aboveground biomass,aboveground biomass.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_primary production abundance,abundance.ENTITY+PA_vu adaptation,adaptation.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_adaptation adaptive capacity,adaptive capacity.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_adaptation adaptive governance,adaptive governance.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_governance adaptive management,adaptive management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management afforestation,afforestation.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice africa,africa.ENTITY+PA_place agri-environment schemes,agri-environment schemes.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_schemes agricultural intensification,agricultural intensification.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice agricultural landscape,agricultural landscape.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_agricultural agricultural landscapes,agricultural landscapes.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_agricultural agriculture,agriculture.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_agricultural production agro-ecosystems,agro-ecosystems.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_agricultural agrobiodiversity,agrobiodiversity.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity agroecology,agroecology.ENTITY+PA_fields agroecosystem,agroecosystem.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_agricultural agroecosystems,agroecosystems.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_agricultural agroforestry,agroforestry.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice algae,algae.ENTITY+PA_organism alien species,alien species.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_invasive species allelopathy,allelopathy.ENTITY+PA_vu amazon,amazon.ENTITY+PA_place andes,andes.ENTITY+PA_place anthropogenic disturbance,anthropogenic disturbance.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_disturbance ants,ants.ENTITY+PA_organism apis mellifera,apis mellifera.ENTITY+PA_organism apoidea,apoidea.ENTITY+PA_organism aquaculture,aquaculture.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_agricultural production araneae,araneae.ENTITY+PA_organism arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.ENTITY+PA_organism arthropods,arthropods.ENTITY+PA_organism assessment,assessment.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_assessment atlantic forest,atlantic forest.ENTITY+PA_place australia,australia.ENTITY+PA_place bacteria,bacteria.ENTITY+PA_organism baltic sea,baltic sea.ENTITY+PA_place bees,bees.ENTITY+PA_organism behavior,behavior.ENTITY+PA_vu beijing,beijing.ENTITY+PA_place benefit transfer,benefit transfer.ENTITY+PA_vu benthos,benthos.ENTITY+PA_organism biocontrol,biocontrol.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biological control biodiversity,biodiversity.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity biodiversity and ecosystem functioning,biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity biodiversity conservation,biodiversity conservation.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_conservation biodiversity loss,biodiversity loss.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_biodiversity loss biodiversity-ecosystem function,biodiversity-ecosystem function.ENTITY+PA_vu bioenergy,bioenergy.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_energy provisioning biofuel,biofuel.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_energy provisioning biofuels,biofuels.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_energy provisioning biogeochemistry,biogeochemistry.ENTITY+PA_fields biogeography,biogeography.ENTITY+PA_fields biological control,biological control.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biological control biological diversity,biological diversity.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity biological invasion,biological invasion.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_invasive species biological invasions,biological invasions.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_invasive species biological soil crusts,biological soil crusts.ENTITY+PA_vu biological traits,biological traits.ENTITY+PA_vu biomass,biomass.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_primary production bioturbation,bioturbation.ENTITY+PA_vu birds,birds.ENTITY+PA_organism body size,body size.ENTITY+PA_vu bolivia,bolivia.ENTITY+PA_place boreal forest,boreal forest.ENTITY+PA_place brazil,brazil.ENTITY+PA_place california,california.ENTITY+PA_place canada,canada.ENTITY+PA_place carbon,carbon.ENTITY+PA_vu carbon cycle,carbon cycle.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biogeochemical cycles carbon cycling,carbon cycling.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biogeochemical cycles carbon dioxide,carbon dioxide.ENTITY+PA_vu carbon sequestration,carbon sequestration.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_climate regulation carbon storage,carbon storage.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_climate regulation carrying capacity,carrying capacity.ENTITY+PA_vu change detection,change detection.ENTITY+PA_vu chesapeake bay,chesapeake bay.ENTITY+PA_place china,china.ENTITY+PA_place choice experiment,choice experiment.ENTITY+PA_vu choice experiments,choice experiments.ENTITY+PA_vu chronosequence,chronosequence.ENTITY+PA_vu classification,classification.ENTITY+PA_vu clean development mechanism,clean development mechanism.ENTITY+PA_vu climate,climate.ENTITY+PA_vu climate change,climate change.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_climate change climate change adaptation,climate change adaptation.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_climate regulation coarse woody debris,coarse woody debris.ENTITY+PA_vu coastal management,coastal management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management coffee,coffee.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_agricultural production coleoptera,coleoptera.ENTITY+PA_organism collective action,collective action.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_collective action colonization,colonization.ENTITY+PA_vu commodification,commodification.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_exploitation community,community.ENTITY+PA_vu community assembly,community assembly.ENTITY+PA_vu community composition,community composition.ENTITY+PA_vu community ecology,community ecology.ENTITY+PA_vu community genetics,community genetics.ENTITY+PA_vu community structure,community structure.ENTITY+PA_vu community-based conservation,community-based conservation.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_conservation compensation,compensation.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_compensation competition,competition.ENTITY+PA_vu complementarity,complementarity.ENTITY+PA_vu complexity,complexity.ENTITY+PA_vu connectivity,connectivity.ENTITY+PA_vu conservation,conservation.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_conservation conservation biological control,conservation biological control.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biological control conservation biology,conservation biology.ENTITY+PA_fields conservation planning,conservation planning.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_planning conservation policy,conservation policy.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_policy constructed wetlands,constructed wetlands.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_wetland contingent valuation,contingent valuation.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_valuation contingent valuation method,contingent valuation method.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_valuation convention on biological diversity,convention on biological diversity.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_legislation coral reef,coral reef.ENTITY+PA_place coral reefs,coral reefs.ENTITY+PA_organism cost-benefit analysis,cost-benefit analysis.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_cost-benefit analysis cost-effectiveness,cost-effectiveness.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_cost-benefit analysis costa rica,costa rica.ENTITY+PA_place cover crops,cover crops.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice crassostrea virginica,crassostrea virginica.ENTITY+PA_organism crop rotation,crop rotation.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice cyanobacteria,cyanobacteria.ENTITY+PA_organism decision making,decision making.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_decision making decision-making,decision-making.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_decision making decomposition,decomposition.ENTITY+PA_vu deforestation,deforestation.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_exploitation degradation,degradation.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_degradation denitrification,denitrification.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_denitrification density,density.ENTITY+PA_vu desertification,desertification.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_desertification development,development.ENTITY+PA_vu disease,disease.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_disease dispersal,dispersal.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_reproduction distribution,distribution.ENTITY+PA_vu disturbance,disturbance.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_disturbance diversity,diversity.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity dominance,dominance.ENTITY+PA_vu drought,drought.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_drought drylands,drylands.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_arid earthworms,earthworms.ENTITY+PA_organism ecohydrology,ecohydrology.ENTITY+PA_fields ecological economics,ecological economics.ENTITY+PA_fields ecological engineering,ecological engineering.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_engineering ecological footprint,ecological footprint.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_ecological impact ecological function,ecological function.ENTITY+PA_vu ecological functions,ecological functions.ENTITY+PA_vu ecological indicators,ecological indicators.ENTITY+PA_vu ecological integrity,ecological integrity.ENTITY+PA_vu ecological restoration,ecological restoration.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_restoration ecological services,ecological services.ENTITY+PA_vu ecological stoichiometry,ecological stoichiometry.ENTITY+PA_vu ecology,ecology.ENTITY+PA_fields economic development,economic development.ENTITY+PA_social+CA_development economic incentives,economic incentives.ENTITY+PA_vu economic valuation,economic valuation.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_valuation economic value,economic value.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_valuation economics,economics.ENTITY+PA_fields ecosystem,ecosystem.ENTITY+PA_vu ecosystem approach,ecosystem approach.ENTITY+PA_vu ecosystem engineer,ecosystem engineer.ENTITY+PA_actors+CA_engineers ecosystem engineers,ecosystem engineers.ENTITY+PA_actors+CA_engineers ecosystem function,ecosystem function.ENTITY+PA_vu ecosystem functioning,ecosystem functioning.ENTITY+PA_vu ecosystem functions,ecosystem functions.ENTITY+PA_vu ecosystem goods and services,ecosystem goods and services.ENTITY+PA_vu ecosystem health,ecosystem health.ENTITY+PA_vu ecosystem management,ecosystem management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management ecosystem metabolism,ecosystem metabolism.ENTITY+PA_vu ecosystem processes,ecosystem processes.ENTITY+PA_vu ecosystem restoration,ecosystem restoration.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_restoration ecosystem service,ecosystem service.ENTITY+PA_vu ecosystem service value,ecosystem service value.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_valuation ecosystem services,ecosystem services.ENTITY+PA_vu ecosystem valuation,ecosystem valuation.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_valuation ecosystem-based management,ecosystem-based management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management ecosystems,ecosystems.ENTITY+PA_vu ecotourism,ecotourism.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_exploitation ecotoxicology,ecotoxicology.ENTITY+PA_fields ecuador,ecuador.ENTITY+PA_place eelgrass,eelgrass.ENTITY+PA_organism efficiency,efficiency.ENTITY+PA_vu emergy,emergy.ENTITY+PA_vu endangered species,endangered species.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_biodiversity loss endemism,endemism.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity energy,energy.ENTITY+PA_vu environment,environment.ENTITY+PA_vu environmental change,environmental change.ENTITY+PA_vu environmental economics,environmental economics.ENTITY+PA_fields environmental flows,environmental flows.ENTITY+PA_vu environmental goods,environmental goods.ENTITY+PA_vu environmental goods and services,environmental goods and services.ENTITY+PA_vu environmental impact,environmental impact.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_ecological impact environmental impacts,environmental impacts.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_ecological impact environmental justice,environmental justice.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_justice environmental management,environmental management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management environmental planning,environmental planning.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_planning environmental policy,environmental policy.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_policy environmental services,environmental services.ENTITY+PA_vu environmental valuation,environmental valuation.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_valuation environmental values,environmental values.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_valuation equity,equity.ENTITY+PA_social+CA_equity erosion,erosion.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_erosion estuaries,estuaries.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_marine estuary,estuary.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_marine europe,europe.ENTITY+PA_place eutrophication,eutrophication.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_eutrophication evaluation,evaluation.ENTITY+PA_vu evapotranspiration,evapotranspiration.ENTITY+PA_vu evenness,evenness.ENTITY+PA_vu everglades,everglades.ENTITY+PA_place evolution,evolution.ENTITY+PA_vu exotic species,exotic species.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_invasive species externalities,externalities.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_externalities extinction,extinction.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_biodiversity loss facilitation,facilitation.ENTITY+PA_vu fertilization,fertilization.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice finite time thermodynamics,finite time thermodynamics.ENTITY+PA_vu fire,fire.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_extreme events fish,fish.ENTITY+PA_organism fisheries,fisheries.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_exploitation fisheries management,fisheries management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management fishing,fishing.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_exploitation floodplain,floodplain.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_river food security,food security.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_agricultural production food web,food web.ENTITY+PA_vu food webs,food webs.ENTITY+PA_vu forest,forest.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_forest forest conservation,forest conservation.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_conservation forest fragmentation,forest fragmentation.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_habitat fragmentation forest management,forest management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management forest policy,forest policy.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_policy forest restoration,forest restoration.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_restoration forest transition,forest transition.ENTITY+PA_vu forestry,forestry.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_exploitation forests,forests.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_forest formicidae,formicidae.ENTITY+PA_organism foundation species,foundation species.ENTITY+PA_vu fragmentation,fragmentation.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_fragmentation freshwater,freshwater.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_water provisioning function,function.ENTITY+PA_vu functional diversity,functional diversity.ENTITY+PA_vu functional group,functional group.ENTITY+PA_vu functional groups,functional groups.ENTITY+PA_vu functional redundancy,functional redundancy.ENTITY+PA_vu functional traits,functional traits.ENTITY+PA_vu fungi,fungi.ENTITY+PA_organism fynbos,fynbos.ENTITY+PA_organism genetic diversity,genetic diversity.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity geographic information systems,geographic information systems.ENTITY+PA_vu geomorphology,geomorphology.ENTITY+PA_vu gis,gis.ENTITY+PA_vu global change,global change.ENTITY+PA_vu global warming,global warming.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_climate change globalization,globalization.ENTITY+PA_vu governance,governance.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_governance grassland,grassland.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_tundra grasslands,grasslands.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_tundra grazing,grazing.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice green infrastructure,green infrastructure.ENTITY+PA_vu green space,green space.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_land settlement greenhouse gases,greenhouse gases.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_climate change groundwater,groundwater.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_aquatic growth,growth.ENTITY+PA_vu habitat,habitat.ENTITY+PA_vu habitat complexity,habitat complexity.ENTITY+PA_vu habitat fragmentation,habitat fragmentation.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_habitat fragmentation habitat heterogeneity,habitat heterogeneity.ENTITY+PA_vu habitat loss,habitat loss.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_degradation habitat management,habitat management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management habitat quality,habitat quality.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_habitat provisioning habitat structure,habitat structure.ENTITY+PA_vu habitat use,habitat use.ENTITY+PA_vu hawaii,hawaii.ENTITY+PA_place heavy metals,heavy metals.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_pollution herbivory,herbivory.ENTITY+PA_vu heterogeneity,heterogeneity.ENTITY+PA_vu human impact,human impact.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_impact human impacts,human impacts.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_impact human well-being,human well-being.ENTITY+PA_vu hydrology,hydrology.ENTITY+PA_vu hypoxia,hypoxia.ENTITY+PA_vu impact assessment,impact assessment.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_assessment impacts,impacts.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_impact incentives,incentives.ENTITY+PA_vu india,india.ENTITY+PA_place indicator,indicator.ENTITY+PA_vu indicator species,indicator species.ENTITY+PA_vu indicators,indicators.ENTITY+PA_vu indirect effects,indirect effects.ENTITY+PA_vu insects,insects.ENTITY+PA_organism institutions,institutions.ENTITY+PA_actors+CA_institutions integrated pest management,integrated pest management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management intensification,intensification.ENTITY+PA_vu intertidal,intertidal.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_marine intraguild predation,intraguild predation.ENTITY+PA_vu intraspecific variation,intraspecific variation.ENTITY+PA_vu introduced species,introduced species.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_invasive species invasion,invasion.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_invasive species invasive alien species,invasive alien species.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_invasive species invasive plants,invasive plants.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_invasive species invasive species,invasive species.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_invasive species invertebrates,invertebrates.ENTITY+PA_organism irrigation,irrigation.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice kenya,kenya.ENTITY+PA_place land cover,land cover.ENTITY+PA_vu land cover change,land cover change.ENTITY+PA_vu land degradation,land degradation.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_degradation land management,land management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management land use,land use.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_land settlement land use change,land use change.ENTITY+PA_vu land use planning,land use planning.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_planning land-use,land-use.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_land settlement land-use change,land-use change.ENTITY+PA_vu landsat,landsat.ENTITY+PA_vu landscape,landscape.ENTITY+PA_scale landscape change,landscape change.ENTITY+PA_vu landscape ecology,landscape ecology.ENTITY+PA_fields landscape function,landscape function.ENTITY+PA_vu landscape function analysis,landscape function analysis.ENTITY+PA_vu landscape functions,landscape functions.ENTITY+PA_vu landscape management,landscape management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management landscape metrics,landscape metrics.ENTITY+PA_vu landscape pattern,landscape pattern.ENTITY+PA_vu landscape planning,landscape planning.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_planning landscape structure,landscape structure.ENTITY+PA_scale latin america,latin america.ENTITY+PA_place leaf litter,leaf litter.ENTITY+PA_vu legumes,legumes.ENTITY+PA_organism lichens,lichens.ENTITY+PA_organism lidar,lidar.ENTITY+PA_vu life history,life history.ENTITY+PA_vu litter decomposition,litter decomposition.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_soil quality litter quality,litter quality.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_soil quality livelihoods,livelihoods.ENTITY+PA_social+CA_livelihoods livestock,livestock.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_agricultural production local knowledge,local knowledge.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_knowledge logging,logging.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_exploitation macroalgae,macroalgae.ENTITY+PA_organism macroecology,macroecology.ENTITY+PA_fields macrofauna,macrofauna.ENTITY+PA_organism macroinvertebrates,macroinvertebrates.ENTITY+PA_organism macrophytes,macrophytes.ENTITY+PA_organism management,management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management mangrove,mangrove.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_wetland mangroves,mangroves.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_wetland mapping,mapping.ENTITY+PA_vu marine,marine.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_marine marine protected areas,marine protected areas.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_marine marine reserves,marine reserves.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_marine marine spatial planning,marine spatial planning.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_planning market-based instruments,market-based instruments.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_market markets,markets.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_market mediterranean,mediterranean.ENTITY+PA_place mediterranean sea,mediterranean sea.ENTITY+PA_place mesocosm,mesocosm.ENTITY+PA_vu meta-analysis,meta-analysis.ENTITY+PA_vu metabolism,metabolism.ENTITY+PA_vu metacommunity,metacommunity.ENTITY+PA_vu methane,methane.ENTITY+PA_vu mexico,mexico.ENTITY+PA_place microbial activity,microbial activity.ENTITY+PA_vu microbial biomass,microbial biomass.ENTITY+PA_vu microbial community,microbial community.ENTITY+PA_vu microbial community structure,microbial community structure.ENTITY+PA_vu microbial diversity,microbial diversity.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity microbial ecology,microbial ecology.ENTITY+PA_fields migration,migration.ENTITY+PA_vu millennium ecosystem assessment,millennium ecosystem assessment.ENTITY+PA_vu mining,mining.ENTITY+PA_vu mitigation,mitigation.ENTITY+PA_vu model,model.ENTITY+PA_vu modeling,modeling.ENTITY+PA_vu modelling,modelling.ENTITY+PA_vu modis,modis.ENTITY+PA_vu monitoring,monitoring.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_monitoring mortality,mortality.ENTITY+PA_vu mowing,mowing.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice multifunctional agriculture,multifunctional agriculture.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_agricultural production multifunctionality,multifunctionality.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_agricultural production multiple stressors,multiple stressors.ENTITY+PA_vu mutualism,mutualism.ENTITY+PA_vu natural capital,natural capital.ENTITY+PA_vu natural enemies,natural enemies.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_disease natural resource management,natural resource management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management natural resources,natural resources.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_natural resource nature,nature.ENTITY+PA_vu nature conservation,nature conservation.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_conservation nematodes,nematodes.ENTITY+PA_organism neoliberalism,neoliberalism.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_market net primary productivity,net primary productivity.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_primary production new zealand,new zealand.ENTITY+PA_place nitrate,nitrate.ENTITY+PA_vu nitrification,nitrification.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_nitrification nitrogen,nitrogen.ENTITY+PA_vu nitrogen cycle,nitrogen cycle.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biogeochemical cycles nitrogen cycling,nitrogen cycling.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biogeochemical cycles nitrogen deposition,nitrogen deposition.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice nitrogen fixation,nitrogen fixation.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biogeochemical cycles non-market valuation,non-market valuation.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_valuation north sea,north sea.ENTITY+PA_place novel ecosystems,novel ecosystems.ENTITY+PA_vu nutrient cycling,nutrient cycling.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_nutrient cycling nutrient limitation,nutrient limitation.ENTITY+PA_vu nutrients,nutrients.ENTITY+PA_vu ocean acidification,ocean acidification.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_acidification open space,open space.ENTITY+PA_vu optimization,optimization.ENTITY+PA_vu organic farming,organic farming.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice organic matter,organic matter.ENTITY+PA_vu oxygen,oxygen.ENTITY+PA_vu oyster reef,oyster reef.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_marine parasitoid,parasitoid.ENTITY+PA_organism parasitoids,parasitoids.ENTITY+PA_organism participation,participation.ENTITY+PA_vu payment for ecosystem services,payment for ecosystem services.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_payment for ecosystem services payment for environmental services,payment for environmental services.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_payment for ecosystem services payments for ecosystem services,payments for ecosystem services.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_payment for ecosystem services payments for ecosystem services (pes),payments for ecosystem services (pes).ENTITY+PA_management+CA_payment for ecosystem services payments for environmental services,payments for environmental services.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_payment for ecosystem services perceptions,perceptions.ENTITY+PA_vu periphyton,periphyton.ENTITY+PA_organism peru,peru.ENTITY+PA_place pes,pes.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_payment for ecosystem services pest control,pest control.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biological control pesticide,pesticide.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice pesticides,pesticides.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice ph,ph.ENTITY+PA_vu phenology,phenology.ENTITY+PA_vu phosphorus,phosphorus.ENTITY+PA_vu photosynthesis,photosynthesis.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_primary production phragmites australis,phragmites australis.ENTITY+PA_organism phylogenetic diversity,phylogenetic diversity.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity phylogeny,phylogeny.ENTITY+PA_fields phytoplankton,phytoplankton.ENTITY+PA_organism planning,planning.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_planning plant diversity,plant diversity.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity plant functional traits,plant functional traits.ENTITY+PA_vu plant functional types,plant functional types.ENTITY+PA_vu plant-animal interactions,plant-animal interactions.ENTITY+PA_vu plfa,plfa.ENTITY+PA_vu policy,policy.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_policy political ecology,political ecology.ENTITY+PA_fields pollination,pollination.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_pollination pollinator,pollinator.ENTITY+PA_organism pollinators,pollinators.ENTITY+PA_organism pollution,pollution.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_pollution population dynamics,population dynamics.ENTITY+PA_vu poverty,poverty.ENTITY+PA_social+CA_poverty poverty alleviation,poverty alleviation.ENTITY+PA_social+CA_poverty precipitation,precipitation.ENTITY+PA_vu predation,predation.ENTITY+PA_vu predator,predator.ENTITY+PA_vu predators,predators.ENTITY+PA_vu prescribed fire,prescribed fire.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice primary production,primary production.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_primary production production,production.ENTITY+PA_vu productivity,productivity.ENTITY+PA_vu property rights,property rights.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_legislation protected area,protected area.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_protected area protected areas,protected areas.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_protected area public goods,public goods.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_legislation q57,q57.ENTITY+PA_vu q58,q58.ENTITY+PA_vu rangelands,rangelands.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_agricultural recovery,recovery.ENTITY+PA_vu recreation,recreation.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_recreational activity recruitment,recruitment.ENTITY+PA_vu redd,redd.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_policy redundancy,redundancy.ENTITY+PA_vu reforestation,reforestation.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_restoration regime shift,regime shift.ENTITY+PA_vu regime shifts,regime shifts.ENTITY+PA_vu rehabilitation,rehabilitation.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_restoration remote sensing,remote sensing.ENTITY+PA_vu reserve design,reserve design.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_protected area resilience,resilience.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_resilience resistance,resistance.ENTITY+PA_vu respiration,respiration.ENTITY+PA_vu restoration,restoration.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_restoration restoration ecology,restoration ecology.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_restoration revegetation,revegetation.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_restoration review,review.ENTITY+PA_vu rhizosphere,rhizosphere.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_river richness,richness.ENTITY+PA_vu riparian,riparian.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_river riparian vegetation,riparian vegetation.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_river risk,risk.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_risk risk assessment,risk assessment.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_assessment river restoration,river restoration.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_restoration rivers,rivers.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_river runoff,runoff.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_erosion rural development,rural development.ENTITY+PA_social+CA_development salinity,salinity.ENTITY+PA_vu salt marsh,salt marsh.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_wetland salt marshes,salt marshes.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_wetland savanna,savanna.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_arid scale,scale.ENTITY+PA_vu scarabaeinae,scarabaeinae.ENTITY+PA_organism scenarios,scenarios.ENTITY+PA_future+CA_scenarios sea level rise,sea level rise.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_sea level change sea-level rise,sea-level rise.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_climate change seagrass,seagrass.ENTITY+PA_organism seasonality,seasonality.ENTITY+PA_vu secondary forest,secondary forest.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_forest secondary production,secondary production.ENTITY+PA_vu secondary succession,secondary succession.ENTITY+PA_vu sediment,sediment.ENTITY+PA_vu sediment transport,sediment transport.ENTITY+PA_vu sedimentation,sedimentation.ENTITY+PA_vu seed dispersal,seed dispersal.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_reproduction seed predation,seed predation.ENTITY+PA_vu selection effect,selection effect.ENTITY+PA_vu shredders,shredders.ENTITY+PA_vu social-ecological system,social-ecological system.ENTITY+PA_actors+CA_socio-ecological systems social-ecological systems,social-ecological systems.ENTITY+PA_actors+CA_socio-ecological systems socio-ecological systems,socio-ecological systems.ENTITY+PA_actors+CA_socio-ecological systems soil,soil.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_soil soil biodiversity,soil biodiversity.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity soil biota,soil biota.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity soil carbon,soil carbon.ENTITY+PA_vu soil ecology,soil ecology.ENTITY+PA_fields soil erosion,soil erosion.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_erosion soil fauna,soil fauna.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity soil fertility,soil fertility.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_soil quality soil health,soil health.ENTITY+PA_vu soil management,soil management.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice soil microorganisms,soil microorganisms.ENTITY+PA_organism soil moisture,soil moisture.ENTITY+PA_vu soil organic carbon,soil organic carbon.ENTITY+PA_vu soil organic matter,soil organic matter.ENTITY+PA_vu soil properties,soil properties.ENTITY+PA_vu soil quality,soil quality.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_soil quality soil respiration,soil respiration.ENTITY+PA_vu soils,soils.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_soil south africa,south africa.ENTITY+PA_place spain,spain.ENTITY+PA_place spartina alterniflora,spartina alterniflora.ENTITY+PA_organism spatial analysis,spatial analysis.ENTITY+PA_vu spatial heterogeneity,spatial heterogeneity.ENTITY+PA_vu spatial pattern,spatial pattern.ENTITY+PA_vu spatial scale,spatial scale.ENTITY+PA_vu spatial variability,spatial variability.ENTITY+PA_vu species composition,species composition.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity species diversity,species diversity.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity species identity,species identity.ENTITY+PA_vu species interactions,species interactions.ENTITY+PA_vu species loss,species loss.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_biodiversity loss species richness,species richness.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity species traits,species traits.ENTITY+PA_vu specific leaf area,specific leaf area.ENTITY+PA_vu spiders,spiders.ENTITY+PA_organism stability,stability.ENTITY+PA_vu stable isotopes,stable isotopes.ENTITY+PA_vu stakeholders,stakeholders.ENTITY+PA_actors+CA_stakeholders stated preference,stated preference.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_stated preference stream,stream.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_river streams,streams.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_river stress,stress.ENTITY+PA_vu succession,succession.ENTITY+PA_vu sustainability,sustainability.ENTITY+PA_future+CA_sustainability sustainable agriculture,sustainable agriculture.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_agricultural practice sustainable development,sustainable development.ENTITY+PA_future+CA_sustainable development sweden,sweden.ENTITY+PA_place symbiosis,symbiosis.ENTITY+PA_vu systematic conservation planning,systematic conservation planning.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_planning tallgrass prairie,tallgrass prairie.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_agricultural tanzania,tanzania.ENTITY+PA_place taxonomy,taxonomy.ENTITY+PA_fields temperature,temperature.ENTITY+PA_vu the netherlands,the netherlands.ENTITY+PA_place threshold,threshold.ENTITY+PA_vu thresholds,thresholds.ENTITY+PA_vu top-down control,top-down control.ENTITY+PA_vu tourism,tourism.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_exploitation trade-offs,trade-offs.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_trade-offs tradeoffs,tradeoffs.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_trade-offs traits,traits.ENTITY+PA_vu transaction costs,transaction costs.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_cost-benefit analysis trophic cascade,trophic cascade.ENTITY+PA_vu trophic cascades,trophic cascades.ENTITY+PA_vu trophic interactions,trophic interactions.ENTITY+PA_vu trophic structure,trophic structure.ENTITY+PA_vu tropical forest,tropical forest.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_forest tropical forests,tropical forests.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_forest tropics,tropics.ENTITY+PA_place uncertainty,uncertainty.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_uncertainty urban,urban.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_urban urban ecology,urban ecology.ENTITY+PA_fields urban forest,urban forest.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_urban urban forestry,urban forestry.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_urban urban planning,urban planning.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_planning urban sprawl,urban sprawl.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_land settlement urbanization,urbanization.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_land settlement usa,usa.ENTITY+PA_place valuation,valuation.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_valuation vegetation,vegetation.ENTITY+PA_vu vegetation dynamics,vegetation dynamics.ENTITY+PA_vu vietnam,vietnam.ENTITY+PA_place vulnerability,vulnerability.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_vulnerability warming,warming.ENTITY+PA_vu water,water.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_water provisioning water balance,water balance.ENTITY+PA_vu water framework directive,water framework directive.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_legislation water management,water management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management water policy,water policy.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_policy water quality,water quality.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_water quality water resources,water resources.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_water provisioning water supply,water supply.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_water provisioning watershed,watershed.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem watershed management,watershed management.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_management weeds,weeds.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_weeds wetland,wetland.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_wetland wetland restoration,wetland restoration.ENTITY+PA_action+CA_restoration wetlands,wetlands.ENTITY+PA_ecosystem+CA_wetland wildfire,wildfire.ENTITY+PA_disservice+CA_extreme events wildlife,wildlife.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_biodiversity willingness to pay,willingness to pay.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_willingness to pay willingness-to-pay,willingness-to-pay.ENTITY+PA_management+CA_willingness to pay yield,yield.ENTITY+PA_service+CA_agricultural production zooplankton,zooplankton.ENTITY+PA_organism zostera marina,zostera marina.ENTITY+PA_organism