what factor is accelerating tree growth and what the impacts have been on biodiversity b 
s accelerating tree growth and what the impacts have been on biodiversity behind this change. 1 
rowth and what the impacts have been on biodiversity behind this change. 13 of the world s lead 
ated data and experience of 25 years of monitoring forest plots across the amazon, and access t 
nd experience of 25 years of monitoring forest plots across the amazon, and access to unique so 
s of monitoring forest plots across the amazon, and access to unique sources of amazon plant ec 
amazon, and access to unique sources of amazon plant ecology in our quest to discover and expla 
ccess to unique sources of amazon plant ecology in our quest to discover and explain biodiversi 
gy in our quest to discover and explain biodiversity changes.  
11513 13 l is to explore how the world s largest tropical forest, amazonia, is faring in an era of rapid 
 reports of ecological change in mature forests, with increasing biomass, growth, and dynamics, 
ange in mature forests, with increasing biomass, growth, and dynamics, but it is unclear what f 
ature forests, with increasing biomass, growth, and dynamics, but it is unclear what factor is  
nclear what factor is accelerating tree growth and what the impacts have been on biodiversity b 
s accelerating tree growth and what the impacts have been on biodiversity behind this change. 1 
rowth and what the impacts have been on biodiversity behind this change. 13 of the world s lead 
ated data and experience of 25 years of monitoring forest plots across the amazon, and access t 
nd experience of 25 years of monitoring forest plots across the amazon, and access to unique so 
s of monitoring forest plots across the amazon, and access to unique sources of amazon plant ec 
amazon, and access to unique sources of amazon plant ecology in our quest to discover and expla 
ccess to unique sources of amazon plant ecology in our quest to discover and explain biodiversi 
gy in our quest to discover and explain biodiversity changes.  
12739 2 roduction of an access agreement on two rivers, the mersey and waveney. the survey will provide 
ure work on increasing access to inland water  
10451 3        predicting the responses of leaf photosynthesis but often acclimate to longer-term chang 
 will establish the extent to which the temperature sensitivity of p and r varies systematicall 
aves that develop following a change in temperature. the knowledge gained will enable more accu 
7189 20 ntly, balancing use and preservation of natural resources: it is on this plane that is this pro 
 to move towards ecologically intensive production systems, using and respecting the functions  
rch is requested: 1 to provide relevant modeling methods to assess changes in the management of 
deling methods to assess changes in the management of rural areas and agricultural production;  
agement of rural areas and agricultural production; 2 to contribute to the development of innov 
ural production; 2 to contribute to the development of innovative solutions, from the plot scal 
 of innovative solutions, from the plot scale up an integrated natural resource management and  
s, from the plot scale up an integrated natural resource management and production sectors to w 
egrated natural resource management and production sectors to which are implementing mitigation 
ction sectors to which are implementing mitigation actions. this project aims to address: inten 
e stakes are high mutation; controlling nitrogen cycles, since the amounts of organic substance 
ified; integrated scales, both in space model the nitrogen flows across the coastal watershed,  
egrated scales, both in space model the nitrogen flows across the coastal watershed, incorporat 
l the nitrogen flows across the coastal watershed, incorporating the constraints of livestock s 
rshed, incorporating the constraints of livestock systems, from the coupling of melody patterns 
ing of melody patterns representing the livestock farms and tnt representing transfers in lands 
farms and tnt representing transfers in landscape mosaics; assess the environmental impacts of  
nsfers in landscape mosaics; assess the environmental impacts of production methods and landsca 
cs; assess the environmental impacts of production methods and landscape management  
ental impacts of production methods and landscape management  
11330 6 e ridge axis, where they crystallise to yield the lower oceanic crust. the heat provided by mag 
phere-hydrosphere exchange, and provide energy for chemosynthetic ecosystems. reconstructing th 
, and provide energy for chemosynthetic ecosystems. reconstructing the magmatic processes in th 
 a large part of the earth s crust, the recovery of intact lower oceanic crust would be a major 
 lower oceanic crust. this section will yield an unprecedented view of lower crustal evolution, 
 an unprecedented view of lower crustal evolution, from magma chamber processes and the resulti 
15029 2 ute substantially to generate potential scenarios to increase effectiveness in management and p 
 scenarios to increase effectiveness in management and policies strategies.  
11647 3 fication system by its application to a sediment sequence from hickling broad, a shallow, medie 
ted sequence of change in the stonewort community with that which is historically documented an 
ciated benefits for both the scientific community and for those charged with conserving and res 
10031 3         summary peats and other organic soils provide a major global store of carbon could prov 
c soils provide a major global store of carbon could provide an enhanced sink for atmospheric c 
o2 sequestration within these important ecosystems.  
11825 3                 peats and other organic soils provide a major global store of carbon could prov 
c soils provide a major global store of carbon could provide an enhanced sink for atmospheric c 
o2 sequestration within these important ecosystems.  
15165 17 populations depends critically on acorn dispersal by scatter-hoarding jays and rodents towards  
safe sites for seedling survival. acorn dispersal by animals is a conditional mutualism whose o 
n dispersal by animals is a conditional mutualism whose outcome on the behaviour of scatter-hoa 
ing jay and mice and to integrate these indirect effects of predators on the analysis of the co 
 to integrate these indirect effects of predators on the analysis of the conditional outcome of 
sis is that indirect and direct keys of predation risk around seed-bearing trees will modify se 
t indirect and direct keys of predation risk around seed-bearing trees will modify seed removal 
at these changes in seed shadows due to predation risk will influence the final pattern of holm 
hanges in seed shadows due to predation risk will influence the final pattern of holm oak recru 
influence the final pattern of holm oak recruitment. we will test predictions from this main hy 
erimental control of keys of predations risk in field conditions, then measuring the behaviour  
eed dispersers by means of remote video monitoring and the fate of dispersed seeds by seed trac 
persed seeds by seed tracking and cache monitoring until seedling establishment. we will follow 
ic interactions on the functionality of mediterranean forests, a hot topic due to current rapid 
s on the functionality of mediterranean forests, a hot topic due to current rapid changes in an 
s induced by man-made global changes in climate and land use.  
 man-made global changes in climate and land use.  
1992 16                             the rate of urbanization world-wide is alarming with respect to its 
ld-wide is alarming with respect to its environmental impact and conservation. at the same time 
respect to its environmental impact and conservation. at the same time it provides a natural la 
 ongoing experiment of an unprecedented scale. urban habitat confronts animals, including human 
g experiment of an unprecedented scale. urban habitat confronts animals, including humans, with 
riment of an unprecedented scale. urban habitat confronts animals, including humans, with evolu 
ch as a dramatically different acoustic environment. some species thrive in urban settings, oth 
tic environment. some species thrive in urban settings, others perish, but we often have no clu 
no clue how or why. the great tit is an urban survivor, despite its dependence on acoustic sign 
tion and at the population level across europe in ten independent city-forest comparisons. know 
l across europe in ten independent city-forest comparisons. knowledge about the underlying beha 
are less successful breeders in a noisy environment. in the proposed project, we will take an e 
rimental approach to test whether adult birds have indeed a short-term acoustic flexibility to  
eneral. a second component concerns the assessment of fitness consequences of unavoidable, mask 
 confounding factors in naturally noisy habitat in cities or along highways. we will measure th 
be the first time for this well-studied model species.  
7460 8 ta collection and transmission from the water column, the seafloor and the subseafloor will be  
bserving system and thereby support the development of geoss. acobar will implement field exper 
used to obtain integrated 3-d fields of temperature, transports and heat fluxes. long-range aco 
 tested for tomographic measurements of water mass properties. data from tomography arrays and  
ata from underwater observatories under development in esonet noe. transfer of technology and k 
ransfer of technology and know-how from usa to europe will take place, with exchange of scienti 
 of technology and know-how from usa to europe will take place, with exchange of scientists, wo 
es and six are research and educational institutions.  
12747 1 oc technical expert group , including a review of literature and collation of information arisi 
539 14  more and more obvious that the current global warming influences ecosystems, and particularly  
t the current global warming influences ecosystems, and particularly that it induces some anima 
 lepidoptera, genus colia is taken as a model to study adaptation to climate variations. in par 
enus colia is taken as a model to study adaptation to climate variations. in particular, the pa 
taken as a model to study adaptation to climate variations. in particular, the partners in this 
of natural selection related to thermal stress and to the increase in thermal stochasticity on  
polymorphism of an enzyme that controls metabolism: phosphoglucose isomerase. previous studies  
 , and on the other hand to the general evolution of the lepidoptera. we think that a multi-dis 
echanistic approach of the lepidopteras adaptation to environmental change, particularly to sto 
roach of the lepidopteras adaptation to environmental change, particularly to stochasticity and 
ange, particularly to stochasticity and warming, will lead to a better understanding of the par 
 mechanisms which influence the current distribution and evolution of this group, which is also 
 influence the current distribution and evolution of this group, which is also a common bio-ind 
 this group, which is also a common bio-indicator for many environments.  
211 10                             the current conservation strategies do not addresses the possibilit 
it and evolve further in human-modified ecosystems. the project puts forward and develops an ad 
he project puts forward and develops an adaptation-based approach, which argues that the biodiv 
n-based approach, which argues that the biodiversity of human-degraded ecosystems, and their ha 
that the biodiversity of human-degraded ecosystems, and their habitat quality for threatened sp 
of human-degraded ecosystems, and their habitat quality for threatened species, can be signific 
while providing or eliminating critical habitat-components that are pre-determined by the dynam 
the dynamic adaptations of the original community or target species. the main aim is to explore 
aim is to explore the variation in such habitat constraints and at least 2–3 master theses; the 
y can be immediately applied to improve conservation practices.  
6823 2 kely to be applied on a wider and wider scale. genetic transformation allows the desired gene t 
ene gun is used most frequently for the development of transgenic wheat. several molecular gene 
11554 10 ductive behaviour in many animals, from invertebrates to birds. parents construct nests as rece 
 in many animals, from invertebrates to birds. parents construct nests as receptacles for eggs  
e been described as extended phenotypic traits / extra-body characteristics that nonetheless re 
ergence . however, just as conventional traits result from the interaction of genes and environ 
esult from the interaction of genes and environment, so the design of animal built structures i 
 behaviour beneficially when faced with environmental change is described as phenotypic plastic 
ity in the nest building behaviour of a fish, the 3-spined stickleback. male sticklebacks build 
t extent the nest building behaviour of fish is adapted to their local environment, and to what 
viour of fish is adapted to their local environment, and to what extent they can adjust pattern 
ct how species introductions and global climate change are likely to affect success of individu 
15015 10                              because of global change due to human activities is altering biosp 
s mainly in oceanic, coastal and inland water ecosystems, more investigation is needed to make  
ly in oceanic, coastal and inland water ecosystems, more investigation is needed to make sound  
e groups . to understanding the aquatic ecosystems evolution under future scenarios of global c 
to understanding the aquatic ecosystems evolution under future scenarios of global change is ba 
uatic ecosystems evolution under future scenarios of global change is basic to known if the div 
ems evolution under future scenarios of global change is basic to known if the diverse phytopla 
onal or taxonomic groups have different adaptation capacities. this multi-disciplinarily initia 
approaches from phycology, evolutionary ecology and genetics, agglutinating four senior scienti 
ifferent specialties and two beginners. adaptation  
10709 30 nimal species are responding to current climate warming by shifting their distributions northwa 
ecies are responding to current climate warming by shifting their distributions northwards. how 
 northwards. however, in order to track climate, species must be able to disperse through lands 
ented and scattered across inhospitable urban and agricultural landscapes. because of this habi 
scattered across inhospitable urban and agricultural landscapes. because of this habitat loss,  
gricultural landscapes. because of this habitat loss, some species are failing to shift and are 
failing to shift and are lagging behind climate changes because they are unable to reach new si 
se many species that are lagging behind climate are endangered species of high conservation con 
ies that are lagging behind climate are endangered species of high conservation concern. even i 
 climate are endangered species of high conservation concern. even if greenhouse gas emissions  
 were greatly reduced immediately, more warming would still occur because of inertia in the ear 
occur because of inertia in the earth s climate system. thus there is a commitment to future wa 
m. thus there is a commitment to future warming regardless of any mitigation, and so adaptation 
ent to future warming regardless of any mitigation, and so adaptation measures are required urg 
ng regardless of any mitigation, and so adaptation measures are required urgently. one commonly 
quired urgently. one commonly suggested adaptation measure is the creation of new habitats as c 
nise new sites. however, this notion of habitat creation is essentially untested, and there is  
 no comprehensive study of whether such adaptation methods might be successful, or how they mig 
ystematic analysis of the importance of habitat availability on distribution lags in an entire  
e importance of habitat availability on distribution lags in an entire group of insects use mod 
distribution lags in an entire group of insects use models to examine the success of different  
els to examine the success of different habitat creation scenarios to examine which, if any, sc 
e success of different habitat creation scenarios to examine which, if any, scenarios would be  
ion scenarios to examine which, if any, scenarios would be sufficient to allow range expansion, 
ent to allow range expansion, and which adaptation strategy is the best. the project will produ 
open up a new avenue of research on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. conservation 
ew avenue of research on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. conservation strategies 
rch on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. conservation strategies must include adap 
acts of climate change on biodiversity. conservation strategies must include adaptation strateg 
y. conservation strategies must include adaptation strategies, but conservationists are uncerta 
10053 32 ion that organisms are adapted to their environment is obvious, yet we can only explain how thi 
only explain how this occurs in extreme scenarios such as the evolution of antibiotic and pesti 
occurs in extreme scenarios such as the evolution of antibiotic and pesticide resistance, heavy 
such as the evolution of antibiotic and pesticide resistance, heavy metal tolerance, and starva 
e evolution of antibiotic and pesticide resistance, heavy metal tolerance, and starvation. typi 
rstand how organisms adapt following an environmental change proceed by placing a population in 
e proceed by placing a population in an environment to which it is poorly adapted. this stressf 
ch it is poorly adapted. this stressful environment is usually extreme so as to provoke an obse 
may be transferred from a nutrient-rich environment to one where a particular nutrient is nearl 
on of novel mutations that increase its growth and reproduction in the new environment. theory  
 its growth and reproduction in the new environment. theory and experiments that use this frame 
ions are involved in a typical round of adaptation, and how many different outcomes we expect i 
population adapts to the same stressful environment many times. however, very few environmental 
n transition from one relatively stable environment to a second, drastically different, stable  
a second, drastically different, stable environment. instead, environments tend to change gradu 
 such that most populations exist in an environment that is only slightly different from that o 
tantially from a more distant ancestor. global change is an example of this, where plant popula 
ions are currently exposed to levels of carbon dioxide more than twice as high as those of the  
tions are adapting to a subtle shift in environment, but the environment does not hold still wh 
 a subtle shift in environment, but the environment does not hold still while they do it. this  
ey do it. this suggests that studies of adaptation should incorporate both the magnitude and ra 
orporate both the magnitude and rate of environmental change. a second consideration is that po 
considers two populations in a changing environment, it is possible that one population exclude 
 that the populations adapt during this succession, such that both the community composition pr 
ing this succession, such that both the community composition processes interact. my research u 
 how large populations of single-celled algae respond to different rates of environmental chang 
led algae respond to different rates of environmental change, either alone or in communities. u 
ne or in communities. using a microbial model system allows me to do experiments using very lar 
al, i will look for similar patterns of adaptation in algal communities from naturally occurrin 
ndamental processes in biology, that of adaptation. in addition, this work uses ideas and techn 
sciplines, namely evolutionary biology, ecology, population genetics and molecular genetics. th 
d approach allows me to examine complex scenarios where the theory to do so may be lack  
12738 7                      this project would review all the relevant landscape scale adaptation and  
s project would review all the relevant landscape scale adaptation and conservation projects th 
would review all the relevant landscape scale adaptation and conservation projects that have al 
review all the relevant landscape scale adaptation and conservation projects that have already  
relevant landscape scale adaptation and conservation projects that have already been completed  
k to answer a range of questions of key policy relevance, covering scientific, logistics/manage 
levance, covering scientific, logistics/management and stakeholder issues.  
14956 2 uvb radiation to improve the success of reforestation programs, since it produces more tolerant 
nce it produces more tolerant plants to drought.  
15053 13 sting physiological characteristics and ecology. understanding the ecology of extreme environme 
eristics and ecology. understanding the ecology of extreme environments may provide insight int 
e origin. the tinto river is an extreme environment with a constant acid ph and high concentrat 
xtreme environment with a constant acid ph and high concentrations of heavy metals. these unusu 
tant acid ph and high concentrations of heavy metals. these unusual conditions are the reason w 
to river is one of the most interesting ecosystems for the study of the biological organization 
ties that inhabit it. understanding the microbial ecology of extreme environments may provide n 
le origin. the main part of the primary productivity in the river is direct consequence of the  
uence of the photosynthetic activity of algae, and they are also responsible of the greatest pa 
lso responsible of the greatest part of biomass. however, currently the knowledge regarding alg 
ever, currently the knowledge regarding algae community of the tinto river and their role in th 
currently the knowledge regarding algae community of the tinto river and their role in this eco 
 the tinto river and their role in this ecosystem is almost inexistent. the main objective of t 
12148 12  project is to study the adaptations of invasive species and their impacts on the ecosystems of 
aptations of invasive species and their impacts on the ecosystems of different complexity and r 
vasive species and their impacts on the ecosystems of different complexity and reciprocal effec 
 impacts on the ecosystems of different complexity and reciprocal effects of these processes. w 
hese processes from the organism to the ecosystem level, which could help to predict invasion o 
stem level, which could help to predict invasion outcome. our tasks include answering of the fo 
 contribute to their success; and 2 how ecosystem properties and compare it with native noble c 
cted results will contribute to further development of the isotopic niche instruments in the st 
ts in the study of interactions between food web structure and biology of successful invaders;  
sults will be helpful in developing the indicators of good environmental status and serve as fu 
thodological background for sustainable environmental management. we also expecting identificat 
yme activities-it could be used for the development of modern technologies of biocatalysis.  
14629 8 s in inland waters system are a serious risk for planktonic photosynthetic microorganisms popul 
 in the physical characteristics of the environment, using as models two of them: adaptation to 
vironment, using as models two of them: adaptation to increases in temperature and salinity. ob 
two of them: adaptation to increases in temperature and salinity. objectives of the project are 
ptation to increases in temperature and salinity. objectives of the project are: basic research 
 basic research objectives: 1. study of adaptation mechanisms of planktonic photosynthetic micr 
equences that those changes have on the primary production of these microorganisms. applicated  
sensitive microalgal biosensors against water pollutants.  
11353 16 ple of a rapid evolutionary response to environmental change, which has served to educate gener 
ut the reality of natural selection and adaptation. sadly, this classic case study has been neg 
pens to genomes when they undergo rapid evolution, and also to find out whether the melanism mu 
trial parts of britain; while in rural, pollution free, areas typica remained common. the widel 
 better camouflaged against visual bird predation, but in areas with high levels of atmospheric 
n areas with high levels of atmospheric pollution carbonaria is relatively harder to find than  
 than typica and therefore suffers less mortality. the post 1960s decline of carbonaria, coinci 
nciding with the implementation of anti-pollution legislation, lends further support to the cry 
d moth in north america and continental europe. the phenomenon of industrial melanism is not re 
hich the evolutionary response to smoke pollution could not have occurred. do they represent an 
earch programme is also relevant to the conservation of biodiversity by serving as a case study 
is also relevant to the conservation of biodiversity by serving as a case study for the consequ 
y for the consequences of anthropogenic environmental change on the genetic composition of popu 
ic and developmental characteristics of traits, such as melanism, which allow organisms to rapi 
ich allow organisms to rapidly adapt to environmental change. last, but not least, the results  
imension to the paradigmatic account of evolution in action , which has recently come under unj 
13789 12 ll either force them to local or global extinction, or to evolve and adapt. the capacity of org 
nd adapt. the capacity of organisms and ecosystems to adapt and evolve rapidly is critical to o 
cal to our future reliance on essential ecosystems such as the largely unexplored marine enviro 
osystems such as the largely unexplored marine environments. we here propose an interdisciplina 
ing of how environmental changes affect marine populations, species, and ecosystems over time.  
affect marine populations, species, and ecosystems over time. we will address issues of fundame 
importance for our understanding of how marine organisms adapt to environmental changes over sp 
scales relevant to current processes of global change. this programme will greatly expand our k 
sms of genetic, epigenetic, and induced adaptation in response to environmental changes. finall 
 models with which the effects of large-scale environmental transitions on distribution and sur 
arge-scale environmental transitions on distribution and survival of marine populations can be  
sitions on distribution and survival of marine populations can be evaluated and predicted.  
13737 15 ion of acidifying substances and, as in sweden, the implementation of a substantial liming prog 
 research has, however, shown that many freshwater systems, in particular in the northern part  
y be unsuitable when taking economy and conservation into consideration. the present research p 
ddresses in a new way the issue whether streams are largely naturally acidic. our hypothesis pr 
ation has shown that both the taxonomic diversity of macroinvertebrates and the decomposition r 
wn that both the taxonomic diversity of macroinvertebrates and the decomposition rate of leaf l 
diversity of macroinvertebrates and the decomposition rate of leaf litter were indeed not lower 
rtebrates and the decomposition rate of leaf litter were indeed not lower in acid than circumne 
ps are now being tested at a nationwide scale in streams. responses in streams which are natura 
w being tested at a nationwide scale in streams. responses in streams which are naturally acid  
tionwide scale in streams. responses in streams which are naturally acid but vary in the waters 
ut vary in the waters levels of organic carbon and inorganic aluminium content, and in streams  
and inorganic aluminium content, and in streams which are being limed, are studied in a similar 
would be useful, for example to support ecological functions in streams impacted by anthropogen 
mple to support ecological functions in streams impacted by anthropogenic acidification via spe 
12067 32 cological consequences of anthropogenic degradation is of fundamental importance, particularly  
amental importance, particularly in the tropics, which support more than 90% of the biodiversit 
ics, which support more than 90% of the biodiversity and are rapidly loosing forest habitats. l 
he biodiversity and are rapidly loosing forest habitats. landscape modifications have induced a 
nd are rapidly loosing forest habitats. landscape modifications have induced a shift from natur 
ve induced a shift from natural complex ecosystems to more simple like agroecosystems. but if l 
 complex ecosystems to more simple like agroecosystems. but if land-use practices yield key eco 
more simple like agroecosystems. but if land-use practices yield key economic and social benefi 
roecosystems. but if land-use practices yield key economic and social benefits, at least in the 
 the short term, they are degrading key ecosystem services by accelerating rates of species ext 
rvices by accelerating rates of species extinction, especially those that tied the long-term fu 
t tied the long-term functioning of the ecosystem. anthropization affects ecosystems by reducin 
f the ecosystem. anthropization affects ecosystems by reducing biodiversity, by changing the la 
pization affects ecosystems by reducing biodiversity, by changing the landscape and creating ar 
 reducing biodiversity, by changing the landscape and creating artificial islands, and by pollu 
rtificial islands, and by polluting the environment with xenobiotics. reducing the diversity of 
ironment with xenobiotics. reducing the diversity of ecological systems makes them less prone t 
tems makes them less prone to cope with invasive species . some of which are clearly detrimenta 
ich are clearly detrimental to existing ecosystems and clearly poses threats to humans living c 
opical zones, the shift of phytophagous insects from wild host-plants to crops constitutes an e 
ants to crops constitutes an economical risk that will be taken into consideration. in addition 
ddition, the emergence of some tropical disease can be directly linked to the rapid and general 
tly linked to the rapid and generalized degradation of the environment. the modification of the 
apid and generalized degradation of the environment. the modification of the ecological niches  
ct vectors constitutes an epidemiologic risk of the emergence of endemic disease via a domicili 
ologic risk of the emergence of endemic disease via a domiciliation process, sylvatic vectors i 
amining the impact of anthropization on insects affecting crops and humans, in order to better  
dict changes that will affect disturbed ecosystems in africa and south america. our project inv 
hat will affect disturbed ecosystems in africa and south america. our project involves also stu 
ies on drosophila, which are unequalled model insect species in genetics and evolutionary biolo 
n both academic and agricultural models insects will trigger a major advance in understanding t 
 the impact of anthropization on insect diversity.  
2031 7 th increased temperatures due to global climate change. plants, insects and vertebrates respond 
s due to global climate change. plants, insects and vertebrates respond differently to the incr 
es respond differently to the increased temperature so organisms become mistimed to their food  
l conditions and compare these rates of adaptation with the predicted rates of change in the en 
th the predicted rates of change in the environment. from this, we will calculate the maximal r 
, we will calculate the maximal rate of environmental change that species can cope with. more s 
iability of populations, and thereby on biodiversity.  
2491 12          the project will be run by the natural resources law group at the university of oslo.  
s public authorities in norway, through land use planning and nature management, to take or to  
n norway, through land use planning and nature management, to take or to order necessary measur 
y, through land use planning and nature management, to take or to order necessary measures to p 
na which are due to extreme weather and climate change, and are the rules adequate to effective 
ious possibilities in light of economic efficiency theories and apply methods of law-and-econom 
y theories and apply methods of law-and-economics. approaches inherent in such themes as resili 
. approaches inherent in such themes as resilience, disaster law, and public nuisance doctrine  
n countries. the ongoing discussions in usa and australia are also relevant. to ensure contact  
ies. the ongoing discussions in usa and australia are also relevant. to ensure contact with oth 
interdisciplinary project responding to climate change: the potential of and limits to adaptati 
 change: the potential of and limits to adaptation in norway . the 4 year project will include  
12399 16 into the socio-economic consequences of climate change in the marine environment. it will inves 
c consequences of climate change in the marine environment. it will investigate the extent to w 
quences of climate change in the marine environment. it will investigate the extent to which fo 
xtent to which forthcoming and existing management measures and legislation are robust to futur 
es and legislation are robust to future climate change, and it will explore decadal-scale varia 
ate change, and it will explore decadal-scale variations in climate change that might mask the  
ill explore decadal-scale variations in climate change that might mask the overall warming tren 
mate change that might mask the overall warming trend of coastal waters over the next 20 to 30  
e with regard to the future-proofing of marine policies and new maritime legislation. specifica 
that are being introduced under the uk ‘marine & coastal access bill', eu habitats directive an 
bill', eu habitats directive and common fisheries policy are robust to future environmental cha 
habitats directive and common fisheries policy are robust to future environmental change and wh 
n fisheries policy are robust to future environmental change and whether indicators and referen 
future environmental change and whether indicators and reference points of ‘good environmental  
mental status’ under the forthcoming eu marine strategy framework directive and water framework 
marine strategy framework directive and water framework directive might need to be revised in t 
6875 7 lise and prove the classical picture of competition theory in a well-defined sense: limiting si 
speciation, the essence of which is the ecology-induced way of generation of a new species. in  
e should be posed for the whole area of distribution and for the long time-scale, instead of lo 
a of distribution and for the long time-scale, instead of locally in space and time. on this sp 
ime is generated by the non-equilibrium ecology studied on the right scale, the limiting simila 
quilibrium ecology studied on the right scale, the limiting similarity structure of niche segre 
the evolutionarily meaningful notion of competition within/for a niche regains validity. in rel 
13839 8 e for identifying spatially distributed fish populations is today different kind of neutral gen 
rify if a population has certain unique traits, i.e. being adapted to its local environment. su 
traits, i.e. being adapted to its local environment. such knowledge is essential in fisheries m 
ronment. such knowledge is essential in fisheries management. however, it is difficult to study 
however, it is difficult to study local adaptation in nature. in order to study whether local p 
 difficult to study local adaptation in nature. in order to study whether local populations of  
erent selection pressures in their home streams. however, it seems as genetically based differe 
ally based differences in morphological traits have evolved mainly a neutral manner. there is t 
13780 6 e integrated with analyses of oxidative stress and biological ageing, and telomere length is ev 
gth is evaluated as a molecular fitness indicator in fish. we use brown trout and coho salmon a 
ted as a molecular fitness indicator in fish. we use brown trout and coho salmon as model speci 
. we use brown trout and coho salmon as model species to address the following aims: . the work 
th prof. robert devlin at the centre of aquaculture and environmental research in vancouver, ca 
nd environmental research in vancouver, canada.  
15364 28 s in length, frequency and intensity of drought events related to climate change have been asso 
 intensity of drought events related to climate change have been associated to important change 
t changes in composition, structure and distribution of forest ecosystems worldwide, by means o 
position, structure and distribution of forest ecosystems worldwide, by means of increasing mor 
n, structure and distribution of forest ecosystems worldwide, by means of increasing mortality  
stems worldwide, by means of increasing mortality patterns. in spite of the importance of these 
f these processes in relation to global climate and ecosystem services stability, teher are no  
esses in relation to global climate and ecosystem services stability, teher are no reliable pro 
o global climate and ecosystem services stability, teher are no reliable projections on the nea 
iable projections on the near future of forest ecosystems under probable global change scenario 
rojections on the near future of forest ecosystems under probable global change scenarios, due  
ure of forest ecosystems under probable global change scenarios, due to scientific uncertaintie 
ecosystems under probable global change scenarios, due to scientific uncertainties about phisio 
gical mechanisms underlying survival or mortality of trees under water stress. the incresases i 
ng survival or mortality of trees under water stress. the incresases in temperature and frequen 
vival or mortality of trees under water stress. the incresases in temperature and frequency of  
s under water stress. the incresases in temperature and frequency of droguht events might promo 
ion and , thus, under similar levels of water stress; iii, the effect of managing irradiance an 
d , thus, under similar levels of water stress; iii, the effect of managing irradiance and wate 
, the effect of managing irradiance and water availability, in the field and in incubation cham 
eal the modulation exerted by the light environment on water share; and iv, the use of forest g 
ion exerted by the light environment on water share; and iv, the use of forest gorwth models to 
ment on water share; and iv, the use of forest gorwth models to predict the futureevolution of  
s to predict the futureevolution of the forest under different managements and climate change s 
 forest under different managements and climate change scenarios in order to develop a manageme 
ifferent managements and climate change scenarios in order to develop a management scheme to en 
 change scenarios in order to develop a management scheme to ensure long-term forest survival.  
a management scheme to ensure long-term forest survival.  
2206 6         we aim to develop tools for the management of stream fish populations, and study the pe 
 to develop tools for the management of stream fish populations, and study the performance of a 
elop tools for the management of stream fish populations, and study the performance of an adapt 
ations, and study the performance of an adaptive management of stream fish populations in close 
erformance of an adaptive management of stream fish populations in close collaboration with man 
nce of an adaptive management of stream fish populations in close collaboration with managers f 
15332 4 utflow tract is strongly related to the development of the lungs and, in particular, with the d 
 the lungs and, in particular, with the development of the laryngotracheal groove and the forma 
he project might throw new light on the assessment of morphogenetic processes that operate in t 
hogenetic processes that operate in the development of outflow tract of the vertebrate heart in 
13817 9                in this study i focus on genetic diversity on frog population in the gulf of bot 
e declining and are protected by law in sweden, 2 the coast along the bothnian bay has a unique 
national perspective, 3 knowledge about genetic diversity within and among population is import 
d among population is important for the conservation and management of populations. i will exam 
n is important for the conservation and management of populations. i will examine the relations 
he genetics of phenotypic plasticity in life history in the frog population by testing a recent 
the frog population by testing a recent model on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. phenot 
lation by testing a recent model on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. phenotypic plastici 
henotypes in response to changes in the environment. information on phenotypic plasticity is im 
11120 1  their immunological response, parasite-resistance, health, behaviour, reproduction and surviva 
14668 2 e shoulder girdle and the wing bones of birds, the human tibia, and the baculum of capromid rod 
idea is to load the furcula in order to model its spring behaviour during flight that has been  
10435 1 e had limited success in explaining the distribution of subordinate reproduction within or acro 
9952 5 hysiological mechanisms controlling the distribution of reproduction among females and the degr 
of central importance in explaining the evolution of cooperation, the reproductive strategies o 
ctive strategies of individuals and the population dynamics of cooperative breeders. however, a 
of considerable research in behavioural ecology for more than twenty years, it has not yet been 
ot yet been possible to account for the distribution of subordinate breeding either between or  
15514 14                                         environmental change across a wide range of temporal an 
ive under these circumstances are local adaptation and/or migration. current and future species 
rcumstances are local adaptation and/or migration. current and future species responses to pred 
-wide patterns and interactions between environmental change, demography and evolution taking p 
en environmental change, demography and evolution taking place in the past is essential for dev 
past is essential for developing future management strategies. species from the mediterranean b 
management strategies. species from the mediterranean basin, inhabiting highly heterogeneous en 
neous environments, are particularly at risk because of the predicted increase in aridity and r 
redicted increase in aridity and recent land-use change in this area. it is thus of great inter 
est to assess the adaptive potential of mediterranean species. in this project, we focus more s 
 project, we focus more specifically on forest trees as they are ecologically dominant in many  
 they are ecologically dominant in many ecosystems and, at the same time, many of them are also 
ng and genotyping techniques underlying adaptation in an important group of forest trees.  
ing adaptation in an important group of forest trees.  
15515 14                                         environmental change across a wide range of temporal an 
ive under these circumstances are local adaptation and/or migration. current and future species 
rcumstances are local adaptation and/or migration. current and future species responses to pred 
-wide patterns and interactions between environmental change, demography and evolution taking p 
en environmental change, demography and evolution taking place in the past is essential for dev 
past is essential for developing future management strategies. species from the mediterranean b 
management strategies. species from the mediterranean basin, inhabiting highly heterogeneous en 
neous environments, are particularly at risk because of the predicted increase in aridity and r 
redicted increase in aridity and recent land-use change in this area. it is thus of great inter 
est to assess the adaptive potential of mediterranean species. in this project, we focus more s 
 project, we focus more specifically on forest trees as they are ecologically dominant in many  
 they are ecologically dominant in many ecosystems and, at the same time, many of them are also 
ng and genotyping techniques underlying adaptation in an important group of forest trees.  
ing adaptation in an important group of forest trees.  
11615 3 ts marked genetic structuring and local adaptation to headwaters. here we plan to examine how m 
d ecologically significant quantitative traits. specifically, we will: examine the role of dete 
ifferences with variation in phenotypic traits using a matrix correspondence analysis.  
10753 8 world s upper ocean supersaturated with methane we know that it is, but do not understand why.  
y. evidence shows that a portion of the methane comes from in situ production in oxygenated wat 
rtion of the methane comes from in situ production in oxygenated waters, however that seems to  
 phenomenon has been termed the oceanic methane paradox . if, however, there were anaerobic mic 
ld occur within them. we now think that marine zooplankton, their excreted faecal material and  
r within them. we now think that marine zooplankton, their excreted faecal material and other s 
erstanding of their location using card-fish and confocal microscopy. by combining these areas  
y we hope to start to unravel the ocean methane paradox.  
9871 8 world s upper ocean supersaturated with methane we know that it is, but do not understand why.  
y. evidence shows that a portion of the methane comes from in situ production in oxygenated wat 
rtion of the methane comes from in situ production in oxygenated waters, however that seems to  
 phenomenon has been termed the oceanic methane paradox . if, however, there were anaerobic mic 
ld occur within them. we now think that marine zooplankton, their excreted faecal material and  
r within them. we now think that marine zooplankton, their excreted faecal material and other s 
erstanding of their location using card-fish and confocal microscopy. by combining these areas  
y we hope to start to unravel the ocean methane paradox.  
11737 5 d be important for the retention and/or dispersal of krill larvae and other passive drifting pa 
 they come up to the surface, measuring temperature and salinity as they go, and telemeter thei 
 the surface, measuring temperature and salinity as they go, and telemeter their location and t 
and antarctic slope front. a section of temperature and salinity across these flows will indica 
ope front. a section of temperature and salinity across these flows will indicate their locatio 
12063 3  the 21st century will be to ensure the conservation of marine biodiversity and their services  
y will be to ensure the conservation of marine biodiversity and their services and, at the same 
be to ensure the conservation of marine biodiversity and their services and, at the same time,  
1944 10 ay play a role in developing a national policy strategy on agro- biodiversity. from the chain/n 
ing a national policy strategy on agro- biodiversity. from the chain/network perspective this p 
 for strengthening the position of agro-biodiversity in the food-supply-chain. on the basis of  
o deliver an input to an optimal mix of policy instruments in a national policy strategy on agr 
mix of policy instruments in a national policy strategy on agro- biodiversity. this research pr 
 in a national policy strategy on agro- biodiversity. this research project is directed towards 
tive and juridical implications of agro-biodiversity. in this project two oios work together on 
sense. the oio with a specialization in policy sciences maps the institutional interdependencie 
hain and analyses the opportunities for governance as far as institutional aspects are involved 
ecially focuses on interactive forms of governance and plays a crucial role in stakeholder anal 
14367 15  with detailed spatial explicit data on forest vitality, species composition and stand diversit 
atial explicit data on forest vitality, species composition and stand diversity based on airbor 
vitality, species composition and stand diversity based on airborne hyperspectral and lidar dat 
ity based on airborne hyperspectral and lidar data. the complex nature of hyperspectral data se 
perspectral and lidar data. the complex nature of hyperspectral data sets urge producers to set 
aracter of terrestrial targets, such as forests which have pronounced vegetation structures, ar 
, such as forests which have pronounced vegetation structures, are affecting the captured hyper 
gery pre-processing chain , - to derive forest vitality, species composition, and stand diversi 
ng chain , - to derive forest vitality, species composition, and stand diversity from remote se 
itality, species composition, and stand diversity from remote sensing data. - a successful airb 
s composition, and stand diversity from remote sensing data. - a successful airborne flight cam 
r scanning with high quality imagery. - optimization the structure of the hyperspectral imagery 
vity to errors in the input data. - the evaluation of the cost-benefit of combining airborne hy 
borne hyperspectral with laser scanning remote sensing data for deriving forest thematic output 
anning remote sensing data for deriving forest thematic output. ------------------------------- 
13608 23 he impact and significance of molecular-scale processes, such as biochemically induced weatheri 
uced weathering caused by exudates from bacteria-fungi-tree interactions, on macro-scale proces 
hering caused by exudates from bacteria-fungi-tree interactions, on macro-scale processes, such 
teria-fungi-tree interactions, on macro-scale processes, such as nutrient cycling in forest soi 
ions, on macro-scale processes, such as nutrient cycling in forest soils and tree growth. bacte 
 processes, such as nutrient cycling in forest soils and tree growth. bacteria that enhance myc 
ses, such as nutrient cycling in forest soils and tree growth. bacteria that enhance mycorrhiza 
trient cycling in forest soils and tree growth. bacteria that enhance mycorrhiza formation and  
ycling in forest soils and tree growth. bacteria that enhance mycorrhiza formation and protect  
s are commonly called mycorrhiza helper bacteria . the selection criteria of the bacterial stra 
ude their ability to mobilize important nutrients from solution and minerals, promote mycorrhiz 
promote mycorrhizae formation and plant growth, and produce extraordinarily strong complex form 
 promote mineral dissolution as part of bacteria-fungi-tree symbiosis. an increased knowledge r 
mineral dissolution as part of bacteria-fungi-tree symbiosis. an increased knowledge regarding  
solution as part of bacteria-fungi-tree symbiosis. an increased knowledge regarding the product 
s. an increased knowledge regarding the production of important ligands from mhb-fungi-tree int 
roduction of important ligands from mhb-fungi-tree interactions, as well as this interactions e 
 as well as this interactions effect on nutrient cycling in forest soils, will lead to increase 
eractions effect on nutrient cycling in forest soils, will lead to increased knowledge concerni 
ns effect on nutrient cycling in forest soils, will lead to increased knowledge concerning how  
t sustainable, environmentally-friendly forest-ecosystem development.  
inable, environmentally-friendly forest-ecosystem development.  
vironmentally-friendly forest-ecosystem development.  
15303 1 hanges occurred during the craniofacial development, at intraspecific level, which may generate 
15152 2 ndings are multiple, among are included fishing nets, military exercises, ship collisions and i 
ibute, likewise, new information on the taxonomy and molecular characterization of the isolates 
13979 18      traditionally, recommendations for wildlife population management have neglected the econo 
recommendations for wildlife population management have neglected the economic costs of managem 
nt have neglected the economic costs of management, and have thus risked wasting management res 
anagement, and have thus risked wasting management resources. recent advances in decision theor 
s in decision theory for application to conservation allow for the explicit inclusion of costs  
ng optimal strategies to reach specific management objectives. the white-backed woodpecker, a h 
backed woodpecker, a highly specialised forest species, is critically endangered in sweden. as  
st species, is critically endangered in sweden. as part of a broad attempt to improve the statu 
ods to identify the most cost-effective management strategies that meet the woodpecker action p 
ns objectives. we will also examine the vulnerability of these recommendations to uncertainty a 
lnerability of these recommendations to uncertainty around model assumptions. this project will 
e recommendations to uncertainty around model assumptions. this project will determine the best 
king into account woodpecker population ecology, habitat requirements, environmental variabilit 
 account woodpecker population ecology, habitat requirements, environmental variability and unc 
irements, environmental variability and uncertainty. furthermore our approach and its applicati 
 case-study for application to regional endangered species management, with potentially great s 
lication to regional endangered species management, with potentially great strategic impact on  
h potentially great strategic impact on biodiversity conservation in general.  
7451 15 ing at sea during their oceanic feeding migration. the specific reasons for the decline in this 
nt species are as yet unknown, however, climate change is likely to be an important factor. in  
kely to be an important factor. in some rivers in the southern part of the salmons range, wild  
the salmons range, wild salmon now face extinction. this is in spite of unprecedented managemen 
tion. this is in spite of unprecedented management measures to halt this decline. arguably the  
guably the greatest challenge in salmon conservation is to gain insight into the spatial and ec 
o the spatial and ecological use of the marine environment by different regional and river stoc 
patial and ecological use of the marine environment by different regional and river stocks, whi 
s, which are known to show variation in marine growth, condition, and survival. salmon populati 
h are known to show variation in marine growth, condition, and survival. salmon populations may 
on populations may migrate to different marine zones, whose environmental conditions may vary.  
 advancing our understanding of oceanic-scale, ecological and ecosystem processes. such knowled 
anding of oceanic-scale, ecological and ecosystem processes. such knowledge is fundamental to t 
s fundamental to the future sustainable management of this key marine species.  
ture sustainable management of this key marine species.  
13362 1  the material will be evaluated as free pollination and hybrid variety or lines.  
6843 28                  subject / introduction soil biodiversity is an intriguing facet of global biod 
ersity is an intriguing facet of global biodiversity. it is a really possibility that in the ne 
 from 19% to 25%. the importance of the afforestation it is that the biodiversity in the forest 
nce of the afforestation it is that the biodiversity in the forest–soil is always higher than i 
tion it is that the biodiversity in the forest–soil is always higher than in arable fields. maj 
 is that the biodiversity in the forest–soil is always higher than in arable fields. major func 
n arable fields. major functions in the ecosystem forest such as productions, nutrient recyclin 
ields. major functions in the ecosystem forest such as productions, nutrient recycling are cont 
ng are controlled by the rates at which nutrients are released by decomposition in the soil and 
ates at which nutrients are released by decomposition in the soil and litter horizont. the deco 
ts are released by decomposition in the soil and litter horizont. the decomposition process dri 
on in the soil and litter horizont. the decomposition process drives complex food webs with the 
he decomposition process drives complex food webs with the soil fauna. collembola are ubiquitou 
ocess drives complex food webs with the soil fauna. collembola are ubiquitous members of the so 
ollembola are ubiquitous members of the soil fauna, often reaching abundances on 100.000 or mor 
are meter. their major diet is decaying vegetation and associated microbes. knowledge of long–t 
robes. knowledge of long–term trends of forest biodiversity is important to evaluate the impact 
knowledge of long–term trends of forest biodiversity is important to evaluate the impact of her 
the impact of here practiced methods of forest management on biodiversity. site description: th 
acticed methods of forest management on biodiversity. site description: the study fields are si 
 nw–hungary and in the hungarian–plain. soil samples will be taken from afforested monotonous a 
rested monotonous and mixed pine cultur-forests, poplar, oak and locust forests as well as from 
 cultur-forests, poplar, oak and locust forests as well as from native or native-like deciduous 
as from native or native-like deciduous forests, in order to compare their collembola diversity 
s, in order to compare their collembola diversity with the grassland’s and arable fields’ fauna 
are their collembola diversity with the grassland’s and arable fields’ fauna. sampling methods  
 arable fields’ fauna. sampling methods soil cores – 100 cm3 – will be removed from randomly se 
iametered steel corer will be used. the soil cores will be wrapped in plastic film for their sa 
10688 3 luences on the pattern of senescence in birds. we plan to experimentally uncouple chronological 
 by nutritional conditions during early development. we will combine the organismal fitness mea 
he latter include measures of oxidative stress.  
10443 7 mental role in the social structure and population dynamics of animals. while data from a range 
llows us to explore the consequences of life history responses to temporal changes in the envir 
ry responses to temporal changes in the environment in a population dynamics context. as a resu 
emporal changes in the environment in a population dynamics context. as a result, our research  
arch will provide general insights into life history and aging theory, an understanding of how  
ow individual life histories respond to environmental change, and a theoretical framework for l 
or linking individual life histories to population dynamics.  
10177 4 . they are probably associated with new irrigation technology. it has never before been possibl 
ill allow us to test the chronology and nature of the change. this has major implications for t 
s major implications for the history of agriculture in africa and the indian ocean. a small app 
tions for the history of agriculture in africa and the indian ocean. a small application to stu 
7051 22                              changes in agroecosystem management affect the natural control of  
               changes in agroecosystem management affect the natural control of pests. the eff 
 effects of agricultural change on this ecosystem service, however, are not universal and the m 
ffecting it remain to be understood. as biological control is effectively the product of networ 
of interactions between pests and their natural enemies, food web analysis provides a versatile 
etween pests and their natural enemies, food web analysis provides a versatile tool to address  
oposed project will utilize a molecular food web approach and examine, for the first time, how  
 how changes in plant fertilisation and landscape complexity affect quantitative aphid-parasito 
es in plant fertilisation and landscape complexity affect quantitative aphid-parasitoid-hyperpa 
pe complexity affect quantitative aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs on a species-speci 
tative aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs on a species-specific level to unravel how ch 
pecific level to unravel how changes in food web interactions affect parasitoid aphid control.  
changes in food web interactions affect parasitoid aphid control. based on the fieldderived dat 
riments will be conducted to assess how parasitoid diversity and identity affect parasitoid int 
l be conducted to assess how parasitoid diversity and identity affect parasitoid interactions a 
arasitoid diversity and identity affect parasitoid interactions and pest control, complementing 
tity affect parasitoid interactions and pest control, complementing the field results. the work 
ork proposed here will take research on parasitoid aphid control one step further, as it will p 
de a clearer understanding of how plant fertilization affects whole aphid-parasitoid food webs  
plant fertilization affects whole aphid-parasitoid food webs in both simple and complex landsca 
lization affects whole aphid-parasitoid food webs in both simple and complex landscapes, allowi 
ing for further improvements in natural pest control.  
13726 1 o: and highlights the need to include a landscape perspective when such strategies are outlined 
11821 14                                         agriculture is thought to have begun about 10 000 years 
 the east of anatolia. the beginning of agriculture was one of the most important events in the 
oke free from the limits imposed by the environment and learnt how to shape the environment to  
environment and learnt how to shape the environment to their own ends. agriculture also had far 
hape the environment to their own ends. agriculture also had far reaching effects on human soci 
n society, the improved methods of food production eventually resulting in rapid population gro 
ventually resulting in rapid population growth and the development of complex civilisations suc 
ting in rapid population growth and the development of complex civilisations such as those of c 
 devoted to understanding the origin of agriculture but many questions remain unanswered. one o 
he transition from hunting-gathering to agriculture was a rapid or a gradual process. when we c 
id transition from hunting-gathering to agriculture therefore implies that our ancestors played 
 conscious role in the establishment of agriculture, with the transition possibly being driven  
stors, leaves open the possibility that agriculture arose as a natural consequence of the socia 
 to the cultivated plants, and what the nature of the relationship is in each case.  
7436 4 assess fococa 1. the functionality of a habitat with two biomarkers: vipera berus and the crick 
 genetic analysis, understanding of the genetic diversity of elements of the population, their  
t should lead to the establishment of a monitoring long- term population. the project has co-fi 
etic analysis, scientific equipment and valuation fees and training  
10639 18  calling for geo-engineering methods of carbon capture and sequestration . it brings together c 
ed insights into the effectiveness of a land-use advocated as a climate change mitigation strat 
ectiveness of a land-use advocated as a climate change mitigation strategy. the project will sh 
 land-use advocated as a climate change mitigation strategy. the project will show if biochar s 
ategy. the project will show if biochar soil treatment of uk soils is likely to lead to success 
ll show if biochar soil treatment of uk soils is likely to lead to successful carbon sequestrat 
k soils is likely to lead to successful carbon sequestration and the consequences for the stabi 
uestration and the consequences for the stability of soil communities and the functions they un 
d the consequences for the stability of soil communities and the functions they underpin. this  
e society to respond urgently to global climate change by providing timely evidence-based recom 
imely evidence-based recommendations to policy makers charged with climate change adaptation an 
endations to policy makers charged with climate change adaptation and mitigation. moreover this 
rged with climate change adaptation and mitigation. moreover this work will contribute to the n 
r this work will contribute to the nerc biodiversity theme to understand the role of biodiversi 
versity theme to understand the role of biodiversity in key ecosystem processes by studying the 
erstand the role of biodiversity in key ecosystem processes by studying the response of soil bi 
m processes by studying the response of soil biodiversity to a perturbation - addition of bioch 
onsequences for the cycling of chemical nutrients.  
7430 5  of techniques that allow a less greedy production in petroleum products. this thinking led in  
veral purposes: reservoir of beneficial insects, windbreak effect, enhancement of the landscape 
s, windbreak effect, enhancement of the landscape... without compromising yields and quality of 
lan to continue our actions in favor of biodiversity which results will be measured through nat 
sting boxes for sparrows, improving our pesticide reduction techniques  
7190 9 pean parliament and the grenelle of the environment in 2007. the inclusion of this new social i 
f the environmental dimension of french agriculture. agriculture will have to adapt quickly to  
mental dimension of french agriculture. agriculture will have to adapt quickly to ensure its su 
ill have to adapt quickly to ensure its sustainability, ie enhance the functionality of agro-ec 
bility, ie enhance the functionality of agro-ecosystems while maintaining adequate production l 
o-ecosystems while maintaining adequate production levels and ensuring the economic viability o 
ic viability of farms. in this context, weeds diverse biological characteristics of weed specie 
contribute to the current debate on the evolution towards a productive and sustainable agricult 
 the evolution towards a productive and sustainable agriculture  
7417 15 specialization of agricultural systems, agroforestry - combination of trees and crops on the sa 
innovative tool for the preservation of biodiversity and reintegration. it is part of a product 
gration. it is part of a productive and sustainable agriculture. cereals, particularly wheat, a 
eals, particularly wheat, are ideal for agroforestry systems. the overall productivity of land  
l for agroforestry systems. the overall productivity of land and grain quality are improved. pl 
of land and grain quality are improved. plant diversity introduced into the cultured medium, th 
 cultured medium, through the trees and vegetation of the uncultivated strip, is it purveyor of 
of resources and interests habitats for biodiversity relevant to the field and environmental pr 
 the syrphid communities, diptera aphid natural enemies of aphids and pollinators, linked to th 
era aphid natural enemies of aphids and pollinators, linked to the type of grass cover on the s 
oject is done in partnership with three agroforestry grain of the hérault. research and develop 
stry grain of the hérault. research and development partners ensure a participatory and collabo 
osals for concrete improvements for the development of biodiversity within agroforestry plots c 
ete improvements for the development of biodiversity within agroforestry plots cereal  
 the development of biodiversity within agroforestry plots cereal  
7111 12 ons: 1 / there are interactions between landscape structure and production and maintenance prac 
actions between landscape structure and production and maintenance practices; 2 / the ability o 
s; 2 / the ability of farmers to manage biodiversity depends, in large part, to their type of p 
epends, in large part, to their type of production system and the configuration of their operat 
territory, with a limited investment in mapping and analysis of the flora in the second site. t 
hose dynamics is controlled by both the landscape structures and dynamics of land uses and mana 
tructures and dynamics of land uses and management of field margins. in perspective, we conside 
argins. in perspective, we consider the development of diagnostic methods for environmental man 
e development of diagnostic methods for environmental management. for this we have developed bi 
 management. for this we have developed biodiversity assessment methods of field margins using  
for this we have developed biodiversity assessment methods of field margins using indicators  
sessment methods of field margins using indicators  
7413 9 reenway proposed by the grenelle of the environment, to regain biodiversity champenoise plain c 
 grenelle of the environment, to regain biodiversity champenoise plain cereal. it is based on t 
d of plant species adapted to the local biodiversity on the plot of various grain farms to comp 
of various grain farms to compare their impacts in different contexts agronomic. the presence o 
gronomic. the presence of reservoirs of biodiversity areas near these farms is also taken into  
 reliable results and recognized by all stakeholders, environmentalists associations are associ 
 by the 2 parts. the civam of the oasis agriculture and rural development association hopes to  
 the civam of the oasis agriculture and rural development association hopes to allow crossing o 
ow crossing of the various interests in biodiversity in order to promote the emergence of techn 
7703 24 y the mechanisms of interaction between nitrogen metabolism and plant defense mechanisms, choos 
hanisms of interaction between nitrogen metabolism and plant defense mechanisms, choosing the m 
 plant defense mechanisms, choosing the model plant for cereals, rice, wheat base with the gree 
eat base with the green revolution, and model fungus magnaporthe grisea agent most important di 
magnaporthe grisea agent most important disease rice blast. acquire new knowledge of the intera 
cessary for a sustainable and effective resistance management. this interaction will be studied 
 a sustainable and effective resistance management. this interaction will be studied under cont 
enes for expression studies involved in nitrogen metabolism and those involved in the defense m 
expression studies involved in nitrogen metabolism and those involved in the defense mechanisms 
he field, modulation of the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism will be obtained by different cultu 
 modulation of the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism will be obtained by different culture system 
r with conventional tillage and mineral fertilization or with seeding on plant cover and organi 
with seeding on plant cover and organic fertilization and or mineral. yield components and dise 
d organic fertilization and or mineral. yield components and disease will be studied in these s 
on and or mineral. yield components and disease will be studied in these systems. the dynamics  
udied in these systems. the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism will be measured globally by conven 
these systems. the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism will be measured globally by conventional ch 
echanisms that modify the expression of resistance in the field. furthermore analysis of geneti 
e in the field. furthermore analysis of genetic diversity and the work of genetic expression of 
d the work of genetic expression of the resistance will reinforce knowledge about the mechanism 
 provide useful markers for the further development of varietal improvement for these ecologica 
rietal improvement for these ecological intensification systems. we propose to measure the effe 
se to measure the effects of ecological intensification systems that are the direct seeding on  
ing on plant cover on the expression of resistance to rice m. grisea and identify the mechanism 
523 10 ance; 2/ the farmers' ability to manage biodiversity depends, for a major part, on the producti 
rsity depends, for a major part, on the production system and the landscape configuration of th 
 part, on the production system and the landscape configuration of their farm , focusing primar 
e grove: ecological system in which the growth is controlled both by landscape structures and b 
 which the growth is controlled both by landscape structures and by the dynamics of land use an 
scape structures and by the dynamics of land use and the management of field borders. as a futu 
and by the dynamics of land use and the management of field borders. as a futur prospect, we co 
der establishing methods for ecological management diagnosis. for this purpose, we have develop 
se, we have developed methods, based on indicators, to assess the biodiversity of field borders 
ods, based on indicators, to assess the biodiversity of field borders.  
13310 18 better understanding of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem functioning alarm 
rstanding of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem functioning alarm will devel 
 and test methods and protocols for the assessment of large-scale environmental risks in order  
d protocols for the assessment of large-scale environmental risks in order to minimise negative 
o minimise negative direct and indirect human impacts. research will focus on assessment and fo 
t human impacts. research will focus on assessment and forecast of changes in biodiversity and  
n assessment and forecast of changes in biodiversity and in structure, function, and dynamics o 
anges in biodiversity and in structure, function, and dynamics of ecosystems. this relates to e 
in structure, function, and dynamics of ecosystems. this relates to ecosystem services and incl 
dynamics of ecosystems. this relates to ecosystem services and includes the relationship betwee 
lationship between society, economy and biodiversity. in particular, risks arising from climate 
sity. in particular, risks arising from climate change, environmental chemicals, biological inv 
limate change, environmental chemicals, biological invasions and pollinator loss in the context 
tal chemicals, biological invasions and pollinator loss in the context of current and future eu 
 context of current and future european land use patterns will be assessed. there is an increas 
ental risks subsequent to each of these impacts. this yields an improved understanding on how t 
d to deal with such aspects of combined impacts and their consequences. risk assessments in ala 
ombined impacts and their consequences. risk assessments in alarm will be hierarchical and exam 
15187 21     this project will study the benthic marine algae from sand-rocky habitats along the atlanti 
s project will study the benthic marine algae from sand-rocky habitats along the atlantic and c 
y habitats have a great interest in the marine biodiversity conservation, since they have a hig 
ats have a great interest in the marine biodiversity conservation, since they have a high speci 
ty conservation, since they have a high species richness, contain several endemic species and o 
ed as bioindicators of the increases of sedimentation rates in disturbed environments. the sedi 
on rates in disturbed environments. the sedimentation influences the structure of benthic marin 
ion influences the structure of benthic marine assemblages from rocky shores. its effects cause 
ects cause the increase of turf-forming algae at the expense of canopy-forming seaweeds. some w 
works have studied the algal turfs from coral reefs and subtidal habitats with high sedimentati 
l reefs and subtidal habitats with high sedimentation rates related with human activities. neve 
rfs from sand-rocky habitats, where the sedimentation is naturally high. the present project en 
ic characterization of algal turfs from intertidal sand-rocky habitats along the atlantic and c 
pnea sp. y pterocladiella melanoidea; b assessment of the sedimentation effects on the structur 
adiella melanoidea; b assessment of the sedimentation effects on the structure of benthic marin 
ion effects on the structure of benthic marine assemblages from intertidal rocky shores; c stud 
ture of benthic marine assemblages from intertidal rocky shores; c study of the spatial variabi 
intertidal rocky shores; c study of the spatial variability of the algal turfs composition; d s 
d study of the relationship between the species composition of algal trufs, the sediment granul 
species composition of algal trufs, the sediment granulometry and the wave exposure. samplings  
e. samplings will be carried out at the intertidal of representative sites from four coastal se 
13593 19                                         biological invasions are a major component of the ongoi 
s. in this project, we will explore the trophic interactions between three introduced seaweed s 
he importance of these interactions for invasion success and on the effects of invading species 
d on the effects of invading species on ecosystem processes. firstly, we will test the hypothes 
urces to defence and relatively less to growth compared to plants from the native range, by gro 
arden experiment. secondly, we will use mesocosm experiments and coupled field experiments to e 
 of such a difference for two important ecosystem processes: community-level primary production 
 for two important ecosystem processes: community-level primary production and the transfer of  
nt ecosystem processes: community-level primary production and the transfer of energy to the ne 
 primary production and the transfer of energy to the next trophic level. since invasions often 
ns often result in an increase in local biodiversity, the experiments are constructed to test a 
t also the more general hypothesis that community diversity affects production and consumption. 
 more general hypothesis that community diversity affects production and consumption. we expect 
thesis that community diversity affects production and consumption. we expect that the project  
that the project will contribute to the development of tools for predicting invasion success an 
the development of tools for predicting invasion success and ecosystem effects of invasions, ap 
ols for predicting invasion success and ecosystem effects of invasions, apart from elucidating  
cidating the effect of three introduced macroalgae on the swedish coastal ecosystem.  
duced macroalgae on the swedish coastal ecosystem.  
11101 2 international agreement to minimise the impacts of alien of otoliths of pikeperch we aim to obt 
e intrusions that have occurred in wild fish.  
2522 5                        introductions of alien species been recognized globally as a major threa 
ecognized globally as a major threat to biological diversity. the invasive pacific oyster ident 
ction routes, establishment, population development of pacific oyster and its effects on native 
lp natural resource managers to develop monitoring and action plans for this invasive species.  
op monitoring and action plans for this invasive species.  
14416 9                                   alien arthropods impose enormous costs on agriculture, forest 
ien arthropods impose enormous costs on agriculture, forestry and human health. nowadays they a 
s impose enormous costs on agriculture, forestry and human health. nowadays they are recognized 
gnized as one of the leading threats to biodiversity. there are still clear and important gaps  
our knowledge of their effect on native biodiversity and ecosystems. two main factors suggestin 
their effect on native biodiversity and ecosystems. two main factors suggesting that bulgarian  
 main factors suggesting that bulgarian biodiversity is increasingly threatened by the introduc 
threatened by the introduction of alien arthropods: long term study on effect of h. axiridis on 
ll produce validated data base of alien arthropods of bulgaria published in internet. it will a 
12016 15 ng acknowledgement of the importance of biological invasion in current biodiversity loss, inter 
tance of biological invasion in current biodiversity loss, international research has recently  
erienced a new impetus, both in applied ecology and in the search for fundamental ecological pr 
cesses involved in invasions of insular ecosystems. the biodiversity and the threats upon it ar 
in invasions of insular ecosystems. the biodiversity and the threats upon it are not even well  
research groups from different research institutions, similar approaches and complementary expe 
xt. we have studied the impact of alien invasive species in invaded communities, taking the rat 
nvaded communities, taking the rat as a model species in 7 french island groups. by simultaneou 
 and more complete understanding of the complexity of the impacts of invasive species when intr 
 understanding of the complexity of the impacts of invasive species when introduced to or remov 
ing of the complexity of the impacts of invasive species when introduced to or removed from isl 
en introduced to or removed from island ecosystems. apart from its scientific outputs, this pro 
entist, ngos, land managers and various stakeholders involved in island biodiversity management 
various stakeholders involved in island biodiversity management and invasive control. consequen 
holders involved in island biodiversity management and invasive control. consequently, some new 
13743 18                                         biological invasions are among the greatest threats to  
sions are among the greatest threats to biodiversity today. studies have shown that alien plant 
hat alien plants can replace natives by competition for space and nutrients. however, although  
ce natives by competition for space and nutrients. however, although pollination is vital for r 
 space and nutrients. however, although pollination is vital for reproductive success in about  
blished between alien plants and native pollinators. first, a complete pollination network will 
d native pollinators. first, a complete pollination network will be mapped in a habitat that ha 
pollination network will be mapped in a habitat that harbours a large amount of alien plant spe 
en plants integrate into a native plant pollination network. knowledge about the centrality of  
ons occupied, interaction strengths and abundance of the alien plants will allow estimations of 
iment will be performed to estimate how pollinator visitation, seed set and seed size is affect 
pecies when it grows in the vicinity of alien species. the species used in the experiment will  
riment will be a subset from the mapped pollination network. to study the ability of invasive s 
nation network. to study the ability of invasive species to establish facilitative interactions 
 facilitative interactions in their new environment is of importance for our understanding of b 
 of importance for our understanding of biological invasions. furthermore, to be able to predic 
to predict the effect of alien plant on pollination interactions whole pollination networks has 
plant on pollination interactions whole pollination networks has to be studied.  
7574 9 ve is to conduct an analysis of allelic diversity of genes involved in resistance to rice yello 
 allelic diversity of genes involved in resistance to rice yellow mottle virus and evaluate rel 
e virus and evaluate relations with the resistance to well-characterized strains of rymv. two f 
lain the very high strength and partial resistance, will be given priority. allelic sequencing  
 variety of representative varieties of diversity among the cultivated rice and some wild relat 
ild relatives. characterization of this diversity will be conducted in conjunction with the res 
ll be conducted in conjunction with the resistance level evaluated against a range of viral iso 
 against a range of viral isolates. the stability of certain sources of resistance and the adap 
es. the stability of certain sources of resistance and the adaptability of the virus will then  
10823 4 e diving behaviour of all air-breathing marine animals. we will investigate how size-related di 
of juvenile sea turtles revealing their migration patterns and habitat utilisation and identify 
 revealing their migration patterns and habitat utilisation and identifying hotspots where inte 
ifying hotspots where interactions with fisheries are likely to be most acute.  
14103 7                                   alvar forests grow, besides estonia, in all northern europe o 
 grow, besides estonia, in all northern europe only in the south-eastern part of sweden; theref 
urope only in the south-eastern part of sweden; therefore they must be interpreted and treated  
ponsibility communities in all-european scale, having a great importance for preserving biodive 
aving a great importance for preserving biodiversity. the same is valid about boreo-nemoral dec 
 is valid about boreo-nemoral deciduous forests growing in estonia almost on the northern limit 
a almost on the northern limit of their distribution area. the main aims of the project are: ha 
13311 2              this network of excellence model. this framework will ensure that research contrib 
nding of the inter-relationship between biodiversity and the services it provides to society, a 
14510 1 is to produce heterogeneous seeds. this heterogeneity can affect not only colour, size, and sha 
12355 3 se - why is the r&d needed the food and environment protection act of defra and samples for ana 
vided to cefas who provide a scientific assessment of the license application. mceu wish to est 
ies who could carry out the analysis of marine samples for the required chemicals, provide sati 
12709 17 dentify opportunities for coupling semi-habitat restoration with recreation and tourism. biodiv 
opportunities for coupling semi-habitat restoration with recreation and tourism. biodiversity r 
 coupling semi-habitat restoration with recreation and tourism. biodiversity restoration is typ 
habitat restoration with recreation and tourism. biodiversity restoration is typically tied to  
estoration with recreation and tourism. biodiversity restoration is typically tied to tradition 
th recreation and tourism. biodiversity restoration is typically tied to traditional land use a 
ration is typically tied to traditional land use and particularly to farming and forestry. the  
and use and particularly to farming and forestry. the uk government makes significant investmen 
rnment makes significant investments in habitat restoration through farming schemes, which are  
akes significant investments in habitat restoration through farming schemes, which are by their 
ugh farming schemes, which are by their nature, short-term and dispersed. larger, longer-term r 
term and dispersed. larger, longer-term restoration is more secure in the face of the changing  
more secure in the face of the changing climate. studies of re-wilding, for, have generally ide 
ed limited opportunities in the managed landscape of the uk. however, managed landscapes of hig 
uk. however, managed landscapes of high nature value, such as the new forest or norfolk broads  
s of high nature value, such as the new forest or norfolk broads generate significant business  
ficant business opportunities linked to tourism  
11067 13                                         climate has often been identified as the main determina 
 main determinant of species ranges, so climate change is expected to cause changes in species  
butions. recent research has identified climate-induced shifts in the altitudinal and latitudin 
ifts in the altitudinal and latitudinal distribution of a variety of taxa; however the interact 
mask latitudinal shifts by delaying the extinction of species at a regional scale. although spe 
the extinction of species at a regional scale. although species are likely to respond individua 
s are likely to respond individually to climate change, the overall consequences of these chang 
these changes will determine changes to biodiversity as a whole. thus, exploring the interactio 
derstanding of the potential effects of climate change on regional and global biodiversity. thi 
f climate change on regional and global biodiversity. this project will investigate altitudinal 
regions along a latitudinal transect in europe, where previous data are available from 14 to 26 
s would be expected given the amount of warming that has taken place, and whether these changes 
cies shifts for both local and regional species richness.  
9965 13                                         climate has often been identified as the main determina 
 main determinant of species ranges, so climate change is expected to cause changes in species  
butions. recent research has identified climate-induced shifts in the altitudinal and latitudin 
ifts in the altitudinal and latitudinal distribution of a variety of taxa; however the interact 
mask latitudinal shifts by delaying the extinction of species at a regional scale. although spe 
the extinction of species at a regional scale. although species are likely to respond individua 
s are likely to respond individually to climate change, the overall consequences of these chang 
these changes will determine changes to biodiversity as a whole. thus, exploring the interactio 
derstanding of the potential effects of climate change on regional and global biodiversity. thi 
f climate change on regional and global biodiversity. this project will investigate altitudinal 
regions along a latitudinal transect in europe, where previous data are available from 14 to 26 
s would be expected given the amount of warming that has taken place, and whether these changes 
cies shifts for both local and regional species richness.  
12037 36                                         biodiversity of amazonian landscapes. socio economic de 
scapes. socio economic determinants and production of ecosystem goods and services. in the amaz 
economic determinants and production of ecosystem goods and services. in the amazonian arc of d 
s and services. in the amazonian arc of deforestation, carefully designed legislation to preven 
refully designed legislation to prevent deforestation is inefficient. furthermore, people who l 
nt. furthermore, people who live on the mining exploitation of one of the richest natural resou 
ning exploitation of one of the richest natural resources on earth, especially familiar farmers 
to public health, education, formation, energy or transport facilities. the amaz project aimed  
correct the strongly negative impact on environment while allowing economic and social developm 
ment while allowing economic and social development. the project considered a wide range of sit 
n a set of farms representative of this diversity, we quantified socioeconomic conditions, land 
d socioeconomic conditions, landscapes, biodiversity, productions and ecosystem services provid 
ndscapes, biodiversity, productions and ecosystem services provided by soils, tested for signif 
ions and ecosystem services provided by soils, tested for significant links among them. if sign 
might identify the socioeconomic and/or landscape conditions that would make a most eco efficie 
s among social and economic conditions, landscape composition and structure, biodiversity, agro 
s, landscape composition and structure, biodiversity, agrosylvopastoral productions and ecosyst 
sity, agrosylvopastoral productions and ecosystem services, no attempt had been made so far to  
work on an interdisciplinary conceptual model and created an indicator of eco efficiency that m 
plinary conceptual model and created an indicator of eco efficiency that measures the socioecon 
l model and created an indicator of eco efficiency that measures the socioeconomic and environm 
w a given type of socieconomical and/or landscape conditions affect biodiversity, the provision 
ical and/or landscape conditions affect biodiversity, the provision of ecosystem goods and serv 
s affect biodiversity, the provision of ecosystem goods and services and calculate correspondin 
conditions, landscapes built by people, biodiversity of plants and 7 groups of terrestrial and  
 plants and 7 groups of terrestrial and soil animals. covariation among the 14 different tables 
e socioeconomic types identified manage landscape and biodiversity and the ecosystem goods and  
c types identified manage landscape and biodiversity and the ecosystem goods and services that  
nage landscape and biodiversity and the ecosystem goods and services that they provide. eco eff 
ods and services that they provide. eco efficiency indices were 4 times larger in agroforestry  
ficiency indices were 4 times larger in agroforestry based systems than in extensive livestock  
orestry based systems than in extensive livestock areas, the ones with the lowest ranking. impa 
ith the lowest ranking. impact on local economic development and environmental conservation is  
 economic development and environmental conservation is thus measured and ways to improve ecoef 
f tropical rainforest, as a way to halt deforestation and allow local development.  
y to halt deforestation and allow local development.  
10527 13                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und 
are under strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation  
 strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation of natura 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. 
 natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f 
ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect 
iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv 
oved predictions of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
10774 13                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und 
are under strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation  
 strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation of natura 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. 
 natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f 
ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect 
iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv 
oved predictions of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
11051 13                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und 
are under strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation  
 strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation of natura 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. 
 natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f 
ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect 
iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv 
oved predictions of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
11574 13                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und 
are under strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation  
 strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation of natura 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. 
 natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f 
ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect 
iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv 
oved predictions of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
11816 13                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und 
are under strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation  
 strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation of natura 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. 
 natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f 
ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect 
iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv 
oved predictions of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
11817 13                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und 
are under strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation  
 strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation of natura 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. 
 natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f 
ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect 
iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv 
oved predictions of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
11820 13                               amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area global 
rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und 
are under strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation  
 strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation of natura 
 pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a ch 
ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. 
 natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f 
ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect 
iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we 
rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under 
he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv 
oved predictions of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
of the response of the amazon to future climate change.  
11235 32 s for a 6 month partnership and project development catalyst project to build an interdisciplin 
guardians of some of the most important ecosystems of the planet. amazonia is one of earth s mo 
mazonia is one of earth s most precious ecosystems. as the amazonian forest reaches the andes i 
t precious ecosystems. as the amazonian forest reaches the andes it merges with a contiguous an 
ms. as the amazonian forest reaches the andes it merges with a contiguous and equally important 
iosphere: the yungas . these two sister forest ecosystems are amongst the most biodiverse regio 
e: the yungas . these two sister forest ecosystems are amongst the most biodiverse regions of t 
eral latin american countries including brazil, argentina, peru, and bolivia. together, across  
 countries including brazil, argentina, peru, and bolivia. together, across these four countrie 
 including brazil, argentina, peru, and bolivia. together, across these four countries, these e 
her, across these four countries, these ecosystems span more than 6 million square kilometers,  
via food, medicines, home, culture, and natural resources. these forest biospheres also provide 
, culture, and natural resources. these forest biospheres also provide the world with some of i 
e world with some of its most important ecosystem services in terms of forest and food resource 
mportant ecosystem services in terms of forest and food resources, current and potential new me 
cines, rainfall regulation and a global carbon sink. internationally, there is an urgent need t 
rove understanding of the importance of biodiversity for human health and well-being particular 
nities directly dependent on biodiverse ecosystems. the need is especially urgent in this fragi 
 interdependent biological and cultural diversity, and currently under major threat from exogen 
or threat from exogenous forces such as deforestation, resource extraction and climate change.  
 deforestation, resource extraction and climate change. this proposal is for a 6-month grant to 
anage an amazonia-yungas observatory on biodiversity and indigenous health and wellbeing. such  
 provide vital evidence on the links of biodiversity and indigenous health and well-being in th 
and regional scientists from argentina, peru, brazil, the uk and canada who form an initial int 
gional scientists from argentina, peru, brazil, the uk and canada who form an initial interdisc 
rom argentina, peru, brazil, the uk and canada who form an initial interdisciplinary team of bi 
f awarded, we place a major emphasis on development of partners who will support and guide the  
nd run a yungas-amazonia observatory on biodiversity and indigenous health and well-being 2. to 
s of the yungas-amazonia observatory on biodiversity and indigenous health and well-being speci 
d well-being specific objectives: a. to review existing evidence on links of biodiversity and i 
to review existing evidence on links of biodiversity and indigenous health in the yungas and am 
a 5 year yungas-amazonia observatory on biodiversity and indigenous health and well-being. c. t 
10573 18  play a critical role in the cycling of greenhouse gases between the biosphere and atmosphere.  
s of greenhouse gas exchange from these ecosystems, as attention has largely focussed on fluxes 
ely focussed on fluxes from terra firme forests, savannas and seasonally flooded environments.  
nvironments are likely to change due to climate forcing or anthropogenic intervention. we propo 
some of the first pilot measurements of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from amazonian peatlan 
gin exploring the significance of these ecosystems for regional and global atmospheric budgets. 
h will help us to better understand how methane and nitrous oxide fluxes are influenced by ecol 
to predict the likely outcome of future environmental change or human disturbance, and will be  
of future environmental change or human disturbance, and will be useful for future modelling ef 
turbance, and will be useful for future modelling efforts. this research is important and timel 
opical peatlands for current and future climate change. the need for studies like this are part 
particularly acute for regions like the amazon basin, because of the rapid pace of development  
zon basin, because of the rapid pace of development and land use change, which may trigger enha 
se of the rapid pace of development and land use change, which may trigger enhanced carbon loss 
 use change, which may trigger enhanced carbon losses, greenhouse gas emissions and habitat deg 
on losses, greenhouse gas emissions and habitat degradation, all of which may act as a positive 
s, greenhouse gas emissions and habitat degradation, all of which may act as a positive feedbac 
which may act as a positive feedback to climate change.  
2204 5  is to give these two wps data to start modelling risk and economy already at an early stage of 
e these two wps data to start modelling risk and economy already at an early stage of the progr 
rom this work can then be utilised when modelling the effects on the organism groups of the oth 
untries and the species is also used in aquaculture. the available knowledge about the crayfish 
idemiology of the plague. an ecological model that also incorporates human activities and behav 
11186 11 urce of information about past tropical climate, in particular as they appear to act as a bell- 
hey appear to act as a bell-weather for global warming. in 1998, an estimated 16% of the world  
pread bleaching during 2002. the annual growth bands in coral can be used to reconstructed temp 
s in coral can be used to reconstructed temperature, salinity, ocean circulation, river runoff  
n be used to reconstructed temperature, salinity, ocean circulation, river runoff and sediment  
ure, salinity, ocean circulation, river runoff and sediment discharge over a colony s lifetime. 
ty, ocean circulation, river runoff and sediment discharge over a colony s lifetime. in massive 
 behaviour of high-frequency short-term climate fluctuations such as el niño. even more intrigu 
l to understanding the impact of future climate change and preparing management strategies for  
 of future climate change and preparing management strategies for coral reefs.  
and preparing management strategies for coral reefs.  
10869 6       large colonies of animals such as birds and seals are frequently featured on television w 
s are frequently featured on television wildlife programmes. it is seldom evident from such doc 
 principally to ammonia released during decomposition of excreta and use the measurements to pr 
. we will also measure how much ammonia lichens have taken up and discover to what extent this  
 to what extent this might affect their growth. this project is a contribution to antarctica ne 
project is a contribution to antarctica new zealand s terrestrial biology research programme.  
14274 2 tobservatoire océanologique de banuyls: phytoplankton taxonomy  
océanologique de banuyls: phytoplankton taxonomy  
14782 3 sthobranch molluscs with a wide ranging distribution within the iberian-balerian-macranesian re 
rstanding of the opisthobranch fauna of spain and portugal and of its biology and distribution. 
ain and portugal and of its biology and distribution. to attain these objectives we will undert 
12051 15                                     the marine protected areas are means to protect essential h 
s for the processes of reproduction and growth of juvenile stages. they are determinant for bio 
venile stages. they are determinant for biodiversity conservation purposes. as their efficiency 
versity conservation purposes. as their efficiency for fisheries management is stil questionabl 
ation purposes. as their efficiency for fisheries management is stil questionable, the project  
ical, ecological, economical and social indicators for an ecosystem approach for fisheries, to  
economical and social indicators for an ecosystem approach for fisheries, to test the efficienc 
ndicators for an ecosystem approach for fisheries, to test the efficiency of mpas and to assess 
tem approach for fisheries, to test the efficiency of mpas and to assess the economical activit 
dynamic, bio-economical and multiagents modelling, to define the decision making mechanisms whi 
nd multiagents modelling, to define the decision making mechanisms which condition the implemen 
network of mpas. the calibration of the indicators will be done by analysis of historical datab 
 analysis of historical databases . the efficiency, the study of the decision making process an 
ases . the efficiency, the study of the decision making process and governance will be based on 
tudy of the decision making process and governance will be based on the analysis of reserves of 
15445 6 g to 1 kg. regarding their geographical distribution, different species can be found from the b 
u to tierra del fuego. given this large distribution, the representative of the genus must dig  
of the genus must dig in very different soil conditions. it is known that although limbs are us 
ction of species, representative of the diversity of the genus ctenomys, with techniques alread 
ible morphology and neurocranium suture complexity, using geometrics morphometrics and fractal  
be due to variations in animal size and soil compactness, but also to phylogenetic reasons, sin 
12479 27  estimate the benefits derived from the ecosystem services provided by the terrestrial ecosyste 
em services provided by the terrestrial ecosystems of england, such as woodlands, rural landsca 
d, such as woodlands, rural landscapes, rivers and moorlands. ecosystem services are the proces 
rural landscapes, rivers and moorlands. ecosystem services are the processes by which the natur 
 are the processes by which the natural environment produces resources that are useful to peopl 
people, including goods like timber and fish, and services such as purifying water, pollinating 
nd fish, and services such as purifying water, pollinating crops and providing a natural defenc 
indeed, at a fundamental level, natural ecosystems perform critical life-support services upon  
 upon which human civilization depends. ecosystem services provide us with economic benefits in 
vice provided by a coastal dune system. ecosystems also contain biodiversity discussed the role 
al dune system. ecosystems also contain biodiversity discussed the role of ecosystems at a glob 
tain biodiversity discussed the role of ecosystems at a global level. the current study will sp 
specifically concentrate on terrestrial ecosystems in england and will calculate the value of e 
england and will calculate the value of ecosystem services at regional and national levels. res 
ational levels. results will inform the development of an ‘integrated policy framework which wi 
nform the development of an ‘integrated policy framework which will enable the delivery of defr 
livery of defras vision for the natural environment. this vision is of a diverse, healthy and r 
 diverse, healthy and resilient natural environment, which provides the basis for our survival, 
 carried out in phase 1 of the national environment programme, which included a significant amo 
icant amount of work in identifying the ecosystem services involved, assessing the key issues a 
to the context of england’s terrestrial ecosystems. it will employ a consultative approach, inv 
nt and which, if any, require dedicated valuation studies. a valuation framework will be develo 
 require dedicated valuation studies. a valuation framework will be developed to aid in organis 
 to aid in organising and directing the assessment of the different categories of value. an ini 
gnitude of each service in each type of ecosystem. stage 2 will use the framework developed abo 
ions. a gap analysis will highlight any ecosystem services that could not be valued and will id 
lp us to better understand the value of ecosystems and the goods and services they provide us w 
11861 7                                         ecology has been poor at identifying and researching no 
is inefficient and gives the science of ecology a poor reputation. our proposal is to use a nov 
issues that could potentially affect uk biodiversity.we have planned a collaboration of the lea 
aboration of the leading ecological and conservation groups in the uk, leading academics and sc 
he potential to be of importance for uk biodiversity in the next 50 years but have not been of  
siderable importance is helping set the policy agendas for a range of organisations, including  
nisations, including nerc s living with environmental change programme. it is also likely to be 
11591 2  to work in a collaborative manner with policy makers, policy formers and researchers to identi 
ollaborative manner with policy makers, policy formers and researchers to identify those areas  
12241 8 nding it is unlikely that another large-scale experimental program could be financed, so it is  
ent strategies of fertiliser use on the yield and quality of vegetable crops. such a database s 
 an improved understanding of how added nutrients influence plant growth and development and cr 
 of how added nutrients influence plant growth and development and crop quality, and will ensur 
ed nutrients influence plant growth and development and crop quality, and will ensure better ta 
nd will ensure better targeting of such nutrients. it will also assist with developing best pra 
ble farming systems and integrated farm management practices, helping to minimise the use of no 
 resources and helping to safeguard the environment by optimising fertiliser inputs to farming  
12672 5                 to provide a literature review of techniques assessing the importance of biodiv 
 techniques assessing the importance of biodiversity and related ecosystem services in developi 
 importance of biodiversity and related ecosystem services in developing countries, focusing on 
ummarise the findings of the literature review to broaden understanding of the importance of bi 
aden understanding of the importance of biodiversity in developing countries. to illustrate thi 
10444 7  study the social behaviour of foxes in urban bristol. we will compare gps- and vhf-tracking da 
ange estimates, efficacy of determining habitat use, cost-effectiveness. our ultimate goal is t 
s, efficacy of determining habitat use, cost-effectiveness. our ultimate goal is to advance our 
e goal is to advance our studies on the evolution of group living in carnivores by collecting d 
l care benefits, levels of interference competition and the cost-benefit trade-off between nata 
 trade-off between natal philopatry and dispersal. we will then use these data to model the ben 
spersal. we will then use these data to model the benefits of group living in foxes under diffe 
11576 17  focus for research into the effects of climate change on weather, climate, water resources, ag 
e effects of climate change on weather, climate, water resources, agriculture and ecosystem fun 
 of climate change on weather, climate, water resources, agriculture and ecosystem function. th 
e on weather, climate, water resources, agriculture and ecosystem function. the evaporative wat 
imate, water resources, agriculture and ecosystem function. the evaporative water loss from can 
and ecosystem function. the evaporative water loss from canopies is comprised of both wet evapo 
oth wet evaporation from the canopy and soil surfaces and transpiration derived from within the 
 covariance observations of evaporative water loss made above plant canopies into their wet eva 
act that when wet, plant canopies loose water at the potential rate of evaporation whilst when  
evaporation whilst when dry the rate of water loss is somewhat reduced due to stomatal limitati 
g events cause the observed evaporative water loss to change between these two conditions. this 
urface can be specified. using a simple modelling approach this wetness is determined by the di 
 covariance observations of evaporative water loss combined with satellite microwave data which 
s for which eddy covariance evaporative water loss data are held on a central database called f 
ing so, this will enable a study of the water use strategies of these plant canopies in relatio 
pies in relation to their corresponding climate and water budget constraints.  
tion to their corresponding climate and water budget constraints.  
10650 21 ns store as much as one-third of global soil carbon and represent a highly important global car 
and represent a highly important global carbon dioxide sink, with an amount of stored carbon re 
 dioxide sink, with an amount of stored carbon representing 25-50% of current levels of atmosph 
 their ability to continue to sequester carbon dioxide and their botanical composition under fu 
heir botanical composition under future global warming scenarios is uncertain, but research int 
composition under future global warming scenarios is uncertain, but research into their ability 
ut research into their ability to store carbon during former periods of climate change can prov 
o store carbon during former periods of climate change can provide clues to their potential fut 
 been shown that changes in the rate of carbon accumulation during the medieval warm period and 
l to reconstruct the local peat forming vegetation when investigating long-term records of carb 
when investigating long-term records of carbon accumulation, but this, unfortunately is not alw 
and other boreal and subarctic peatland ecosystems. given this, there is a pressing need to dev 
its which contain millennial records of carbon accumulation rate changes, and in this way recon 
the spatial and temporal variability of carbon sequestration. this research seeks to redress th 
 reconstruct the potential former local vegetation of a blanket peat sample of imperfectly know 
og deposits contain detailed records of carbon sequestration rate changes, and also provide pro 
on rate changes, and also provide proxy-climate data and long-term ecological records to inform 
 long-term ecological records to inform conservation policies. uk scientists are world leaders  
c s current strategic science themes on biodiversity, sustainable use of natural resources, and 
mes on biodiversity, sustainable use of natural resources, and knowledge exchange to stakeholde 
al resources, and knowledge exchange to stakeholders.  
12327 2                                      an evaluation of the relative difficulty encountered by up 
culty encountered by upland and lowland grassland farmers in entering els  
10342 3 known . predicted outcomes include: the development of simulation software for use by biogeogra 
 more rigorous testing of hypotheses of global change and earth-life co-evolution.  
eses of global change and earth-life co-evolution.  
10079 12                                         pollination ecology in now able to explain and predict  
                            pollination ecology in now able to explain and predict pollinator-m 
logy in now able to explain and predict pollinator-mediated gene flow. the comprehensive model  
r-mediated gene flow. the comprehensive model of cresswell et al. encapsulates key elements of  
ey elements of our conventional view of pollination and offers a powerful understanding of a pr 
ic structure of many plant species. the model can be applied to insect-pollinated crops and so  
plied to insect-pollinated crops and so yield predictions about the level of escape of genetica 
 a preliminary experimental test of the model yielded only partial success, however. i therefor 
mme of experiments to evaluate both the model and three previously unstudied pollination proces 
he model and three previously unstudied pollination processes that may affect the accuracy of i 
ct the accuracy of its predictions. the evaluation is critical in developing a full understandi 
l in developing a full understanding of pollinator-mediated gene flow and thus supporting accur 
10041 12               the colourful displays of birds represent some of the most spectacular features i 
gments in feathers and bills, and these traits feature prominently in research on sexual select 
 and mate quality to potential mates or dominance and fighting ability to competitive rivals. c 
als. carotenoids are not synthesized by birds , but are obtained from their diet, although they 
e system, leading to the possibility of trade-offs in their usage. while environmental factors  
rtant in carotenoid-based coloration in birds. the study group are the african widowbirds and q 
h have many advantages: they show great diversity in the carotenoid patterning and the type of  
d employed in displays; the behavioural ecology of carotenoid patches has been intensively stud 
nsively studied; carotenoid content and metabolism have been studied in many species; and a rob 
re the genetic mechanisms of carotenoid metabolism and deposition, and are the mechanisms the s 
onary basis of carotenoid coloration in birds that will be of very broad interest to behavioura 
 of carotenoid coloration and potential trade-offs with other carotenoid functions such as anti 
152 8 ntries and testing them on the existing yield table, sample plot and tree stem analysis data. 1 
 test them on data sets. 6. testing and evaluation of the models saved in the information syste 
 7. re-measuring of the permanent stand growth sample plot network covering all of estonia. 8.  
lot network covering all of estonia. 8. development of a database for forest growth functions.  
tonia. 8. development of a database for forest growth functions. 9. research on the theoretical 
8. development of a database for forest growth functions. 9. research on the theoretical aspect 
 research on the theoretical aspects of forest modelling and statistical analysis.  
ch on the theoretical aspects of forest modelling and statistical analysis.  
10901 2 ompound specific 15n analysis for total nitrogen analysis. in both cases the capability for 13c 
nation will take place through the nerc community and beyond. commercial exploitation will be u 
13799 10  analyze the role of different forms of urban green areas for biodiversity conservation and eco 
ifferent forms of urban green areas for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning in  
areas for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning in the central parts of the stock 
dius of 20 km, centered in the national urban park. the major objectives are: . the social anal 
focuses, among others, on how different property rights and management practices of these land  
s, on how different property rights and management practices of these land uses influence biodi 
 practices of these land uses influence biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of nup and surro 
ing habitats. habitats analyzed include nature reserves, dispersal corridors in green wedges, c 
itats analyzed include nature reserves, dispersal corridors in green wedges, city parks, reside 
s, golf courses, agricultural lands and forestry.  
7689 37 e green belt formed by the agricultural irrigation canals is in the present context of land a s 
ovence french riviera. take the role of irrigation canals in ecological dynamics, economic and  
cological dynamics, economic and social mediterranean territories changing, was the subject of  
gical, economic and social agricultural water in the mediterranean: which issues for which serv 
ic and social agricultural water in the mediterranean: which issues for which services,"co-orga 
 and giest in january 2011. new uses of irrigation canals covered both economic and social dyna 
h more knowledge on the contribution of irrigation channels to ecological and landscape dynamic 
f irrigation channels to ecological and landscape dynamics of this territory. conducting an ana 
n frame of durance luberon territory of irrigation canals will meet this demand. the objective  
s demand. the objective is to provide a mapping tool that models the interactions between socia 
s between social dynamics, economic and landscape that can support the development of interdisc 
omic and landscape that can support the development of interdisciplinary research and managemen 
pment of interdisciplinary research and management choices. modeling morphological and geograph 
linary research and management choices. modeling morphological and geographical components of t 
hical components of the contribution of irrigation channels in the landscape and vegetation wil 
tribution of irrigation channels in the landscape and vegetation will be analyzed in terms of e 
rrigation channels in the landscape and vegetation will be analyzed in terms of ecological and  
the territory. the economic analysis of landscape and ecological services provided by the chann 
 the economic analysis of landscape and ecological services provided by the channels will forma 
alize their value and possible forms of recovery. the sociological approach will seek to identi 
ifferent actors concerned by the use of irrigation canals and management. it then looks at how  
ned by the use of irrigation canals and management. it then looks at how the new environmental  
ings the government to offer innovative management systems to keep them in a context of urban p 
nt systems to keep them in a context of urban pressure and loss of agricultural activity. from  
. from the data collected and generated mapping, we show how the irrigation canals can foster c 
 and generated mapping, we show how the irrigation canals can foster connectivity between farml 
ow how the irrigation canals can foster connectivity between farmland and ecological value area 
e ecological role that they play in the production of environmentally and socially valued lands 
es change the modes of intervention and management of associative structures that are in charge 
on of these amenities in the integrated management schemes at the territorial level, considerin 
ke in this research project is that the irrigation canals now form an aquatic soustrame, in the 
ee of green and blue, characteristic of biodiversity in the mediterranean region. knowledge and 
, characteristic of biodiversity in the mediterranean region. knowledge and development of this 
the mediterranean region. knowledge and development of this dynamic plant on the outskirts of i 
 this dynamic plant on the outskirts of irrigation canals, such as the role that they play in t 
 such as the role that they play in the production of landscapes raises questions about how the 
 which they will can be integrated into management decisions implemented throughout the territo 
14848 13                             the aquatic ecosystems of the central plateau are included in one o 
urbed and important area for biological conservation, due to the high anthropogenic pressure, a 
 pressure, as well as the high level of endemism present and the great quantity of biological g 
tity of biological groups vulnerable to extinction. in front of the biological, ecological and  
f the biological, ecological and social complexity present in this region, one of the bases for 
nt in this region, one of the bases for conservation is the establishment of integrated criteri 
to determine priorities and found those ecosystems in which is convenient to focus the conserva 
e region deal with the knowledge of the biological diversity and others have remarked the highl 
tive which reach a broader study of the complexity of these situations. to do it, this project  
ry of the group of fishes and benthonic invertebrates from the region, by mean of a compared ph 
nalysis, 2 to characterize the state of conservation of the aquatic habitats by mean of develop 
tion of the aquatic habitats by mean of development and application of the accurate index of bi 
rminate the prioritary aquatic zones to conservation in the central plateau.  
11726 11 ntly begun the first study of fluxes of energy, water and co2 over a mangrove forest using the  
un the first study of fluxes of energy, water and co2 over a mangrove forest using the eddy cov 
 fluxes of energy, water and co2 over a mangrove forest using the eddy covariance technique. th 
f energy, water and co2 over a mangrove forest using the eddy covariance technique. this experi 
 and dry seasons. canopy- and component-scale measurements will be integrated within a state-of 
be integrated within a state-of-the-art modelling framework, leading the first mechanistic unde 
hanistic understanding of the fluxes of energy and mass in a mangrove ecosystem. this is an opp 
g of the fluxes of energy and mass in a mangrove ecosystem. this is an opportunity to understan 
fluxes of energy and mass in a mangrove ecosystem. this is an opportunity to understand a key f 
s is an opportunity to understand a key forest type that, unlike inland rain forest, harbours v 
ey forest type that, unlike inland rain forest, harbours very few tree species and is strongly  
15017 2 ch, it will be investigated whether the distribution, size and spectral characteristics of the  
f the colored plumage patches of a bird community maximizes conspicuosness toward intended rece 
10052 23 ese materials will be released into the environment, especially from domestic use, and that the 
lready shown that tio2 nps are toxic to fish, and in this one-year project we are concerned abo 
rned about the microbial communities in marine and freshwater sediments. bacterial communities  
the microbial communities in marine and freshwater sediments. bacterial communities play import 
unities play important roles in aquatic food webs, and are vital to the integrity and normal nu 
d are vital to the integrity and normal nutrient cycling, stability, and functional geochemistr 
 integrity and normal nutrient cycling, stability, and functional geochemistry of sediments. in 
 in aquatic sediments and the overlying water. our approach is to use field-collected natural s 
e field-collected natural sediments and water from coastal marine and freshwater sites, and exp 
atural sediments and water from coastal marine and freshwater sites, and expose these to either 
ments and water from coastal marine and freshwater sites, and expose these to either nano silve 
or tio2 np in the laboratory. bacterial diversity will be assessed using state-of-the-art molec 
ctions from the sediments and overlying water. particle characterisation will involve several r 
surements, and chemical factors such as water ph or salinity will be monitored. the project bri 
nts, and chemical factors such as water ph or salinity will be monitored. the project brings to 
nd chemical factors such as water ph or salinity will be monitored. the project brings together 
he project brings together expertise on bacteria, sediment/metal chemistry, and the ecotoxicolo 
 brings together expertise on bacteria, sediment/metal chemistry, and the ecotoxicology of nano 
eria, sediment/metal chemistry, and the ecotoxicology of nanoparticles. the deliverables will i 
s will include measured time courses of microbial diversity during controlled sediment and wate 
f microbial diversity during controlled sediment and water exposures to silver and tio2 nps in  
iversity during controlled sediment and water exposures to silver and tio2 nps in separate expe 
lso be harmful to microorganisms in the environment.  
12703 9 f three linked investigations to inform policy making and land management decisions concerning  
estigations to inform policy making and land management decisions concerning climate change and 
nd land management decisions concerning climate change and protected sites, and considerations  
es, and considerations towards managing adaptation and mitigation needs . the project requires  
rations towards managing adaptation and mitigation needs . the project requires the use of clim 
needs . the project requires the use of climate projections , which is reviewing data sets, inc 
r evidence of signals of the effects of climate change. there is also a project that is assessi 
is also a project that is assessing the impacts of climate change on ornithological interest of 
roject that is assessing the impacts of climate change on ornithological interest of uk special 
1085 17 ological mechanisms which influence the invasion of mediterranean sand dune ecosystems by alien 
hanisms which influence the invasion of mediterranean sand dune ecosystems by alien plants. the 
the invasion of mediterranean sand dune ecosystems by alien plants. the current project aims to 
ate the degree of naturalisation of the exotic species and their position concerning naturaliza 
heir position concerning naturalization-invasion processes. this project aims at setting up a g 
 information regarding their geographic distribution. to this scope, the data base will be inte 
the data base will be integrated with a gis software in order to produce a cartographic represe 
 be carried out in order to analyse the diversity of native and alien species in the different  
 to analyse the diversity of native and alien species in the different plant community types gr 
nd alien species in the different plant community types growing on coastal dunes. furthermore,  
wing on coastal dunes. furthermore, the invasion processes of the sand dune systems will be mon 
ats. the study of the morphological and functional traits will be carried out for all sampled s 
issen et al. . finally, the analysis of plant functional types together with the analysis of bi 
nal types together with the analysis of biodiversity could be eventually apply to propose model 
dels which can predict the diffusion of alien species and to analyse invasion processes current 
ffusion of alien species and to analyse invasion processes currently in progress in sand dune e 
sses currently in progress in sand dune ecosystems.  
14569 7 lithus is the most popular inoculant in forestry. effects of pisolithus inoculation vary wiyh s 
trains and depend on the host plant and soil features. studies on its genetic and functional di 
il features. studies on its genetic and functional diversity would enable a more rational selec 
h insights into the contribution of the genetic diversity of soil microorganisms to the functio 
ontribution of the genetic diversity of soil microorganisms to the functioning of forest ecosys 
il microorganisms to the functioning of forest ecosystems. .  
oorganisms to the functioning of forest ecosystems. .  
10232 16 ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come 
uthern boundaries are also sensitive to climate is equivocal. we will analyse existing data set 
t southern range margins in relation to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability 
 to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new f 
e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode 
dynamics. using new field data, we will model relationships between current distribution, habit 
ill model relationships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with 
tionships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical cl 
tween current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical climate and di 
limate, and test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relat 
test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relate species th 
 will attempt to relate species thermal ecology to recent distribution changes, and then use ou 
elate species thermal ecology to recent distribution changes, and then use our models to predic 
hen use our models to predict potential distribution changes under alternative future climate c 
bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.  
under alternative future climate change scenarios.  
10498 16 ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come 
uthern boundaries are also sensitive to climate is equivocal. we will analyse existing data set 
t southern range margins in relation to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability 
 to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new f 
e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode 
dynamics. using new field data, we will model relationships between current distribution, habit 
ill model relationships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with 
tionships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical cl 
tween current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical climate and di 
limate, and test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relat 
test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relate species th 
 will attempt to relate species thermal ecology to recent distribution changes, and then use ou 
elate species thermal ecology to recent distribution changes, and then use our models to predic 
hen use our models to predict potential distribution changes under alternative future climate c 
bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.  
under alternative future climate change scenarios.  
11512 16 ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come 
uthern boundaries are also sensitive to climate is equivocal. we will analyse existing data set 
t southern range margins in relation to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability 
 to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new f 
e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode 
dynamics. using new field data, we will model relationships between current distribution, habit 
ill model relationships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with 
tionships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical cl 
tween current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical climate and di 
limate, and test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relat 
test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relate species th 
 will attempt to relate species thermal ecology to recent distribution changes, and then use ou 
elate species thermal ecology to recent distribution changes, and then use our models to predic 
hen use our models to predict potential distribution changes under alternative future climate c 
bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.  
under alternative future climate change scenarios.  
11613 16 ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come 
uthern boundaries are also sensitive to climate is equivocal. we will analyse existing data set 
t southern range margins in relation to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability 
 to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new f 
e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode 
dynamics. using new field data, we will model relationships between current distribution, habit 
ill model relationships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with 
tionships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical cl 
tween current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical climate and di 
limate, and test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relat 
test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relate species th 
 will attempt to relate species thermal ecology to recent distribution changes, and then use ou 
elate species thermal ecology to recent distribution changes, and then use our models to predic 
hen use our models to predict potential distribution changes under alternative future climate c 
bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.  
under alternative future climate change scenarios.  
15172 6  relationships between phylogenetic and functional diversity of am fungi associated to the targ 
ogenetic and functional diversity of am fungi associated to the target plants. 3. to produce am 
izal establishment, to assure am fungal diversity in planta and to facilitate the succession of 
versity in planta and to facilitate the succession of the different am fungi. this biotechnolog 
tate the succession of the different am fungi. this biotechnological development would be based 
fferent am fungi. this biotechnological development would be based on the use of the methodolog 
10721 3 wever, recent results indicate that the evolution of this differential use of genes is incomple 
e genes that cause antagonism, or their function in the organism or how they evolve. this proje 
ally, we will study the patterns of dna evolution of loci involved in antagonism in order ident 
7380 1  real situations and mobilizes deducted indicators molecular typing, genealogies or genetic eva 
7596 3 taining the gene i, head of sustainable resistance to nematodes, has been cloned and sequenced  
ne i, head of sustainable resistance to nematodes, has been cloned and sequenced from prunus ce 
pecies. lustre. the project is to study diversity within the euprunus section and compare it to 
10960 2 recorder , a more robust picture of the distribution of the key taxa and the plankton community 
bution of the key taxa and the plankton community structure will be possible.  
6923 2  host plant cells resulting in tumorous growth. the transfer of bacterial dna from the bacteriu 
ar breeding since they may increase the efficiency grapevine transformation. on the other hand, 
14536 4 eport of 2002, the committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology, r 
 definition in bacteriology, recommends evaluation of multilocus gene sequence analysis for its 
e it is a genus with a great ecological diversity and it is not well-defined taxonomically. in  
ecies concept obtained with our data to bacteria in general.  
7529 2 , the question is whether interspecific diversity will be valued. the methods are: analysis by  
alculation of the coordinates in cielab scale, chromosomal enumeration clones, interspecific hy 
15173 4 ntages, since it is a diploid amphibian model for which a lot of methodological tools have been 
fferentiated ovaries . finally, gonadal development we will be studied using two approaches. on 
ges that take place in the gonad during development will allow us to establish the role of thos 
 differential expression during gonadal development in x. tropicalis using microarrays. the ana 
12517 1                             after rapid growth, the area of organically farmed land has remaine 
12461 4 articularly the vision of a sustainable fishing industry contributing to coastal communities in 
 contributing to coastal communities in fisheries 2027. key customer purpose this project asses 
to thinking on the reform of the common fisheries policy.  
g on the reform of the common fisheries policy.  
15038 35                                         biological invasions are important elements of global c 
cal invasions are important elements of global change, representing the second threaten for ear 
resenting the second threaten for earth biodiversity in terms of importance, being responsible  
he decline and even collapse of several marine ecosystems. seaweeds represent an important comp 
ine and even collapse of several marine ecosystems. seaweeds represent an important component o 
eds represent an important component of marine exotic species, ranging between 10 and 40% of th 
resent an important component of marine exotic species, ranging between 10 and 40% of the total 
tween 10 and 40% of the total number of introduced species. naturalization and, fast and wide e 
on of some of these species mean a high risk for marine ecosystems, as seaweeds may function as 
e of these species mean a high risk for marine ecosystems, as seaweeds may function as ecosyste 
ese species mean a high risk for marine ecosystems, as seaweeds may function as ecosystem engin 
 for marine ecosystems, as seaweeds may function as ecosystem engineers, being able to change t 
ecosystems, as seaweeds may function as ecosystem engineers, being able to change their structu 
eing able to change their structure and function, monopolizing the space and altering trophic n 
tors or factors related to the receiver community, such as its species richness, conservation d 
 to the receiver community, such as its species richness, conservation degree or resources avai 
ommunity, such as its species richness, conservation degree or resources availability. another  
 have evolutionary consequences for the ecosystems, further than the direct impacts by the inva 
the ecosystems, further than the direct impacts by the invasive species, such as changes in spe 
 further than the direct impacts by the invasive species, such as changes in species compositio 
he invasive species, such as changes in species composition, and structure and production of th 
 species composition, and structure and production of the communities, which until now has only 
oubt the most effective defence against biological invasions is prevention, for which, recently 
roposed: prediction based in biological distribution models. these predictive studies allow the 
els. these predictive studies allow the development of early detection systems to estimate the  
early detection systems to estimate the risk of invasions in the present climatic scenario and  
t climatic scenario and in new climatic scenarios of global warming, identifying special sensit 
enario and in new climatic scenarios of global warming, identifying special sensitive regions t 
dentifying special sensitive regions to invasive species and, with them specific communities. u 
questions will be faced, considering as model the invasion of the red seaweed asparagopsis taxi 
will be faced, considering as model the invasion of the red seaweed asparagopsis taxiformis on  
 red seaweed asparagopsis taxiformis on mediterranean andalusian coasts, where this species has 
cies is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in europe and in the mediterranean sea 
ne of the 100 worst invasive species in europe and in the mediterranean sea, it has been little 
t invasive species in europe and in the mediterranean sea, it has been little studied.  
14705 5 istory of human cultures throughout the mediterranean basin. the current historical theory on g 
d have been cloned and spread along the mediterranean area from east to west, accounting for mo 
 domesticated grapevines present in the mediterranean basin, and with this methodology analyse  
deferential components in our winemaker production. in the other hand, to know the genetic dive 
duction. in the other hand, to know the genetic diversity of this specie allows us to develop m 
7532 3 tic profiles. we propose to analyze the genetic diversity of 15 of these races with the panel o 
ation on the history of these breeds of livestock information, and study genetic distances betw 
l be calculated by using the methods of classification distances nei, cavalli - sforza and reyn 
15143 18                               nowadays, habitat destruction and fragmentation are major threats 
      nowadays, habitat destruction and fragmentation are major threats to the biodiversity con 
 fragmentation are major threats to the biodiversity conservation. in agricultural landscapes,  
ts to the biodiversity conservation. in agricultural landscapes, loss of habitat diversity and  
on. in agricultural landscapes, loss of habitat diversity and complexity, at different spatial  
gricultural landscapes, loss of habitat diversity and complexity, at different spatial scales,  
ndscapes, loss of habitat diversity and complexity, at different spatial scales, is also a crit 
ting for a major decrease of biological richness. a great amount of european diversity is maint 
al richness. a great amount of european diversity is maintained in these landscapes, so it will 
ome urgent to know the effects that the habitat structure of agricultural landscapes has on its 
e effects that the habitat structure of agricultural landscapes has on its biological diversity 
e of agricultural landscapes has on its biological diversity. by using aerial-nesting bees and  
ical diversity. by using aerial-nesting bees and wasps estimating the effect that small fragmen 
ce that small fragments of semi-natural habitat have as biological corridors, allowing to estab 
lowing to establish a continuity in the landscape matrix. the main objective is to ascertain th 
tial aspects, to evaluate the losses of diversity and to provide administration agencies with i 
olicies related with land exploitation, landscape design and the proposal of agri-environment s 
n, landscape design and the proposal of agri-environment schemes.  
7371 2 e such work by analyzing the nucleotide diversity of four key players in the formation of cross 
the formation of crossing- overs at the scale of a rapeseed variety collection  
158 1 ses by switching them on and off in the model.  
14862 9 nt in practically every permanent fresh water body of this planet and they exert in many cases  
et and they exert in many cases crucial ecological functions as principal components of the ben 
unctions as principal components of the benthos. advances in the knowledge of their biodiversit 
hos. advances in the knowledge of their biodiversity are seriously hampered by the unreliabilit 
by the unreliability of many anatomical traits currently used as species-diagnostic characters  
e leap forward in the following fields: biodiversity, discovery of new anatomical structures th 
n serve as diagnostic characters in the taxonomy of the various sub-groups, clarification of so 
ficids, and morphology, ultrastructure, distribution and function of various external ciliated  
ology, ultrastructure, distribution and function of various external ciliated sensory organs pr 
10068 2 er these lineages have responded to the evolution of their hosts in the same way. some kinds of 
standing of the factors involved in the evolution of host-parasite assemblages.  
15424 10 tidisciplinary perspective to study the evolution of sexual behaviour, genitalia and alternativ 
008-02799 to propose an overview of the evolution of genitalia in the zygoptera . one of the mo 
y sexual reproduction is predominant in nature, despite its numerous costs. here we propose to  
c damselfly, to test theories about the evolution and maintenance of sex, and particularly the  
thesis. i. hastata is also an excellent model to study the nature and significance of selfish g 
is also an excellent model to study the nature and significance of selfish genetic elements, li 
e transposons. we recently reviewed the evolution and maintenance of alternative colour morphs  
euridae, an endemic of the mountains of costa rica and panama, and in one representative of the 
 make a comprehensive analysis of sperm competition mechanisms and other postcopulatory sexual  
selection processes and map them in the phylogeny.  
13415 4                                         conservation programme aims to prevent process of extin 
on programme aims to prevent process of extinction, to provide descriptive information about th 
erformance and to develop a sustainable production system of angora goats in rural areas within 
ts in rural areas within the context of conservation and sustainable utilization of animal gene 
14166 11 tometer for the measurements of angular distribution of forest directional reflectance, and mea 
measurements of angular distribution of forest directional reflectance, and measurements of the 
 of these distributions over hemiboreal forests. ground-based point measurements, theoretical s 
nt and potential of angular reflectance distribution in remote sensing applications. for exampl 
 of angular reflectance distribution in remote sensing applications. for example, the angular d 
 applications. for example, the angular distribution of forest reflectance provides additional  
or example, the angular distribution of forest reflectance provides additional data on stand gr 
tance provides additional data on stand growth and state which is not available looking directl 
 of data are sparse, and for hemiboreal forests almost non-existent. the measurement platform w 
 a test site of international satellite remote sensing projects. besides advancing the know-how 
es advancing the know-how of instrument development and data processing techniques, the results 
9963 8 ive in social groups, such as shoals of fish, herds of zebra, and flocks of birds. much is know 
 of fish, herds of zebra, and flocks of birds. much is known about the benefits and costs of li 
 in the group. we now know that the way fish shoals or flocks of birds move together can be exp 
w that the way fish shoals or flocks of birds move together can be explained by looking at the  
ightened, perhaps because they detect a predator, they tend to bunch together tightly. this has 
uce its chance of being captured by the predator by moving in between other individuals, and th 
viour to the predictions of the models. marine sticklebacks are ideal for this sort of work, as 
 the wild, and also swim freely in open water without seeking protection from the walls of an a 
1987 11                       yearly, migratory birds travel between their wintering and breeding groun 
 number of distant stop-over sites. why birds use a particular route and follow a particular mi 
articular route and follow a particular migration schedule and what the implications will be of 
understanding of the connection between migration and ecological, evolutionary and conservation 
ration and ecological, evolutionary and conservation issues. in particular, state-dependent mod 
 interactions with conspecifics and the environment. therefore, they can assist in analysing th 
rs. we aim to develop an annual routine model and to obtain general insights into what shapes l 
insights into what shapes long-distance migration in birds, to estimate consequences of potenti 
 what shapes long-distance migration in birds, to estimate consequences of potential environmen 
d thus, to establish a basis for future management. in particular, we will 1 identify key proce 
cesses in the annual cycle of migratory birds including processes that show their effects in a  
13600 18                           the effect of disturbance on ecosystems is one of the key questions i 
           the effect of disturbance on ecosystems is one of the key questions in contemporary  
ne of the key questions in contemporary ecology and conservation biology. in the proposed proje 
y questions in contemporary ecology and conservation biology. in the proposed project, i addres 
fect of canopy-thinning on ant-epiphyte metacommunity structure. the combination of these two m 
hoose to perform the studies in a shade coffee agroecosystem in the chiapas, mexico. first it p 
o perform the studies in a shade coffee agroecosystem in the chiapas, mexico. first it provides 
de coffee agroecosystem in the chiapas, mexico. first it provides the opportunity to study the  
tunity to study the effect of different management intenstiy on this ecosystem. second, it func 
 different management intenstiy on this ecosystem. second, it functions as a model system to an 
is ecosystem. second, it functions as a model system to answer the more general ecological ques 
 general ecological question about rain forest ecocsystem response to canopy disturbance. the f 
in forest ecocsystem response to canopy disturbance. the field site is subjected to four differ 
cted and previously unpublished data on community structure of arboreal ants and combine this w 
data on community structure of arboreal ants and combine this with spatially explicit epiphyte  
e this with spatially explicit epiphyte abundance data, which i will collect on the shade-trees 
 the process of the interaction between ants and plants, i will preform an experiment on the an 
he ant response to variuos epiphytes on coffee plants and shade trees. i will primarily be loca 
14417 21 nd is considered to be a wide field for biodiversity and environmental protection investigation 
onmental protection investigations. the resistance of algae is connected with the efficiency of 
ction investigations. the resistance of algae is connected with the efficiency of their repair  
sistance of algae is connected with the efficiency of their repair system and the stability of  
ficiency of their repair system and the stability of cell antioxidant defense. such kinds of st 
icance because of the fact that man and environment plants are forced to live under deteriorati 
g the elucidation of mechanisms forming resistance to uv, oxidative, light and temperature stre 
 resistance to uv, oxidative, light and temperature stress. some algae remain vital even at hig 
to uv, oxidative, light and temperature stress. some algae remain vital even at highest uv leve 
ive, light and temperature stress. some algae remain vital even at highest uv levels, and for t 
hest uv levels, and for that fact their adaptation is expected to adjust easily to higher radia 
e. in this aspect, the use of antarctic algae as model systems for creation of survival strateg 
s aspect, the use of antarctic algae as model systems for creation of survival strategies is ap 
of molecular and biochemical markers of resistance to ultraviolet radiation alone or combined w 
n alone or combined with other forms of stress in antarctic algae, as well as the creation of c 
with other forms of stress in antarctic algae, as well as the creation of complex strategies to 
n of complex strategies to assess algal resistance. we expect to determine uv stress markers wh 
l resistance. we expect to determine uv stress markers which are to be used when screening and  
which are to be used when screening and monitoring the environment, as well as when selecting r 
 used when screening and monitoring the environment, as well as when selecting resistible agric 
t, as well as when selecting resistible agriculture plants.  
10344 9 ular the group will study the supply of nitrogen and carbon to the bacteria and algae, how this 
p will study the supply of nitrogen and carbon to the bacteria and algae, how this is affected  
he supply of nitrogen and carbon to the bacteria and algae, how this is affected by the tempera 
nitrogen and carbon to the bacteria and algae, how this is affected by the temperature and salt 
 and algae, how this is affected by the temperature and saltiness of the brines contained in th 
e, try to link the seasonal dynamics of nutrients, photosynthetic organisms and bacteria and lo 
nutrients, photosynthetic organisms and bacteria and look for specific chemical signatures of t 
ganisms that can relate to the chemical environment in which they have grown. such signatures a 
nd in particular microbial dynamics and diversity and chemical processes within the oceans. the 
14366 24  the quality of the generated dems. wp2 development and evolution of river systems: the major a 
the generated dems. wp2 development and evolution of river systems: the major aim of this wp is 
nic morphological features in a fluvial landscape. it will also be investigated whether spectra 
ties provide information on the spatial distribution of specific fluvial land morphologies thro 
al land morphologies through changes in land cover and underlying soil composition. results wil 
gh changes in land cover and underlying soil composition. results will be cross-validated with  
: the goal of this wp is to assess dune migration rates and directions in the vicinity of the f 
s and directions in the vicinity of the floodplain on a timescale of several decades through mu 
 are characterised by variations in the density of archaeological and settlement remains in con 
ings. wp5 functional and multi-temporal urban development: the objective of this wp is to study 
wp5 functional and multi-temporal urban development: the objective of this wp is to study the d 
ges and their relation with demographic evolution using a multi-temporal analysis of rs-imagery 
ties will be analysed, buth also the 3d evolution using results from wp 1. wp6 integration, int 
 wp 1. wp6 integration, interaction and modeling of the urban, physical and archaeological envi 
ration, interaction and modeling of the urban, physical and archaeological environment: in this 
 the urban, physical and archaeological environment: in this wp, the results of wps 1-5 will be 
ed in order to understand the long-term landscape development. the aim is to study human-enviro 
r to understand the long-term landscape development. the aim is to study human-environment inte 
 development. the aim is to study human-environment interactions and to asses the impact of urb 
interactions and to asses the impact of urban development on the natural and cultural heritage  
ctions and to asses the impact of urban development on the natural and cultural heritage throug 
tural and cultural heritage through the modelling of urban expansion and to assess the impact o 
tural heritage through the modelling of urban expansion and to assess the impact of environment 
 impact of environmental changes on the distribution of archaeological features. -------------- 
14708 11 symbiotic association with a species of bacteria is maintained inside the gland. such bacteria  
ia is maintained inside the gland. such bacteria produce bacteriocins, substances with antimicr 
 of the relationship between hoopoe and bacteria, the mode of transmission of the symbiont amon 
control the relationship maintaining it seasonality. another objective is to know whether such  
kind of relationships are widespread in nature within birds phylogeny. finally, since all upupi 
onships are widespread in nature within birds phylogeny. finally, since all upupiformes coincid 
s are widespread in nature within birds phylogeny. finally, since all upupiformes coincide in p 
 we will check whether all of them host bacteria, and how much variation exists in the bacteria 
a, and how much variation exists in the bacteria taxons inhabiting the glands. the phylogenies  
ting the glands. the phylogenies of the birds and the symbionts will be compared to gain insigh 
ght in the evolutionary history of this mutualism.  
13786 3 mechanisms that control the baculovirus development in the lepidopteran host is important for t 
-industry and for improving baculovirus efficiency in biological control. it can also give insi 
for improving baculovirus efficiency in biological control. it can also give insights into anti 
14106 17 siveness and immunotolerance, including assessment of possible oxidative damages in immunopatho 
s relating to costs of reproduction and dominance in field studies on free-living birds. resear 
minance in field studies on free-living birds. research will be conducted on traditional study  
al study objects of evolutionary animal ecology – greenfinches and great tits, i.e., passerine  
finches and great tits, i.e., passerine birds with carotenoid-based plumage ornaments. hypothes 
n the basis of theories of life-history evolution and parasite-mediated sexual selection will b 
up-regulation and suppression of immune function and antioxidant barriers in order to investiga 
ther immune activation causes oxidative stress and whether and how these processes are modulate 
ndividual infection status. in the same model, the potential of carotenoid-based ornaments in a 
 tested. costs and benefits of parasite resistance and tolerance, including effects on antioxid 
sed ornaments, will be evaluated in the model of experimental coccidiosis. the same model will  
l of experimental coccidiosis. the same model will be also applied for assessment how standard  
the same model will be also applied for assessment how standard assays of immunocompetence rela 
rd assays of immunocompetence relate to resistance and tolerance of real parasites. the hypothe 
physiological costs of reproduction and dominance are caused by immune suppression and oxidativ 
sed by immune suppression and oxidative stress will be tested by experimental manipulation of r 
manipulation of reproductive effort and dominance.  
7630 15 re acquired and rehabilitated partly by biodiversity subsidiary of the Caisse des Dépôts et Con 
uble experimentation both in ecological rehabilitation of the site of the establishment for the 
nce a pool of active natural ecological compensation by supply. our project has two primary obj 
our project has two primary objectives, ecological restoration operations are also part of the  
oration operations are also part of the compensation devices. is meant by ecological compensati 
nsation devices. is meant by ecological compensation compensation "in kind" to offset the envir 
es. is meant by ecological compensation compensation "in kind" to offset the environmental impa 
on compensation "in kind" to offset the environmental impacts to the natural environment is sta 
he environmental impacts to the natural environment is statutorily subject to restrictions of u 
his principle implies exchanges between nature objects, be substituted for them, must meet equi 
d on a range of factors relating to the nature of scientific knowledge, the nature of the excha 
the nature of scientific knowledge, the nature of the exchanged objects, temporalities and scal 
anged objects, temporalities and scales ecosystems concerned, the institutions that define and  
es and scales ecosystems concerned, the institutions that define and control , terms and expect 
ifferent configurations can have strong impacts on the functioning and effectiveness of the dev 
15333 33                            the loss and fragmentation of habitat caused by agriculture, forestr 
          the loss and fragmentation of habitat caused by agriculture, forestry, tourism, or ur 
 and fragmentation of habitat caused by agriculture, forestry, tourism, or urban development al 
ation of habitat caused by agriculture, forestry, tourism, or urban development alter biodivers 
abitat caused by agriculture, forestry, tourism, or urban development alter biodiversity at loc 
d by agriculture, forestry, tourism, or urban development alter biodiversity at local, regional 
griculture, forestry, tourism, or urban development alter biodiversity at local, regional and g 
ry, tourism, or urban development alter biodiversity at local, regional and global scale. due t 
diversity at local, regional and global scale. due to the importance of ants in many ecosystems 
 global scale. due to the importance of ants in many ecosystems, the loss of native ants can ha 
. due to the importance of ants in many ecosystems, the loss of native ants can have important  
 in many ecosystems, the loss of native ants can have important indirect effects. these include 
 loss of native ants can have important indirect effects. these include effects on seed dispers 
irect effects. these include effects on seed dispersal and subsequent recruitment, on pollinati 
ffects on seed dispersal and subsequent recruitment, on pollination, and even on vertebrate fau 
ispersal and subsequent recruitment, on pollination, and even on vertebrate fauna. ants are con 
lination, and even on vertebrate fauna. ants are considered to be a centre of ecological intera 
which reflect the dynamics and state of ecosystems. indeed, they are widely distributed, abunda 
lay an important role in nearly all the ecosystems to evaluate the potential use of ants as bio 
ystems to evaluate the potential use of ants as bioindicadors. the response will be evaluated a 
 of organization including communities, functional groups and individual species. at the same t 
the same time, will be investigated the impacts of the argentine ant on other arthropods and th 
e impacts of the argentine ant on other arthropods and the factors contributing to its spread i 
ll generate information relevant to the development of agri-environmental, forestry, and touris 
 the development of agri-environmental, forestry, and tourism policies, reconciling economic de 
nt of agri-environmental, forestry, and tourism policies, reconciling economic development and  
stry, and tourism policies, reconciling economic development and the conservation of biodiversi 
econciling economic development and the conservation of biodiversity at the local and regional  
mic development and the conservation of biodiversity at the local and regional scale. it also i 
 biodiversity at the local and regional scale. it also intends to obtain a rapid assessment of  
cale. it also intends to obtain a rapid assessment of the impact of pine exploitation on biodiv 
t of the impact of pine exploitation on biodiversity, based on the information offered by ants. 
ty, based on the information offered by ants.  
14604 9 e to climatic change, considering 1 the temperature effect on locomotory behavior and on larval 
 1 the temperature effect on locomotory behavior and on larval development, 2 the resilience of 
ct on locomotory behavior and on larval development, 2 the resilience of anurans after metamorp 
havior and on larval development, 2 the resilience of anurans after metamorphosis to limited wa 
 anurans after metamorphosis to limited water availability and 3 the effect of temperature on s 
 water availability and 3 the effect of temperature on sound communication of adult anurans bet 
will determine whether the influence of temperature changes on the different vital processes ha 
rement of phenotypical plasticity or in adaptation by natural selection. this information will  
bute to the definition of priorities of conservation.  
7120 2             the overall question is how biodiversity mainly apprehended in the nature conservat 
 biodiversity mainly apprehended in the nature conservation policies of line  
10465 13 t members of most temperate terrestrial ecosystems, and include some of the most significant ag 
f the most significant agricultural and forestry pests. it has long been known that nearly all  
rovides essential amino acids and other nutrients that are absent in the aphids rather depauper 
arbour one or more of a series of other bacteria that have a variety of effects on their fitnes 
 fitness and performance. because these bacteria are not present in every aphid they are called 
can, among other things, increase aphid resistance to parasitic wasps and pathogenic fungi, hel 
tance to parasitic wasps and pathogenic fungi, help the aphid withstand heat shock, and influen 
his project seeks to understand how the community of secondary symbionts is structured: what de 
onts is structured: what determines the diversity and population structure of the symbionts, an 
onts, and what affects its evolutionary stability. it consists of three subprojects. the first  
 the first is to develop a mathematical model to synthesise all we know about secondary symbion 
st critical areas for research. no such model exists at the moment, and quantitative approaches 
the structure of the secondary symbiont community and to test hypotheses about how it is struct 
9887 13 t members of most temperate terrestrial ecosystems, and include some of the most significant ag 
f the most significant agricultural and forestry pests. it has long been known that nearly all  
rovides essential amino acids and other nutrients that are absent in the aphids rather depauper 
arbour one or more of a series of other bacteria that have a variety of effects on their fitnes 
 fitness and performance. because these bacteria are not present in every aphid they are called 
can, among other things, increase aphid resistance to parasitic wasps and pathogenic fungi, hel 
tance to parasitic wasps and pathogenic fungi, help the aphid withstand heat shock, and influen 
his project seeks to understand how the community of secondary symbionts is structured: what de 
onts is structured: what determines the diversity and population structure of the symbionts, an 
onts, and what affects its evolutionary stability. it consists of three subprojects. the first  
 the first is to develop a mathematical model to synthesise all we know about secondary symbion 
st critical areas for research. no such model exists at the moment, and quantitative approaches 
the structure of the secondary symbiont community and to test hypotheses about how it is struct 
10922 2 ersistence and dynamics of a multi-host-parasitoid system. specifically, apparent competition i 
rasitoid system. specifically, apparent competition in spatially extended systems will be inves 
15575 65 ince the 1940ies increased agricultural production has modified agricultural landscapes, includ 
ed agricultural production has modified agricultural landscapes, including destruction and frag 
l landscapes, including destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats, reduction in habitat 
ation of natural habitats, reduction in habitat diversity, and increases in habitat disturbance 
 natural habitats, reduction in habitat diversity, and increases in habitat disturbance and agr 
 in habitat diversity, and increases in habitat disturbance and agrochemical application. agric 
tat diversity, and increases in habitat disturbance and agrochemical application. agricultural  
sturbance and agrochemical application. agricultural intensification is considered a major driv 
 is considered a major driver of global biodiversity loss, and has important effects on many ec 
loss, and has important effects on many ecosystem services. much recent research has focused on 
t research has focused on valuating and mapping ecosystem services at various spatial scales, b 
ch has focused on valuating and mapping ecosystem services at various spatial scales, but predi 
tive models that explicitly address how land-use affects ecosystem services mediated by biodive 
explicitly address how land-use affects ecosystem services mediated by biodiversity are rare. b 
 affects ecosystem services mediated by biodiversity are rare. biological pest control is one e 
ed by biodiversity are rare. biological pest control is one ecosystem service threatened by agr 
re rare. biological pest control is one ecosystem service threatened by agricultural intensific 
 is one ecosystem service threatened by agricultural intensification. the diversity and abundan 
ed by agricultural intensification. the diversity and abundance of natural enemies and natural  
ural intensification. the diversity and abundance of natural enemies and natural enemy attack r 
ication. the diversity and abundance of natural enemies and natural enemy attack rates have oft 
 to be lower in landscapes dominated by agriculture. however, such results are not universal an 
little about the mechanisms behind such landscape-pest control relationships. moreover, the rel 
ut the mechanisms behind such landscape-pest control relationships. moreover, the relationship  
 the relationship between natural enemy diversity and biological control is not straightforward 
hip between natural enemy diversity and biological control is not straightforward. even though  
t straightforward. even though a recent meta-analysis showed that increasing enemy diversity us 
a-analysis showed that increasing enemy diversity usually strengthens prey suppression, individ 
 dont know to what extent natural enemy biodiversity can provide insurance against fluctuating  
fluctuating environmental conditions. a food web approach, where the trophic interactions betwe 
ditions. a food web approach, where the trophic interactions between natural enemies, pests and 
 where the trophic interactions between natural enemies, pests and alternative prey are determi 
d to a mechanistic understanding of how land-use and natural enemy diversity affects biological 
nding of how land-use and natural enemy diversity affects biological control. it has been shown 
use and natural enemy diversity affects biological control. it has been shown that the structur 
s been shown that the structure of host-parasitoid food webs can be strongly altered by habitat 
n that the structure of host-parasitoid food webs can be strongly altered by habitat modificati 
id food webs can be strongly altered by habitat modification with important implications for bi 
ication with important implications for biological control. however, to date no study has explo 
as explored the interactions in complex food webs including agricultural pests, predatory and p 
uding agricultural pests, predatory and parasitoid natural enemies and their alternative prey/h 
ultural pests, predatory and parasitoid natural enemies and their alternative prey/hosts as it  
 will explore the relationships between biodiversity, as mediated by agricultural land-use at d 
odiversity, as mediated by agricultural land-use at different scales, and the structure, divers 
at different scales, and the structure, diversity and variability of natural enemy-pest-alterna 
 of natural enemy-pest-alternative prey food web interactions and the value of biological contr 
 food web interactions and the value of biological control. our study system will be cereal aph 
important insect pests in many parts of europe, and the most important groups of natural enemie 
urope, and the most important groups of natural enemies of these aphids as well as their non-pe 
d by our team we will analyse how local land use and landscape composition affects natural enem 
 we will analyse how local land use and landscape composition affects natural enemy community c 
scape composition affects natural enemy community composition and how historic shifts in natura 
fts in natural enemy communities affect biological control. using up-to-date molecular techniqu 
. using up-to-date molecular techniques food web interactions will be empirically examined unde 
ion network analyses to investigate how land-use at different scales affects trophic linking an 
rent scales affects trophic linking and biological control. these data will feed into a model f 
al control. these data will feed into a model for biological control of cereal aphids, and faci 
. these data will feed into a model for biological control of cereal aphids, and facilitate val 
al aphids, and facilitate valuations of biological control through monetary and non-monetary me 
-monetary methods. finally, we will map biological control across landscapes in europe and test 
biological control across landscapes in europe and test how different future land-use scenarios 
in europe and test how different future land-use scenarios of changed agricultural intensity an 
 and test how different future land-use scenarios of changed agricultural intensity and landsca 
s of changed agricultural intensity and landscape structure will influence biological control.  
 and landscape structure will influence biological control.  
10603 12               recently, huge numbers of bacteria kilometres deep in the earth have been discove 
n the earth have been discovered. these bacteria may represent over 50% of all life on earth. b 
 but we know almost nothing about these bacteria as we can only grow a tiny fraction of them in 
ts contain most of these deep biosphere bacteria and here pressures are enormous over 300 times 
e have developed a system which enables bacteria to be consistently grown and studied under hig 
sure coring and handling system so that bacteria are never depressurised which should allow dee 
r depressurised which should allow deep bacteria not previously seen to be studied. we will inv 
o be studied. we will investigate these bacteria to find out what type they are, how they survi 
 are, how they survive in their extreme environment and how they might influence processes in d 
ns of years old and may contain ancient bacteria. they may even be an environment where life on 
n ancient bacteria. they may even be an environment where life on earth might have started. so  
ht have started. so understanding these bacteria will not only tell us about life on earth it m 
10103 18  years as a result of plant collecting, intensification of agriculture and land use changes hav 
of plant collecting, intensification of agriculture and land use changes have placed many speci 
ing, intensification of agriculture and land use changes have placed many species in jeopardy.  
uced in size that their germination and development in nature is dependent upon specialized ass 
at their germination and development in nature is dependent upon specialized associations with  
dent upon specialized associations with fungi in the soil. these fungi infect the germinating s 
cialized associations with fungi in the soil. these fungi infect the germinating seeds and supp 
ociations with fungi in the soil. these fungi infect the germinating seeds and supply the young 
 seeds and supply the young plants with carbon and nutrients. this unique form of nutrition con 
supply the young plants with carbon and nutrients. this unique form of nutrition continues thro 
p green pigments and are parasitic upon fungi. whilst this mode of nutrition has been known for 
ss spectrometer enabling the individual carbon and nitrogen containing compounds to be identifi 
eter enabling the individual carbon and nitrogen containing compounds to be identified and thei 
f the composition and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen-containing compounds can be made in 
sition and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen-containing compounds can be made in the orchid 
gal partner, in adjacent cells in which carbon is stored by the plant and the fungus excluded,  
 in plant vascular tissue through which nutrients and carbon pass up into the shoots.  
ular tissue through which nutrients and carbon pass up into the shoots.  
11558 5 veal an historic link between jellyfish abundance and fish abundance this will be a very useful 
ic link between jellyfish abundance and fish abundance this will be a very useful advance for m 
nk between jellyfish abundance and fish abundance this will be a very useful advance for manage 
dvance for managers seeking to regulate fisheries in an ecosystem context. the project will als 
ers seeking to regulate fisheries in an ecosystem context. the project will also demonstrate to 
12631 9  best and most versatile /bmv datasets; review of local development framework and planning supp 
ersatile /bmv datasets; review of local development framework and planning supporting statement 
view of local development framework and planning supporting statements; and structured telephon 
local authorities with high a degree of development pressures and which have high concentration 
grade alc land located near to existing urban areas. 3. study outputs from these elements of wo 
the past decade, and will summarise how planning authorities have taken account of bmv as a sus 
horities have taken account of bmv as a sustainability indicator when determining planning appl 
aken account of bmv as a sustainability indicator when determining planning applications. the p 
stainability indicator when determining planning applications. the project team will also seek  
7034 19                             terrestrial ecosystem models are designed to assess the flux of ene 
dels are designed to assess the flux of energy, water, carbon and nitrogen corresponding to a g 
 designed to assess the flux of energy, water, carbon and nitrogen corresponding to a given veg 
ed to assess the flux of energy, water, carbon and nitrogen corresponding to a given vegetation 
s the flux of energy, water, carbon and nitrogen corresponding to a given vegetation type. ecos 
n and nitrogen corresponding to a given vegetation type. ecosystem model validations use classi 
rresponding to a given vegetation type. ecosystem model validations use classical statistical m 
g to a given vegetation type. ecosystem model validations use classical statistical methods . o 
s that these five measures indicate the stability status of a given model simulation. if the mo 
ndicate the stability status of a given model simulation. if the model behaves stable then the  
tus of a given model simulation. if the model behaves stable then the accuracy and precision of 
able then the accuracy and precision of model outputs will remain valid. if the model behaves u 
model outputs will remain valid. if the model behaves unstable it may indicate either a reduced 
ed predictability or a reduction in the stability of a real world ecosystem. outputs from this  
uction in the stability of a real world ecosystem. outputs from this research project may have  
implications allowing us to compare the stability of different ecosystem types or the change in 
s to compare the stability of different ecosystem types or the change in the stability accordin 
nt ecosystem types or the change in the stability according to a change in driving forces like  
ding to a change in driving forces like climate change.  
14695 4 he species. first, we will analyze gene diversity in natural populations to evaluate genetic re 
ing system of hippocampus guttulatus in nature and culture will be studied to check the monogam 
 in this genus, as well as the temporal stability, a basic subject for the development and futu 
oral stability, a basic subject for the development and future improvement of culture of this s 
6744 5 and enology has been dealing with grape resistance breading effectivelly for a half century. br 
tivelly for a half century. breading of fungi-resistance, marketable grape species are importan 
y for a half century. breading of fungi-resistance, marketable grape species are important not  
 the number of plants in the multi-year evaluation. during traditional hibridization, after the 
hybrid-families by back-crossing of the resistance and sensitive grape species. in such case, i 
15219 8                                    many marine invertebrates present complex life cycles compri 
                            many marine invertebrates present complex life cycles comprising se 
xcepting a few species that show direct development, pass through a planktonic larval period wi 
p in the knowledge of brachyuran larval taxonomy is in turn responsible by an important amount  
ncountered by researchers when studying population dynamics, recruitment events, larval dispers 
hers when studying population dynamics, recruitment events, larval dispersal and colonization,  
on dynamics, recruitment events, larval dispersal and colonization, functioning of planktonic t 
ecruitment events, larval dispersal and colonization, functioning of planktonic trophic webs an 
14663 9                evergreen species of the mediterranean forest are subjected to stress periods wi 
 evergreen species of the mediterranean forest are subjected to stress periods with high irradi 
e mediterranean forest are subjected to stress periods with high irradiance combined with droug 
iods with high irradiance combined with drought or low temperatures. the imbalance between ligh 
mperatures. the imbalance between light energy absorption and its use in photosynthesis leads t 
 light energy absorption and its use in photosynthesis leads to the formation of reactive oxyge 
esis leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species correlation of biochemical quantificatio 
ed by using the obtained data base in a forest study to compare antioxidant systems in winter a 
m-oak regeneration by resprouting after fire.  
14203 6  index on formation of fi values in the sediment pore water dom of a large shallow lake; respec 
ation of fi values in the sediment pore water dom of a large shallow lake; respective horizonta 
spective horizontal variation and small-scale variation in surface sediments will be estimated. 
d claiming that the changes of the pore water fi values in the vertical sediment profiles of a  
he pore water fi values in the vertical sediment profiles of a large shallow lake with comparat 
e changes in the autochtonous microbial production rather than changes in the catchment process 
10821 1 in to understand better the patterns of environmental change in a major mountain belt.  
10862 1  practical scientific knowledge to real marine environmental problems. this grant supports 3 fu 
11022 9          although the era following the extinction of the dinosaurs is often referred to as the 
he part that mammals played in mesozoic ecosystems is sketchy. exceptionally though, the fissur 
y will reveal new information about the ecology and evolution of these mammalian ancestors, usi 
l new information about the ecology and evolution of these mammalian ancestors, using a rigorou 
ncestors, using a rigorously quantified modelling approach. we know a lot about certain aspects 
nd indicates a mammalian physiology and growth pattern. palaeontologists are using many new tec 
ted. the analysis calculates strain and stress within the structure in response to these loadin 
the basis of an accurate finite element model. tiny early mammals are assumed to be insectivore 
n priority of the two joints during the growth of an individual. is there some indication for t 
12490 51  uk the major source of ammonia is from agriculture, which contributes about 80% of uk emission 
sions to the atmosphere, primarily from livestock, manure/slurry management and fertiliser use. 
primarily from livestock, manure/slurry management and fertiliser use. ammonia can have a range 
iliser use. ammonia can have a range of impacts on the environment and human health, including  
onia can have a range of impacts on the environment and human health, including : - effects on  
tions near point sources; - decrease of species diversity of semi-natural areas due to nitrogen 
 diversity of semi-natural areas due to nitrogen enrichment through atmospheric nirogen deposit 
mmonia and ammonium; - acidification of soils through transformation of deposited ammonia to ni 
 transformation of deposited ammonia to nitrate and its subsequent leaching; - pollution of gro 
 nitrate and its subsequent leaching; - pollution of ground water and drinking water due to nit 
sequent leaching; - pollution of ground water and drinking water due to nitrate leaching; - eut 
 pollution of ground water and drinking water due to nitrate leaching; - eutrophication of surf 
 ground water and drinking water due to nitrate leaching; - eutrophication of surface waters du 
inking water due to nitrate leaching; - eutrophication of surface waters due to nitrogen enrich 
eutrophication of surface waters due to nitrogen enrichment; - global warming due to emission o 
ce waters due to nitrogen enrichment; - global warming due to emission of nitrous oxide and met 
ng due to emission of nitrous oxide and methane, and cooling due to ammonium sulphate aerosols; 
ammonium sulphate aerosols; air quality management for ecosystem protection has primarily focus 
te aerosols; air quality management for ecosystem protection has primarily focussed to date on  
 critical loads to define environmental thresholds above which adverse effects may occur. howev 
ects may occur. however, the effects on ecosystem services of exceedance of these thresholds ha 
osystem services of exceedance of these thresholds have not been fully evaluated. furthermore,  
 been fully evaluated. furthermore, the nature of ammonia emissions and their diffuse sources m 
ticularly challenging, and means that a policy approach which considers these ecosystem impacts 
a policy approach which considers these ecosystem impacts in isolation is not viable. the addit 
pproach which considers these ecosystem impacts in isolation is not viable. the additional comp 
isolation is not viable. the additional complexity arises from the way nitrogen derived from am 
ditional complexity arises from the way nitrogen derived from ammonia emissions ‘cascades’ thro 
mmonia emissions ‘cascades’ through the environment undergoing transformations that create pote 
tial for interactions between losses of nitrogen compounds to air and water from terrestrial sy 
losses of nitrogen compounds to air and water from terrestrial systems - so called pollution sw 
er from terrestrial systems - so called pollution swapping. for example, techniques to reduce a 
es to reduce ammonia emissions from the soil to air could potentially lead to the nitrogen emer 
il to air could potentially lead to the nitrogen emerging as nitrates in water courses to the d 
to the nitrogen emerging as nitrates in water courses to the detriment of the aquatic environme 
courses to the detriment of the aquatic environment or to nitrous oxide emissions that contribu 
rous oxide emissions that contribute to climate change. in the uk to date, most effort has been 
ng abatement strategies at the national scale. the gothenburg protocol of the united nations ec 
 united nations economic commission for europe and the eu national emissions ceilings directive 
irective insight into the true costs of policy measures. this project will compare the ecosyste 
measures. this project will compare the ecosystems approach with current conventional air quali 
h with current conventional air quality management approaches to determine which assesses ecosy 
 approaches to determine which assesses ecosystem services more comprehensively in terms of imp 
rvices more comprehensively in terms of impacts, value of ecosytem services and links to human  
value of ecosytem services and links to human well-being. this will acheived by comparing three 
nvolve different types of potential for pollution swapping. the project will also identify pote 
eir causes, to the implementation of an ecosystems approach for air quality policy development  
 an ecosystems approach for air quality policy development at national level in the uk. a stake 
systems approach for air quality policy development at national level in the uk. a stakeholder  
to the barriers, and to identify how an ecosystems approach could be implemented within current 
e implemented within current and future policy frameworks.  
12516 20  assess alternative methods of pest and disease management in organic and low input apple orcha 
alternative methods of pest and disease management in organic and low input apple orchards. an  
an ecological approach to orchard floor vegetation management will determine if this can lead t 
al approach to orchard floor vegetation management will determine if this can lead to reduction 
pheromone should lead to new methods of monitoring and controlling this important pest. new ins 
d increase the potential for successful management of this disease. finally a review of the eff 
ntial for successful management of this disease. finally a review of the effects of calcium on  
l management of this disease. finally a review of the effects of calcium on fruit rotting in st 
y areas for future research. generalist predators will attack a range of prey species. many spe 
 range of prey species. many species of predators/parasitoids occur naturally in crops and surr 
prey species. many species of predators/parasitoids occur naturally in crops and surrounding ve 
ccur naturally in crops and surrounding vegetation, but they may colonise and remain in crops o 
 to high pest numbers. manipulation and management of the ground cover plants within the crop t 
s within the crop to provide attractive vegetation both in terms of refuges and alternative foo 
 food sources is likely to increase the abundance of beneficials in the cropping area, leading  
st to improve fruit quality, reduce the risk of physiological disorders and prolong storage lif 
 fruit quality and indirectly increases resistance to fungal rots. more recent research in trop 
s, reducing spore germination, mycelial growth and sporulation and possibly also on the host, i 
and possibly also on the host, inducing resistance to the pathogen. thus calcium, if effective, 
egrated into strategies for sustainable management and control of rotting in fruit crops will b 
12046 5                               examining biodiversity in the ocean. the microscopic plants and a 
als of the plankton are the base of the marine food chain. among planktonic microbes, there see 
single-celled organisms, are typical as species richness is high and each species appears to be 
xists in the plankton to understand how marine food chains work and the effects of global chang 
ine food chains work and the effects of global change. we examined basic questions concerning p 
12057 11  role in shaping and/or controlling the diversity and diversification of their procaryotic host 
. however, comprehensive studies at the community level are still missing. the following object 
 of viruses on prokaryotic dynamics and diversity; 2/ assessing whether aquatic phage diversity 
ity; 2/ assessing whether aquatic phage diversity is due to lytic or temperate phages; 3/ asses 
 assessing transduction, host range and resistance processes in communities; 4/ refining the ki 
nities; 4/ refining the kill the winner model on the influence of viruses on prokaryotic divers 
the influence of viruses on prokaryotic diversity; 5/ performing in situ studies on the co-vari 
s on the co-variation of phage and host diversity to test the model. the findings will be compa 
of phage and host diversity to test the model. the findings will be compared between different  
types of aquatic environments to assess diversity productivity relationships.  
quatic environments to assess diversity productivity relationships.  
11045 8                       the regulation of water transport is fundamental to the survival of all f 
al of aquatic organisms in many diverse freshwater . these chemicals are extremely long-lived i 
emicals are extremely long-lived in the environment and are know to be accumulating within diff 
on the hormonal regulation of aquaporin function in the european eel as it is possible that del 
erious effects of these toxins on these water transporters may compromise the successful migrat 
nsporters may compromise the successful migration of fish from fw to sw environments and/or red 
 compromise the successful migration of fish from fw to sw environments and/or reduce the repro 
or reduce the reproductive fecundity of fish returning to the sargasso sea.  
11057 8                       the regulation of water transport is fundamental to the survival of all f 
al of aquatic organisms in many diverse freshwater . these chemicals are extremely long-lived i 
emicals are extremely long-lived in the environment and are know to be accumulating within diff 
on the hormonal regulation of aquaporin function in the european eel as it is possible that del 
erious effects of these toxins on these water transporters may compromise the successful migrat 
nsporters may compromise the successful migration of fish from fw to sw environments and/or red 
 compromise the successful migration of fish from fw to sw environments and/or reduce the repro 
or reduce the reproductive fecundity of fish returning to the sargasso s  
14892 16                                         macroecology is a relatively new contemporary field in  
 a relatively new contemporary field in ecology that analyses large-scale patterns and processe 
ry field in ecology that analyses large-scale patterns and processes of ecological particles .  
s factors implied in observed patterns. community and population level patterns will be related 
taxonomical level in order to assess if community-population richness relationships are coincid 
order to assess if community-population richness relationships are coincident across taxonomica 
nd non-neutral processes contributed to community and population richness in each region by ana 
contributed to community and population richness in each region by analysing the relationship b 
n by analysing the relationship between community and population richness and abundance, site o 
onship between community and population richness and abundance, site occupancy, niche breadth,  
n community and population richness and abundance, site occupancy, niche breadth, spatio-tempor 
cupancy, niche breadth, spatio-temporal connectivity, and dispersion capabilities. thus, we wil 
s, we will bring population genetics to community genetics and how it is linked to patterns of  
ics and how it is linked to patterns of community composition generally. with the accomplishmen 
e will have a complete understanding of biodiversity patterns of aquatic insects in a large lat 
ing of biodiversity patterns of aquatic insects in a large latitudinal gradient with regions di 
7254 2  of this project is to characterize the diversity and distribution of microorganisms  
ct is to characterize the diversity and distribution of microorganisms  
10238 8                                         marine biogeochemical cycles are driven by microbes. it 
 how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi 
y. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now possible to investigate 
d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua 
pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t 
 use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
vironments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to develop microarrays that will b 
10697 8                                         marine biogeochemical cycles are driven by microbes. it 
 how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi 
y. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now possible to investigate 
d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua 
pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t 
 use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
vironments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to develop microarrays that will b 
11252 8                                         marine biogeochemical cycles are driven by microbes. it 
 how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi 
y. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now possible to investigate 
d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua 
pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t 
 use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
vironments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to develop microarrays that will b 
11262 8                                         marine biogeochemical cycles are driven by microbes. it 
 how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi 
y. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now possible to investigate 
d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua 
pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t 
 use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
vironments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to develop microarrays that will b 
11793 8                                         marine biogeochemical cycles are driven by microbes. it 
 how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi 
y. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now possible to investigate 
d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua 
pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t 
 use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
vironments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to develop microarrays that will b 
11800 8                                         marine biogeochemical cycles are driven by microbes. it 
 how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi 
y. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now possible to investigate 
d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua 
pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t 
 use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
vironments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to develop microarrays that will b 
11803 8                                         marine biogeochemical cycles are driven by microbes. it 
 how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi 
y. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now possible to investigate 
d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua 
pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t 
 use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
vironments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to develop microarrays that will b 
9971 8                                         marine biogeochemical cycles are driven by microbes. it 
 how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi 
y. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now possible to investigate 
d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua 
pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t 
 use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
vironments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to develop microarrays that will b 
9977 8                                         marine biogeochemical cycles are driven by microbes. it 
 how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi 
y. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now possible to investigate 
d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua 
pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t 
 use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
vironments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to develop microarrays that will b 
9986 8                                         marine biogeochemical cycles are driven by microbes. it 
 how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi 
y. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now possible to investigate 
d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua 
pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t 
 use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
vironments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to develop microarrays that will b 
9988 8                                         marine biogeochemical cycles are driven by microbes. it 
 how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi 
y. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now possible to investigate 
d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua 
pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t 
 use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve 
tify the microbes involved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiv 
vironments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to develop microarrays that will b 
12247 7 cent of our land is farmed and farmland biodiversity has declined significantly as a consequenc 
lined significantly as a consequence of agricultural intensification over the last 40 years. bi 
intensification over the last 40 years. biodiversity is now acknowledged as an essential compon 
knowledged as an essential component of sustainable development helping farmers to become net p 
become net positive contributors to the environment and reduce the environmental footprint of f 
uce the environmental footprint of food production substantially. this has clear significance f 
clear significance for sustainable food production and security.  
207 8                                     the diversity and composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal on  
omposition of arbuscular mycorrhizal on forest am fungal communities. we aim to conduct the fir 
e aim to conduct the first study of the diversity and composition of am fungal communities in h 
munities in herb rich boreal coniferous forests with the help of molecular methods; to compare  
ds; to compare am fungal communities in forest ecosystsems under different forest management pr 
s in forest ecosystsems under different forest management pressure; to study experimentally the 
dy experimentally the impact of natural forest am fungal communities on the morphological and f 
phological and functional parameters of forest understory plant species.  
14108 2                                         arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi whole dna extraction from  
nderstand the temporal component of amf diversity dynamics.  
11863 7 e of information concerning prehistoric agriculture. sometimes these plant remains contain pres 
, or were present in stores that caught fire. charred grains of wheat and barley are often foun 
 tell us a great deal about prehistoric agriculture, especially in europe. for example, we know 
 prehistoric agriculture, especially in europe. for example, we know that barley is nowadays ad 
dapted to the cold climates of northern europe, but we do not know if the genetic changes that  
e genetic changes that resulted in this adaptation occurred as the crops were being moved to th 
y varieties that were grown in northern europe. there might, however, be a solution to the prob 
7035 28                                         streams and rivers have long been considered as pipelin 
                            streams and rivers have long been considered as pipelines in the la 
ong been considered as pipelines in the landscape that transport organic carbon from the contin 
in the landscape that transport organic carbon from the continents to the oceans. recent studie 
y changed this perception, showing that streams, rivers and estuaries emit significant amounts  
 this perception, showing that streams, rivers and estuaries emit significant amounts of co2 to 
ption, showing that streams, rivers and estuaries emit significant amounts of co2 to the atmosp 
he net heterotrophy — the dependence of ecosystem metabolism on terrestrial organic carbon — in 
ystem metabolism on terrestrial organic carbon — in streams and rivers. obviously, these observ 
lism on terrestrial organic carbon — in streams and rivers. obviously, these observations raise 
estrial organic carbon — in streams and rivers. obviously, these observations raise the questio 
ons raise the question: how can organic carbon that was initially stored in soils over extended 
nic carbon that was initially stored in soils over extended periods become oxidized in streams  
ver extended periods become oxidized in streams and rivers despite the relatively short residen 
 periods become oxidized in streams and rivers despite the relatively short residence time in t 
elatively short residence time in these ecosystems. this project will answer this essential que 
pended aggregates, are major drivers of carbon cycling in streams and large rivers. first, we w 
 are major drivers of carbon cycling in streams and large rivers. first, we will study the arch 
 of carbon cycling in streams and large rivers. first, we will study the architecture and compo 
ll identify populations involved in the metabolism of key organic compounds of terrestrial orig 
d photooxidation by uv-radiation on the degradation of putatively recalcitrant compounds. new u 
pproach, will then study whole-ecosytem metabolism in and co2 outgassing from various ecosystem 
lism in and co2 outgassing from various ecosystems in alpine, tropical and arctic networks. the 
pine, tropical and arctic networks. the carbon cycle in these biomes is predicted to be particu 
s predicted to be particularly prone to global warming. this ecosystem-level information, coupl 
ticularly prone to global warming. this ecosystem-level information, coupled with our mechanist 
tion, coupled with our mechanistic fine-scale understanding of processes, will serve to test fl 
formance to oxidize terrestrial organic carbon.  
10518 19 n, where the northern extension of gulf stream system conveys warm atlantic water into the arct 
ulf stream system conveys warm atlantic water into the arctic ocean, hundreds of plumes of bubb 
ocean, hundreds of plumes of bubbles of methane gas were discovered in 2008, rising from the se 
se to that of the landward limit of the methane hydrate stability zone. methane hydrate is a so 
e landward limit of the methane hydrate stability zone. methane hydrate is a solid with the app 
 of the methane hydrate stability zone. methane hydrate is a solid with the appearance of ice,  
id with the appearance of ice, in which water forms a cage-like structure enclosing molecules o 
e-like structure enclosing molecules of methane. methane hydrate is stable under conditions of  
ructure enclosing molecules of methane. methane hydrate is stable under conditions of low tempe 
drate is stable under conditions of low temperature and high pressure such as those found in re 
ons of permafrost or under the ocean in water deeper than 300-600 metres, depending on the wate 
r than 300-600 metres, depending on the water temperature. over the past thirty years, the ocea 
 300-600 metres, depending on the water temperature. over the past thirty years, the ocean s te 
over the past thirty years, the ocean s temperature at the seabed has increased by 1 degree c,  
at hydrate has broken down and released methane, which has migrated to the seabed and into the  
ean. at present, the rate of release of methane is generally too slow to overcome dissolution a 
sewhere, could release large amounts of methane over a short period of time. the strength of su 
ys and to quantify the amount of gas. a marine research expedition will use a deep-towed, very  
ution seismic system to image the small-scale structures that convey gas to the seabed and to d 
11727 2 l fesem and sem, tem, removal of modern bacteria and simple incubation experiments with bacteri 
wider implications for the detection of bacteria in the history of life on earth and other plan 
10183 7                                     the ecology of most of the marine bacterioplankton is unkno 
             the ecology of most of the marine bacterioplankton is unknown. the study of obliga 
 determine if bacterioplankton comprise bacteria that form important endocellular symbiotic rel 
nce planktonic organisms are central to marine foodwebs, the global carbon cycle and represent  
 central to marine foodwebs, the global carbon cycle and represent a key life-stage of many ben 
nkton will have a profound influence on marine ecology.  
ill have a profound influence on marine ecology.  
11453 4 ycorrhizal rather than rhizoctonia-type fungi and that the symbionts of these helleborine orchi 
istance from putative co-hosts of these fungi enabling chronological analysis of germination an 
al analysis of germination and seedling development. symbionts will be identified by molecular  
ination requirements will contribute to conservation strategies for nationally rare species.  
11663 8  of emerging pathogens and parasites of wildlife and livestock. ascertaining if an emergent inf 
pathogens and parasites of wildlife and livestock. ascertaining if an emergent infectious disea 
 ascertaining if an emergent infectious disease is spreading and if that spread is mediated by  
s a fundamental component of infectious disease risk assessment, indentified as a deliverable i 
amental component of infectious disease risk assessment, indentified as a deliverable in nerc s 
007-2012 strategy. theory suggests that dispersal mediated by human activities can proceed in a 
 contemporary record of the spread of a wildlife disease through british common frog population 
rary record of the spread of a wildlife disease through british common frog populations. the fr 
11785 19 icit exists in our general knowledge of species diversity, but also, there is an extreme negati 
reme negative correlation between taxon body size and the number of species described. current  
scribed, other important groups such as nematodes have been neglected. nematodes are the most a 
 such as nematodes have been neglected. nematodes are the most abundant multicellular organisms 
e found in all habitats, but notably in marine sediments where they can make up between 50-90%  
ween 50-90% of the multicellular fauna. nematodes are ecologically important in marine sediment 
nematodes are ecologically important in marine sediment ecosystem processes and comprise the ma 
es are ecologically important in marine sediment ecosystem processes and comprise the majority  
ologically important in marine sediment ecosystem processes and comprise the majority of the pr 
sms rely. despite their pivotal role in ecosystem functioning, a current estimate of global nem 
, a current estimate of global nematode diversity diversity present at different spatial scales 
t estimate of global nematode diversity diversity present at different spatial scales throughou 
s throughout littoral communities of uk nematodes and extrapolate this information to estimates 
ion to estimates of regional and global species richness. the utilization of mps to quantify ne 
n of mps to quantify nematode molecular biodiversity would represent a major advance towards id 
ial biological component of the earth s ecosystems. furthermore, the project will serve as a te 
 the use of mps in assessing the extant biodiversity in any meoi- or microfaunal or floral samp 
or hypothesis pertaining to the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning.  
rtaining to the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning.  
11636 30                                         soil contains a complex and highly diverse community of 
l contains a complex and highly diverse community of microorganisms. these microorganisms are r 
. these microorganisms are required for soil formation and for the many biologically-mediated,  
and for the many biologically-mediated, nutrient cycling processes that take place within soil. 
ycling processes that take place within soil. these processes are essential for maintenance of  
cesses are essential for maintenance of soil structure and for cycling of nutrients for plant g 
ce of soil structure and for cycling of nutrients for plant growth. the majority of soil microo 
 and for cycling of nutrients for plant growth. the majority of soil microorganisms cannot be r 
ients for plant growth. the majority of soil microorganisms cannot be readily cultivated in the 
chniques have been used to characterise soil microbial communities. typically, molecular analys 
lecular analysis involves extraction of soil dna or rna and amplification of genes that provide 
etic analysis to determine identity and diversity of the community. molecular analysis has reve 
determine identity and diversity of the community. molecular analysis has revealed the existenc 
 revealed the existence of considerable microbial diversity in soil and the existence of many g 
 of considerable microbial diversity in soil and the existence of many groups with no cultivate 
ted with extreme environments, e.g. low ph, high temperature. non-thermophilic crenarachaeota a 
extreme environments, e.g. low ph, high temperature. non-thermophilic crenarachaeota are abunda 
re abundant and ubiquitous in temperate soils but, because none has ever been cultivated, we ha 
not possible to determine their role in soil processes or their ecosystem function. two recent  
e their role in soil processes or their ecosystem function. two recent studies involving sequen 
quencing of large fragments of dna from soil and marine environments indicate a possible functi 
of large fragments of dna from soil and marine environments indicate a possible function for th 
marine environments indicate a possible function for these organisms. 16s rrna genes of non-the 
nucleic acids will then be separated by density gradient centrifugation. the different nucleic  
ounds. in addition, mrna extracted from soil will be analysed to determine whether the crenarch 
ed and not expressed in the presence of nitrification inhibitors. the project therefore will th 
roorganisms contributes to an important soil ecosystem process, soil nitrification.  
anisms contributes to an important soil ecosystem process, soil nitrification.  
to an important soil ecosystem process, soil nitrification.  
 important soil ecosystem process, soil nitrification.  
10070 18                         ectomycorrhizal fungi are essential symbiotic partners of the vast majo 
e vast majority of temperate trees; the fungi play a critical role in plant nutrition by exchan 
n plant nutrition by exchanging mineral nutrients captured from the soil for access to plant or 
ing mineral nutrients captured from the soil for access to plant organic carbon. however, we kn 
om the soil for access to plant organic carbon. however, we know surprisingly little about how  
how the availability of ectomycorrhizal fungi affects the establishment of tree seedlings in na 
ral environments. heathlands are unique ecosystems that are threatened worldwide by ectomycorrh 
tened worldwide by ectomycorrhizal tree invasion. the trees shade out native heath shrubs and e 
hlands are a cherished component of the landscape and they are high-profile habitats for biodiv 
 and they are high-profile habitats for biodiversity and conservation. lowland heathlands have  
h-profile habitats for biodiversity and conservation. lowland heathlands have experienced the m 
 century, largely due to birch and pine invasion, both of which are obligately ectomycorrhizal  
 and laboratory approach to uncover the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi in lowland heaths 
ver the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi in lowland heaths and unravel the initial symbiot 
ment. we will rely heavily on molecular ecology approaches because ectomycorrhizal fungi are hi 
logy approaches because ectomycorrhizal fungi are highly diverse and largely cryptic organisms; 
to the study of british ectomycorrhizal fungi. our results will be broadly relevant because the 
imed at addressing ectomycorrhizal tree invasion of heathlands.  
10429 6                                tropical ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases .  
cal ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly a 
ine the relative contribution of andean ecosystems to the ch4 and n2o budgets for south america 
n ch4 and n2o fluxes from upland andean ecosystems will also help us evaluate whether other tro 
ric budgets of ch4 and n2o. lastly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that  
h4 and n2o. lastly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simul 
10967 6                                tropical ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases .  
cal ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly a 
ine the relative contribution of andean ecosystems to the ch4 and n2o budgets for south america 
n ch4 and n2o fluxes from upland andean ecosystems will also help us evaluate whether other tro 
ric budgets of ch4 and n2o. lastly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that  
h4 and n2o. lastly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simul 
11699 6                                tropical ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases .  
cal ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly a 
ine the relative contribution of andean ecosystems to the ch4 and n2o budgets for south america 
n ch4 and n2o fluxes from upland andean ecosystems will also help us evaluate whether other tro 
ric budgets of ch4 and n2o. lastly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that  
h4 and n2o. lastly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simul 
11362 1 ociated biofilm, release a cue into the water column that primes the cyprids for settlement. th 
14952 6                                         biological invasions have become so widespread to const 
e a significant component of the global environmental change and are viewed as one of the most  
ost important determinants of change in biodiversity at a global scale, usually with harmful ec 
s of change in biodiversity at a global scale, usually with harmful ecological and economic eff 
armful ecological and economic effects. ants, by being ever-present and by their huge number, h 
using information on different types of soil use, recent fires and land-uses, models for the ex 
14540 8                                     the development of former research projects dealing with id 
ginal from america, which behaves as an invasive species, outcompeting the autochthonous artemi 
ous artemia strains from their original ecosystems. facing these prospects, the present project 
il the following objects: to update the distribution of saline ecosystems inhabited by autochth 
s: to update the distribution of saline ecosystems inhabited by autochthonous artemia strains i 
hthonous artemia strains in the western mediterranean, and to unveil as broadly as possible the 
 as possible the presence of the exotic invasive species. the research on life span for specime 
system, should show which are the major traits of this competitive mechanism and its consequenc 
14638 2                                     the development of former research projects dealing with id 
ne shrimp populations studied and their biodiversity.these results shall allow to improve the i 
7151 13           f. excelsior is classified by forest as valuable hardwood and has a high economic val 
est as valuable hardwood and has a high economic value because of its rapid growth, the light c 
igh economic value because of its rapid growth, the light color and excellent mechanical proper 
us excelsior, indigenous, have separate distribution areas but are actually sympatric in some r 
en the two species is a big problem for forest managers keen to maintain a consistent quality a 
 a business perspective. the reality of climate change, notably that of the increase in the ave 
bly that of the increase in the average temperature at the earth's surface will change the dist 
 at the earth's surface will change the distribution of species and some will migrate to higher 
 he ash oxyphylle its northern limit of distribution is currently located in loire valley and s 
this prediction is a real threat to the forest industry that harvests preferentially in the nor 
oncern us are related to the process of colonization, local adaptation, mating system and gene  
d to the process of colonization, local adaptation, mating system and gene flow measurements in 
better understand the dynamics of post- colonization of pioneer species that necessarily will h 
13875 13 rosa rugosa from ne asia is an invasive exotic species in n europe and ne north america. it con 
asia is an invasive exotic species in n europe and ne north america. it constitutes a major con 
ica. it constitutes a major concern for nature conservation along the coasts of the north sea a 
re conservation along the coasts of the north sea and the baltic. why did rosa rugosa become in 
o kinds of causes may be distinguished, evolution and ecology. a genetic change may have taken  
ses may be distinguished, evolution and ecology. a genetic change may have taken place in the e 
y altered selective pressure in the new environment or by introgression from native or cultivat 
ly, r. rugosa may have escaped from its natural enemies , which limit population growth and pla 
atural enemies , which limit population growth and plant vigour in its native range. circumstan 
ar species, and the introduction of new invasive species. the project will test for quantittive 
 release hypothesis by reducing general herbivory and disease under field conditions with compe 
hesis by reducing general herbivory and disease under field conditions with competitive neighbo 
ive and exotic ranges. in addition, the population dynamics will be studied in order to identif 
14583 6 of this project is to assay a method of restoration of vegetal benthic marine communities. conc 
ethod of restoration of vegetal benthic marine communities. concretely, we propose a method of  
ies. concretely, we propose a method of restoration of the main vegetal species that inhabits t 
roject are a to speed up the process of restoration of this community in the places where due t 
d up the process of restoration of this community in the places where due to the human activiti 
 as a consequence, to solve the lose of biodiversity caused by human activities.  
12590 18                                         policy-makers across defra and other government departm 
 a key requirement for reliable data on soil carbon on which evidence-based policy decisions ca 
 on soil carbon on which evidence-based policy decisions can be made. recent evidence suggests  
 be made. recent evidence suggests that carbon is being lost from soils in england and wales, b 
suggests that carbon is being lost from soils in england and wales, but the cause of this loss  
clear. therefore, it is likely that the impacts of any specific mitigation measures cannot curr 
likely that the impacts of any specific mitigation measures cannot currently be quantified. it  
 the belief of both policymakers and uk soil scientists that sufficient information already exi 
m a broad representative base of the uk soil community, was convened, through the auspices of p 
road representative base of the uk soil community, was convened, through the auspices of previo 
nderstanding of the effects of land/use management on processes driving the spatial and tempora 
 the spatial and temporal properties of carbon in soils. • using the decision tool to define th 
al and temporal properties of carbon in soils. • using the decision tool to define the ‘rules/i 
to define the ‘rules/inputs’ in running soil c flux models to deliver uk-wide estimates of soil 
 models to deliver uk-wide estimates of soil c flux for several established land use and manage 
 of soil c flux for several established land use and management scenarios, within specified lev 
ux for several established land use and management scenarios, within specified levels of confid 
ral established land use and management scenarios, within specified levels of confidence. the o 
14480 4 nces on the individual, population, and community, of a supplementary feeding program as a way  
pplementary feeding program as a way to recovery the populations of iberian lynx . according to 
 . according to previous information on intraguild predation and mesopredator release, it could 
protocols of actuation specific to each conservation goal aimed.  
10163 18                                         coral reefs are under threat worldwide from a combinati 
gion-wide shift from coral-dominated to algae-dominated reefs. these habitat changes, combined  
minated to algae-dominated reefs. these habitat changes, combined with fishing pressure, are ex 
s. these habitat changes, combined with fishing pressure, are expected to have had a considerab 
 have had a considerable impact on reef fish communities. the aim of this project is to compile 
hed and unpublished information on reef fish abundance across the caribbean. using the same ana 
nd unpublished information on reef fish abundance across the caribbean. using the same analytic 
ish the long-term patterns of change in abundance of reef fish and relate these to changes in h 
patterns of change in abundance of reef fish and relate these to changes in habitat and fishing 
eef fish and relate these to changes in habitat and fishing pressure. in addition, the role of  
 relate these to changes in habitat and fishing pressure. in addition, the role of marine prote 
hing pressure. in addition, the role of marine protected areas in altering the patterns of chan 
s in altering the patterns of change in fish abundance, particularly for those species that are 
altering the patterns of change in fish abundance, particularly for those species that are not  
those species that are not exploited by fisheries, will be examined. this study will yield a un 
ries, will be examined. this study will yield a unique picture of the large-scale ecological ch 
ill yield a unique picture of the large-scale ecological changes that have occurred on caribbea 
changes that have occurred on caribbean coral reefs over the past 30 years.  
10190 3      in unicellular microbes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and 
 growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be discriminated usi 
hus fitness, may be discriminated using competition analysis in chemostat culture. molecularly  
10998 3      in unicellular microbes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and 
 growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be discriminated usi 
hus fitness, may be discriminated using competition analysis in chemostat culture. molecularly  
12342 9  quota and bycatch regulations in skate fisheries, or fisheries that take skate as bycatch, hav 
atch regulations in skate fisheries, or fisheries that take skate as bycatch, have increased th 
nefits of improved estimates of discard mortality will be to reduce the risk that unsustainable 
discard mortality will be to reduce the risk that unsustainable fishing practices or quotas wil 
e to reduce the risk that unsustainable fishing practices or quotas will damage stock health an 
ntial. in addition, it will benefit the development of any proposed recovery plans for threaten 
benefit the development of any proposed recovery plans for threatened stocks. furthermore, the  
ght where improvements could be made to fishing practices to reduce discard mortality, but with 
 to fishing practices to reduce discard mortality, but without requiring punitive quotas or ove 
12291 39 assesses the risks posed to sustainable management of agricultural weeds by i proposed changes  
 sustainable management of agricultural weeds by i proposed changes to eu pesticide legislation 
tural weeds by i proposed changes to eu pesticide legislation which will result in the loss of  
creased invasions of novel agricultural weeds as a result of climate and other environmental ch 
novel agricultural weeds as a result of climate and other environmental change. in the last 30  
 weeds as a result of climate and other environmental change. in the last 30 years, agricultura 
proximately 15% of currently registered pesticides. at the same time as herbicide regulations a 
re is increasing incidence of herbicide resistance in weeds. herbicide resistance evolves in we 
ng incidence of herbicide resistance in weeds. herbicide resistance evolves in weed species fol 
erbicide resistance in weeds. herbicide resistance evolves in weed species following frequent e 
 single herbicide mode of action. where resistance is already prevalent in weed populations, it 
s of action. where farmers are fighting resistance with judicious rotation of many herbicide mo 
osal. given these concerns, future weed management strategies will need to integrate a larger n 
order to deliver sustainable control of weeds. a key objective of this research is to develop a 
 this research is to develop a computer model that will predict the impacts of changes in herbi 
 a computer model that will predict the impacts of changes in herbicide availability on the con 
erbicide availability on the control of weeds in uk arable cropping rotations. as it will not b 
it will not be possible to consider all weeds, we have chosen to focus on blackgrass, the most  
e most severe, widespread and herbicide-resistance prone weed species in the uk. once the model 
 prone weed species in the uk. once the model has been used to demonstrate the impacts of chang 
 model has been used to demonstrate the impacts of changing pesticide legislation, a series of  
 to demonstrate the impacts of changing pesticide legislation, a series of analyses will be per 
 will be performed to consider how weed management can change in the future to compensate for h 
erbicide losses and to make future weed management more sustainable, environmentally benign and 
nvironmentally benign and less prone to development of herbicide resistance. a key element of t 
 less prone to development of herbicide resistance. a key element of these changes will be to i 
d biological weed control options. this modelling-based project will help defra to quantify the 
 impact of changing legislation on weed management. by providing an indication of what alternat 
 an indication of what alternative weed management strategies are likely to be required in futu 
will help to direct future defra-funded weeds research. in particular, the development of alter 
nded weeds research. in particular, the development of alternative weed control strategies will 
rch to better understand the biology of weeds, so that this knowledge can be used to inform the 
ect will consider the potential for new weeds to invade and spread in the uk. there is increasi 
 there is increasing evidence that some weeds that are serious agricultural problems in their n 
n their native and introduced ranges in europe and north america are increasing their incidence 
rica are increasing their incidence and distribution in the uk. the project will examine the ev 
r how this spread may be exacerbated by climate and environmental change. recommendations will  
pread may be exacerbated by climate and environmental change. recommendations will be made for  
o quantify and mitigate future risks of invasion.  
10840 6                                         eutrophication is at present affecting global freshwate 
 global freshwaters on an unprecedented scale. a suite of uk lake types, exhibiting a range of  
gy and hence can be used to reconstruct phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a levels u 
ed to reconstruct phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a levels using a range of pre-ex 
eters will be correlated with the known sediment and catchment data, enabling the differences i 
ta, enabling the differences in timing, nature and magnitude of response in different lake type 
11610 4 s to assess n-, p- and fe-limitation of phytoplankton growth, photosynthesis and n2 fixation wi 
, p- and fe-limitation of phytoplankton growth, photosynthesis and n2 fixation will be undertak 
 fe-limitation of phytoplankton growth, photosynthesis and n2 fixation will be undertaken in th 
teor cruise 55 are limited by different nutrients.  
15438 6 ng multifactor interactions influencing ecosystem structure and functioning is critical to unde 
ritical to understand their response to global change. therefore, there are a high demand of in 
tent our knowledge on how organisms and ecosystems respond to the interaction between global .  
 in photobiology and mixing vertical in marine and freshwater ecosystems. this is a guarantee t 
ology and mixing vertical in marine and freshwater ecosystems. this is a guarantee to achieve t 
ixing vertical in marine and freshwater ecosystems. this is a guarantee to achieve the complex  
14903 3                    this project studies distribution, reservoirs and survival of edwardsiella t 
hich is an eel pathogen, in the natural environment as well as the influence of some other biot 
ome other biotic and abiotic factors of water .  
10973 6            i propose to undertake large scale sequencing of dna extracted from pelagic antarcti 
s. the sequences will be used to assess biodiversity within planktonic ecosystems in the southe 
o assess biodiversity within planktonic ecosystems in the southern ocean. following large-scale 
 in the southern ocean. following large-scale sequencing i will design sequence-specific probes 
e optimised, will allow rapid and large-scale biodiversity and ecological studies of planktonic 
mised, will allow rapid and large-scale biodiversity and ecological studies of planktonic commu 
13794 16 lowship at mcgill university, montreal, canada, for another six months. my stay so far has been 
ing, especially in terms of insights in landscape analyze of ecosystem services , trade-offs be 
rms of insights in landscape analyze of ecosystem services , trade-offs between bundles of serv 
ndscape analyze of ecosystem services , trade-offs between bundles of services, multifunctional 
 and implications for social-ecological resilience, i.e. the capacity to deal with change and c 
in my understanding and analysis of the governance challenges involved in managing ecosystem se 
ernance challenges involved in managing ecosystem services at a landscape scale. in addition to 
ved in managing ecosystem services at a landscape scale. in addition to work within my previous 
aging ecosystem services at a landscape scale. in addition to work within my previous case stud 
nalize this work and participate in the development of a regional model of the agricultural per 
cipate in the development of a regional model of the agricultural peri-urban region in southern 
regional model of the agricultural peri-urban region in southern quebec and its dynamics and re 
in southern quebec and its dynamics and resilience, i wish to stay in montreal for an extended  
l for an extended period. experience of modeling of social-ecological systems will be an import 
ended period. experience of modeling of social-ecological systems will be an important componen 
mponent for my future research based in sweden.  
7485 21                           the escape of fish from sea-cage aquaculture is perceived as a seriou 
       the escape of fish from sea-cage aquaculture is perceived as a serious threat to natural 
erceived as a serious threat to natural biodiversity in europes marine waters. escaped fish may 
reat to natural biodiversity in europes marine waters. escaped fish may cause undesirable genet 
rsity in europes marine waters. escaped fish may cause undesirable genetic effects in native po 
reeding, and ecological effects through predation, competition and the transfer of diseases to  
d ecological effects through predation, competition and the transfer of diseases to wild fish.  
on and the transfer of diseases to wild fish. technical and operational failures of fish farmin 
. technical and operational failures of fish farming technology cause escapes. cages break down 
operational accidents lead to spills of fish. sea-cage equipment is marketed and used across eu 
e equipment is marketed and used across europe, thus knowledge relevant to the culture of numer 
 produce robust equipment and implement risk adverse operations. the prevent escape project wil 
echnological research on a pan-european scale to improve recommendations and guidelines for aqu 
rove recommendations and guidelines for aquaculture technologies and operational strategies tha 
 of escapes of reproductive gametes and fish, determine the inherent behaviours that pre-dispos 
urs that pre-dispose certain species of fish towards a higher probability of escaping, and docu 
obability of escaping, and document the dispersal of escapees to develop and test recapture str 
reby improving operations and equipment production, and advancing national and international st 
for the design, construction and use of aquaculture equipment. these key pieces of information, 
 effects of escapees. if prevention and mitigation are more successful, genetic and ecological  
more successful, genetic and ecological impacts should diminish.  
11635 7                         many species of insects carry intracellular bacteria, bacteria that by  
 species of insects carry intracellular bacteria, bacteria that by virtue of their cytoplasmic  
f insects carry intracellular bacteria, bacteria that by virtue of their cytoplasmic location s 
ing. a subset of these that shows great biodiversity are the male-killing bacteria, inherited b 
great biodiversity are the male-killing bacteria, inherited bacteria that pass from female to s 
re the male-killing bacteria, inherited bacteria that pass from female to son and daughter, and 
ling action of the diverse male-killing bacteria found in ladybird beetles.  
12469 6 ct will assess the impact of changes in fishing quota and days at sea on the economic viability 
sea on the economic viability of the uk fishing industry as part of a defra impact assessment o 
 uk fishing industry as part of a defra impact assessment on european legislation. key customer 
y changes needed to achieve sustainable fisheries and will contribute to thinking on the reform 
to thinking on the reform of the common fisheries policy.  
g on the reform of the common fisheries policy.  
14109 23                      drastic changes in landscape structure during the last century have result 
st century have resulted in significant fragmentation of plant populations causing the loss of  
se species fitness and increase species vulnerability to environmental changes. in contemporary 
 environmental changes. in contemporary agricultural landscapes, field boundaries and other sem 
d to counteract the negative effects of fragmentation. the role of such elements enabling gene  
ing gene flow and thus supporting plant genetic diversity is largely unknown. sowing of commerc 
lower seed mixtures is a common tool in habitat restoration, while the genetic consequences of  
ed mixtures is a common tool in habitat restoration, while the genetic consequences of this mea 
 project are to evaluate the functional habitat connectivity using novel landscape genetic tool 
 are to evaluate the functional habitat connectivity using novel landscape genetic tools and to 
tional habitat connectivity using novel landscape genetic tools and to assess the potential eff 
 sowing commercial seed mixtures on the genetic diversity and fitness of natural plant populati 
, i will use a common self-incompatible wetland plant lychnis flos-cuculi as a model species re 
 wetland plant lychnis flos-cuculi as a model species representing the group of species, which  
ave been shown to be most vulnerable to fragmentation, and ditch verges in agricultural landsca 
e to fragmentation, and ditch verges in agricultural landscapes as model systems. i will sample 
ch verges in agricultural landscapes as model systems. i will sample sown and natural populatio 
lite markers i will study the effect of landscape structure on the gene flow. using artificial  
 pollen and whether it is influenced by habitat connectivity. i will set up an experiment in th 
and whether it is influenced by habitat connectivity. i will set up an experiment in the study  
f high significance for the sustainable planning of agri-environmental connectivity measures an 
tainable planning of agri-environmental connectivity measures and restoration ecology.  
environmental connectivity measures and restoration ecology.  
12168 9                                 current agri-environment schemes are central to meeting the gov 
njunction with those from the wider els monitoring project, will inform the development and imp 
els monitoring project, will inform the development and implementation of agri-environment meas 
 development and implementation of agri-environment measures designed to enhance the conservati 
onment measures designed to enhance the conservation status of these species by identifying key 
extent to which these are influenced by landscape context and some indication of threshold habi 
andscape context and some indication of threshold habitat areas required for population recover 
ontext and some indication of threshold habitat areas required for population recovery for a nu 
d habitat areas required for population recovery for a number of key bird species.  
12550 18                                         bees make an essential contribution to agriculture and  
 bees make an essential contribution to agriculture and the environment through pollination: th 
ial contribution to agriculture and the environment through pollination: they also produce hone 
agriculture and the environment through pollination: they also produce honey and wax. the honey 
 honey bee , are known to assist colony recovery. alternatively in cases of higher disease leve 
overy. alternatively in cases of higher disease levels, the only course of action is to destroy 
 use of antibiotics to achieve improved disease control of efb. shook swarm involves transferri 
k swarm involves transferring all adult bees from an infected hive into a clean hive, thereby r 
usative organism of european foul brood disease, within colonies prior to and post the shook sw 
ealthy colonies. in addition samples of bees and brood will be taken from apparently healthy co 
ken from apparently healthy colonies in disease free counties of england and wales to attempt t 
pt to map geographical incidence of the disease causing organisms and threshold levels of bacte 
ce of the disease causing organisms and threshold levels of bacteria within colonies that lead  
using organisms and threshold levels of bacteria within colonies that lead to development of cl 
f bacteria within colonies that lead to development of clinical signs of disease. all samples o 
ead to development of clinical signs of disease. all samples of adult bees and brood will be ta 
 signs of disease. all samples of adult bees and brood will be taken from each colony in the tr 
 each colony in the trial and levels of bacteria will be determined in the laboratory using qua 
10865 11 pervisory team that is world-leading in ecosystem based ocean acidification research using natu 
hat is world-leading in ecosystem based ocean acidification research using natural analogues. t 
tor spatial and temporal variability in ph . the student will examine whether calcified algae,  
 student will examine whether calcified algae, foraminifera and corals can adapt their mineralo 
isual counts will be used to assess the diversity, behavior and abundance of shrimps and fish r 
s will be used to assess the diversity, behavior and abundance of shrimps and fish recording th 
d to assess the diversity, behavior and abundance of shrimps and fish recording the distributio 
, behavior and abundance of shrimps and fish recording the distribution of gravid females and f 
dance of shrimps and fish recording the distribution of gravid females and fish nests in relati 
 the distribution of gravid females and fish nests in relation to co2 monitoring zones, as juve 
males and fish nests in relation to co2 monitoring zones, as juvenile stages can be the most vu 
14816 10 work of a programme that joins together macroecology and historical biogeography. this approach 
ns together macroecology and historical biogeography. this approach may allow knowing, interpre 
tions existing among the vertebrates in spain. this study will include the identification of ch 
s of different species, and the spatial modelling of the distributions of the implied species,  
ose distributions more dependent on the environment, we will build predictive models of future  
ive models of future distributions in a climate change scenario. we will also extract the perti 
tract the pertinent conclusions for the conservation of different distribution types, depending 
sions for the conservation of different distribution types, depending on whether they are more  
alysis, as the spanish ministry for the environment has just published the distribution atlases 
 the environment has just published the distribution atlases of all vertebrate groups on the ut 
11012 3 to one another. for example, changes in temperature or habitats can alter distributions of host 
system . a. lyrata tends to grow in low competition environments so we will also question wheth 
d albugo and establish whether the same resistance mechanisms operate in host populations sampl 
11524 3 to one another. for example, changes in temperature or habitats can alter distributions of host 
system . a. lyrata tends to grow in low competition environments so we will also question wheth 
d albugo and establish whether the same resistance mechanisms operate in host populations sampl 
12171 14 set-aside has had benefits for farmland biodiversity, particularly birds, for which it can prov 
for farmland biodiversity, particularly birds, for which it can provide valuable foraging habit 
 which it can provide valuable foraging habitat in summer and winter, as well as breeding habit 
 summer and winter, as well as breeding habitat for some ground-nesting species. a review of re 
itat for some ground-nesting species. a review of recent studies suggests that, on average, set 
 used to characterise valuable foraging habitat and inform the sorts of habitat features that c 
oraging habitat and inform the sorts of habitat features that could potentially be promoted as  
d potentially be promoted as field-edge mitigation measures for the loss of set-aside. the resu 
oss of set-aside. the results will help policy-makers to assess the need for measures to mitiga 
ng evidence base for the impact of this habitat change on the behaviour and population trends o 
viour and population trends of farmland birds. they will also provide a basis for the developme 
 they will also provide a basis for the development of possible options in terms of field edge  
possible options in terms of field edge management approaches that may be implemented alongide  
 may be implemented alongide other agri-environment measures to prevent further population decl 
10311 18                             in 2010 the amazon basin experienced unusually dry conditions, a se 
nusually dry conditions, a second major drought in 5 years, a pattern which is remarkably simil 
milar to some predictions of the future climate of the region. this is because most climate mod 
ate of the region. this is because most climate models predict an increase in dry season intens 
eason intensity, and all an increase in temperature in the coming century as a consequence of g 
ming century as a consequence of global climate change. whether or not long-term climate change 
limate change. whether or not long-term climate change is already involved the current event ca 
nt event can help us evaluate how humid forest, deciduous forests and savanna ecosystems and sp 
us evaluate how humid forest, deciduous forests and savanna ecosystems and species respond to d 
how humid forest, deciduous forests and savanna ecosystems and species respond to drying, so he 
d forest, deciduous forests and savanna ecosystems and species respond to drying, so helping as 
drying, so helping assess the potential scale of impacts as the amazon climate dries. our team  
o helping assess the potential scale of impacts as the amazon climate dries. our team has a lar 
s the potential scale of impacts as the amazon climate dries. our team has a large network of o 
otential scale of impacts as the amazon climate dries. our team has a large network of on-the-g 
llent opportunity to measure the actual impacts of drought. we already did this with the severe 
tunity to measure the actual impacts of drought. we already did this with the severe 2005 droug 
e already did this with the severe 2005 drought the infrastructure installed to allow local col 
9953 16  last few months there has been extreme drought in amazonia. this may be related to warming of  
ght in amazonia. this may be related to warming of the north atlantic and gulf of mexico, the s 
rming of the north atlantic and gulf of mexico, the same feature that helped generate unusually 
pical cyclones since records began. the amazon drought may have been a similarly unusual event. 
yclones since records began. the amazon drought may have been a similarly unusual event. in wes 
rly this may have been the most intense drought since weather records began in this region in t 
ong the middle and lower reaches of the amazon river had reached the lowest marks for 35 to 60  
, which indicates that most of the vast amazon basin for an additional year following the droug 
in for an additional year following the drought so that we can understand in more detail how am 
at we can understand in more detail how amazon forests recover from the drought. together with  
an understand in more detail how amazon forests recover from the drought. together with this in 
ail how amazon forests recover from the drought. together with this intensive fieldwork and sub 
e existing weather data from across the amazon to understand the precise magnitude, intensity,  
d the precise magnitude, intensity, and distribution of the drought, and also satellite-based m 
ude, intensity, and distribution of the drought, and also satellite-based measurements of fores 
nd also satellite-based measurements of forest canopy properties to understand how the extreme  
9985 16  last few months there has been extreme drought in amazonia. this may be related to warming of  
ght in amazonia. this may be related to warming of the north atlantic and gulf of mexico, the s 
rming of the north atlantic and gulf of mexico, the same feature that helped generate unusually 
pical cyclones since records began. the amazon drought may have been a similarly unusual event. 
yclones since records began. the amazon drought may have been a similarly unusual event. in wes 
rly this may have been the most intense drought since weather records began in this region in t 
ong the middle and lower reaches of the amazon river had reached the lowest marks for 35 to 60  
, which indicates that most of the vast amazon basin for an additional year following the droug 
in for an additional year following the drought so that we can understand in more detail how am 
at we can understand in more detail how amazon forests recover from the drought. together with  
an understand in more detail how amazon forests recover from the drought. together with this in 
ail how amazon forests recover from the drought. together with this intensive fieldwork and sub 
e existing weather data from across the amazon to understand the precise magnitude, intensity,  
d the precise magnitude, intensity, and distribution of the drought, and also satellite-based m 
ude, intensity, and distribution of the drought, and also satellite-based measurements of fores 
nd also satellite-based measurements of forest canopy properties to understand how the extreme  
2182 5 ng sets of categories and criteria. the evaluation will conform to these guidelines to enable e 
ease the knowledge of the status of the fish stock around jan mayen and enhance the information 
nhance the information of the norwegian marine fish diversity.  
the information of the norwegian marine fish diversity.  
nformation of the norwegian marine fish diversity.  
10858 1 me of the most basic information on the life history of this species, information that may be v 
10067 15                    proliferative kidney disease and will significantly contribute to fundamenta 
ndamental knowledge of the evolutionary ecology of hosts and parasites by characterising the in 
dly during research with case partners, fish farm partners and academic institutes. drivers for 
ow environmental conditions promote the development of pkd is poorly understood but such unders 
nderstanding is crucial for identifying risk factors associated with disease outbreaks and the  
dentifying risk factors associated with disease outbreaks and the susceptibility of wild fish p 
utbreaks and the susceptibility of wild fish populations. due to the value of salmonid fish and 
pulations. due to the value of salmonid fish and the many pressures facing brown trout populati 
essures facing brown trout populations, monitoring fish health in the wild remains a serious ch 
ing brown trout populations, monitoring fish health in the wild remains a serious challenge. us 
nge. using bryozoans as a surrogate for monitoring pkd would provide a valuable and novel appro 
le and novel approach for managing wild fish populations, affording a basis for national monito 
lations, affording a basis for national monitoring and minimising future disease impacts.  
tional monitoring and minimising future disease impacts.  
onitoring and minimising future disease impacts.  
10156 17 been a surge of interest in the role of disease on individual health and its effects on host po 
se studies and, indeed, the majority of disease control programmes of humans and domestic anima 
rldwide has tb, and over one fourth has soil transmitted helminths. importantly, these co-infec 
e interactions may arise through direct competition between parasites within each host. however 
 may also be indirect, possibly through competition for shared resources . in this case, immune 
s that result in a diverse, interactive community within each individual host. clearly, underst 
sign of truly effective and sustainable disease control programs. if control approaches only co 
e may be unpredictable consequences for disease caused by other, co-infecting parasites. howeve 
 measuring interactions using classical community ecology perturbation experiments, by removing 
pecies was previously suppressing their abundance. by repeating this process for all main paras 
 these interactions into a mathematical model will allow us to predict how such parasite commun 
of two species at the same time. if our model predictions prove accurate for more complex co-tr 
e a vital tool for developing long-term disease control strategies in other host species, such  
es, such as humans, domestic animals or wildlife threatened to extinction by infectious disease 
estic animals or wildlife threatened to extinction by infectious diseases. it is gradually bein 
an important role in the occurrence and management of many diseases of human concern. given the 
nding of the factors affecting parasite invasion, transmission, persistence, and control. this  
11676 17 been a surge of interest in the role of disease on individual health and its effects on host po 
se studies and, indeed, the majority of disease control programmes of humans and domestic anima 
rldwide has tb, and over one fourth has soil transmitted helminths. importantly, these co-infec 
e interactions may arise through direct competition between parasites within each host. however 
 may also be indirect, possibly through competition for shared resources . in this case, immune 
s that result in a diverse, interactive community within each individual host. clearly, underst 
sign of truly effective and sustainable disease control programs. if control approaches only co 
e may be unpredictable consequences for disease caused by other, co-infecting parasites. howeve 
 measuring interactions using classical community ecology perturbation experiments, by removing 
pecies was previously suppressing their abundance. by repeating this process for all main paras 
 these interactions into a mathematical model will allow us to predict how such parasite commun 
of two species at the same time. if our model predictions prove accurate for more complex co-tr 
e a vital tool for developing long-term disease control strategies in other host species, such  
es, such as humans, domestic animals or wildlife threatened to extinction by infectious disease 
estic animals or wildlife threatened to extinction by infectious diseases. it is gradually bein 
an important role in the occurrence and management of many diseases of human concern. given the 
nding of the factors affecting parasite invasion, transmission, persistence, and control. this  
12341 12 ntly, these sharks are caught in target fisheries and as a bycatch in longline, trawl and gilln 
 bycatch in longline, trawl and gillnet fisheries. reduced quotas and size restrictions will be 
an level on setting a zero tac. further mitigation measures such as area or seasonal closures,  
 limited knowledge of the movements and distribution of these species, and their survivorship a 
hip after capture, severely hampers the evaluation of proposed policies.to evaluate the efficac 
efficacy of current and other potential management measures it is necessary to collect evidence 
is necessary to collect evidence on the risk of capture and the survivorship of caught & discar 
verlap of porbeagle and spurdog and the fisheries that exploit them. this information can be us 
eing discarded to develop a qualitative assessment of the vulnerability of stocks to fisheries  
develop a qualitative assessment of the vulnerability of stocks to fisheries , and forecasting  
sment of the vulnerability of stocks to fisheries , and forecasting the effects of reducing cat 
 and international commitments to shark management are being met, and the potential risks to th 
12615 12 tial legacy of chemical contaminants in soil, mainly resulting from industrial pollution. gover 
 soil, mainly resulting from industrial pollution. government has a wide range of policies spec 
event new contamination is centred on a risk based framework, recognising that whilst contamina 
the potential to cause harm. government policy is clear that the risks need to be addressed on  
 due to the different circumstances and risk scenarios at each site. it is therefore the case t 
to the different circumstances and risk scenarios at each site. it is therefore the case that t 
ntaminants specified as limit values in planning permission conditions and associated use of la 
ect is not readily available from local planning authorities as there is not currently a statut 
developed and so dealt with through the planning regime. however, it is likely that any such in 
eliable data. this will then inform the nature and extent of the main survey. there is also the 
 effectiveness of key contaminated land policy to date which can in turn inform the policy maki 
cy to date which can in turn inform the policy making of the future.  
10992 9                                         biodiversity in the recent past has been increasingly a 
 affected by the replacement of natural ecosystems with human-dominated ones. in order to bette 
nes. in order to better understand past biodiversity and the impact of factors such as climate  
rsity and the impact of factors such as climate change, this project aims to provide a small-sc 
e, this project aims to provide a small-scale microsampling technique for the thorough identifi 
 has had a recent from the recent small-scale excavations at pin hole cave. the sampling will b 
ormation obtained from the earlier full-scale excavation to evaluate the potential of small-sca 
tion to evaluate the potential of small-scale excavations that are comprehensively analysed. re 
ly analysed. reducing the need for full-scale excavation would minimise site destruction and al 
11214 26               one of the most important zooplankton in the north atlantic is calanus finmarchic 
ood resource for commercially important fish such as haddock, herring and mackerel. however, th 
culation patterns and/or changes in the abundance and distribution of their food; primarily the 
rns and/or changes in the abundance and distribution of their food; primarily the small single- 
d free-floating microscopic plants, the phytoplankton. from recent research cruises to the ne a 
f 2001/2 we gathered information on the distribution and abundance of calanus over the entire i 
red information on the distribution and abundance of calanus over the entire irminger basin. we 
n. we also made routine measurements of phytoplankton pigments and what amounts of phytoplankto 
toplankton pigments and what amounts of phytoplankton are actually present in the water column. 
ytoplankton are actually present in the water column. to do this, we will need to measure vario 
will need to measure various indices of phytoplankton abundance and activity in the water and r 
easure various indices of phytoplankton abundance and activity in the water and relate this to  
oplankton abundance and activity in the water and relate this to satellite observations. from t 
s. from this we can initially calculate phytoplankton biomass and then use measured relationshi 
e can initially calculate phytoplankton biomass and then use measured relationships between bio 
then use measured relationships between biomass and productivity to reconstruct phytoplankton p 
sured relationships between biomass and productivity to reconstruct phytoplankton production ra 
biomass and productivity to reconstruct phytoplankton production rates, from space. production  
oductivity to reconstruct phytoplankton production rates, from space. production rates estimate 
oplankton production rates, from space. production rates estimated from space will then need to 
ace will then need to be validated with phytoplankton productivity measured in the sea. once we 
need to be validated with phytoplankton productivity measured in the sea. once we have establis 
tablished reliable year-round and basin-scale phytoplankton production, this will provide an es 
hed reliable year-round and basin-scale phytoplankton production, this will provide an estimate 
ear-round and basin-scale phytoplankton production, this will provide an estimate of the availa 
 this information to assess whether the abundance of calanus is controlled by the available foo 
11754 10 how much resource will be available for fish stocks, we need to understand the population dynam 
 fish stocks, we need to understand the population dynamics and productivity of the zooplankton 
 understand the population dynamics and productivity of the zooplankton populations on which th 
lation dynamics and productivity of the zooplankton populations on which they feed. calanus fin 
 copepod species and source of food for fish in the north atlantic. the study of zooplankton gr 
ish in the north atlantic. the study of zooplankton growth in the ocean is very difficult and t 
orth atlantic. the study of zooplankton growth in the ocean is very difficult and time consumin 
sure the activity of enzymes related to growth and perform growth experiments combined with enz 
f enzymes related to growth and perform growth experiments combined with enzyme activity assays 
fying true costs of over-wintering, and modelling this important aspect of life-history.  
419 18                        the northwestern mediterranean region appears to be one of the most sens 
ears to be one of the most sensitive to climate change. the potential impacts of these changes  
sitive to climate change. the potential impacts of these changes could have tragic consequences 
onsequences on the preservation of many ecosystems and species. a strong research effort to det 
etermine the past and coming effects of global change over the mediterranean must be supported  
oming effects of global change over the mediterranean must be supported to evaluate the risks i 
d to evaluate the risks incurred by the mediterranean marine biodiversity. this project propose 
the risks incurred by the mediterranean marine biodiversity. this project proposes to work on t 
ks incurred by the mediterranean marine biodiversity. this project proposes to work on the shad 
bedrock communities in the northwestern mediterranean and the species that belong to these comm 
onmental events: epizootic diseases and mortality, change in the geographical and/or bathymetri 
 in the geographical and/or bathymetric distribution of species. by using a multi-disciplinary  
echanisms leading to changes in coastal marine biodiversity, thereby generating consequences on 
ms leading to changes in coastal marine biodiversity, thereby generating consequences on depend 
come possible to propose a strategy for monitoring mediterranean marine biodiversity. in additi 
le to propose a strategy for monitoring mediterranean marine biodiversity. in addition, jointly 
a strategy for monitoring mediterranean marine biodiversity. in addition, jointly with some eco 
egy for monitoring mediterranean marine biodiversity. in addition, jointly with some economists 
7136 17                      the north- western mediterranean appears to be one of the most sensitive r 
be one of the most sensitive regions to climate change. the potential impacts of this change co 
egions to climate change. the potential impacts of this change could have dramatic consequences 
ould have dramatic consequences for the conservation of many species and ecosystems. a determin 
or the conservation of many species and ecosystems. a determined effort to discern research pas 
ern research past and future effects of global change in the mediterranean should be supported  
 future effects of global change in the mediterranean should be supported to assess the risks t 
uld be supported to assess the risks to mediterranean marine biodiversity. this project propose 
ed to assess the risks to mediterranean marine biodiversity. this project proposes to investiga 
ssess the risks to mediterranean marine biodiversity. this project proposes to investigate the  
ties of hard substrates nordoccidentale mediterranean and component species. . this project als 
that can lead to changes in the coastal marine biodiversity, thus generating an impact on the d 
n lead to changes in the coastal marine biodiversity, thus generating an impact on the dependen 
. it will then be possible to propose a mediterranean marine biodiversity monitoring strategy.  
 be possible to propose a mediterranean marine biodiversity monitoring strategy. finally, toget 
sible to propose a mediterranean marine biodiversity monitoring strategy. finally, together wit 
ose a mediterranean marine biodiversity monitoring strategy. finally, together with economists  
12272 37                    to inform government policy at national and european scales, defra needs to  
out the many factors that influence the sustainability and environmental impacts of arable crop 
s that influence the sustainability and environmental impacts of arable crop production. this p 
nd environmental impacts of arable crop production. this project will maintain consistency of s 
d rape and cabbage stem weevil. a final assessment will then take place on all crops at pod rip 
 ripening to measure stem, root and pod disease levels. as for the wheat survey, a questionnair 
cted by fusarium head blight which is a disease caused by a complex of at least five pathogen s 
 the toxins they produce will assist in monitoring the annual severity of this disease, measure 
 monitoring the annual severity of this disease, measure changes in prevalence of each species  
evalence of each species in response to climate and agronomic practice and provide data to assi 
 practice and provide data to assist in risk analyses for mycotoxin contamination in grain. the 
ity necessary to inform a wide range of policy questions now and for the future. the historical 
istically robust source of evidence for policy making which aims to mitigate the impacts of cro 
olicy making which aims to mitigate the impacts of crop diseases and pests and unsustainable ma 
op diseases and pests and unsustainable management practices. the data collected are also a key 
a collected are also a key resource for monitoring impacts of climate change on uk agriculture  
 are also a key resource for monitoring impacts of climate change on uk agriculture by measurin 
 key resource for monitoring impacts of climate change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator 
itoring impacts of climate change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator species. most recent 
e change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator species. most recently these data were used t 
tly these data were used to examine the impacts of revisions to directive 91/414/eec, affecting 
4/eec, affecting future availability of pesticide active ingredients, to production of wheat in 
ity of pesticide active ingredients, to production of wheat in this country. as well as address 
 well as addressing future research and policy needs, this project will continue existing colla 
vision of data for investigation of the impacts of issues including food security, climate chan 
tion of the impacts of issues including food security, climate change, environmental protection 
acts of issues including food security, climate change, environmental protection, uk and eu gov 
mental protection, uk and eu government policy, varietal resistance, pathogen resistance, land  
, uk and eu government policy, varietal resistance, pathogen resistance, land management and ec 
t policy, varietal resistance, pathogen resistance, land management and economics on wheat and  
rietal resistance, pathogen resistance, land management and economics on wheat and oilseed rape 
athogen resistance, land management and economics on wheat and oilseed rape production. samples 
and economics on wheat and oilseed rape production. samples or data will also be provided to su 
r data will also be provided to support monitoring for food safety, development and validation  
 to support monitoring for food safety, development and validation of models for disease and pe 
evelopment and validation of models for disease and pest forecasting and identification of sust 
 and identification of sustainable crop management strategies for the industry.  
7457 26       as the evidence for human induced climate change becomes clearer, so too does the realiza 
 realization that its effects will have impacts on natural environment and socio-economic syste 
ts effects will have impacts on natural environment and socio-economic systems. some regions ar 
s of life. the proposal will assess the impacts of a changing climate on the quantity and quali 
l will assess the impacts of a changing climate on the quantity and quality of water in mountai 
 climate on the quantity and quality of water in mountain regions. modeling techniques will be  
d quality of water in mountain regions. modeling techniques will be used to project the influen 
various time and space scales. regional climate models will provide the essential information o 
e the essential information on shifting precipitation and temperature patterns, and snow, ice,  
formation on shifting precipitation and temperature patterns, and snow, ice, and biosphere mode 
odels in order to assess the changes in seasonality, amount, and incidence of extreme events in 
e analyzed in terms of hazards, aquatic ecosystems, hydropower, tourism, agriculture, and the h 
azards, aquatic ecosystems, hydropower, tourism, agriculture, and the health implications of ch 
quatic ecosystems, hydropower, tourism, agriculture, and the health implications of changing wa 
and the health implications of changing water quality. attention will also be devoted to the in 
 be devoted to the interactions between land use/land cover changes, and changing or conflictin 
ed to the interactions between land use/land cover changes, and changing or conflicting water r 
er changes, and changing or conflicting water resource demands. adaptation and policy options w 
 or conflicting water resource demands. adaptation and policy options will be elaborated on the 
 water resource demands. adaptation and policy options will be elaborated on the basis of the m 
 will be elaborated on the basis of the model results. specific environmental conditions of mou 
ratures, prolonged droughts and extreme precipitation. the methodological developments gained f 
 mountain focus will be used to address water issues in regions whose economic conditions and p 
ities to respond and adapt, such as the andes and central asia where complex problems resulting 
mmetric power relations and less robust institutions arise. methodologies developed to study eu 
ties and be used to evaluate a range of policy options.  
12295 29 low defra to improve their responses on land use issues in england. the project will provide a  
assess the most sustainable options for land use. the project aims are: 1. identify sources of  
roject aims are: 1. identify sources of land use typology data for england. 2. create a databas 
ase of metadata for the key features of land use typology datasets, including searchable key wo 
 or tags and links to other datasets or policy areas. 3. assess the opportunities or threats po 
posed by inclusion of each dataset in a land use framework. 4. assess existing activities curre 
cal barriers to synthesis of comparable land use datasets into one map. 6. recommend future wor 
mmend future work that could aid in the development of a land use framework. such suggested fut 
 that could aid in the development of a land use framework. such suggested future work could in 
d include the creation of a synthesised land use typology into a single classification scheme.  
hesised land use typology into a single classification scheme. the resulting maps would provide 
s would provide an understanding of the distribution and patterns of land use at a meaningful l 
ing of the distribution and patterns of land use at a meaningful level for policy making. durin 
s of land use at a meaningful level for policy making. during the project a desk-based assessme 
making. during the project a desk-based assessment of existing sources of land use data will be 
based assessment of existing sources of land use data will be undertaken, and the results of th 
l be undertaken, and the results of the assessment will be recorded in a metadata database. thi 
ill focus on the geographic elements of land use data. where the resolution of the data is deem 
onally, perceived gaps in the domain of land use data will be noted. the first stages of the pr 
 are to discuss the potential form of a land use framework, to address the function of such a f 
of a land use framework, to address the function of such a framework and the user requirements  
es the typology of land in terms of its development status/function/designation include: • urba 
land in terms of its development status/function/designation include: • urban – residential hou 
 status/function/designation include: • urban – residential housing/commercial/industrial/trans 
rial/transport networks/infrastructure/ urban greenspaces; • agricultural land – arable/horticu 
gricultural land – arable/horticultural/grassland; • land with designated status – aonbs/nation 
esignated status – aonbs/national parks/nature designations analysis will be performed. this sw 
 defra taking each dataset forward in a land use framework. recommendations will be made for ad 
 for additional work that would aid the development of such a framework, including identifying  
14981 16 ents, both biotic and abiotic, of river ecosystems, but less is known about the effects on the  
is known about the effects on the river function, and much less if these effects are of the sam 
ts are of the same magnitude in fluvial ecosystems located in different climatic areas, as thos 
. solutions to problems affecting river ecosystems, will arrive with a better understanding on  
er understanding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem- 
anding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level proc 
g on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process a 
ion. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process and sensitive to disturbances a 
and sensitive to disturbances affecting rivers. so, it is a functional indicator of changes in  
ffecting rivers. so, it is a functional indicator of changes in ecological river status. the ai 
in the functioning of low order iberian streams through the response of an ecosystem process, l 
rian streams through the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in differ 
h the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and  
 response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and clima 
emonstrate the importance of functional indicators in providing an integrated drawing of river  
roviding an integrated drawing of river ecosystem health  
14979 16 ents, both biotic and abiotic, of river ecosystems, but less is known about the effects on the  
is known about the effects on the river function, and much less if these effects are of the sam 
ts are of the same magnitude in fluvial ecosystems located in different climatic areas, as thos 
. solutions to problems affecting river ecosystems, will arrive with a better understanding on  
er understanding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem- 
anding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level proc 
g on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process a 
ion. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process and sensitive to disturbances a 
and sensitive to disturbances affecting rivers. so, it is a functional indicator of changes in  
ffecting rivers. so, it is a functional indicator of changes in ecological river status. the ai 
in the functioning of low order iberian streams through the response of an ecosystem process, l 
rian streams through the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in differ 
h the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and  
 response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and clima 
emonstrate the importance of functional indicators in providing an integrated drawing of river  
roviding an integrated drawing of river ecosystem health.  
14980 16 ents, both biotic and abiotic, of river ecosystems, but less is known about the effects on the  
is known about the effects on the river function, and much less if these effects are of the sam 
ts are of the same magnitude in fluvial ecosystems located in different climatic areas, as thos 
. solutions to problems affecting river ecosystems, will arrive with a better understanding on  
er understanding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem- 
anding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level proc 
g on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process a 
ion. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process and sensitive to disturbances a 
and sensitive to disturbances affecting rivers. so, it is a functional indicator of changes in  
ffecting rivers. so, it is a functional indicator of changes in ecological river status. the ai 
in the functioning of low order iberian streams through the response of an ecosystem process, l 
rian streams through the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in differ 
h the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and  
 response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and clima 
emonstrate the importance of functional indicators in providing an integrated drawing of river  
roviding an integrated drawing of river ecosystem health.  
14978 16 ents, both biotic and abiotic, of river ecosystems, but less is known about the effects on the  
is known about the effects on the river function, and much less if these effects are of the sam 
ts are of the same magnitude in fluvial ecosystems located in different climatic areas, as thos 
. solutions to problems affecting river ecosystems, will arrive with a better understanding on  
er understanding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem- 
anding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level proc 
g on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process a 
ion. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process and sensitive to disturbances a 
and sensitive to disturbances affecting rivers. so, it is a functional indicator of changes in  
ffecting rivers. so, it is a functional indicator of changes in ecological river status. the ai 
in the functioning of low order iberian streams through the response of an ecosystem process, l 
rian streams through the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in differ 
h the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and  
 response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and clima 
emonstrate the importance of functional indicators in providing an integrated drawing of river  
roviding an integrated drawing of river ecosystem health.  
7370 14               c. complementary modes of management and conservation devices / after showing the 
. complementary modes of management and conservation devices / after showing the emergence of a 
fter showing the emergence of a dynamic management model of genetic resources of wheat involvin 
g the emergence of a dynamic management model of genetic resources of wheat involving farm mana 
netic resources of wheat involving farm management and conservation collections, we will develo 
 of wheat involving farm management and conservation collections, we will develop an approach f 
 develop an approach for evaluating the diversity of land agricultural landscape. this indicato 
ch for evaluating the diversity of land agricultural landscape. this indicator will quantify th 
ty of land agricultural landscape. this indicator will quantify the evolution of diversity and  
scape. this indicator will quantify the evolution of diversity and evaluate the effectiveness o 
ndicator will quantify the evolution of diversity and evaluate the effectiveness of active mana 
nd evaluate the effectiveness of active management to preserve diversity, maintain the adaptive 
veness of active management to preserve diversity, maintain the adaptive potential and preserve 
he adaptive potential and preserve wild biodiversity associated  
7191 9                                    mpas review of marine reserves governance implications of la 
                         mpas review of marine reserves governance implications of large scale  
         mpas review of marine reserves governance implications of large scale in national and  
serves governance implications of large scale in national and international waters. we will app 
ee different systems, the gulf of lion, south africa and the indian ocean, which contain high e 
nd the indian ocean, which contain high economic value species and / or species suffering from  
from bycatch that demonstrate different migration patterns. these three regions have expressed  
trong interest in pursuing a scientific review of the potential effects of amp. through this co 
tudy, we aim to provide the information management authorities need now, when the subject is re 
14649 6                                   river ecosystems are of special value to society since they s 
cial value to society since they supply water for human consumption and other services with bio 
icting and diagnosing pollutant induced stress in freshwater ecosystems, and will improve its e 
 diagnosing pollutant induced stress in freshwater ecosystems, and will improve its environment 
 pollutant induced stress in freshwater ecosystems, and will improve its environmental manageme 
hwater ecosystems, and will improve its environmental management.  
12252 15                                         sustainable development is key concept that has emerged 
ainable. the environmental footprint of agriculture is complex. agricultural activities consume 
ities consume and utilise materials and energy like any other production processes, but this pr 
ise materials and energy like any other production processes, but this production is carried ou 
ny other production processes, but this production is carried out in the environment itself cau 
t this production is carried out in the environment itself causing point source and diffuse pol 
itself causing point source and diffuse pollution and impacting on habitats and biodiversity. t 
pollution and impacting on habitats and biodiversity. the environmental effects can be direct a 
and to devise and develop an innovative environmental management system that would be effective 
to undertake this work: a comprehensive review and critique of the whole farm and targeted syst 
arnt from this approach will enable the development of an innovative environmental management s 
enable the development of an innovative environmental management system that encapsulates the a 
d measures. this will help inform defra policy and public debate about sustainable farming. the 
out sustainable farming. the innovative environmental management system which will be proposed  
se laid out in cross compliance and the water and waste framework directives.  
7666 4                                         global change is expected to progressively drive crop g 
esources conserved in gene-banks to mal-adaptation, and therefore impair their value for breedi 
ir value for breeding programs. in-situ management of crop-biodiversity .  
ng programs. in-situ management of crop-biodiversity .  
14674 8                                         agri-environment schemes compensate farmers for income  
iated with measures that aim to benefit biodiversity. these schemes have been applied in europe 
ity. these schemes have been applied in europe throughout the last decade, yet without appropri 
ing of their effectiveness. in a recent review, kleijn & sutherland , of demographic parameters 
 demographic parameters bird densities, productivity, survival- and behavioural parameters habi 
y, survival- and behavioural parameters habitat selection, diet- of great bustards, with comple 
th complementary data from other steppe birds. the series of data on demography, distribution a 
irds. the series of data on demography, distribution and behaviour we have collected during our 
12153 13 large areas of common land and communal grazing. initially, sheep had to be kept in an unfenced 
 a life long knowledge of where optimal grazing and shelter can be found throughout the year. o 
numbers. for hefting to remain a viable management tool self contained flocks are required. ane 
ence suggests that hefting can increase biodiversity with sheep, having an improved knowledge o 
 area, showing seasonal preferences for grazing different plant communities. variation in the s 
t communities. variation in the spatial distribution of sheep relative to seasons can also be g 
ic areas and with a range of additional management practices. the case studies will include som 
tive and negative effects of hefting on livestock performance, animal welfare, farm economics,  
stock performance, animal welfare, farm economics, environmental impact and landscape. the pote 
rmance, animal welfare, farm economics, environmental impact and landscape. the potential impac 
arm economics, environmental impact and landscape. the potential impact that new policy drivers 
andscape. the potential impact that new policy drivers such as water framework directive and ag 
 impact that new policy drivers such as water framework directive and agri-environmental scheme 
12646 4                                      to review and assess the level of compliance, and hence th 
e environmental protection , through an assessment of wild birds shot and sold through game dea 
tection , through an assessment of wild birds shot and sold through game dealers. to recommend  
hich will provide defra with a credible assessment of current practices, including if appropria 
15465 11 rtant implications for their successful management and conservation, due to the potential high  
ons for their successful management and conservation, due to the potential high interaction of  
table isotope approach to study trophic ecology for that, our last objective will be to calcula 
e canary islands. the implementation of stable isotopes will open the possibility of raising th 
 this methodology requires the parallel development of information that will allow us a correct 
ic thooth collections, would enable the evaluation of ontogenic shifs in diet and feeding habit 
 of ontogenic shifs in diet and feeding habitat but also the detection of long-term changes in  
ion of long-term changes in the trophic ecology of these species. these results will be of grea 
hange or intend to use these species as indicators of changes occurring in the marine environme 
 indicators of changes occurring in the marine environment.  
tors of changes occurring in the marine environment.  
7667 10 earch teams have been interested in the impacts of human activities on function of the ecosyste 
d in the impacts of human activities on function of the ecosystems, and more recently on a very 
 of human activities on function of the ecosystems, and more recently on a very particular urba 
 and more recently on a very particular urban ecosystems. the assesment of ecosystem services o 
ore recently on a very particular urban ecosystems. the assesment of ecosystem services of the  
ular urban ecosystems. the assesment of ecosystem services of the urban biodiversity its a comp 
 assesment of ecosystem services of the urban biodiversity its a complementary step for the com 
ment of ecosystem services of the urban biodiversity its a complementary step for the comprehen 
ntary step for the comprehention of the ecosystem function and the impact of urbanization, spec 
he ecosystem function and the impact of urbanization, specially in the developed contries. amon 
13778 19  that are necessary for quantifying the carbon flux through this part of the pelagic community  
n flux through this part of the pelagic community are lacking. the aim is to study energetics o 
s to study energetics of key gelatinous zooplankton species with special attention to assimilat 
h special attention to assimilation and production. by applying laboratory determined carbon bu 
tion. by applying laboratory determined carbon budgets and vital rates to data on abundance, si 
rbon budgets and vital rates to data on abundance, size and growth in the field, to the project 
al rates to data on abundance, size and growth in the field, to the project will evaluate both  
e project will evaluate both direct and indirect effects of predation by gelatinous species in  
ate both direct and indirect effects of predation by gelatinous species in coastal waters. the  
ill be the gullmar fjord, west coast of sweden, but the bioenergetic information obtained is ge 
other trophic levels including vertical distribution during blooms. in the laboratory we will c 
es. in controlled experiments, feeding, growth, doc release, assimilation and respiration of th 
, growth, doc release, assimilation and respiration of the dominant gelatinous predators will b 
 respiration of the dominant gelatinous predators will be measured in relation to prey abundanc 
rs will be measured in relation to prey abundance and prey species. the project will contribute 
te considerable to our understanding of predation and cascading effects of gelatinous predators 
ion and cascading effects of gelatinous predators in general. most likely it will change our cu 
urrent view of the effect of gelatinous predators since their role in the ecosystem has been se 
inous predators since their role in the ecosystem has been severely underestimated until now.  
12371 2 director, malsf science coordinator and policy colleagues, forming a central point of a team ma 
commission important areas of research; monitoring existing work and evaluating completed proje 
7619 6  and strategies using the plant for the management of soil erosion. the french association of b 
s using the plant for the management of soil erosion. the french association of biological engi 
ation of biological engineering for the management of soil erosion. french position this associ 
gical engineering for the management of soil erosion. french position this association with a e 
iversal use of plant technology for the management of soil erosion  
 plant technology for the management of soil erosion  
7426 3      for septoria, predominantly foliar disease of wheat, varietal resistances available are pa 
le. for the sake of reducing the use of pesticides, the effectiveness of a combination of varie 
by rain and level of culture components resistance  
13941 2  biosynthetic pathways leading to their production and dissect the genetics of pheromone differ 
unt for differences in female pheromone production between the e and z pheromone strains.  
14699 8 e to host plants make them an excellent indicators for environmental changes, both those relate 
onmental changes, both those related to environment destruction and to higher relevance alterat 
to higher relevance alterations such as global warming. nevertheless, no systematic compilation 
stematic compilation of burnets species distribution has been made within the spanish territory 
gical collections references of burnets distribution in the iberian peninsula and balearic isla 
ent morphometry studies. - to conform a distribution atlas of all burnets species. - according  
ic models of this insect group and also phenology, ecology and establish the basics for their p 
f this insect group and also phenology, ecology and establish the basics for their preservation 
6757 3 ression of several bacterial phenotypic traits including virulence factors. investigations on t 
investigations on the global regulatory function of leux, rfah, reca and rpos loci of extra int 
pable to evoke protective immunity. the behavior of wild type strains, their mutants and transc 
10191 12  they respond antagonistically with the production of extracellular enzymes, and volatile and d 
n mycelium and culture substratum. many invertebrates are highly attracted to these mycelial in 
n regions between mycelia of wood decay fungi, and collembola are attracted to, and preferentia 
celia growing from woody resources into soil. the dearth of information available on these inte 
at the chemical attractants are, or why invertebrates are attracted. we assume that the inverte 
rates are attracted. we assume that the invertebrates are provided with a highly nutritious foo 
ever the reasons it is obvious that the ecology of both organisms is dramatically affected. thi 
ll also aid the understanding of fungal community development and soil invertebrate population  
d the understanding of fungal community development and soil invertebrate population biology. s 
ing of fungal community development and soil invertebrate population biology. such knowledge pr 
es an essential pointer to the possible biocontrol of some invertebrate forest pests. the work  
ossible biocontrol of some invertebrate forest pests. the work will be performed under the dire 
12652 2                                         policy and operational responsibility for non-native sp 
e project will comprise a comprehensive assessment of governmental organisations to identify an 
11040 1 urements that tell us about the rate of climate change and its effects. our work will increase  
10002 27                         determining the distribution and abundance of life is challenging, espe 
       determining the distribution and abundance of life is challenging, especially in the dee 
rth s surface is nonetheless covered by water 2000 m deep. life in these abyssal regions direct 
gions directly influences the burial of carbon and nutrient cycling. long-term research has now 
tly influences the burial of carbon and nutrient cycling. long-term research has now shown that 
ger animals in the deep sea can vary in density by orders of magnitude, with concurrent changes 
ude, with concurrent changes in average body size, over periods as short as months. these varia 
ons are widely believed to be linked to climate-driven variation in the food supply to the deep 
food supply to the deep sea. similarly, biogeography studies have found that over distances app 
stances approaching 100 km or more, the abundance of deep-sea life is related to surface produc 
 of deep-sea life is related to surface productivity in the waters above. thus the deep sea cou 
hat alter surface ocean conditions like climate change, fishery activity, or ocean iron fertili 
an increase in the understanding of how climate and surface processes affect deep-sea communiti 
mited by sampling error from undetected habitat heterogeneity and sediment mixing indicators me 
om undetected habitat heterogeneity and sediment mixing indicators measured in oceans2025 and o 
bitat heterogeneity and sediment mixing indicators measured in oceans2025 and other nocs projec 
ns2025 and other nocs projects, and the abundance and size measures collected here to create ma 
asures collected here to create maps of ecological function. this will show how factors such as 
 factors such as hills, food supply, or community composition relate spatially to respiration a 
mmunity composition relate spatially to respiration and sediment mixing. that knowledge will pr 
ion relate spatially to respiration and sediment mixing. that knowledge will provide important  
t into how spatially pervasive temporal climate change impacts might be, a significant input fo 
ially pervasive temporal climate change impacts might be, a significant input for ecosystem and 
pacts might be, a significant input for ecosystem and carbon budget modelling. our effort will  
, a significant input for ecosystem and carbon budget modelling. our effort will also have impa 
t input for ecosystem and carbon budget modelling. our effort will also have impacts on future  
et modelling. our effort will also have impacts on future national survey capability and the ab 
13501 29                          processes like grazing and productivity influence autotroph species ri 
             processes like grazing and productivity influence autotroph species richness. graz 
ng and productivity influence autotroph species richness. grazing may reduce plant species rich 
y influence autotroph species richness. grazing may reduce plant species richness through the l 
cies richness. grazing may reduce plant species richness through the loss of rare species, but  
the loss of rare species, but increases richness if preferred food plants are competitively dom 
conceptual models predict a reversal of grazing effects on plant species richness between nutri 
 a reversal of grazing effects on plant species richness between nutrient-poor and nutrient-ric 
between nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich ecosystems, since nutrients increase the ability of pla 
oor and nutrient-rich ecosystems, since nutrients increase the ability of plants to compensate  
the ability of plants to compensate for grazing. high grazing pressure leads to increased speci 
 plants to compensate for grazing. high grazing pressure leads to increased species richness in 
igh grazing pressure leads to increased species richness in nutrient-rich ecosystems, but to de 
eased species richness in nutrient-rich ecosystems, but to decreased species richness in nutrie 
rient-rich ecosystems, but to decreased species richness in nutrient poor ecosystems. peak rich 
eased species richness in nutrient poor ecosystems. peak richness is thus expected to shift fro 
hness in nutrient poor ecosystems. peak richness is thus expected to shift from low to high nut 
ow to high nutrient supply depending on grazing pressure. additionally, higher irradiance may h 
r irradiance may help plants counteract grazing pressure. thus, the interacting effects of cons 
he interacting effects of consumers and nutrients on species richness might be stronger at high 
g effects of consumers and nutrients on species richness might be stronger at high light intens 
es. i will perform a field survey of 30 streams that differ in nutrient status, irradiance and  
ffer in nutrient status, irradiance and grazing pressure to test the predictions about the role 
oles of nutrient status, irradiance and grazing in determining periphyton species richness. thi 
, irradiance and grazing in determining periphyton species richness. this proposal unites the d 
e and grazing in determining periphyton species richness. this proposal unites the determinatio 
is proposal unites the determination of biodiversity, the role of nutrient state in ecosystems, 
iversity, the role of nutrient state in ecosystems, and the relative importance of bottom-up an 
ttom-up and top-down forces in food-web ecology.  
12608 2  which aims to protect and enhance peat soils by reducing the volume of peat used by the hortic 
defra has a target of 90% for the total soil improver and growing media market to be peat-free  
15370 10                                     the evolution of avian cavity nesting has been presumably f 
 conditions in order to optimize embryo development and nestling growth during nesting as well  
ptimize embryo development and nestling growth during nesting as well as through the reduction  
ing as well as through the reduction of predation risk of nest contents. however, avian nests i 
l as through the reduction of predation risk of nest contents. however, avian nests in general, 
te also an ideal microecosystem for the development of a diverse community of potentially patho 
system for the development of a diverse community of potentially pathogenic organisms . we expe 
to obtain a better understanding of the evolution and ecology of avian cavity nesting and of ho 
tter understanding of the evolution and ecology of avian cavity nesting and of host-parasite as 
mifications which can be applied to the conservation of threatened species.  
2121 8                                         global change is expected to result in changes in the m 
ental changes, and in which demographic traits those responses will be observed. these hypothes 
ved. these hypotheses will be tested in birds using two approaches, analysis of demographic tim 
d from long-term studies of demographic traits and population sizes of seabirds, which are comp 
 characters that have been performed on birds. both approaches are carried out in a phylogeneti 
h will enable us to separate effects of climate, geography, taxonomy and life history.  
separate effects of climate, geography, taxonomy and life history.  
cts of climate, geography, taxonomy and life history.  
10285 7     one of the most important issues in climate policy over the next few years will be the choi 
of the most important issues in climate policy over the next few years will be the choice of ap 
sion reductions to play a major role in climate mitigation policy. the research will contribute 
uctions to play a major role in climate mitigation policy. the research will contribute useful  
play a major role in climate mitigation policy. the research will contribute useful information 
rize winning intergovernmental panel on climate change. it will be accompanied by a 2-way inter 
-way interaction with defra to maximise policy relevance of project plans and outputs. members  
14784 16                               intensive agriculture practices are directly related, especially  
are directly related, especially in the mediterranean area, with the high rate of mineralizatio 
 the high rate of mineralization of the soil organic matter, with the consequent decrease of th 
er, with the consequent decrease of the soil fertility and productive capacity. in addition, in 
ave caused a sensible diminution in the soil biodiversity, because of the tillage systems and t 
e of the tillage systems and the use of pesticides. the study of the quantity and the quality o 
 of the quantity and the quality of the soil organic matter, as well as of the soil biochemical 
 soil organic matter, as well as of the soil biochemical activity, is essential to understand t 
mical and biological characteristics of soil, and the relation with short and long-term product 
d the relation with short and long-term productivity functions in the agroecosystem 4. construc 
long-term productivity functions in the agroecosystem 4. construction of a soil bacterial genet 
 the agroecosystem 4. construction of a soil bacterial genetic library, indicative of the diffe 
ultural managements, able to be used as indicator of agricultural sustainability in soils in ol 
to be used as indicator of agricultural sustainability in soils in olive agroecosystems.  
cator of agricultural sustainability in soils in olive agroecosystems.  
ltural sustainability in soils in olive agroecosystems.  
11743 5                                     the diversity of bacteria in natural populations of a commu 
                       the diversity of bacteria in natural populations of a community of aphid 
of bacteria in natural populations of a community of aphids is an important factor shaping the  
ant factor shaping the structure of the microbial community in aphids, then the microbiota in d 
 species sharing the same host plant or parasitoid is predicted to be more similar than expecte 
14511 1 populations as well as the influence of heavy metals on the eel susceptibility to infections, a 
12463 7  of species and size composition 2. the development of indicators of discard issues 3. an analy 
 size composition 2. the development of indicators of discard issues 3. an analysis of the fact 
erstand how discarding is part of their fishing strategy 5. based on all previous steps, the el 
ous steps, the elaboration of potential mitigation measures. key customer purpose: in the eu th 
is key if we are to develop operational indicators and propose mitigation tools for fisheries m 
elop operational indicators and propose mitigation tools for fisheries management.  
cators and propose mitigation tools for fisheries management.  
15153 16 incorporated to the mainstream of plant community ecology in the last decades, and since then t 
the most thoughtful lines of inquire on facilitation is the investigation of its ecological and 
its ecological and evolutionary role in community assembly in arid and semi-arid climates. cons 
regional species pool. in this context, facilitation, which ameliorates the abiotic conditions  
 proposed as a fundamental mechanism of community assembly and biodiversity conservation. in co 
tal mechanism of community assembly and biodiversity conservation. in contemporary communities  
ry communities of desert, arid or harsh mediterranean type climates, the regeneration niche of  
 plant lianaeges, adapted to more mesic climate in the past, would be preserved through facilit 
in the past, would be preserved through facilitation, a process giving rise to facilitation net 
 facilitation, a process giving rise to facilitation networks highly resistant to species extin 
on networks highly resistant to species extinction. the main objective of this project is to te 
oject is to test this hypothesis in the mediterranean region. this geographic area is particula 
istory that has contributed to the vast biodiversity of the region and, second, facilitation se 
biodiversity of the region and, second, facilitation seems to operate as fundamental mechanism  
enaean environments to provide keys for conservation of some communities of south-east of spain 
on of some communities of south-east of spain.  
400 34                                         biodiversity is indispensable to ecosystem production o 
       biodiversity is indispensable to ecosystem production of goods and services and provides 
diversity is indispensable to ecosystem production of goods and services and provides the basis 
and services and provides the basis for marine fisheries, recreation and tourism. biodiversity  
vices and provides the basis for marine fisheries, recreation and tourism. biodiversity managem 
rovides the basis for marine fisheries, recreation and tourism. biodiversity management has thu 
is for marine fisheries, recreation and tourism. biodiversity management has thus far mostly fo 
rine fisheries, recreation and tourism. biodiversity management has thus far mostly focused on  
s, recreation and tourism. biodiversity management has thus far mostly focused on species-level 
hus far mostly focused on species-level biodiversity, but new research suggests genetic biodive 
sity, but new research suggests genetic biodiversity is equally important. this seems particula 
articularly likely for the species-poor baltic sea in which populations of key ecosystem specie 
 baltic sea in which populations of key ecosystem species are known to be genetically unique in 
 baltgene project will identify and map baltic sea genetic biodiversity and experimentally test 
ill identify and map baltic sea genetic biodiversity and experimentally test its importance to  
s importance to the functioning and the resilience of the ecosystem. baltgene will also assess  
e functioning and the resilience of the ecosystem. baltgene will also assess the potential thre 
ess the potential threats to the unique diversity from fisheries, climate changes, aquaculture  
al threats to the unique diversity from fisheries, climate changes, aquaculture activities and  
to the unique diversity from fisheries, climate changes, aquaculture activities and habitat los 
ersity from fisheries, climate changes, aquaculture activities and habitat loss. fisheriesinduc 
ate changes, aquaculture activities and habitat loss. fisheriesinduced selection is a serious t 
serious threat that might lead to lower fish production if management does not take the demogra 
us threat that might lead to lower fish production if management does not take the demographic  
 might lead to lower fish production if management does not take the demographic and genetic st 
he demographic and genetic structure of fish populations into account. genetic biodiversity is  
 fish populations into account. genetic biodiversity is directly proportional to the capacity o 
nd if, baltic organisms will respond to scenarios of decreased salinity and changed oceanic cur 
 will respond to scenarios of decreased salinity and changed oceanic currents. baltgene will al 
. baltgene will also assess how current governance structure, policies and laws affect key gene 
e, policies and laws affect key genetic biodiversity, and following this, investigate possible  
ossible new ways to incorporate genetic biodiversity information into an ecosystem-based manage 
enetic biodiversity information into an ecosystem-based management of the baltic sea.  
to an ecosystem-based management of the baltic sea.  
14113 3 mation sharing and discussion about the baltic sea environment. the project aims to raise envir 
ing and discussion about the baltic sea environment. the project aims to raise environmental aw 
eanow.info project establishes a common baltic sea web portal with focus on interactive and par 
15214 2  second phase we shall develop that dna taxonomy of selected taxa, by completing the initial re 
ing the foundations for a new objective taxonomy free of subjective decisions. simultaneously,  
7572 3 majus snapdragon, a species widely used model in horticulture. in the pyrenees, has. majus is r 
rtunity to build on the gains made on a model species for understanding evolutionary processes  
 evolutionary processes responsible for biodiversity  
14482 1 orphofunctional transformation onto the phylogeny.  
12595 21 earer understanding of the potential uk biodiversity benefits that might arise from the propose 
 peat for horticulture. the governments biodiversity action plan . the lowland raised bog hap h 
sfully reached. it is important for our biodiversity because slightly less than half of the pea 
 have potential benefits for a range of ecosystem services such as carbon capture and other gov 
r a range of ecosystem services such as carbon capture and other government requirements such a 
target will have for lowland raised bog biodiversity. the project will also consider what other 
at reduction target aims to benefit bog biodiversity by reducing or even eliminating peat extra 
 out peat changes the bog structure and hydrology and kills off the existing plants and animals 
lity of the post-extractive surface for restoration. it is also important to understand that ea 
peat extraction may have on the world's biodiversity. the project looks in detail at where peat 
nd will have in the future on bog-based biodiversity. it will be quantified by reference to sit 
eas, peat volumes and the timescales of planning consents for extraction, as far as they are kn 
fects of these activities on future bog hydrology. the scope for amelioration of the potential  
by reference to a number of alternative scenarios. peat extraction has been curtailed on a numb 
the project will document the gains for biodiversity arising from these examples. it will also  
itiatives around the country adopting a landscape-scale approach to wetland conservation such a 
around the country adopting a landscape-scale approach to wetland conservation such as the manc 
 adopting a landscape-scale approach to wetland conservation such as the manchester mosslands.  
g a landscape-scale approach to wetland conservation such as the manchester mosslands. this wil 
evaluate the contribution of raised bog conservation in the past and the effect further peat ex 
employment can be mitigated through the development of peat alternatives.  
10461 1 this very important area of statistical ecology.  
10281 8  the coastal zone are increasing due to global warming, with sea-level expected to rise by 0.5  
orminess is expected to enhance coastal erosion. in england alone, the management of flood and  
 coastal erosion. in england alone, the management of flood and coastal erosion risk costs £600 
ne, the management of flood and coastal erosion risk costs £600 million per year, a figure that 
management of flood and coastal erosion risk costs £600 million per year, a figure that is expe 
 as the best form of protection against erosion as they form a natural buffer against incoming  
 a natural buffer against incoming wave energy, hence the popularity of beach nourishment . our 
re made in our ability to predict beach erosion and accretion. the results will be published in 
6753 5                                    beef production mostly for export purposes was very importan 
. hungary is going to join the european community. when eu member is beef cattle breeding will  
osition among the different branches of agriculture. for the development of beef cattle breedin 
ferent branches of agriculture. for the development of beef cattle breeding methods research ha 
 of the project is to contribute to the development by his new results.  
15563 26 o develop recommendations on innovative management, conservation and governance strategies for  
commendations on innovative management, conservation and governance strategies for beech forest 
innovative management, conservation and governance strategies for beech forests. to meet this c 
ion and governance strategies for beech forests. to meet this complex objective, wp3 is going t 
, wp3 is going to initiate an iterative evaluation process with participation of political and  
te an iterative evaluation process with participation of political and scientific stakeholders, 
rticipation of political and scientific stakeholders, which will produce, inter alia, a compreh 
ll produce, inter alia, a comprehensive policy paper as well as interdisciplinary scientific pu 
ll goal of the project is to incite the policy-science-interface by involving politics and poli 
nce-interface by involving politics and policy related institutions, scientists and practitione 
y involving politics and policy related institutions, scientists and practitioners during the w 
n, which will be conducted with diverse stakeholders and experts at the beginning and towards t 
s in the following research fields: the ecology of beech forests and their conservation under c 
g research fields: the ecology of beech forests and their conservation under changing climatic  
 the ecology of beech forests and their conservation under changing climatic conditions, multi- 
anging climatic conditions, multi-level governance of beech forests in europe, and valuation an 
itions, multi-level governance of beech forests in europe, and valuation and marketing of the e 
ti-level governance of beech forests in europe, and valuation and marketing of the environmenta 
ernance of beech forests in europe, and valuation and marketing of the environmental services b 
ope, and valuation and marketing of the environmental services beech forests can provide. the r 
ing of the environmental services beech forests can provide. the results will be used to create 
uation as well as to develop innovative management, conservation and governance strategies to e 
ll as to develop innovative management, conservation and governance strategies to ensure the su 
innovative management, conservation and governance strategies to ensure the survival of beech f 
ategies to ensure the survival of beech forests and associated biodiversity for future generati 
urvival of beech forests and associated biodiversity for future generations.  
13482 25         through individual interactions zooplankton contribute to the energy flow in pelagic fo 
eractions zooplankton contribute to the energy flow in pelagic food webs and to the downward fl 
ontribute to the energy flow in pelagic food webs and to the downward flux of organic matter. b 
c food webs and to the downward flux of organic matter. behavior and sensory functions of zoopl 
to the downward flux of organic matter. behavior and sensory functions of zooplankton thus play 
tter. behavior and sensory functions of zooplankton thus play fundamental roles for structuring 
oles for structuring and functioning of marine pelagic ecosystems. despite that motility has la 
uring and functioning of marine pelagic ecosystems. despite that motility has large consequence 
hat motility has large consequences for growth and predation risk and that it can be altered in 
y has large consequences for growth and predation risk and that it can be altered instantaneous 
e consequences for growth and predation risk and that it can be altered instantaneously and con 
sly, there are few quantitative data on zooplankton behavioral plasticity, and the optimality a 
ptimality and adaptive value of plastic behavior is rarely considered in model studies. here we 
lastic behavior is rarely considered in model studies. here we aim at quantifying the degree of 
odels and experiments. we will quantify behavior and behavioral plasticity in response to cues  
asticity in response to cues related to predators, prey and the environment considering both ch 
cues related to predators, prey and the environment considering both chemical and hydrodynamic  
ydrodynamic signals. by combining small-scale process-models and dynamic programming we will ex 
ies, including flexibility, for various scenarios. an increased understanding of zooplankton sm 
cenarios. an increased understanding of zooplankton small scale behavioral processes is needed  
ased understanding of zooplankton small scale behavioral processes is needed for a comprehensiv 
 comprehensive understanding of pelagic ecosystems and their biodiversity, and necessary if we  
tanding of pelagic ecosystems and their biodiversity, and necessary if we are to manage marine  
sity, and necessary if we are to manage marine resources wisely while confronted with climate c 
 resources wisely while confronted with climate change and increased maritime activities.  
15487 8                                    nest predation and inter-specific brood parasitism are mayor 
led breeding behaviour and life-history traits in birds. recently, it has been suggested that,  
ng behaviour and life-history traits in birds. recently, it has been suggested that, apart from 
sted that, apart from lethal effects of predation, the modification of behaviour to reduce pred 
the modification of behaviour to reduce predation risk to quantify the effects of predation and 
cation of behaviour to reduce predation risk to quantify the effects of predation and brood par 
edation risk to quantify the effects of predation and brood parasitism risk on reproductive suc 
fects of predation and brood parasitism risk on reproductive success and survival as fitness es 
10599 9 nd in a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cu 
a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cuckoos  
e of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cuckoos occur in th 
 known examples of cuckoos occur in the birds. here a cuckoo lays a single egg in a host s nest 
w know that at least in some species of ants, social wasps and social bees the adults can detec 
pecies of ants, social wasps and social bees the adults can detect chemical differences between 
derstanding which chemicals are used by insects to communicate information is an important fiel 
udy the chemical communication world of insects. this is because the cuckoos have learnt exploi 
lp us control, conserve and utilise the insects, one of the most successful groups of animals o 
9972 9 nd in a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cu 
a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cuckoos  
e of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cuckoos occur in th 
 known examples of cuckoos occur in the birds. here a cuckoo lays a single egg in a host s nest 
w know that at least in some species of ants, social wasps and social bees the adults can detec 
pecies of ants, social wasps and social bees the adults can detect chemical differences between 
derstanding which chemicals are used by insects to communicate information is an important fiel 
udy the chemical communication world of insects. this is because the cuckoos have learnt exploi 
lp us control, conserve and utilise the insects, one of the most successful groups of animals o 
2053 2                                    most birds are classified as socially monogamous, yet they f 
haviour to assess its influence on male fertilization success.  
14152 20                                         production of stress hormones in response to variety of 
                          production of stress hormones in response to variety of stressors may 
r, relatively little is known about the development of physiological and behavioural stress res 
opment of physiological and behavioural stress responses in developing young of wild birds. thu 
s responses in developing young of wild birds. thus to understand the adaptiveness of stress re 
 thus to understand the adaptiveness of stress responses and their effects on offspring quality 
his project, we plan to investigate the development of behavioural and adrenocortical stress re 
pment of behavioural and adrenocortical stress responses, its environment-dependent variability 
nd adrenocortical stress responses, its environment-dependent variability and extended effects  
 and extended effects on physiology and growth of the young in altricial birds. using experimen 
gy and growth of the young in altricial birds. using experimental and correlative methods, we w 
test the following hypotheses: repeated stress influences nestlings’ immune function, growth an 
ted stress influences nestlings’ immune function, growth and post-fledging mortality. the resul 
 influences nestlings’ immune function, growth and post-fledging mortality. the results of the  
mune function, growth and post-fledging mortality. the results of the project can be of general 
chanisms of developmental plasticity of stress responses and helping us to understand the role  
g us to understand the role of repeated stress on different aspects of offspring development an 
tress on different aspects of offspring development and subsequent fitness. this project can al 
 also provide practical implications to conservation biologists regarding a link between the ma 
s regarding a link between the maternal stress and offspring subsequent quality.  
13503 15 onnections between these behaviours and growth rates in a common environment, and physiological 
behaviours and growth rates in a common environment, and physiological stress response, will be 
a common environment, and physiological stress response, will be studied. the perch has lately  
reasing interest as a novel species for fish farming. performance in culture is assumed to be c 
 is assumed to be connected with innate traits in individual fish, which has been found in salm 
nected with innate traits in individual fish, which has been found in salmonid fishes. the know 
almonid fishes. the knowledge about the development of individual traits and differences betwee 
dge about the development of individual traits and differences between populations in growth pe 
 and differences between populations in growth performance and stress levels is important for t 
n populations in growth performance and stress levels is important for the selection of perch s 
for farming, both regarding welfare and production issues. whether differences in behaviour and 
s. whether differences in behaviour and growth, already found between individual perch, are inh 
m experiments by comparing boldness and growth in fish from different populations raised in the 
nts by comparing boldness and growth in fish from different populations raised in the same envi 
ifferent populations raised in the same environment, and by investigating the consistency of be 
11602 9 boratory, to investigate the year round energy expenditure of a top predator of the southern oc 
 year round energy expenditure of a top predator of the southern ocean, the king penguin. the s 
otential usefulness of king penguins as indicators of fluctuations in biological resources and  
luctuations in biological resources and climate, thus providing important information for the m 
providing important information for the management of marine resources in the southern ocean. t 
rtant information for the management of marine resources in the southern ocean. the study will  
al aspects of the foraging behaviour of marine birds and contribute to our understanding on how 
cts of the foraging behaviour of marine birds and contribute to our understanding on how these  
ibute to our understanding on how these birds are able to forage underwater for such long durat 
14717 11 ontroversial. understanding the role of behavior on diversification processes requires the inte 
on behaviour, functional morphology and ecology within a phylogenetic framework, so one can und 
erstand how animals interact with their environment and then test how behavioral shifts affects 
ive approach to investigate the role of behavior on processes of adaptive diversification in bi 
rocesses of adaptive diversification in birds. we will use a three-levels approach. first, we w 
esses are also affected by differential extinction rates and behavioural flexibility has been h 
ty has been hypothetised to reduce this risk, we will also test whether or not flexible clades  
r not flexible clades are less prone to extinction when facing environmental changes. second, b 
 analyses using one of the most diverse birds taxa, the order columbiformes despite behavioral  
nts there is selection on morphological traits. the integration of these three levels of study  
tested hypothesis that behaviour drives evolution.  
14974 12    confronted with alterations in their environment, animals can avoid extinction through the d 
in their environment, animals can avoid extinction through the development of behavioural adjus 
nimals can avoid extinction through the development of behavioural adjustments. a growing body  
ources or to develop responses to novel predators. despite the progress, there are two major qu 
 insufficiently understood: what is the function of learning in the relationship of animals wit 
 the relationship of animals with their environment and as species model to test experimentally 
s with their environment and as species model to test experimentally whether learning helps ind 
to survive under conditions of foraging stress. second, we will use a comparative approach to e 
explore how behaviour flexibility helps birds and mammals respond environmental threats such as 
s respond environmental threats such as habitat destruction or climate change. using this two-l 
 threats such as habitat destruction or climate change. using this two-level approach, we hope  
which animals respond to changes in the environment, which hopefully will increase our power to 
14278 4                             the belgian biodiversity platform is an initiative of the belgian s 
is an initiative of the belgian science policy. it is an integrated network of members posted i 
posted in federal and regional research institutions. * promoting belgian biodiversity research 
earch institutions. * promoting belgian biodiversity research at international fora.  
14338 1 to integrate findings on microbial taxa distribution with results from ambio. 7. to obtain a fi 
14329 12 workshops covering different aspects of ecosystems services research. the workshops are in engl 
ct on es. through which mechanisms does biodiversity promote es, what are the most crucial aspe 
ost crucial aspects and how to evaluate biodiversity in the es-context the fourth workshop deal 
-context the fourth workshop deals with valuation methods for es. which methods are most suitab 
ith spatial and temporal aspects in the valuation of es how do we value biodiversity and the op 
 in the valuation of es how do we value biodiversity and the option value of potential es the f 
o other nations. what is the impact and sustainability of these es-flows the sixth workshop aim 
bridge the gaps between es-research and policy development. what research is needed and for wha 
the gaps between es-research and policy development. what research is needed and for what polic 
t. what research is needed and for what policy how can es contribute to reaching various policy 
w can es contribute to reaching various policy objectives and challenges which institutional, e 
lement the es-concepts in the different policy domains   
14304 3 ltiannual scientific support plan for a sustainable development policy ' spsd ii ' part 
port plan for a sustainable development policy ' spsd ii ' part 3: supporting actions&# 
ons' of the belgian federal science policy.  
2212 9  this project is to address and analyze adaptive management of fish and game resources from a w 
ress and analyze adaptive management of fish and game resources from a welfare economic point o 
the social, or economic, and ecological environment. our main objectives are to: • increase the 
t forward a framework for welfare based management of fish and game resources. • empirically as 
amework for welfare based management of fish and game resources. • empirically assess benefits  
mpirically assess benefits and costs of fish and game resources, and use this as inputs in dyna 
rces, and use this as inputs in dynamic management models. • enhance knowledge about the effici 
fferent regulation schemes, under stock uncertainty, taking into account the physical character 
timal and or cost efficient regulations/incentives schemes may be designed.  
12718 2 tion that sssis make to the delivery of ecosystem goods and services both on the site and withi 
ite and within the context of the wider landscape.  
11319 5                                 benthic biodiversity of seamounts in the southwest indian ocean 
t indian ocean seamounts are centres of biological diversity and are ecological hotspots in the 
 the high seas. detailed information on fishing effort at the study sites, available through in 
nformation against which the process of recovery following cessation of fisheries can be assess 
cess of recovery following cessation of fisheries can be assessed.  
11320 5                                 benthic biodiversity of seamounts in the southwest indian ocean 
t indian ocean seamounts are centres of biological diversity and are ecological hotspots in the 
 the high seas. detailed information on fishing effort at the study sites, available through in 
nformation against which the process of recovery following cessation of fisheries can be assess 
cess of recovery following cessation of fisheries can be assessed.  
11585 5                                 benthic biodiversity of seamounts in the southwest indian ocean 
t indian ocean seamounts are centres of biological diversity and are ecological hotspots in the 
 the high seas. detailed information on fishing effort at the study sites, available through in 
nformation against which the process of recovery following cessation of fisheries can be assess 
cess of recovery following cessation of fisheries can be assessed.  
10200 4 biostratigraphic and palaeoceanographic indicators, and test the idea of using morphogroups to  
morphogroups to provide a proxy for the oxygen content of deep water. this study will serve as  
 a proxy for the oxygen content of deep water. this study will serve as a baseline for understa 
rve as a baseline for understanding the diversity and origin of polar dwaf, and provide essenti 
2476 17 s a basis for the selection and further development of benthic indicator organisms for the moni 
tion and further development of benthic indicator organisms for the monitoring of contaminants  
 of benthic indicator organisms for the monitoring of contaminants and biodiversity in the bare 
 for the monitoring of contaminants and biodiversity in the barents sea. these will be complime 
 endpoints and contaminants in selected indicator organisms. a secondary objective will be to e 
posure and effects for pahs in selected indicators. biodiversity indicators will be developed b 
ffects for pahs in selected indicators. biodiversity indicators will be developed by applying a 
hs in selected indicators. biodiversity indicators will be developed by applying a number of cl 
recent trends in newly acquired benthic biodiversity data sets of the barents sea. the results  
entific basis for proposing appropriate indicators and to establish a baseline that is unrelate 
seas are relevant for adapting on-going monitoring programs to the barents sea. these findings  
xt of a changing barents sea, examining climate-related ecosystem changes and petroleum industr 
 barents sea, examining climate-related ecosystem changes and petroleum industry activities in  
ture changes may affect the validity of indicators developed for the present day barents sea. i 
y, ecobar will achieve a set of benthic indicators with maximum flexibility and validity for as 
ed research projects on the barents sea ecosystem which are led by or have significant particip 
em which are led by or have significant participation by scientists from ecobar.  
10744 9 osed for surficial sediments across the oxygen minimum zone on the pakistan margin. a quantitat 
l processes. objectives are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon,  
are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon, b redox status and fluxe 
reon, b redox status and fluxes of doc, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om  
c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will 
he results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om 
the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om distributions, and will 
of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om distributions, and will yield im 
hemistry and om distributions, and will yield improved diagenetic process models.  
11255 9 osed for surficial sediments across the oxygen minimum zone on the pakistan margin. a quantitat 
l processes. objectives are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon,  
are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon, b redox status and fluxe 
reon, b redox status and fluxes of doc, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om  
c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will 
he results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om 
the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om distributions, and will 
of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om distributions, and will yield im 
hemistry and om distributions, and will yield improved diagenetic process models.  
11259 9 osed for surficial sediments across the oxygen minimum zone on the pakistan margin. a quantitat 
l processes. objectives are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon,  
are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon, b redox status and fluxe 
reon, b redox status and fluxes of doc, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om  
c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will 
he results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om 
the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om distributions, and will 
of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om distributions, and will yield im 
hemistry and om distributions, and will yield improved diagenetic process models.  
11356 9 osed for surficial sediments across the oxygen minimum zone on the pakistan margin. a quantitat 
l processes. objectives are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon,  
are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon, c redox status and fluxe 
reon, c redox status and fluxes of doc, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om  
c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will 
he results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om 
the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om distributions, and will 
of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om distributions, and will yield im 
hemistry and om distributions, and will yield improved diagenetic process models.  
10450 4                iron is essential to the growth of marine micro-organisms, and when concentratio 
     iron is essential to the growth of marine micro-organisms, and when concentrations are low 
vide a time-frame for the dispersion of water and fate of iron in the water.  
ersion of water and fate of iron in the water.  
12606 12   the overall aim of this project is to review recent research on practices for managing soil o 
cent research on practices for managing soil organic matter and lowland' agriculture in england 
naging soil organic matter and lowland' agriculture in england, taking into account variations  
land, taking into account variations in soil type, agricultural systems and cropping/land use.  
type, agricultural systems and cropping/land use. any potential negative environmental and econ 
ial negative environmental and economic impacts of each practice identified will also be consid 
ighlighted. additionally, the potential carbon storage achievable with each management option w 
ial carbon storage achievable with each management option will be quantified and contextualised 
extualised in relation to benchmark som management ranges or envelopes of normality for differe 
or envelopes of normality for different soil/land use and rainfall areas. as well as identifyin 
velopes of normality for different soil/land use and rainfall areas. as well as identifying bes 
o current cross compliance guidance for soil management or via incentivised environmental stewa 
10988 5                                     the water framework directive the thames region held on an  
ther information portals for the ea and stakeholders; and information on the thames basin manag 
rs; and information on the thames basin management plan and linked data from the ea. outputs fr 
facilitating engagement between the ea, stakeholders and the nerc scientific community.  
a, stakeholders and the nerc scientific community.  
14297 1 he substrate of the belgian part of the north sea consists, for the vast majority, of soft bott 
11595 18                                         evolution is change over time. most people know of evol 
s change over time. most people know of evolution in terms of responses to man-made influences  
s of responses to man-made influences - bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics; industrial p 
o man-made influences - bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics; industrial pollution led to  
e resistance to antibiotics; industrial pollution led to the evolution of dark forms of the pep 
iotics; industrial pollution led to the evolution of dark forms of the peppered moth. however,  
ered moth. however, in natural systems, evolution is most rapid in genes that contribute to par 
volved in parasite infectivity and host resistance should evolve more quickly than others. this 
y than others. this theory noticed that evolution would be rapid where there was mutual antagon 
parasites must adapt to circumvent this resistance runs rapidly with the evil red queen, yet ge 
est an alternative explanation for fast evolution of parasite genes rarely examined to date: pa 
of new influenza shifting from pigs and birds into humans. it is likely that host switching by  
ce. following a host switch, the entire environment of the parasite is different, and a parasit 
 poorly. thus, there is great scope for adaptation of the parasite to its new host, and it must 
ry that host shifts drive fast parasite evolution. in the laboratory, we will produce host shif 
 its new host. we will also examine the diversity of the bacterium across host species which it 
has colonised through host switching in nature. by comparing the differences seen between bacte 
tory host shifts, we can ask if natural diversity is likely driven by the host shift events it  
14285 1 cture and dynamics of coastal and shelf ecosystems in the perspective of global changes  
7260 7 yzes the effects of the exploitation of marine ecosystem goods and services that biodiversity p 
e effects of the exploitation of marine ecosystem goods and services that biodiversity provides 
arine ecosystem goods and services that biodiversity provides to human societies. it identifies 
l number of acceptable operators by the ecosystem in a dual economic and ecological approach. h 
oach. he develops a dynamic multi-agent model using game theory and viable control theory. it o 
ers an empirical application on inshore fishing in french guiana where coordination between the 
nge for the sustainable exploitation of fish called white  
14997 6 studying the different populations from spain, as well as p. chabaudi, p. alexandri species fro 
 p. alexandri species from southesthern spain. we will also finish the study of p. perniciosus. 
c lineages of p. sergenti that exist in spain. we will perform a study of corology of phlebotom 
o observe the influence of altitude and temperature on abundance and density of phlebotomine. a 
nfluence of altitude and temperature on abundance and density of phlebotomine. also we catch sa 
titude and temperature on abundance and density of phlebotomine. also we catch sandflies in the 
14996 12 s. few data are available concernig the distribution and bio-ecology of sand flies in the balea 
able concernig the distribution and bio-ecology of sand flies in the balearic islands. the few  
man leishmaniosis indicate an irregular distribution of these protozoosis between the different 
 delimitant factor of this heterogenous distribution is the sand fly fauna. the probability of  
een the possible vectors depends on the abundance of the vector, its survival, the bite ratio,  
rs depends on the climatic factors. the temperature and the relative humidity are the climatic  
the possibility exists that extends the distribution area of the vectors, as much in latitude a 
 reason, is also tried the study of the distribution and biology of the leishmaniosois vectors  
ntioned areas. the data obtained on the distribution, density, activity period, survival, paras 
 the data obtained on the distribution, density, activity period, survival, parasitism by leish 
udies in which it is tried to carry out risk maps and epidemiological surveillance on the disea 
and epidemiological surveillance on the disease in the zones mentioned in this project.  
2472 12 ms at understanding how to bio-engineer livestock production landscapes in nicaragua, i. e. how 
rstanding how to bio-engineer livestock production landscapes in nicaragua, i. e. how to exploi 
l system that maximizes provisioning of ecosystem services and economically efficient food prod 
ervices and economically efficient food production at the farm and landscape level. we will ass 
ficient food production at the farm and landscape level. we will assess the multiple functions  
ovide in two study areas with different climate, which of these functions and services are farm 
ecies combinations can best serve multi-function sps at the farm and landscape scale, analyzing 
erve multi-function sps at the farm and landscape scale, analyzing trade-offs and synergies bet 
-function sps at the farm and landscape scale, analyzing trade-offs and synergies between funct 
the farm and landscape scale, analyzing trade-offs and synergies between functions. third, usin 
rd, using models that take into account uncertainty, we will analyze the consequences of the fa 
he provisioning of services at farm and landscape levels and make recommendations on which mech 
7249 12  of the european framework directive on water to achieve good ecological status of water bodies 
er to achieve good ecological status of water bodies means finding relevant measures variables  
ing environmental contamination and its impacts on the ecosystem. the biological indices curren 
al contamination and its impacts on the ecosystem. the biological indices currently used to def 
 temporal variability of contamination, invasive species now widely present in temperate aquati 
ich are strong diffuse contamination of urban environments. this project is part of the multi-y 
 metropolitan territory: reflections of urban development in ile de france network of r2ds. sis 
politan territory: reflections of urban development in ile de france network of r2ds. sisteo th 
oject aims to analyze the impact of the development of metropolitan paris in the suburban terri 
rritory in terms of modification of the runoff, sources of micro and ecotoxicological impact on 
 relevant tool for the link between the assessment of chemical contamination and biological res 
mination and biological response of the ecosystem adapted to high anthropogenic hydrological sy 
15342 1 t aspects of the bioacustical character diversity present on an insect group, as well as to dev 
14200 9                                     the pollution of freshwater ecosystems by potentially hazar 
                       the pollution of freshwater ecosystems by potentially hazardous chemical 
            the pollution of freshwater ecosystems by potentially hazardous chemicals is very a 
epends on their speciation and hence on water composition. therefore, the effect of natural wat 
ition. therefore, the effect of natural water parameters will be used to evaluate the effect of 
sed to evaluate the effect of dissolved organic matter on toxicity of contaminants. this invest 
investigations of the effect of natural water parameters on the chemical’s toxicity are very im 
give the scientific basis for realistic risk assessment of hazards of chemicals for aquatic eco 
ent of hazards of chemicals for aquatic ecosystems. the obtained results will provide the data  
15347 3 heir walls and mortars, as well as rock erosion and crumbling. due to the fact that some tombs  
gh humidity along the year, an abundant colonization and development of phototrophic biofilms c 
 the year, an abundant colonization and development of phototrophic biofilms can be observed wh 
12044 12 ems at the plot level would have on the biodiversity of agroecosystems at the plot and regional 
level would have on the biodiversity of agroecosystems at the plot and regional level. we will  
consequences that different scenarii of landscape evolution would have on the dynamics and pers 
es that different scenarii of landscape evolution would have on the dynamics and persistence of 
have on the dynamics and persistence of biodiversity in agroecosystems. this project is organis 
mics and persistence of biodiversity in agroecosystems. this project is organised in four compl 
whose objectives are to a determine the traits of landscapes favourable to biodiversity at the  
 the traits of landscapes favourable to biodiversity at the species and community levels; the p 
able to biodiversity at the species and community levels; the processes that underlie these lan 
vels; the processes that underlie these landscape traits not only at small temporal and spatial 
processes that underlie these landscape traits not only at small temporal and spatial scale .  
e traits not only at small temporal and spatial scale .  
12015 27                       the protection of nature imposes the twin requirements of conserving biod 
ses the twin requirements of conserving biodiversity and fostering sustainable development. to  
f conserving biodiversity and fostering sustainable development. to achieve these ends instrume 
d implemented to recognise the value of local knowledge and know-how, in order to strengthen th 
ween local communities and the specific environment that surrounds them. the growing predilecti 
ocalised products and the new status of nature as patrimony have been widely studied in recent  
ut in france, and to a lesser extent in europe, where regulatory texts are the outcome of a lon 
outh, studies of prominent products and production chains, from bourbon vanilla to millet beers 
 and local practices that aim to manage biodiversity. these issues are examined in an interdisc 
, calling upon anthropology, geography, economics, ethnobiology, ecology and legal expertise. d 
gy, geography, economics, ethnobiology, ecology and legal expertise. diverse sites and topics h 
n the object of comparative studies, in africa, south america and asia; geographical indication 
jor emerging trends: promotion of local production and specialities to spur local economic deve 
oduction and specialities to spur local economic development; taking local production and speci 
ocal economic development; taking local production and specialities into account under policies 
ies into account under policies for the conservation and recognition of local biological and cu 
nition of local biological and cultural diversity; utilisation of local production and speciali 
ultural diversity; utilisation of local production and specialities as instruments in wider pro 
 is difficult to draw up a quantitative assessment of the effects of these undertakings on soci 
gmentation; recognition of the value of ecological services; creation of original local arrange 
f local peoples patrimony and heritage. rural development and conservation of biological and cu 
ony and heritage. rural development and conservation of biological and cultural resources must  
 structures explicitly link sustainable production modes, the intrinsic and extrinsic quality o 
 identifying the elements pertaining to biodiversity management that should be taken into accou 
the elements pertaining to biodiversity management that should be taken into account when apply 
ntributed to discussion of intellectual property rights in the context of protecting local reso 
pting these tools to the specific local conservation features and challenges. all the research  
13335 16                             the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystems are majo 
       the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystems are major scientific and soci 
 of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystems are major scientific and societal challenges 
hem and providing scientific support to policy requires a coherent research framework, with coo 
 which are the relevant scales for many biodiversity issues. by networking 21 funding agencies  
odiversa2 aims to strengthen the era on biodiversity. building on the experience of the era-net 
biodiversa2 will promote a strategy for biodiversity research, in partnership with other player 
anize joint funding to better integrate biodiversity science. the objectives are to: -develop a 
e funding opportunity for transnational biodiversity research projects -play an active role in  
 the processes and interfaces to inform policy and users -prepare the establishment of a sustai 
nable, independent funding platform for biodiversity research the project has 6 workpackages. w 
k for joint calls. wp2 will analyse the landscape and cooperate with stakeholders identifying r 
nalyse the landscape and cooperate with stakeholders identifying research needs, with science-p 
dentifying research needs, with science-policy interfaces and with relevant infrastructure prog 
stainable funding platform for european biodiversity research, which will be fostered by wp4. w 
oducts. wp6 deals with coordination and management.  
13312 11 d 19 major research funding agencies in europe with significant research funding in the field o 
ch funding in the field of terrestrial, freshwater and marine biodiversity. most era-net member 
he field of terrestrial, freshwater and marine biodiversity. most era-net members are represent 
d of terrestrial, freshwater and marine biodiversity. most era-net members are represented on o 
and recommend requirements for european biodiversity research: including the convention for bio 
 research: including the convention for biological diversity . recommendations from these fora  
l research co-operation in the field of biodiversity.research funding. with the aim of contribu 
ibuting to the implementation of the eu biodiversity strategy, biodiversa will allow the fundin 
th developing vountries in the field of biodiversity research funding. in order to achieve this 
ven stages: -inventory, description and classification of biodiversity research programmes and  
tory, description and classification of biodiversity research programmes and reserach funding p 
2492 12  the survival of many mammal species in europe, with current model-based forecasts predicting h 
 mammal species in europe, with current model-based forecasts predicting high rates of extincti 
ased forecasts predicting high rates of extinction over the coming 100 years. however, such pre 
es in how species respond to changes in habitat availability. central to this problem is the ha 
ability. central to this problem is the habitat tracking hypothesis, which states that populati 
 populations will respond to changes in habitat availability by altering their distributions ac 
determine the probability and extent of climate-induced habitat tracking in european mammals. w 
obability and extent of climate-induced habitat tracking in european mammals. we will combine r 
ped ancient dna approaches with species distribution models to construct a detailed investigati 
o construct a detailed investigation of habitat tracking in nine model species in real time thr 
vestigation of habitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 year 
empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and impr 
2493 29 uch as voles and lemmings with cyclical population dynamics has taken place nearly simultaneous 
 place nearly simultaneously in much of europe in the 1990s. in northern europe population cycl 
uch of europe in the 1990s. in northern europe population cycles have typically collapsed into  
 low amplitude dynamics, while in south europe population outbreak cycles have recently emerged 
e suspected to originate from change in land use and climate, have the potential to lead to eco 
o originate from change in land use and climate, have the potential to lead to ecosystem re-org 
 climate, have the potential to lead to ecosystem re-organisation and therefore represent a cha 
therefore represent a challenge for the conservation of biodiversity. in particular, several eu 
ent a challenge for the conservation of biodiversity. in particular, several european predator  
ersity. in particular, several european predator species of high conservation concern are intim 
veral european predator species of high conservation concern are intimately linked to cyclicall 
 transmitted to other components of the food web owing to cascading indirect effects. along wit 
ents of the food web owing to cascading indirect effects. along with outstanding issues of theo 
 theoretical interest in population and food web ecology, a main objective of this project is t 
cal interest in population and food web ecology, a main objective of this project is to tackle  
this project is to tackle the corollary conservation issues. this european collaborative projec 
 across widely different eco-regions in europe; 2. that these changes have disproportionate imp 
hat these changes have disproportionate impacts on demographic parameters of predators that exp 
te impacts on demographic parameters of predators that exploit cyclically fluctuating herbivore 
act directly on population viability of predators; 4. and indirectly influence other species in 
directly influence other species in the food web through cascading effects. within the last wor 
age, we will systematically explore the conservation corollaries of the hypotheses tested that  
e hypotheses tested that pertain to the impacts of climate and land-use changes on biodiversity 
s tested that pertain to the impacts of climate and land-use changes on biodiversity and to the 
t pertain to the impacts of climate and land-use changes on biodiversity and to the conservatio 
acts of climate and land-use changes on biodiversity and to the conservation management of expl 
-use changes on biodiversity and to the conservation management of exploited and pristine ecosy 
on biodiversity and to the conservation management of exploited and pristine ecosystems in four 
on management of exploited and pristine ecosystems in four european countries.  
12676 10 . http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/themes/biodiversity/events/ao-biodiversa.asp defra and nerc ar 
rsa are to improve the co-ordination of biodiversity research between member states, to share b 
 overseas territories and international development. the mechanism for such a common call has s 
 understand and predict consequences of biodiversity changes on ecosystem functioning and servi 
consequences of biodiversity changes on ecosystem functioning and services; 2. step up assessme 
em functioning and services; 2. step up assessment of biodiversity at population, species and c 
 and services; 2. step up assessment of biodiversity at population, species and community level 
biodiversity at population, species and community level in europe and provide wide access to th 
ulation, species and community level in europe and provide wide access to this information 3. s 
scientific contribution to policies and conservation actions  
7104 19     there are two main ways of managing biodiversity in agricultural landscapes - the first is  
o main ways of managing biodiversity in agricultural landscapes - the first is to partition the 
 the space by intensifying agricultural production on part of the territory so as to release th 
territory so as to release the rest for biodiversity management. it is the policy of parks and  
as to release the rest for biodiversity management. it is the policy of parks and reserves asso 
 for biodiversity management. it is the policy of parks and reserves associated with the full d 
s and reserves associated with the full development of agriculture and tourism that was the rul 
associated with the full development of agriculture and tourism that was the rule of the sixtie 
the full development of agriculture and tourism that was the rule of the sixties to eighty in f 
. we find the spirit in devices such as wildlife fallow. it is no obviously not in any ranking. 
alance of pnr and have often taken as a model. it seems to us important to note is that the zon 
t the zonal measures for exclusion from human impacts are to be reconsidered in the banal space 
e believe, around the lethal effects of human impact on the natural environment versus environm 
 effects of human impact on the natural environment versus environmental protection hampers eco 
 protection hampers economic and social development. attempt to methodically examine different  
t situations anthropization. methods of recovery, in addition to seminars and publications stan 
e want tailored to institutional action assessment actual or potential contribution of urban ag 
ent actual or potential contribution of urban agriculture in maintaining the ecological functio 
tual or potential contribution of urban agriculture in maintaining the ecological functioning o 
516 33        there are mainly two methods for biodiversity management in agricultural landscapes: the 
are mainly two methods for biodiversity management in agricultural landscapes: the first one co 
 methods for biodiversity management in agricultural landscapes: the first one consists in divi 
onsists in dividing the area through an intensification of the agricultural production on a par 
 an intensification of the agricultural production on a part of the territory so as to liberate 
erritory so as to liberate the rest for biodiversity management. this is the politics of parks  
s to liberate the rest for biodiversity management. this is the politics of parks and reservoir 
nd reservoirs totally associated to the development of agriculture and tourism. this was the ru 
otally associated to the development of agriculture and tourism. this was the rule in france fr 
d to the development of agriculture and tourism. this was the rule in france from the sixties u 
he pnr report and have often used is as model. what we find important to highlight is that the  
mental protection strategies enter into competition with other socially important uses of the t 
ural areas versus the protection of the environment, which compromise the economic and social d 
hich compromise the economic and social development. trying to methodically examine different s 
opization within a context of worldwide competition, the evolutions of the cost of energy or th 
petition, the evolutions of the cost of energy or the acknowledgement of the greenhouse effect. 
se effect. within the context of french mediterranean agriculture, the pre-urbanization develop 
hin the context of french mediterranean agriculture, the pre-urbanization development plays an  
ench mediterranean agriculture, the pre-urbanization development plays an important role in red 
anean agriculture, the pre-urbanization development plays an important role in reducing progres 
g progressively the areas available for agriculture, in multiplying the competition for access  
ble for agriculture, in multiplying the competition for access to land resource and in favourin 
 means to evaluate the global role that agriculture plays on biodiversity, in order to keep the 
e global role that agriculture plays on biodiversity, in order to keep the possibility to make  
e is even harder to make since the term biodiversity often has a vague sense and may refer to:  
has a vague sense and may refer to: the functional diversity evaluated either by the number of  
esent in one area, or by the presence / abundance of some species / groups of species having a  
ly important role in the functioning of ecosystems or agrosystems the patrimonial biodiversity  
osystems or agrosystems the patrimonial biodiversity for which a territory has a particular res 
 are rare and endangered the emblematic biodiversity, which refers to one or several species to 
hich society is giving great importance indicators linked to these diversities such as the dive 
linked to these diversities such as the diversity of habitats or the landscape structuring of a 
uch as the diversity of habitats or the landscape structuring of a territory in t  
11505 21                                         agriculture, ecosystems, and humans have co-evolved ove 
                           agriculture, ecosystems, and humans have co-evolved over millennia i 
 all vavilov centers of crop origin and diversity. the conservation of a wide range of domestic 
nters of crop origin and diversity. the conservation of a wide range of domesticated crops and  
nge of domesticated crops and landraces ecosystem management options in centers of crop origin  
nt options in centers of crop origin 6. policy-relevant research results made available for and 
available for and tailored to different policy actors potential outcomes 1. increased benefits  
mes 1. increased benefits obtained from ecosystem services by local low-income populations thro 
ntity, and empowerment * regulating--of yield stability and resilience 2. results of trade-off  
 and empowerment * regulating--of yield stability and resilience 2. results of trade-off modeli 
nt * regulating--of yield stability and resilience 2. results of trade-off modeling and biosoci 
 and resilience 2. results of trade-off modeling and biosocial assessment of conservation strat 
lts of trade-off modeling and biosocial assessment of conservation strategies used to optimize  
ff modeling and biosocial assessment of conservation strategies used to optimize the economic u 
es used to optimize the economic use of biodiversity whilst mitigating the effects of environme 
ersity whilst mitigating the effects of environmental change 3. economic and social exchanges o 
anges of products within and beyond the watershed intensified, with fair trade and value-added  
ted by value-chain actors 4. macrolevel ecosystem management strategies adopted, involving inte 
es adopted, involving integrated andean-amazon approaches and benefit-sharing agreements with l 
ents with local communities 5. national policy frameworks developed involving dynamic ex-situ/i 
loped involving dynamic ex-situ/in-situ conservation approaches, including support for diversif 
10877 3 laboration with staff at the unep world conservation monitoring centre programme which wcmc con 
th staff at the unep world conservation monitoring centre programme which wcmc contributes. fur 
er ongoing efforts, relevant to current policy needs, and important findings are taken up by ke 
11619 5                     in all environments carbon and nutrients are recycled by organisms that dec 
         in all environments carbon and nutrients are recycled by organisms that decompose dead 
important quantitatively than others in soil biology, which may be important for understanding  
derstanding the long-term health of the soil under modern methods of farming and forestry.  
oil under modern methods of farming and forestry.  
11234 14 dresses the research issue that african drylands are fast approaching a tipping point of range  
 grazer mobility, and attendant loss of ecosystem services and of poor people s livelihoods. th 
ecosystem services and of poor people s livelihoods. the shift to an enclosed to build on local 
s. the shift to an enclosed to build on local knowledge, engaging stakeholders at all levels, t 
d to build on local knowledge, engaging stakeholders at all levels, through networking, field c 
 and a wide range of outputs pitched at policy as well as scientific audiences - to build capac 
d materials use conceptually innovative modelling, alongside major extant datasets, and a cross 
derstanding of household decisions over land use. the best partnership combines in depth experi 
l and socioecological dimensions of the ecosystems studied, advanced modelling capabilities, an 
ons of the ecosystems studied, advanced modelling capabilities, and outstanding experience in c 
eliver findings that will help evaluate policy scenarios, giving credible and relevant insight  
findings that will help evaluate policy scenarios, giving credible and relevant insight into th 
 credible and relevant insight into the ecosystem services and poverty implications of differen 
insight into the ecosystem services and poverty implications of different land tenure and nrm p 
10724 3 ental agencies to assess the health and carbon budgets of soil and freshwater environments.  
assess the health and carbon budgets of soil and freshwater environments.  
e health and carbon budgets of soil and freshwater environments.  
451 20           the project aims to study the biodiversity of maldivian coral reefs in liaison with l 
 to study the biodiversity of maldivian coral reefs in liaison with local partners. the study w 
 yet complementary angles: inventories, biogeography, preservation and training the maldives is 
s entirely on the coralline and oceanic ecosystem. the atolls, dispersed along a long latitudin 
 factors controlling the dispatching of biodiversity. marine protected areas of the republic of 
olling the dispatching of biodiversity. marine protected areas of the republic of maldives: - w 
he republic of maldives: - which is the diversity of habitats and the structure of coral commun 
oral communities encountered within the protected areas of the maldives and outside is it neces 
o increase the expanse of the protected marine areas - in what way can the specific richness of 
ne areas - in what way can the specific richness of these areas be compared to that observed in 
al what conclusions may one draw on the endemism and the evolution of marine species in the mal 
ns may one draw on the endemism and the evolution of marine species in the maldives - with the  
aw on the endemism and the evolution of marine species in the maldives - with the fishing groun 
rine species in the maldives - with the fishing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being mo 
 maldives - with the fishing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being more and more develop 
shing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being more and more developed, what is the status  
t is the status of the resource and its habitat are the essential habitats used throughout the  
xploited areas since the techniques for biodiversity inventory are not fully mastered on a loca 
in reef cartography, visual counting of fish while diving, capture and identification of larva  
ntification of larva and hatchlings and taxonomy of different groups.  
14677 6 ive of this project is to determine the diversity, distribution and space-time structure as wel 
 project is to determine the diversity, distribution and space-time structure as well as the fu 
ime structure as well as the functional stability of the microbial mats of the ebro delta . thu 
bial mats are the paradigm of a minimal ecosystem. the definition of the requirements for the s 
d persistence of organisms in a minimal ecosystem is presently essential to search for extrater 
 life and to essay the establishment of ecosystems out of the earth.  
11774 5                                         ecosystem processes and community structure are inextri 
                ecosystem processes and community structure are inextricably linked, as reveale 
ill focus specifically on the potential impacts of climate change, which has been identified as 
pecifically on the potential impacts of climate change, which has been identified as a major st 
f surveys, experiments and mathematical modelling.  
10746 16                           the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem function has been a focus of  
          the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem function has been a focus of recent research. 
on has been a focus of recent research. spatial heterogeneity is a characteristic of many ecosy 
terogeneity is a characteristic of many ecosystems, but its effects on the biodiversity-ecosyst 
many ecosystems, but its effects on the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship have not b 
. this project will examine the role of heterogeneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem 
l examine the role of heterogeneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem function using an 
geneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem function using an integrated modelling and ex 
 ecosystem function using an integrated modelling and experimental approach in an estuarine sys 
mental approach in an estuarine system. mesocosm experiments will be used to determine: the rel 
 to determine: the relationship between biomass composition and ecosystem function level within 
ionship between biomass composition and ecosystem function level within a patch. the experiment 
d to parameterise a spatial patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocos 
rameterise a spatial patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocosm exper 
odel predictions will be tested against mesocosm experiments incorporating multiple habitat pat 
cosm experiments incorporating multiple habitat patches.  
11442 16                           the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem function has been a focus of  
          the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem function has been a focus of recent research. 
on has been a focus of recent research. spatial heterogeneity is a characteristic of many ecosy 
terogeneity is a characteristic of many ecosystems, but its effects on the biodiversity-ecosyst 
many ecosystems, but its effects on the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship have not b 
. this project will examine the role of heterogeneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem 
l examine the role of heterogeneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem function using an 
geneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem function using an integrated modelling and ex 
 ecosystem function using an integrated modelling and experimental approach in an estuarine sys 
mental approach in an estuarine system. mesocosm experiments will be used to determine: the rel 
 to determine: the relationship between biomass composition and ecosystem function level within 
ionship between biomass composition and ecosystem function level within a patch. the experiment 
d to parameterise a spatial patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocos 
rameterise a spatial patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocosm exper 
odel predictions will be tested against mesocosm experiments incorporating multiple habitat pat 
cosm experiments incorporating multiple habitat patches.  
11508 16                           the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem function has been a focus of  
          the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem function has been a focus of recent research. 
on has been a focus of recent research. spatial heterogeneity is a characteristic of many ecosy 
terogeneity is a characteristic of many ecosystems, but its effects on the biodiversity-ecosyst 
many ecosystems, but its effects on the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship have not b 
. this project will examine the role of heterogeneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem 
l examine the role of heterogeneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem function using an 
geneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem function using an integrated modelling and ex 
 ecosystem function using an integrated modelling and experimental approach in an estuarine sys 
mental approach in an estuarine system. mesocosm experiments will be used to determine: the rel 
 to determine: the relationship between biomass composition and ecosystem function level within 
ionship between biomass composition and ecosystem function level within a patch. the experiment 
d to parameterise a spatial patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocos 
rameterise a spatial patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocosm exper 
odel predictions will be tested against mesocosm experiments incorporating multiple habitat pat 
cosm experiments incorporating multiple habitat patches.  
532 6 ze the conditions of internalisation of biodiversity in the agricultural activity. to reach thi 
ementary sub-objectives : 1- at a local scale and different social justifications of biodiversi 
 and different social justifications of biodiversity brought up to discussion. 2 - at farming l 
of the implementation of objectives for biodiversity management. we will also study the influen 
entation of objectives for biodiversity management. we will also study the influence that socia 
ence that social portrayals of farmers' biodiversity have on their choices of procedure.  
7216 11     in the islands of the indian ocean, freshwater biodiversity is largely made ​​up of fish. a 
islands of the indian ocean, freshwater biodiversity is largely made ​​up of fish. also the inv 
er biodiversity is largely made ​​up of fish. also the inventory missions, monitor the post- la 
tory missions, monitor the post- larval recruitment estuary in the three types of systems will  
s, monitor the post- larval recruitment estuary in the three types of systems will be implement 
 combination of field data, analyzes of population dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will 
alyzes of population dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will help to clarify the operation 
 of population dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will help to clarify the operation of re 
quy holds madagascar, and interpret the freshwater biodiversity of the islands of the indian oc 
adagascar, and interpret the freshwater biodiversity of the islands of the indian ocean from a  
 co- supervise a phd thesis between the fishing tuléar institute and the national museum of nat 
531 4 ovide reflections on the integration of biodiversity in the evolution of agriculture, through t 
 the integration of biodiversity in the evolution of agriculture, through the evolutions proble 
ion of biodiversity in the evolution of agriculture, through the evolutions problematic in the  
 problematic in the common agricultural policy .  
7118 4 ood for thought on the incorporation of biodiversity in the evolution of agriculture through th 
he incorporation of biodiversity in the evolution of agriculture through the issue of changes i 
ion of biodiversity in the evolution of agriculture through the issue of changes in the common  
e of changes in the common agricultural policy  
14418 14  the stage for practical application of conservation practices and control measures for the bio 
es for the biological protection of our forest ecosystems. the main goals of the proposed proje 
the biological protection of our forest ecosystems. the main goals of the proposed project are: 
roposed project are: • to establish the species composition, distribution and prevalence of ent 
• to establish the species composition, distribution and prevalence of entomopathogens will be  
e proposed systematic investigations of forest insect pest pathogens are expected to: • record  
 expected to: • record new pathogens of forest insects for bulgaria and europe; • obtain new in 
ed to: • record new pathogens of forest insects for bulgaria and europe; • obtain new informati 
gens of forest insects for bulgaria and europe; • obtain new information about species composit 
 europe; • obtain new information about species composition and biodiversity of insect pathogen 
formation about species composition and biodiversity of insect pathogens; • obtain new data on  
s; • generate needed information on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the pathogens; • еxpand the i 
 needed information on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the pathogens; • еxpand the information of 
 of the role of insect pathogens in the forest insect populations  
14846 11  has recently been established that the biodiversity abundance, and metabolic capabilities of t 
 been established that the biodiversity abundance, and metabolic capabilities of the kingdom cr 
le in biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems that may act as chemoautotrophs, oxidizing a 
s chemoautotrophs, oxidizing ammonia to nitrate and fixing inorganic carbon in the dark. in add 
ammonia to nitrate and fixing inorganic carbon in the dark. in addition, they also seem to be a 
em to be an important source of organic carbon in the sediments of aquatic systems. the project 
ded project viarc and will focus on the biodiversity and functional role of crenarchaeota using 
ic origin to its present day world-wide distribution. it is foreseen that crenyc will result in 
antially increased understanding of the biodiversity and role in nitrogen and carbon biogeochem 
tanding of the biodiversity and role in nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycling of this enig 
e biodiversity and role in nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycling of this enigmatic group o 
14845 11  has recently been established that the biodiversity, abundance and metabolic capabilities of t 
been established that the biodiversity, abundance and metabolic capabilities of the kingdom cre 
le in biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems that may act as chemoautotrophs, oxidizing a 
s chemoautotrophs, oxidizing ammonia to nitrate and fixing inorganic carbon in the dark. in add 
ammonia to nitrate and fixing inorganic carbon in the dark. in addition, they also seem to be a 
em to be an important source of organic carbon in the sediments of aquatic systems. the project 
 project viarc and it will focus on the biodiversity and functional role of crenarchaeota in pr 
ic origin to its present day world-wide distribution. it is foreseen that crenyc will result in 
antially increased understanding of the biodiversity and role in nitrogen and carbon biogeochem 
tanding of the biodiversity and role in nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycling of this enig 
e biodiversity and role in nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycling of this enigmatic group o 
14804 13                                      in spain, and all over the world, there is a wide number o 
d artificial subterranean cavities with ecosystems worth of study because they contain an inter 
isms and animals whose interactions and function in the ecosystem is unknown. complex bacterial 
 whose interactions and function in the ecosystem is unknown. complex bacterial communities are 
osal deals with the characterization of biodiversity and ecology of cave microbial communities, 
he characterization of biodiversity and ecology of cave microbial communities, in their natural 
. caves constitute a largely unexplored habitat and it is needed a clearer understanding of the 
s needed a clearer understanding of the microbial diversity of these ecosystems. the aim is not 
ing of the microbial diversity of these ecosystems. the aim is not only to know the biodiversit 
ystems. the aim is not only to know the biodiversity of the microbial communities but also to k 
so to know more about its structure and function. for this purpose, a must is to develop and te 
l sequences found. metabolically active bacteria contain more ribosomes and rrna than resting o 
he metabolically active fraction of the community. fluorescently-labeled probes and in situ hyb 
409 9         the set-aside of forestland for biodiversity purposes is made at widely differing scale 
scales, from single trees to very large nature reserves. the goal of the project is to identify 
t-efficient solutions for setting aside forest, with consideration taken to the landscape conte 
forest, with consideration taken to the landscape context, the biodiversity level of non set-as 
ion taken to the landscape context, the biodiversity level of non set-aside forest . we use dif 
the biodiversity level of non set-aside forest . we use different analytical tools, mainly *res 
mming algorithms, and quotients between biodiversity value and economic cost. the spatial and t 
spatial and temporal dynamic aspects of biodiversity are considered through modelling approache 
 of biodiversity are considered through modelling approaches.  
11514 21 ivities are leading to a global loss of biodiversity and concern regarding the impact of such l 
f such loss on the functioning of whole ecosystems is high. the proposed research will examine  
ed research will examine the effects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a  
the effects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a tractable model system-ti 
ects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a tractable model system-tide pool 
marine environment by using a tractable model system-tide pools on rocky shores. these pools ac 
the tide out period allowing a range of ecosystem processes including community respiration, pr 
 range of ecosystem processes including community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling a 
ecosystem processes including community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling and accumul 
cesses including community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling and accumulation of biom 
ng community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling and accumulation of biomass to be read 
y, nutrient cycling and accumulation of biomass to be readily determined. initially an observat 
e relationship between algal and faunal diversity and ecosystem processes in a range of contras 
 between algal and faunal diversity and ecosystem processes in a range of contrasting environme 
 manipulative experiments will simulate biodiversity loss in two trophic levels, the dominant p 
ers- macrolagae and dominant consumers- grazing molluscs. the consequences of such loss to ecos 
luscs. the consequences of such loss to ecosystem function will be measured over a 2 year perio 
 measured over a 2 year period. finally modelling will integrate the correlative and manipulati 
o provide a predictive understanding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.  
derstanding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.  
ding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.  
9925 21 ivities are leading to a global loss of biodiversity and concern regarding the impact of such l 
f such loss on the functioning of whole ecosystems is high. the proposed research will examine  
ed research will examine the effects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a  
the effects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a tractable model system-ti 
ects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a tractable model system-tide pool 
marine environment by using a tractable model system-tide pools on rocky shores. these pools ac 
the tide out period allowing a range of ecosystem processes including community respiration, pr 
 range of ecosystem processes including community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling a 
ecosystem processes including community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling and accumul 
cesses including community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling and accumulation of biom 
ng community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling and accumulation of biomass to be read 
y, nutrient cycling and accumulation of biomass to be readily determined. initially an observat 
e relationship between algal and faunal diversity and ecosystem processes in a range of contras 
 between algal and faunal diversity and ecosystem processes in a range of contrasting environme 
 manipulative experiments will simulate biodiversity loss in two trophic levels, the dominant p 
ers- macrolagae and dominant consumers- grazing molluscs. the consequences of such loss to ecos 
luscs. the consequences of such loss to ecosystem function will be measured over a 2 year perio 
 measured over a 2 year period. finally modelling will integrate the correlative and manipulati 
o provide a predictive understanding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.  
derstanding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.  
ding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.  
1977 13 e to perform a comparative study on the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of lophelia pert 
elia pertusa and madrepora oculata deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will show, 
ertusa and madrepora oculata deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will show, wheth 
 chemoautotrophic prokaryotes obtaining energy and carbon from cold seeps e.g. via methane. ben 
rophic prokaryotes obtaining energy and carbon from cold seeps e.g. via methane. benthic lander 
rgy and carbon from cold seeps e.g. via methane. benthic landers will be put in for in situ stu 
 be put in for in situ studies of coral growth and calcification and for assessing ecosystem fu 
wth and calcification and for assessing ecosystem functions such as providing structural framew 
uch as providing structural frameworks, community respiration and organic matter remineralizati 
viding structural frameworks, community respiration and organic matter remineralization. the po 
l frameworks, community respiration and organic matter remineralization. the potential link bet 
eralization. the potential link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning will be investig 
etween dwcrs in the warm, nutrient-poor mediterranean and the cold and less nutrient-poor ne at 
6891 15 oth unique natural values and intensive land-use. the on-going and future land-use changes may  
nsive land-use. the on-going and future land-use changes may considerably affect ecological int 
and-use changes may considerably affect ecological integrity, thus a further decline in biodive 
al integrity, thus a further decline in biodiversity can only be avoided if nature conservation 
 in biodiversity can only be avoided if nature conservation and socio-economic priorities are c 
 is to assess the relationships between land-use, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. in a  
ess the relationships between land-use, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. in a collaborat 
an research centers of botany, zoology, soil science, and agro-environmental research we plan t 
at hungarian plain based on data from a habitat mapping to be finished in 2005. the major outco 
rian plain based on data from a habitat mapping to be finished in 2005. the major outcome of th 
ject will be an on-line expert sytem on landscape ecology and land-use, which provides recommen 
e expert sytem on landscape ecology and land-use, which provides recommendations on rural devel 
-use, which provides recommendations on rural development and sustainable land-use. the expert  
ns on rural development and sustainable land-use. the expert sytems will integrate hundreds of  
 high-resolution maps, dynamic modells, land management protocols, and thus make scientific res 
396 25                recent studies show that organic farming usually increases diversity, but that t 
 that organic farming usually increases diversity, but that the effect varies among organism gr 
t varies among organism groups and with landscape context. in mosaic landscapes the effects on  
xt. in mosaic landscapes the effects on diversity are small, while it has larger effects in int 
es. it is likely that, depending on the traits and dispersal ability of different organisms and 
ikely that, depending on the traits and dispersal ability of different organisms and on the lan 
ility of different organisms and on the landscape context, it may take a decade or even more fo 
tems to be fully manifested. a reliable assessment of the long-term effects of farming systems  
ng-term effects of farming systems like organic farming on biodiversity and ecosystem services  
farming systems like organic farming on biodiversity and ecosystem services thus requires knowl 
ike organic farming on biodiversity and ecosystem services thus requires knowledge of both the  
h the speed and magnitude of changes in diversity and species composition in different landscap 
d magnitude of changes in diversity and species composition in different landscapes. building o 
problem based on recent developments in metacommunity and landscape ecology. we will examine pl 
ecent developments in metacommunity and landscape ecology. we will examine plants, soil animals 
dscape ecology. we will examine plants, soil animals, predatory insects, pollinators and two ec 
examine plants, soil animals, predatory insects, pollinators and two ecosystem services along a 
lants, soil animals, predatory insects, pollinators and two ecosystem services along a time-sin 
 predatory insects, pollinators and two ecosystem services along a time-since-transition gradie 
nsition gradient crossed with the large-scale gradient in landscapes established in our previou 
ll also arrange a workshop with swedish stakeholders on organic farming in the next eu-cap. the 
a workshop with swedish stakeholders on organic farming in the next eu-cap. the project is of g 
 for understanding long-term effects of organic farming and landscape change on biodiversity.  
ong-term effects of organic farming and landscape change on biodiversity.  
organic farming and landscape change on biodiversity.  
11310 3 ry abundant in all environments. unlike bacteria, they possess a nucleus, making them part of e 
rganisms to which multicellular plants, fungi, and animals belong. morphological and molecular  
ivotal importance for understanding the evolution of eukaryotes as a whole. ribosomal rna compa 
15337 13 ransmitted by arthorpods as vectors. in endangered species pv infection has ecological and cons 
lignisation processes, no comprehensive model bringing together the evolution, basic and infect 
mprehensive model bringing together the evolution, basic and infection biology and epidemiology 
 provided thus far. our knowledge on pv evolution is rather scarce and still based on assumptio 
low mutation rate. our previous results stress the concept that different viruses are different 
sures that have driven the differential evolution of the pvs, their differential interaction wi 
l gardens and veterinarians in germany, spain, belgium, peru and south africa. after the first  
terinarians in germany, spain, belgium, peru and south africa. after the first three years it i 
ns in germany, spain, belgium, peru and south africa. after the first three years it is our aim 
will aim to quantifiy within host viral diversity and will generate global hypotheses on the di 
 will generate global hypotheses on the distribution and evolution of these viruses, related to 
obal hypotheses on the distribution and evolution of these viruses, related to their hosts. the 
hosts. the broadening of the number and diversity of the pvs to be empirically studied will sur 
7021 12 rooding patterns and larval biology and evaluation of possibilities of migration for different  
logy and evaluation of possibilities of migration for different taxa of cheilostomate bryozoa.  
sult in a detailed understanding of the distribution of bryozoa in space and time aiming to inv 
me aiming to investigate the origin and evolution of faunas in the paratethys. rich collections 
gle faunal elements: a documentation of distribution patterns will be used to test the hypothes 
miocene of the paratethys, from western europe, the eastern mediterranean, and the qom-formatio 
ethys, from western europe, the eastern mediterranean, and the qom-formation of the iran are to 
y miocene and middle miocene in central europe. cross-linking of biological studies and paleont 
 in general and to basic aspects of the development of bryozoan faunas, existing under pressure 
 faunas, existing under pressure of the global change. realizing the great importance of this g 
ntribute to a detailed knowledge of the development of ecosystems in the paratethys.  
etailed knowledge of the development of ecosystems in the paratethys.  
14795 10                                         denitrification is the biological process by which bact 
tion is the biological process by which bacteria sequentially reduce nitrate will be used to an 
s by which bacteria sequentially reduce nitrate will be used to analyse the proportion of the n 
e used to analyse the proportion of the nitrogen oxides gases, including n2, being released int 
 one of the largest and most importants wetlands in europe. it is considered an unesco man and  
largest and most importants wetlands in europe. it is considered an unesco man and biosphere re 
 an eu special protection area for wild birds. however, the microbial life in its soil is perfe 
rds. however, the microbial life in its soil is perfectly unknown. all these features make the  
e park an excellent site to explore the biodiversity, structure and dinamics of the denitrifyin 
ucture and dinamics of the denitrifying community and to study its contribution to greenhose ga 
11750 1 sequencing. to make higher level amoeba classification evolutionarily sounder we shall also seq 
12518 8  awareness of the beneficial effects of organic farming practices on biodiversity and environme 
effects of organic farming practices on biodiversity and environment recommendation that resear 
c farming practices on biodiversity and environment recommendation that research be conducted i 
esearch be conducted into the impact on biodiversity of organic conversion in the hills and upl 
jectives are to quantify differences in biodiversity between organic and conventional farming s 
he importance of duration under organic management and scale effects, to identify features of o 
f duration under organic management and scale effects, to identify features of organic systems  
rganic systems that are associated with biodiversity benefits in the hills and uplands, and to  
13729 27 nary project aimed at understanding how ecosystem resilience in managed landscapes is linked to 
ct aimed at understanding how ecosystem resilience in managed landscapes is linked to socio-eco 
to socio-economic processes driving how natural resources are managed. biodiversity is viewed a 
ving how natural resources are managed. biodiversity is viewed as a key natural resource for ma 
 a key natural resource for maintaining ecosystem functioning and thereby ecological resilience 
stem functioning and thereby ecological resilience. the project examines relationships between  
 project examines relationships between management institutions, biodiversity conservation and  
amines relationships between management institutions, biodiversity conservation and ecological  
nships between management institutions, biodiversity conservation and ecological resilience, an 
iodiversity conservation and ecological resilience, and the biological and social mechanisms th 
ocial mechanisms that contribute to the resilience of ecosystems. the specific goals are: * to  
ms that contribute to the resilience of ecosystems. the specific goals are: * to examine how bi 
he specific goals are: * to examine how biodiversity contributes to ecosystem services like pol 
examine how biodiversity contributes to ecosystem services like pollination and resilience in s 
 contributes to ecosystem services like pollination and resilience in selected managed ecosyste 
ecosystem services like pollination and resilience in selected managed ecosystems. * to identif 
tion and resilience in selected managed ecosystems. * to identify institutional mechanisms for  
institutional mechanisms for sustaining resilience and functional diversity. * to examine how t 
echanisms for sustaining resilience and functional diversity. * to examine how the spatial and  
l scales of organism dynamics relate to management practices, in order to identify mismatches b 
 mismatches between the scales at which biodiversity conservation should be implemented and the 
should be implemented and the scales of planning and management decisions. * to synthesize thes 
lemented and the scales of planning and management decisions. * to synthesize these results and 
hese results and develop strategies for biodiversity monitoring and management in coupled socia 
and develop strategies for biodiversity monitoring and management in coupled social-ecological  
ategies for biodiversity monitoring and management in coupled social-ecological systems.  
ty monitoring and management in coupled social-ecological systems.  
13947 11                         destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats is predicted to cause 
to cause unprecedented rates of species extinction in the near future. here we will investigate 
e response of ecological communities to species loss is most likely affected both by local proc 
ffected both by local processes and the dispersal abilities of species. the aim of the present  
esent project is to investigate how the trophic structure of local communities, spatial structu 
es, spatial structure of landscapes and dispersal patterns of species affects the response of a 
 species affects the response of a meta-community to local and global losses of species. to acc 
s. to accomplish this we develop a meta-community viability analysis that generates risk assess 
unity viability analysis that generates risk assessments: the probability that the number of sp 
y that the number of species in an meta-community falls below some given level following the lo 
reat promise for identifying vulnerable ecosystems and keystone species.  
14186 7 roposal is to assess the establishment, biodiversity and stability of lactic acid bacteria and  
ess the establishment, biodiversity and stability of lactic acid bacteria and yeast population  
odiversity and stability of lactic acid bacteria and yeast population of sourdoughs in differen 
 the properties obtained the predictive modeling on stability of theses strains in sourdough sy 
ies obtained the predictive modeling on stability of theses strains in sourdough system will be 
l be performed to propose mechanisms of bacteria adaptation to sourdough and to reveal possible 
ormed to propose mechanisms of bacteria adaptation to sourdough and to reveal possible function 
12650 10 provide an evidence base to support the development of policies to improve the conservation of  
 development of policies to improve the conservation of marine biodiversity. the report is inte 
policies to improve the conservation of marine biodiversity. the report is intended to outline  
s to improve the conservation of marine biodiversity. the report is intended to outline the imp 
ed to outline the importance of the uks marine biodiversity using examples to detail the curren 
utline the importance of the uks marine biodiversity using examples to detail the current statu 
f any decline, loss or deterioration of marine biodiversity in the ability of the marine system 
ecline, loss or deterioration of marine biodiversity in the ability of the marine system to del 
rine biodiversity in the ability of the marine system to deliver ecosystem goods and services.  
ability of the marine system to deliver ecosystem goods and services.  
520 9 tween the agricultural activity and the biodiversity in a wine-growing area. it also has for go 
area. it also has for goal to analyze a development project in favour of biodiversity on an aoc 
lyze a development project in favour of biodiversity on an aoc level and resulting in a local i 
al initiative. the interactions between agriculture and biodiversity activate several mechanism 
he interactions between agriculture and biodiversity activate several mechanisms, each of which 
les responding in different ways to the landscape structures. in this first approach we will tr 
e links between agricultural practices, landscape structure and biodiversity on a dimension lim 
ural practices, landscape structure and biodiversity on a dimension limited to this territory.  
le the follow-up of the project and the evaluation of the implemented actions.  
7108 9  study interactions between farming and biodiversity in a wine territory. it also aims to analy 
ne territory. it also aims to analyze a development project in favor of biodiversity at the sca 
alyze a development project in favor of biodiversity at the scale of an aoc as a result of a lo 
project in favor of biodiversity at the scale of an aoc as a result of a local initiative. the  
of a local initiative. the interactions agriculture - biodiversity involve several mechanisms,  
tiative. the interactions agriculture - biodiversity involve several mechanisms, making referen 
inkages between agricultural practices, landscape structure and biodiversity across the territo 
ural practices, landscape structure and biodiversity across the territory. . in the end, this w 
atory that will monitor the project and evaluation of actions implemented  
521 12 eservation stakes and value increase in biodiversity within the french designation of origin in 
tion of origin in positioning them on a scale containing five levels of diversity. this tool wi 
em on a scale containing five levels of diversity. this tool will also be mobilized to define h 
ized to define how farmers perceive the biodiversity in their plots and the impacts caused by t 
the biodiversity in their plots and the impacts caused by their practices. the achievement of t 
answer the following questionings: what biodiversity is present, produced, used within which ao 
, produced, used within which aoc dairy production farms, and using what practices which are th 
aoc areas favourable to the adoption of biodiversity favouring practices in grassland areas whi 
 of biodiversity favouring practices in grassland areas which are the effects in terms of biodi 
areas which are the effects in terms of biodiversity coupling between the certification of biol 
g between the certification of biologic agriculture and the respect of the terms and conditions 
at the farmers have on stakes linked to biodiversity. nevertheless they must also be recreated  
7674 23                                         biodiversity conservation in protected areas is linked  
           biodiversity conservation in protected areas is linked to ecological trade-offs betw 
protected areas is linked to ecological trade-offs between various components of this diversity 
offs between various components of this diversity, their relative perception by stakeholders an 
diversity, their relative perception by stakeholders and decision makers, and the effectiveness 
on makers, and the effectiveness of the management over long time scale . in this project we wi 
veness of the management over long time scale . in this project we will simulate elephant abund 
 this project we will simulate elephant abundance scenarios and their effects on tree diversity 
ect we will simulate elephant abundance scenarios and their effects on tree diversity in hwange 
nce scenarios and their effects on tree diversity in hwange national park and integrated with m 
ephant spatial dynamics and stakeholder management decisions. plausible outcomes under various  
comes under various downscaled regional climate projections and current management practices wi 
egional climate projections and current management practices will be simulated over a 50-year t 
ar timeframe. simultaneously, ageing of groundwater will be conducted to assess whether recharg 
lts will be presented in a workshop for stakeholders, who will then be engaged in a companion m 
who will then be engaged in a companion modelling exercise to model the ecologically-based deci 
ed in a companion modelling exercise to model the ecologically-based decision rules governing w 
ogically-based decision rules governing water pumping and identifying the non-ecological constr 
 the ecological and human dimensions of ecosystem functioning, facilitates their incorporation  
litates their incorporation by relevant stakeholders, and ultimately helps build robust scenari 
ders, and ultimately helps build robust scenarios of plausible futures of key aspects of biodiv 
 of plausible futures of key aspects of biodiversity, elephants and trees, in a large african p 
elephants and trees, in a large african protected area.  
7109 3 ew register of justification set around conservation issues and biodiversity valuation in the f 
tion set around conservation issues and biodiversity valuation in the french device registered  
nd conservation issues and biodiversity valuation in the french device registered designations  
14114 10 understanding the origin of present-day ecosystems. this project will elucidate how biodiversit 
ystems. this project will elucidate how biodiversity is affected by environmental changes in sp 
of one group of abundant and widespread marine animals, the ostracods. amongst the major extinc 
imals, the ostracods. amongst the major extinction events of the phanerozoic, the end ordovicia 
 of the phanerozoic, the end ordovician extinction is of crucial importance to the understandin 
cial importance to the understanding of biodiversity crises. the ordovician period ends with a  
ordovician period ends with a series of extinction events . past environmental, lifestyle and b 
nts . past environmental, lifestyle and biodiversity changes can be used as indicators in predi 
and biodiversity changes can be used as indicators in predicting future patterns of biotic chan 
y – of the spacial, facies and temporal biodiversity of late ordovician and early silurian base 
437 4 the impact of human societies on animal biodiversity at a century and millenium scale. it was d 
biodiversity at a century and millenium scale. it was developed in four directions: . the histo 
of the spread of the house mouse in the mediterranean basin has been elucidated and the origin  
 as expected. in addition, processes of biodiversity decrease have been described in several of 
7158 6               predicting the effects of global change on biodiversity at large spatial scales.  
dicting the effects of global change on biodiversity at large spatial scales. from predictions  
, as one can predict the variability of species richness and extinction rates and local turnove 
the variability of species richness and extinction rates and local turnover will be greater for 
ssues important to assess the impact of global change on biodiversity dynamics.  
o assess the impact of global change on biodiversity dynamics.  
442 6 arch programme focused on the effect of landscape structure at different spatial scales on the  
ties. using approaches accounting for a heterogeneity in species detectability and for spatial  
 the data, we found that not only local species richness can be affected by landscape structure 
cal species richness can be affected by landscape structure, but it can also affect the local t 
vide a framework of relevance for basic ecology, but also of practical relevance for applied ec 
also of practical relevance for applied ecology.  
13942 17 mental study concerns the importance of biodiversity for one of the most fundamental ecological 
izes nutrient elements, while producing fish food. we will test four main hypotheses: 1. the ra 
on increases with increasing species or functional group diversity. 2. a more diverse community 
 increasing species or functional group diversity. 2. a more diverse community has the potentia 
onal group diversity. 2. a more diverse community has the potential to transfer more carbon up  
nity has the potential to transfer more carbon up the food chain. 3. a more diverse community b 
on up the food chain. 3. a more diverse community buries more organic matter deeper in the sedi 
3. a more diverse community buries more organic matter deeper in the sediment. 4. nodularin and 
uries more organic matter deeper in the sediment. 4. nodularin and bmaa in cyanobacterial bloom 
ial blooms can accumulate in and reduce diversity, growth and survival of deposit-feeding inver 
can accumulate in and reduce diversity, growth and survival of deposit-feeding invertebrates, a 
 growth and survival of deposit-feeding invertebrates, and be transferred to their fish predato 
ertebrates, and be transferred to their fish predators. the results can be used to evaluate the 
rates, and be transferred to their fish predators. the results can be used to evaluate the like 
e likely effects of changes in infaunal biodiversity and of increased cyanobacterial blooms on  
eased cyanobacterial blooms on nutrient biogeochemistry in the baltic sea. the potential for to 
ooms on nutrient biogeochemistry in the baltic sea. the potential for toxic effects on bottom f 
7567 6 equires an analysis of inter- and intra-species diversity using molecular biology tools adapted 
also the correlative study of mycotoxin production. using the model p. expansum producer of pat 
tudy of mycotoxin production. using the model p. expansum producer of patulin, we analyze the e 
sum producer of patulin, we analyze the evolution of the production during growth and the effec 
atulin, we analyze the evolution of the production during growth and the effect of the usual ph 
 the evolution of the production during growth and the effect of the usual physiological and nu 
7283 2 european and french, science and public decision making biodiversity the project proposes to in 
nch, science and public decision making biodiversity the project proposes to investigate the se 
2051 6            the project will investigate biodiversity in a natural ecosystem, believed to be rea 
l investigate biodiversity in a natural ecosystem, believed to be reasonably representative of  
easonably representative of the coastal marine environment . through this cooperation the proje 
ly representative of the coastal marine environment . through this cooperation the project will 
l be able to develop a full statistical model for biodiversity without losing biological inform 
to develop a full statistical model for biodiversity without losing biological information.  
463 4            biomex aims to study pelagic marine biodiversity in the western indian ocean, using  
    biomex aims to study pelagic marine biodiversity in the western indian ocean, using a wide  
aving as objective to characterize this biodiversity and assure its consistency. the project wi 
pt to establish an inventory of pelagic biodiversity based on various sampling elements, which  
7412 2 s considered long as little interest in agriculture involves the ability of agriculture to cons 
 in agriculture involves the ability of agriculture to consider a new social demand and integra 
7422 9 se of mineral fertilizers and synthetic pesticides, and the simplification of agricultural land 
c pesticides, and the simplification of agricultural landscapes resulting from the specializati 
es resulting from the specialization of production systems, significantly reduced the diversity 
tion systems, significantly reduced the diversity of beneficial fungi communities specify the t 
tly reduced the diversity of beneficial fungi communities specify the the effect of mycorrhizal 
s specify the the effect of mycorrhizal biodiversity on wheat productivity and grain quality. t 
ct of mycorrhizal biodiversity on wheat productivity and grain quality. this work will lay a so 
or the operation of these new biotech / ecosystem tools of mycorrhiza in wheat farming and thus 
patible and economically efficient crop management  
7281 6 he implementation of the green and blue urban context. it documents the biodiversity areas, que 
nd blue urban context. it documents the biodiversity areas, questioning their legal status and  
tivations of various actors working for biodiversity and their choice of valuation. it offers a 
ng for biodiversity and their choice of valuation. it offers a method to mesh with the tv biodi 
 it offers a method to mesh with the tv biodiversity called ordinary places and directory"actio 
of researchers and practitioners in the development of the north pas de calais  
14821 18                                         mediterranean coastal wetlands are considered ecosystem 
                  mediterranean coastal wetlands are considered ecosystems that deserve to be p 
rranean coastal wetlands are considered ecosystems that deserve to be protected in a european c 
 and attractiveness for touristic-based development has led to a series of adverse impacts and  
elopment has led to a series of adverse impacts and most are showing serious signs of degradati 
s and most are showing serious signs of degradation. the pego- oliva marjal, located in the are 
e area of highest rainfall in valencian community and with warm temperatures, permits species o 
cies of tropical affinity to grow. this wetland is considered a refuge of biodiversity for its  
 this wetland is considered a refuge of biodiversity for its richness in different kinds of wat 
idered a refuge of biodiversity for its richness in different kinds of water body: streams, cha 
 for its richness in different kinds of water body: streams, channels, fresh and saltwater mout 
hness in different kinds of water body: streams, channels, fresh and saltwater mouths, inundati 
 pristine to eutrophicated-contaminated water. although knowledge of its vascular flora and ver 
ound in its different aquatic habitats. algae, however, are very precise ecological indicators  
itats. algae, however, are very precise ecological indicators and are widely used, alone or tog 
elaborate a detailed inventory of algal biodiversity in the marjal pego-oliva natural park, as  
park, as a first step to evaluating the water quality and the level of conservation of its aqua 
ting the water quality and the level of conservation of its aquatic systems, and will propose f 
456 8                        project diamsoi: diversity of amphihaline species in the southwest of th 
 on the islands of the indian ocean the freshwater biodiversity is basically made up of fish .  
ands of the indian ocean the freshwater biodiversity is basically made up of fish . in addition 
er biodiversity is basically made up of fish . in addition to the inventory mission, a follow-u 
 combination of field data, analysis of population dynamics and the large-scale satellite sensi 
is of population dynamics and the large-scale satellite sensing will make it possible to clarif 
ld by madagascar, and to understand the freshwater biodiversity of the islands in the indian oc 
ascar, and to understand the freshwater biodiversity of the islands in the indian ocean from a  
7262 6 anisms associated with sunken wood deep marine environment has always been perceived as a zoolo 
associated with sunken wood deep marine environment has always been perceived as a zoological c 
e of the project is biowood explore the diversity of the fauna associated with sunken wood and  
iated with sunken wood and identify new model organisms to understand in an evolutionary light, 
derstand in an evolutionary light, deep marine biodiversity  
d in an evolutionary light, deep marine biodiversity  
9933 14                                         eutrophication is perhaps the most important threat to  
s the most important threat to european biodiversity. a major source of nutrients to semi-natur 
uropean biodiversity. a major source of nutrients to semi-natural ecosystems is atmospheric nit 
jor source of nutrients to semi-natural ecosystems is atmospheric nitrogen deposition and exper 
 semi-natural ecosystems is atmospheric nitrogen deposition and experiments have suggested that 
d experiments have suggested that these nutrients may reduce species richness.however, until ve 
ggested that these nutrients may reduce species richness.however, until very recently there was 
e was no clear evidence that widespread biodiversity reduction caused by regional air pollution 
ersity reduction caused by regional air pollution was actually occurring. stevens et al. provid 
vided a predictive equation to estimate species richness of similar sites based on n deposition 
her n-deposition is seriously impacting species richness on a wider scale across european grass 
y impacting species richness on a wider scale across european grasslands and to elucidate the m 
chness on a wider scale across european grasslands and to elucidate the mechanism responsible.w 
ess the ecological processes that drive biodiversity change in the systems.  
7467 19                          scientists and water managers have collected a vast amount of data on  
have collected a vast amount of data on freshwater organisms, and yet it is rarely possible to  
ed and easily accessible to scientists, policy makers and planners such an integrated and acces 
age of the services provided by aquatic ecosystems, but also to make it possible to establish e 
 establish effective regional plans for conservation. biofresh, a major new fp7 project, will d 
 access to the extensive information on freshwater organisms that is currently stored in the da 
es. the biofresh information portal for freshwater biodiversity will allow scientists and plann 
fresh information portal for freshwater biodiversity will allow scientists and planners to comp 
atterns that will shed new light on how freshwater biodiversity responds to global, european, a 
t will shed new light on how freshwater biodiversity responds to global, european, and local en 
help to reveal the status and trends of freshwater biodiversity, and the services that it provi 
eal the status and trends of freshwater biodiversity, and the services that it provides. scient 
ow various stressors interact to impact freshwater biodiversity. this work will help to shed li 
stressors interact to impact freshwater biodiversity. this work will help to shed light on how  
k will help to shed light on how future climate and socioeconomic pressures will give rise to g 
bal, continental and local responses in freshwater biodiversity. until now, it has not always b 
ental and local responses in freshwater biodiversity. until now, it has not always been easy to 
en easy to incorporate understanding of freshwater biodiversity explicitly into environmental a 
incorporate understanding of freshwater biodiversity explicitly into environmental agreements . 
2137 19                                     the impacts of pronounced climate change are now apparent a 
              the impacts of pronounced climate change are now apparent at various sites in the 
 converge on the prediction that future warming trends will be amplified at high northern latit 
ental understanding of norways northern marine ecosystems and their responsiveness to environme 
nderstanding of norways northern marine ecosystems and their responsiveness to environmental ch 
 ecosystems and their responsiveness to environmental change. the benthic biodiversity has been 
ss to environmental change. the benthic biodiversity has been hypothesized to be closely relate 
 closely related with variables such as productivity and sea surface temperature for which a st 
es such as productivity and sea surface temperature for which a strong gradient is seen along t 
 the norwegian coastal shelf. these two biodiversity drivers are highly climate-dependent and a 
ese two biodiversity drivers are highly climate-dependent and are expected to change with the p 
e expected to change with the predicted warming. this funding request is for a post-doctoral fe 
rant to conduct fundamental research on marine benthos with a focus on characterizing the prope 
 conduct fundamental research on marine benthos with a focus on characterizing the properties o 
haracterizing the properties of benthic biodiversity measurements at various latitudinal sites  
ll develop theoretical framework of the impacts of the global warming on the soft-bottom marine 
retical framework of the impacts of the global warming on the soft-bottom marine biodiversity i 
f the global warming on the soft-bottom marine biodiversity in the norwegian continental shelf. 
lobal warming on the soft-bottom marine biodiversity in the norwegian continental shelf.  
474 22 d 30 eu experts in eukaryotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, gen 
ts in eukaryotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and mol 
yotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biol 
onomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biology, bioinformatics 
lar biology, bioinformatics, as well as marine economy and policy, to assess the taxonomic dept 
ormatics, as well as marine economy and policy, to assess the taxonomic depth, environmental si 
ications of arguably the least explored biodiversity compartment in the biosphere: the unicellu 
the unicellular eukaryotes or protists. marine protists typically live in huge populations with 
a and new methods for future surveys of marine biodiversity change and for evaluation of its ec 
ew methods for future surveys of marine biodiversity change and for evaluation of its ecologica 
s of marine biodiversity change and for evaluation of its ecological and economic cost. the bio 
 database will become the largest world community resource on marine unicellular eukaryotic bio 
the largest world community resource on marine unicellular eukaryotic biodiversity, providing a 
source on marine unicellular eukaryotic biodiversity, providing a reference platform for curren 
re projects dealing with this important biodiversity compartment, and elevating the european co 
compartment, and elevating the european community to the forefront of marine eukaryote microbia 
 european community to the forefront of marine eukaryote microbial ecology. by connecting the m 
ty to the forefront of marine eukaryote microbial ecology. by connecting the most modern sequen 
ing technology to eu experts in protist taxonomy, biomarks will valorize an invaluable traditio 
data and new methods to a wide range of stakeholders and for scientific and public education. s 
eral international research programs on marine biodiversity, major genetic databases and protis 
ternational research programs on marine biodiversity, major genetic databases and protist cultu 
7030 13  to the main questions in ciliate alpha-taxonomy and the hotly debated problems in biodiversity 
onomy and the hotly debated problems in biodiversity. its results should allow an estimation of 
sults should allow an estimation of the biogeography of a species-rich group of marine plankton 
biogeography of a species-rich group of marine plankton protists, i.e., the tintinnids. tintinn 
es, an estimation of the real tintinnid diversity, and an assessment of the biogeography, inclu 
of the real tintinnid diversity, and an assessment of the biogeography, including literature da 
nid diversity, and an assessment of the biogeography, including literature data. additionally,  
 a far-reaching estimation of tintinnid diversity and biogeography. morphological taxonomy as a 
g estimation of tintinnid diversity and biogeography. morphological taxonomy as a distinct scie 
versity and biogeography. morphological taxonomy as a distinct scientific field is threatened b 
tinct scientific field is threatened by extinction because the number of alpha-taxonomists dras 
gthen austria as a hot-spot for ciliate taxonomy, but will also enable training of students in  
ng of students in the basics of ciliate taxonomy.  
1930 3                           especially in agricultural landscapes, space and finances must be div 
 be divided over different functions in nature areas and in the agricultural landscape.  
nt functions in nature areas and in the agricultural landscape.  
7583 2 : i study through a molecular approach, biodiversity toxigenic molds to dry at room temperature 
iversity toxigenic molds to dry at room temperature in sterile sand. . strains of the collectio 
14419 24 al environmental challenges cause rapid erosion of biological diversity in most parts of the wo 
ental challenges cause rapid erosion of biological diversity in most parts of the world. these  
e must discover, understand and protect biodiversity. put simply, biodiversity is ‘life on eart 
d and protect biodiversity. put simply, biodiversity is ‘life on earth. at a fundamental level, 
sses depend, directly or indirectly, on biodiversity and its component resources. yeasts have e 
 they are primary drivers of the global carbon cycle and they belong to the most valuable micro 
 demonstrated that flowering plants and insects ecosystems harbor vast untapped diversity of ye 
rated that flowering plants and insects ecosystems harbor vast untapped diversity of yeasts. in 
insects ecosystems harbor vast untapped diversity of yeasts. in europe, bulgaria ranks third in 
r vast untapped diversity of yeasts. in europe, bulgaria ranks third in biodiversity after ital 
sts. in europe, bulgaria ranks third in biodiversity after italy and spain. the rich biological 
s third in biodiversity after italy and spain. the rich biological diversity of bulgaria is due 
versity after italy and spain. the rich biological diversity of bulgaria is due to its substant 
y of bulgaria is due to its substantial forest area. pirin, rodopi and central balkan national  
al parks are among the largest and most protected areas in europe. bulgarian parks host 250 end 
the largest and most protected areas in europe. bulgarian parks host 250 endemic flowering plan 
ic flowering plants and 1500 species of insects. these plants and insects could be habitats for 
00 species of insects. these plants and insects could be habitats for many undiscovered yeasts. 
itats for many undiscovered yeasts. the biodiversity and ecology of yeasts in different ecosyst 
discovered yeasts. the biodiversity and ecology of yeasts in different ecosystems have attracte 
sity and ecology of yeasts in different ecosystems have attracted little systematic research in 
portant properties from these bulgarian ecosystems. the research project will be accomplished i 
 first stage will include collection of insects and plants samples from three national parks: p 
entral balkan. isolation of yeasts from insects and plants samples. during the second stage we  
7008 7 of this project is the investigation of biodiversity of yeasts and yeast-like fungi isolated fr 
f biodiversity of yeasts and yeast-like fungi isolated from gut of insects. these habitats are  
d yeast-like fungi isolated from gut of insects. these habitats are widely unexplored and there 
 the course of this project since these insects could have had contact with mould-contaminated  
s are gathering information about yeast phylogeny and development of yeast endocytobiosis, disc 
g information about yeast phylogeny and development of yeast endocytobiosis, discovering new sy 
ring different developing phases of the insects. finally the isolates will be tested for their  
7286 9     we want to test the hypothesis that biodiversity can compensate through biotic interactions 
eractions, the negative consequences of fragmentation of plant populations that tends to increa 
 populations that tends to increase the risk of extinction. a floristically diverse surrounding 
ions that tends to increase the risk of extinction. a floristically diverse surrounding communi 
on. a floristically diverse surrounding community with a rich assemblage of insects would reduc 
ing community with a rich assemblage of insects would reduce this risk by being a source of pol 
assemblage of insects would reduce this risk by being a source of pollinators for fragmented po 
d reduce this risk by being a source of pollinators for fragmented populations and favorable re 
een fragmented populations and maintain genetic diversity within them  
7153 8 mainly aims to improve knowledge of the biodiversity of regulatory mechanisms in animals, in si 
mechanisms in animals, in situations of human impacts quantitatively and qualitatively differen 
 balances and imbalances to sustainable biodiversity at an intermediate level between those of  
y, that the century or millennium. this scale is primarily documented by the exo or endo -skele 
oup, which will result in an attempt to model the effects of human impact on animal biodiversit 
t in an attempt to model the effects of human impact on animal biodiversity in a time scale ran 
l the effects of human impact on animal biodiversity in a time scale ranging from century to mi 
impact on animal biodiversity in a time scale ranging from century to millennium. these case st 
7211 24           the project aims to study the biodiversity of coral reefs in the maldives in conjunct 
oject aims to study the biodiversity of coral reefs in the maldives in conjunction with local p 
 but complementary angles: inventories, biogeography, conservation and training. the maldives i 
tary angles: inventories, biogeography, conservation and training. the maldives is a nation of  
 country is based entirely on the coral ecosystem and ocean. atolls, distributed along a latitu 
ocal / regional factors controlling the distribution of diversity. protected marine areas of th 
factors controlling the distribution of diversity. protected marine areas of the republic of ma 
he distribution of diversity. protected marine areas of the republic of maldives: • what is the 
the republic of maldives: • what is the habitat diversity and structure of coral communities en 
blic of maldives: • what is the habitat diversity and structure of coral communities encountere 
 it necessary to increase the extent of marine protected areas • how species richness of these  
 extent of marine protected areas • how species richness of these sites does it compare with th 
eneral what conclusions can be drawn on endemism and evolution of marine species of the maldive 
onclusions can be drawn on endemism and evolution of marine species of the maldives • fisheries 
n be drawn on endemism and evolution of marine species of the maldives • fisheries invertebrate 
ion of marine species of the maldives • fisheries invertebrates and reef fish being increasingl 
ine species of the maldives • fisheries invertebrates and reef fish being increasingly develope 
ives • fisheries invertebrates and reef fish being increasingly developed, what is the status o 
t is the status of the resource and its habitat critical habitats used during the life cycle of 
s operated technical inventory of coral biodiversity nétant not completely mastered locally tra 
etely mastered locally training in reef mapping, visual counting diving fish larvae capture and 
in reef mapping, visual counting diving fish larvae capture and identification and juvenile fis 
capture and identification and juvenile fish, and taxonomy of different groups will be offered  
d identification and juvenile fish, and taxonomy of different groups will be offered to local t 
429 4                          in ancient oak forests developped on neutral soils in the lorraine pla 
cient oak forests developped on neutral soils in the lorraine plateau, small as well as cannabi 
ch indicates that the area went back to forest, probably in relation with the need for fuel-woo 
ts that these small cavities in present forests were made by man, or at least used by man in a  
14716 18                             the edaphic ecosystem is complex, scaresly studied, with a large de 
caresly studied, with a large degree of biodiversity with organisms interacting in complex trop 
omplex trophic webs which depend on the productivity of natural and agricultural ecosystems. th 
roductivity of natural and agricultural ecosystems. the isolation, identification and bioecolog 
me of these organisms could lead to the development of new technologies. the aim of the project 
utochtonous strains of entomopathogenic nematodes and evaluate there efficiency as an alternati 
pathogenic nematodes and evaluate there efficiency as an alternative technology in the biologic 
ncy as an alternative technology in the biological control of the lepidoptera spodoptera littor 
podoptera littoralis and phtyoparasitic nematodes of the genus meloidogyne with the aim of prov 
th the aim of providing a base for tthe development of biocontrol agents which are environmenta 
roviding a base for tthe development of biocontrol agents which are environmentally, reducing e 
t the same time avoiding the ecological risk of introducing epn strains from other countries. t 
ion of autochtonous strains of epns; 2. evaluation of their virulence against spodoptera littor 
ect lies within the national program of biodiversity, earth sciences and global change in the n 
ram of biodiversity, earth sciences and global change in the national subprograme of biodiversi 
l change in the national subprograme of biodiversity contributing to the thematic line of new t 
 the thematic line of new technologies, development of technologies in the improvement of enivr 
vement of enivronmental quality in land ecosystems  
2499 12 plied research regarding utilization of marine ecosystems with emphasis on decision modeling of 
esearch regarding utilization of marine ecosystems with emphasis on decision modeling of total  
ne ecosystems with emphasis on decision modeling of total allowable catches in a broad multispe 
roductive ocean areas in the world. the ecosystem is highly dynamic and volatile. the modeling  
tem is highly dynamic and volatile. the modeling of a top-down and multidimensional bioeconomic 
nomic sound and informational efficient management strategies ensuring long term sustainability 
anagement strategies ensuring long term sustainability. due to the level of aggregation the res 
e validated by more detailed biological ecosystem models which, by themselves, lack the ability 
lity to determine optimal policies. the modeling and integration of such a two-stage process ne 
utting-edge academic quality beyond the ph.d. level. a successful outcome of the proposed proje 
onomics and fishery research, numerical modeling of multidimensional stochastic bioprocesses, a 
processes, and operational research and management science.  
10969 13 a significant role in biofouling in the marine environment, and also in the pathogenesis of man 
ficant role in biofouling in the marine environment, and also in the pathogenesis of many infec 
erefore, blocking communication between bacteria may provide a new strategy to prevent bioflim  
ation. it is also probable that aquatic bacteria have evolved mechanisms to disrupt the biofilm 
disrupt the biofilms of other competing bacteria, as a survival strategy. although this has not 
e have recently found that this form of competition occurs. preliminary studies of the effect o 
nary studies of the effect of bacterial competition on biofilm disruption were carried out. a m 
 cell-free supernatant from cultures of marine bacillus licheniformis strain el-34-6 and b. sub 
e biofilm, which was only observed when bacteria were viable, could therefore be an active phys 
s to characterise compounds produced by marine bacilli which bring about dissolution of the mic 
cus bioflim. the extent of this form of competition amongst marine bacteria will also be invest 
ent of this form of competition amongst marine bacteria will also be investigated.  
this form of competition amongst marine bacteria will also be investigated.  
13336 22                          scientists and water managers have collected a vast amount of data on  
have collected a vast amount of data on freshwater organisms, and yet it is rarely possible to  
ed and easily accessible to scientists, policy makers and planners such an integrated and acces 
age of the services provided by aquatic ecosystems, but also to make it possible to establish e 
 establish effective regional plans for conservation. biofresh, a major new fp7 project, will d 
 access to the extensive information on freshwater organisms that is currently stored in the da 
es. the biofresh information portal for freshwater biodiversity will allow scientists and plann 
fresh information portal for freshwater biodiversity will allow scientists and planners to comp 
atterns that will shed new light on how freshwater biodiversity responds to global, european, a 
t will shed new light on how freshwater biodiversity responds to global, european, and local en 
help to reveal the status and trends of freshwater biodiversity, and the services that it provi 
eal the status and trends of freshwater biodiversity, and the services that it provides. scient 
ow various stressors interact to impact freshwater biodiversity. this work will help to shed li 
stressors interact to impact freshwater biodiversity. this work will help to shed light on how  
k will help to shed light on how future climate and socioeconomic pressures will give rise to g 
bal, continental and local responses in freshwater biodiversity. until now, it has not always b 
ental and local responses in freshwater biodiversity. until now, it has not always been easy to 
en easy to incorporate understanding of freshwater biodiversity explicitly into environmental a 
incorporate understanding of freshwater biodiversity explicitly into environmental agreements . 
e aware of the importance and beauty of freshwater biodiversity, and on the other to help polic 
the importance and beauty of freshwater biodiversity, and on the other to help policy makers ta 
 biodiversity, and on the other to help policy makers take decisions based on the best availabl 
12026 2 n this project, we explore the roles of trophic interactions, vertical diversity and nutrient e 
roles of trophic interactions, vertical diversity and nutrient enrichment.  
2511 7             since more than 10e9 years, nature operates endosymbiotic metabolic pathways in euk 
ls. in plants, maintenance of the cells metabolism is compartmentalized. the metabolic stage of 
loroplast are essential to maintain the metabolism of the photoautotrophic developmental state  
 proven extremely valuable to study the development of chloroplasts. upon illumination the onse 
lumination the onset of photoautotrophy development can be precisely controlled to study the pr 
 utilize in darkness, differentiate the function of pigmentation changes in the cytb6f complex, 
 in the cytb6f complex, and resolve the function of chlorophyll binding to the lil3 protein. th 
13485 3                                biogenic phosphorus spectroscopy, the most powerful analysis met 
xperiments and multivariate statistical evaluation of the results. this will answer questions r 
stions regarding which lakes are in the risk of becoming eutrophicated, which p compounds are i 
10561 4                                         carbon is one of the essential elements required for li 
s required for life to exist, alongside energy and liquid water. in contrast to other parts of  
e to exist, alongside energy and liquid water. in contrast to other parts of the earth s biosph 
ts of the earth s biosphere, cycling of carbon compounds beneath glaciers and ice sheets is poo 
15346 2 pproaches: from the observation and the monitoring of the processes up to the modelling, passin 
e monitoring of the processes up to the modelling, passing through the experimentation designed 
15436 2                                  recent warming and variations in atmospheric circulation patte 
years trough the analysis of lake dated sediment cores. we plan to identify similarities and di 
11672 7 l zone contributes significantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the la 
icantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the land by rivers and so reduc 
ing nitrogen washed in from the land by rivers and so reducing its fertilizing impact on the co 
ms, also contribute to the formation of nitrogen gases, some of which are important in global w 
n gases, some of which are important in global warming. while a lot of work has been done to me 
gy of n cycling, developed in the colne estuary, to tropical sediments to determine whether the 
e different or the same as in temperate estuaries; and whether different groups of microorganis 
11794 7 l zone contributes significantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the la 
icantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the land by rivers and so reduc 
ing nitrogen washed in from the land by rivers and so reducing its fertilizing impact on the co 
ms, also contribute to the formation of nitrogen gases, some of which are important in global w 
n gases, some of which are important in global warming. while a lot of work has been done to me 
gy of n cycling, developed in the colne estuary, to tropical sediments to determine whether the 
e different or the same as in temperate estuaries; and whether different groups of microorganis 
10920 2 of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of rad 
volume, the largest fraction predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different  
11710 2 of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of rad 
volume, the largest fraction predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different  
11811 2 of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of rad 
volume, the largest fraction predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different  
11812 2 of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of rad 
volume, the largest fraction predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different  
9904 2 of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of rad 
volume, the largest fraction predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different  
9954 2 of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of rad 
volume, the largest fraction predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different  
7273 11          in complex systems such as the amazon, local migration of freshwater fish are essentia 
mplex systems such as the amazon, local migration of freshwater fish are essential for maintain 
 such as the amazon, local migration of freshwater fish are essential for maintaining biodivers 
e amazon, local migration of freshwater fish are essential for maintaining biodiversity. we pro 
ater fish are essential for maintaining biodiversity. we propose to develop a non - lethal tech 
h resolution, to trace the movements of fish. our approach is to cut water geochemistry data of 
vements of fish. our approach is to cut water geochemistry data of the amazon basin to those ob 
s to cut water geochemistry data of the amazon basin to those obtained by the methods icp- ms - 
hods icp- ms - and - mc- icp- ms in the growth rings of scales, including life history of fish  
n the growth rings of scales, including life history of fish  
gs of scales, including life history of fish  
10398 8  on the microbiota of a rarely explored environment and geochemical data that will provide clue 
 provide clues to the source of the hot water and hence other potential areas for geothermal en 
ce other potential areas for geothermal energy recovery, which could be contribute to the uk s  
r potential areas for geothermal energy recovery, which could be contribute to the uk s renewab 
uld be contribute to the uk s renewable energy portfolio. analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isoto 
rgy portfolio. analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes will be used to identify the source of  
used to identify the source of the deep groundwater, chemical analysis will define the geochemi 
al analysis will define the geochemical environment and process measurements coupled with analy 
11449 1  the moorings will be instrumented with sediment traps, current meters, adcp, thermister chains 
15206 24 yticus is an emerging human pathogen of marine origin that is responsible for large epidemic ou 
m have come to be of great relevance in europe due to the recurrent occurrence of important out 
ence of important outbreaks in galicia, spain. recent studies carried out in galicia have revea 
 of v. parahaemolyticus with pathogenic traits in the marine environment. these data contrast w 
molyticus with pathogenic traits in the marine environment. these data contrast with the low nu 
us with pathogenic traits in the marine environment. these data contrast with the low number of 
arahaemolyticus reported in galicia and spain. furthermore, the genetic characteristics of the  
 the pathogenic strains detected in the marine environment have no relation with the strains ca 
thogenic strains detected in the marine environment have no relation with the strains causing i 
pulations of v. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment of galicia throughout one year. this 
ns of v. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment of galicia throughout one year. this inform 
 information allows us to determine the distribution and population dynamics of pathogenic v. p 
ws us to determine the distribution and population dynamics of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus a 
e environmental factors determining the abundance. in a second stage, the strains obtained in t 
re, as well as to establish the spatial distribution of genotypes in association with the envir 
on of genotypes in association with the environment. the strains recovered from galicia will be 
l and then assess the potential role of marine currents in the shift of v. parahaemolyticus and 
rring the genetic changes promoting the adaptation to new environmental niches. finally, the re 
 strains identified as pathogens in the marine environment could be assessed, allowing for an e 
s identified as pathogens in the marine environment could be assessed, allowing for an evaluati 
ment could be assessed, allowing for an evaluation of the current virulence markers as suitable 
e current virulence markers as suitable indicators of the pathogenic potential of any one strai 
he understanding of v. parahaemolyticus ecology and the molecular basis of its pathogenic poten 
 potential, ultimately allowing for the development of an enhanced environmental surveillance o 
14853 4 ue type of prokaryote within the domain bacteria. studies comprised both intraspecific diversit 
a. studies comprised both intraspecific diversity of cultured representatives, and autoecologic 
d autoecological studies in its natural habitat. however, and as it has been observed, saliniba 
intended to analyze its biogeographical diversity by the use of new methodologies as ft-ms and  
11782 14 humans in the bark of oak trees and the soil around them. partly because sake, wine, beer and b 
r fungus, yet little is known about its ecology. this study will lead to a better understanding 
etter understanding of s. cerevisiae in europe and how far they migrate and mix with their rela 
the world, they have also been found in soils from holland and finland, but they have not yet b 
 not yet been discovered in the oaks of europe. in a recent study, scientists in north america  
ca discovered that pretreating bark and soil with alcohol and sugar led to the isolation of s.  
ven though their occurrence in bark and soil would otherwise rarely be noticed. the use of this 
n oaks. in this study, small amounts of soil, bark or grapes will be taken back to the lab and  
r the purposes of this study, the rapid evolution of centromeres is also very curious. centrome 
, from the most devastating failures in growth and reproduction to reduced fertility among a ye 
nt be evolving so fast might this rapid evolution have consequences for growth, fertility or th 
s rapid evolution have consequences for growth, fertility or the reproductive isolation between 
 data from the investigation into yeast ecology to address this question. these data from natur 
es and consequences of rapid centromere evolution.  
182 6 ject is to reveal the biogeographic and diversity pattern of thelephorales at the forest stand, 
versity pattern of thelephorales at the forest stand, continental and global scales. to study t 
tics and autecology, incl. the means of dispersal of the dominant taxa of thelephorales in bore 
ominant taxa of thelephorales in boreal forests. tomentella radiosa and thelephora terrestris f 
dy population genetics and the means of dispersal in one of the dominant species, tomentella br 
tomentella bryophila or t. stuposa. the distribution of genets of tomentella sp. in transects w 
10249 13 ng our understanding of the patterns of biodiversity in the earth s largest ecosystem. the prop 
 of biodiversity in the earth s largest ecosystem. the proposal is to visit a site on the south 
deep-sea vents support lush colonies of marine life, ultimately nourished by chemicals gushing  
species, revolutionised ideas about how ecosystems can be supplied with energy, and even provid 
out how ecosystems can be supplied with energy, and even provided clues to the origins of life. 
 to understand what controls the global distribution of species in these island-like extreme en 
trial continents - e.g. lions living in africa and tigers in india - but unlike such patterns o 
g. lions living in africa and tigers in india - but unlike such patterns of life on land, the o 
dge system. the international census of marine life has therefore identified the swir as a prio 
ents. as much of what we know about the dispersal of deep-sea species in general comes from stu 
dvance our understanding of patterns of biodiversity in the deep ocean. undertaking the first r 
lect samples of novel organisms for the marine biotechnology sector, and share its discoveries  
by answering a key question in deep-sea ecology, this proposal also addresses nerc s goal of de 
14706 12 fferentiation with knowledge of datable marine barriers . if we can demonstrate the differentia 
testing hypotheses about the historical biogeography of clades that span the barriers concerned 
tes of differentiation and knowledge of marine barriers, to investigate the history of reptile  
roups that occur around the westernmost mediterranean basin. this region, considered one of the 
. this region, considered one of the 25 biodiversity hot-spots of the planet, is ideal for such 
uch a project as a number of well-dated marine barriers have occurred in it and the reptile and 
 1.- infer the geographical history and evolution of the reptiles and amphibians around the wes 
s and amphibians around the westernmost mediterranean basin; 2.- characterize and compare the m 
esults will be used to test the current taxonomy of the groups concerned. this project will pro 
r improvements in reptile and amphibian taxonomy as well as for assessing conservation prioriti 
ibian taxonomy as well as for assessing conservation priorities. it will also make an excellent 
tudies in this and other regions of the mediterranean basin.  
14505 2 ural laboratory for the study of island biogeography and evolutionary proceses. in the case of  
r propagules might allow large distance dispersal at a higher frequency than that observed in v 
14601 3 ural laboratory for the study of island biogeography and evolutionary proceses. in the case of  
r propagules might allow large distance dispersal at a higher frequency than that observed in v 
to test the hypothesis of long distance dispersal through the north atlantic by wind.  
14937 17             the geographic structure of biodiversity is primarily determined by species distrib 
distributions, but at the intraspecific scale it is fine tuned by population differentiation. e 
ne tuned by population differentiation. evolution of parasite resistance could drive hosts popu 
 differentiation. evolution of parasite resistance could drive hosts population differentiation 
hosts population differentiation if the distribution of parasites is heterogeneous among hosts  
ng hosts populations. understanding the biogeography of host-parasite relationships is importan 
parasite relationships is important for biodiversity conservation in a world in which parasites 
orted worldwide due to global trade and climate change. this project will study the biogeograph 
ate change. this project will study the biogeography of host-parasite interactions using the bl 
we will examine to what extent parasite distribution drives the evolution of the mhc in the bla 
extent parasite distribution drives the evolution of the mhc in the blackcap at the same geogra 
iation in the context of the geographic distribution of parasites. the results of this project  
 to have a high impact in the fields of ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation biology. 
ds of ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation biology. in addition, characterising the m 
ddition to the study of this species, a model in ecology and evolution. the project will also a 
o the study of this species, a model in ecology and evolution. the project will also allow trai 
of this species, a model in ecology and evolution. the project will also allow training phd stu 
15129 1 nections of the macaronesian corticioid fungi, by including new surveys from cape verde archipe 
6808 5 ctuidae and thyatiridae fauna were: the adaptation to the decreasing humidity of the winter per 
 of the winter period combined with the evolution of different hibernation strategies. these pr 
tic lines often used the same tracks of dispersal as some dominant groups of the vegetation and 
ispersal as some dominant groups of the vegetation and dispersal show a group-specific hierarch 
e dominant groups of the vegetation and dispersal show a group-specific hierarchical pattern.  
11728 8 opanoids, which are synthesised by many bacteria and preserved in sediments, have enormous pote 
rial populations, and for environmental/climate change. this research will develop analytical p 
ation of intact complex biohopanoids in bacteria and environmental samples. the method will be  
abase of the biohopanoid composition of bacteria, defining markers for specific bacteria or bac 
bacteria, defining markers for specific bacteria or bacterial groups, which will form the theor 
l form the theoretical basis for future development of molecular tools to address microbial bio 
of molecular tools to address microbial biodiversity in natural environments and global change. 
iodiversity in natural environments and global change.  
14115 18 racter of the components of the natural environment and integrated impact of human induced devi 
multiple response of natural systems to human impact and economic importance of monitoring acti 
human impact and economic importance of monitoring activities required to use different from tr 
 only are people now a direct threat to wildlife, but this extinction is also an indirect threa 
w a direct threat to wildlife, but this extinction is also an indirect threat to future human w 
on is also an indirect threat to future human well-being because of loss of biodiversity, parti 
ure human well-being because of loss of biodiversity, particularly of vital keystone species th 
cies that perform critical tasks within ecosystems. there continues to be a steady decline in t 
o be a steady decline in the quality of biodiversity, despite the adoption of a number of poten 
tially powerful directives, such as the birds directive, the habitats directive etc. objectives 
 implement methods of biomonitoring for evaluation of air and precipitation pollution distribut 
biomonitoring for evaluation of air and precipitation pollution distribution . 2.develop and im 
for evaluation of air and precipitation pollution distribution . 2.develop and implement biolog 
tion of air and precipitation pollution distribution . 2.develop and implement biological indic 
ogical indication methods in remote and urban areas. 3.to use bioindicational methods in evalua 
as. 3.to use bioindicational methods in evaluation of human activities impact on natural commun 
tural communities and for indication of nature conservation value of communities. 4.to develop  
indicational methods as a component for assessment of legal environmental assessments.  
15264 4  we have named a syndrome of strandings stress , in which clinical signs and lesions founded ar 
ate seriously a previous situation of a disease in the stranded animals, at the time that can d 
t the time that can determine the later rehabilitation, causing a failure of the therapy and th 
ausing a failure of the therapy and the recovery of the involved animals. the purpose of our st 
1101 16 dels for phylogenetic studies, from the development and application of new computational method 
e and proteome, to studies on molecular modeling from protein structure-function studies are co 
lecular modeling from protein structure-function studies are coordinated and lead to a national 
cts are useful for the whole scientific community. the presence in the group of several profess 
arning activities or simply through the production of multimedia support material for training. 
bases and with analysis packages; - the development of new technologies for database indexing a 
 of palermo. wp2. comparative genomics. development of new computational methods for the analys 
divided into 4 activities as follows: - development of new method for evolutionary studies and  
ry studies and phylogenetic analysis; - development of new computational methods for sequence a 
 be on the use of agent technologies; - development of computational methods for microarray dat 
and genome sequences of human and other model organisms; - transcriptome and proteome analysis; 
ch of regulatory elements. wp4. protein modeling divided into four activities as follows: - lar 
nto four activities as follows: - large scale modeling of globular and membrane proteins, - mul 
ur activities as follows: - large scale modeling of globular and membrane proteins, - multidime 
ar dynamics of dna-protein complexes; - development of algorithms and calculation codes for thr 
calculation codes for three-dimensional modeling of biological macromolecules. wp5. implementat 
12036 8 entional and unintentional invasions of insects description of invasions and processes at play  
processes at play during invasions most biological invasions are a threat to biodiversity, huma 
st biological invasions are a threat to biodiversity, human health and agriculture. yet the par 
hreat to biodiversity, human health and agriculture. yet the parameters that determine their su 
imental limitations. the description of biological invasions is difficult because its early sta 
 stages designed to infer the routes of invasion have been developed and made available to the  
ave highlighted an original scenario of invasion which applies to three invasive species consid 
ario of invasion which applies to three invasive species considered: the invasive bridgehead sc 
7642 13                                         functional traits of organisms are central to their ada 
raits of organisms are central to their adaptation to environments in which they live. secondly 
ironments in which they live. secondly, soil invertebrates heavily involved in the operation of 
ents in which they live. secondly, soil invertebrates heavily involved in the operation of the  
eavily involved in the operation of the soil and thus to the provision of ecosystem services. b 
f the soil and thus to the provision of ecosystem services. betsi the project aims to synthesiz 
nformation on biological and ecological functional traits of soil invertebrates. originality of 
cal and ecological functional traits of soil invertebrates. originality of this project lies in 
nd ecological functional traits of soil invertebrates. originality of this project lies in the  
ns in the macro- and meso- fauna of the soil and thus a wide spectrum of biological strategies. 
al strategies. the approach consists of monitoring tools specific to the compartment ' soil ' e 
ing tools specific to the compartment ' soil ' ecosystems  
ls specific to the compartment ' soil ' ecosystems  
15074 9                                 because spain shows one of the lowest fertility rates in the wo 
ncidence of prematurity, low weight and mortality at birth. existing regional variation due to  
nces, autonomous communities, and rural-urban environments, justify the achievement of a geogra 
 1-analyze for the period 1983-2007 the evolution of the number of deliveries per province and  
 deliveries per province and autonomous community, single and multiple deliveries, dystrophic p 
accomplished regarding the maternal age distribution and newborn weight. 2- identify territoria 
fy territorial variations responding to heterogeneity for observed values. 3- identify relevant 
 in a second stage curves for the whole spain are to be obtained. 4- relate the number of birth 
ewborns per province and per autonomous community that could require special neonatal care.  
14743 8                                         invasive species can pose a major threat to the biotic  
s can pose a major threat to the biotic diversity and integrity of ecosystems. the mechanisms t 
o the biotic diversity and integrity of ecosystems. the mechanisms that permit the initial esta 
establishment and eventual expansion of invasive species in aquatic systems are not well unders 
 study of this issue are to: assess the habitat use and movement patterns in several aquatic ec 
nd movement patterns in several aquatic ecosystems in order to evaluate the dispersion capacity 
the integration of these factors into a risk assessment protocol for use across spain.  
risk assessment protocol for use across spain.  
15120 31 d structure of the communities, and the food web organization. the high environmental variabili 
high environmental variability, such as water level, nutrient or salinity fluctuations, and the 
ility, such as water level, nutrient or salinity fluctuations, and the environmental constraint 
 the environmental constraints, such as drought in temporary ponds or confinement in coastal la 
oastal lagoons, are determinant for the community structure in mediterranean shallow lentic eco 
erminant for the community structure in mediterranean shallow lentic ecosystems. the effects of 
ructure in mediterranean shallow lentic ecosystems. the effects of the physical control act dir 
he physical control act directly on the community structure, by means of the species selection  
t also indirectly due to changes in the food web organization. the influence of the environment 
 of the environmental conditions on the biological traits of the top predators explains these c 
ons on the biological traits of the top predators explains these changes and could imply a modi 
s and could imply a modification of the predation pressure on the aquatic community. the main o 
f the predation pressure on the aquatic community. the main objective of this project is to ana 
ctive of this project is to analyse the predation effects on the food web functioning in medite 
to analyse the predation effects on the food web functioning in mediterranean water bodies, and 
 effects on the food web functioning in mediterranean water bodies, and to identify if the abio 
e food web functioning in mediterranean water bodies, and to identify if the abiotic factors, c 
iotic factors, characteristics of these ecosystems, modify or regulate the predation effects. i 
hese ecosystems, modify or regulate the predation effects. in order to reach this objective we  
ective we will study two shallow lentic ecosystems: temporary ponds, where the drought is a det 
 ecosystems: temporary ponds, where the drought is a determining factor; and confined coastal l 
 high variability of nutrient input and salinity are reported. these studies take into account  
 account different trophic levels, from fish predation to intraguild predation in the microbial 
unt different trophic levels, from fish predation to intraguild predation in the microbial loop 
 trophic levels, from fish predation to intraguild predation in the microbial loop. we will dev 
iments, using mesocosms with or without predator presence, as well as field studies in sites wi 
field studies in sites with high or low predation density, in which we will compare the communi 
ies in sites with high or low predation density, in which we will compare the community structu 
n density, in which we will compare the community structure. in all the studies we will perform 
in all the studies we will perform, the community structure will be analysed by means of two ap 
oaches, taxonomic and functional, using community size structure.  
11185 5           this project would enable the participation of stephen archer in an exciting, new zea 
ation of stephen archer in an exciting, new zealand-led experiment in the southern ocean that w 
 responsible for the measurement of the production rates of dimethylsulphoniopropionate analysi 
system that will substantially increase productivity and to cover voyage-participation costs.  
crease productivity and to cover voyage-participation costs.  
10129 11 y to quantify the influence of climatic warming on the emission of co2 from soil by investigati 
tic warming on the emission of co2 from soil by investigating how soil biological and functiona 
n of co2 from soil by investigating how soil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope 
y investigating how soil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where tha 
oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and  
ity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and emitted - ie how much labeled co2 is 
ted and which organisms use it in their metabolism. this will give us valuable information to i 
ortant for constraining the response by soil respiration to climatic change and use our laborat 
 a new understanding of the response by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test h 
esponse by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test how important biological diver 
 warming and we will test how important biological diversity is for controlling and constrainin 
10417 11 y to quantify the influence of climatic warming on the emission of co2 from soil by investigati 
tic warming on the emission of co2 from soil by investigating how soil biological and functiona 
n of co2 from soil by investigating how soil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope 
y investigating how soil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where tha 
oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and  
ity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and emitted - ie how much labeled co2 is 
ted and which organisms use it in their metabolism. this will give us valuable information to i 
ortant for constraining the response by soil respiration to climatic change and use our laborat 
 a new understanding of the response by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test h 
esponse by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test how important biological diver 
 warming and we will test how important biological diversity is for controlling and constrainin 
11411 11 y to quantify the influence of climatic warming on the emission of co2 from soil by investigati 
tic warming on the emission of co2 from soil by investigating how soil biological and functiona 
n of co2 from soil by investigating how soil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope 
y investigating how soil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where tha 
oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and  
ity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and emitted - ie how much labeled co2 is 
ted and which organisms use it in their metabolism. this will give us valuable information to i 
ortant for constraining the response by soil respiration to climatic change and use our laborat 
 a new understanding of the response by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test h 
esponse by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test how important biological diver 
 warming and we will test how important biological diversity is for controlling and constrainin 
9891 11 y to quantify the influence of climatic warming on the emission of co2 from soil by investigati 
tic warming on the emission of co2 from soil by investigating how soil biological and functiona 
n of co2 from soil by investigating how soil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope 
y investigating how soil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where tha 
oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and  
ity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and emitted - ie how much labeled co2 is 
ted and which organisms use it in their metabolism. this will give us valuable information to i 
ortant for constraining the response by soil respiration to climatic change and use our laborat 
 a new understanding of the response by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test h 
esponse by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test how important biological diver 
 warming and we will test how important biological diversity is for controlling and constrainin 
13943 2                                     the convention on biological diversity . recent reserch str 
n biological diversity . recent reserch stress the insufficient connection that exist between g 
14420 23                                         wetlands on the flood plane of the lower danube concent 
 of the lower danube concentrate a huge biological diversity. they are a source of significant  
project aims to study the effect of the climate factors, biological interrelations, environment 
al parameters of the hydroecosystems of wetlands on the flood plane of the lower danube as a ba 
e of the lower danube as a base for the management of the ecological status of water bodies, su 
 management of the ecological status of water bodies, sustaining the biodiversity, supporting t 
 status of water bodies, sustaining the biodiversity, supporting the sustainable ecosystem func 
iodiversity, supporting the sustainable ecosystem functioning and optimal use of their biologic 
ogical researches will be combined with gis-based and remote methods for describing and evaluat 
d and remote methods for describing and evaluation of the hydro-morphological parameters of wat 
f the hydro-morphological parameters of water bodies used for predictive flooding scenarios. pr 
ter bodies used for predictive flooding scenarios. processing and interpretation of the data wi 
qualitative and quantitative models for evaluation and prediction of the behaviour of studied s 
s as well. recent information about the biodiversity and the environmental status in wetlands w 
versity and the environmental status in wetlands will be obtained. clarification of the main me 
n of the main mechanisms supporting the ecological integrity of the riparian wetlands with diff 
porting the ecological integrity of the riparian wetlands with different flooding regime is an  
he ecological integrity of the riparian wetlands with different flooding regime is an expected  
the results obtained will be useful for development of the multidisciplinary approach in decisi 
nt of the multidisciplinary approach in decision making with a view to support the biodiversity 
ision making with a view to support the biodiversity and to optimize the wetland’s functions un 
rt the biodiversity and to optimize the wetland’s functions under intensive anthropogenic press 
nsive anthropogenic pressure and global climate changes.  
12681 6  process for collating and reporting on climate change induced trends in the abundance and dist 
on climate change induced trends in the abundance and distribution of native species and in the 
nge induced trends in the abundance and distribution of native species and in the extent and co 
species and habitats most vulnerable to climate change. it will identify, develop and update in 
e. it will identify, develop and update indicators of climate change induced trends which will  
ntify, develop and update indicators of climate change induced trends which will be available o 
14703 7                                         mediterranean river ecosystems, mainly in low and mid-o 
                    mediterranean river ecosystems, mainly in low and mid-order reaches, are su 
ariations can be accentuated because of climate change effects. discharge changes drive biogeoc 
vance. it is then necessary to know the function of the biological communities during such chan 
icrobial loop. an important quantity of energy and matter processed by the river is flowing thr 
 the different hydrologic conditions of mediterranean rivers.  
 hydrologic conditions of mediterranean rivers.  
2550 18   recent isolation of thermoacidophilic methane-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the verrucomicr 
 of thermoacidophilic methane-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the verrucomicrobia lineage of ev 
nging to the verrucomicrobia lineage of evolution has expanded our understanding of the diversi 
n has expanded our understanding of the diversity of biological methane oxidation. these microo 
standing of the diversity of biological methane oxidation. these microorganisms share the uniqu 
ganisms share the unique ability to use methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as a sole carbon and  
ane, a potent greenhouse gas, as a sole carbon and energy source. methylacidiphilum kamchatkens 
nt greenhouse gas, as a sole carbon and energy source. methylacidiphilum kamchatkense, strain k 
in kamchatka, russia, will be used as a model for further molecular and physiological analyses  
molecular and physiological analyses of methane oxidation in these organisms, which possess 3-4 
ved operons each encoding 3 particulate methane monooxygenase protein subunits. preliminary ana 
onally expressed in kam1 under standard growth conditions. through further transcriptional and  
novel subcellular micro-compartment for methane oxidation, compensating for the lack of the typ 
so play a role in detoxification and/or carbon assimilation. the organelles will be purified fr 
r functional role will be assessed. the diversity and activity of methanotrophic verrucomicrobi 
ct will provide novel insights into the evolution and diversity of biological methane oxidation 
e novel insights into the evolution and diversity of biological methane oxidation, a presumed a 
e evolution and diversity of biological methane oxidation, a presumed ancient metabolic trait a 
14702 19 luvial systems and they form the global food web in streams. the trophic structure of fauna, fr 
ms and they form the global food web in streams. the trophic structure of fauna, from protozoa  
orm the global food web in streams. the trophic structure of fauna, from protozoa to macroinver 
ic structure of fauna, from protozoa to macroinvertebrates, has a relevant role in organic matt 
roinvertebrates, has a relevant role in organic matter processing and in biofilm structure. ben 
base to material availability and their efficiency depends on organic matter inputs and autocht 
ability and their efficiency depends on organic matter inputs and autochthonous primary product 
organic matter inputs and autochthonous primary production. in mediterranean streams these char 
nd autochthonous primary production. in mediterranean streams these characteristics are submitt 
us primary production. in mediterranean streams these characteristics are submitted to importan 
 besides changes on light intensity and temperature modulate intensity and relevance of biologi 
other biofilm compartments in different stream substrates and in hyporreic and riparian sedimen 
 stream substrates and in hyporreic and riparian sediments. in this sense we studied: 1 quality 
 and quantity of material inputs in the stream; 2 diversity and biomass of microfauna, meiofaun 
ity of material inputs in the stream; 2 diversity and biomass of microfauna, meiofauna and macr 
l inputs in the stream; 2 diversity and biomass of microfauna, meiofauna and macroinvertebrates 
nd biomass of microfauna, meiofauna and macroinvertebrates; and 3 trophic relationships between 
nt hydrologic events characteristics of mediterranean streams.  
events characteristics of mediterranean streams.  
14558 6 ee of parasitic infection.. analysis of abundance estimation will contribute to characterise th 
yrenean populations. analyses of use of habitat and space will allow, respectively, to clarify  
o highlight its spatial requirements in function of individual space use. parasitological studi 
out sacrificing any animal, to know the nature of parasitic helminthofauna, potential diet, and 
 be useful for the design and implement management and conservation plans for the species  
the design and implement management and conservation plans for the species  
14421 21                                         invasive alien species . bulgaria is among the countrie 
es . bulgaria is among the countries in europe with rather insufficiently developed national ca 
estigate into and better understand the distribution, biology, ecology and paths of invasion of 
r understand the distribution, biology, ecology and paths of invasion of the invasive alien spe 
ribution, biology, ecology and paths of invasion of the invasive alien species in the bulgarian 
y, ecology and paths of invasion of the invasive alien species in the bulgarian flora and contr 
ative effects on the native species and ecosystems. the following methods will be used: field o 
karyological, molecular, embryological, gis-mapping, experimental, etc. in order to study popul 
ological, molecular, embryological, gis-mapping, experimental, etc. in order to study populatio 
haracteristics of ias, past and current distribution, plant communities susceptible for particu 
ses and effectiveness of the methods of mitigation and control. it is expected that at the and  
 following results will be achieved: 1. gis-distribution maps of the invasive aliens species. 2 
lowing results will be achieved: 1. gis-distribution maps of the invasive aliens species. 2. be 
species. 2. better understanding of the ecology, biology, paths of introduction and spread of t 
 introduction and spread of the studied invasive species and their impact on the local biodiver 
e species and their impact on the local biodiversity. 3. identified trends of invasive alien va 
 alien vascular plants. 5. measures for mitigation and control of worst ias tested. 6. paramete 
tested. 6. parameters from the national monitoring system relevant to ias tested 7. draft for a 
 a book on the invasive and potentially invasive species in the bulgarian flora. 9. a web-site  
b-site for the invasive and potentially invasive species in the bulgarian flora. project result 
ions to international conventions, e.g. convention on biological diversity and bern convention. 
7610 1 t involves the study of the biology and ecology of biofilms formed by a representative of a maj 
15280 14 a are a common component of prokaryotic freshwater plankton, but most have been unknown to limn 
ong ago with their functions, roles and distribution in inland waters well established. however 
 established. however, knowledge of the distribution and functions of archaea have increased dr 
 most of them and no evidences on their metabolism or role within the ecosystem are available.  
 on their metabolism or role within the ecosystem are available. to overcome current limitation 
le in biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems acting as nitrificant chemoauto/mixo-trophs  
as nitrificant chemoauto/mixo-trophs in soils and waters and efficiently competing with nitrifi 
 efficiently competing with nitrificant bacteria. however, there is still a lack of basic knowl 
on both archaeal biology and population ecology to understand population dynamics and distribut 
gy and population ecology to understand population dynamics and distributions in natural enviro 
e natural frameworks to follow archaeal population dynamics using several molecular and geochem 
igh-resolution technologies to describe community composition, the assembly rules, evaluation o 
munity composition, the assembly rules, evaluation of the impact of their activity in the carbo 
 of the impact of their activity in the carbon fluxes, and metagenomic and 454 pyrosequencing t 
15281 8  application of molecular techniques in microbial ecology has discovered the enormous wealth an 
 has discovered the enormous wealth and abundance of archaea both in aquatic environments and t 
ies, optimal physiological activity and function in the ecosystem. only combining advanced mole 
siological activity and function in the ecosystem. only combining advanced molecular and bioinf 
ll become familiar with the biology and ecology of these organisms. stratified lakes with seaso 
ia are of great interest for studies of microbial ecology and the various bodies of water that  
obial ecology and the various bodies of water that divides the physical-chemical gradient verti 
he lake and determine their role in the ecosystem functioning  
14575 8                                         biological invasions have become so widespread to const 
e a significant component of the global environmental change and are viewed as one of the most  
ost important determinants of change in biodiversity at a global scale, usually with harmful ec 
s of change in biodiversity at a global scale, usually with harmful ecological and economic eff 
armful ecological and economic effects. ants, by being ever-present and by their huge number, h 
hids, through interference with natural predators and parasitoids and, accordingly, an eventual 
interference with natural predators and parasitoids and, accordingly, an eventual harmful effec 
an eventual harmful effect in tangerine production.  
14951 6                                         ants have been described as centre of ecological intera 
cal interactions. by their ubiquity and abundance, ants establish many kinds of relations with  
tions. by their ubiquity and abundance, ants establish many kinds of relations with other organ 
he completion of the map of the iberian distribution of the two supercolonies described in euro 
n of the two supercolonies described in europe of the argentine ant. for this species, we would 
e would complete the study of the local distribution of both supercolonies in the streets, park 
13732 19 plied to create fast-growing transgenic fish, which are of great commercial interest to shorten 
of great commercial interest to shorten production cycles and increase food production. however 
ten production cycles and increase food production. however, there is growing concern over the  
growing concern over the impact escaped growth hormone transgenic fish may have on the natural  
mpact escaped growth hormone transgenic fish may have on the natural environment. to predict th 
transgenic fish may have on the natural environment. to predict these risks it is crucial to ob 
itness of transgenic and non-transgenic fish under nature-like conditions. empirical data on th 
ransgenic and non-transgenic fish under nature-like conditions. empirical data on this is, howe 
r, lacking at present. since transgenic fish cannot be released to the wild, studies on these f 
 released to the wild, studies on these fish must be carried out in specially contained laborat 
 of the potential risks associated with production of transgenic fish. in addition, these trans 
ssociated with production of transgenic fish. in addition, these transgenic fish will be used b 
nic fish. in addition, these transgenic fish will be used both to increase our understanding of 
ones interact with the organism and its environment to regulate behaviour, and to examine evolu 
o examine evolutionary questions of why growth in nature often is below that physiologically po 
evolutionary questions of why growth in nature often is below that physiologically possible. by 
rmance of transgenic and non-transgenic fish at different life-stages and under various environ 
nder various environmental settings, an assessment of the relative success of transgenic fish u 
t of the relative success of transgenic fish under natural conditions can be made.  
15026 6 on oriented study about the biology and taxonomy of the six porphyra species found in the iberi 
ously the study of the fenology and the habitat will complement it. these experiments will allo 
s. this assay will let to establish the life history and the optima conditions molecular experi 
and similitude between the atlantic and mediterranean species and we will be able to describe p 
ll set up the optima conditions for the development and growth of the iberian species, essentia 
tima conditions for the development and growth of the iberian species, essential for future use 
14494 22 th extreme environmental conditions for earthworms such as sandy, degraded and low nutrient soi 
uch as sandy, degraded and low nutrient soils where commonly this species develops adaptative f 
 which could allow us to understand the soil fauna biology in that sort of environments. furthe 
l to forget that it seems to approach a climate change that could involve an increase of the su 
f the surface of arid and poor nutrient soils where this species could stands for the main zoom 
will provide us information about their function in iberian soil, including agriculture ones wh 
rmation about their function in iberian soil, including agriculture ones where they are very of 
eir function in iberian soil, including agriculture ones where they are very often dominant spe 
ies. must point out the interest of the soil fauna study in agrarian systems by its important r 
rarian systems by its important role in soil fertility, development of organic fertilizers, imp 
y its important role in soil fertility, development of organic fertilizers, improvement of phys 
physical and chemical properties of the soil, mainly at the present time when the ecological fa 
future. taking as a starting point that earthworms activity modifies physical, chemical and bio 
, chemical and biological properties of soils, and their activity patterns depend on biological 
and reproduction and also depend on the adaptation to environmental conditions. according to th 
 we try to study the infiltration rate, water retention and loss of soil. on the biological pro 
ation rate, water retention and loss of soil. on the biological properties the interest will be 
 the study of the relationships between earthworms, acari and collembola. the earthworm activit 
nthly sampling and quantifying the cast production in laboratory microcosms and jail microcosms 
the third year. the alimentation of the earthworms will be studied also. in h. elisae the we tr 
y to investigate the transformations of organic matter during gut transit and their influences  
 cycles. in a. caliginosa an d a. rosea soil selection, gut transit time, gut content and event 
14788 11 t accumulators of metals and respond to pollution in a sensitive and measurable manner being wi 
dely used as sentinels of environmental pollution in soils. several authors suggested that slug 
sentinels of environmental pollution in soils. several authors suggested that slugs can be used 
ors suggested that slugs can be used in soil health assessment in the manner that mussels and o 
d that slugs can be used in soil health assessment in the manner that mussels and other mollusc 
 mussels and other molluscs are used in marine pollution monitoring programs to design a worldw 
s and other molluscs are used in marine pollution monitoring programs to design a worldwide slu 
r molluscs are used in marine pollution monitoring programs to design a worldwide slug-watch pr 
ram based on the biomarker approach for soil pollution monitoring.  
ased on the biomarker approach for soil pollution monitoring.  
e biomarker approach for soil pollution monitoring.  
15564 30 d 30 eu experts in eukaryotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, gen 
ts in eukaryotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and mol 
yotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biol 
onomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and molecular biology, bioinformatics 
lar biology, bioinformatics, as well as marine economy and policy, to assess the taxonomic dept 
ormatics, as well as marine economy and policy, to assess the taxonomic depth, environmental si 
ications of arguably the least explored biodiversity compartment in the biosphere: the unicellu 
the unicellular eukaryotes or protists. marine protists typically live in huge populations with 
a and new methods for future surveys of marine biodiversity change and for evaluation of its ec 
ew methods for future surveys of marine biodiversity change and for evaluation of its ecologica 
s of marine biodiversity change and for evaluation of its ecological and economic cost. the bio 
 database will become the largest world community resource on marine unicellular eukaryotic bio 
the largest world community resource on marine unicellular eukaryotic biodiversity, providing a 
source on marine unicellular eukaryotic biodiversity, providing a reference platform for curren 
re projects dealing with this important biodiversity compartment, and elevating the european co 
compartment, and elevating the european community to the forefront of marine eukaryote microbia 
 european community to the forefront of marine eukaryote microbial ecology. by connecting the m 
ty to the forefront of marine eukaryote microbial ecology. by connecting the most modern sequen 
ing technology to eu experts in protist taxonomy, biomarks will valorize an invaluable traditio 
data and new methods to a wide range of stakeholders and for scientific and public education. s 
eral international research programs on marine biodiversity, major genetic databases and protis 
ternational research programs on marine biodiversity, major genetic databases and protist cultu 
te agencies involved in legislation and monitoring of coastal marine waters, foundations and co 
n legislation and monitoring of coastal marine waters, foundations and companies with interest  
ndations and companies with interest in marine biotechnologies, as well as key scientific perso 
ientific personalities in the fields of marine science and biodiversity have already expressed  
ies in the fields of marine science and biodiversity have already expressed their interest in b 
impact publications, a co-authored book biodiversity of marine eukaryotes, and a public exhibit 
ons, a co-authored book biodiversity of marine eukaryotes, and a public exhibition the coevolut 
 a public exhibition the coevolution of marine protists and the planet earth by the end of the  
11506 6                                         biomass energy makes up 77% of the world primary renewa 
                                biomass energy makes up 77% of the world primary renewable ener 
s up 77% of the world primary renewable energy mix - or 10% of the total world energy mix will  
 energy mix - or 10% of the total world energy mix will help design appropriate research, commu 
tions for transition towards increasing biomass use. policy analyses will be formulated so that 
nsition towards increasing biomass use. policy analyses will be formulated so that research fin 
11601 18 tury is to improve our knowledge on how global change, including climate change and human modif 
owledge on how global change, including climate change and human modifications of the earth s s 
 earth system, the status, dynamics and evolution of the terrestrial biosphere are the least un 
ast understood and most uncertain. this uncertainty runs across the whole gamut of scales, from 
hat the land surface is suffering large-scale and rapid changes in response to human demands fo 
esources, with serious consequences for climate, biodiversity and sustainability. current gridd 
 with serious consequences for climate, biodiversity and sustainability. current gridded biomas 
sequences for climate, biodiversity and sustainability. current gridded biomass information sui 
ity and sustainability. current gridded biomass information suitable for carbon cycle and earth 
ridded biomass information suitable for carbon cycle and earth system models does not exist, no 
istent, accurate and frequently updated mapping of forest area, structure and change needed for 
urate and frequently updated mapping of forest area, structure and change needed for biodiversi 
t area, structure and change needed for biodiversity and forest management investigations. this 
 and change needed for biodiversity and forest management investigations. this need is urgent a 
 missions or any other data source. the biomass p-band radar will provide a unique, major contr 
antify the terrestrial component of the carbon cycle and its links to the water cycle, will pro 
f the carbon cycle and its links to the water cycle, will provide information of major importan 
n of major importance for societies and ecosystems, and will help to fill a crucial gap in the  
11467 4 key scientific challenge is quantifying ecosystem biomass and productivity by scaling up observ 
ific challenge is quantifying ecosystem biomass and productivity by scaling up observations fro 
ge is quantifying ecosystem biomass and productivity by scaling up observations from individual 
dividual holes to the glacier/ice sheet scale. highspy, our knowledge transfer partner have dev 
6917 3 orphological characters relevant to the evolution of the reproductive isolation and in speciati 
s and the polyandry, and with the sperm competition 2. can we detect the principle of parsimony 
ciple of parsimony in the morphological evolution of the copulatory organs 3. whether the simil 
14901 2  aim is to obtain the three-dimensional distribution of crystallites and of their crystallograp 
cture which can be explained by crystal growth processes constitute the purely morphological se 
14924 9 ated the biomineralization ability of a soil bacterium: myxococcus xanthus. among this ability  
 of the most important findings are the production of vaterite, the production of magnesian cal 
ngs are the production of vaterite, the production of magnesian calcite by m. xanthus and the o 
 to study in detail bacterially induced precipitation of vaterite and dolomite. therefore, the  
r study of bacterially-induced vaterite precipitation, in particular, to get a better understan 
culture medium that ends up in vaterite precipitation versus the precipitation of any other cal 
up in vaterite precipitation versus the precipitation of any other calcium carbonate polymorph. 
ite, we intend to study dolomite induce precipitation by m. xanthus and by other bacteria in no 
recipitation by m. xanthus and by other bacteria in non-hipersaline conditions. so far, dolomit 
10797 12 was also common in the past in britain. poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are ke 
n in the past in britain. poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors in i 
 poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors in its occurrence today. the  
ey factors in its occurrence today. the disease can be caused by any one of five related bacter 
an be caused by any one of five related bacteria known as the mycobacterium tuberculosis comple 
can also be infected, especially if the disease is caught by eating or drinking infected foods. 
n. we think tb came to britain from the mediterranean region but to confirm this idea we would  
letons with that in bones from southern europe. similarly, we believe that there were changes i 
h as immigration, changes in population density, and changes in the environment. there are also 
 population density, and changes in the environment. there are also interesting questions about 
re also interesting questions about the evolution of tb in the new world after contact with eur 
is work with skeletons from britain and europe. our project partners in arizona state universit 
11565 12 was also common in the past in britain. poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are ke 
n in the past in britain. poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors in i 
 poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors in its occurrence today. the  
ey factors in its occurrence today. the disease can be caused by any one of five related bacter 
an be caused by any one of five related bacteria known as the mycobacterium tuberculosis comple 
can also be infected, especially if the disease is caught by eating or drinking infected foods. 
n. we think tb came to britain from the mediterranean region but to confirm this idea we would  
letons with that in bones from southern europe. similarly, we believe that there were changes i 
h as immigration, changes in population density, and changes in the environment. there are also 
 population density, and changes in the environment. there are also interesting questions about 
re also interesting questions about the evolution of tb in the new world after contact with eur 
is work with skeletons from britain and europe. our project partners in arizona state universit 
15087 15                          a quantitative risk assessment based only on exposure and toxicity is  
o point towards the cause of a specific environmental change. in the second place, non-destruct 
tching eggs could be useful in exposure assessment and risk prediction in populations of raptor 
ld be useful in exposure assessment and risk prediction in populations of raptors. in the secon 
ations of raptors. in the second place, birds which inhabit areas of known environmental pollut 
ch inhabit areas of known environmental pollution could allow us to identify exposure ranges an 
behavioural parameters, clinical signs, population dynamics, etc. long-term studies could not o 
ime-dependent but also responses of the birds to chronic exposure. this information could be ve 
 useful in concrete episodes of massive mortality of wild birds when decisions on population ma 
e episodes of massive mortality of wild birds when decisions on population management, protecte 
wild birds when decisions on population management, protected areas or endangered species must  
hen decisions on population management, protected areas or endangered species must be taken. in 
pulation management, protected areas or endangered species must be taken. in the third place, t 
 cadmium and organochlorine exposure in forest raptor species. finally, the last aim of this st 
based on results obtained from previous monitoring studies.  
7613 14 ctivities are generating strong organic pollution to environmental impacts. a significant fract 
 generating strong organic pollution to environmental impacts. a significant fraction of these  
he liquid / solid interface between the water and sediment particles or the soil organic matter 
/ solid interface between the water and sediment particles or the soil organic matter, and liqu 
the water and sediment particles or the soil organic matter, and liquid / liquid interfaces for 
quid / liquid interfaces formed between water and the hydrophobic liquid organic pollutants, an 
the pollutants, they do not predict the ecosystem's ability to degrade the. a possible strategy 
 possible strategy is to use additional monitoring means based on biological, or bioindicators. 
ed on biological, or bioindicators. the development of different types of bio-indicators will p 
e development of different types of bio-indicators will provide innovative tools for decision s 
or decision support in the treatment of pollution. these indicators may be biosensors consist o 
rt in the treatment of pollution. these indicators may be biosensors consist of a bacterial str 
nes whose presence and expression in an environment indicate the presence of a pollutant. such  
ition of pollutant molecules present in bacteria degrading.  
12048 4 and remote island with amazing specific richness and endemism. the project is aimed at investig 
land with amazing specific richness and endemism. the project is aimed at investigating the rel 
 investigating the relationships of the endemism with environmental factors in different groups 
isms and at understanding the origin of endemism by studying phylogenetics and population genet 
14954 6 hich a previous study of representative bacteria will be performed, in relation to relevant asp 
elevant aspects of bioaccessibility and metabolism of pah in model systems with defined substra 
oaccessibility and metabolism of pah in model systems with defined substrates and cultures . ta 
nd cultures . target pahs to be used as model compounds will be naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluo 
sent in creosote, that will be taken as model pah mixture. also, part of this study will be per 
udy will be performed with contaminated soils from a wood-treating creosote plant.  
13313 35