IdNumber of occurencesForms
14564 1 ted by about 145 species. the monograph will incorporate for each species: identification keys, 
2160 3 olved in the utilisation of wild salmon will be assessed and it will be studied how these value 
 of wild salmon will be assessed and it will be studied how these values are affected by escape 
sis and market data for fishing permits will be applied.  
7119 1  biodiversity management objectives. we will also discuss the influence of social representatio 
7122 1 ental operating strategies. the results will be extrapolated on the basis of plausible scenario 
7127 5 nsequently the loss of biodiversity. we will study the impact of global change on three specifi 
ing hypervariable molecular markers, we will study phylogeography to identify the history of ea 
ant response to partners increased c02, will try to answer a simple question: what effect will  
ards insect partners, and these effects will allow the survival of these mutualisms our results 
sults, based on a comparative approach, will provide the first elements on the response of an i 
7186 1 ase of scientists and professionals. it should lead to the development of concrete scenarios, t 
7197 4 ed, it aims to draw the outline of what could be a sustainable management of these territories, 
 regime of their uses and settings that would best match the currently emerging paradigm in rur 
diversifying the economy of rural areas will lead to increased conflicts and rivalries among tr 
 a combination of case studies, that it will be possible to understand a very different variety 
7245 1 s. at the end of the thesis project, we will test the predictive ability of pva models used by  
7279 1 nt and maintenance of biodiversity. dip will develop predictive models for estimating anthropog 
7285 2 wo particular species,. . pubescens, we will identify the genetic divergence between population 
 species, from 30 different populations will be characterized. finally, we model the evolution  
7297 1 refore different Amazonian environments will be screened in different seasons. the goal is to g 
7363 2 ity, taxonomic and cultivation analysis will identify culturable and non-culturable organisms p 
 associated with the metabolism arsénié will be explored by a proteomic approach  
7425 4 ricultural plots. biodivine the project will characterize biodiversity plant virus present in t 
ncing and georeferencing of the samples will be implemented. this innovative tool will identify 
ll be implemented. this innovative tool will identify, map and analyze the biodiversity of this 
eover its exploratory aspect, this work will help to better understand the environmental and he 
7500 2 s already known in some resistant soils will be systematically included, and they will also be  
ll be systematically included, and they will also be studied by quantitative pcr dna on total s 
7566 1 on. otherwise, the diversity of saffron would be generated by the diversity of practices where  
7576 2  the selection of people on the farm we will assess the relevance and effectiveness of this met 
ation of crop biodiversity. the project will also characterize the specific qualities sought by 
7584 4 tersection with the mare. This blocking could be due to the presence of glycerol as cryoprotect 
as in vivo, quin vitro. cryoprotectants will be tested on equine semen, and the intra-species f 
e selected cryoprotectant with glycerol will be compared. this phenomenon of "toxicity" glycero 
, to a much lesser extent in horses. we will try to highlight this phenomenon  
7586 3 ypic markers and microsatellite markers will be undertaken to analyze their relevance on when t 
ning a microsatellite. Characterization will cover 30 varieties of endive population. the use o 
ive population. the use of STMS markers will also evaluate the degree of heterozygosity of indi 
7609 1 advances in the field of bioremediation will need to take into account the interest of the hori 
11864 1 diocarbon in queen s university belfast will investigate this important new field of research t 
10966 5 an be reconstructed. in our new work we shall examine the second step - how the modern part of  
ve been elevated as speleothem grew. we shall investigate how this has affected the d18o-climat 
them isotopes at different altitude. we shall then date and analyse stalagmites formed since th 
y fingerprints ancient cave water. this should allow us to reconstruct the average tracks of ra 
ce a well-dated, calibrated record that will be a yardstick for past climates in the western me 
10847 5                                  sahfos will produce a cd and web-based gridded database of 10  
order data from 1948 to 2002. this tool would provide users with the ability to extract abundan 
 been developed at sahfos . the project will also include an update of the north sea database t 
 reliability of the interpolated pixels will be included. the windows interface already operate 
rates successfully in the prototype and will be demonstrated as the focus of a sahfos contribut 
10093 1 nd sand transport patterns. simulations will be compared with our current descriptive understan 
14360 5 ate-of-the-art classification framework will be designed and modelling techniques will be used. 
ll be designed and modelling techniques will be used. methodology • three study areas will be c 
e used. methodology • three study areas will be covered by satellite data, airborne hyperspectr 
thoutse heide, dijle valley an d veluwe will be applied to increase the applicability of remote 
tus reporting. the vegetation condition will also be assessed using model inversion. results ex 
12585 11 the experience gained in these projects will be presented and we will give recommendations for  
these projects will be presented and we will give recommendations for future set up, management 
nagement and delivery of projects. work will be done using staff from the moors for the future  
and collation of expertise, the project will hold a conference inviting all main peat projects. 
ing all main peat projects. the project will review existing research and management practice o 
peat restoration projects. the problems will be defined and reasons for success or failure iden 
cess or failure identified. the project will review motivations for restoration projects as wel 
ing. at a technical level, this project will identify the difficulties that need to be overcome 
of the techniques employed. the project will provide details on the costs involved in implement 
 of agri-environment schemes, this step will highlight any contribution from environmental stew 
rdship or other schemes. the compendium will therefore collate existing information and experti 
11446 2 , at the core-mantle boundary. the work will involve analysis of differential travel times of t 
the core phases sks, skks, and pkp, and will use data collected in a temporary deployment augme 
13583 1  the species of the world. dna barcodes will allow non-specialists to accurately identify speci 
10022 9 ioinformatics tools. in this project we will tackle these issues in one major portion of the tr 
equence data from public databases, and will apply this here to the analysis of the large numbe 
umber of available data for insects. we will also provide scripts to enable an iterative proces 
xonomy resource. the current best trees will be available from the project website site for bot 
ollection of concatenated data matrices will also be available for download so that members of  
studies. the immediate results provided will be a searchable database containing all available  
hips within the four main orders, which will provide a more complete understanding of the phylo 
 specific groups of interest. the study will assess the current status of insect molecular syst 
le means and in a short time period, we will be able to make great progress towards building th 
15023 8 unction factors. methodology to be used would include classical bivariant and multivariant anal 
s . technics of geometric morphometrics should be used to analyse the shape variation of the ma 
onditions developed by adductor muscles would be calculated. parallely in the species where in  
n the species where in vivo experiments could be done, bite forces would be registered by means 
 experiments could be done, bite forces would be registered by means of force transducers. both 
the cases where the phylogenetic signal should be considered, appropiated statistical methods w 
idered, appropiated statistical methods would be used. finally, a comparative study of the chem 
 incisive teeth of the species studied, would be done.  
7643 3  in environmental conditions. this work will gather data from thousands of sites across the atl 
to global change: the proposed modeling should bring answers to the changing patterns of coral  
following a decline of coral. this work could also draw attention to the enormous potential of  
10029 1 age of the remote sensing process which will help prioritise the collection of field data.  
11058 1 age of the remote sensing process which will help prioritise the collection of field data.  
11205 3 ave the largest virus genomes known. we will develop an emiliania huxleyi virus microarray and  
 genes in its 400 kbp genome. fieldwork will be conducted to investigate expression of virus la 
ficial chromosome virus genomic library will be generated from a natural virus community to det 
10674 1 n entirely novel application of gis and will test the potential of such approaches to resolve b 
10807 8 hing that anyone diving on a coral reef will notice is the multitude of fishes. more careful ob 
hes. more careful observation of fishes will also highlight that each species is more abundant  
lar site. despite these problems, if we could make a realistic model of the processes controlli 
ling the number of fishes on a reef, it would provide important insights into reef ecology, and 
also know that habitats with more coral will support more fishes because there are more places  
theoretical models with all the data, i will gain a range of insights into the process controll 
 understanding of reefs, these findings will help conservation efforts. by knowing the relative 
d the interactions among them, managers will be able to design more effective marine reserves.  
12596 1 ose from undamaged peatlands. the study will be delivered by a report summarising a literature  
10072 4 te immune system. within this grant, we will develop markers specific to the protozoan feeding  
 of marine flagellates and ciliates. we will also use these markers in feeding experiments. thr 
ents. through blocking the receptor, we will be able to determine to what extent different spec 
in in order to recognise their prey. we will also determine whether expression of the receptor  
13819 4 at are severely negatively affected, it should be possible to determine which characteristics o 
ensitive to fertilisation. this project will investigate the mechanisms behind the observed cha 
 direct toxicity effects of fertilisers will be examined and plant sanctioning against ineffici 
nctioning against inefficient ecm fungi will be investigated. identifying why ecm species are p 
15372 8 order to test our general hypothesis we will develop mechanistic models -mms for these two spec 
c models -mms for these two species and will carry out a series of field experiments in order t 
mms constitutes a novel methodology and will provide a ecophysiological process-based view of t 
t that the output of mm for h. elongata will concur with its actual distribution whereas the mm 
 whereas the mm modelled for f.serratus will cover a wider range of habitats and areas than the 
e actual species occupancy. conclusions will be compared with these obtained from the field exp 
e the effect of biological interactions will be tested in situ. this proposal will contribute t 
s will be tested in situ. this proposal will contribute to understand the variability in the re 
13457 4           a future bio-based production will require increased agricultural management for prod 
ymes produced by soil microorganism. we will adopt the sequence capture technique coupled with  
heaper than conventional technology. we will apply the methods on soils from 25 farms in europe 
h bioinfomatics the sequences generated will provide us the diversity and functions of microorg 
10165 4                             the project will use melanism in birds as a model system to investi 
le gene, the melanocortin-1 receptor we will be able to tell whether the mc1r gene is responsib 
ween red and black plumage. the results will be of broad interest to ecologists and evolutionar 
ecologists and evolutionary biologists, will be readily comprehensible by the broader community 
2028 1 ochemicals on food-web interactions. we will take this ecogenomic approach in field and laborat 
2104 4 ch includes ca. 350 species world-wide, will be particularly focused. species and infrageneric  
a less extent ecological characters. we will infer the molecular phylogeny and test species bou 
olates of species complexes in galerina will also be accomplished. the genetic variation will b 
 be accomplished. the genetic variation will be analyzed by likelihood and parsimony-based infe 
15083 9 dge of the spanish microscopic fungi we will develop a study of the soil and litter hyphomycete 
s diversity. different geographic areas will be sampled along approximately six mycological for 
pproximately six mycological forays. we will try to isolate a representative number of the fung 
 grown using different techniques. they will be identified using morphological and molecular te 
 techniques. with such data a monograph will be performed. this monograph will include a detail 
graph will be performed. this monograph will include a detailed description of the studied spec 
the most relevant features. the strains will be deposited in international collection cultures  
ty. while that the nucleotide sequences will be deposited in the genbank, a data base of the sp 
e of the spanish hyphomycetes sequences will be also built.  
14715 9 dge of the spanish microscopic fungi we will develop a study of the soil and litter hyphomycete 
s diversity. different geographic areas will be sampled along approximately six mycological for 
pproximately six mycological forays. we will try to isolate a representative number of the fung 
 grown using different techniques. they will be identified using morphological and molecular te 
 techniques. with such data a monograph will be performed. this monograph will include a detail 
graph will be performed. this monograph will include a detailed description of the studied spec 
the most relevant features. the strains will be deposited in international collection cultures  
ty. while that the nucleotide sequences will be deposited in the genbank, a data base of the sp 
e of the spanish hyphomycetes sequences will be also built.  
10883 4 anges occurring now, and in the future, will affect the diversity of their populations, the bio 
7. in this globally unique approach, we will detect bacterial groups by high throughput molecul 
ess several key hypotheses. further, we will produce high resolution maps of bacterial group di 
g the process of this investigation, we will form and archive a nationally accessible genome ba 
9873 1  the ages of individual faulting events will be constrained but even their duration may be with 
10277 10  the stomach contents are preserved. we will use these data to construct models relating the me 
abitat and components of their diet. we will then use these models to simulate the changing pot 
ecies. the models and these simulations will enable us to assess the series of hypotheses, test 
e principal aim of our study. our study will encompass all of northern eurasia and north americ 
across both continents in the past, and will extend from about 50,000 years ago to about 5,000  
erbivores, carnivores and omnivores, we will also examine a comparable range of species that su 
e to the present day. in these cases we will also use data recording the species current geogra 
g both extinct and surviving species we will be able to make critical comparisons that will pro 
 able to make critical comparisons that will provide insight into the factors determining which 
ed extinction. the results of our study will help elucidate the relative importance of environm 
10288 10  the stomach contents are preserved. we will use these data to construct models relating the me 
abitat and components of their diet. we will then use these models to simulate the changing pot 
ecies. the models and these simulations will enable us to assess the series of hypotheses, test 
e principal aim of our study. our study will encompass all of northern eurasia and north americ 
across both continents in the past, and will extend from about 50,000 years ago to about 5,000  
erbivores, carnivores and omnivores, we will also examine a comparable range of species that su 
e to the present day. in these cases we will also use data recording the species current geogra 
g both extinct and surviving species we will be able to make critical comparisons that will pro 
 able to make critical comparisons that will provide insight into the factors determining which 
ed extinction. the results of our study will help elucidate the relative importance of environm 
10531 10  the stomach contents are preserved. we will use these data to construct models relating the me 
abitat and components of their diet. we will then use these models to simulate the changing pot 
ecies. the models and these simulations will enable us to assess the series of hypotheses, test 
e principal aim of our study. our study will encompass all of northern eurasia and north americ 
across both continents in the past, and will extend from about 50,000 years ago to about 5,000  
erbivores, carnivores and omnivores, we will also examine a comparable range of species that su 
e to the present day. in these cases we will also use data recording the species current geogra 
g both extinct and surviving species we will be able to make critical comparisons that will pro 
 able to make critical comparisons that will provide insight into the factors determining which 
ed extinction. the results of our study will help elucidate the relative importance of environm 
2546 3  to regulate the feeding on phaeocystis will be simultaneously analyzed using cutting-edge meta 
leaders in their respective fields, and will develop norwegian research skills and expertise th 
sting effort towards gender equality we will promote female candidates combined with national a 
14225 1 tropical geometrids to this. this study will be the first to investigate life history evolution 
15314 1 to pure scientific conclusions but they could be used as a basic tool in scientific policies si 
10340 7 speciation process. in this project, we will use genomic information and species of the drosoph 
ariation within and between species. we will compare sequence divergence between species with l 
ved rapidly under natural selection. we will test for associations between odorant and gustator 
 lines of crosses between species. this will confirm the roles of candidate loci in critical be 
 loci in critical behavioural steps. we will examine gene expression in the same set of strains 
nd so potentially novel functions. this will provide a systematic answer to the longstanding qu 
the genetics of speciation, the project will provide new data on the evolution of these fascina 
10994 7 speciation process. in this project, we will use genomic information and species of the drosoph 
ariation within and between species. we will compare sequence divergence between species with l 
ved rapidly under natural selection. we will test for associations between odorant and gustator 
 lines of crosses between species. this will confirm the roles of candidate loci in critical be 
 loci in critical behavioural steps. we will examine gene expression in the same set of strains 
nd so potentially novel functions. this will provide a systematic answer to the longstanding qu 
the genetics of speciation, the project will provide new data on the evolution of these fascina 
9967 7 speciation process. in this project, we will use genomic information and species of the drosoph 
ariation within and between species. we will compare sequence divergence between species with l 
ved rapidly under natural selection. we will test for associations between odorant and gustator 
 lines of crosses between species. this will confirm the roles of candidate loci in critical be 
 loci in critical behavioural steps. we will examine gene expression in the same set of strains 
nd so potentially novel functions. this will provide a systematic answer to the longstanding qu 
the genetics of speciation, the project will provide new data on the evolution of these fascina 
13742 5 he storks in southern sweden. the model will relate the habitat use and reproductive success of 
at characteristics in a gis database. i will develop the model using data on the storks present 
on the storks present in 2002-2004, and will verify it using the storks released in 2005-2006.  
at can be made for this range. thus, it will be possible to estimate the total sustainable bree 
stork habitat identified with the model will also be valuable for many other wetland organisms, 
10575 5 known functions, our research programme will reveal if other seminal fluid proteins vary consis 
es in sperm competition. these findings will establish the role of seminal fluid proteins in ad 
ent ejaculate investment strategies, we will determine reproductive success for males mating un 
ting under competitive conditions. this will provide insight into the functional significance o 
n ejaculate composition. these findings will have general relevance to understanding the functi 
13712 4 nary team . a professional communicator will coordinate the knowledge dissemination. the result 
he knowledge dissemination. the results will be applicable to the 240 000 swedish forest owners 
at are harvested each year. the results will also be of strategic interest to policy-making sin 
er in tree retention improved knowledge will be of interest to also other parts of the world.  
12712 2 population and distribution data, which will then be used to further support, outside this cont 
nformation gathered under this contract will be used outside the contract by government and its 
12751 1 ernational redd+ scheme - some of which will be spent on helping reduce global deforestation.  
12455 1 nd communication of risk. the framework will increase our capacity to both understand and incor 
11313 6 enes from another. this incompatibility could occur when the genes are mixed up by the hybrid t 
 by the hybrid to make its gametes . it could make the gametes die, or it could affect the abil 
 . it could make the gametes die, or it could affect the ability of the gametes to fertilise or 
ility of the gametes to fertilise or it could affect the viability or fertility of the resultin 
sence of genetic incompatibilities that could kill a gamete or the offspring resulting when a g 
o incompatibilities are found then this will give support to alternative explanations for repro 
10179 3 ges of mycobacteria. in this project we will test the hypothesis that converting phages of gram 
e selections and simple genetic screens will be used to isolate new phages for diverse hosts. t 
bacterial genes carried by these phages will be characterised, along with their phage genomic c 
13980 2 rom large-scale genotype information. i will focus on locating selected genes that deviate from 
n-genetic data set to date. the results will help researchers better understand complex demogra 
12456 1  weakness of each approach. the project will focus on two case study regions the `western-appro 
9828 2  using molecular biology approaches. we will conduct experiments to investigate the stability o 
pertubations. as part of the process we will develop methodologies for studying the degradative 
12759 1                            this project will provide information on the potential impacts of ge 
12689 1                              this study will identify potential methods of safely marking juven 
2088 7 e arctic. the first part of the project will be a traditional taxonomical revision of the genus 
nd whenever possible also on life cycle will be important. finally, the revision of the genus w 
ant. finally, the revision of the genus will involve the completion of interactive keys and a p 
itable for molecular work most probably will not be available, only morphological characters wi 
vailable, only morphological characters will be utilized. the second part of the project will f 
tilized. the second part of the project will focus entirely on the position of the genus within 
nus within the family stenothoidae, and will consist of a phylogenetic analysis based on molecu 
14509 2 netic structure for the neutral markers will follow a pattern of isolation by distance and, the 
ce and, therefore, tolerant populations will evolve independentely and in parallel across basin 
11671 8 ic juveniles and terrestrial adults. we will concentrate on the recruitment of eggs from the te 
mergent from the water s surface and we will test whether the supply of emergent rocks might li 
al arrangement of emergent rocks and we will test also how this influences recruitment. once th 
he eggs hatch, the mobility of neonates will dictate whether or how long any localised effects  
 and, by measuring neonate movement, we will identify the spatial scale relevant to studies abo 
ween emergent rocks, eggs and neonates, would suggest that populations size is set by different 
ted at those stages. thus, our research will identify whether bottlenecks occur for egg and neo 
tion on how insects use emergent rocks, will be of use to river managers and rehabilitation pro 
10280 1 ecial and temporal scales. the proposal will be achieved through an observational campaign clos 
10553 1 ecial and temporal scales. the proposal will be achieved through an observational campaign clos 
9929 2 s and that of its predators. this study will use data from elsewhere in the north atlantic, whe 
ths, to expand these observations. this will provide new information on the role of predators i 
10812 2 nd ecology in determining which species should be common or rare and why abundance varies from  
tterns at larger scales, so the results should be of interest to a wide group of scientists.  
9961 2 nd ecology in determining which species should be common or rare and why abundance varies from  
tterns at larger scales, so the results should be of interest to a wide group of scientists.  
10522 6 t these are subject to biofouling which could compromise the data. at present, the data are mai 
ces to minimise biofouling. further, we will maximise the value of generating this high frequen 
urement from science-driven agendas. we will demonstrate such a network supports these agendas  
-time forecasting of lake behaviour: we will incorporate the real-time data available from the  
 on the fate of carbon within lakes: we will track pool and flux variability of dissolved carbo 
 generation and the new instrumentation will demonstrate not only the value of observing the en 
10752 6 t these are subject to biofouling which could compromise the data. at present, the data are mai 
ces to minimise biofouling. further, we will maximise the value of generating this high frequen 
urement from science-driven agendas. we will demonstrate such a network supports these agendas  
-time forecasting of lake behaviour: we will incorporate the real-time data available from the  
 on the fate of carbon within lakes: we will track pool and flux variability of dissolved carbo 
 generation and the new instrumentation will demonstrate not only the value of observing the en 
10756 6 t these are subject to biofouling which could compromise the data. at present, the data are mai 
ces to minimise biofouling. further, we will maximise the value of generating this high frequen 
urement from science-driven agendas. we will demonstrate such a network supports these agendas  
-time forecasting of lake behaviour: we will incorporate the real-time data available from the  
 on the fate of carbon within lakes: we will track pool and flux variability of dissolved carbo 
 generation and the new instrumentation will demonstrate not only the value of observing the en 
11807 6 t these are subject to biofouling which could compromise the data. at present, the data are mai 
ces to minimise biofouling. further, we will maximise the value of generating this high frequen 
urement from science-driven agendas. we will demonstrate such a network supports these agendas  
-time forecasting of lake behaviour: we will incorporate the real-time data available from the  
 on the fate of carbon within lakes: we will track pool and flux variability of dissolved carbo 
 generation and the new instrumentation will demonstrate not only the value of observing the en 
7685 5 projection of how marine sociecosystems will evolve in the future, and for analysis of the shor 
ers and scientists. the simulation tool will be implemented at regional scale in the western in 
cial scientists involved in the project will work closely with regional decision-makers to iden 
pective scenarios. the project outcomes will promote integrated marine spatial planning in the  
stern indian ocean. the simulation tool will be applicable in other oceanic regions worldwide.  
10264 2  predict what effect such acidification will have on marine life and chemical processes in the  
etailed sampling and study. this record will enable us to define the rate and magnitude of ph c 
10075 1 the world s leading tropical ecologists will contribute the accumulated data and experience of  
11513 1 the world s leading tropical ecologists will contribute the accumulated data and experience of  
12739 1 ers, the mersey and waveney. the survey will provide firm data both to further support the find 
10451 4  t sensitivity of p and r. our research will establish the extent to which the temperature sens 
lly among contrasting plant species. it will also establish the underlying mechanisms responsib 
iability. a key element of our research will be distinguishing between acclimation of pre-exist 
ge in temperature. the knowledge gained will enable more accurate process-driven models of p an 
11330 5  recovery of intact lower oceanic crust would be a major step forward. scientific ocean drillin 
ntact lower oceanic crust. this section will yield an unprecedented view of lower crustal evolu 
the pi to join expedition 335, where he will serve as igneous petrologist. he will describe and 
e will serve as igneous petrologist. he will describe and interpret the plutonic rocks, which r 
ring crustal accretion. in addition, he will define hypotheses to test during post-cruise resea 
15029 1 limited by the paucity of theory , that could contribute substantially to generate potential sc 
11647 5                              stoneworts will be measured on at least 300 individual oospore spe 
 that distinguish the different species will be discriminated, with the expectation that sets o 
ecies, may be different for another. we will then test the potential of our developed identific 
at different levels in hickling core it will be possible to directly compare our reconstructed  
f our system. if successful the project will represent a considerable breakthrough for palaeoli 
10031 1  provide a major global store of carbon could provide an enhanced sink for atmospheric co2 sequ 
11825 1  provide a major global store of carbon could provide an enhanced sink for atmospheric co2 sequ 
15165 4 redation risk around seed-bearing trees will modify seed removal patterns as well as patterns o 
s in seed shadows due to predation risk will influence the final pattern of holm oak recruitmen 
nal pattern of holm oak recruitment. we will test predictions from this main hypothesis by mean 
toring until seedling establishment. we will follow an integrative approach aimed at analysing  
1992 6 nvironment. in the proposed project, we will take an experimental approach to test whether adul 
ences of unavoidable, masking noise. we will collaborate with established research groups with  
o great tit study populations. again we will take an experimental approach to avoid typical con 
habitat in cities or along highways. we will measure the impact of experimentally increased noi 
nd adjusted song types on female choice will be tested using a standard skinner box set-up with 
 operant conditioning experiments, this would be the first time for this well-studied model spe 
7460 11                                  acobar will develop an observing system for the interior of th 
olumn, the seafloor and the subseafloor will be possible in ice-covered seas. acobar will contr 
be possible in ice-covered seas. acobar will contribute to filling gaps in the global ocean obs 
upport the development of geoss. acobar will implement field experiments with acoustic sources  
d the arctic ocean. acoustic tomography will be used to obtain integrated 3-d fields of tempera 
long-range acoustic navigation commands will be tested to operate gliders. data transmission fr 
rom ships or for satellite transmission will be implemented. the existing array of acoustic sou 
-tethered platforms in the arctic ocean will be tested for tomographic measurements of water ma 
y arrays and other underwater platforms will be disseminated to users with near real-time capab 
ng assimilation in ocean models. acobar will extend and improve methods for underwater data col 
hnology and know-how from usa to europe will take place, with exchange of scientists, workshops 
539 1 ticularly to stochasticity and warming, will lead to a better understanding of the parallel glo 
211 1 ast 2–3 master theses; the main results will be published in international peer-reviewed journa 
11554 4 otypic plasticity . in this project, we will investigate adaptive divergence and phenotypic pla 
 the kidney to be quantified. our study will be among the first to examine the relative roles o 
ral and molecular approach. our results will show to what extent the nest building behaviour of 
y is important because, for example, it will help us predict how species introductions and glob 
10709 6 eatly reduced immediately, more warming would still occur because of inertia in the earth s cli 
might be implemented. the proposed work will provide the first systematic analysis of the impor 
ios to examine which, if any, scenarios would be sufficient to allow range expansion, and which 
ation strategy is the best. the project will produce results of considerable practical value, a 
ions about limits to species ranges. it will open up a new avenue of research on the impacts of 
ain about what to do. the proposed work will provide a concrete body of scientific evidence to  
10053 2 his suggests that studies of adaptation should incorporate both the magnitude and rate of envir 
y systems are necessarily artificial, i will look for similar patterns of adaptation in algal c 
12738 2                            this project would review all the relevant landscape scale adaptatio 
ady been completed or are under way. it would seek to answer a range of questions of key policy 
12148 4  organism to the ecosystem level, which could help to predict invasion outcome. our tasks inclu 
entific knowledge. the expected results will contribute to further development of the isotopic  
operties of the biosystems. our results will be helpful in developing the indicators of good en 
esponsible for new enzyme activities-it could be used for the development of modern technologie 
14629 1 ojet is a continuation of previous . we will also study their adaptative capacity to changes in 
11353 3 volutionary response to smoke pollution could not have occurred. do they represent ancestral po 
of populations. in particular, our work will add to the body of data on the genetic and develop 
not least, the results of this research will add a revitalising new dimension to the paradigmat 
13789 4 terdisciplinary research programme that will integrate, in a novel constellation, expertise fro 
, species, and ecosystems over time. we will address issues of fundamental importance for our u 
cesses of global change. this programme will greatly expand our knowledge and understanding of  
e to environmental changes. finally, we will produce new models with which the effects of large 
13737 2 that, if this is the case, such systems should have organisms that are well adapted to acid con 
 and laboratory. gaining such knowledge would be useful, for example to support ecological func 
12067 4 living close to the disturbed areas and could be of major economical and health importance in l 
ops constitutes an economical risk that will be taken into consideration. in addition, the emer 
ter understand and predict changes that will affect disturbed ecosystems in africa and south am 
cademic and agricultural models insects will trigger a major advance in understanding the impac 
2031 2 hange in the environment. from this, we will calculate the maximal rate of environmental change 
 cope with. more severe climatic change will have major effects on the viability of populations 
2491 6                             the project will be run by the natural resources law group at the u 
ege lata and de lege ferenda studies it will address the following two general questions which  
activities in the field and the project will follow these. it will look into the legal situatio 
d and the project will follow these. it will look into the legal situation and solutions in som 
tact with other disciplines the project will be linked to the interdisciplinary project respond 
aptation in norway . the 4 year project will include one phd thesis, four more limited studies, 
12399 3     summary objective: the acme project will attempt to provide insight into the socio-economic 
te change in the marine environment. it will investigate the extent to which forthcoming and ex 
robust to future climate change, and it will explore decadal-scale variations in climate change 
6875 1 brium word, the question of coexistence should be posed for the whole area of distribution and  
13780 1 g aims: . the work on transgenic salmon will be carried out in collaboration with prof. robert  
13817 3 vation and management of populations. i will examine the relationship between molecular are muc 
tween fst and qst and the current study will provide such estimates. i will also examine the ge 
nt study will provide such estimates. i will also examine the genetics of phenotypic plasticity 
11120 2 enging them to a diverse parasite fauna will test their immunological response, parasite-resist 
r, reproduction and survival. this work will improve our understanding on the role of selection 
14668 3 g capacity of different bone structures would be carried out. the structures chosen are the sho 
ed to special functional demands, which could act as selective pressures. although the baculum  
in locomotion. fatigue mechanical tests would be used on avian bones and, if material was avail 
10435 4                            this project will investigate the evolutionary processes and physiol 
production within or across species. we shall test the alternative hypothesis that the frequenc 
rge samples of individuals, the project will use a combination of novel experiments involving t 
lyses of existing data to . finally, we shall develop novel game-theoretical models based on re 
15461 1  cutoff point between organ sensitivity will be measured in a parallel project by the ucla team 
10753 1 s entirely possible that methanogenesis could occur within them. we now think that marine zoopl 
9871 1 s entirely possible that methanogenesis could occur within them. we now think that marine zoopl 
11737 8 peninsula to the west. if proved, these would be important for the retention and/or dispersal o 
l scotia confluence. the adelie project will deploy 20 surface drifters and 4 argo floats near  
esigned to follow the ocean current and will telemeter their position back via satellite severa 
ia satellite. these floats and drifters will span the antarctic coastal current and antarctic s 
erature and salinity across these flows will indicate their locations and quantify their streng 
quantify their strength. their pathways will be mapped for the first time. the influence of bat 
ting and steering of these frontal jets will be studied. output from eddy resolving ocean model 
output from eddy resolving ocean models will be analysed and virtual drifters deployed in their 
12063 1 the main challenges of the 21st century will be to ensure the conservation of marine biodiversi 
1944 1 d. the oio with a specialization in law will map the interdependencies between actors in the fo 
13608 5            advanced chemical techniques will be used to expand the understanding of the impact  
 criteria of the bacterial strains that will be used for the experiments will include their abi 
s that will be used for the experiments will include their ability to mobilize important nutrie 
ct on nutrient cycling in forest soils, will lead to increased knowledge concerning how this of 
his often overlooked triple-interaction could benefit sustainable, environmentally-friendly for 
15303 4 ith one to three or more rb fusions. we will determine which alterations in genetic recombinati 
olved in spermatic maturation. also, we will perform a comparative cytological analysis of the  
ed with the karyotype. additionally, we will create, for the first time from a wild rb populati 
 species, a bank of cellular lines that will provide biological material for future researches. 
13979 4  costs estimated at sek 200 million. we will apply and further develop novel decision-theoretic 
 woodpecker action plans objectives. we will also examine the vulnerability of these recommenda 
 around model assumptions. this project will determine the best and most economically efficient 
ermore our approach and its application will generate/produce an exemplary case-study for appli 
7451 1  question to be addressed. salsea-merge will provide the basis for advancing our understanding  
13362 1 enepools. in this project, the material will be evaluated as free pollination and hybrid variet 
6843 7 future the wood-covered area of hungary will increase from 19% to 25%. the importance of the af 
nd in the hungarian–plain. soil samples will be taken from afforested monotonous and mixed pine 
sampling methods soil cores – 100 cm3 – will be removed from randomly selected areas. at each s 
an 5 cm internal diametered steel corer will be used. the soil cores will be wrapped in plastic 
teel corer will be used. the soil cores will be wrapped in plastic film for their safe transpor 
ansportation to the laboratory and they will be subjected to extraction in a modified tullgren  
te the epigeic, collembola barber traps will be used too.  
10688 1 conditions during early development. we will combine the organismal fitness measures of lifespa 
10443 1 mics context. as a result, our research will provide general insights into life history and agi 
10177 2 l change archaeologically. this project will allow us to test the chronology and nature of the  
 small application to study ancient dna will follow.  
7051 4  gap of knowledge. the proposed project will utilize a molecular food web approach and examine, 
the fieldderived data, cage experiments will be conducted to assess how parasitoid diversity an 
e field results. the work proposed here will take research on parasitoid aphid control one step 
d aphid control one step further, as it will provide a clearer understanding of how plant ferti 
11821 2 est this initial finding. to do this we will study a part of chromosome number 1 of the wheat g 
quences and the ones in wild plants, we will be able to work out exactly which wild populations 
7436 1 e slopes. for vipera berus, the project should lead to the establishment of a monitoring long-  
10639 5 ing to significant new discoveries that will be published in foremost scientific journals. the  
ntific journals. the impact of this phd will be to provide needed insights into the effectivene 
change mitigation strategy. the project will show if biochar soil treatment of uk soils is like 
 functions they underpin. this research will meet an aim of the nerc strategic plan to enable s 
tion and mitigation. moreover this work will contribute to the nerc biodiversity theme to under 
7430 1  in favor of biodiversity which results will be measured through national and regional projects 
7190 2 sion of french agriculture. agriculture will have to adapt quickly to ensure its sustainability 
eristics of weed species. these systems will be evaluated by combining different criteria: malh 
7413 1  and ecological. this call for projects will allow our project to mobilize the necessary resour 
7703 7 resistance management. this interaction will be studied under controlled conditions and artific 
field conditions. in the laboratory, it will be possible to identify candidate genes for expres 
 of the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism will be obtained by different culture systems or with c 
r mineral. yield components and disease will be studied in these systems. the dynamics of nitro 
ms. the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism will be measured globally by conventional chemical anal 
n analyzes identified in the laboratory will better understand the mechanisms that modify the e 
of genetic expression of the resistance will reinforce knowledge about the mechanisms involved. 
13310 5 versity and ecosystem functioning alarm will develop and test methods and protocols for the ass 
ct and indirect human impacts. research will focus on assessment and forecast of changes in bio 
t and future european land use patterns will be assessed. there is an increasing number of case 
w they act in concert is poor and alarm will be the first research initiative with the critical 
consequences. risk assessments in alarm will be hierarchical and examine a range of organisatio 
15187 3                            this project will study the benthic marine algae from sand-rocky hab 
antabric coast of iberian peninsula. it will establish a floristic, taxonomic and ecologic base 
ometry and the wave exposure. samplings will be carried out at the intertidal of representative 
13593 4 biotic communities. in this project, we will explore the trophic interactions between three int 
ies on ecosystem processes. firstly, we will test the hypothesis that plants from invading popu 
 common-garden experiment. secondly, we will use mesocosm experiments and coupled field experim 
consumption. we expect that the project will contribute to the development of tools for predict 
2522 2 er through genetic studies.this project will provide knowledge of introduction routes, establis 
 effects on native fauna and flora that will help natural resource managers to develop monitori 
14416 2 n native animal population. the project will produce validated data base of alien arthropods of 
s of bulgaria published in internet. it will allow modernization of scientific equipment of par 
13743 6  natives for this service. this project will investigate how a native flora is affected by the  
. first, a complete pollination network will be mapped in a habitat that harbours a large amoun 
rge amount of alien plant species. this will allow us to investigate how alien plants integrate 
ngths and abundance of the alien plants will allow estimations of their potential to affect the 
the native flora. second, an experiment will be performed to estimate how pollinator visitation 
ies. the species used in the experiment will be a subset from the mapped pollination network. t 
7574 4 y high strength and partial resistance, will be given priority. allelic sequencing of these gen 
rity. allelic sequencing of these genes will be realized in a variety of representative varieti 
ves. characterization of this diversity will be conducted in conjunction with the resistance le 
tance and the adaptability of the virus will then be tested by serial inoculations on virtually 
10823 2 of all air-breathing marine animals. we will investigate how size-related differences in the ab 
also in the deep sea. in addition, this will be the most comprehensive satellite tracking study 
13311 3 ork of excellence model. this framework will ensure that research contributes directly to our u 
ramework, and the research it supports, will also facilitate the long-term institutional change 
he long-term institutional changes that will be necessary to accomplish the alter-net objective 
14510 1 which was studied in cereals, and which would be of great importance to recover in crucifers to 
12355 3 e are other commercial laboratories who could carry out the analysis of marine samples for the  
ng these requirements. the laboratories will be sent samples to analyse and evaluated and compa 
 strategy of samples for fepa licensing will be produced.  
11067 5 e overall consequences of these changes will determine changes to biodiversity as a whole. thus 
l and global biodiversity. this project will investigate altitudinal changes in dung beetle spe 
re available from 14 to 26 years ago. i will test whether altitudinal occurrence of species in  
, whether these changes are as great as would be expected given the amount of warming that has  
ition of the mountain range. finally, i will explore the consequences of individual species shi 
9965 5 e overall consequences of these changes will determine changes to biodiversity as a whole. thus 
l and global biodiversity. this project will investigate altitudinal changes in dung beetle spe 
re available from 14 to 26 years ago. i will test whether altitudinal occurrence of species in  
, whether these changes are as great as would be expected given the amount of warming that has  
ition of the mountain range. finally, i will explore the consequences of individual species shi 
12037 4 ioeconomic or other levers, legislation should consider changing to correct the strongly negati 
 links among them. if significant links would appear, we might identify the socioeconomic and/o 
onomic and/or landscape conditions that would make a most eco efficient use of the land and ide 
ent environments and 2. if verified, we would indicate how a given type of socieconomical and/o 
10527 1 d their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improved predictions of the resp 
10774 1 d their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improved predictions of the resp 
11051 1 d their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improved predictions of the resp 
11574 1 d their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improved predictions of the resp 
11816 1 d their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improved predictions of the resp 
11817 1 d their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improved predictions of the resp 
11820 1 d their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improved predictions of the resp 
11235 5 ry research and partner consortium that will involve and support some of the most marginalised  
alth and wellbeing. such an observatory will provide vital evidence on the links of biodiversit 
 in the region and internationally, and will be a major evidence base for decision-makers and i 
emphasis on development of partners who will support and guide the observatory and who will be  
pport and guide the observatory and who will be major users of the observatory in the longer te 
10573 4 onal and global atmospheric budgets. we will also explore the relationships between trace gas f 
xes and key biophysical drivers , which will help us to better understand how methane and nitro 
al conditions. these process-based data will allow us to predict the likely outcome of future e 
mental change or human disturbance, and will be useful for future modelling efforts. this resea 
2204 2 n introduced alien aquatic organism and will work in close connection to wp 7 and wp 8 and supp 
rporates human activities and behaviour will be the outcome of this project.  
11186 1 this method. aspartic acid racemization could help place these records on a precise chronology  
10869 2 e a map of ammonia concentrations. this will help us understand how much ammonia a rookery of t 
 and the area likely to be affected. we will also measure how much ammonia lichens have taken u 
14782 1 ribution. to attain these objectives we will undertake morphological, ecological and molecular  
12051 2 mpas. the calibration of the indicators will be done by analysis of historical databases . the  
 decision making process and governance will be based on the analysis of reserves of variable s 
15445 6 rtant the jaw activity is. the research would involve recording biting forces in a selection of 
evious experiments. complementarily, it should be carried out an allometrical analysis of diffe 
fractal geometry. the digging behaviour would be also studied by means of high speed video. alt 
 these different complementary analyses would allow discerning whether an only functional patte 
ts. possible differences in the pattern could be due to variations in animal size and soil comp 
 affinity. additional ontogeny analyses would be used whether structural and behavioural differ 
12479 23                              this study will estimate the benefits derived from the ecosystem s 
an be valued by considering how much it would cost to replace the service with a man-made equiv 
ms at a global level. the current study will specifically concentrate on terrestrial ecosystems 
n terrestrial ecosystems in england and will calculate the value of ecosystem services at regio 
t regional and national levels. results will inform the development of an ‘integrated policy fr 
f an ‘integrated policy framework which will enable the delivery of defras vision for the natur 
perity now and in the future. the study will be carried out in two stages. the first stage will 
ried out in two stages. the first stage will build on the work carried out in phase 1 of the na 
he actual situation in england. stage 1 will concentrate on applying existing knowledge and inf 
of england’s terrestrial ecosystems. it will employ a consultative approach, involving an inter 
aluation studies. a valuation framework will be developed to aid in organising and directing th 
f value. an initial, qualitative rating will be made of the magnitude of each service in each t 
vice in each type of ecosystem. stage 2 will use the framework developed above to place values  
ove to place values on each service. it will be possible to value some services using the benef 
roach. in addition it is likely that it will not be possible or appropriate to quantify some ot 
rove very valuable. a flexible approach will be required regarding the precise tools to be used 
tools to be used and a decision on this will be made during the course of stage 1. the study wi 
during the course of stage 1. the study will also provide a methodology for combining and aggre 
 values. a small number of case studies will be employed to investigate these issues in real-wo 
n real-world situations. a gap analysis will highlight any ecosystem services that could not be 
l highlight any ecosystem services that could not be valued and will identify the most signific 
m services that could not be valued and will identify the most significant uncertainties involv 
volved in the study. finally, the study will make recommendations for further work that can hel 
11861 2 ative technique to identify issues that could potentially affect uk biodiversity.we have planne 
a leading ecological journal. this work should be of considerable importance is helping set the 
11591 5  not achieving the required results. we will collectively publish the results of the analysis.  
lts of the analysis. some of these gaps will be as a result of the need for new policies while  
 the need for new policies while others will be a result of gaps in knowledge. we expect that t 
 in knowledge. we expect that this work will be influential in identifying areas where new poli 
o be filled by additional science. this will be run jointly with dr andy clements, director of  
12241 10 nother large-scale experimental program could be financed, so it is essential to preserve the h 
dern database programmes such as access would provide an ideal framework in which to combine su 
ectronic database cataloguing this data would provide a unique resource from which new nutrient 
ecommendation systems, including rb209, could be developed and evaluated, and would be an inval 
, could be developed and evaluated, and would be an invaluable source of information for answer 
vegetable crops. such a database system could also be used to collate new data from ongoing res 
oing research. in summary, the database will underpin an improved understanding of how added nu 
h and development and crop quality, and will ensure better targeting of such nutrients. it will 
 better targeting of such nutrients. it will also assist with developing best practice guidelin 
g parts of the database on the internet will also be explored to encourage its widespread use.  
10444 2 behaviour of foxes in urban bristol. we will compare gps- and vhf-tracking data in terms of per 
ween natal philopatry and dispersal. we will then use these data to model the benefits of group 
11576 5 bservations of land surface evaporation will enable research on the canopy level processes asso 
oration and transpiration. this project will develop a method for separating eddy covariance ob 
d wet evaporation outputs. this project will evaluate this approach using eddy covariance obser 
ion on surface wetness. the methodology will then be applied to a wide range of biomes for whic 
abase called fluxnet. in doing so, this will enable a study of the water use strategies of thes 
10650 1 emical markers from known plant species will then be used in the final proof of concept stage t 
10342 1 to the same data. the proposed research will test these techniques by applying them to simulate 
10041 7 ve evolutionary hypotheses. the project will isolate genes responsible for the enzymatic conver 
he relevant genefrom target species, we will then go on to determine the relevant roles they pl 
rison between the quelea and widow bird will allow us to determine if the same or different gen 
 and more distantly related species, we will aim to address a number of important evolutionary  
categories of carotenoids this research will provide a unique insight into the molecular and ev 
 of carotenoid coloration in birds that will be of very broad interest to behavioural ecologist 
 and evolutionary geneticists. the work will also provide the basis for future studies on physi 
10901 4 h cases the capability for 13c analysis will be retained. these systems will be demonstrated by 
nalysis will be retained. these systems will be demonstrated by csna analysis of amino acids de 
n with bangor university. dissemination will take place through the nerc community and beyond.  
ity and beyond. commercial exploitation will be undertaken by our industrial partner.  
13799 1           the proposed research project will analyze the role of different forms of urban green 
7689 6  luberon territory of irrigation canals will meet this demand. the objective is to provide a ma 
hannels in the landscape and vegetation will be analyzed in terms of ecological and social dyna 
gical services provided by the channels will formalize their value and possible forms of recove 
 of recovery. the sociological approach will seek to identify the different actors concerned by 
dly by the emergence of new players who will take over the ecological value of these facilities 
unctionality and new ways in which they will can be integrated into management decisions implem 
11726 1 anopy- and component-scale measurements will be integrated within a state-of-the-art modelling  
15017 3 . signal theory predicts that selection would favour those signals exhibiting an optimal balanc 
of intra- and inter-sexual interactions will be experimentally studied in two bird species. in  
ile adopting a comparative approach, it will be investigated whether the distribution, size and 
10052 9 there are concerns that these materials will be released into the environment, especially from  
nd that these anti-bacterial properties will persist. we have already shown that tio2 nps are t 
ps with known anti-bacterial properties could alter bacterial communities in aquatic sediments  
 in the laboratory. bacterial diversity will be assessed using state-of-the-art molecular techn 
rlying water. particle characterisation will involve several recommended measurements, and chem 
al factors such as water ph or salinity will be monitored. the project brings together expertis 
logy of nanoparticles. the deliverables will include measured time courses of microbial diversi 
 tio2 nps in separate experiments. this will provide the first vital proof of principle as to w 
 not nps with anti-bacterial properties could also be harmful to microorganisms in the environm 
12703 2 contact details and further information will be available from the defra project officer. tende 
derers are invited to indicate how they will ensure collaboration with these projects.  
1085 5 tribution. to this scope, the data base will be integrated with a gis software in order to prod 
ampling in selected environmental units will be carried out in order to analyse the diversity o 
sion processes of the sand dune systems will be monitored by using permanent sampling quadrats. 
the morphological and functional traits will be carried out for all sampled species following c 
ether with the analysis of biodiversity could be eventually apply to propose models which can p 
14569 2 on its genetic and functional diversity would enable a more rational selection of strains. such 
onal selection of strains. such studies will provide fresh insights into the contribution of th 
10232 3 o sensitive to climate is equivocal. we will analyse existing data sets for british butterflies 
tion dynamics. using new field data, we will model relationships between current distribution,  
rical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relate species thermal ecology to recen 
10498 3 o sensitive to climate is equivocal. we will analyse existing data sets for british butterflies 
tion dynamics. using new field data, we will model relationships between current distribution,  
rical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relate species thermal ecology to recen 
11512 3 o sensitive to climate is equivocal. we will analyse existing data sets for british butterflies 
tion dynamics. using new field data, we will model relationships between current distribution,  
rical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relate species thermal ecology to recen 
11613 3 o sensitive to climate is equivocal. we will analyse existing data sets for british butterflies 
tion dynamics. using new field data, we will model relationships between current distribution,  
rical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relate species thermal ecology to recen 
15172 3  of any am propagule. objetives 1 and 2 will additionally allow to understand the relationships 
 to the target plants/communities. this would allow to optimize mycorrhizal establishment, to a 
ungi. this biotechnological development would be based on the use of the methodology to produce 
10721 8 ganism or how they evolve. this project will fill this gap in our knowledge. we will identify t 
will fill this gap in our knowledge. we will identify the genomic regions that have opposite ef 
d which genes they contain. further, we will investigate to what extent sexual antagonism can p 
ve effect on the other sex. finally, we will study the patterns of dna evolution of loci involv 
s in sex-specific performance. doing so will allow us to infer for how long sexual antagonism h 
ing these multiple aspects, our project will provide information that will help us to understan 
r project will provide information that will help us to understand the factors that prevent som 
being differentially expressed. thus we will deepen our general understanding of how difference 
7389 1 rgeting genes pksi. some of these genes will be sequenced and data used to know the taxonomic p 
10960 1 xa and the plankton community structure will be possible.  
6923 3 encing constructs for these genes which will be used to transform the rootstock cultivar vitis  
 various strains of agrobacterium vitis will be tested to obtain information on the role of the 
itis interaction. the results we expect will be important for molecular breeding since they may 
14536 4 be the bacterial species. this proposal will apply this recommendation to aeromonas, because it 
better define the species within it. we will partially sequence ten genes in a representative c 
presentative collection of strains that will include all aeromonas species. five of these genes 
ential cellular functions . finally, we will also try to apply the biological species concept o 
7529 1 tion is whether interspecific diversity will be valued. the methods are: analysis by hplc pigme 
14789 1                      in this project we will continue studying the biological role of parasitic 
14173 4  of mitochondrial dna intermediates. we will perform extensive characterization of mitochondria 
nsional agarose gel electrophoresis. we would like to understand what mechanism drives the init 
he pattern of complex dna intermediates will be analyzed within the framework of three differen 
ick. the analysis on 2-dimensional gels will be combined with different enzyme treatments, in o 
15173 7             in this research project we will study sex determination and gonadal differentiatio 
aries . finally, gonadal development we will be studied using two approaches. on the one hand,  
es. on the one hand, in both species we will clone ortholog genes to those with differential ex 
e place in the gonad during development will allow us to establish the role of those genes in t 
genes in this process. on the other, we will search for new genes with differential expression  
of the data from microarray experiments will reveal new genes involved in this process in amphi 
olved in this process in amphibians and will open new possibilities to study.  
15038 1 is project all these previous questions will be faced, considering as model the invasion of the 
7532 2 tween them. the distances between races will be calculated by using the methods of classificati 
ous representation of races and alleles will also be used  
15143 2 s maintained in these landscapes, so it will become urgent to know the effects that the habitat 
stration agencies with information that could contribute to establish policies related with lan 
10068 4                            this project will use molecular techniques to reconstruct the coevol 
iety of different lineages of louse, we will be able to test whether these lineages have respon 
e kinds of seabird . evolutionary trees will also be used to test whether all the species of lo 
ce are distant relatives. this research will led to a greater understanding of the factors invo 
15424 5 of research in the last two decades. we will continue the study of the maintenance of colour mo 
olour morphs in the coenagrionidae, and will study the behaviour and polymorphism in the sole m 
 representative of the polythoridae. we will compare survivorship and resighting rates in polym 
al colleagues from around the world, we will be able to obtain at least one representative of e 
ntriguing species of the suborder. this will allow us to make a comprehensive analysis of sperm 
14166 4  non-existent. the measurement platform will be a robinson r-22 helicopter or an unmanned aeria 
nmanned aerial vehicle and measurements will be carried out over the järvselja field base of th 
ity of life sciences which has been and will be a test site of international satellite remote s 
 techniques, the results of the project will be utilized in checking and developing canopy refl 
6918 2 netic links between breeds and/or herds should be optimized. the inbreeding in short time, the  
, as co-workers and consortium members, will use the results also during the project and also t 
1987 1 tion schedule and what the implications will be of environmental changes along their flyways, h 
13600 4 ifferent canopy-thinning intensities. i will analyze recently collected and previously unpublis 
plicit epiphyte abundance data, which i will collect on the shade-trees. in order to study the  
 interaction between ants and plants, i will preform an experiment on the ant response to variu 
tes on coffee plants and shade trees. i will primarily be located at dr. stacy m. philpott´s la 
10344 6              two scientists from bangor will join a 50 scientist team to conduct a rare experim 
oe in the weddell sea, antarctica. they will conduct 50 days of sampling and experimental work  
rneath the ice. in particular the group will study the supply of nitrogen and carbon to the bac 
ast ice cover. many of the measurements will be made on board the ship, however, some sophistic 
r, some sophisticated chemical analyses will be made on samples returned to bangor. the work is 
 alfred wegener institute, germany, but will involve researchers from other nations. the total  
14366 4 cal features in a fluvial landscape. it will also be investigated whether spectral and/or backs 
nd underlying soil composition. results will be cross-validated with historical data and throug 
ry. not only the 2d-expansion of cities will be analysed, buth also the 3d evolution using resu 
ent: in this wp, the results of wps 1-5 will be integrated in order to understand the long-term 
14708 3 ances with antimicrobial activity which could provide the bird with defenses against parasites  
ing dark secretions during breeding, we will check whether all of them host bacteria, and how m 
logenies of the birds and the symbionts will be compared to gain insight in the evolutionary hi 
13786 4  unknown which part of the protein that could be involved in binding. this will be investigated 
that could be involved in binding. this will be investigated through mutations of different par 
loning hemolin from noctuid species, it will be possible to directly investigate if and how hem 
al gene expression analysis in silkmoth will be performed, leading to further investigation thr 
14106 9 ogenous antioxidants in these processes will be evaluated. to solve these questions, novel bioc 
l biochemical and immunological markers will be elaborated in lab experiments; later these meth 
 experiments; later these methodologies will be applied for clarification of the mechanisms rel 
 studies on free-living birds. research will be conducted on traditional study objects of evolu 
 and parasite-mediated sexual selection will be tested by experimental up-regulation and suppre 
dividaual antioxidant protection status will be tested. costs and benefits of parasite resistan 
pression of carotenoid-based ornaments, will be evaluated in the model of experimental coccidio 
xperimental coccidiosis. the same model will be also applied for assessment how standard assays 
immune suppression and oxidative stress will be tested by experimental manipulation of reproduc 
7630 1 se equivalence criteria are central and will depend on a range of factors relating to the natur 
15333 3  of ants as bioindicadors. the response will be evaluated at different levels of organization i 
d individual species. at the same time, will be investigated the impacts of the argentine ant o 
n the fragments under study. this study will generate information relevant to the development o 
14604 3  genera alytes and hyla the experiments will determine whether the influence of temperature cha 
 by natural selection. this information will be useful to make predictive models about the resp 
d the comparative study between species will allow to establish the characteristics of the most 
10922 2 mpetition in spatially extended systems will be investigated from both long and short-term labo 
ge of mathematical models. these models will range from general phenomenological descriptors of 
15575 7 s proposal, a consortium of three teams will explore the relationships between biodiversity, as 
of biological control. our study system will be cereal aphids, which are among the economically 
f data already collected by our team we will analyse how local land use and landscape compositi 
ecular techniques food web interactions will be empirically examined under field conditions all 
king and biological control. these data will feed into a model for biological control of cereal 
y and non-monetary methods. finally, we will map biological control across landscapes in europe 
tural intensity and landscape structure will influence biological control.  
10603 2  bacteria are never depressurised which should allow deep bacteria not previously seen to be st 
a not previously seen to be studied. we will investigate these bacteria to find out what type t 
11558 2 yfish abundance and fish abundance this will be a very useful advance for managers seeking to r 
es in an ecosystem context. the project will also demonstrate to a wide ecologist audience the  
12631 4 atives of natural england. the research will focus on local authorities with high a degree of d 
hese elements of work, the project team will ultimately develop a technical report which detail 
nd in england over the past decade, and will summarise how planning authorities have taken acco 
planning applications. the project team will also seek appropriate opportunities to promote the 
7034 1 accuracy and precision of model outputs will remain valid. if the model behaves unstable it may 
14695 4                     in this proyect, we will develop a set of appropriate microsatellite marker 
re programmes of the species. first, we will analyze gene diversity in natural populations to e 
f seahorse in atlantic area. second, we will study family structure, as well as the proper desi 
campus guttulatus in nature and culture will be studied to check the monogamous expectation in  
14484 1 s of nematode parasites. all these data will be applied, in the future, to the epidemiology and 
14663 1 ts validity as an ecophysiological tool will be tested by using the obtained data base in a for 
14203 1 ll-scale variation in surface sediments will be estimated. a hypothesis is proposed claiming th 
10821 1 ples more than half a million years old will be used to address: extension of the chronology of 
11022 7  these fissures and this proposed study will reveal new information about the ecology and evolu 
wide range of possible food. this study will use fea to test whether the jaws of morganucodon a 
eetles or snapping at passing moths. it will estimate the force of their bite / e.g. could they 
nsect cuticles this is important, as it will inform on feeding specialization and ecological ni 
ize of the different jaw bones if so it will help us to understand the mechanism of the transit 
tion. high resolution synchrotron scans will also provide detailed information about the tooth  
lacement patterns still occurred but we shall be able to study the mechanism with these interna 
12490 5  ammonia emissions from the soil to air could potentially lead to the nitrogen emerging as nitr 
 costs of policy measures. this project will compare the ecosystems approach with current conve 
ial for pollution swapping. the project will also identify potential barriers, and their causes 
level in the uk. a stakeholder workshop will be held to evaluate the implications of the new ap 
 to identify how an ecosystems approach could be implemented within current and future policy f 
12516 10                           this research will assess alternative methods of pest and disease man 
 to orchard floor vegetation management will determine if this can lead to reductions in pest p 
 the apple blossom weevil sex pheromone should lead to new methods of monitoring and controllin 
ghts into scab biology and epidemiology should increase the potential for successful management 
ts of calcium on fruit rotting in store will identify areas for future research. generalist pre 
r future research. generalist predators will attack a range of prey species. many species of pr 
e pathogen. thus calcium, if effective, could be used as part of an integrated approach to cont 
fruit and vegetable quality and rotting will be reviewed, and any gaps in knowledge will be ide 
 be reviewed, and any gaps in knowledge will be identified. further experimentation required to 
t and control of rotting in fruit crops will be outlined.  
13404 1 nd molecular characteristic of apricots will be determined.  
12057 1 versity to test the model. the findings will be compared between different types of aquatic env 
11045 1 ex steroids. as part of this project we will investigate the potential effects of bfrs on the h 
11057 1 ex steroids. as part of this project we will investigate the potential effects of bfrs on the h 
14892 5 tic structure and phylogenetic analyses will be used to assess factors implied in observed patt 
community and population level patterns will be related incorporating a nested taxonomical leve 
 across taxonomical levels. finally, we will explore how neutral and non-neutral processes cont 
, and dispersion capabilities. thus, we will bring population genetics to community genetics an 
es proposed in the richabun project, we will have a complete understanding of biodiversity patt 
10238 2 ant questions. we believe that priority should be given to identifying and exploring microbial  
ity, we aim to develop microarrays that will be the tools for environmental microbiology studie 
10697 2 ant questions. we believe that priority should be given to identifying and exploring microbial  
ity, we aim to develop microarrays that will be the tools for environmental microbiology studie 
11252 2 ant questions. we believe that priority should be given to identifying and exploring microbial  
ity, we aim to develop microarrays that will be the tools for environmental microbiology studie 
11262 2 ant questions. we believe that priority should be given to identifying and exploring microbial  
ity, we aim to develop microarrays that will be the tools for environmental microbiology studie 
11793 2 ant questions. we believe that priority should be given to identifying and exploring microbial  
ity, we aim to develop microarrays that will be the tools for environmental microbiology studie 
11800 2 ant questions. we believe that priority should be given to identifying and exploring microbial  
ity, we aim to develop microarrays that will be the tools for environmental microbiology studie 
11803 2 ant questions. we believe that priority should be given to identifying and exploring microbial  
ity, we aim to develop microarrays that will be the tools for environmental microbiology studie 
9971 2 ant questions. we believe that priority should be given to identifying and exploring microbial  
ity, we aim to develop microarrays that will be the tools for environmental microbiology studie 
9977 2 ant questions. we believe that priority should be given to identifying and exploring microbial  
ity, we aim to develop microarrays that will be the tools for environmental microbiology studie 
9986 2 ant questions. we believe that priority should be given to identifying and exploring microbial  
ity, we aim to develop microarrays that will be the tools for environmental microbiology studie 
9988 2 ant questions. we believe that priority should be given to identifying and exploring microbial  
ity, we aim to develop microarrays that will be the tools for environmental microbiology studie 
14108 1 entification of amf. these measurements will be performed across seasons in order to understand 
11863 7 ancient dna analysis of charred remains could tell us a great deal about prehistoric agricultur 
f these changes only occurred later. we could find out if we could study ancient dna in preserv 
occurred later. we could find out if we could study ancient dna in preserved remains of some of 
nct woolly mammoths. in this project we will test whether these new methods will also work with 
 we will test whether these new methods will also work with charred plant remains. we will try  
lso work with charred plant remains. we will try them out with wheat grains from a granary at a 
hat by using next generation methods we will be able to obtain sequences of wheat genes from th 
7035 8  time in these ecosystems. this project will answer this essential question in an interdiscipli 
 in streams and large rivers. first, we will study the architecture and composition of these co 
hysical setting in fluvial networks. we will test our hypothesis that biofilms and aggregates a 
ty. using experimental metagenomics, we will identify populations involved in the metabolism of 
nic compounds of terrestrial origin. we will also test the effect of algal priming and photooxi 
 new ultra-high resolution metabolomics will contribute to unravel some of the mechanisms under 
tooxidation. in a comparative approach, will then study whole-ecosytem metabolism in and co2 ou 
 fine-scale understanding of processes, will serve to test fluvial networks as metaecosystems a 
10518 5 ing, which is known to occur elsewhere, could release large amounts of methane over a short per 
nt of gas. a marine research expedition will use a deep-towed, very high-resolution seismic sys 
 the sediments beneath the seabed. this will be done in conjunction with an electromagnetic exp 
milar systems mounted on a ship s hull, will be supplemented by the use of ocean-bottom seismom 
smic profiles with small airgun , which will be established in the shallow plume area in summer 
11727 2 cluding spores, cuticles and coprolites will be subjected to a number of techniques to determin 
 colonisation of the plants. techniques will involve imaging and analytical fesem and sem, tem, 
10183 2 microbiological research. this proposal will determine if bacterioplankton comprise bacteria th 
ections that take place in the plankton will have a profound influence on marine ecology.  
11453 5 ated with neighbouring woody autotrophs will be tested. seeds of selected species will be burie 
ll be tested. seeds of selected species will be buried in recoverable packets at locations adja 
ion and seedling development. symbionts will be identified by molecular methods, and where poss 
izal syntheses with co-hosts. plantlets will be grown in microcosms for analysis of nutrient tr 
ation of these germination requirements will contribute to conservation strategies for national 
11663 2 -like pattern. study system the project will make use of an exceptionally detailed and extensiv 
oped the techniques and approaches that will underwrite the new student s study.  
11785 3 uantify nematode molecular biodiversity would represent a major advance towards identifying a c 
 s ecosystems. furthermore, the project will serve as a template for the use of mps in assessin 
 or floral sample / an application that will be universally applicable to any taxon or hypothes 
11636 5 organisms assimilating these substrates will be labelled and 13c- and 12c-labelled nucleic acid 
and 13c- and 12c-labelled nucleic acids will then be separated by density gradient centrifugati 
n. the different nucleic acid fractions will be analysed, by amplification of 1 6s rrna genes a 
. in addition, mrna extracted from soil will be analysed to determine whether the crenarchaeal  
ation inhibitors. the project therefore will therefore determine whether this abundant group of 
10070 6 ately ectomycorrhizal trees. this study will use a combined field and laboratory approach to un 
ts involved with tree establishment. we will rely heavily on molecular ecology approaches becau 
tish ectomycorrhizal fungi. our results will be broadly relevant because they will be carried o 
s will be broadly relevant because they will be carried out throughout multiple seasons at diff 
le seasons at different locations, they will be amenable to comparison with other heathland sys 
 with other heathland systems, and they will provide stepping stones for performing ecologicall 
10429 4 reenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly advance our understanding of ch4 and n2o e 
 important but understudied region, and will help us determine the relative contribution of and 
2o fluxes from upland andean ecosystems will also help us evaluate whether other tropical uplan 
ly simulate tropical ch4 and n2o fluxes will allow us to predict the likely response of tropica 
10967 4 reenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly advance our understanding of ch4 and n2o e 
 important but understudied region, and will help us determine the relative contribution of and 
2o fluxes from upland andean ecosystems will also help us evaluate whether other tropical uplan 
ly simulate tropical ch4 and n2o fluxes will allow us to predict the likely response of tropica 
11699 4 reenhouse gases . the proposed research will greatly advance our understanding of ch4 and n2o e 
 important but understudied region, and will help us determine the relative contribution of and 
2o fluxes from upland andean ecosystems will also help us evaluate whether other tropical uplan 
ly simulate tropical ch4 and n2o fluxes will allow us to predict the likely response of tropica 
14952 1 -uses, models for the expansion process will be proposed, based in ecological niche and in degr 
14540 1  and on cooccurrence in an open system, should show which are the major traits of this competit 
14638 1 ed and their biodiversity.these results shall allow to improve the information held in the data 
7151 5 rage temperature at the earth's surface will change the distribution of species and some will m 
ge the distribution of species and some will migrate to higher latitudes. what will he ash oxyp 
both species. for the experimental part will require each time to make a round trip between sym 
amental aspect of this study is that it will allow to better understand the dynamics of post- c 
ion of pioneer species that necessarily will have to adapt to changing climates. what are the p 
13875 4 on of new invasive species. the project will test for quantittive genetic differences between a 
rains in common garden experiments, and will test the enemy release hypothesis by reducing gene 
ith competitive neighbours. experiments will be carried out in parallel in the native and exoti 
s. in addition, the population dynamics will be studied in order to identify the life cycle sta 
14583 1 cial reefs. the results of this project will allow the repopulation of this formation on damage 
12590 1 he outputs from this extrapolation step should be readily interpretable and provide robust evid 
14480 4                            this project will assess the conservationist effectiveness and some  
 predation and mesopredator release, it could be predicted that lynx presence would act positiv 
t could be predicted that lynx presence would act positively and negatively on rabbit and small 
r carnivores, respectively. finally, we will produce detailed protocols of actuation specific t 
10163 3 coral cover, a post-doctoral researcher will establish the long-term patterns of change in abun 
es that are not exploited by fisheries, will be examined. this study will yield a unique pictur 
fisheries, will be examined. this study will yield a unique picture of the large-scale ecologic 
10190 2 taining all possible . finally, strains will be studied in their natural environments, in juice 
 exudates. this unique genetic resource will provide an unparalleled opportunity to assess the  
10998 2 taining all possible . finally, strains will be studied in their natural environments, in juice 
 exudates. this unique genetic resource will provide an unparalleled opportunity to assess the  
12342 6 rding. a proportion of discarded skates will die. research on thornback ray . the benefits of i 
improved estimates of discard mortality will be to reduce the risk that unsustainable fishing p 
sustainable fishing practices or quotas will damage stock health and potential. in addition, it 
k health and potential. in addition, it will benefit the development of any proposed recovery p 
tened stocks. furthermore, the research would highlight where improvements could be made to fis 
arch would highlight where improvements could be made to fishing practices to reduce discard mo 
14373 2  developing countries in particular. it will also incorporate data collected in the field using 
 in the field using modern devices that would greatly enhance the data collection capacity, its 
12291 16 anges to eu pesticide legislation which will result in the loss of many currently used herbicid 
ecent further changes in eu legislation will result in the further loss of approximately 15% of 
ions, it is likely that new regulations will remove some important alternative herbicide modes  
erbicide modes of action, these efforts will be hampered by a reduction in the number of herbic 
erns, future weed management strategies will need to integrate a larger number of practices, th 
rch is to develop a computer model that will predict the impacts of changes in herbicide availa 
 in uk arable cropping rotations. as it will not be possible to consider all weeds, we have cho 
icide legislation, a series of analyses will be performed to consider how weed management can c 
istance. a key element of these changes will be to incorporate more cultural, physical and biol 
l options. this modelling-based project will help defra to quantify the impact of changing legi 
y to be required in future, the project will help to direct future defra-funded weeds research. 
 of alternative weed control strategies will require research to better understand the biology  
rol. the second element of this project will consider the potential for new weeds to invade and 
and distribution in the uk. the project will examine the evidence that these species are spread 
ese species are spreading in the uk and will consider how this spread may be exacerbated by cli 
d environmental change. recommendations will be made for further research to quantify and mitig 
10840 1 ng transfer functions. these parameters will be correlated with the known sediment and catchmen 
11610 1  growth, photosynthesis and n2 fixation will be undertaken in the tropical north atlantic as pa 
10973 4 ic environmental samples. the sequences will be used to assess biodiversity within planktonic e 
ean. following large-scale sequencing i will design sequence-specific probes and immobilize the 
tracted from previously unsampled sites will then be used to probe the phylochips. the methodol 
chips. the methodology, once optimised, will allow rapid and large-scale biodiversity and ecolo 
13794 1 f modeling of social-ecological systems will be an important component for my future research b 
7485 5  operations. the prevent escape project will conduct and integrate biological and technological 
cages and their immediate surrounds, we will assess technical and operational causes of escape  
on from these components of the project will feed into research specifically aimed at benchmark 
tion, when added to existing knowledge, will allow determination of practical, implementable me 
cessful, genetic and ecological impacts should diminish.  
11635 2 ring embryogenesis. in this project, we will establish whether this biodiverse set of insect pa 
virulence mechanisms. in particular, we will establish the relative roles of apoptosis inductio 
12469 2           summary objective the project will assess the impact of changes in fishing quota and  
ed to achieve sustainable fisheries and will contribute to thinking on the reform of the common 
14109 5  natural plant populations. for that, i will use a common self-incompatible wetland plant lychn 
cultural landscapes as model systems. i will sample sown and natural populations of l. flos-cuc 
ighly variable microsatellite markers i will study the effect of landscape structure on the gen 
using artificial dye to mimic pollen, i will study how effective is gene flow by pollen and whe 
s influenced by habitat connectivity. i will set up an experiment in the study area by growing  
12168 1  from the wider els monitoring project, will inform the development and implementation of agri- 
12550 6 . lightly and heavily infected colonies will be treated by shook swarm and monitored over one y 
e in the spring of the following season will track bacterial levels. direct comparisons will be 
ck bacterial levels. direct comparisons will be made with colonies conventionally treated with  
. in addition samples of bees and brood will be taken from apparently healthy colonies in disea 
se. all samples of adult bees and brood will be taken from each colony in the trial and levels  
ony in the trial and levels of bacteria will be determined in the laboratory using quantitative 
10865 5 oscoff and the mba plymouth the student will monitor variations in carbonate chemistry and biot 
biota of rockpool habitats. the student will be trained by a supervisory team that is world-lea 
ch using natural analogues. the student will then apply these skills to monitor spatial and tem 
emporal variability in ph . the student will examine whether calcified algae, foraminifera and  
cursions in 2012 repeated visual counts will be used to assess the diversity, behavior and abun 
14816 4 ng the vertebrates in spain. this study will include the identification of chorotypes and will  
de the identification of chorotypes and will explore the historical and the ecological processe 
s more dependent on the environment, we will build predictive models of future distributions in 
utions in a climate change scenario. we will also extract the pertinent conclusions for the con 
11012 1 w in low competition environments so we will also question whether exposure to pathogens hosted 
11524 1 w in low competition environments so we will also question whether exposure to pathogens hosted 
12171 4 nter in foraging and non-foraging sites will be used to characterise valuable foraging habitat  
form the sorts of habitat features that could potentially be promoted as field-edge mitigation  
 for the loss of set-aside. the results will help policy-makers to assess the need for measures 
pulation trends of farmland birds. they will also provide a basis for the development of possib 
9953 2 k and subsequent laboratory analyses we will also synthesize existing weather data from across  
ion. the overall outcome of the project will be to discover just how serious this event has bee 
9985 2 k and subsequent laboratory analyses we will also synthesize existing weather data from across  
ion. the overall outcome of the project will be to discover just how serious this event has bee 
2182 3 th catches from waters around jan mayen will be checked. also data derived from recent surveys  
categories and criteria. the evaluation will conform to these guidelines to enable easy integra 
d list. the realization of this project will increase the knowledge of the status of the fish s 
10858 1 their long-term survival. this proposal will investigate whether satellite telemetry can be use 
10067 4        proliferative kidney disease and will significantly contribute to fundamental knowledge  
tion on these interactions. the student would gain training in a range of transferable and tech 
f transferable and technical skills and would interact broadly during research with case partne 
zoans as a surrogate for monitoring pkd would provide a valuable and novel approach for managin 
10156 3  interactions into a mathematical model will allow us to predict how such parasite communities  
o predict how such parasite communities will respond to more complex treatments, such as the re 
 persistence, and control. this project will be a major step in that direction.  
11676 3  interactions into a mathematical model will allow us to predict how such parasite communities  
o predict how such parasite communities will respond to more complex treatments, such as the re 
 persistence, and control. this project will be a major step in that direction.  
12341 5 s. reduced quotas and size restrictions will be introduced in 2009, and there have been discuss 
lnerable to capture. this understanding should then be combined with assessments of the survivo 
thout any control on by-catch. the data could also be used in discussions we fishermen to provi 
 changes might need to be. the benefits will enable defra to assess how well national and inter 
 and policies pose. the new information will enable negotiations to be conducted with greater c 
12615 7 the case that the extent of remediation will vary from site to site. a further aim of the resea 
 it is likely that any such information would be stored in many different forms and therefore t 
ise being burdensome, a phased approach will be taken to the data collection exercise. firstly, 
ection exercise. firstly, a pilot study will be undertaken to establish the feasibility of coll 
ting sufficient and reliable data. this will then inform the nature and extent of the main surv 
ortion of the main survey. the research will gather data which has not been collated in this wa 
ot been collated in this way before and will present a picture of the effectiveness of key cont 
10992 6 n of fragmented vertebrate remains that could be applied to all future archaeological and palae 
ontological cave deposits. this project will focus on a single archaeologically-important site, 
avations at pin hole cave. the sampling will be carried out in such a way as to investigate inc 
ation that each section contains. these will be compared directly to the species information ob 
cing the need for full-scale excavation would minimise site destruction and allow for better pr 
 from 10,000 to ~1,000,000 years in age will be carried out to confirm the application of the p 
11214 4 ent in the water column. to do this, we will need to measure various indices of phytoplankton a 
. production rates estimated from space will then need to be validated with phytoplankton produ 
in-scale phytoplankton production, this will provide an estimate of the available food for cala 
e of the available food for calanus. we will use this information to assess whether the abundan 
11754 5  be able to determine how much resource will be available for fish stocks, we need to understan 
fficult and time consuming. however, we will measure the activity of enzymes related to growth  
ith enzyme activity assays on board. we will also examine these relationships using animals in  
 culture under different conditions. we will explore using the enzyme activity as a tool to mea 
the degree of dormancy of animals, this will be useful in more accurately describing and quanti 
419 2 ences on dependant human activities. it will then become possible to propose a strategy for mon 
ition, jointly with some economists, we will conduct a reflection on the patrimonial value of t 
7136 3 s of global change in the mediterranean should be supported to assess the risks to mediterranea 
t on the dependent human activities. it will then be possible to propose a mediterranean marine 
y. finally, together with economists we will lead a reflection on the heritage of the communiti 
12272 8 of arable crop production. this project will maintain consistency of surveillance of diseases a 
cabbage stem weevil. a final assessment will then take place on all crops at pod ripening to me 
s for the wheat survey, a questionnaire will be used to obtain specific details of agronomic pr 
mic practice. additional investigations will be carried out on wheat crops affected by fusarium 
ies present and the toxins they produce will assist in monitoring the annual severity of this d 
thought to be unconnected. this project will provide the only impartial and statistically robus 
research and policy needs, this project will continue existing collaborations with a wide range 
ilseed rape production. samples or data will also be provided to support monitoring for food sa 
7457 11 o does the realization that its effects will have impacts on natural environment and socio-econ 
equences for ways of life. the proposal will assess the impacts of a changing climate on the qu 
n mountain regions. modeling techniques will be used to project the influence of climatic chang 
d space scales. regional climate models will provide the essential information on shifting prec 
ns, and snow, ice, and biosphere models will feed into hydrological models in order to assess t 
nses to changes in hydrological regimes will be analyzed in terms of hazards, aquatic ecosystem 
ns of changing water quality. attention will also be devoted to the interactions between land u 
 demands. adaptation and policy options will be elaborated on the basis of the model results. s 
onmental conditions of mountain regions will be particularly affected by rapidly rising tempera 
s gained from a european mountain focus will be used to address water issues in regions whose e 
ains and their institutional frameworks will identify vulnerabilities and be used to evaluate a 
12295 16 is to provide information to defra that will allow defra to improve their responses on land use 
land use issues in england. the project will provide a readily available resource for decision  
ntial areas of collaboration or support will be identified and contact will be made with organi 
 support will be identified and contact will be made with organisations carrying out comparable 
 one map. 6. recommend future work that could aid in the development of a land use framework. s 
e framework. such suggested future work could include the creation of a synthesised land use ty 
assification scheme. the resulting maps would provide an understanding of the distribution and  
nt of existing sources of land use data will be undertaken, and the results of the assessment w 
aken, and the results of the assessment will be recorded in a metadata database. this project w 
ed in a metadata database. this project will focus on the geographic elements of land use data. 
iciently useful to decision makers this will also be recorded. additionally, perceived gaps in  
ved gaps in the domain of land use data will be noted. the first stages of the project are to d 
onal parks/nature designations analysis will be performed. this swot analysis will indicate the 
s will be performed. this swot analysis will indicate the appropriateness of defra taking each  
n a land use framework. recommendations will be made for additional work that would aid the dev 
s will be made for additional work that would aid the development of such a framework, includin 
14981 1 to problems affecting river ecosystems, will arrive with a better understanding on their struct 
14979 1 to problems affecting river ecosystems, will arrive with a better understanding on their struct 
14980 1 to problems affecting river ecosystems, will arrive with a better understanding on their struct 
14978 1 to problems affecting river ecosystems, will arrive with a better understanding on their struct 
7370 2 gement and conservation collections, we will develop an approach for evaluating the diversity o 
 agricultural landscape. this indicator will quantify the evolution of diversity and evaluate t 
7191 1 n national and international waters. we will apply these methods in three different systems, th 
12641 1 identify by whom the benefits and costs would be borne.  
14649 2 ioaccumulation/ bioavailability studies will improve the capability of predicting and diagnosin 
ed stress in freshwater ecosystems, and will improve its environmental management.  
12252 19 if everyone lived as we do in the uk we would need three planets, clearly something that is uns 
ve environmental management system that would be effective at achieving those desired environme 
nd targeted systems currently available will be undertaken to identify the main scientific evid 
dence base on which the comparison work will be based. the causal mechanisms by which different 
es can influence environmental outcomes will be identified taking both a top-down approach to d 
sing this knowledge the various systems will be reviewed and their likely effectiveness at infl 
s at influencing environmental outcomes will be assessed using a scoring and ranking approach t 
hes to be evaluated. whole farm systems will be compared to suites of targeted measures for a r 
 for a range of theoretical farms. this will provide a range of situations where different suit 
d the lessons learnt from this approach will enable the development of an innovative environmen 
d that whatever system is developed, it will not duplicate what is already in existence and wil 
licate what is already in existence and will integrate with existing systems. the project shoul 
rate with existing systems. the project should provide a valuable insight into the strengths an 
hes compared to targeted measures. this will help inform defra policy and public debate about s 
e environmental management system which will be proposed as part of this project will provide d 
ill be proposed as part of this project will provide defra with a suitably defined framework fo 
. an online prototype of this framework will be made available to farmers as part of the projec 
r those farmers who access the tool. it would aim to provide the industry with timely and relev 
fra and support to the farming industry will also help meet specific environmental objectives,  
12153 7 ng of outwintered animals. this project will bring together the current information available o 
 information available on hefting. this will include scientific literature, grey literature, pe 
e of the anecdotal evidence. the latter will be addressed by preparing a number of case studies 
 management practices. the case studies will include some basic costings which could subsequent 
 will include some basic costings which could subsequently be used as a bench mark for the prac 
 for the practise. the resulting report will identify regional variations and quantify any posi 
irective and agri-environmental schemes will have on  
12646 1 rs. to recommend further measures which will provide defra with a credible assessment of curren 
15465 8 nable from an ecological point of view, will have important implications for their successful m 
pecies. our main goal with this project will be 1 to implement the stable isotope approach to s 
ic ecology for that, our last objective will be to calculate these two parameters for blood and 
. the implementation of stable isotopes will open the possibility of raising the objectives out 
arallel development of information that will allow us a correct interpretation of the results o 
 and turnover rates of the tissues that will be analyzed is a prerequisite to carry out the stu 
mpled in scientific thooth collections, would enable the evaluation of ontogenic shifs in diet  
ecology of these species. these results will be of great importance for future studies that eva 
13778 8 and growth in the field, to the project will evaluate both direct and indirect effects of preda 
cies in coastal waters. the target area will be the gullmar fjord, west coast of sweden, but th 
on obtained is generally applicable. we will sample the fjord to cover seasonal dynamics, and j 
 cover seasonal dynamics, and jellyfish will be monitored along with environmental and biologic 
ion during blooms. in the laboratory we will combine traditional approaches with novel isotope  
on of the dominant gelatinous predators will be measured in relation to prey abundance and prey 
abundance and prey species. the project will contribute considerable to our understanding of pr 
us predators in general. most likely it will change our current view of the effect of gelatinou 
12371 2             . summary objectives the so will work with the programme manager, science director, 
rojects. as well, the programme manager will commission important areas of research; monitoring 
7426 1 o curb the growing epidemic of septoria will be quantified according to the dispersion of the p 
13941 4                                      we will study the coordinated expression of genes causing  
s limit gene flow between the races. we will identify these male pheromones, determine their ro 
enes potentially involved in speciation will be investigated in both male and female corn borer 
roarray techniques. finally, an attempt will be made to sequence, clone, and functionally expre 
6757 2 erties may reveal if regulatory mutants could serve as the means for specific prevention. namel 
ants and transcomplementant derivatives will be studied in in vitro and in vivo models includin 
10191 4     one fungus growing close to another will recognise the other s presence and will respond. u 
will recognise the other s presence and will respond. unless the mycelia belong to the same spe 
titrophic interaction, our observations will also aid the understanding of fungal community dev 
ome invertebrate forest pests. the work will be performed under the direction of prof. lynne bo 
12652 3 egic coordination, effort and resources would be more productively targeted. the project will c 
more productively targeted. the project will comprise a comprehensive assessment of governmenta 
riorities in allocating resources. this will enable better informed decisions by a new gb coord 
11040 3 eed in the long term these technologies will benefit almost anyone using complex hardware in re 
pport it, grow greater. in this work we will develop and integrate state of the art automated f 
limate change and its effects. our work will increase the reliability of this platform and thus 
10002 4  in the waters above. thus the deep sea could be readily impacted by processes that alter surfa 
reate maps of ecological function. this will show how factors such as hills, food supply, or co 
ion and sediment mixing. that knowledge will provide important insight into how spatially perva 
and carbon budget modelling. our effort will also have impacts on future national survey capabi 
13501 1 e stronger at high light intensities. i will perform a field survey of 30 streams that differ i 
12608 2 sidering future measures / targets that will be required in order to reduce reliance on peat. t 
try by-products, coconut-fibre dust and will involve interviews with the main growing media man 
14507 3 typic quality of females and that males should invest differentially in reproduction in relatio 
h eggs. by testing these hypotheses, we will be able to know the importance of egg coloration i 
in post-mating sexual selection, and we will also explore sexual selection processes in females 
2121 6 r to understand how natural populations will respond to such changes, it is crucial to first un 
life-history theory as to which species should be expected to be most vulnerable to environment 
hich demographic traits those responses will be observed. these hypotheses will be tested in bi 
nses will be observed. these hypotheses will be tested in birds using two approaches, analysis  
lation experiments. both analysis paths will utilise exhaustive data bases that have been assem 
ylogenetic-comparative framework, which will enable us to separate effects of climate, geograph 
10285 5  climate policy over the next few years will be the choice of appropriate targets for emission  
climate mitigation policy. the research will contribute useful information towards future asses 
overnmental panel on climate change. it will be accompanied by a 2-way interaction with defra t 
puts. members of the ukcip08 user group will also be consulted. information will be disseminate 
oup will also be consulted. information will be disseminated also via journal papers, unfccc si 
11743 1 ween the aphid species. this prediction will be tested.  
15153 2 pted to more mesic climate in the past, would be preserved through facilitation, a process givi 
gion under harsh abiotic conditions. we will investigate communities under different constraini 
400 4 que in many cases. the baltgene project will identify and map baltic sea genetic biodiversity a 
e resilience of the ecosystem. baltgene will also assess the potential threats to the unique di 
ssues are how, and if, baltic organisms will respond to scenarios of decreased salinity and cha 
 and changed oceanic currents. baltgene will also assess how current governance structure, poli 
15214 3 versity of murcia. in a second phase we shall develop that dna taxonomy of selected taxa, by co 
f more molecular markers. this approach will allow testing the power of this new conceptual and 
ubjective decisions. simultaneously, we shall reconstruct the evolutionary history of the selec 
14482 1  . the obtained phylogenetic hypotheses will be compared with the results derived from the anal 
12595 10                   this research project will provide a clearer understanding of the potential u 
t the consequences reaching this target will have for lowland raised bog biodiversity. the proj 
nd raised bog biodiversity. the project will also consider what other consequences might arise  
effect that peat extraction has had and will have in the future on bog-based biodiversity. it w 
he future on bog-based biodiversity. it will be quantified by reference to site areas, peat vol 
t played by working and after-use plans will be explored, alongside the long-term effects of th 
egal controls through site designations will be compared and appraised by reference to a number 
expense to the uk taxpayer. the project will document the gains for biodiversity arising from t 
versity arising from these examples. it will also look at initiatives around the country adopti 
 such as the manchester mosslands. this will provide a framework within which to evaluate the c 
10461 3 n the proposed workshop, the organisers will present the essentials of bayesian methods for suc 
f bayesian methods for such data. there will be several practical sessions, where the workshop  
ssions, where the workshop participants will gain hands-on experience of using the new techniqu 
10281 2 h change on the two contrasting beaches will ensure significant advances are made in our abilit 
each erosion and accretion. the results will be published in academic journals and presented to 
6753 1  when eu member is beef cattle breeding will get into better position among the different branc 
15563 5 ical and scientific stakeholders, which will produce, inter alia, a comprehensive policy paper  
during the whole research process. this will be done, e.g., through annual conferences, stakeho 
s of two rounds of interrogation, which will be conducted with diverse stakeholders and experts 
of the project. all in all, the project will drive scientific advances in the following researc 
 beech forests can provide. the results will be used to create a new and comprehensive understa 
12234 1                      the proposed study will help inform future defra knowledge transfer identi 
13482 3 avioral response of small . the problem will be attacked in models and experiments. we will qua 
 attacked in models and experiments. we will quantify behavior and behavioral plasticity in res 
ocess-models and dynamic programming we will explore optimal behavioral strategies, including f 
10599 4 gs surface of which only a small number will be used in recognition. for example, in visual com 
ggs in their colony. this type of study will lead to a better understanding of how cheats such  
host and how these hosts fight back. it will also help use to start to understand the oldest fo 
e, that of chemical communication. this will ultimately help us control, conserve and utilise t 
9972 4 gs surface of which only a small number will be used in recognition. for example, in visual com 
ggs in their colony. this type of study will lead to a better understanding of how cheats such  
host and how these hosts fight back. it will also help use to start to understand the oldest fo 
e, that of chemical communication. this will ultimately help us control, conserve and utilise t 
2053 3 es and their social and extrapair mates will be examine d for mhc genes that play an important  
 defense against pathogens. experiments will be performed to reveal whether there is a behavior 
ompatible extrapair sires . the project will also manipulate male advertisement behaviour to as 
14152 1 xperimental and correlative methods, we will test the following hypotheses: repeated stress inf 
13503 2 ent, and physiological stress response, will be studied. the perch has lately received an incre 
n performance in culture. this question will be studied in natural ponds and in aquarium experi 
11602 3 hern ocean, the king penguin. the study will bring together the expertise of the pis and drs ha 
 the cnrs strasbourg. the data obtained will enable us, for the first time, to quantify the ene 
ources in the southern ocean. the study will also supply valuable information on many physiolog 
14717 6 ts affects such relationships. here, we will use this integrative approach to investigate the r 
f adaptive diversification in birds. we will use a three-levels approach. first, we will use a  
 use a three-levels approach. first, we will use a global phylogenetic comparative analysis to  
en hypothetised to reduce this risk, we will also test whether or not flexible clades are less  
cesses can be detected more clearly, we will run more detailed comparative analyses using one o 
egration of these three levels of study will serve to validate the clasical, largely untested h 
14974 3 nditions of foraging stress. second, we will use a comparative approach to explore how behaviou 
ges in the environment, which hopefully will increase our power to predict how species will be  
crease our power to predict how species will be affected by current global environmental change 
14329 1 from abroad, specialised in that topic, will be invited to give a key note speech the format of 
12718 1                            this project will estimate the benefits to society of sites of speci 
11319 2 on the swir in which no bottom trawling will take place: three of these are within the proposed 
ailable through industry collaboration, will allow us to assess the effects of trawling on slow 
11320 2 on the swir in which no bottom trawling will take place: three of these are within the proposed 
ailable through industry collaboration, will allow us to assess the effects of trawling on slow 
11585 2 on the swir in which no bottom trawling will take place: three of these are within the proposed 
ailable through industry collaboration, will allow us to assess the effects of trawling on slow 
10200 2 odp sites in the northern norwegian sea will be used as biostratigraphic and palaeoceanographic 
xygen content of deep water. this study will serve as a baseline for understanding the diversit 
2476 7  biodiversity in the barents sea. these will be complimented by research on baseline variations 
icator organisms. a secondary objective will be to examine linkages between environmental expos 
ted indicators. biodiversity indicators will be developed by applying a number of classical int 
leum industry activities. these results will serve as a knowledge basis for evaluating how ecol 
rams to the barents sea. these findings will then be assessed within the context of a changing  
the region for the coming decades. this will provide information to evaluate how future changes 
nt day barents sea. in this way, ecobar will achieve a set of benthic indicators with maximum f 
10744 3 antitative study of benthic communities will be combined with comprehensive geochemical analyse 
ter om burial efficiencies. the results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on se 
ogeochemistry and om distributions, and will yield improved diagenetic process models.  
11255 3 antitative study of benthic communities will be combined with comprehensive geochemical analyse 
ter om burial efficiencies. the results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on se 
ogeochemistry and om distributions, and will yield improved diagenetic process models.  
11259 3 antitative study of benthic communities will be combined with comprehensive geochemical analyse 
ter om burial efficiencies. the results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on se 
ogeochemistry and om distributions, and will yield improved diagenetic process models.  
11356 3 antitative study of benthic communities will be combined with comprehensive geochemical analyse 
ter om burial efficiencies. the results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on se 
ogeochemistry and om distributions, and will yield improved diagenetic process models.  
10450 1 recently been in contact with sediments will provide a time-frame for the dispersion of water a 
12606 3 mic impacts of each practice identified will also be considered and highlighted. additionally,  
 achievable with each management option will be quantified and contextualised in relation to be 
 identifying best practice, the project will explore how this can be translated into advice for 
10988 3  open access web portal. the web portal will also provide access to a bibliography focused on i 
from the ea. outputs from the workshops will be a tailored briefing document for the ea and tha 
imate measure of success of the network will be achieving improved implementation of the thames 
11595 7 arasite infectivity and host resistance should evolve more quickly than others. this theory not 
ers. this theory noticed that evolution would be rapid where there was mutual antagonism . host 
nes evolve rapidly. in this project, we will test the theory that host shifts drive fast parasi 
rasite evolution. in the laboratory, we will produce host shift events for a bacterium, moving  
 native host into a new foreign one. we will leave this bacterium in its new host species for a 
ies for a year, and then recover it. we will investigate whether the host shift has resulted in 
 ability to prosper in its new host. we will also examine the diversity of the bacterium across 
14997 7                                      we will perform a molecular genetic analysis of phlebotomu 
dri species from southesthern spain. we will also finish the study of p. perniciosus. the two g 
tained in p. pernicious and p. sergenti will be cultivated in laboratory and we will try the cr 
will be cultivated in laboratory and we will try the crossing between them, to observe if they  
e same or different species. besides we will do test about infestability by l. tropica in the t 
 of p. sergenti that exist in spain. we will perform a study of corology of phlebotomine sandfl 
rodents to see p. langeroni. finally we will study the vectorial role of the differents species 
14996 2  in altitude, reason why the sand flies could be seen affected by this phenomenon. for that rea 
, together with the environmental data, will be able to serve in future studies in which it is  
2472 3 ion at the farm and landscape level. we will assess the multiple functions and services that sp 
armers choice of sp species. second, we will link these services to sp species functional attri 
 that take into account uncertainty, we will analyze the consequences of the farmers preference 
7249 2 ly used to define the ecological status will meet very little chemical contamination by organic 
ntaminated environments. selected micro will trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 
15342 1 on of bioacustical variations. this aim will allow to develop some applications, specially a so 
14200 3  the effect of natural water parameters will be used to evaluate the effect of dissolved organi 
ity of contaminants. this investigation will be performed using standard daphnia test medium an 
quatic ecosystems. the obtained results will provide the data for more accurate prediction of t 
15347 2 e ones involved in biodeterioration. we will try to associate the metabolic profiles obtained w 
mural paintings. cultivation techniques will be also used to isolate and characterise the main  
12044 1 tems at the plot and regional level. we will also aim to validate, test and predict the consequ 
12015 1 taining to biodiversity management that should be taken into account when applying these instru 
13335 8 der, more balanced network, biodiversa2 will promote a strategy for biodiversity research, in p 
ip with other players in the field, and will organize joint funding to better integrate biodive 
rch the project has 6 workpackages. wp1 will promote networking and sharing of best practice, e 
ion of a framework for joint calls. wp2 will analyse the landscape and cooperate with stakehold 
programmes. using outputs of wp1&2, wp3 will produce a roadmap for joint funding and implement  
 the project timespan. these activities will ultimately create the conditions for the network t 
r european biodiversity research, which will be fostered by wp4. wp5 will develop and implement 
rch, which will be fostered by wp4. wp5 will develop and implement a communication strategy and 
13312 3 he eu biodiversity strategy, biodiversa will allow the funding agencies to collate existing act 
és for future collaboration. biodiversa will also contribute to better coherence and inceased s 
g. in order to achieve this, biodiversa will proceed through seven stages: -inventory, descript 
2492 3 pothesis, which states that populations will respond to changes in habitat availability by alte 
abitat tracking in european mammals. we will combine recently developed ancient dna approaches  
ime through the last 40,000 years. this will allow us to establish the tempo and mode of popula 
2493 2 ues. in the first four work packages we will test the following nested set of hypotheses: 1. th 
fects. within the last work package, we will systematically explore the conservation corollarie 
12676 4 saged that the common call for research would address major shared research priorities, includi 
s likely that national research funders would be responsible for funding their own national ins 
new proposals for era-nets plus, the ec would provide funds from fp7 to supplement ms funding.  
tal budgets have not been finalised but could be in the range of 5-15m euro pa. the topics bein 
7104 1 to seminars and publications standards, will be directed to a communication from agricultural p 
516 1 easures for exclusion of anthropization should be reconsidered in ordinary areas, as soon as th 
10877 2 iver phillips, simon lewis this project will be a case project in collaboration with staff at t 
 with international ngos, collaboration will help the student to ensure their work is complemen 
11619 1 e most animals and plants. our research should also tell us whether some of them are more impor 
11234 2 rom concept to beyond project end. best will also share knowledge and build capacity across the 
 aims not only to deliver findings that will help evaluate policy scenarios, giving credible an 
10724 1 se and abundant. these results combined will help scientists and environmental agencies to asse 
451 3  liaison with local partners. the study will be conducted from 4 different yet complementary an 
level, scientists and local technicians will get the possibility to participate in integrated w 
pate in integrated workshops where they will get training in reef cartography, visual counting  
11774 1 , as revealed by the a tied phd student will focus specifically on the potential impacts of cli 
10746 4 p have not been addressed. this project will examine the role of heterogeneity and biodiversity 
 estuarine system. mesocosm experiments will be used to determine: the relationship between bio 
n level within a patch. the experiments will be used to parameterise a spatial patch-based mode 
al patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocosm experiments incorporati 
11442 4 p have not been addressed. this project will examine the role of heterogeneity and biodiversity 
 estuarine system. mesocosm experiments will be used to determine: the relationship between bio 
n level within a patch. the experiments will be used to parameterise a spatial patch-based mode 
al patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocosm experiments incorporati 
11508 4 p have not been addressed. this project will examine the role of heterogeneity and biodiversity 
 estuarine system. mesocosm experiments will be used to determine: the relationship between bio 
n level within a patch. the experiments will be used to parameterise a spatial patch-based mode 
al patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocosm experiments incorporati 
532 3 ultural activity. to reach this goal we will pursue two complementary sub-objectives : 1- at a  
 to discussion. 2 - at farming level we will assess the economical, agricultural and social con 
ectives for biodiversity management. we will also study the influence that social portrayals of 
7216 4 t estuary in the three types of systems will be implemented. the combination of field data, ana 
dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will help to clarify the operation of regional populati 
museum of natural history of paris, and will bring together french teams already launched on th 
 subject. the final restitution seminar will take place in madagascar  
14418 1 ution and prevalence of entomopathogens will be conducted using light microscopy, electron micr 
14846 4 the previously funded project viarc and will focus on the biodiversity and functional role of c 
mistry and traditional microbiology. we will use isotopic labeling of single cells and stable i 
e isotopic probing on nucleic acids. we will also combine this methodologies with metagenomic t 
istribution. it is foreseen that crenyc will result in a substantially increased understanding  
14845 4  previously funded project viarc and it will focus on the biodiversity and functional role of c 
mistry and traditional microbiology. we will use isotopic labeling of single cells and stable i 
e isotopic probing on nucleic acids. we will also combine this methodologies with metagenomic t 
istribution. it is foreseen that crenyc will result in a substantially increased understanding  
14804 1 ed along this project. in general, they will cover methods for the extraction and amplification 
11514 5 osystems is high. the proposed research will examine the effects of biodiversity loss in the ma 
y an observational correlative approach will be taken in sw england and w scotland to determine 
ronments. then manipulative experiments will simulate biodiversity loss in two trophic levels,  
nces of such loss to ecosystem function will be measured over a 2 year period. finally modellin 
over a 2 year period. finally modelling will integrate the correlative and manipulative approac 
9925 5 osystems is high. the proposed research will examine the effects of biodiversity loss in the ma 
y an observational correlative approach will be taken in sw england and w scotland to determine 
ronments. then manipulative experiments will simulate biodiversity loss in two trophic levels,  
nces of such loss to ecosystem function will be measured over a 2 year period. finally modellin 
over a 2 year period. finally modelling will integrate the correlative and manipulative approac 
1977 3  coral reefs and potential food sources will show, whether this mystery can be explained by a s 
seeps e.g. via methane. benthic landers will be put in for in situ studies of coral growth and  
 biodiversity and ecosystem functioning will be investigated for dwcrs and compared between dwc 
6891 2  2005. the major outcome of the project will be an on-line expert sytem on landscape ecology an 
sustainable land-use. the expert sytems will integrate hundreds of high-resolution maps, dynami 
396 3 n our previous and ongoing projects, we will examine this problem based on recent developments  
metacommunity and landscape ecology. we will examine plants, soil animals, predatory insects, p 
stablished in our previous projects. we will also arrange a workshop with swedish stakeholders  
11310 1 ing over 100 protein gene sequences, we will also construct a better evolutionary tree independ 
15337 7 ant transformations. the animal samples will be provided in the frame of already ongoing collab 
g this information as starting point we will perform phylogenetic, biogeographical and evolutio 
ss the virus potential for host switch, will aim to quantifiy within host viral diversity and w 
antifiy within host viral diversity and will generate global hypotheses on the distribution and 
ty of the pvs to be empirically studied will surely provide us not only with a broader knowledg 
knowledge of papillomaviridae, but also will strengthen our armoury against the diseases they c 
ey cause. the information thus acquired will have clinical, economic and ecological importance. 
7021 7 ent taxa of cheilostomate bryozoa. this will result in a detailed understanding of the distribu 
rather limited supplementary field work will be necessary. biostratigraphical data for these fa 
iostratigraphical data for these faunas will contribute to establish a definite basis for compa 
 documentation of distribution patterns will be used to test the hypothesis worked out on the b 
 iran are to be expected. these studies should also explain the evident faunal differences betw 
dies and paleontological investigations will thus result in an essential contribution to our kn 
ils for ecological studies our research will also contribute to a detailed knowledge of the dev 
14795 1 ch bacteria sequentially reduce nitrate will be used to analyse the proportion of the nitrogen  
11750 1 lassification evolutionarily sounder we shall also sequence and phylogenetically analyse two or 
13729 1 ales at which biodiversity conservation should be implemented and the scales of planning and ma 
13947 1  extinction in the near future. here we will investigate the robustness of fragmented ecologica 
14186 7 ations during the back-slopping process will lead to better-controlled processes and standardiz 
ies. the dominant lab and yeast strains will be identified, their technological and metabolic p 
 technological and metabolic properties will be described and their role in formation of sensor 
nsory properties of rye sourdough bread will be determined. based on the properties obtained th 
y of theses strains in sourdough system will be performed and the optimal defined composition f 
trial starter cultures for each factory will be suggested and tested. genome analyses of the se 
me analyses of the selected lab strains will be performed to propose mechanisms of bacteria ada 
520 4 e structures. in this first approach we will try to analyze the links between agricultural prac 
this territory. in a second approach we will study the innovative initiative taken by the aoc v 
n this territory. in the end, this work could constitute the basis of an observatory that will  
titute the basis of an observatory that will enable the follow-up of the project and the evalua 
7108 2  the territory. . in the end, this work will form the basis of an observatory that will monitor 
l form the basis of an observatory that will monitor the project and evaluation of actions impl 
521 2 ing five levels of diversity. this tool will also be mobilized to define how farmers perceive t 
ces. the achievement of this diagnostic will permit us to answer the following questionings: wh 
7674 5 er long time scale . in this project we will simulate elephant abundance scenarios and their ef 
ctions and current management practices will be simulated over a 50-year timeframe. simultaneou 
. simultaneously, ageing of groundwater will be conducted to assess whether recharge from rainf 
able over the long run. initial results will be presented in a workshop for stakeholders, who w 
ted in a workshop for stakeholders, who will then be engaged in a companion modelling exercise  
14114 2 of present-day ecosystems. this project will elucidate how biodiversity is affected by environm 
of the ostracod faunas to these changes will be thoroughly tested by comprehensive documentatio 
437 1 l and anthropological information which will allow us to go deeper in the processes.  
7158 3 e spatial scales. from predictions that will be tested, these include assessing whether, as one 
and extinction rates and local turnover will be greater for communities located in more landsca 
les, less fragmented areas. the project should help to answer fundamental and applied issues im 
13942 1 elements, while producing fish food. we will test four main hypotheses: 1. the rate of minerali 
2051 2                             the project will investigate biodiversity in a natural ecosystem, b 
 . through this cooperation the project will be able to develop a full statistical model for bi 
463 2 and assure its consistency. the project will attempt to establish an inventory of pelagic biodi 
elements, which for the first time ever will be united and used for this purpose: .  
7422 1 oductivity and grain quality. this work will lay a solid foundation for the operation of these  
14821 2 onservation of its aquatic systems, and will propose friendly methods for the control of enviro 
l quality of transitional waters, which could be applied to other areas.  
456 5 ial post-larva in three types of system will be set up. the combination of field data, analysis 
s and the large-scale satellite sensing will make it possible to clarify the regional functioni 
 functional point of view. this project will be the occasion to co-frame a thesis between the f 
museum of natural history in paris, and will link teams that are already involved in this topic 
topic. the seminar of final restitution will take place in madagascar.  
7467 8 ch an integrated and accessible dataset could be used not only to help to protect and take bett 
ion. biofresh, a major new fp7 project, will design and provide a single point of access to the 
tion portal for freshwater biodiversity will allow scientists and planners to complement, integ 
ver, evaluate and examine patterns that will shed new light on how freshwater biodiversity resp 
 pressures. the spatially-explicit data will help to reveal the status and trends of freshwater 
. scientists in the biofresh consortium will take advantage of the information in the databases 
pact freshwater biodiversity. this work will help to shed light on how future climate and socio 
ure climate and socioeconomic pressures will give rise to global, continental and local respons 
2137 3 e prediction that future warming trends will be amplified at high northern latitudes. there is  
oughout the norwegian coastal shelf. we will tackle this objective using historical and recent  
datasets at various spatial scales, and will develop theoretical framework of the impacts of th 
474 4 over. they may build complex , biomarks will provide baseline data and new methods for future s 
nd economic cost. the biomarks database will become the largest world community resource on mar 
u experts in protist taxonomy, biomarks will valorize an invaluable traditional eu knowledge-ba 
nal eu knowledge-base. finally biomarks will actively promote the diffusion of its data and new 
7030 6 d problems in biodiversity. its results should allow an estimation of the biogeography of a spe 
ca morphotypes. furthermore, my results will allow a delimitation of species, an estimation of  
onally, the descriptions of the species will be extraordinary in the respect that they will be  
 extraordinary in the respect that they will be based on several populations studied in vivo, a 
th pending french and american projects will provide a unique opportunity for a synergistic stu 
as a hot-spot for ciliate taxonomy, but will also enable training of students in the basics of  
14419 7 es of insects. these plants and insects could be habitats for many undiscovered yeasts. the bio 
garian ecosystems. the research project will be accomplished in three stages. first stage will  
complished in three stages. first stage will include collection of insects and plants samples f 
nts samples. during the second stage we will identify yeast isolates using modern taxonomic too 
lish their phylogenetic relatedness. we will analyze morphologic, metabolic and genomic propert 
s of yeasts. third stage of our project will include exploration of biotechnological potentials 
st isolates. the results of our project will be publicly available on the internet.  
7008 4  crops are contaminated with mycotoxins will provide information to distinguish different speci 
l morphological and physiological tests will be used only for new species delimitations. additi 
ly a partial sequencing of the 18s rdna will be used for euascomycetous yeasts. in some cases t 
es of the insects. finally the isolates will be tested for their potential to transform or degr 
7286 1 unity with a rich assemblage of insects would reduce this risk by being a source of pollinators 
7153 1 ynthetic reflection of the group, which will result in an attempt to model the effects of human 
7211 1  fish, and taxonomy of different groups will be offered to local technicians and scientists in  
14716 1 ogical study of some of these organisms could lead to the development of new technologies. the  
2499 4 ultispecies context. this investigation will focus on strategies for optimal and simultaneous d 
egation the resulting feedback policies should be validated by more detailed biological ecosyst 
eed multidisciplinary collaboration and will provide opportunities for novel research of cuttin 
cessful outcome of the proposed project will develop basic as well as applied scientific result 
10969 4 ing of bioflim formation and disruption will have enormous implications in environmental and me 
rococcus biofllm grown on a glass slide could be completely disrupted by addition of cell-free  
nly observed when bacteria were viable, could therefore be an active physiologically mediated p 
 of competition amongst marine bacteria will also be investigated.  
13336 9 ch an integrated and accessible dataset could be used not only to help to protect and take bett 
ion. biofresh, a major new fp7 project, will design and provide a single point of access to the 
tion portal for freshwater biodiversity will allow scientists and planners to complement, integ 
ver, evaluate and examine patterns that will shed new light on how freshwater biodiversity resp 
 pressures. the spatially-explicit data will help to reveal the status and trends of freshwater 
. scientists in the biofresh consortium will take advantage of the information in the databases 
pact freshwater biodiversity. this work will help to shed light on how future climate and socio 
ure climate and socioeconomic pressures will give rise to global, continental and local respons 
he products and findings of the project will be used on the one hand to make people more aware  
2511 3 ions associated with the biogenesis. we will characterize the cytb6f/pchl//chl and lil3/chl com 
d lil3/chl complexes detected by us. we will resolve the type of electron transfer chains that  
ional skills, four cooperation partners will join in characterizing the biogenesis of photoautr 
13485 1 istical evaluation of the results. this will answer questions regarding which lakes are in the  
15346 1  to the present and the future. glovocs will also work on the interface between academic and ap 
11672 1 e isotope tracers of n. in addition, we will apply the techniques of molecular microbiology of  
11794 1 e isotope tracers of n. in addition, we will apply the techniques of molecular microbiology of  
10920 2  predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different pieces of work together. our 
erent pieces of work together. our work will provide improved understanding of the controls on  
11710 2  predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different pieces of work together. our 
erent pieces of work together. our work will provide improved understanding of the controls on  
11811 2  predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different pieces of work together. our 
erent pieces of work together. our work will provide improved understanding of the controls on  
11812 2  predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different pieces of work together. our 
erent pieces of work together. our work will provide improved understanding of the controls on  
9904 2  predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different pieces of work together. our 
erent pieces of work together. our work will provide improved understanding of the controls on  
9954 2  predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different pieces of work together. our 
erent pieces of work together. our work will provide improved understanding of the controls on  
10398 6 ochemical analyses on the samples. this will provide both fundamental data on the microbiota of 
d environment and geochemical data that will provide clues to the source of the hot water and h 
s for geothermal energy recovery, which could be contribute to the uk s renewable energy portfo 
nalysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes will be used to identify the source of the deep groundw 
the deep groundwater, chemical analysis will define the geochemical environment and process mea 
 the bacterial and archaeal communities will provide information on what supports the deep bios 
11449 1 oorings in marguerite bay. the moorings will be instrumented with sediment traps, current meter 
15206 9 the strains obtained in the first stage will be investigated by multilocus sequence analysis an 
ent. the strains recovered from galicia will be compared with a panel of isolates from differen 
ucture at a local level. the last stage will be focused in elucidating the real infectious pote 
 from the different phylogenetic groups will be analyzed for determining the presence of pathog 
ics of v. parahaemolyticus. the strains will be further subjected to virulence assays in vivo a 
ics. the results of the present project will provide novel information about the importance of  
their presence. furthermore, these data will also be critical in determining the population str 
 as pathogens in the marine environment could be assessed, allowing for an evaluation of the cu 
the information garnered from the study will provide an indispensable advance in the understand 
14853 2 on with other environmental species. we could only distinguish strains by genomic fingerprintin 
ible dispersion and survival mechanisms will be studied in both aerobic seawater environments a 
11782 6  is known about its ecology. this study will lead to a better understanding of s. cerevisiae in 
, small amounts of soil, bark or grapes will be taken back to the lab and analysed for the pres 
fferent habitats or regions. this study will use what is probably the most rapidly evolving typ 
 among even very similar yeasts, and so will minimise the amount of dna sequence necessary to s 
eproductive isolation between species i will also use the data from the investigation into yeas 
couple of simple laboratory experiments should reveal the causes and consequences of rapid cent 
182 2 factors affecting their fruit body type will be studied. we study population genetics and the m 
f genets of tomentella sp. in transects will be studied and we elaborate microsatellite markers 
10249 4 comes from studying these systems, this will advance our understanding of patterns of biodivers 
 vent on this ultraslow-spreading ridge will determine whether its fauna differ from other ridg 
e samples and data collected by the rov will therefore test the hypothesis that there is a new  
in the southern hemisphere. the project will also collect samples of novel organisms for the ma 
14706 4 the area of study. finally, the results will be used to test the current taxonomy of the groups 
y of the groups concerned. this project will provide an essential framework for the numerous sc 
us scientists working on this fauna and will be invaluable for improvements in reptile and amph 
r assessing conservation priorities. it will also make an excellent historical, systematic and  
14505 3 ontinental populations. furthermore, we will compare widespread species with endemisms in order 
ly more slowly than vascular plants, we will apply a molecular clock in order to estimate the t 
ailable in genbank, additional dna data will be obtained in our lab.  
14601 4 ontinental populations. furthermore, we will compare widespread species with endemisms in order 
ly more slowly than vascular plants, we will apply a molecular clock in order to estimate the t 
ailable in genbank, additional dna data will be obtained in our lab. the molecular data obtaine 
in our lab. the molecular data obtained will allow to test the hypothesis of long distance disp 
14937 6 ation. evolution of parasite resistance could drive hosts population differentiation if the dis 
 trade and climate change. this project will study the biogeography of host-parasite interactio 
te interactions using the blackcap . we will test predictions derived from each scenario. then, 
ns derived from each scenario. then, we will examine to what extent parasite distribution drive 
on, characterising the mhc in blackcaps will mean a major technical addition to the study of th 
l in ecology and evolution. the project will also allow training phd students and reinforce our 
11728 3 ronmental/climate change. this research will develop analytical protocols for the application o 
a and environmental samples. the method will be used to construct an extensive database of the  
fic bacteria or bacterial groups, which will form the theoretical basis for future development  
1101 3  of several professor of bioinformatics will also allow us to develop a multimedia package in s 
e participating groups. the integration will be implemented with other world databases and with 
th respect to implementation, the focus will be on the use of agent technologies; - development 
15074 3 tiple deliveries at present is high and will continue elevated. the present project is intended 
ancies, weeks and nationality. this aim will be accomplished regarding the maternal age distrib 
vince and per autonomous community that could require special neonatal care.  
15120 6 op predators explains these changes and could imply a modification of the predation pressure on 
ts. in order to reach this objective we will study two shallow lentic ecosystems: temporary pon 
ild predation in the microbial loop. we will develop field experiments, using mesocosms with or 
h or low predation density, in which we will compare the community structure. in all the studie 
munity structure. in all the studies we will perform, the community structure will be analysed  
e will perform, the community structure will be analysed by means of two approaches, taxonomic  
11185 4                            this project would enable the participation of stephen archer in an  
d experiment in the southern ocean that will focus on the controls on and rates of air-sea gas  
d rates of air-sea gas exchange. archer will be responsible for the measurement of the producti 
ulphoniopropionate analysis system that will substantially increase productivity and to cover v 
10129 5                            this project will advance our ability to quantify the influence of c 
anisms use it in their metabolism. this will give us valuable information to inform our analysi 
 field measurements. in our analysis we will statistically examine what microbes/root functions 
f our statistical analysis. combined we will develop a new understanding of the response by soi 
 respiration to climatic warming and we will test how important biological diversity is for con 
10417 5                            this project will advance our ability to quantify the influence of c 
anisms use it in their metabolism. this will give us valuable information to inform our analysi 
 field measurements. in our analysis we will statistically examine what microbes/root functions 
f our statistical analysis. combined we will develop a new understanding of the response by soi 
 respiration to climatic warming and we will test how important biological diversity is for con 
11411 5                            this project will advance our ability to quantify the influence of c 
anisms use it in their metabolism. this will give us valuable information to inform our analysi 
 field measurements. in our analysis we will statistically examine what microbes/root functions 
f our statistical analysis. combined we will develop a new understanding of the response by soi 
 respiration to climatic warming and we will test how important biological diversity is for con 
9891 5                            this project will advance our ability to quantify the influence of c 
anisms use it in their metabolism. this will give us valuable information to inform our analysi 
 field measurements. in our analysis we will statistically examine what microbes/root functions 
f our statistical analysis. combined we will develop a new understanding of the response by soi 
 respiration to climatic warming and we will test how important biological diversity is for con 
14420 4  biological and hydrological researches will be combined with gis-based and remote methods for  
ocessing and interpretation of the data will be made by means of multimetric mathematical analy 
nd the environmental status in wetlands will be obtained. clarification of the main mechanisms  
n expected result. the results obtained will be useful for development of the multidisciplinary 
14533 1 ional context, is the only element that will enable us to solve the controversy on neolithic-pa 
12681 4                            this project will develop a cost effective process for collating and 
n of semi-natural habitats. the project will report focus on species and habitats most vulnerab 
s most vulnerable to climate change. it will identify, develop and update indicators of climate 
 of climate change induced trends which will be available on the website.  
2550 6 acidic hot spring in kamchatka, russia, will be used as a model for further molecular and physi 
opper, on the expression of pmo operons will be assessed as well as the mechanisms for operon r 
/or carbon assimilation. the organelles will be purified from kam1 and their functional role wi 
ied from kam1 and their functional role will be assessed. the diversity and activity of methano 
pulations from other geothermal regions will also be explored, in part, through international c 
ollaboration. results from this project will provide novel insights into the evolution and dive 
14702 1 hroughout the fluvial system . sampling will be developed in different hydrologic events charac 
14558 5 tion.. analysis of abundance estimation will contribute to characterise the actual state of pyr 
s. analyses of use of habitat and space will allow, respectively, to clarify and establish prec 
dual space use. parasitological studies will lead, without sacrificing any animal, to know the  
g all the results obtained, the project will give empirical information that will be useful for 
ct will give empirical information that will be useful for the design and implement management  
14421 3 s and ecosystems. the following methods will be used: field observation, karyological, molecula 
nd of the project the following results will be achieved: 1. gis-distribution maps of the invas 
in the bulgarian flora. project results will help strengthen the national capacity to address v 
14965 3 nsider the existence of gene flow, that could affect the female and/or male lineages. the possi 
and analyzing dna from skeletal remains will contribute unvaluable data to validate the differe 
 the mtdna and y-chomosome variability, will allows to asses the possible gene flow between mus 
15281 1 s and innovative cultivation strategies will become familiar with the biology and ecology of th 
14951 1 the argentine ant. for this species, we would complete the study of the local distribution of b 
13732 1 ish. in addition, these transgenic fish will be used both to increase our understanding of how  
15026 11  the most of them. firstly, the project will focus on the study of the vegetative and reproduct 
e study of the fenology and the habitat will complement it. these experiments will allow us to  
t will complement it. these experiments will allow us to establish a first level of differentia 
all the iberian species. afterwards, we will carry out the spore culture in laboratory conditio 
ditions for all the species. this assay will let to establish the life history and the optima c 
in the iberian peninsula. afterwards we will be able to compare them with the rest of the seque 
 database. during these experiments, we will find out too the dna barcode sequence for each spe 
performance of the experiments proposed will allow us to establish the basic knowledge to descr 
habiting in other areas. in addition we will delimitate the differences and similitude between  
lantic and mediterranean species and we will be able to describe possible cryptic species. fina 
be possible cryptic species. finally we will set up the optima conditions for the development a 
14494 9 cies develops adaptative features which could allow us to understand the soil fauna biology in  
seems to approach a climate change that could involve an increase of the surface of arid and po 
 poor nutrient soils where this species could stands for the main zoomass. a. caliginosa and a. 
nes. a depth knowledge of their biology will provide us information about their function in ibe 
 the biological properties the interest will be in the study of the relationships between earth 
ola. the earthworm activity at el molar will be studied making a monthly sampling and quantifyi 
eld, the third year the work at farming will be initiated as well the influence on c and n cycl 
ce of spermatic competence in h. elisae will be studied as the reproductive cycle of a. caligin 
ear. the alimentation of the earthworms will be studied also. in h. elisae the we try to invest 
15564 4 over. they may build complex , biomarks will provide baseline data and new methods for future s 
nd economic cost. the biomarks database will become the largest world community resource on mar 
u experts in protist taxonomy, biomarks will valorize an invaluable traditional eu knowledge-ba 
nal eu knowledge-base. finally biomarks will actively promote the diffusion of its data and new 
11506 3  - or 10% of the total world energy mix will help design appropriate research, communication an 
ovative business and value chain models will be analysed to test the impact of different option 
increasing biomass use. policy analyses will be formulated so that research findings can be tar 
11601 5 ions of the earth s surface and oceans, will affect the earth system and the feedbacks in this  
r data source. the biomass p-band radar will provide a unique, major contribution to meeting th 
r contribution to meeting this need. it will significantly improve our ability to quantify the  
cycle and its links to the water cycle, will provide information of major importance for societ 
tance for societies and ecosystems, and will help to fill a crucial gap in the data requirement 
11467 2 mi-autonomous aerial survey system that will enable the high resolution image capture necessary 
environmental survey of mudflats and we will now apply this technology to glaciology for the fi 
14901 1 structural aggregates. in particular we will try to distinguish those aspects of the microstruc 
10797 7 strain of either species is present. we would like to be able identify species and strains beca 
entify species and strains because this would enable us to trace the origin of tb in britain. w 
 with europeans. all of these questions could be addressed if we could identify the particular  
hese questions could be addressed if we could identify the particular strains of mycobacterium  
ed in some archaeological skeletons. we will therefore extract ancient dna from a variety of sk 
sent in each case. the proposed project will carry out this work with skeletons from britain an 
by comparing our two sets of results we will be able to study the impact that contact had on tb 
11565 7 strain of either species is present. we would like to be able identify species and strains beca 
entify species and strains because this would enable us to trace the origin of tb in britain. w 
 with europeans. all of these questions could be addressed if we could identify the particular  
hese questions could be addressed if we could identify the particular strains of mycobacterium  
ed in some archaeological skeletons. we will therefore extract ancient dna from a variety of sk 
sent in each case. the proposed project will carry out this work with skeletons from britain an 
by comparing our two sets of results we will be able to study the impact that contact had on tb 
15087 5 r, are scarcely or null. this knowledge could allow us to detect early warning for to point tow 
s such as feathers or non-hatching eggs could be useful in exposure assessment and risk predict 
 areas of known environmental pollution could allow us to identify exposure ranges and their re 
s to chronic exposure. this information could be very useful in concrete episodes of massive mo 
e taken. in the third place, this study will try to characterize lead, cadmium and organochlori 
7613 2 nt of different types of bio-indicators will provide innovative tools for decision support in t 
e presence of a pollutant. such systems could be designed by exploiting the natural functions o 
14954 4 evious study of representative bacteria will be performed, in relation to relevant aspects of b 
rget pahs to be used as model compounds will be naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorine, anthracene 
, all of them present in creosote, that will be taken as model pah mixture. also, part of this  
l pah mixture. also, part of this study will be performed with contaminated soils from a wood-t 
13313 5 undance of individual species. the tool will contain information on the ecological preferences  
line biodiversity indicators. this tool will be applied for assessing impacts and effectiveness 
ing scenario studies. the bioscore tool will be integrated into existing biodiversity monitorin 
ng frameworks and incentives for uptake will be formulated. also the database will be made free 
e will be formulated. also the database will be made freely accessible on the internet. the spe 
14331 1 services of prime importance to man and will increase possible impact of the final project outc 
15126 3 aphic areas and new habitats. specimens will be collected, identified, vouchered, cultured or p 
 with data concerning host biodiversity will also increase our understanding of co-speciation p 
anges in ph and ion concentrations that could possibly be correlated to water quality standards 
10618 5 gnificance. this innovative pilot study will assess if angiosperm-based methodologies can be us 
id leaf assemblages. gigantopterid data will be compared with data gathered from climatically s 
 test climatic inferences. this project will provide valuable new data on permian palaeoclimate 
 new data on permian palaeoclimates and will allow models of past atmospheric co2 to be constra 
strained by fossil plant evidence. this will also test the hypothesis that gigantopterid gymnos 
13314 1 than developing new structures biostrat will provide specific support to epbrs to develop and c 
10459 8 rctic ocean. the fauna from hole m0004a will provide much-needed information about the response 
ximum. a high-resolution set of samples will be collected from the core and the benthic foramin 
m the core and the benthic foraminifera will be studied quantitatively to provide estimates of  
 the water depth and oxygen content. we will make comparisons with benthic foraminiferal faunas 
gen, and western siberia. therefore, it will be necessary to attend the international workshop  
 the cretaceous and early paleocene, it will be useful to make direct comparisons with paleogen 
biostratographic results and age models will be published in the iodp volume, and the detailed  
 iodp volume, and the detailed taxonomy will be submitted to an international micropaleontologi 
15409 1  the case groups and the techniques. we will investigate several cases of radiation , testing t 
15410 1  the case groups and the techniques. we will investigate several cases of radiation , testing t 
15180 1 elt and isotopic dating of water layers will be conducted. in addition to its scientific intere 
11242 4 t enough: to determine how biodiversity will be affected by global change we need to understand 
t, then the pressures driving evolution will change. ecological opportunity could arise due to  
ion will change. ecological opportunity could arise due to environmental change, the evolution  
al-world data with predictive models, i will provide new insight into how past and present-day  
10977 15  the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower than it is today; then, 
 then, when the climate warmed, the sea would rise once more. understanding the impact of these 
ger and closer to the mainland , and we will use this as a marker for evolutionary change. unti 
s evolved. to answer these questions we will first conduct detailed examination and measurement 
on mainland species, and the comparison will allow us to determine how many species of dwarfs t 
ir ancestry. comparison of measurements will then allow us to calculate the percentage reductio 
etailed features of the teeth and bones will reveal whether the dwarfs had become specially ada 
o the island environments. secondly, we will use cutting-edge techniques to determine the geolo 
geological age of the dwarf species. we will employ four different methods of dating that betwe 
ent methods of dating that between them will allow us to determine ages within a narrow range o 
o be taken at the sites. to this end we will visit a number of key localities on sicily, malta, 
eviously-excavated fossils. thirdly, we will use existing knowledge about climate and sea-level 
utting together these three strands, we will be able to determine how global changes impacted t 
 vegetation the results of this project will provide a microcosm of the impact of global change 
f global change on mammal evolution. it will also help explain a long-debated phenomenon - that 
11166 15  the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower than it is today; then, 
 then, when the climate warmed, the sea would rise once more. understanding the impact of these 
ger and closer to the mainland , and we will use this as a marker for evolutionary change. unti 
s evolved. to answer these questions we will first conduct detailed examination and measurement 
on mainland species, and the comparison will allow us to determine how many species of dwarfs t 
ir ancestry. comparison of measurements will then allow us to calculate the percentage reductio 
etailed features of the teeth and bones will reveal whether the dwarfs had become specially ada 
o the island environments. secondly, we will use cutting-edge techniques to determine the geolo 
geological age of the dwarf species. we will employ four different methods of dating that betwe 
ent methods of dating that between them will allow us to determine ages within a narrow range o 
o be taken at the sites. to this end we will visit a number of key localities on sicily, malta, 
eviously-excavated fossils. thirdly, we will use existing knowledge about climate and sea-level 
utting together these three strands, we will be able to determine how global changes impacted t 
 vegetation the results of this project will provide a microcosm of the impact of global change 
f global change on mammal evolution. it will also help explain a long-debated phenomenon - that 
9890 15  the height of an ice age the sea level could be up to 120 metres lower than it is today; then, 
 then, when the climate warmed, the sea would rise once more. understanding the impact of these 
ger and closer to the mainland , and we will use this as a marker for evolutionary change. unti 
s evolved. to answer these questions we will first conduct detailed examination and measurement 
on mainland species, and the comparison will allow us to determine how many species of dwarfs t 
ir ancestry. comparison of measurements will then allow us to calculate the percentage reductio 
etailed features of the teeth and bones will reveal whether the dwarfs had become specially ada 
o the island environments. secondly, we will use cutting-edge techniques to determine the geolo 
geological age of the dwarf species. we will employ four different methods of dating that betwe 
ent methods of dating that between them will allow us to determine ages within a narrow range o 
o be taken at the sites. to this end we will visit a number of key localities on sicily, malta, 
eviously-excavated fossils. thirdly, we will use existing knowledge about climate and sea-level 
utting together these three strands, we will be able to determine how global changes impacted t 
 vegetation the results of this project will provide a microcosm of the impact of global change 
f global change on mammal evolution. it will also help explain a long-debated phenomenon - that 
15513 1  mediterranean basin. all those aspects will bring light to one of the most difficult and compl 
2196 5 cies promoting a epifouna/flora. the wp should address how the properties of the mussel bed, e. 
sociated flora and fauna. another focus should be the dynamic and interaction between mytilus a 
the goods and services produced. the wp should cover aspects on different scales i.e. local, re 
at under this wp a scientific synthesis will be produced integrating existing population geneti 
his synthesis guidelines for management should be extracted and presented .  
12017 1 e, combined morpho-molecular techniques will allow: assessment of the resilience of coccolithop 
10571 3 life on earth, and without them, humans would not exist. understanding what causes mass extinct 
ascertain their timing and causes. this will test whether the drivers of equatorial extinctions 
truly be considered global. the results will be publicised to a scientific audience through the 
12442 1 ing on scientific research in this area would enhance our international reputation in the pract 
11456 1 iple scales at an e. amazonian site. we will use the new data in combination with a modelling f 
10859 4 in active transport of energy resources will be investigated in a small river in kenya. by samp 
al environment by this freshwater taxon will be determined. gut content analysis will enable us 
ill be determined. gut content analysis will enable us to determine the extent to which feeding 
 correlating habitat use with discharge will demonstrate the extent to which crabs use land as  
11035 1 sess these processes within species. we will do this by employing an interdisciplinary approach 
6971 3 e to be exploited in maize breeding, it will be necessary to create an infrastructure that allo 
vironment. in this way new inbred lines could be developed in far less time than using conventi 
the competitiveness of such new hybrids would be greatly improved by the introduction of new, f 
6919 6 ng program started in the early 80-ties will be continued with the help of the project. the met 
in contamination. the quality screening will be solved by the new dobraszczyk instrument. as a  
ned and new candidates for state trials will be given. in the qtl analysis the significant impr 
angenes aldose and ferritine reductases will also be tested. they are important is stress resis 
diseases with good or excellent quality will be also a highly important task of the project. of 
roject. of course, the yielding ability will also be seriously considered.  
6927 5 otential, good malt and brewery quality will be planned to produce by means of this competition 
. chemical contamination of environment will be decreased by introduction of the new varieties, 
fication of leaf spot disease dominancy will be evaluated. the major properties of agricultural 
ural technics of our breeding materials will be determined in our trials. the selection of bree 
ls. the selection of breeding materials will be carried out according to the new approach fitti 
14899 2 patterns of sexual size dimorphism . we will also implement a spatially-explicit individual-bas 
morphologies. we hope that this project will substantially contribute to push forward the resea 
11738 1 t form on a fishes teeth as it feeds we will be able to interpret the dietary preferences and f 
13572 4 , probably caused by climate change. we will analyze the magnitude, time course, cause records  
n, and pollen. experiments and modeling will be made on leaching of doc from soils under variou 
ecipitation and vegetation. the project will test effects of lake brownification on plankton, p 
re experiments. lake doc concentrations will be modeled under various scenarios of runoff, doc- 
14117 2 ined, conservation of many more species will be more grounded. estonia lies in the centre of no 
tific level. the results of the project will give new information for the possible changes in b 
6909 2 n 2000 and 2002. during this project we would like to analyze these data and publish the result 
rsity managed by tree selection logging will be compared with even-aged, mono-dominant state fo 
14731 2 d on chloroplast rps4 and its sequences will be continue. also, taxonomic problems in different 
d relationship are no fully understood, will be resolved using morphological characters and mol 
15430 3 genteum in sierra nevada and other that could be interesting in the case of ceratodon purpureus 
elated to climate factors. this project will benefit from the availability of genomic data of t 
em in genetics. several genetic markers will be used: dna sequences, aflp, srap and snp. 4 the  
12417 2 shetland and eastern england . stomachs will be extracted and the contents sent to jan van fran 
 the marine environment. the contractor will produce an annual report on the data collected and 
11064 13 nfluences animal populations. the model will be developed by adding a user-friendly interface t 
y. this is unsatisfactory, as this tool should really be accessible to those who have a direct  
l of co-dependent bird populations, and could do this in-house with a suitable model. likewise, 
h a suitable model. likewise, the model could be used by developers to compare the ecological i 
any, schemes to object to. this project will provide such a user-friendly and accessible softwa 
accessible software tool. the new model will reduce the complexities of running the current mod 
ed outputs. the new user-friendly model will be developed and tested for coastal birds, collabo 
ew software, and associated user guide, will be developed, by an iterative processes of develop 
ng the project, the user-friendly model will be applied to coastal birds, it will be constructe 
el will be applied to coastal birds, it will be constructed in a general way, such that it is n 
s in the future. these priority systems will be identified during the project. a workshop and s 
roject. a workshop and scientific paper will be used as a platform to advertise the existence o 
after the end of the project, a website will be constructed, from which the model and updates c 
12722 1  of the ‘harvest families. this project will assess and model that impact, review possible ince 
10675 2 m areas of different isotopic signature will be possible. we will measure both bulk pinus sp. r 
isotopic signature will be possible. we will measure both bulk pinus sp. resin lining roman amp 
15221 1 , the main contribution of the proposal would be to a better understanding of those mechanisms  
10643 5 tion through this critical interval, it should be possible to reconstruct not only the dynamics 
ils through the middle to late cambrian will shed fundamental new light on early evolutionary p 
eanography and macroecology, this study will also provide a unique, evolutionary view of how mo 
 marine ecosystems function. this study will focus on the western canada sedimentary basin, whi 
ore comprehensive sampling and analysis will substantially advance our understanding of early p 
6916 3 n flora. sedimentological investigation will reveal the process of burial. wood degradation and 
od degradation and diagenetic processes will be assessed. soil parameters will be analysed. exa 
esses will be assessed. soil parameters will be analysed. exact age of the forest is to be dete 
12059 2 tion to providing new data, our project will foster the exchange of scientific expertise betwee 
he past few thousand years, our project will promote the conservation and the efficient use of  
15290 5 nding hedgerow c sequestration capacity will be crucial for the c balances -required by kyioto  
 vegetation types . for this purpose we will use organic and mineral fertilisers labelled with  
ace its fate. the fate of the added 15n will be monitored for two years in the soil plant syste 
f crop edges and hedgerows. finally, we will study the forms of n recently fixed in soils by us 
techniques. the results of this project will contribute to establish the basis for managing soi 
1093 5 ility of independent time estimates. we will use cave organisms as a tool to address molecular  
lism and reproduction.in particular, we will investigate several genera of insects and crustace 
 pangea. these paleogeographical events will be used to calibrate rates of substitution on the  
 molecular phylogeny. different methods will be used, which assume and do not assume constancy  
eages. the sequence of homologous genes will allow to compare rates and modes of molecular evol 
11244 2  controlling their growth conditions. i will test the effects of temperature, diatom species an 
ey are to infer past environments. this will enable scientists to make more reliable assessment 
11321 2  controlling their growth conditions. i will test the effects of temperature, diatom species an 
ey are to infer past environments. this will enable scientists to make more reliable assessment 
10569 1 enormous potential for discoveries that could revolutionise our understanding of avian behaviou 
1970 4                                      we will examine whether developmental mechanisms can bias  
e to selection within our model species will be compared to patterns of divergence observed acr 
in coupled and uncoupled directions. we will contrast the behaviour of the two eyespot features 
hanges in phenotype are based. the work will further integrate the fields of ecology and evolut 
7025 1 valley. an altered natural water regime will affect the biogeochemistry of riparian and instrea 
11198 4  the seed rain and the adult population will be determined using existing rapd markers. mean vi 
 viable seed output of each adult class will be calculated, and from this plus the above, mean  
s plus the above, mean lifetime fitness will be determined. the difference between fitness of p 
at the two sites, expected to be large, will then be computed to test whether extrinsic selecti 
1963 2 umber of genes involved in these traits will be estimated from the response to selection, but w 
 from the response to selection, but we will also attempt to test simple models on mode of inhe 
13710 3 of species remains unexplained. here, i will examine whether the widespread decline of shorebir 
nd breeding sites in southern sweden. i will test a suite of novel hypotheses; critical paramet 
ed by a genetic fingerprint . the study will provide important management guidelines for an end 
11102 2 patches. we propose a study in which we will collect appropriate data at the landscape scale fo 
e for two contrasting plant species and will investigate the dynamics suggested by these data u 
10632 1 as not been examined. in this project i will explore whether adaptation to new parasites is an  
11670 1 areful dating using these new protocols will provide an important innovative approach to derivi 
13777 5 nt, and effects during the next century will be dramatic and significant irrespective of which  
now instead of rain, spring flood peaks will become lower and winter flows higher. this threate 
 of forecasts of future stream flows, i will predict which species that will increase and decre 
lows, i will predict which species that will increase and decrease with a future climate. to ev 
 climate-driven hydrological changes, i will use projections of future stream flows to forecast 
10045 4 nding forest. in theory, these payments could be used to address the poverty that is widespread 
ries that reduce rates of deforestation will be able to sell the resulting reduction in carbon  
se organisations means that our results will be readily applied in existing protected areas. as 
eate a blueprint for how these projects could work both in peru and in the wider amazonian regi 
15422 1  in marine ecosystems . furthermore, we will work with the life stories of the species under la 
11162 3  in east and southern africa . the team will communicate via a web-based platform, such as ning 
 draft text and ideas, and team members will be encouraged to enable inter-disciplinary sharing 
vidual, disciplinary projects. the team will meet for one week in maputo and dar es salaam to b 
10086 4 the enzymes and microbial taxa involved will be investigated. sediment carbohydrate size catego 
 of carbohydrates by benthic microalgae will be linked to measurements of in situ microbial exo 
sm, sediment slurry and culture studies will determine potential pathways and rates of carbohyd 
xa involved in carbohydrate degradation will be identified.  
13605 1 d knowledge from carbomat to industries will be facilitated by swedish biotechnology transfer c 
13454 2 fixing microorganisms in the baltic sea will be quantified during bloom and decay, and their re 
ontributions to overall c- and n-fluxes will be estimated in the baltic sea.  
14612 6 t of precipitation in these areas. this would be of particular risk for arid and semiarid ecosy 
ual variability of ecosystem fluxes. we will investigate aspects related to vegetation and soil 
ity, and carbon stocks. furthermore, we will study soil respiration and the response of soil re 
apacity at ecosystem level. finally, we will integrate these data into models in order to descr 
 change scenarios. at the same time, we will explore the integration of the expected results in 
cation models, in such a way that these could be used to improve current desertification models 
11204 4 sence of am mycelia and microarthropods will be used to quantify c flux from plants through am  
nd in the field. am-associated bacteria will be identified by 16/185 rdna and dgge. effects of  
disruption to c flux through am mycelia will be quantified. the project will redress a serious  
mycelia will be quantified. the project will redress a serious deficiency in rhizosphere c flux 
10939 2 carbon pools and changes in palaeoredox will be investigated across a new triassic-jurassic bou 
elta 13c analysis and u/th geochemistry will be combined with sedimentology, faunal range data, 
12717 2 t objectives. the successful contractor will undertake a review of existing and planned redd me 
ntial co-benefits for environment. they will identify any gaps in the delivery of biodiversity  
201 4 co2 and climate changes, more attention should be paid both to reducing of co2 emission but als 
utting age. the results of this project will improve knowledge of development and formation of  
e of essential practical importance and will improve the precision of growth models. since nowa 
 results obtained from proposed project will enable a better management of estonian birch fores 
7663 1    . the mineralization of the nitrogen will be followed in parallel to the solubilization of o 
14873 3  those processes of soil c accumulation will be analyzed in detail. the complexity of the propo 
s proposed in carboagropas. the results will be useful beyond the agro-pastoral ecosystems, whi 
toral ecosystems, which in this context would be model systems to test hypotheses on the c cycl 
14874 3  those processes of soil c accumulation will be analyzed in detail. the complexity of the propo 
s proposed in carboagropas. the results will be useful beyond the agro-pastoral ecosystems, whi 
toral ecosystems, which in this context would be model systems to test hypotheses on the c cycl 
10243 4 l fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the introduction and monitorin 
oring of a 13co2 label in the field and will investigate the role played by individual plant, m 
 in in situ c transfers at sourhope. we will determine the extent to which plant, microbial and 
fate of carbon in the soil. the project will involve a multi-disciplinary consortium of five gr 
11005 4 l fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the introduction and monitorin 
oring of a 13co2 label in the field and will investigate the role played by individual plant, m 
 in in situ c transfers at sourhope. we will determine the extent to which plant, microbial and 
fate of carbon in the soil. the project will involve a multi-disciplinary consortium of five gr 
11216 4 l fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the introduction and monitorin 
oring of a 13co2 label in the field and will investigate the role played by individual plant, m 
 in in situ c transfers at sourhope. we will determine the extent to which plant, microbial and 
fate of carbon in the soil. the project will involve a multi-disciplinary consortium of five gr 
14118 4 ensities and severities of disturbances will change and with that also natural disturbance proc 
of recent photosynthates through roots, will be carried through and the simulation results will 
ried through and the simulation results will be compared to actual field measurements. with hel 
lp of field measurements data the model will be improved.  
10891 3 nipulated independently. the experiment will determine whether changes in predator species numb 
ore, plant and soil microbe biomass. it will also test whether herbivore species number, or the 
ts through the food web. the experiment will reveal novel information about the effects of spec 
12710 3 n and adaptively manage landscapes that will enable biodiversity to adapt to climate change. •t 
rt policy guidance note. the case study will form the final report, but key elements must be dr 
e and a short policy guidance note that will help inform policy customers of the main issues an 
12723 3 n and adaptively manage landscapes that will enable biodiversity to adapt to climate change. •t 
rt policy guidance note. the case study will form the final report, but key elements must be dr 
e and a short policy guidance note that will help inform policy customers of the main issues an 
12480 5 ided by gis. the case study, therefore, will enable the exploration of different geographical s 
ocal ecosystem services. in doing so it should provide for a much better understanding of the n 
green grid and their interactions. this will have real value for green grid initiatives elsewhe 
e methodologies tested by this research will also provide a means of integrating the concept of 
 services, so that plans and programmes could be assessed against the areas ability to deliver  
15192 1 ub-castes , the caste system plasticity will be tested along a thermal and geographical gradien 
11744 1 sequences . a catalogue of migs reports would provide an extensive amount of novel data and a p 
2154 4 ved large-scale shift in vegetation. it will be difficult to find or test what actually caused  
tion of the kelp forest. the objectives will be achieved by experimental studies of recruitment 
tory where the environmental conditions will be manipulated. the saccharina project will be und 
 be manipulated. the saccharina project will be undertaken jointly by a team of participants fr 
14928 4 r canopies. the three former hypotheses will be tested on a list of 100 alien invasive species  
ninsula, while the remaining hypotheses will be checked for particular but relevant invasion ev 
 peninsula. the results of this project will contribute to an early detection of potential inva 
nmental impacts of plant invasions, and will provide tools for decision-making in biodiversity  
2538 1  fluctuations in age structure. here we will use a novel modelling framework based on the conce 
11338 4 fected by these bacteria is unknown. we will investigate these questions in the butterfly, hypo 
 affects host reproduction. the project will involve partners in french polynesia and malay bor 
hemical consumables, 5% equipment. this will inform us generally about the importance of these  
etween bacteria and their host vary. it will also allow us to assess their potential use in con 
10687 1 ur of the earth system in the past that will be able to inform us better of how to deal with cu 
10356 2 ve function, aligned with qtl analysis, will be used to uncover the physiological mechanisms an 
ible evolutionary changes in sex ratio, will be explored both theoretically and empirically.  
14792 5 elective pressure influencing seed size should be the competitive advantage of seedlings coming 
als along their regeneration cycle that would produce conflicting selective pressures on seed s 
e whole regeneration cycle of holm oaks will produce different optimal seed sizes that those ob 
ter integrating all selective pressures will vary in space and in time. under this realistic sc 
of holm oak woodlands, results obtained would allow to analyse whether and how intraspecific va 
2085 2 l variability and population demography will be the subject of the present phd-project using se 
a gathered at a large geographic scale, will be used to answer the following questions: how doe 
10731 5 wild fish populations. such information would be valuable, especially considering the increased 
s climate change. the proposed research will examine muscle fibre structure, biochemistry, meta 
formance. additional laboratory studies will be performed to examine the influence of predator  
ng individual-based mathematical models will compliment these laboratory experiments by incorpo 
. overall, this interdisciplinary study will allow us to better understand the mechanistic unde 
14819 2 anic material, to introduce energy that could maintain the soilsystem, and in such a way, to re 
nish directly the soil biodiversity and could affect the ecosystem functioning. the main target 
10236 2 indonesia, and this is why this project will focusing on improving our understanding of the env 
ts of sundaland during the last ice-age will therefore improve our understanding and modelling  
9812 2 indonesia, and this is why this project will focusing on improving our understanding of the env 
ts of sundaland during the last ice-age will therefore improve our understanding and modelling  
7671 3 ntial distributions of abies and cedrus will be predicted using different climate scenarios and 
ensitivity tests. the models projection will identify the regions where each species may become 
 with climate change. the models output will play a central role in formulating recommendations 
12383 2 even if they are not used. this project will account for any unused days, therefore project cos 
ny unused days, therefore project costs will vary any time rv days are added or subtracted else 
10370 2 y of cellular recognition. initially we will investigate ligands and receptors involved in cell 
e effect feeding behaviour. experiments will then be conducted within coastal waters in order t 
13853 1 ing both genetic and genomic approaches will ensure identification of interesting genes from bo 
13749 3 rioration of the forest as a c sink. we will use a combination of different approaches – from d 
mental scenarios. on a larger scale, we will use a network of sites in northern europe. our res 
ls. a centre for soil microbial ecology will be established to accomplish this interdisciplinar 
13848 1 ssment of the invasion, further studies will evaluate the potential impact of cercopagis on str 
12054 1                             the project will investigate the dynamics of communities of murine  
12642 3                             the project will deliver the first comprehensive estimates of commo 
ore european atlantic waters. abundance will also be estimated for other delphinid species foun 
ance estimates together with those from will enable the first assessment of the impact of commo 
12661 2 r purpose: reliable and comparable data will lead to better understanding of the nature and ext 
nd of cetacean strandings which in turn will enable better management. the information from thi 
12309 1 es as a result of climate change, which will bring milder, wetter winters, hotter, drier summer 
10788 2 emperate regions. the proposed research will develop novel experimental and modelling technique 
 and plants, and whether global warming will alter the nitrogen dynamics of antarctic soils. we 
10804 2 emperate regions. the proposed research will develop novel experimental and modelling technique 
 and plants, and whether global warming will alter the nitrogen dynamics of antarctic soils. we 
12014 3 ons such as those due to climate change could then be altered. changes in the composition of th 
ses. greater impacts in the biscay case could be explained by heavier exploitation and/or lower 
observed in the south-morroco community could be attributed only to fishing impacts as the temp 
440 2 es of climate and soil properties. this will contribute to the emerging field of eco-informatic 
merging field of eco-informatics, which will represent a corner stone in the understanding of r 
11294 2 ious grazing and burning treatments. we will manipulate vegetation of different management syst 
s c cycling in peatland. to do this, we will use novel pulse labelling approaches which allow u 
11305 2 ious grazing and burning treatments. we will manipulate vegetation of different management syst 
s c cycling in peatland. to do this, we will use novel pulse labelling approaches which allow u 
14949 1 c. but, apart that vegetation responses would be very different from mediterranean ecosystems,  
14875 1 inose shrubs and rhizobium biodiversity will be examined along the chronosequence.  
7150 2 reproducing the 1976 exploration effort will gather the material needed to compare the diversit 
 physical environment and bio-economic, will interpret any variations in diversity in the light 
10499 4                            this project will examine changes in genome structure and transcript 
eciation in the genus senecio. research will consist of two priority genomic analyses, 1 the ho 
expression and phenotypic evolution, we will compare these processes in both natural of parenta 
 showing altered patterns of expression will be characterized and positioned on the saturated m 
10699 4                            this project will examine changes in genome structure and transcript 
eciation in the genus senecio. research will consist of two priority genomic analyses, 1 the ho 
expression and phenotypic evolution, we will compare these processes in both natural of parenta 
 showing altered patterns of expression will be characterized and positioned on the saturated m 
7156 1 the teams and their partners worked. it will ultimately made ​​available for consultation via a 
11062 6 lue of marine resources means that they should have been a conspicuous component of prehistoric 
ed in the pottery vessels. this project will further investigate the origins of these novel com 
ntrations in archaeological pottery. we will then use these biomarker compounds to track prehis 
nning with the early neolithic. pottery would be obtained from a range of scottish and irish si 
g, albeit possibly at a lower level. we will also investigate pottery from neolithic mainland c 
onger sequences of occupation exist, we will explore changing patterns in marine resource explo 
10349 1 data to identify the mechanism involved will help us to understand the impacts of changing dyna 
11786 1 data to identify the mechanism involved will help us to understand the impacts of changing dyna 
6832 2 s are planned to be investigated: 1. we will elucidate the role of chaperones in cytoplasmic or 
ones in cytoplasmic organization. 2. we will examine signaling after the poisoning of chaperone 
11463 1 d grow under non-extreme conditions. we will study under varying salinities and temperatures gr 
11802 1 d grow under non-extreme conditions. we will study under varying salinities and temperatures gr 
11461 1 n b. licheniformis cell suspensions. we will chemically characterise the communication molecule 
9937 1 n b. licheniformis cell suspensions. we will chemically characterise the communication molecule 
12514 6 ain in each sector, and across sectors, will be examined to identify linkages and to highlight  
ccess or failure in the market. the aim will be to identify why certain business opportunities  
peration and development in each sector will be identified by considering factors such as produ 
nomic and ethnic groups to organic food will be considered, and regional variation and the pene 
ic market into urban versus rural areas will be investigated. a project web page will be used t 
ill be investigated. a project web page will be used to post documents containing the results o 
11476 6 l and molecular level. in particular we will focus on the methyltransferase enzymes they contai 
tilising bacteria. the results obtained will provide essential baseline physiological, biochemi 
ia can be exploited as biocatalysts. we will use both biochemical and molecular biological tech 
 methyltransferases and related enzymes will be identified by the use of in-house proteomics fa 
rtfolio of 14 strains of mebr utilisers will be assessed using a wide range of halogenated subs 
graphy experiments. if time permits, we will clone the genes encoding the most versatile methyl 
10743 6 the pilot award under gane this project will continue the measurement of organic n in precipita 
e chemical characterisitcs of organic n will be investigated using hplc. measurements will also 
e investigated using hplc. measurements will also be made of organic n in the aerosol and gas p 
ding measurements of stable n isotopes, will relate organic n to potential source areas. input  
eas. input of organic n to forest soils will be measured in throughfall. the results will provi 
be measured in throughfall. the results will provide quantitative and quallitative information  
11755 6 the pilot award under gane this project will continue the measurement of organic n in precipita 
e chemical characterisitcs of organic n will be investigated using hplc. measurements will also 
e investigated using hplc. measurements will also be made of organic n in the aerosol and gas p 
ding measurements of stable n isotopes, will relate organic n to potential source areas. input  
eas. input of organic n to forest soils will be measured in throughfall. the results will provi 
be measured in throughfall. the results will provide quantitative and quallitative information  
9974 6 the pilot award under gane this project will continue the measurement of organic n in precipita 
e chemical characterisitcs of organic n will be investigated using hplc. measurements will also 
e investigated using hplc. measurements will also be made of organic n in the aerosol and gas p 
ding measurements of stable n isotopes, will relate organic n to potential source areas. input  
eas. input of organic n to forest soils will be measured in throughfall. the results will provi 
be measured in throughfall. the results will provide quantitative and quallitative information  
12185 7 fy and evaluate mitigation methods that will enhance the ability of agri-environment schemes to 
. in the first part of this project, we will carry out a national survey of soil compaction in  
ey of soil compaction in grasslands. we will identify and visit 300 grassland fields covering i 
 schemes and biodiversity. the findings will be summarised in an interim report on the national 
s/mechanisms involved. the final report will include text, images and technical information tha 
, images and technical information that could underpin the production of a technical advice not 
plant communities. in addition, results will be communicated through regionally based soil work 
10228 1 cs of the initial introduction. outputs will include the production of predictive models of pro 
13465 6 ion and gentleness. to achieve this, we will survey genetic variation across the entire genome  
xt-generation sequencing technology. we will then scan these fine-scale patterns of genetic var 
ic variation underlying adaptive traits could be crucial in maintaining them in the face of mod 
f modern threats to honeybees. the data will also enable us to quantify the role of positive se 
 genetic variation. finally, this study should identify more than one million snps, which will  
ntify more than one million snps, which will be valuable for studying honeybee ecology and evol 
13359 1  aegean agricultural research institute will be characterized and evaluated for various agronom 
1096 24 rs for their traceability. the products will be obtained with the fattening in wood in comparis 
ese trial, three groups of ten barrows, will be employed. the first group will be fattened on c 
rows, will be employed. the first group will be fattened on chestnut stand; the second and the  
 stand; the second and the third groups will be fattened indoors and fed concentrate or chestnu 
ore the begin of the trial, the animals will be submitted to an adaptation period at the new co 
or nero siciliano trial, thirty barrows will be employed and shared in two homogeneous groups.  
ed in two homogeneous groups. one group will be reared indoors and fattened barley; the other o 
oors and fattened barley; the other one will be reared indoors for the growing period and fatte 
 in vita and post mortem determinations will be the same in the two breeds: with fortnights per 
ds: with fortnights periodicity animals will be weighed and backfat thickness will be measured  
s will be weighed and backfat thickness will be measured using an ultrasound equipment. for ind 
r indoor-pigs the feed conversion index will be calculated. at slaughter ph45 will be measured  
x will be calculated. at slaughter ph45 will be measured and from right side, sample joint will 
sured and from right side, sample joint will be taken; it will be constituted of the lumbar por 
ht side, sample joint will be taken; it will be constituted of the lumbar portion, comprehensiv 
utaneous fat and skin, the sample joint will be dissected in its tissue components. on longissu 
rum muscle the following determinations will be carried out: ph; colour will be carried out. th 
nations will be carried out: ph; colour will be carried out. the results of these analyses will 
ried out. the results of these analyses will provide new information on the populations mostly  
 final products. all the cured products will be submitted to organoleptic evaluation by trained 
valuation by trained panel. the results will be analysed with the usual statistical analyses; i 
with the usual statistical analyses; it will also be employed multivariate analysis. the more i 
e analysis. the more innovative results will be presented at the 6th international symposium of 
al symposium of mediterranean pig, that will be held in sicily in the 2007, whom organization h 
15181 3 and samples from affected chamois. this will allow us to study the antigenic and molecular char 
cular characteristics of this virus. we will also continue with the epidemiological surveillanc 
ated from diseased chamois. the results will allow us to characterize the virus from the differ 
7509 2 irulence genes have shown, however quon could classify the majority of apec strains in 4 groups 
ction typing methods by neutral markers will be associated with typing based on virulence genes 
7501 1 o both groups studied. agaricus species will be analyzed by genetic approaches, environmental,  
15334 3 ps splitting and other forthcoming data will probably provide a credible estimation for the evo 
 reduction of the number of individuals should limit possibilities for outcrossing, promoting r 
ons of seeds for germplasm conservation should take care to gather a significant diversity of a 
7384 1 , or supposed neutral. the methods used will be based on the analysis of linkage disequilibrium 
7625 1 xity of the root system of trees. so we will endeavor us to evaluate the effects of architectur 
14588 1 rs for a succesful mycorrhization, that will allow us to identify the addecuate fungus for ever 
213 1 verting enzymes, 2,5oligoadenylate . we will also develop the method for the isolation of spong 
14858 1 ver all these activities, most of which will be completed by computer. this application describ 
12404 2 impacts in the marine environment. this will be in 5 modules; passive sampling; emerging contam 
ls, both known and as yet unidentified, will continue to be an important consideration in the p 
13530 1 techniques. using the same procedure we will also aim to identify the unknown allelopathic comp 
10316 5 antarctica south of the polar front. we will conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of f 
es identified during cruise 1. cruise 3 will be a combined geophysical, chemical and biological 
ntarctic peninsula. subsequent analysis will compare the hydrothermal and seep chemistry among  
ep chemistry among these four sites. we will use morphological, molecular, lipid and stable iso 
d the food web processes. our programme will determine whether colonisation of vents and seeps, 
10551 5 antarctica south of the polar front. we will conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of f 
es identified during cruise 1. cruise 3 will be a combined geophysical, chemical and biological 
ntarctic peninsula. subsequent analysis will compare the hydrothermal and seep chemistry among  
ep chemistry among these four sites. we will use morphological, molecular, lipid and stable iso 
d the food web processes. our programme will determine whether colonisation of vents and seeps, 
10781 5 antarctica south of the polar front. we will conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of f 
es identified during cruise 1. cruise 3 will be a combined geophysical, chemical and biological 
ntarctic peninsula. subsequent analysis will compare the hydrothermal and seep chemistry among  
ep chemistry among these four sites. we will use morphological, molecular, lipid and stable iso 
d the food web processes. our programme will determine whether colonisation of vents and seeps, 
11308 5 antarctica south of the polar front. we will conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of f 
es identified during cruise 1. cruise 3 will be a combined geophysical, chemical and biological 
ntarctic peninsula. subsequent analysis will compare the hydrothermal and seep chemistry among  
ep chemistry among these four sites. we will use morphological, molecular, lipid and stable iso 
d the food web processes. our programme will determine whether colonisation of vents and seeps, 
11568 5 antarctica south of the polar front. we will conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of f 
es identified during cruise 1. cruise 3 will be a combined geophysical, chemical and biological 
ntarctic peninsula. subsequent analysis will compare the hydrothermal and seep chemistry among  
ep chemistry among these four sites. we will use morphological, molecular, lipid and stable iso 
d the food web processes. our programme will determine whether colonisation of vents and seeps, 
11828 5 antarctica south of the polar front. we will conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of f 
es identified during cruise 1. cruise 3 will be a combined geophysical, chemical and biological 
ntarctic peninsula. subsequent analysis will compare the hydrothermal and seep chemistry among  
ep chemistry among these four sites. we will use morphological, molecular, lipid and stable iso 
d the food web processes. our programme will determine whether colonisation of vents and seeps, 
15320 4 species widely used as biological model will be studied to the situation of stress provoked for 
ked for triazine-type herbicides. there will be evaluated the short-term changes that are produ 
t - darkness. the factors to evaluating will be cellular attainable parameters to the cytomic t 
 depth the interaction xenobiotic-cell, will provide relevant information with a view to the de 
14316 1  with climate change and global indices could help in designing early warning methods.  
6866 8 ungary distribution map of 2000 species will be completed following the grid system of the proj 
s the knowledge on the flora of hungary will increase significantly both quantitatively and qua 
executed in several countries in europe will be possible. distribution maps prepared to analyze 
ion-wide level phytogeograpic relations will be compared to climatic and edaphic factors and th 
getation - climatic and edaphic factors will be analysed statistically. it will be experienced  
tors will be analysed statistically. it will be experienced in what degree the climatic and eda 
gical and naturalness indicator values, will be analyzed how truthfully the naturalness of the  
composition. the results to be expected will help the professional botanic, landscape history,  
6752 1 gate the fate of chromium polluted soil will be studied as well. the expected results of the pr 
11673 3 nd what happens when they hybridise, we will collect mice from natural areas of hybridisation.  
eas of hybridisation. much of our study will be an in depth analysis of particular regions of c 
ons for our two models. in this way, we will be able to decide what may be promoting species-fo 
15090 1 city tests with spiked metals. the cbrs will be contrasted with the data obtained form the chro 
9843 2 ific margin of gondwana. to this end we will use well-tried and accurate sensitive high-resolut 
e high-resolution ion microprobe . they should also reveal the ages and source regions of prove 
13439 9 nd how predictions for the 21st century will affect the spreading of toxic algae in arabian sea 
ing of toxic algae in arabian sea. this will contribute to sustainable development in tropical  
ytoplankton monitoring of coastal water will ensure safe bivalves, which is an environmental fr 
vironmental friendly protein source. we will define the long-term effects of the environmental  
 50 years. community similarity indices will be used to group taxa on a temporal basis, and the 
axa on a temporal basis, and the groups will subsequently be analyzed as functions of selected  
of selected hydrographic parameters. we will construct coupled physical-biological model to inv 
e models emerging as the most promising will subsequently be tested and validated in manipulate 
 manipulated mesocosm experiments. this will enable us to focus the efforts in harmful algal mo 
7036 2 th america, and europe. specifically we will examine whether relationship patterns are congruen 
its common substrate trees. the results will be an important contribution to understanding dive 
12658 2 e european community , such information will be available to assist the making of non-detriment 
 guinean cites authorities. the project should also provide a contribution to the understanding 
230 1 ew of moths' morphology on global scale will be optimal for comparison: another database, arran 
2079 2  occurred in the mid-1960s. the project will analyse available long term time series of herring 
on at lower trophic levels. the project will seek a process orientated oceanographic and ecolog 
14231 1 f the vegetation cover, vegetation maps will be reconstructed. received cards veracity assessed 
2013 5 n regime in deforestation regions. this could be a result of changing global climate and becaus 
the first part of the proposed research will therefore address relations between precipitation  
hange in the future. the main objective will be to assess whether future climate enhances or di 
 several future deforestation scenarios will be presented, and the amount of co2 released will  
esented, and the amount of co2 released will be quantified using a biogeochemical model.  
2030 4 n order to test my general hypothesis i will relate plant traits of successful and non-successf 
original and new habitats. the invaders will be compared with related plant species that are no 
 furthermore, spatially explicit models will be developed to test spatio-temporal dynamics of p 
veness in the new habitats. the results will enable me to explain and predict plant invasions d 
13615 3 change the ranges of many plant species will shift from presently warm to previously cold clima 
nematodes. in greenhouse experiments, i will compare growth and plant defences between plants o 
onists to the nematodes. in addition, i will investigate if the plants exude or emit substances 
9835 2 ith models of climate change impacts. i will use black-tailed godwits, for which is there is a  
 issues. the resulting population model will then be used within a fuzzy-logic based coastal si 
10007 5 ans to investigate how the earth system will react to our projected greenhouse future. before 5 
ents are that record climate change. we will do this by looking at the magnetic properties of t 
ine foodchain, we need to know how they will respond. the research will be based at the nationa 
now how they will respond. the research will be based at the national oceanography centre, sout 
ritical intervals of climate change. we will collaborate with scripps institution of oceanograp 
13785 3         in the project proposed here, i will study host plant-pollinator-parasitoid interaction 
climate and habitat change scenarios. i will focus on pollinating insects with well known ecolo 
different habitat and climate scenarios will provide valuable information about ecosystem funct 
1105 5 mediterranean areas. the carbon balance will be studied following the dynamics of the processes 
 a simulation model of the carbon cycle will be set up simultaneously in order to evaluate the  
predicted by global circulation models, will be used both in the study of the effects on the di 
nt climate. moreover, g.i.s. technology will be used for the interpolation and the mapping of t 
ricultural technicians. project results will be widely disseminated to promote knowledge about  
10850 3 pace. single- and multi- species models will be developed for barnacles in sw england to determ 
predict responses to change. the models will include functions for space-limitation, environmen 
f sites collected over a 40-year period will be used to develop and test the models.  
13755 2 uating air temperature. sub-surface ice will focus on the effects of sub-surface ice on fish. t 
of sub-surface ice on fish. the project will also identify the channel topography that is optim 
2006 2 hange. next to data base comparison, we will analyse caco3 secreting organisms, such as corals  
ope and sr/ca analyses on these samples will provide time series on sea surface temperatures an 
7479 6 nd uncertainties, in this specific area should be raised. during the last years, much new infor 
e eu projects and research networks, we will produce a state-of-the-art overview of european re 
s and their socio-economic consequences will be produced by means of polls and questionnaires.  
f polls and questionnaires. the results will be used to identify the main issues to be addresse 
luding the socio-economic consequences, will be achieved by means of challenging and innovative 
ing platform. these outreach activities will build upon recent experience as has been gathered  
12660 2 ted regional agreements. the contractor will need to take account of this in undertaking the wo 
forward those two issues, which in turn will help cms, its subsidiary daughter agreements, thei 
2000 3 spheric carbon dioxide. climatic change could bring about changes in the biodiversity and speci 
and changes in atmospheric n deposition would affect bog ecosystems at longer time scales. on t 
rolled conditions. more specifically we will attempt:· to reconstruct the historic changes in s 
14737 2 ies are not yet available, our approach will be based on the current patterns of species distri 
esholds are achieved. these experiments will also allow the species characterisation according  
14823 1 to environmental factors. obtained data will provide a response model of p. canariensis to the  
7673 1 ehaviour impacts biodiversity. the abms will be used to prospect several scenarios of evolution 
10889 2 cles are either boreal . in this way we will improve our understanding of how hydroclimatic fac 
gh effects at the larval stage. results will be used to extend further a model developed with c 
10950 4                             chironomids will be used to estimate younger dryas summer temperatu 
 climatic gradients across scotland. we will estimate winter precipitation during the yd using  
ine altitude and summer temperature. we will investigate whether glacier retreat during the yd  
tion in snowfall or climate warming. we will compare midge-inferred july temperatures with the  
13587 4  from two large north american lakes, i will test the hypothesis that climate during late winte 
ivores from diapausing eggs. my studies will be a part of a larger three year project at the ho 
ons with effects at the ecosystem scale will benefit fundamental science. knowledge of the ecol 
d summer in lakes gained in the project will be of great importance for water quality managemen 
2056 2 e scenarios predict that arctic regions will experience the most profound changes anywhere on t 
hange in the arctic system. the project will explore the impact of climate variability on the m 
1997 8                                      we will base our study on climate induced biodiversity shi 
arge effect on aquatic biodiversity. we will review, test and apply each of these theories in t 
a mathematically inclined ph.d. student will perform time series analysis on existing long term 
 an experimentally experienced post-doc will test the generated hypotheses in microcosm experim 
odels. these two alw-funded researchers will work in a broad consortium composed both of nation 
ter management. the anticipated results will provide the first essential tools to assess the po 
e integrative approach of the programme will contribute to a better understanding of the mechan 
f sustainable management strategies. it will also contribute to a better prediction of the effe 
1999 7 ronic cosms'. the microcosm experiments will consist of a bitrophic system, phytoplankton and z 
conditions. in different experiments we will manipulate the composition of the phytoplankton or 
climatic regimes during the experiments will be tuned to the results of the time series analysi 
es cannot be studied experimentally, we will make use of an existing general lake model. we wil 
e of an existing general lake model. we will use this full-scale ecosystem model as an electron 
nal analysis with the electronic cosms' will be compared with the results obtained by time seri 
ated results of this research programme will provide the first essential tools to assess the po 
1998 7  address the question how global change will affect the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems usin 
odel analysis. the time series analysis will focus on time series of lakes in northwestern euro 
ion, and changes in disturbance regimes will affect biodiversity in these three types of models 
sity in these three types of models. we will use abstract model formulations to obtain a better 
etter qualitative understanding, and we will use the climatic variability observed in the time  
model analysis and time series analysis will be compared with experimental results obtained in  
ated results of this research programme will provide the first essential tools to assess the po 
14665 2 ility with a greater spatial resolution could be useful for all social and productive sectors.  
tations. the main goal of this research would be focused in integrating the climatic informatio 
15005 2 tude: sierra nevada and teide. the data will serve as a reference for future comparative survey 
ibuted species, samples from a transect will be taken for a comparison of individuals and/or po 
2078 3               predicted climate changes will affect nature as a whole. for a better understandi 
space. it is known that climate changes will have a strong effect on species-distribution and s 
tone and inter-ecotone species-turnover will be quantified in both time and space. the combined 
2109 7 and the efforts to quantify the changes will be large with existing survey methods. we therefor 
d future determination of resources. we will also use past vegetation and soil registrations fo 
ges from 740 to 1160 m a.s.l. the plots will be reanalysed with respect to vegetation and soil, 
egetation and soil, and the information will be included in a digital terrain model along. the  
ng. the old and the new vegetation data will be analysed with respect to changes which can be r 
uations. changes in timberline position will be analysed. these results together with other rel 
ant species composition and competition will be used combined with regclim regional climate sce 
13612 6 redictions on how future climate change will affect european biodiversity. current species dist 
tion models suggest that climate change will cause habitats to shift or contract northwards, an 
ts to shift or contract northwards, and will result in high rates of extinction for the coming  
pothesis, which states that populations will respond to changes in habitat availability by alte 
abitat tracking in european mammals. we will combine recently developed ancient dna approaches  
ime through the last 40,000 years. this will allow us to establish the tempo and mode of popula 
15565 6 redictions on how future climate change will affect european biodiversity. current species dist 
tion models suggest that climate change will cause habitats to shift or contract northwards, an 
ts to shift or contract northwards, and will result in high rates of extinction for the coming  
pothesis, which states that populations will respond to changes in habitat availability by alte 
abitat tracking in european mammals. we will combine recently developed ancient dna approaches  
ime through the last 40,000 years. this will allow us to establish the tempo and mode of popula 
6736 2 otype. to establish such an association would represent invaluable tool in risk stratification, 
lete at the moment. any new information would be valuable for the scientific community in gener 
11106 2 onal variability in community structure will be determined using terminal restriction fragment  
triction fragment length polymorphism , will also be investigated in 3 ways - in vitro measurem 
14266 1 ntal and asynchronical way. the cluster will try to structure the inter-linkages for the benefi 
12588 7 es in relation to land management. this would enable a clear picture to be gained of the curren 
hanges. furthermore, gaps in these data could then be identified and a programme of work develo 
oped to address such gaps. this project will collate these data through the use of an expert gr 
and multifaceted task. the expert group will be managed by a project manager in order to: 1. as 
iour. the main output from this project will be a brief review of uk soil carbon data sources a 
rces and shortfalls in these data. this will provide up to date evidence to policy makers in re 
ement. tasks for a second phase of work will include developing the system maps using the avail 
14958 4 sufficient living biomass. this project will build on the previous experience of the principal  
l. the systematic position of the fungi will be explored using molecular phylogenetic methods;  
ecognize different species. the project will therefore examine material of selected genera from 
ialization and cryptic speciation; this will involve comparing the phylograms of the fungi and  
10137 2  to begin with. the outcome of our work will firstly be a better understanding of the modern oc 
ht before worrying about the future. we will also make predictions about the range of changes i 
11019 2  to begin with. the outcome of our work will firstly be a better understanding of the modern oc 
ht before worrying about the future. we will also make predictions about the range of changes i 
11490 2 mber 2010 submission. in particular, it will allow us to embed the research in the ganges-brahm 
e-up of the policy recommendations that would emerge if the full proposal was funded.  
14317 2 ueling the upper levels of the food web will be highlighted. such interdisciplinary and integra 
ated effort involving multiple partners will greatly benefit from the unique experience of boye 
14318 1  developing countries program. un-redd+ will create a financial value for sustainable forest ma 
13315 1 oject we will , and national data bases will enable access to data, tools and information criti 
13823 3                                      we will test developments within the geographic mosaic the 
raits involved in the interaction. this will be done in a well-characterised host metapopulatio 
n parasite selected traits. the results will be used to support the argument that preserving/re 
14549 1 made relevant contributions finally, we will try to detect and prove adaptations in fledgling c 
14127 1 llel dna sequencing system roche gs flx will be developed too.  
11545 2 s are mutually beneficial . the project will use the recently completed fruitfly genome to give 
ression of every gene in the genome. we will test if parasites that struggle to survive in dros 
11678 2 s are mutually beneficial . the project will use the recently completed fruitfly genome to give 
ression of every gene in the genome. we will test if parasites that struggle to survive in dros 
14940 7 d ecological versatility. the main goal will be to understand the ecological and evolutionary f 
atterns within this family. firstly, we will carry out a historical reconstruction of host-para 
-switching through food webs. this task will require to build a phylogenetic tree of the polymo 
l as biogeographical data. secondly, we will address the coadaptation basis that allowed the di 
ved in the species of the polymorphidae will reflect a corresponding variability in the mode of 
iversity. for the coadaptation study we will describe, for the first time in paleoacanthocephal 
atory conditions. the evidence obtained will be put in an evolutionary context through two proc 
15583 2 ral, and multidisciplinary approach, we will ensure that our results and scenarios are embedded 
tention to the governance structure. we will enrol key stakeholders and leaders at every step o 
12715 2  in the wider countryside. this project will provide an analysis of broad scale vegetation surv 
te and lichen distribution datasets. it will correlate spatial and temporal changes to nitrogen 
13403 1 n this study local dry bean populations will be collected and characterized.  
13406 1 nd molecular characteristic of hawthorn will be determined.  
13386 3  crop of the lotus species and ecotypes will be determined. characteristics to be determined in 
eristics to be determined in this study will be used as selection criteria and genotypes suitab 
le for rangelands and/or hay production will be utilized in the continuing breeding program.  
13368 3 he west mediterranean regions of turkey will be collected and sown with other seed samples cons 
 conserved in gene bank. salvia species will be characterized using morphological characters an 
able variations inter/intra populations will be assessed.  
13578 4 e species themselves. in this project i will assess the colonization ability of forestry-sensit 
estry-sensitive species in these groups will be inferred from their patterns of occupancy on yo 
ng on young, small and isolated islands will have better chances to survive in the long term de 
lations. departing from these results i will test a number of hypotheses about how characters o 
13462 2 ng on young, small and isolated islands will have better chances to survive in the long term de 
lonizing ability of fragmented habitats will be assessed.  
15321 6 lleys of antarctica. this type of study will generate valid information on the limits of life o 
ast stages of possible life on mars. we will also characterize the biodiversity, structure and  
nvironmental factors. from our data, we will infer the role played by water vapour on the colon 
s of endolithic organisms. this project will also enable us to determine possible biosignatures 
 similarly, the investigations proposed will generate data on environmental factors that will p 
rate data on environmental factors that will provide new insight into climate change in regions 
12146 4 om a great cormorant colony. the scheme will be elaborated by including additional elements of  
ormorant colony. results of the project will show what and how rapid the changes of chemical an 
ng fungi in various parts of the colony will be examined. these data, added to the results of p 
 the results of previous investigations will be employed for making a scheme of forest ecosyste 
15339 6 s. this suggests that each insect group could see the world in different shapes and colours, a  
esources. differences in visual systems could therefore trigger resource partitioning and allow 
rnal moth, macroglossum stellatarum. we will determine the ability of these species to detect o 
trast between background and object. we will also study how these species perceive colour diffe 
differences. based on these results, we will develop and test models exploring the extent to wh 
mine under which conditions pollinators will be able to detect flowers of different sizes, shap 
15327 3 humans. we predict that climate warming will exacerbate the current effects of stressors such a 
hment and exotic invaders . our results will determine whether climate-change-related increased 
the effects of such stressors, and thus will be an essential component of conservation and mana 
9857 8 latitudes of the northeast atlantic. we will sample these with the help of our four project par 
the seasons change. to address this, we will take samples from regions where seasonal studies a 
onditions change. central to this study will be an extensive morphological investigation of she 
. from our high resolution sampling, we will be able to produce a new bioprovince distribution  
esent day northeast atlantic/arctic. we will discover whether generalist species really occupy  
ogies. finding identifiable new species will improve our understanding of how bioprovinces have 
as the seasons change their recognition would allow the exploration of seasonality in the fossi 
 in different environments confirmation will provide evidence of specific environmental conditi 
9892 8 latitudes of the northeast atlantic. we will sample these with the help of our four project par 
the seasons change. to address this, we will take samples from regions where seasonal studies a 
onditions change. central to this study will be an extensive morphological investigation of she 
. from our high resolution sampling, we will be able to produce a new bioprovince distribution  
esent day northeast atlantic/arctic. we will discover whether generalist species really occupy  
ogies. finding identifiable new species will improve our understanding of how bioprovinces have 
as the seasons change their recognition would allow the exploration of seasonality in the fossi 
 in different environments confirmation will provide evidence of specific environmental conditi 
14149 5  on the baltic sea basin, meta-analyses will be used to link our finding to more global context 
. therefore the results of this project will be generic and can be applied at least at pan-euro 
onmental planning. indicators of change will be identified and guidelines provided how they sho 
tified and guidelines provided how they should be used effectively. findings will help to resto 
ey should be used effectively. findings will help to restore good environmental status of curre 
14898 9 ese samples and results, a deeper study will be done on selected groups to solve four problemat 
 of iolana to i. iolas or i. debilitata will be studied. iolana is cataloged as under risk of e 
lveus/bellieri in the iberian peninsula will be tested and whether they are typical p. alveus a 
es or they represent an endemic species will be studied. each case, with its working program an 
fied in the following pages. this study will be innovative because it will integrate biological 
his study will be innovative because it will integrate biological, morphological, cytological a 
 necessary outgrups. more precisely, we will study the external and internal morphology, the ka 
y of four specific taxonomical problems will result in a more funded and precise estimation of  
a species in the iberian peninsula, and will represent an important improvement of our knowledg 
13976 4 te legal aspects of how policy measures should be constructed to efficiently preserve biodivers 
 benefit development of the society. we will use ecological biodiversity analysis to investigat 
reserves and boat traffic. the analysis will also consider the significance of different ecolog 
p human activities in the society. this will encompass a description of the function of present 
2150 5  of the barents sea. in this project we will explore the implications of shifting effort from b 
ed out/escape must survive. the project will mainly focus on these two first topics. in additio 
e passage of non-target pelagic species will be studied in order to evaluate if survival studie 
, the overall impact of bottom trawling will be reduced. in addition, data collected on the beh 
the capture phase of the midwater trawl will provide valuable information to assess the samplin 
11119 2 e ant-plant cordia nodosa. the approach will be to collect plant volatiles to test the extracts 
as chromatography and mass spectrometry will be used to match plant chemistry to ant behavioura 
11836 2 wing detailed anatomical description we will detect any modifications at the cellular level whi 
rous analyses, due to time constraints, will be applied to carboniferous, cretaceous and miocen 
10402 2 sed as a means by which harmful insects could be controlled. however, to plan for use of such a 
acteria involved can jump . the project will assess the extent to which these two groups have e 
10333 1 y on ecosystem functioning. the results will have implications both for the emerging fields of  
10729 3  deforestation. to address this goal, i will analyse an extensive existing dataset containing i 
a functional ecosystem. these questions will be tested with the use of analytical frameworks de 
maintaining a functional ecosystem, and will generate solid predictions that can be used for bu 
9936 3 ls of ch4 formation. this investigation will directly link methanogen and acetogen biodiversity 
eshwater, marine and estuarine habitats will be investigated by incubation of intact sediment c 
ation of anaerobic slurries. these data will be used to rigorously test the validity of a stabl 
10701 3 ls of ch4 formation. this investigation will directly link methanogen and acetogen biodiversity 
eshwater, marine and estuarine habitats will be investigated by incubation of intact sediment c 
ation of anaerobic slurries. these data will be used to rigorously test the validity of a stabl 
15252 1  under thermal stress. this information will allow to examine how close are environmental tempe 
6834 3 heir absence, presence and distribution will be studied on species, genera level. living plant  
erimental field and natural populations will serve for studying the variation of the main chemi 
 vegetation period . the data, obtained could well be used in the future too, if the plants in  
15499 7  theory and plant physiological ecology would predict the parallel evolution of another whole s 
s multiple interacting traits. here, we will use comparative ecology to identify plant strategi 
tion rates than their wild ancestors we will run three sets of experiments to address each of t 
 and litter decomposability assays, and will screen traits in a set of 30 pairs of sister speci 
nt of this proposal in a 3-years period will establish a research line that would benefit basic 
iod will establish a research line that would benefit basic ecological and evolutionary theory, 
ecological and evolutionary theory, but will also contribute technological information of high  
15403 3 atory role. thus the current vegetation could absorb the impact of the introduction of domestic 
s led to the feral domestic goat, which would be competing for the same trophic niche than the  
 between them. the information obtained will also determine which plant species may be more bro 
10195 2 ed to play a key role in speciation. we will use a uniquely appropriate technique to construct, 
ances of chromosomal rearrangements. we will also survey the genomes for duplications, and corr 
13709 3 ion in wolbachia. the four strains that will be used for genome sequencing all naturally infect 
 the wolbachia genes involved in ci and will give a better idea of evolutionary parameters. the 
ionary parameters. the proposed project will greatly influence the research field, as the mecha 
10525 9  learnt at university was that bacteria could do amazing things. they could degrade crude oil.  
 bacteria could do amazing things. they could degrade crude oil. they could live in hot springs 
ngs. they could degrade crude oil. they could live in hot springs, or places with extreme salt  
 with extreme salt concentrations. they could adapt to virtually everything, and make a living  
quenced previously. in this project, we will sequence arsenophonus triatominarum, a bacterium t 
it is a beneficial passenger. first, we will complete the genome sequence of a. triatominarum,  
aft genome in just one or two weeks. we will then compare its genome to a. nasoniae. this compa 
 genome to a. nasoniae. this comparison will immediately highlight genes of importance. genes t 
the genome sequence of a. triatominarum will also be of direct interest, as its host-the bug tr 
15233 2 f representative strains in the species will allow the understanding of the acquisition mechani 
ady available in the genus pseudomonas, will greatly increase our knowledge on the evolution of 
14220 4  to previous studies in the tropics, we will supplement our time series data with studies of sp 
cal butterflies as the model system, we will test major hypotheses on what factors predominate  
rest in uganda. proposed practical work will include the monitoring of populations of sixty spe 
n properties of butterfly species. this would add significantly to our understanding of life hi 
14131 1 c data from multiple codistributed taxa could help provide answers to fundamental questions con 
14813 4 ead out over their area of distribution will be studied. the chosen markers are cpssr since the 
amples of each different sized fragment will be sequenced. in order to know whether differences 
city of seeds and plant survival, tests will be conducted under homogeneous conditions with mat 
h species. with the results obtained we will try to know if the phylogeographic patterns of the 
6913 4 and plant organ levels. the experiments will take the form of bi- and multifactorial small-plot 
 in agronomic responses. great emphasis will be placed in the present project on ecophysiologic 
ic cooperation with prof. roderick hunt will play an important part in the ecophysiological stu 
rowth analysis. three junior scientists will be working for their phds within the framework of  
10008 5 ition of centipede venoms. this project will take a genetic approach, and will characterize the 
oject will take a genetic approach, and will characterize the toxin profiles from the venoms of 
es, up to half a million mrna sequences will be characterized. these precursor molecules are th 
 centipedes the answer to this question will be the basis for answering the other questions. do 
s not found in other groups. this study will allow us to see how many venom components in centi 
15137 3 out over their whole distribution area, would be studied. the chosen markers are cpssr given th 
amples of each different sized fragment will be sequenced. a second marker, such as intron or c 
loroplast intergenic spacers sequences, would be used for those species with complex results. t 
10792 1 blocks during high sea-level stands. we will also compare the nature of the deep-sea sedimentar 
11569 1 blocks during high sea-level stands. we will also compare the nature of the deep-sea sedimentar 
7662 1 nts. the lesions of the most stable DNA will be determined in the laboratory and in situ. the d 
2478 5 the us and the north sea off norway. we will apply four different modeling approaches and compa 
 model. for the two former models there will be very little developments needed, but the atlant 
g an atlantis model for the barents sea will be a major part of the project. ecosystem indicato 
rtant characteristics of the system. we will use indicators 1 for comparing models and ecosyste 
rmance against observations. indicators will therefore be the key metric for comparison between 
10091 3  to assess their relative merits. these will be oligonucleotide probing of extracted dna, fluor 
n and detection limits of these methods will be determined using an artificial mixture of targe 
sts, including lab-time and ease of use will be assessed in the final analysis and the best met 
12617 3 e truer picture of events. this project will provide an independent evaluation of the findings  
comprehensive in the world, the results will be of great interest nationally and internationall 
nternationally. in addition the results will inform the debate around soil protection for other 
10595 1 has long been accepted that individuals should behave more altruistically, and less competitive 
14656 2  all these factors interact, this study will be carried out in agricultural zones at low altitu 
 in specific and geographical gradients will allow the analysis of the parameters, such as the  
2004 2                                      we will study diversity changes in terrestrial pollen asse 
ulti-taxa systems. parallel to this, we will analyze the same diversity changes as function of  
12685 2                            this project will provide an assessment of the level of compliance w 
ble methods. the results of the project would be used to inform defra ministers about whether t 
11302 5 crowns are situated. theoretically they should access these slender branches either by suspendi 
d elucidating its ecology and mechanics will aid interpretation of the miocene fossil record an 
ringy running tracks. to study these we will use a relatively new technique in gait analysis, u 
a on muscle activity and mechanics this will allow us to obtain a complete picture of internal  
transfer during arboreal bipedality. we will also complement these data with computer modeling  
11309 5 crowns are situated. theoretically they should access these slender branches either by suspendi 
d elucidating its ecology and mechanics will aid interpretation of the miocene fossil record an 
ringy running tracks. to study these we will use a relatively new technique in gait analysis, u 
a on muscle activity and mechanics this will allow us to obtain a complete picture of internal  
transfer during arboreal bipedality. we will also complement these data with computer modeling  
11831 5 crowns are situated. theoretically they should access these slender branches either by suspendi 
d elucidating its ecology and mechanics will aid interpretation of the miocene fossil record an 
ringy running tracks. to study these we will use a relatively new technique in gait analysis, u 
a on muscle activity and mechanics this will allow us to obtain a complete picture of internal  
transfer during arboreal bipedality. we will also complement these data with computer modeling  
10181 8                              this study will focus on a model species for behavioural and ecolo 
here by using dna profiling, this study will accurately determine the genetic advantages, in te 
alternative behaviours. additionally we will find out whether these behaviours are totally flex 
st anglia, where the laboratory studies will be carried out and from where the project will be  
 carried out and from where the project will be managed, with the universities of groningen in  
y. the uk-funded element of the project will cost £260k, with a comparable contribution to cove 
the netherlands government. the project will make a significant contribution to our understandi 
l to our understanding of how organisms will cope with our rapidly changing environment - eithe 
11764 5 finally, the evolution of these systems will be investigated by combining this anatomical and f 
rent ornithischian groups. this project will represent a benchmark for studies on dinosaur loco 
 for studies on dinosaur locomotion and will showcase a set of biomechanical techniques pioneer 
axa, but which are not widely known. it will provide results of direct relevance to workers on  
aeobiology and evolutionary biology and will be of broad interest not only to life scientists,  
11653 4 nstruction and visualisation techniques will be used to investigate the internal structure of t 
gion and the structure of the inner ear will provide a wealth of new character information to t 
s for significant fossil bird specimens will be acquired to provide a comparative morphological 
 the discrete nature of the project, it will make available new and important underpinning data 
517 2 eforms of the cap explicitly identified will enable us to develop consistency between rationali 
nd areas. the research question that we will deal with co  
10563 3 e the degree of skew experimentally. we will carry out the first experiment of this kind large- 
ess and the kin structure of the group, will enable us to measure the costs of co-breeding, det 
tive conflict. moreover, our experiment will test for the first time the direction of causality 
11690 3 e the degree of skew experimentally. we will carry out the first experiment of this kind large- 
ess and the kin structure of the group, will enable us to measure the costs of co-breeding, det 
tive conflict. moreover, our experiment will test for the first time the direction of causality 
11435 5 tive workers, or workers as a whole. we will test hypothesis 2 by using the same techniques to  
nance battles with resident workers. we will also measure the frequency of reproductive drifter 
answered research questions. its impact will be broad because of the fundamental nature of the  
n, and the possibility that the results will cause a reassessment of long-standing concepts. it 
ssessment of long-standing concepts. it should advance considerably our understanding of the ev 
10235 1 ler partner , using a new approach that should help us to understand not only these, but perhap 
10834 1 ler partner , using a new approach that should help us to understand not only these, but perhap 
11251 1 ler partner , using a new approach that should help us to understand not only these, but perhap 
7490 4 sulting ecosystem services. soilservice will value soil biodiversity through the impact on ecos 
e granted through payments. soilservice will combine interdisciplinary empirical studies and so 
 pests or invasive species. soilservice will link ecological and economic models to develop a s 
odiversity. field and modelling studies will determine to what spatial and temporal scales soil 
15240 2 lection theory suggests that the larvae should prefer to develop into fertile queens while adul 
 research suggests the expected results will be published in first rank multidisciplinary journ 
13337 9 rst component comprises wps 1 – 5 which will provide a one-stop, community-enabled web portal,  
web portal design and construction. wp2 will provide databases on academics and professional en 
an species of conservation concern. wp3 will provide a simulation tool for biodiversity manager 
hich may result in genetic erosion. wp4 will provide a decision matrix module to allow end-user 
etic data which have been produced. wp5 will provide a knowledge pack and information leaflets, 
ion meeting in eastern europe. congress will integrate and enhance these work packages by using 
 discuss the contents of the portal and will be guided by an end-user advisory group, who will  
ided by an end-user advisory group, who will oversee the development of these tools and ensure  
ure their utility for the community who will benefit from them.  
15241 2 eir dynamics and/or health. such impact will depend on the residence time of herbivores on the  
he results of this proposal, if funded, will contribute to a more holistic view of coastal wate 
10279 2 ularis throughout the caribbean sea and will compare the observed patterns of gene flow to pred 
connectivity. insight from this project will also support on-going activities to model the meta 
10267 11 from each other. plants in a population will, for example, differ in size and start flowering a 
f parasite infects a host population it will be those individuals with the genes and gene varia 
r reduce this particular infection that will be most likely to survive and reproduce. as many p 
on of different genes and gene variants will have the higher chance of withstanding a new infec 
 function at high temperatures, then it will mean a functional decrease in genetic variation fo 
uch genome-environment interactions. it will do this by measuring genetic variation in parasite 
o understand how a temperature increase will change the ability of host populations to adapt to 
apt to new parasites - and whether this will vary with the type of infection. the results will  
with the type of infection. the results will be important for our ability to predict the spread 
 environmental conditions. the research will therefore have immediate application in wildlife m 
ildlife management and conservation. it will also provide essential knowledge to crop managers  
10185 3 gence between the sexes and populations should be promoted. recent studies have provided some s 
ity. using these twelve populations, we will elucidate how sexual selection changes the genetic 
s of these changes. this powerful study will provide unprecedented data on how sexual selection 
13879 4 pollination services to agriculture and should be a focus group for conservation. recent declin 
ecies richness and population densities will be investigated. the focus will be on how spatial  
nsities will be investigated. the focus will be on how spatial and temporal availability of nec 
cess and population growth. the results will be used to propose measures to maintain viable pop 
14947 1 onmental parameters. in this project we will deal with two types of consequences of the mating  
7213 2                        field approaches will produce a management plan for the areas studied. t 
he status of the brown lemur of mayotte could then be cleared  
14752 3 ish populations. the aims of this study will have, therefore, two aims. first, to make a comple 
t of view. on the other hand, the study will be focused in analyzing, with molecular, morphomet 
pulations of each stream. therefore, we will try to evaluate, following a multidisciplinary way 
7220 2  country and island or group of islands will include an analysis of environmental costs and ben 
ns and transfer and training activities will lead to an integrated conservation and management  
13751 1 ming decoupled from habitat suitability will be very valuable for proper management and conserv 
14897 1 ionary potential, although each species should be studied differently. the project plans the mo 
2159 1 onservation covenants. this nfr project will finance the research aspects, not the implementati 
7471 9 first component comprises wps 1 5 which will provide a one-stop, community-enabled web portal,  
web portal design and construction. wp2 will provide databases on academics and professional en 
an species of conservation concern. wp3 will provide a simulation tool for biodiversity manager 
hich may result in genetic erosion. wp4 will provide a decision matrix module to allow end-user 
etic data which have been produced. wp5 will provide a knowledge pack and information leaflets, 
ion meeting in eastern europe. congress will integrate and enhance these work packages by using 
 discuss the contents of the portal and will be guided by an end-user advisory group, who will  
ided by an end-user advisory group, who will oversee the development of these tools and ensure  
ure their utility for the community who will benefit from them  
6942 1  in europe, the outcomes of the project will be applicable in practical conservation biology as 
13529 3 it is largely unclear how such programs should be designed. this research program aims at produ 
enotypic data and a breeding experiment will be used for assessment of population structure, mo 
 effective population size. the results will provide practical guidelines for conservation and  
225 1 s consist of differentiated populations will be used. the results have direct conservation valu 
9916 2  . in order to refine this analysis, we will use microsatellite markers to describe genetic str 
ithin and among african populations. we will analyse eight microsatellite loci in 503 samples t 
14829 2  during the last century of decline. we will evaluate different historical and management scena 
 that include genetic tags. finally, we will contrast the population dynamics inferred from the 
14945 2 swiss populations of graellsia isabelae will allow us to identify which units should be focus o 
e will allow us to identify which units should be focus of a higher degree of protection, as fr 
14515 2 on diet composition in an annual basis, will permit the detection of environmental alterations  
te program of cooperation, this project will allow the instruction of tunisian scientists in or 
6962 2 applicant anticipates that this project will generate at least two peer-reviewed papers, togeth 
 group at university of reading, and he would like to participate in the intensive course in mo 
6959 3  pannonian ecoregion. genetic diversity will be assessed by means of different molecular geneti 
s. the expected results of this project will reveal the genetic diversity of selected endemic p 
e in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems will be possible. these results can provide support to  
7711 1 , to highlight what type of agriculture would be promoted to maximize the production of public  
14654 2 xperiments with the cuckoo and its host will take place in their natural habitat, and those wit 
tailed whydah and the estrildid finches will be carried out in captivity.  
2526 3 timization. the completion of all steps will realize a fully functioning ecosystem simulation a 
uncertainty and variability. the system will be openly available for use by scientists and envi 
nstruction. to construct the system, we will establish an integrated modeling framework at the  
7103 2 ion and analysis of a document base, we will offer a comprehensive presentation of the politica 
lf populations in france. such analysis will also allow to inventory and highlight the"branches 
12294 1 g extent of the voluntary measures that will be carried out in the autumn with respect to possi 
10436 9 source-rich habitat. the proposed study will experimentally deplete and redistribute habitat fo 
e in the management of pest species. we will explore consumer responses to depletion and redist 
d emigration from rock slabs. the study will simultaneously manipulate the amounts of available 
 population densities. a portable drill will be used to create refuges on natural rock slabs, a 
n natural rock slabs, and cement filler will be used to fill in existing refuges. an electric t 
xisting refuges. an electric toothbrush will be used to clean algal films from foraging areas a 
fuge sites, and watering with nutrients will increase the available food in test areas. we will 
se the available food in test areas. we will monitor the responses of the snails to replicated  
ns and densities of refuge and food. we will record changes to snail densities at the populatio 
2014 1  and seedling establishment. finally, i will model dispersal and predation to explore how conta 
12611 21 not be suitable to their use. the study will include describing the advantages and disadvantage 
the barriers to their use. the research will assess the use of less impactful, passive ways of  
not used for a sensitive activity. this will benefit defra which is looking to encourage smarte 
on solutions to be used in practice and will help industry to identify all the options rather t 
 impacts. a number of different methods will be used to collect data on the current and histori 
s. it is expected that this information will enable the identification and evaluation of the dr 
 future technology trends. the research will investigate remediation techniques that may still  
sts or wider environmental impacts they could bring. this will be useful for identifying areas  
onmental impacts they could bring. this will be useful for identifying areas for potential furt 
 also attract investment, both of which will be of benefit to uk plc. an assessment of the envi 
 benefits of each remediation technique will be carried out and presented in the form of a simp 
typical costs of remediation techniques will be conducted. this will include direct costs and w 
tion techniques will be conducted. this will include direct costs and wider economic impacts an 
d benefits. understanding these aspects will benefit defra, which is keen to promote the use of 
able remediation wherever possible, and will provide industry with important knowledge at a tim 
ery agenda. two industry questionnaires will be prepared, one for remediation technology provid 
ine web based surveying tool. questions will be included in the questionnaires in order to elic 
 through the planned questionnaires, it will be possible to ascertain what currently drives tec 
 likely future trends. this information will be of benefit to both defra and industry as a whol 
oth defra and industry as a whole as it will give an indication of the state of the industry as 
m the recent downturn. a summary report will be produced on the findings of the work and dissem 
10622 4 fspring depends on its sex then parents should invest different amounts in the two sexes. there 
f chicks they rear, at the same time we will alter the ratio of male:female chicks in the brood 
f male:female chicks in the brood. this will allow us to measure how much effort parents are wi 
offspring under different workloads. we will also be able to identify if male and female parent 
11027 1 cene decline. this essential background will help guide further study of the local-scale detail 
12248 10 s joint project by adas and hri-warwick will follow on from and compliment two previous project 
n integrated farm management objectives will be presented in the form of a matrix, scoring each 
mpact on achieving ees objectives. this will highlight where there is a need for greater uptake 
ed techniques to be developed. the work will concentrate on identifying where ifm can lead to b 
the ees objectives are identified these will be supported by specific text. this will indicate  
ill be supported by specific text. this will indicate the nature of the conflict and examine th 
ve relationships are identified changes will be suggested that could be made to the ifm techniq 
entified changes will be suggested that could be made to the ifm technique to achieve a more po 
 to achieve a more positive outcome. we will identify where we think there may be scope to deve 
ent might be measured. the final report will also contain, in part, an update of the report a r 
10404 8 -rich limestone grassland. moreover, we will additionally determine whether this occurs via int 
 physical and chemical properties. this will be achieved by using a series of mesocosms in whic 
the variation that occurs in nature. we will measure the carbon content of soil in a number of  
 from the soil surface. in addition, we will supply plants with a pulse of 13co2 - a natural an 
bon that plants allocate to soils. this will enable us to gain a more mechanistic understanding 
ity regulates carbon turnover. the data will be analysed alongside the comprehensive datasets o 
in regulating carbon turnover. the work will further our understanding of the components of bio 
soil factors that may regulate this. it will also provide a basis on which to develop conservat 
7534 2 v musa collection of cirad - guadeloupe will face that obtained from neutral molecular markers  
termine their congruence. this work and will develop a new approach to research existing affili 
7578 1 for the species. schmitti these markers could also be used in aquaculture for selection process 
7381 3 ic diversity of maize and its evolution will be evaluated through the ssap markers on a collect 
tion to the creation of new variability will be studied in the offspring of a homozygous line.  
zygous line. discriminating the markers will be sequenced and used to search gene / regulatory  
12714 6 c lead is helena pavese and the project will be managed for defra by the sustainable developmen 
based in the embassy in brasilia. there will be a steering group which defra will sit on. the p 
re will be a steering group which defra will sit on. the project aims to assess the contributio 
inable development agenda. this project will enable the brazilian government to understand the  
ain activities involved in this project will be to review existing national and international a 
ted areas make to the brazilian economy will help to ensure that all benefits arisen from these 
12711 2 ems and biodiversity. teeb runs to 2010 will estimate the value of ecosystem services and produ 
mn 2009 and 2010. the proposed research will assess the implications of the report recommendati 
14639 1               in the present project we will study, from a proteomic perspective, the host-para 
12720 1 untries in the uk. condition assessment will be based on a stratified sample of woodlands taken 
15224 3  infer the occurrence of scenarios that could involve the emergence or reemergence of cycles ac 
 in addition, molecular techniques that will be included, given the well known advantages provi 
of life cycles . in this connection, it will generate a bio-ecological and functional classific 
14888 3 quent cause of rhinoconjuctvitis and we will try to establish the correlation degree between th 
egree between them. at the same time we will study by scanning electronic microscope the pollen 
ctionated with the cyclone. finally, we will be able to establish comparisons with the results  
15483 8 ing in non breeding subordinates, which would theoretically expected to leave and to breed inde 
oup in the last few years. this project will combine data collected both in the field and in av 
aviary. with controlled experiments, we will investigate whether cooperation prevails over comp 
ial life in the crows. specifically, we will test whether factors like kinship, social affiliat 
about possible dangers. in addition, we will investigate whether social facilitation can help i 
e on helping behaviour in this species, will help to explain the stability of cooperatively bre 
y of cooperatively breeding groups, and will shed light on the function of each member in diffe 
 contexts of group living. this project will be pivotal in building a bridge between research o 
11322 1 ths of age. as the key aims of the work will use much of the same hormonal and behavioural data 
11144 11 r selfish behaviour because individuals should seek to maximise their own reproductive success  
 inevitably conflict over how hard each should work: every individual would like others to work 
hard each should work: every individual would like others to work harder and to do less themsel 
in social groups, cooperative behaviour will be vulnerable to exploitation by selfish individua 
ups composed of cooperating individuals should out-compete groups of selfish individuals, but s 
and avoid a tragedy of the commons that would result in social collapse this study will first d 
ld result in social collapse this study will first determine the individual contributions made  
ostly. the function of the public goods will also be quantified by relating the thermoregulator 
nally, and most importantly, this study will use field observations and experiments to test whe 
ject s objectives achievable. the study will be conducted on an established study population of 
cal systems, the findings of this study will have broad relevance across a wide range of discip 
10315 10 t includes vast reserves of krill which could potentially replace dwindling fish catches elsewh 
ivities addressing the second objective will be based around two scientific workshops. the firs 
und two scientific workshops. the first will mainly be coordinated and funded through internati 
national partners on behalf of iced. it will assess the state of knowledge on environmental cha 
r which we are requesting part funding, will evaluate the results of ongoing efforts to predict 
might change in future. these workshops should lead to high impact academic outputs. together w 
 associated activities within iced they will help to ensure that the southern ocean ecosystem s 
aintain momentum. the requested funding will allow nerc to take a lead role in implementing the 
ributions. the activities outlined here will strengthen and facilitate the international collab 
imate and biogeochemical research. this will ensure progress towards an integrated, understandi 
7453 2  community. establishing this community will encourage greater inter-disciplinarity and increas 
g knowledge of extreme environments. it will provide a target for young career scientists and a 
10978 3 ton mortality to determining sex ratios will be developed. combined with global field sex ratio 
mbined with global field sex ratios, we will make predictions of the relative control of food a 
redators. an optimal life-history model will be developed in order for us to examine difference 
11429 3 ton mortality to determining sex ratios will be developed. combined with global field sex ratio 
mbined with global field sex ratios, we will make predictions of the relative control of food a 
redators. an optimal life-history model will be developed in order for us to examine difference 
13821 2 cting that the advantage of familiarity will increase with the complexity of the foraging task. 
ict that fish reared in simple habitats will show reduced brain development, lower capacity to  
11587 4 . in this interdisciplinary approach we will combine the continuous physical and biological oce 
 biological oceanographic features that will be studied in the oceans2025 program with the addi 
. with these combined data products, we will identify and define the characteristics of these s 
edator-prey interactions. this research will greatly enhance the type of mechanistic understand 
2483 5 and reproductive isolation. our project will test these ideas, by integrating field studies, la 
es and biodiversity. field and lab work will be conducted at lizard island research station, au 
is as a model species. comparative work will be based on data collected by team-members and on  
a, covering several reef fish taxa, and will have its base at imperial college, uk. the project 
se at imperial college, uk. the project will recruit a post-doc to norwegian evolutionary and b 
10653 2  quantitative method for dna sequencing will be used to test for these differences in dna of di 
 in dna of different groups. the method will demonstrate a more widely applicable approach on h 
11274 2 y structures . in addition, the project will provide a large amount of new anatomical informati 
ars of living reptiles and birds, which will be of great value to auditory biologists, zoologis 
10073 3 sic research and training. the research will be based in state-of -the-art facilities at univer 
lities at university college london. it will involve large-scale tests of the effect on longevi 
al and international scale. the outputs will be high quality, basic research, dissemination of  
10635 1 lth and fitness. if funded, the project would be conducted at the institute of biological and l 
10229 3 andicaps imposed by hatching asynchrony should conditions improve environment through compensat 
pensatory resource allocation this work will highlight key selection pressures and will assess  
l highlight key selection pressures and will assess plasticity of responses to changes in envir 
178 1                        the project aims could be divided into two major subareas: 1. questions  
11436 1 ost nutrients, and hence that any costs will be revealed only under conditions of food-stress.  
12598 3 ts. the data to address these questions will be obtained via a series of structured interviews  
. three key sectors within the industry will be approached: growing media manufacturers, retail 
he information generated by the project will be used in the horticultural use of peat work stra 
12667 2 methods of data collection and analysis will be developed and applied. the study will include a 
ill be developed and applied. the study will include a scientific assessment of the changes occ 
10042 2 t, then many components of biodiversity should be sustainable. to date, there have been few dem 
 process-based approach to conservation will only work if two conditions are met. firstly, that 
10726 7  for evolution. the study proposed here will reveal new information about the ecology and evolu 
 relates to its function. deducing this would inform on its feeding behaviour, ecology and the  
ers matter the most. because of this, i will verify the accuracy of fea first. i will load a de 
ill verify the accuracy of fea first. i will load a dead, defleshed ostrich skull with carefull 
d experimentally measure bone strain. i will measure the elasticity of cranial bone, force exer 
uct the ostrich skull in fe-software. i will then apply the same loads to the fe-model and quan 
scle force in a sensitivity analysis, i will see which parameters influence model results the m 
7495 4 nal and european levels. the collection will initially focus on all the strains already isolate 
to more than 40 different serotypes. it will be enlarged by isolating other marine strains with 
iginal conservation methods. a database will be set up. marine strains will be characterized fu 
database will be set up. marine strains will be characterized functionally particular by studyi 
14427 3 ies in bulgaria. initially, the network shall be comprised by a larger central facility with th 
 all partners and outside institutions, shall give bulgarian researchers from medical, veterina 
riments. further if funded this project shall bring the animal facilities at three major univer 
10508 1 ens kew and imperial college london. we will transfer to the web the taxonomies of two medium-s 
10509 1 ens kew and imperial college london. we will transfer to the web the taxonomies of two medium-s 
10706 1 ens kew and imperial college london. we will transfer to the web the taxonomies of two medium-s 
11007 1 ens kew and imperial college london. we will transfer to the web the taxonomies of two medium-s 
515 5 and the analysis of public policies. we will broach the processes of policy, science and techni 
the analysis of a documentary basis, we will offer an understandable presentation of the implem 
t in france. moreover, such an analysis will make it possible to do an inventory and bring out  
icy of wolf population management. this will be used as ethnographic analysis in order to produ 
 valorisation ad hoc of knowledge. this will be done through work on the interaction between ou 
229 1 maticians and postgraduate students. it will find use in the new target-financed project, in in 
13864 5                             the project will establish a scientific basis for choosing a replac 
rface waters. three evaluation criteria will be employed: 1. suitability of the assessments too 
plying each method the proposed project would look at four alternative assessment methods. two  
nt systems based on all four approaches will be created and then evaluated in assessments of se 
kes and watercourses. the final product will be design criteria as well as expected performance 
11455 4 zonations in these most ancient pebbles could reflect evidence for ancient, bacteria-like, meta 
etting some 3500 ma years ago. our work will therefore help to test the approaches needed for l 
ferous silica at 3500 ma, if confirmed, would point to early life s involvement in rock weather 
es of bacterial metabolism, if present, will also have major implications for biosphere evoluti 
10787 3  avium subspecies paratuberculosis . we will develop a quantitative pcr method specifically for 
ifically for the detection of map which will be robust and applicable to all aspects of our env 
spects of our environmental model. this will be supported by culture and the comparative genomi 
11300 3  avium subspecies paratuberculosis . we will develop a quantitative pcr method specifically for 
ifically for the detection of map which will be robust and applicable to all aspects of our env 
spects of our environmental model. this will be supported by culture and the comparative genomi 
6895 1 f eliciting a cross-protective immunity would be selected and further investigated as live vacc 
444 1 hat more holistic conservation planning should be more effective in human-degraded landscapes t 
7160 4 , urban densification ... this approach will be complemented by a collection of ornithological  
ird populations and land use structures will make projections to assess the effects on biodiver 
of these diachronic and synchronic data will measure the impact of urbanization in both time an 
 development. the same type of approach will be used for the agricultural community, foresters, 
11036 6  which countries have the most oil, you would undoubtedly answer with the name of one of the la 
n we have this information the benefits will be several fold. firstly we can begin to assess th 
oleum biodegradation may be avoided. it will also prove valuable for understanding what control 
not be recovered by conventional means, could be converted to more readily recoverable methane  
 recoverable methane gas. this research will tell us what organisms are capable of methanogenic 
controls their activity. in addition we will learn how quickly they can convert oil to methane  
11337 3 k on environmental and behavioural cues will be in association with parks australia. the projec 
to field ecology. the molecular biology will be related through field work to the natural circu 
iaison with national parks this project will continue our input into this process.  
10138 1 y wireless sensors . research conducted will provide a springboard for a subsequent nerc/epsrc  
7549 3 n shown but cryopreservation techniques will be improved to allow their use in routine. . the e 
. the effectiveness of these techniques will be compared with that of the apex vitroplants cryo 
microtubers which na yet been realized, will be tested  
14950 1 us arctos in the world. germplasm banks could be a solution for species survival and, related t 
7539 1 lth status of the material. finally, we will remain some of the variability of response paramet 
9867 5 : it tricks other species of birds , we will compare defences at sites with and without cuckoos 
s with and without cuckoos. experiments will also test whether naïve, young reed warblers can l 
f experienced neighbours. this research will improve our understanding of co-evolutionary proce 
ion influence those at other stages. it will also enhance our understanding of how individuals  
rapidly to environmental change. and it will add to our knowledge of the cuckoo, one of the ico 
10593 3 through experience, how best to beg. we will study the begging calls from hatching to test whet 
n, by trial and error, which to use. we will also do experiments in which we broadcast various  
s fine-tune their responses by learning will help us to understand how rapidly enemies can adap 
10059 5 ject the cuckoo egg. in this project we will investigate the genetics underlying a key counter- 
oci for the coloration difference which will be confirmed in future research. in addition to co 
o colour locus identification, the work will produce the first large scale genomic resources in 
nomic resources in a cuckoo species and will thus be of great use to the considerable community 
onary biologists working on cuckoos. we will also be able to identify potential candidate loci  
2473 2 ltivation of those plants. the research will focus on the conditions necessary for cultivating  
ructural studies coupled with bioassays will be performed in order to pinpoint the bioactive si 
11387 1 t and design options. a risk assessment will be made relating to the spreading of non-native sp 
2116 4 o support local resolutions, the models will be applicable for corresponding systems, hence giv 
nd broad perspective. in the project we will compare the vulnerability of agriculture to goose  
and cultural landscapes. furthermore we will evaluate the attitudes to the problems of geese gr 
s in the cultural landscape. finally we will merge the findings in innovative solution models b 
2542 7  anthropogenic or natural - the project will provide in-depth analysis that will contribute to  
ect will provide in-depth analysis that will contribute to an enhanced appreciation of the comp 
t-observation, anthropological research will be undertaken in a range of settings from fishing  
 change and its effects. such knowledge will contribute to more informed future policy decision 
decisions. the common analytic approach will address a number of central issues in recent debat 
he definition of community. the project will emphasise the linkage between local communities an 
arious actors. four analytical premises will be used in all cases: perception - how people perc 
12202 1 rogramme the national fruit collections will continue to play an active role in national and in 
15056 1 hree different ways of characterization could be very useful to clarify the taxonomy of certain 
9908 1 of baltic sea water. in this project we will use a variety of molecular methodologies to assess 
12143 1 ceptibility and palaeobotanical studies will be applied to establish the cyclicity and dynamics 
14961 2 the previous experience of the team, we will also prepare a database on genome size in the aste 
on genome size in the asteraceae, which will be a good complement to other databases, such as t 
14962 2 the previous experience of the team, we will also prepare a database on genome size in the aste 
on genome size in the asteraceae, which will be a good complement to other databases, such as t 
13792 2                            this project will investigate the interactions between the mitochond 
clear genomic divergence. this research will provide a fundamental contribution to understandin 
13316 5 initial introduction. such a programmes should provide: a warning system to alert regional mana 
 response to these requirements, daisie will deliver a european one-stop-shop for information o 
n on biological invasions in europe. it will bring together: the european alien species experti 
vironmental or economic impacts. daisie will be a pivotal instrument in developing a europe-wid 
er and terrestrial environments. daisie will address the need for a regional network of invasiv 
12452 2 es ago indicated that fishing mortality should be reduced on nephrops and increased on cod to m 
rops. using detailed data, this project will attempt to provide more accurate predictions with  
10304 3 o wrap these tools into a pipeline that will allow us to analyse rapidly the large amounts of d 
s is an efficient use of resources that will lead to additional peer-reviewed papers from these 
e projects. the methods that we develop will also help other researchers within the nerc commun 
11038 1 the asteraceae research community. this will add around 11,000 sequences to the existing astera 
10947 5  phenotypic plasticity of muscle growth will be investigated in relation to temperature in the  
ing approach. bioinformatics techniques will be used to mine sequence information from the geno 
owth in mammals. computational analysis will be applied to interrogate gene promoter regions to 
red from embryo/larval and adult stages will be used to identify candidate genes involved in mu 
ssion patterns of novel and known genes will be investigated using competitive pcr and in situ  
12253 8  tool. data that are currently private, will be included as they are made available. there will 
luded as they are made available. there will be a simple process for uploading data operated by 
the researchers themselves. the website will be searchable so that selected data/documents can  
an be downloaded or viewed. the website will be designed to be large enough to accomodate large 
as new information is added. the system will be akin to an extranet that will be maintained by  
system will be akin to an extranet that will be maintained by adas but with appropriate links t 
sites. development of the data resource will meet the requirement for transparency of the resea 
ch information that underpins rb209 but will also make existing data more readily known and ava 
12237 4  of robust data resources. this project will continue elements of the output from project ar050 
ilseed rape. the monitoring initiatives will be continued within the current project in order t 
thought to be unconnected. this project will provide the only impartial and statistically robus 
 research and policy needs this project will continue existing collaborations with a wide range 
12427 8 ed ospar beach litter monitoring manual will ensure the collection and recording of high qualit 
ar beaches 4 times a year. the training will provide a high standard of data collection, the de 
tion, the development of a new database will make uploading the data faster and easier, will en 
e uploading the data faster and easier, will ensure medin compliance and has a clear methodolog 
 ospar and eu requirements. the results will feed into developing a baseline of marine litter r 
 work outside of government and project will enable the mcs to carry out data collection indepe 
 independently, to a higher quality and will make this data available for use by feeding into t 
pected that the results of this project will deliver for the reporting lifetime of the msfd to  
11150 2 olithic sites in continental europe. we will date 300 well-contexted and carefully selected bon 
of reliable archaeological chronologies will contribute to the resolution of many intractable p 
10083 1 e check on reliability. once proven, we will apply it to dating bones from sites selected for t 
10302 6 upper palaeolithic record. this project will redress this situation by producing one of the lar 
ngs, the iberian peninsula. the results will considerably improve our understanding of the dist 
erent styles can be built up. this data will provide the basis by which we will understand how  
data will provide the basis by which we will understand how and when rock art first came about  
thern france and the rest of europe. we will investigate whether the appearance and subsequent  
ed by marine sediment and ice cores. we will compare the frequency and date of the rock art to  
9928 2 p fossils to date this radiation, which will then allow us to explore the possible evolutionary 
 but sampling is incomplete. this grant will support sequencing of genes for key taxa.  
11681 1 an evolution in africa, and the methods will be refined to maximize the scientific information  
10172 1 c staining and solid-state spectroscopy will be used to determine the decay rates of pollen of  
11080 8  their genome sequence. for example, it would be interesting to know whether our own ancestors  
w limited by theory rather than data. i will develop new statistical methods that allow us to e 
xactly from genomic data. these methods will be applied to genomic data from three island speci 
ce has been. the new statistical method will allow me to compare the history of speciation in t 
systems in a number of ways. firstly, i will ask whether species on islands closer to the mainl 
es than those further away. secondly, i will test if divergence differs between different regio 
ecies-specific or universal. finally, i will investigate whether genes known to be responsible  
rent patterns of divergence alone. this would make it possible to identify such genes in other  
10646 3 e event boundaries. an important result will be the timing of the holocene onset in lake suiget 
by radiocarbon. lake suigetsu, however, will be dated by radiocarbon using a large number of te 
nual layers in the sediment.the results will be of significant interest and benefit to the scie 
13856 4  in life and changes in predation rates should potentially exert a strong influence on bird num 
man disturbance of natural environments could disrupt the fecundity-mortality balance of many s 
ain to be understood. in this project i will focus on the role of human-induced reductions in t 
al in parus species. in this context, i will explore the effect of life history traits on the a 
11823 6 eria. our interpretation of the fossils will be aided by analysis using a high resolution versi 
g the interpretation of the fossils. we will determine the basis of these chemical differences  
me geological layers. these experiments will be conducted to better understand known fossil emb 
tist in the field of fossil embryos. we will also undertake rotting experiments to understand t 
tructures in animal embryos. these data will be used to guide our interpretation of the biologi 
 relatives. collectively, these answers will reveal the role of embryological evolution in one  
1993 6 or successful reproduction and growth 2 could projected climate warming invalidate the use of t 
nd small-scale flow through systems. we will complement these experiments with model analyses o 
odels on algae-zooplankton interactions will be extended to include planktivorous fish-zooplank 
us fish-zooplankton interactions. as we will be working with realistic climate scenarios of the 
of the knmi, the outcome of our studies will be useful for decision makers, as it contributes t 
. the anticipated results of this study will be well-founded predictions on the risk of cascadi 
7302 1 ase across the entire french polynesia, will allow a more accurate assessment of the role of in 
12336 2 ssification scheme. the current project will build on existing classification work and be align 
on scheme due in spring 2009. this work will aid the regional marine conservation zone projects 
12464 1 nd management. this part of the project will develop fisheries resource indicators that combine 
12465 4  is biologically sustainable. the study will focus on aspects concerning the safeguarding of su 
rocess on bycatch of non-target species will be assessed by identifying susceptible species and 
 the population status of these species will be estimated along with the effect of discard of b 
tions for protecting non-target species will be evaluated using management strategy evaluation  
7677 4 age large pelagic species. this project will be developed in two parts: 1 the development of se 
ferent management options. this project will compare the responses of a novice panel applicatio 
responses of a novice panel application will be developed that simulates realistic population d 
oject. the comparison of the two panels will demonstrate whether a common and efficient managem 
1952 3 ure on reproduction. in this project we will study the mechanism and the function of incubation 
it populations. to achieve this goal we will use automatic registration of incubation rhythms,  
bility, male assistance and clutch size will quantify behavioral responses of the birds and ena 
11217 2 ween bacteria than the basic genome. we will exploit the published complete genome sequence of  
 in this genus and related bacteria. we will monitor divergence of each of about 500 genes in a 
11192 3                            this project will address the horizontal transmission of baculovirus 
nd exposing virus to simulated sunlight will investigate these questions. we will also determin 
ht will investigate these questions. we will also determine if there is heritable variation in  
11440 3 have been collected from nw china. this will let us see how much sulphur was around, prior to a 
nd during the mass extinction event. we will also measure its stable isotopic composition as th 
nt in these lake muds, this information should help us to decide exactly what impact the volcan 
7638 1  groups. the objectives of this program will does it determine whether these criteria modeling  
11739 2 les. the primary tool for this analysis will be electron backscatter diffraction, a scanning el 
tures. the microstructural and cpo data will be compared with existing data from experimental c 
12264 1  pulse crop genetic improvement network will be established, and genetic maps established for p 
12637 4 gradation threats by 2030, this project will provide a synthesis of defra commissioned soils re 
e this aim. the work of the last 20 yrs will be assessed within the soil natural capital stocks 
ucted on threats that may degrade soils will be evaluated within this context. the threats to u 
vices provided by soils. this synthesis will put the last 20 yrs of defra research in this cont 
12393 5 customer purpose this programme of work will provide information without which it will be impos 
ll provide information without which it will be impossible to assess the potential threat to uk 
nto the sea. all the methodologies used will be reported in detail and provide the basis for fu 
two year long programme of observations will be made in conjunction with existing marine fieldw 
es at key locations around the uk. this will enable the new information on ph to be set in the  
11113 3 dissolved organic matter . this project will elucidate changes in carbohydrate fractions in bot 
 in this context the role of photolysis will be assessed with reference to biodegradation and b 
r. the results of this research project will benefit scientists investigating benthic-pelagic c 
164 2 vironmental factors . all these systems will be analysed using the same statistical approach ba 
he longitudinal factorial effects. this will generalize the approach successfully applied in th 
12222 6                             the project will focus on delivery of a range of computer-based dec 
irst specific objective of this project will be to complete the introduction into practice of t 
 across the department. the fas project will consist of a solution based on current/planned pro 
 than building a new entity. the advice will offered through a choice of interfaces, including  
ch web portal. although the fas project will not consider advice further than that required by  
d consistent. the project proposed here will include consultation with the teams developing the 
11328 1 oring in freshwater environments, which will be explored via collaboration with the environment 
11594 1 oring in freshwater environments, which will be explored via collaboration with the environment 
7514 2  linkage disequilibrium. . the approach will be developed from information genotyping of indivi 
ing characters subject to the selection will be used in this approach  
15106 1 an-type ecosystems. in this project, we will explore whether post-fire regeneration mode betwee 
15107 1 an-type ecosystems. in this project, we will explore whether post-fire regeneration mode betwee 
15490 2 onsequences of intraguild predation. it will provide a much needed quantitative review of studi 
wn scientists for this kind of analyses will guarantee the necessary high standard of results d 
541 1 ty and climate change have affected and will affect ecosystems and populations. long-term recor 
7126 2 f species. to answer these questions we will transversely analyze all of our databases using th 
tly available in several workshops that will bring together the entire air conditioning pop gro 
15160 1 ly. likewise, we think that the project will contribute in the scientific synergies resulting f 
2118 3 dynamics under natural conditions. this will help determine the impact of exploitation on the m 
itation is sorely needed and this study will go a long way to provide the answers needed to dra 
t due to over-exploitation, our results will also highlight potential strategies for similar pr 
14578 4 ions with more temporal persistence. we will compare the vital rates of different local populat 
 genetic differentiation of populations will be carried out. the genetic approach study will gi 
carried out. the genetic approach study will give interesting information on the patterns of co 
red in recent times along the shore and will complement the demographic study.  
15197 2 he number of females nesting in florida could be due in part to the high rates of incidental by 
ochronology. existing population models will be used to assess the demographic relevance of the 
1990 3 pment of the fungus, and this in itself could steer clonal selection. a large viable population 
of non-infected hosts from the sediment could obscure a clear selection pattern in the plankton 
n in the watercolumn. overall the study should result in a deeper understanding of the ways dis 
2094 3 ally. two large-scale field experiments will be conducted that test whether energetic costs and 
ependent survival. these and other data will be used to parameterize and existing spatially exp 
ross environmental gradients. the model will be evaluated against a third large-scale field stu 
7672 2 uture most of the world wide population will live in urban areas. while public, urban plannings 
oorganism diversity . these comparisons will root the urmidiv project at regional, national, an 
15511 3 ractions and regulation. ultimately, we will provide information regarding the structure of thi 
ll as their role during development. we will use three species of gastropod mollusks . with thi 
stropod mollusks . with this project we will make progress in understanding these pathways in o 
10764 1 ngly degraded samples using desi-ms, we will finally test the analyser on archaeological potter 
7706 2 pesticides. . finally, production costs will be analyzed in the same way that economic performa 
gronomy and agriculture toulouse, which will enable students to participate in and benefit from 
14224 2 ced cellular and mitochondrial delivery will be designed, synthesides and tested in vitro. vari 
hemical and biological analysis methods will be applied to test the cellular delivery, toxicolo 
12626 6  england and wales and a framework that will allow us to improve our understanding of erosion b 
 to monitor soil erosion. objective one will be to deliver an in-depth literature review, writt 
ovide a fundamental basis upon which we will build a consensus as to how we should monitor soil 
 we will build a consensus as to how we should monitor soil erosion in the future. objective tw 
il erosion in the future. objective two will bring together a wide spectrum of erosion experts, 
ch and suggest a feasible approach that will allow us to conduct a cost-effective, national-sca 
12586 1 t. additionally, monitoring information will also support the development and implementation of 
12401 1 s, and identify how these relationships could change over time.  objective 4 – present projecti 
12770 2 imply a matter of enhanced policing but will require management strategies and techniques that  
 anticipated that these scoping studies will shape subsequently commissioned fieldwork evaluati 
11563 2 e collagen nitrogen isotopic values. we will test our hypothesis on modern red deer, using a po 
ues in archaeological human populations could relate to pregnancy/lactation rather than dietary 
10861 2 hese decay columns are much longer than could be achieved by a fungus growing from a single poi 
propriate germination conditions, so we will use modern molecular approaches to detect them.  
11190 1 isation - mass spectrometry. the method will be applied to seawater collected from the plymouth 
14906 1  potential zoonotic character. thus, it will contribute to the understanding of the epidemiolog 
12150 3  as an outcome. modern research methods will be used for detection of invasive bee pathogens -  
piaries, and the further investigations will allow evaluating invasivity of already detected an 
ervasions of bee parasites in lithuania will be proposed as well as the evaluation of pathogen  
15202 1 canariensis natural populations , which will allow georeference each populations and single pal 
15460 1 d general and specific information that could be useful for an evaluation of decission making o 
15128 3 iological or structural characters that could be under directional selection and determine the  
periments . the results of this project will allow the establishment of strategies for biodiver 
pecially sensitive to global change and will facilitate decision-making to mitigate the ecologi 
14162 7 nger-lived, more mobile income breeders should have better developed defence traits. another ec 
ay affect investment into immune system could be the cleanness of the food - e.g. species in wh 
ts feed on carrion - rich on microbes - should have stronger defences than the ones not feeding 
 at all. the mechanisms mentioned above will be tested using two approaches which have rarely o 
 this context. the trade-off hypothesis will be tested by a rearing experiment with a half-sib  
 connections between the studied traits will be addressed using a comparative phylogenetic appr 
the hemolymph samples for immune assays will be collected from wild caught individuals from spe 
14538 1 ortant for establishment and because it could extend the growth season, and influence the water 
13428 1 his study commercial sea cucumber stock will be investigated between ayvalık and cesme location 
10968 2 oduction, of ciliates. these parameters will be examined at inter and intra basin-scale levels  
te production and its fate. the project will also provide a service to other components of the  
10390 1 d at loughborough university. this data will be compared with the communities recorded in the c 
12265 2 erests in ruminant livestock breeding - could be one way of promoting such a dialogue. this pro 
promoting such a dialogue. this project will identify the scope of a potential ruminant gin, in 
2536 3 vitation from the planetary motions, we will elucidate the individual rules used by the fish. u 
. the methods developed in this project will help closing the gap between models and real swarm 
s and real swarms. a successful outcome will provide deep insights into the nature of swarms, h 
10952 1 table enzyme and protein homologues. we will express, purify and screen a range of these enzyme 
10837 1 g the level of sex peptide-like factors could provide improvements in pest suppression in insec 
11779 5  of dominant soil bacteria, and then we will address how different nutrient inputs determined b 
 affect soil bacterial biodiversity. we will do this by assessing all soil samples taken as par 
tryside survey 2007. these soil samples will be thoroughly characterised with respect to soil c 
e countryside survey. using these soils will allow us to correlate several key soil variables w 
relationships have been established, we will select subsets of samples purely on the basis of s 
11813 3 imilar price. such a cost-effective tag would enable researchers working on marine species to p 
ing projects. in this project, the tags will be deployed on a marine group of particular topica 
lack of targeted research. data that we will collect thanks to our new gps technology are thus  
12338 1          summary objective this project will review marine survey data and metadata held by cef 
12693 1                             the funding will support the organisation of a workshop and report  
10770 7 lturing medium. by these experiments, i will seek the effect of the changes in the chemical com 
the intensity of the vital effect. this will enable identifying what causes them and developing 
ry of the mineralisation is obtained, i will test this outcomes pertaining the biogeochemistry  
graphically and temporally. to do so, i will study core tops and core sediments from the last g 
m the last glacial maximum from which i will separate various coccolith species . taken togethe 
th species . taken together, these data will allow unlocking a part of the information containe 
water in the past. these new constrains will also be relevant for predicting the response of th 
10565 2 irty other cats, some of these contacts will be connected to individuals outside the original g 
ork data being unreliable. this project will take an interdisciplinary approach to solving the  
12375 4 changes are occurring. this new project will provide a framework programme within which the uk  
in uk shelf seas. summary objectives it will combine desk studies of existing and newly develop 
toring programme. a risk based approach will be adopted and the models developed under will be  
 adopted and the models developed under will be populated with real measurements.  
12765 5 ribution and abundance. several methods will be evaluated to determine local abundance, colonis 
tion density, size and change.the study will also assess the relative cost-effectiveness of eac 
key outputs of this part of the project will be an assessment of this impact for the limited ra 
to mitigate their impact, this approach will offer stakeholders tools to monitor abundance and  
tractable. in particular, these results will provide defra with a science-based platform to ove 
12386 2 opts the principles that the monitoring will be based on answering known questions , be conduct 
 marine monitoring activity. the manual will be suitable for both download and use by practitio 
12380 2 g. quality status reports . the project will also contribute to a small education and knowledge 
on and knowledge transfer programme and will annually update the gridded plankton database winc 
10173 2 are based on the principal that females should choose males who carry good genes . however, dis 
ness between individuals. these markers will then underpin and complement a primarily behaviour 
12755 1 o provide advice to cop11. this project will review and assess expert knowledge and evidence ne 
11680 2 s that diseases carried by each of them could possibly infect the other. we already know that b 
of virus diseases between these insects could virtually wipe out both populations. the difficul 
12385 2 ents. key customer purpose this project will provide management service and support for merman  
s within the uk and europe. the project will include advising the final stages in the completio 
10420 1 ntinued in others. this new methodology will sharpen the chronology, and the understanding of s 
11389 1 ntinued in others. this new methodology will sharpen the chronology, and the understanding of s 
12292 4 s and locations. in the future, the aim will be to use these resources to screen different plan 
ect. the first objective of the project will be to collect and characterise s. sclerotiorum iso 
h wild and agricultural plant genotypes will be evaluated for sclerotinia resistance. hence it  
ed for sclerotinia resistance. hence it will be important to have representative wild and agric 
12334 1 . key customer purpose: this data layer will aid the identification and selection of marine con 
12470 5 al studies of cod movement, the project will undertake modelling to provide evidence to improve 
sheries management measure. the project will provide evidence for the most effective way of ide 
cted that in the short term the results will improve the basis for the current real time closur 
 sea, and in the medium and longer term will contribute to the scientific evidence base on usin 
 a reformed common fisheries policy. it will have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the r 
12387 2 for purpose and for policy. the project will also support the biological effects component of t 
 commission and in addition the project will help to influence and guide the uptake of biologic 
14955 2 y used in our laboratory. these systems will enable us a more accurate estimate of divergence t 
ellite linked to the snp and beside the will give us basic information about evolutive processe 
15494 4 cts caused by concentrations of nitrate will be conducted, also examining its possible effects  
ffects on the invertebrate species that will be used in laboratory experiments. subsequently, i 
ity bioassays with amphipods and snails will be carried out. finally, the last 8 months will be 
carried out. finally, the last 8 months will be devoted to the analysis and discussion of the o 
12570 3 ent of salmonid populations. the models will also be used to inform decisions on the direction  
ies in our current knowledge. the study will also advise on research and data collection needs  
rach and model developments. the models will be developed in an accessible format in order that 
7575 1 software with a user friendly interface will be developed and made ​​available to the internati 
10269 1 nt in the early late cambrian . results will be published in the peer-reviewed scientific liter 
10827 1                                      we will develop a spatially-explicit model of the dynamics 
12679 3                          the contractor will develop options for an indicator of invasive non-n 
e species at gb and country level. they will then consult the scientific and policy making comm 
ment of change over time. the indicator will have two components: •a measure of the number and  
12528 5 isions aimed at: the models and methods will then be used to study a series of trial scenarios  
ation of the intervention. therefore we will integrate the epidemic models with modules describ 
 ready-to-use theoretical framework. we will therefore integrate the models with modules descri 
ogens of statutory concern, the project will also provide a set of protocols describing how the 
 of protocols describing how the models should be used in the case of an epidemic outbreak of a 
9960 3 me instrument. the prototype instrument will be used to test two of these as a proof of concept 
these as a proof of concept: firstly it will be used to measure low pressure mixtures of water  
re from a micro satellite. secondly, it will be used to measure the temperature at different he 
7570 1 emory of these collections. our project will be to continue the already started developing the  
10485 6 r plant populations. the tagged samples will be pooled together for high throughput sequencing  
 effectiveness. the resulting sequences will be sorted back to their original sample identities 
sample identities and analyzed. results will be validated by using the conventional methods wit 
 samples. mass post-sequencing analyses will also be performed without sorting the samples to t 
the specific analyses and mass analyses will be compared. the mass analyses without the require 
ion of sampling regimes. the technology will offer a broad range of applications from large sca 
10144 2 of trace gas measurements. this project will adapt this proven technique for use in the near in 
region where key gases are active. this will involve optimising the existing design for use in  
9831 2 roup-specific primers and probes. these will be tested on reference plasmids prior to their use 
ronments, without the need for culture, will be evaluated.  
12551 2  measures that are specific for the shb would be advantageous. at present there is no early det 
all information gained from the project will be readily disseminated to all interested parties  
11118 5 ope ratios obtained for these compounds will reflect the isotope profile of the original molecu 
e of the original molecule. the project will firstly investigate potential compounds to use as  
pounds to use as isotopic markers. this will be carried out through analysis of individual amin 
mino acids and peptides. a crucial step will then be to verify that the isotope ratios of the p 
elop and rigorously test a method which would then have a wide range of specific applications w 
11282 5 biomarkers of peat bog vegetation. this will be achieved by measuring the dd values of the n-c2 
 latitudinal transect. these dd records will then be correlated with other peat proxies, and te 
ollected over the past 200 years, which will allow us to calibrate the biomarker-specific dd re 
eotemperature proxy. this proposed work could provide us with an invaluable tool in which we co 
 us with an invaluable tool in which we could study past regional temperature variations.  
11715 2 nal and external forcing factors. these will have influenced atmospheric processes and led to m 
intervals of earth history. the results will be underpinned by theoretical studies examining th 
10206 4 lution the sediment transport component will be driven off time dependent hydraulics. piv will  
iven off time dependent hydraulics. piv will be used to validate the cfd component. the propose 
 the cfd component. the proposed scheme will allow a novel methodology for understanding the in 
ogical processes in the benthic system, will be explored.  
11226 4 lution the sediment transport component will be driven off time dependent hydraulics. piv will  
iven off time dependent hydraulics. piv will be used to validate the cfd component. the propose 
 the cfd component. the proposed scheme will allow a novel methodology for understanding the in 
ogical processes in the benthic system, will be explored.  
14374 6 : accompanied by a detailed user manual will allow a non-specialist to hierarchical cluster ima 
ilar time series at numerous scales and will allow an accuracy assessment based on common accur 
ommon accuracy statistics. moreover, we will deliver proof of the importance of the integration 
 hierarchical image segmentation and we will demonstrate the added-value of emthis where it con 
tensive study of the emthis methodology will deliver a detailed insight in the pros and cons fo 
ations. unique is also the fact that we will have brought together complementary experience to  
7499 4 his, at first the genome of each strain will be amplified by long range pcr amplicons of one hu 
ch other. amplicons showing differences will then be analyzed more precisely. . the selection o 
tion of these primers for amplification will be done through a computer program called genofrag 
veloped in the laboratory. both species will be studied staphylococcus aureus and mycoplasma pu 
12532 2 hasing out of the use of methyl bromide will result in severe risks of the introduction of quar 
ate, and opportunity arises, assistance will be offered to the phsi in the first use of schedul 
12700 1 of remotely sensed, ground-truthed data will provide a new baseline that combines extent and qu 
7593 1 ntary approach of comparative genomics, should allow the characterization of metabolic markers  
11134 2 assessment outcomes. these shortcomings will be addressed in this project and include: on the r 
on levels. the outcomes from this study will be published in journal and conference papers and  
12245 6 n on integrated farm management systems will be incorporated, and conventional and organic farm 
onventional and organic farming systems will be considered. this project will summarise the act 
ystems will be considered. this project will summarise the actions that farmers can/should carr 
 summarise the actions that farmers can/should carry out as part of their farming system to ens 
 the consequences of particular actions will be given, with anticipated outcomes, and various s 
cipated outcomes, and various scenarios will be tested using a range of modelling techniques. u 
14600 4  sediments. the development of the tool will combine risk assessment . this project will help a 
 combine risk assessment . this project will help assess the relationship between sediment char 
oavailability / mobility, which in turn should improve our ability to predict the effects assoc 
ent of contaminated sediments. the tool will apply to the decision making process related to: n 
12233 7 rmulate n recommendations. thus options will be developed for modification of existing variety  
ent of n requirements and these options will be shared with stakeholders at a workshop. after a 
plans for a series of field experiments will be tailored to compare and validate the favoured o 
e the favoured options; the experiments will determine the minimum number and the levels of fer 
benefits to the public and the industry will be estimated, the most cost-effective methodologie 
ts in wheat and osr variety experiments will be deduced, and these will be recommended and prom 
 experiments will be deduced, and these will be recommended and promoted to industry and other  
14330 2 s projects.in indonesia, 2 redd studies will be investigated in collaboration with icraf, the w 
e newly established klimos o * platform will play a crucial role in this.  
15182 2 terns of variation allow . the analysis will be focus on finding the effect of selection in sub 
selection in subdivided populations. it will be necessary the use of informatic equipment with  
9815 1 derstanding of their network properties will help understanding of species extinctions and intr 
2176 6  set of 50 microsatellites and 150 snps will be developed. initial analysis will be performed u 
nps will be developed. initial analysis will be performed using the developed markers for the p 
g mackerel from the north sea component will be collected both in 2007 and also in the spring o 
2008. in the planned main project , nvh will have the responsibility for development of genetic 
ers and most genetic analysis and nifes will have the main responsibility for parasite analysis 
or parasite analysis. the collaborators will benefit mutually from the broad competence in the  
6960 1 s. future application of the indicators should result in the optimization of public money spent 
14615 3 d to this animal group. such indicators will be based on the combination of morphometric variab 
xpected that the results of the project would be instrumental to advance in the diagnosis of th 
phins. on the other hand, these results will provide an alternative and independent tool for as 
163 3 nd use scenarios visual models and maps will be created, and on the basis of these maps and mod 
s of land use changes to the bird fauna will be analysed. the scientific importance of the stud 
 bird fauna, as an essential component, will be taken into account.  
7678 2 n landscapes and land-use practices. we will couple a simulation model of land-use patterns in  
organisms entering the atmosphere. this will allow us to 1 determine the impact of different sc 
14726 2 ed as more valuable in this respect, we will develop landscape-level forest biodiversity indica 
anish and european context. finally, we will provide specific recommendations for the estimatio 
12524 5 y on n losses and usage the first point will be investigated by testing lettuce and broccoli cr 
 the results obtained. the second point will be addressed by including the majority of genotype 
future routine systems. the third point will focus on gathering additional information which wi 
 gathering additional information which will be used to populate modules in the eu rotate n mod 
expressed interest in this project, and will be further consulted on material, measurements, an 
12522 1 the countryside. meeting this objective will require multiple approaches, one of which is to en 
7498 1 g dioxygenases highlights new genes. it would be important to characterize these genes operate  
10167 3                           a pilot study will be undertaken combining both bulk and compound spe 
fic diet-to-tissue fractionations. this will be the first attempt to sample a sufficiently comp 
tly comprehensive range of tissues that will allow mathematical modelling of the isotopic relat 
11266 6 al cavity. this increase in laser power will make spontaneous raman signals much stronger compa 
 a special cavity with specific mirrors will be used which also amplifies the raman signals the 
 it is expected that cavity enhancement will increase raman signals by orders of magnitude; spo 
 cavity and stimulated raman excitation will result in a much greater sensitivity than conventi 
itivities of the proposed raman schemes will be required for the trace gas detection and monito 
tants in the environment. these schemes would allow new and improved analytical measurements wi 
9998 8 s makes data processing non-trivial. we will build easy-to use pipelines for radseq data analys 
n third party software. these pipelines will be used to verify the mapping of dauer entry and o 
ther genomes. these tools and protocols will subsequently be offered in-house to nerc science,  
ed through training and publication. we will also make available the validated radseq adapter s 
dapter sets at cost to nerc science. we will use three test systems. the major testbed will be  
e three test systems. the major testbed will be a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from, 
matode caenorhabditis elegans, where we will investigate the use of radseq markers in fine mapp 
 traits in a fully-sequenced genome. we will also construct test libraries from two other organ 
12372 1                         the marine bill will introduce a marine planning system with regard to  
13731 3 cohort at the end of the growing season will affect the survival through the winter season beca 
 designed to handle size-based dynamics will theoretically investigate the effects of the mecha 
ately and in combination. field studies will be carried out to yield data on individual growth  
7375 1  botrytis cinerea fungus. these markers will be used to study the diversity of the fungus in th 
10006 20  stakeholders involved with the project will be statutory agencies that provide advice and lice 
phibian and reptile issues. the project will be divided into three phases which will be oversee 
will be divided into three phases which will be overseen by a steering group that includes prin 
ncludes principal stakeholders. phase i will comprise a series of regional workshops that will: 
s and analyses. from these workshops we will draft new standard protocols for survey design and 
e ii of the project the draft protocols will be road-tested on real survey projects being carri 
ects being carried out by end-users. we will provide a design and analysis service for a number 
h projects, and in return the end-users will provide feedback on the performance of the draft p 
draft protocols. in this way, end-users will gain hands-on experience of using statistical mode 
e project, feedback from the road-tests will lead to revised, final survey protocols that will  
to revised, final survey protocols that will then be disseminated via the project partner netwo 
roject partner network. in addition, we will run a training workshop that will ensure that more 
n, we will run a training workshop that will ensure that more tightly defined best practice gui 
fer. the economic impact of the project will be widespread. with several million pounds being s 
ess of such actions. the protocols that will emerge from this project will therefore allow ecol 
cols that will emerge from this project will therefore allow ecological consultants to produce  
on plans for their clients. equally, it will strengthen the decision-making processes involved  
atutory agencies, and local authorities will be better-informed when it comes to planning issue 
ing issues. managers of nature reserves will also be able to carry out more effective surveys o 
urveys of amphibians and reptiles which will enhance our knowledge of the regional and national 
11536 20  stakeholders involved with the project will be statutory agencies that provide advice and lice 
phibian and reptile issues. the project will be divided into three phases which will be oversee 
will be divided into three phases which will be overseen by a steering group that includes prin 
ncludes principal stakeholders. phase i will comprise a series of regional workshops that will: 
s and analyses. from these workshops we will draft new standard protocols for survey design and 
e ii of the project the draft protocols will be road-tested on real survey projects being carri 
ects being carried out by end-users. we will provide a design and analysis service for a number 
h projects, and in return the end-users will provide feedback on the performance of the draft p 
draft protocols. in this way, end-users will gain hands-on experience of using statistical mode 
e project, feedback from the road-tests will lead to revised, final survey protocols that will  
to revised, final survey protocols that will then be disseminated via the project partner netwo 
roject partner network. in addition, we will run a training workshop that will ensure that more 
n, we will run a training workshop that will ensure that more tightly defined best practice gui 
fer. the economic impact of the project will be widespread. with several million pounds being s 
ess of such actions. the protocols that will emerge from this project will therefore allow ecol 
cols that will emerge from this project will therefore allow ecological consultants to produce  
on plans for their clients. equally, it will strengthen the decision-making processes involved  
atutory agencies, and local authorities will be better-informed when it comes to planning issue 
ing issues. managers of nature reserves will also be able to carry out more effective surveys o 
urveys of amphibians and reptiles which will enhance our knowledge of the regional and national 
12392 3 t a national and regional scale, the uk would demonstrate how to ensure the most efficient use  
he extension to this, an existing tool, would enable the uk to hold information in one location 
. it is the objectives of this proposal will be to create a visual global  
2019 2  key to understanding this relationship will be found in uncovering the contribution of gene fa 
vertebrate model system. to this end we will investigate: 1. the biological roles of tbp, tbp-l 
10652 2                 the coforchange project will gather for 4 years a unique interdisciplinary team 
ecies or groups of species. those tools will address decision-makers needs to reason, on a soun 
11832 2                 the coforchange project will gather for 4 years a unique interdisciplinary team 
ecies or groups of species. those tools will address decision-makers needs to reason, on a soun 
14431 1 nt ecological and palaeontological data would determine the diatom diversity pattern on the bal 
11459 1 logies incorporating fossil constraints will then be used to estimate the divergence times of t 
11031 6 tle. radioactive elements in the mantle should have recorded the time when the melts that forme 
inents are also found in the mantle, it would confirm the idea of pulsed continental growth. fu 
 pulsed continental growth. further, it would suggest that during these events, there was massi 
ing ages than other isotopes. the study will take advantage of recent advances in analytical te 
cal technology and most of the analyses will be done by ablating samples with a laser. this wil 
 by ablating samples with a laser. this will allow a large amount of data to be acquired in a s 
11634 8 rship between science and industry that will use industrially operated remotely operated vehicl 
gic and fundamental scientific research will be in direct collaboration with the deep-water oil 
ntal management issues/questions and it will ensure that this knowledge is transferred, as dige 
to the collaborators. the proposed work will be carried out at primary science targets in impor 
 mexico collaboration with the industry will allow the comparison of communities in different a 
 in these seabed habitats. this project will form part of the serpent project, which has suppor 
of global facilities. the dieps project will provide uk science with a portal for knowledge tra 
ually incurred in deep-sea research. it will provide important support for the increased use of 
10331 3 mputer model . the biomechanical models will first be created for extant species and will be ba 
first be created for extant species and will be based on biomechanical principles, actualistic  
ecific predictions made by these models will be appraised against the results of our fe models  
9819 3 mputer model . the biomechanical models will first be created for extant species and will be ba 
first be created for extant species and will be based on biomechanical principles, actualistic  
ecific predictions made by these models will be appraised against the results of our fe models  
10184 3 of experimental and theoretical work we will test the effect of diet quality on sexual attracti 
ecies, the three-spined stickleback. we will then explore how the trade-offs between these fact 
an. it also explores why sexual signals should be based on limiting nutrients in the natural en 
11061 7 to get the most out of reproduction. we will examine the compatibility between sperm and egg in 
 evolved local adaptations forever. one could imagine a similar situation if domestic dogs were 
d; eventually the pure, wild wolf genes would be lost if release occurred every year at high en 
 risk of farmed fish to wild stocks. we will answer this question by measuring the fertility of 
 of sperm and egg in a salmon river. we will also examine fertilisation success when wild and f 
s which occurs normally in the wild. we will also measure how fertile farmed salmon are with a  
ed hybrids to be produced. our research will allow us to measure the relative fertility of farm 
11177 3 disrupting chemicals. these experiments would be used to examine comparisons in the genes being 
ch experimental manipulation. key genes would be selected and utilised to develop assays to ass 
etic data acquired during these studies would be made publically available through a specially  
9863 3 disrupting chemicals. these experiments would be used to examine comparisons in the genes being 
ch experimental manipulation. key genes would be selected and utilised to develop assays to ass 
etic data acquired during these studies would be made publically available through a specially  
14545 2 ation of those lineages . these studies will be complemented by a molecular phylogenetic study  
olecular phylogenetic study in which we will focus in the evolution of asexuality in aphids.  
11124 1 spring to the parents. as such, parents should invest differentially in different offspring dep 
14181 3  of the herbaceous canopy by elongation should improve plants light capture. on the other hand, 
 to responses to herbaceous competitors should be favored. the possibility of differential resp 
hbours and overtopping woody plants. we shall perform extensive measurements of light quality i 
11219 5 t of its big toe. we need methods which will tell us what are the common features of fossil tra 
ikely that in the next three years they will find even more new footprint trails. human walking 
m with the new footprints of early homo should tell us a lot about how lucy s flexible foot cha 
e foot changed into a stiffer one which could push-off hard enough to let us walk or run long d 
l experiments in soft mud and ash which will tie these models into the real world. but we must  
11707 5 t of its big toe. we need methods which will tell us what are the common features of fossil tra 
ikely that in the next three years they will find even more new footprint trails. human walking 
m with the new footprints of early homo should tell us a lot about how lucy s flexible foot cha 
e foot changed into a stiffer one which could push-off hard enough to let us walk or run long d 
l experiments in soft mud and ash which will tie these models into the real world. but we must  
9818 3 dinosaur and plant groups or body types would be consistent with co-evolution; conversely, the  
nversely, the lack of such associations would falsify co-evolutionary hypotheses. negative resu 
d by the fossil evidence. this analysis will therefore provide the first empirical test of the  
1962 3 l effects on natural enemies, and hence could lead to incompatibility between breeding for herb 
plant fitness. five specific hypotheses will be tested, using a combination of laboratory, meso 
esocosm, and field studies. the project will contribute to our understanding of both the evolut 
10338 7 or dating continental sedimentary rocks could be developed, robust chronologies could be constr 
could be developed, robust chronologies could be constructed to study the p-t extinction and ot 
ed with the known age to within 1ma. we will extend this pilot study to determine the condition 
onologies for sedimentary sequences. we will assess the accuracy and resolution of our techniqu 
 has been constrained independently. we will then apply our methods to determine ages for impor 
uccessful development of this technique would provide a method to establish absolute ages of bo 
bone-bearing sedimentary sequences, and will provide a chronological framework within which the 
10040 2 ms as our test species. two experiments will involve growing these plants outdoors at the two s 
. we also plan a field experiment which will include these species to see if the results from t 
10158 7 rctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the direct measurement and sampling of w 
n the floors of subglacial lakes, which would provide critical insights into the glacial histor 
ld reconnaissance studies. this project will build, test and deploy all the equipment necessary 
ronmentally responsible manner. samples will be analysed and split at laboratories in the field 
een in a planning stage for four years, will be a benchmark exercise in the exploration of anta 
rcise in the exploration of antarctica, will make profound scientific discoveries regarding lif 
d west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to the public and media.  
10431 7 rctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the direct measurement and sampling of w 
n the floors of subglacial lakes, which would provide critical insights into the glacial histor 
ld reconnaissance studies. this project will build, test and deploy all the equipment necessary 
ronmentally responsible manner. samples will be analysed and split at laboratories in the field 
een in a planning stage for four years, will be a benchmark exercise in the exploration of anta 
rcise in the exploration of antarctica, will make profound scientific discoveries regarding lif 
d west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to the public and media.  
10432 7 rctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the direct measurement and sampling of w 
n the floors of subglacial lakes, which would provide critical insights into the glacial histor 
ld reconnaissance studies. this project will build, test and deploy all the equipment necessary 
ronmentally responsible manner. samples will be analysed and split at laboratories in the field 
een in a planning stage for four years, will be a benchmark exercise in the exploration of anta 
rcise in the exploration of antarctica, will make profound scientific discoveries regarding lif 
d west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to the public and media.  
10723 7 rctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the direct measurement and sampling of w 
n the floors of subglacial lakes, which would provide critical insights into the glacial histor 
ld reconnaissance studies. this project will build, test and deploy all the equipment necessary 
ronmentally responsible manner. samples will be analysed and split at laboratories in the field 
een in a planning stage for four years, will be a benchmark exercise in the exploration of anta 
rcise in the exploration of antarctica, will make profound scientific discoveries regarding lif 
d west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to the public and media.  
11714 7 rctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the direct measurement and sampling of w 
n the floors of subglacial lakes, which would provide critical insights into the glacial histor 
ld reconnaissance studies. this project will build, test and deploy all the equipment necessary 
ronmentally responsible manner. samples will be analysed and split at laboratories in the field 
een in a planning stage for four years, will be a benchmark exercise in the exploration of anta 
rcise in the exploration of antarctica, will make profound scientific discoveries regarding lif 
d west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to the public and media.  
9907 7 rctic ice sheet. to meet these aims, we will undertake the direct measurement and sampling of w 
n the floors of subglacial lakes, which would provide critical insights into the glacial histor 
ld reconnaissance studies. this project will build, test and deploy all the equipment necessary 
ronmentally responsible manner. samples will be analysed and split at laboratories in the field 
een in a planning stage for four years, will be a benchmark exercise in the exploration of anta 
rcise in the exploration of antarctica, will make profound scientific discoveries regarding lif 
d west antarctic ice sheet history, and will be of genuine interest to the public and media.  
11360 3 ankton in natural waters. the technique will be developed using phytoplankton host:virus:grazer 
us:grazer systems in the laboratory. it will then be tested in natural waters in a seasonal stu 
geochemical provinces. this information will be used to interpret phytoplankton:viral:grazer po 
13575 1 ence of other scavengers . this project will give us a basic understanding of the consequences  
10142 3 irect effect on competition. my project will involve a different model: rotifers. they are tiny 
es living together. such high diversity will enhance the power of the tests, in comparison with 
 species. the first part of the project will involve sampling different communities in differen 
10094 3 rain pest food resources. aflp analysis will determine heterogeneity within and between populat 
ts to maize stores. field study results will be calibrated by experimental work in the laborato 
er for dispersal. conventional taxonomy will verify the species attracted to pheromones of the  
1936 6 of characteristic species of sand areas will be taken from literature or experimentally screene 
perimentally screened. these parameters will be used to set up two wind dispersal models, a sta 
a on external seed transport by animals will be taken from literature while internal transport  
rom literature while internal transport will be measured experimentally. both will be related t 
t will be measured experimentally. both will be related to daily animal movement and used to se 
ls. once developed, the tools mentioned will give more insight in the potential dispersal of en 
12149 7  species - round goby . genetic methods will allow to determine rg and as genetic diversity and 
termine rg and as genetic diversity and will allow to assess phylogenetic relationships, origin 
er dispersion vectors. parasite studies will provide additional knowledge about rs and as speci 
ies. as abundance regulation experiment would be carried out during project. results of experim 
 project. results of experiment in vivo will help to control further dispersion and abundance.  
persion and abundance. project findings would give us essential information about invasiveness  
and potential impact on eco-systems and would be background for mitigation measures to stop fur 
10474 2 the idea that transcriptional profiling will let the organism inform us of the key environmenta 
esponding to . taken together this work will make major inroads in our understanding of the rou 
9905 2 the idea that transcriptional profiling will let the organism inform us of the key environmenta 
esponding to . taken together this work will make major inroads in our understanding of the rou 
9807 5 tal epidermal cells. in this project we will try to understand how and why the bees prefer the  
ving conical cells affects a flower. we will test whether conical cells alter perceived petal c 
 petals with conical and flat cells. we will test whether they react to visible differences bet 
ndle the different flowers. finally, we will use electron microscopy to survey the petal cell s 
ollinates the flower. these experiments will allow us to dissect the interaction between bee be 
15381 3 rms are produced in the germ line, they will have the probability to be fixed in the population 
ts through a multidisciplinary approach will provide new insights as to whether particular sequ 
ammalian genomes. moreover, the project will significantly enhance the research environment and 
13945 1 hind the direct uptake. in addition, we will evaluate the competitive advantage that comes with 
11733 1  , bas and nerc research programmes and will directly collaborate with research scientists from 
10160 5  different times through the year. this will allow us to answer the fundamental question, can w 
 highly varied on completion, our study will provide an extensive and high-quality dataset that 
extensive and high-quality dataset that could be used as a baseline for future research. furthe 
uture research. further, the results we will obtain will be of considerable academic interest t 
ch. further, the results we will obtain will be of considerable academic interest to both physi 
15096 1 ied point of view, the results obtained will be valuable in order to improve our integrative ma 
6871 1 roups of higher organisms. such studies should provide the scientific background to the ecologi 
2479 2 uate its potential ecosystem impact. we will accomplish this through a combination of monitorin 
agic community. the resulting knowledge will improve our ability to understand and predict chan 
156 2                                         will help to determine which of them should be included 
   will help to determine which of them should be included in the red data book of estonia and  
1984 1 se aims a molecular biological approach will be combined with detailed measurements of n2 fixat 
7138 2  separate the different response groups will be determined and a model based on the related pro 
on the related processes these features will be built with that information to test the capabil 
12056 1 lized species to stressful environments could be locally abundant, although particularly threat 
15524 1 etic context, for some selected taxa we will generate ecological niche models to make predictio 
13838 2 arsely studied by molecular methods. we will develop molecular-based multi-gene phylogenies and 
l traits. the ectomycorrhizal condition will be ascertained through molecular identification of 
11275 3 ses suggest that one such diverse group could be related to the fungi. the fungi include the we 
a greater appreciation of their biology will provide important data for understanding the evolu 
of environmental samples. this approach will enable us to observe the nature of these microbial 
14660 2  provide a broad-ranging data base that would allow the co-relation of cyanobacteria diversity  
f growth in the presence of pollutants, could perhaps be used in the future as indicators of ec 
11731 2 evels. to explore these issues, samples will be collected in the deep weddell and scotia seas d 
 search for naked foraminifera. results will be relevant to major international biodiversity in 
7533 1 genetic diversity of wild yams dry zone will be studied on species currently used and most inte 
185 4 d changes. in the proposed research, we will conduct a complex study to reveal the relative imp 
ly to exist only as metapopulations. we will examine the response of species richness, composit 
 with woody plants. a special attention will be paid to the relative importance of historical a 
toids. afterwards, the studied patterns will be compared to existing data from another trophic  
2480 6 ribution of haptophyte specific viruses will be examined, and how they affect the haptophyte di 
e diversity. in the proposed project we will apply the latest technologies in molecular biology 
c ecological problems. the biodiversity will be explored by a.o. environmental pyrosequencing,  
oscopy and culturing. seasonal dynamics will be examined by combining the use of microscopy, mo 
al waters through the year. the project will improve the understanding of the dynamics in the m 
ptophytes play a significant role. this will increase our understanding on fundamental processe 
14675 2 othesis, the initial aim of the project will be to characterize the mycorrhizal condition and d 
sphere processes of gypsophilous plants will be also ascertain by means of the determination of 
7382 2 n of corn on the diversity of six genes will be characterized by allelic sequencing the coding  
derstanding the evolution of the family will be complemented by the identification of unknown m 
7013 1 ic pathways of speciation field studies will be made to gain data on host plants and on distrib 
10182 5                          field sampling will investigate the extent and nature of the predatory 
 sourhope. a molecular dietary analysis will determine the composition of beetle prey. controll 
rolled field and laboratory experiments will follow the passage of a 13c pulse through the syst 
ophic levels. a manipulative experiment will investigate whether top-down effects on slugs are  
n of the plant community. these studies will address the overall objective of understanding the 
13468 3 scapes for which there are detailed and will also investigate the potential use of high resolut 
cies in relatively young grasslands. we will explore the chronology of species-establishment an 
onal grasslands on a european scale, we will seek generalities by comparing results from öland  
14905 2 squiterpenes, diterpenes and polyethers will be identified, and the pathway for syntheses of th 
. finally, at the end of the project we will have obtained a germoplasm bank and other related  
14842 5  geographic distribution of the species will be determined as well as its main morphological tr 
y, a study of the genotypic variability will be carried out, in order to develop this purpose n 
ear and chloroplastic molecular markers will be used. the integration of both results will allo 
e used. the integration of both results will allow us to establish the origin of the group, the 
ation state of the different subspecies will be collected including the collection of seeds fro 
422 1 ion mechanisms, unknown among copepods, could be involved in the maintenance of copepod in the  
431 1 evation, whereas no genetical structure could be observed in extant arvicoline populations.  
421 1 g the ability of soil fauna to disperse would be more prevalent in communities as land use gets 
14120 4 like several orchids. to approach these will require an understanding of both the population ge 
aphic analysis throughout several years would thus give a possibility to describe the mechanism 
t survival rates this fundamental study will remarkably enhance our understanding on population 
e of threatened orchids and the results will be applicable also in nature conservation.  
2061 5 rs, forage fish species and zooplankton will be collected during regular cruises in the barents 
egular cruises in the barents sea. data will be analyzed by using a recently developed multi-sc 
fferent hierarchical spatial scales. we will quantify the scales of the spatial pattern and the 
 the different predator-prey groups. we will furthermore examine the spatial response of the ap 
nd spatial pattern of prey. finally, we will quantify the temporal stability and predictability 
7001 1 es with distinctly different haplotypes will be examined.  
15065 2 ubation times. new molecular techniques will allow rapid and accurate identifications, as well  
uding phenotypic and genotypic data. it will be easily accessible through internet, to make it  
15520 1 in this project a multidisciplinar team will pursue 5 main objectives: 1 analysis of the variab 
10378 4 hin these communities. professor miller will investigate transposable elements in bacteria from 
om antarctic water whilst at cardiff we will use these samples to provide a snap shot of the ph 
. plaque assays and electron microscopy will count numbers. further study will examine morpholo 
scopy will count numbers. further study will examine morphology, host range and transduction po 
15287 2 sis and the activity of defence systems will be comparatively studied in the three photobionts  
 irradiances. the expected results also will afford us to predict the impact of anthropogenic e 
15288 2 sis and the activity of defence systems will be comparatively studied in the three photobionts  
 irradiances. the expected results also will afford us to predict the impact of anthropogenic e 
14146 4 n with existing morphological expertise will likely lead to the development of dna barcodes. th 
ns. metadata on all collected specimens will be uploaded to the unite database via the intraweb 
abase via the intraweb plutof that both will be improved to enable submitting and retrieval of  
reference sequences to public databases will provide valuable means for future biodiversity ass 
11756 1 and estuaries in the sw uk. the project will also deliver a novel and simple method for pigment 
13878 5 b we propose the use of techniques that will add a high resolution of the structure of soil foo 
f dna extracts of soil animals and soil will identify fungal dna sequences to species. the freq 
species encountered in amplified clones will determine the abundance of fungi and thus the feed 
 soil microorganims and of soil animals will determine their trophic levels in the food web. pr 
experiments with plant derived material will determine the structure and diversity of soil food 
15068 4 plex courtship behaviour. therefore, we will also use behavioural data to further diagnose evol 
erent mediterranean loxosceles lineages will be investigated by means of standard protocols. in 
 of standard protocols. in addition, we will use microbiology techniques to characterize the pr 
osceles lineages present in our country will greatly contribute to a better diagnosis and treat 
10427 4 n a digital structure. these techniques will be used because they are non-invasive, thereby rem 
 in nature. the results of this project will lead to a greater understanding of the effect of f 
raints imposed by the jaw muscles. this will help explain the exceptional evolutionary success  
odents. we anticipate that the research will benefit environmental and evolutionary biologists  
11218 4 n a digital structure. these techniques will be used because they are non-invasive, thereby rem 
 in nature. the results of this project will lead to a greater understanding of the effect of f 
raints imposed by the jaw muscles. this will help explain the exceptional evolutionary success  
odents. we anticipate that the research will benefit environmental and evolutionary biologists  
11427 4 n a digital structure. these techniques will be used because they are non-invasive, thereby rem 
 in nature. the results of this project will lead to a greater understanding of the effect of f 
raints imposed by the jaw muscles. this will help explain the exceptional evolutionary success  
odents. we anticipate that the research will benefit environmental and evolutionary biologists  
12053 1 and on the genetic stability of strains will be drawn. to propose methods based on molecular ma 
9919 2 ical, agricultural and other databases, will provide a universal tool for taxonomy. it is not n 
ntage. we expect that this kind of work will set standards for the practice of taxonomy in the  
12694 3             project summary the project will develop the use of dna techniques for the identifi 
dentification of gonystylus species. it will broaden the range of sample types that can be iden 
 processed products such as plywood. it will make the findings and procedures available to uk c 
11874 2  predict how envionmental perturbations will affect or threaten these unique terrestrial commun 
nd inorganic nitrogen. ultimately, this will enhance mathematical models used for predicting ec 
10034 2 l can be considered acid . the findings will benefit those in agriculture, forestry and industr 
naged acidic soil systems. the findings will also be important to researchers trying to underst 
10255 5  under future atmospheric co2 scenarios will have major influences on global biodiversity and w 
anges, and other periodic perturbations will challenge the stability of current vegetation and  
tion by the moth epirrita autumnata. we will therefore investigate field responses to a simulat 
n a controlled environment facility, we will also investigate whether variations in soil temper 
n soil temperature and moisture content will interact with the future capacity of arctic soils  
12655 3           the results from this project will be analysed and submitted for publication and if t 
eventing bats approaching wind turbines will be available to the power generation industry and  
le to the power generation industry and will help meet our obligation under the eurobats agreem 
11464 1 n in water quality due to pollution. we will use our model to test whether lake trophic status  
11799 1 n in water quality due to pollution. we will use our model to test whether lake trophic status  
2022 2 vides the strongest proof for this, and will therefore be studied using advanced techniques suc 
gging. quantitative mathematical models will be made to calculate how reef fish population viab 
11284 1 ling and c budget. the above hypotheses will be tested by employing and further developing meth 
10189 1 are diverse and exhibit selectivity. we shall therefore measure the diversity of am fungi colon 
11335 3 ensuring future food security in the uk will rely on increasing crop production by c. 70% by 20 
by 2070. meeting these production goals will depend on reducing crop losses to insect pests at  
ions that enhance such crop resistance, could therefore be invaluable. the aim of this project  
11846 4 . in this interdisciplinary approach we will combine the continuous physical and biological oce 
 biological oceanographic features that will be studied in the oceans2025 program with the addi 
. with these combined data products, we will identify and define the characteristics of these s 
edator-prey interactions. this research will greatly enhance the type of mechanistic understand 
10736 2 ed in response to cadmium. this project will increase our basic scientific understanding of a f 
and turn out to be metal-responsive, it will offer a potential new set of molecular biomarkers  
10817 10  to respond to herbivory in a way which could lead to cycles, but we have discovered a novel wa 
l way in which changes in plant quality could cause cycles in herbivore populations. this mecha 
m has not been considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. o 
ge-scale field experiments. firstly, we will determine the silica levels in grasses in areas wh 
if our ideas are correct, silica levels should be declining in areas where vole populations are 
tions are increasing and vice versa. we will then set up an experiment to measure the rate and  
a at different levels of grazing and we will also measure how quickly the levels of silica defe 
ls of silica defences decrease. then we will test our ideas by moving voles into areas where we 
wth and reproduction. these experiments will assess whether changes in plant defences can cause 
 species and livestock, so this project will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agr 
11049 10  to respond to herbivory in a way which could lead to cycles, but we have discovered a novel wa 
l way in which changes in plant quality could cause cycles in herbivore populations. this mecha 
m has not been considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. o 
ge-scale field experiments. firstly, we will determine the silica levels in grasses in areas wh 
if our ideas are correct, silica levels should be declining in areas where vole populations are 
tions are increasing and vice versa. we will then set up an experiment to measure the rate and  
a at different levels of grazing and we will also measure how quickly the levels of silica defe 
ls of silica defences decrease. then we will test our ideas by moving voles into areas where we 
wth and reproduction. these experiments will assess whether changes in plant defences can cause 
 species and livestock, so this project will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agr 
11562 10  to respond to herbivory in a way which could lead to cycles, but we have discovered a novel wa 
l way in which changes in plant quality could cause cycles in herbivore populations. this mecha 
m has not been considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. o 
ge-scale field experiments. firstly, we will determine the silica levels in grasses in areas wh 
if our ideas are correct, silica levels should be declining in areas where vole populations are 
tions are increasing and vice versa. we will then set up an experiment to measure the rate and  
a at different levels of grazing and we will also measure how quickly the levels of silica defe 
ls of silica defences decrease. then we will test our ideas by moving voles into areas where we 
wth and reproduction. these experiments will assess whether changes in plant defences can cause 
 species and livestock, so this project will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agr 
11829 10  to respond to herbivory in a way which could lead to cycles, but we have discovered a novel wa 
l way in which changes in plant quality could cause cycles in herbivore populations. this mecha 
m has not been considered before but it could apply to wide range of plant-herbivore systems. o 
ge-scale field experiments. firstly, we will determine the silica levels in grasses in areas wh 
if our ideas are correct, silica levels should be declining in areas where vole populations are 
tions are increasing and vice versa. we will then set up an experiment to measure the rate and  
a at different levels of grazing and we will also measure how quickly the levels of silica defe 
ls of silica defences decrease. then we will test our ideas by moving voles into areas where we 
wth and reproduction. these experiments will assess whether changes in plant defences can cause 
 species and livestock, so this project will be useful to both conservation and sustainable agr 
11441 2 on analysis and phospholipid fatty acid will allow the degree of utilisation of new and old car 
profiling and structural investigations will allow the classes of consumer micro-organisms to b 
13610 2 f the information that is available now will be lost during autumn senescence of macrophytes an 
ober. we assume that the collected data will be useful to the understanding of non-linear respo 
10564 4 s curated at the university of bradford will be scanned to investigate progressive stages of mi 
ware, 3d coloured images and animations will be produced to track the advancing front of minera 
potential time-lines are identified, we will test them in fully developed modern and ancient te 
he oxygen isotope ratios along the line should vary in a regular manner because they are sensit 
10211 2 antities of c from their host plants. i will use advances in stable isotope and molecular metho 
 diversities. below ground c allocation will be investigated for scots pine and birch that repr 
13790 2 k in benthic ecosystems. the first part will test two key hypotheses about growth rates and nut 
s composition, growth and stoichiometry will help to predict effects of eutrophication and loss 
11604 2 pted for life in the wild. this project will test whether the heritable responses of the endang 
 dna analyses of the source populations will be used to determine whether there are any genetic 
11264 5 rent contexts. all of these experiments will take place with groups of just five fish, given th 
ferent levels of expertise . however, i will then use a series of computer simulations based on 
dred individuals are concerned, which i will then test in the laboratory. overall, this project 
n the laboratory. overall, this project will be the first attempt to manipulate the distributio 
tion and personality within groups, and will provide a new insight into the function of diversi 
11546 5 rent contexts. all of these experiments will take place with groups of just five fish, given th 
ferent levels of expertise . however, i will then use a series of computer simulations based on 
dred individuals are concerned, which i will then test in the laboratory. overall, this project 
n the laboratory. overall, this project will be the first attempt to manipulate the distributio 
tion and personality within groups, and will provide a new insight into the function of diversi 
11551 4 y play a role in adaptive evolution. we will use the hawaiian endemic plant genus schiedea test 
 selected allele across several species should distort the phylogeny of that gene, making it in 
cted by interspecific introgression. we will estimate the proportion of genes with distorted ph 
orted phylogenies in genus schiedea and will test whether the distortion could have been caused 
10439 2 e in n preference of h. ericae isolates will infer variability in n assimilation by the associa 
ion vaccinium myrtillus/h. ericae. this will be tested using a factorial experiment comparing n 
9927 8 omond national park. half of each brood will be supplemented with taurine and the rest with a n 
elopment and blood antioxidant activity will be compared between treatment groups and between n 
d artificially reduced broods. also, we will determine whether taurine aids the assimilation of 
upplemented chicks. all plasma analyses will be carried out by dr ramsay, the pdra, in the labo 
tioxidant levels in experimental chicks will be assessed by measuring cell-mediated immune func 
on and plumage reflectance. finally, we will test the idea that spiders are limiting in some wa 
are limiting in some way for parids. we will monitor provisioning, using infrared cameras in ne 
or whom we request salary. this project will improve our understanding of parental provisioning 
10136 7 sources available to the mother, and so will vary with her nutritional state , linked to increa 
fspring are unknown. in this project we will relate female condition to a diverse range of egg  
y, and in a unique and novel experiment will investigate the consequences of variation in mater 
n returning to the river conon to spawn will be classified according to their body condition, a 
from females in good and poor condition will then be planted out into natural streams that lack 
 barriers. the survival rate of the fry will be related to the body condition of their mother,  
sh. in parallel with this field work we will measure various traits of the eggs and fry in the  
10678 3 ion of excess light energy in leaves. i will examine the extent to which psbs content changes i 
refore the capacity for photoprotection will be greater in a sun species as compared to a shade 
to a shade-tolerant species. this study will attempt to underpin the mechanistic basis for ligh 
10944 3  that commonly occur in these soils. we will also test whether plants have to compete with othe 
petition for this limiting resource. we will do this by using state of the art tracer technique 
ent nitrogen forms from the plants this will also allow us to test whether there is a relations 
10241 6  cross-fertilize. the proposed research will use the colonial invertebrate celleporella hyalina 
ogous to plants, hermaphroditic animals should produce less sperm when fertilizing themselves t 
breeding. harmful effects of inbreeding will be assessed in relation to the frequency of self f 
e atlantic to ensure genetic diversity, will be cloned by taking cuttings and used in experimen 
 of hull, dna fingerprinting of progeny will be used to distinguish cases of self fertilization 
is investigation, budgeted at £187,977, will help understanding of genetic components of marine 
11100 6  cross-fertilize. the proposed research will use the colonial invertebrate celleporella hyalina 
ogous to plants, hermaphroditic animals should produce less sperm when fertilizing themselves t 
breeding. harmful effects of inbreeding will be assessed in relation to the frequency of self f 
e atlantic to ensure genetic diversity, will be cloned by taking cuttings and used in experimen 
 of hull, dna fingerprinting of progeny will be used to distinguish cases of self fertilization 
is investigation, budgeted at £187,977, will help understanding of genetic components of marine 
9840 9 ountain hare survival and fecundity. we will develop and test methods for remotely monitoring a 
ual hares use of feeding stations. this will enable us to relate individual survival and fecund 
individuals use of teed stations. hares will be live trapped, implanted with pit tags and a sub 
mplanted with pit tags and a sub-sample will be fitted with radio-collars prior to winter. indi 
ter. individual use of feeding stations will be recorded by a remote pit tag reader and data lo 
 logger. survival and feeding behaviour will be studied using radio-telemetry monthly live-trap 
trapping throughout the breeding season will enable us to assess body condition, time of breedi 
lect information at an individual level will be great use in future work as it will allow us to 
 will be great use in future work as it will allow us to carry about experiments and make model 
7687 1  partnership, our poulhaie crem project will evaluate the role of linear elements of mainly hed 
2169 1 ects of these drivers on vegetation, we will also study how vegetational changes in turn have c 
15389 2  most hard impacts on aquatic resources will be both the reduction in surface water discharges  
equence, the increase of water salinity will affect probably to many arid streams. information  
11492 5  physiology on plant drought tolerance, will be tested with phylogenetically controlled experim 
to drought tolerance in the c4 grasses, will be tested within the paccad clade, which encompass 
ysiological and phylogenetic hypotheses will be quantified by extending the screening analysis  
sted within the same clade. experiments will target key plant traits determining water uptake,  
ommon garden experiment in south africa will examine the implications of these interactions for 
10693 12 r deposition. a key part of the project will fly an aircraft through the layers of dust being t 
re the size and number of particles. we will improve these instruments by making sure we can sa 
le more efficiently. samples of aerosol will be collected and taken back to laboratories for an 
r analysis for chemical composition. we will also measure the radiation scattering ability of t 
e an impact on climate. samples of dust will also be collected on the ground at the cape verde  
erde islands. individual dust particles will be examined in the laboratory to determine the mos 
of africa from which they have come. we will use these measurements to provide an improved desc 
 as it leaves the coast of africa. this will serve as input to a model that simulates dust tran 
ties change moving away from the source will give us a clue as to the important processes which 
e removing dust from the atmosphere. we will end up with quantitative estimates of the flux of  
ifically, during our 4 case studies. we will then use this information, and the long term monit 
 of iron to the ocean. this information will be very useful to those modelling the biology and  
10689 2  tests several hypotheses at once. this will be done using dna sequences from the 270-species r 
d arabian arid regions. the phylogenies will then be used to test hypotheses about community as 
7714 1 sue of organic farming. this comparison should provide more generic knowledge produced. the exp 
9880 6 rtnership and project development grant will build an african-european dynamic drivers of disea 
f poverty and wellbeing. the consortium will develop and apply a holistic systems framework tha 
 mapping and detailed field studies, we will build a multi-layered analysis of regions and peop 
d national patterns. in the process, we will develop and apply new methodologies for systems an 
can settings. through this approach, we will identify, promote and communicate intervention poi 
n settings. in this way, the consortium will provide a much-needed evidence base and set of pra 
7133 1 rs - on the persistence of kelp forests will be studied by combining genetics and population dy 
14122 1 vegetation dynamics is little known. we will develop and use modeling approaches to estimate th 
7463 1 effects upon aquatic ecosystems. dynamo will place the site-specific results in an european  
14371 4 iques combined to statistical modelling could offer an alternative. this research has four obje 
 method in an application context. this will include modelling vector occurrence using land cov 
e activities and results of the project will be compiled in reports. a particular attention wil 
iled in reports. a particular attention will be made to describe recommendations and basis for  
7408 1 c resources in the long term in rabbits should provide concrete information to brg rabbit speci 
15319 3 tion of the cantabrian capercaillie. we will combine non-invasive techniques to get information 
bout the population. using neutral . we will explicitly consider intrapopulation partitioning a 
 sound conservation strategies. results will be integrated in a population viability analysis s 
14602 4 io-temporal heterogeneous systems. this will be achieved by using mediterranean landscapes and  
nate land abandonment and fire dynamics will be essential to establish future conservation poli 
 spatial analysis methods, this project will develop a multiscale modelling platform aimed to a 
on changes in different scenarios. this will lead to a useful evaluation tool of potential impa 
13880 3 anctuaries. complementary field studies will be done to compare reproductive success and behavi 
ed and unprotected islands. the project will produce the first stringent test of effects of pro 
ird populations at a regional level. it will contribute substantially to the understanding of p 
7147 1 compositions in the teeth of phosphates will quantify climates tertiary atndis that the analyze 
7553 4 ysis of genetic diversity and gene flow will occur primarily through molecular markers, but wil 
rimarily through molecular markers, but will also include a study of the biology of pollination 
ir impact on the evolution of diversity will also be studied. this research will be in the form 
ity will also be studied. this research will be in the form of case studies in ecuador  
14199 6 iont limitation on community change. we shall study plant community composition, seed bank and  
aged species-rich calcareous grasslands will serve as references. we shall also address communi 
grasslands will serve as references. we shall also address community dynamics under restoration 
storation management. in particular, we shall focus on the role of the soil seed bank as a pote 
nd use we hypothesize that both changes will lead to a decrease in alpha diversity, but in the  
gal partners we expect that the results will shed light on processes behind vegetation changes, 
10125 7 re climate change. the proposed project will combine data from a series of different academic f 
sing anthropogenic threats. the student will compile data on past mammal distributions and asso 
nce across the holocene of europe. this will permit gis-based analysis of range declines across 
y, life history and trophic status, and will address whether common patterns exist for range co 
igation of the quality of holocene data will be provided by analysis of the zooarchaeological a 
 extirpated or globally extinct species will also form the basis for investigating whether crit 
an be identified. these related studies will ultimately form the basis for intercomparisons bet 
12353 2 ork carried out on round 1 developments will be drawn together and reviewed. the review will as 
drawn together and reviewed. the review will assess the requirements, methods, data, results an 
434 2 hat discriminate the two species, which could be applied by forest managers but are insufficien 
e conditions in the loire region, which could be beneficial to f. angustifolia, in producing hy 
7261 2 erranean in france and north africa. he will understand the dynamics and the colonization proce 
s invasive species complex. for this we will develop a new method of diversity single cell stud 
14691 1 the predicted global change. this study will have six objectives: 1 to study the ecophysiologic 
14690 5 the predicted global change. this study will focus on the knowledge of ecophysiological mechani 
oody species in growth and survival. we will investigate the spatial and temporal variation in  
n woody species in the forest. also, we will study the ontogenetic changes of the regeneration  
ctors responsible of them. moreover, we will make experiments to know the importance of the dyn 
ffecting plant regeneration. lastly, we will develop models to analyse the forest dynamics and  
14689 1 the predicted global change. this study will have five objetives: 1 to study the ecophysiologic 
10686 1 t herbivores and pathogens. finally, we will compare patterns of seedling mortality and growth  
15532 1 s theory in drylands. finally, uncroach will provide relevant information to improve the effici 
2081 4                          climate change will be used as input data for the models. uncertainty  
 input data for the models. uncertainty will be addressed throughout such simulations. coupled  
ospheric chemistry and transport models will be used to simulate ozone damage on crops. the res 
ormance. alternative economic scenarios will be constructed, to explore the effects of expected 
14319 3 in the mixolimnion. in this project, we will exploit the important database acquired in the per 
d in the period 2002-2009 . finally, we will examine how the methodologies used and developed i 
d and developed in the research project could be applied to other large african lakes, particul 
11685 2 llite mission. this new mission concept will be a spaceborne multi-spectral canopy lidar micro- 
te, proved technologies. to this end we will consider the highly novel, high risk, but very low 
11700 2 llite mission. this new mission concept will be a spaceborne multi-spectral canopy lidar micro- 
te, proved technologies. to this end we will consider the highly novel, high risk, but very low 
9894 2 llite mission. this new mission concept will be a spaceborne multispectral canopy lidar micro-s 
te, proved technologies. to this end we will consider the highly novel, high risk, but very low 
11336 5 edge of the technology available and we will try to date the volcanic sediments in which the fo 
e climate and ecology of the lake basin will be worked out from a study of the animal bones, th 
he associated sediments. the footprints will be excavated further to obtain pristine prints. th 
ints. their distribution and morphology will be mapped using sophisticated laser scanning. this 
sing sophisticated laser scanning. this will produce very accurate digital images, maps and cas 
10660 4 dition to the pi and co-i, the research will be supported by partners from leading institutions 
n the african lakes region. the project will strongly benefit from the past and present partici 
earch in the region. project scientists will make new developments in monitoring will hold a sc 
ill make new developments in monitoring will hold a scientific workshop during the second year  
9886 4 dition to the pi and co-i, the research will be supported by partners from leading institutions 
n the african lakes region. the project will strongly benefit from the past and present partici 
earch in the region. project scientists will make new developments in monitoring will hold a sc 
ill make new developments in monitoring will hold a scientific workshop during the second year  
11723 3 osited in otolith cores and peripheries will be used as natural tags of migration in possibly m 
al reef biotopes. these three variables will influence oxygen isotope ratios in fish moving bet 
-migratory species resident in the site will be used to help control for confounding effects of 
12601 2 s with water resource issues. the study will develop a `case study` of how this better understa 
 strategic importance of soil resources could help the regional assembly deliver its regional r 
13387 3 tylis, medicago, onobrychis, trifolium, will be manually collected during the appropriate matur 
ty stage of the plants. collected seeds will then be sown into the boxes in greenhouses. seedli 
nto the boxes in greenhouses. seedlings will be transplanted to the field for future observatio 
13339 7 ic conceptual basis for the system that will provide a robust statistical structure for analyti 
the eu project alternet. this framework will ensure continuity of recording and shows an existi 
s concerned to long term monitoring. it will also provide the necessary structure for integrati 
stical procedures. the key work package will involve inter-calibration between eo and in situ d 
ation between eo and in situ data,which will involve habitats that can be linked to specific bi 
specific biodiversity indicators. these will be identified using a conceptual framework develop 
lue of integration. other work packages will provide protocols to place data onto a common fram 
15584 2 pecies-level responses to global change will underpin changes in the functionality of ecosystem 
ng stakeholders and ecological modelers will be used to develop scenarios for conservation deci 
15351 2 inter-species transmission. the results will allow increasing the knowledge about the impact of 
l processes this effect takes place. it will also be helpful for public authorities to implemen 
2084 3  biomass production. the first emphasis will be on analyses of a large variety of time series f 
er mass properties. the second emphasis will be on development of a model system that integrate 
m sea bird predation. the model results will be evaluated against time series on abundance and  
13317 1 ates in order to assess whether species will be able to keep pace with rapid global change 3. s 
2018 6 ronmental changes, epigenetic processes should also be considered. recently, i showed for the f 
t drivers of plant biodiversity loss. i will take these results forward by studying phenotypic  
d suffering from habitat fragmentation, will be used as model species. i will use state-of-the- 
ation, will be used as model species. i will use state-of-the-art microarray-based gene express 
ant responses to changes in nitrogen. i will further explore the potential mechanism at the gen 
ed and outbred individuals. the project will deliver necessary knowledge for evaluating the rel 
15530 4 oration of these ecoystem. this project will use manipulative experiments and modelling work to 
backs and coupled dynamics. the project will focus on key functions in semiarid ecosystems such 
tion pattern and diversity. the project will be carried out in the framework of a coordinated p 
versity and ecosystem functioning, that will also address fire resistance and resilience functi 
519 4 parks . the identification of corridors will be done using new methods of remote sensing. the m 
 management of corridors in rural areas will be analyzed on different scales in relation to the 
he types of agriculture. the evaluation will be done using some biologic models from the respon 
e of partners associated to the project will bring forth means to identify assets and weaknesse 
10152 3 as where conditions are suitable, which will require individuals to disperse to new sites. migr 
e rare. the success of dispersal events will also depend on the quality of the habitat availabl 
sites breeding successfully. this study will greatly improve our understanding of the potential 
11496 3 as where conditions are suitable, which will require individuals to disperse to new sites. migr 
e rare. the success of dispersal events will also depend on the quality of the habitat availabl 
sites breeding successfully. this study will greatly improve our understanding of the potential 
13466 3  according to many climate models there will be an increased risk of future forest fires in bor 
ctors at different spatial scales. fire will be performed within burnt 100 ha sites each in bod 
nburnt forests as reference sites. fire will increase our understanding of the importance of la 
7635 1 ded by rain and wind. . phytoextraction will be used primarily on flat areas, such as settling  
14963 1 ictions derived from the current model, will be tested using the experimental design described  
10471 6 n of rocks. to investigate this event i will collect detailed fossil records and compare with r 
 and environmental change. the research will be based at the southampton oceanographic centre a 
itical intervals of climate change, and will collaborate with the us funded biocomplexity proje 
ed plankton production and whether this could be important in the drawdown of co2. i will do th 
 be important in the drawdown of co2. i will do this by looking at sediments from a global arra 
limate system, we need to know how they will respond. thirdly, i want to know whether rapid cli 
10049 5 ply in realistic settings. this project will address the fundamental question of whether specie 
study evolution in species mixtures. we will assemble random mixtures of up to 24 species and e 
e evolutionary response of each species will be quantified using phenotypic assays and compared 
es from the same and different cultures will test for the occurrence of coevolutionary interact 
air of interacting species. the results will generate new conceptual understanding of the inter 
2502 2 asic responses of organisms: ecological will disentangle the effects of range shifting, phenoty 
iated with global warming. the proposal will contribute toward a predictive model of climate in 
14904 7 n is based on artificial crosses, which will be carrying on the carballedo hatchery, using trou 
 possible combinations. part of the egg will be planted into the river ahs the other part will  
anted into the river ahs the other part will be reared in the hatchery and release to the river 
lerez by october. sampling of juveniles will be done in a screw trap and also by electrofishing 
 classification of the anadromous phase will be made attending to color characteristics. indivi 
tics. individual assignment to families will be done using a panel of at least 12 microsatellit 
 12 microsatellite loci. in addition we will measure a set o morphological and genetic characte 
10164 4 erging are unclear. population genetics will be used to determine whether european chytridiomyc 
d density of b. dendrobatidis infection will be developed. these techniques, coupled to environ 
s, coupled to environmental monitoring, will allow us to define population parameters for use i 
 for use in epidemiological models that will be used to predict the impact and progression of t 
11247 4 erging are unclear. population genetics will be used to determine whether european chytridiomyc 
d density of b. dendrobatidis infection will be developed. these techniques, coupled to environ 
s, coupled to environmental monitoring, will allow us to define population parameters for use i 
 for use in epidemiological models that will be used to predict the impact and progression of t 
9859 6 ions of both factors to expansion rates will be assessed. results may have major management imp 
nagement implications. methods. methods will include microsatellite analysis of dna samples fro 
ly limited by low genetic diversity, it will be important to prevent the three separate italian 
rsity and speeding expansion rate. this could be accomplished by eradicating the two population 
 still small enough for eradication. it would also be essential to prevent all further introduc 
d by competition from red squirrels, it will be essential to prevent the introduction of poxvir 
11784 2 ass as indicated by rdna. this approach will provide more informative about the ecological char 
ries alone. the environmental sequences will be used to improve phylogenetic reconstructions of 
14546 2 in the transport between the ecosystems could be expected. on the contrary, if these ecosystems 
 mosaics of uses it is made up of. this will open up new perspectives in the landscape planning 
13480 1 bly algorithms. these model communities will then be subjected to small and large press perturb 
12346 3  used to enhance another area then this should be encouraged. this project will assist defra in 
this should be encouraged. this project will assist defra in assessing the potential benefits t 
protection and habitat conservation and will enable the uk to support international and regiona 
11410 5 grassland community structure. the work will provide valuable information for conservation mana 
in ecological communities. the research will begin in 2011 and continue for 3 years. it will be 
in in 2011 and continue for 3 years. it will be undertaken at the university of sussex, falmer, 
versity of sussex, falmer, brighton and will build on current work by researchers at the univer 
ttle. genetic analysis of yellow rattle will be undertaken at, and in collaboration with, resea 
9964 5 grassland community structure. the work will provide valuable information for conservation mana 
in ecological communities. the research will begin in 2011 and continue for 3 years. it will be 
in in 2011 and continue for 3 years. it will be undertaken at the university of sussex, falmer, 
versity of sussex, falmer, brighton and will build on current work by researchers at the univer 
ttle. genetic analysis of yellow rattle will be undertaken at, and in collaboration with, resea 
10638 8 ition between members of the population will be strong, and it should pay to produce young that 
f the population will be strong, and it should pay to produce young that are good competitors f 
hic events, such as droughts, selection will favour generalists that take opportunities as and  
lanation for why. the proposed research will explore if the types of selection imposed by contr 
tterns and rates of evolution. the work will study the only fish in the malawi cichlid radiatio 
 bristol and the natural history museum will provide a positive learning environment for the st 
c training in scientific expertise that will be provided, specific training will be gained in n 
hat will be provided, specific training will be gained in numerous skills, including tropical f 
7688 10 hat the establishment of green networks will be at finer local and landscape scales and it is a 
inuities of semi natural elements. . we will test the effect of agricultural mosaic seminaturel 
tions favorable for biodiversity, which will be considered by agronomists to determine what is  
ndscapes simulations. these simulations will be compared with results of sociologists and the d 
terminants of organizational continuity will be used by lawyers to better define the contractua 
 frames. this new diva research program will allow lawyers to deepen their research on the lega 
 and identifiable ecological corridors, will be enriched here by a more functional dimension of 
and results obtained by the researchers will be mobilized within the framework of a ethnologica 
amework of a ethnological research that will accompany the actors and researchers in their coll 
 understanding and sharing of views. it will involve a group of actors of the territory of pnr  
10722 1  at greatest risk from n deposition. we will use a combination of laboratory and field experime 
2117 1 evels of sheep density on alpine ranges will be the main interdisciplinary denominator of the p 
7632 3  a rare and common species for which we will use statistical models that will calculate crop ar 
ich we will use statistical models that will calculate crop areas with and without climate chan 
r be valid and the european legislation will be shaken. this thought is well within the framewo 
13721 4 ive traits of ecological importance. we will relate molecular divergence to divergence in pheno 
the molecular and phenotypic levels. we will also perform direct tests of local adaptation usin 
arying ecological and genetic distances will be quantified to evaluate the relative role of gen 
ence. strong preference for local mates will preserve adaptive genetic combinations and hence s 
9841 2 re resistant to parasites. this project will examine temporal variation in the activity of po i 
e challenges in the field. moreover, it will examine the nature of compartmentalisation of the  
15318 1 tests of this general hypothesis, which will contribute to assess the ecological significance o 
9921 1 ating to past lake ecosystem health. we will examine both modern and subfossil larval chironomi 
7700 3 ocesses considered. the use of modeling will place the results acquired in a conceptual framewo 
quired in a conceptual framework and it will enrich dialogue and between organizational levels  
n of situations in developing countries will increase the contrast, which may cover the same co 
11071 3 dly with time - this inevitably has, or will reflect on entire ecosystems and man-based relianc 
omically important living resources. we will present current knowledge on the following issues: 
and / or cultural practices finally, we will discuss emerging ideas aimed to tackle these probl 
7606 1 ssue of biodiversity. this biodiversity will be assessed against the gardening practices and ar 
7695 3 ution of elements of green networks. it will identify the most favorable to the functioning of  
s to share with stakeholders. this task should allow the preparation of a collective scientific 
s in the territories and agriculture it will result in the drafting of a summary brochure. this 
2527 1 of organisms: ecological . the proposal will contribute toward a predictive model of climate in 
7198 2 eds in four fields of study the project will produce original knowledge in different discipline 
/ technical sciences / social sciences, will strengthen the northern and southern community of  
13929 3 the susceptible and resistant stands we will add low numbers of natural enemies, in the other h 
 numbers. equal numbers of leaf beetles will be added to all stands. beetle population growth r 
l stands. beetle population growth rate will be used as dependent variable. we also intend to c 
14481 1  or ecological succession. our research will include experimental and phenomenological approach 
15294 1 ganic matter content, clay, etc.. which will influence their speciation, partitioning, and the  
14204 1 ing of marine ecosystems. such analyses will provide us upscaling and downscaling rules of envi 
11050 1 n, but he also thought that populations could diverge into separate species in the absence of g 
11841 1 n, but he also thought that populations could diverge into separate species in the absence of g 
15109 3                      in this project we shall study the changes on macroalgal communities to as 
f benthic vegetation. methodology: data will be obtained from national and international oceaog 
rnational oceaographic databaases. they will be analyzed andtched with the biological data. del 
15108 2 nd its effect on bio-optical conditions will be analyzed in hypersaline lakes and lagoons. the  
logical and ecophysiological approaches will give the basis for the evaluation of ecological st 
14770 9  reach such objectives three assesments will be carried out, in at least 30 sampling stations i 
etween 2000-4000 m.a.s.l. such stations will represent a gradient of environmental conditions,  
gionalization of the studied watersheds will be carried out, in the process the sites will be c 
e carried out, in the process the sites will be classified using multivariante statistics in st 
ence sites, each type benthic community will be established. then, the three indices behaviour  
conditions of antropogenical alteration will be evaluated to calibrate the invertebrate scoring 
the quality levels. finally, a protocol will be edited and proposed to the corresponding enviro 
wants to be relatively simple to apply, will guarantee their utilization in zones where materia 
 are scarce. in addition, these results will serve to validate the success of the protocol guad 
14807 1 ll around the iberian semiarid region , will allow their adjusment to facilitate their use in e 
10062 15 ndscape heterogeneity. such projections will inform the development of landscape management pla 
y conservation strategies that together will maximise species opportunities to adapt to climati 
nities to adapt to climatic changes. we will collect data documenting the impacts of a past inv 
system patterns in three landscapes. we will apply the techniques of palaeoecology, principally 
ll as one larger basin in each case, we will obtain records of the changing composition of indi 
ation composition. together, these data will allow us to reconstruct ecosystem patterns on the  
erns on the landscapes through time. we will focus our attention on the invasion of scots pine  
t of the remaining forests. the data we will collect will allow us to determine which parts of  
ining forests. the data we will collect will allow us to determine which parts of the landscape 
and overall landscape heterogeneity. we will also use a state-of-the-art vegetation model to si 
period when the invasion took place. we will compare simulated changes in ecosystem character a 
ed from the palaeovegetation data. this will enable us to evaluate the model s ability reliably 
its potential for such applications, we will apply the model to simulate one such potential fut 
tree into these landscapes. our results will be of direct relevance to various stakeholders, in 
iodiversity conservation strategies. we will ensure that they are communicated to such stakehol 
15378 1 nd mathematical modelling. this project will be a ground breaking advance in bridging the gap b 
7203 6 pisodes of dispersal / colonization. we will try to answer the question of the influence of lan 
ts. adapting to their host plant- plant will be the first part of the project. this issue will  
e first part of the project. this issue will be discussed from a theoretical perspective by stu 
ng graph theory and dynamic game theory will also be developed to study the impact of the struc 
l study of host specialization patterns will be performed on the psyllid vector cacopsylla prun 
d their natural enemies; this knowledge will help identify risk factors for the protection of p 
214 2 olecular dna sequence data, the project will contribute to the understanding of coevolution of  
e sequence and frequency/abundance data will be shortly publicly released to facilitate complem 
14163 2  different ecosystem regimes. this goal will be achieved by investigating the abundance dynamic 
ifferent ecosystem regimes. the project will provide more than half-century perspective of the  
15062 2 ic or tactile ones. in this project, we will address interspecific vocal mimicry, i.e. the rese 
 and 3 evolution. in the first case, we will focus on the learning processes, represented by ei 
14633 1  social system in the crow. the results will represent a great advance in the understanding of  
1950 1 imentally and by modelling. the results should contribute to a better understanding of the evol 
14801 3 cological and population processes that could make advantageous sexual reproduction in spite of 
ion in spite of the twofold cost of sex will dramatically increase the cost of sex. differentia 
ls among phylogenetically close species will be investigated.  
15311 2 in ecosystems, if apparently the latter could work as well with just one or a few species of ea 
. by investigating the above issues, we will contribute to expand our knowledge on host-symbion 
6739 4 e of quickly adapting to new conditions will be successful in colonizing a new area. the propos 
izing a new area. the proposed research will utilize the previously collected informations, too 
mportant in decomposition processes. we will look at ecological tolerance and life history stra 
 narrowly distributed species-pairs. we will conduct laboratory and field observations and expe 
14124 2 r growth of selected endangered species will be studied in a series of field and common garden  
ed species. the results of our research will be crucial for successful protection of estonian e 
14758 2 on the biological fitness , the results will provide important advances in the scientific knowl 
d, have not been studied yet. our study will show the levels of influence of every variable ana 
10214 2  strategies. through this fellowship, i will use four complementary empirical studies in both f 
ryos and larvae of coral reef fishes. i will use results from these studies to then develop and 
10949 3 e. the strength and position of the nac will be monitored during the ecomar project to allow ac 
d biological and physical measurements, will allow patterns of primary production over the mar  
dimenting aggregates the ecomar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind obse 
11056 3 e. the strength and position of the nac will be monitored during the ecomar project to allow ac 
d biological and physical measurements, will allow patterns of primary production over the mar  
dimenting aggregates the ecomar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind obse 
11425 3 e. the strength and position of the nac will be monitored during the ecomar project to allow ac 
d biological and physical measurements, will allow patterns of primary production over the mar  
dimenting aggregates the ecomar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind obse 
11432 3 e. the strength and position of the nac will be monitored during the ecomar project to allow ac 
d biological and physical measurements, will allow patterns of primary production over the mar  
dimenting aggregates the ecomar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind obse 
9893 3 e. the strength and position of the nac will be monitored during the ecomar project to allow ac 
d biological and physical measurements, will allow patterns of primary production over the mar  
dimenting aggregates the ecomar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind obse 
9900 3 e. the strength and position of the nac will be monitored during the ecomar project to allow ac 
d biological and physical measurements, will allow patterns of primary production over the mar  
dimenting aggregates the ecomar project will be able to identify the driving forces behind obse 
2037 6 tunities for such research. the project will focus on functional biodiversity. attention will b 
s on functional biodiversity. attention will be devoted to integrated modelling and interaction 
ed with marine systems and biodiversity will be studied. in particular, multiple effects of cha 
iple effects of changes in biodiversity will be considered. including use values, non-use value 
nd ecosystem impacts. some of the ideas will be applied in a case study of the north sea or the 
r the wadden sea. selection of the case will be part of the research and depend on conceptual/t 
1943 1  implications of agro- biodiversity and will be implemented by a post doc. the post doc, with a 
2103 1 combination of ecological criteria . we will focus on plankton-feeding fish and seabirds in the 
12513 8                             the project will support our understanding of the factors affecting 
rms already in the farm business survey will be combined with data collected from a further 80  
s. the university of wales, aberystwyth will continue to produce annual reports analysing the r 
ns to labour use on organic farms. this will be done by comparing sets of data from two recent  
d secure the employment is. comparisons will be made between different organic farm types, and  
, and with conventional farms. the work will benefit defra by providing good statistical data t 
upport payments. conventional producers will benefit through access to data on the financial pe 
 conversion. existing organic producers will benefit through better understanding of factors in 
9923 1 s isolates, and those of the predators, will be determined over a range of abiotic conditions t 
14970 1 ith climate change. this main objective will be reached by carrying out ten specific tasks sche 
14433 5 abitat. the effect of stress treatments will be evaluated by measuring the level of stress mark 
ll as during recovery after rehydration will be assessed by measuring the activity of some anti 
e as well as on photosynthetic activity will be studied, too. the analysis of the dsps and hsps 
nditions of desiccation and rehydration will be specially addressed. the results will contribut 
ill be specially addressed. the results will contribute to better understanding of the molecula 
2208 3 ational fisheries. the adaptive process will involve o an experimental whole lake management st 
arvestings on ecosystem dynamics. focus will be on the analysis of resilience in relation to th 
in the systems. theses management tools will be developed together with the other sub-projects  
2514 5 phy, as observed already. these changes will also affect the trophic flows in the ecosystems an 
o the phyto and zooplankton. this model will integrate spatial dynamics of the fish stocks over 
lations in order to address uncertainty will be developed based on an existing operational imr  
s model for the barents sea. this model will be parameterised using the biophysical model both  
rvest control rules for the fish stocks will be developed and evaluated.  
6729 1 osystems. the new methods to be applied will hopefully make it possible to reconstruct some lan 
14988 2 agrass meadows. these three main points will be complemented by specific research aimed at eval 
xpect that the outcomes of our research would help to a better and more integrative understandi 
14989 2 agrass meadows. these three main points will be complemented by specific research aimed at eval 
xpect that the outcomes of our research would help to a better and more integrative understandi 
2073 4 andry and its consequences. the project will conduct studies that analyze spatial variability i 
ity within reindeer herds. productivity will be studied with respect to the influence of reinde 
he decisions of management authorities, will be forceful social and political determinants of r 
 as the general spatial research design will be the main interdisciplinary denominators of the  
2086 4 andry and its consequences. the project will conduct studies that analyze spatial variability i 
ity within reindeer herds. productivity will be studied with respect to the influence of reinde 
he decisions of management authorities, will be forceful social and political determinants of r 
 as the general spatial research design will be the main interdisciplinary denominators of the  
10720 2  associated loss of ecosystem services, will accelerate their poverty. the overall goal of the  
and national governments. the ppd grant will allow us to review relevant policies and regulatio 
15482 1 onservation programmes. particularly we will determine the relative importance of plant-plant i 
13754 2 act in ecosystem restoration design. we will examine restoration measures in ecosystems and lin 
pristine levels, or developing them. we will evaluate and develop restoration measures in lands 
11402 12 these agroecosystems, is limited. vital will test the general hypothesis that the delivery of m 
tiple ecosystem service delivery. vital will focus on mountain grasslands where traditional liv 
iodiversity and ecosystem services. wp1 will use stakeholder semi-directed interviews and meeti 
tors they use for these services. wp2-4 will analyse current trends and condition of biodiversi 
 the individual plant to the field. wp2 will use advanced ecophysiological, biochemical and mol 
ffect carbon and nitrogen turnover. wp3 will then build multispecies assemblages by manipulatin 
rom differently managed grasslands. wp4 will test the robustness of this model across managemen 
gradients at the three field sites. wp5 will generate projections of future ecosystem service d 
es. their impacts on ecosystem services will be modelled using both a statistical approach base 
 wp4, and dynamic ecosystem models. wp6 will use a series of three workshops per site to identi 
uture for sustainable rural development will be delivered to policy makers. outreach to manager 
rs. outreach to managers and the public will be strengthened through the development of a train 
481 11 iodiversity and ecosystem services. wp1 will use stakeholder semi-directed interviews and meeti 
tors they use for these services. wp2-4 will analyse current trends and condition of biodiversi 
s and their underlying mechanisms. this will be done through a step-wise approach from the indi 
 the individual plant to the field. wp2 will use advanced ecophysiological, biochemical and mol 
ffect carbon and nitrogen turnover. wp3 will then build multispecies assemblages by manipulatin 
ity, and of c- and n-cycling processes, will provide a first model linking plant functional res 
cts on multiple ecosystem services. wp4 will test the robustness of this model across managemen 
gradients at the three field sites. wp5 will generate projections of future ecosystem service d 
es. their impacts on ecosystem services will be modelled using both a statistical approach base 
 in association patterns among services will be identified, and their relationships to plant-mi 
robial diversity linkages analysed. wp6 will use a series of three workshops per site to identi 
10486 1  key and ensures that the decision-tool will meet their needs, balancing the need to develop wi 
10141 5 nder the impact of the three gorges dam will be analyzed. the biodiversity, ecosystem resilienc 
s and accelerated environmental changes will be determined, with emphasis on natural reserves.  
asis on natural reserves. this research will deliver integrated strategies for sustainably mana 
out the consortium research.. a website will be established to publicise the aims of the projec 
s web-presence will not only inform but will also solicit for both academic and social input fo 
11169 5 nder the impact of the three gorges dam will be analyzed. the biodiversity, ecosystem resilienc 
s and accelerated environmental changes will be determined, with emphasis on natural reserves.  
asis on natural reserves. this research will deliver integrated strategies for sustainably mana 
out the consortium research.. a website will be established to publicise the aims of the projec 
s web-presence will not only inform but will also solicit for both academic and social input fo 
13987 2 is smooth, or abrupt and non-linear. we will focus on two agricultural landscapes, one in swede 
es from two widely different landscapes will help ensure a generality of the conceptual framewo 
7675 7 ble urban region in the french alps. we will capitalize on existing statistical and mechanistic 
ces and land-use change. our assessment will benefit from our detailed understanding of how bio 
nterconnected. trade-offs and synergies will be quantified by a specifically designed spatial m 
 analysis. besides the urban region, we will focus on two case study sub-systems: the intensive 
rvices, local and regional stakeholders will be involved in formulating the project working hyp 
potheses and scenarios. these scenarios will build on current urban planning exercises by publi 
-use and climate change projections. we will engage stakeholders in the comparison of scenarios 
12594 15  taking action in peatlands, management should strive to achieve multiple benefits and not impl 
coping study to a bigger project, which will inform the defra ecosystem approach framework in l 
tlands. as a scoping study this project will assess the availability of data and scientific evi 
ership with stakeholder expertise. work will be done using staff from the moors for the future  
and collation of expertise, the project will hold a conference inviting key peat stakeholders a 
th complementary expertise. the project will choose upland and lowland peatlands demonstration  
s for each site. for each case study we will identify and map key ecosystem services provided b 
f direct importance to this project and will therefore guarantee a successful delivery. to eval 
lows of peatland ecosystem services, we will determine suitable valuation data required to unde 
ance and restoration. where possible we will provide assements of cost-benefiot flows for ecosy 
 map opportunity and conflict zones. we will assess the capacity of each site to increase its e 
tem service provision between sites. we will assess the transferability of results from each ca 
to other areas. as a result the project will provide a list of the top 10 criteria for assessin 
ces are a matter of societal choice, we will use a transdisciplinary approach by involving soci 
the outset of the project. a conference will facilitate knowledge exchange, opportunities for e 
7629 1 troduced flora and spontaneous in town, will propose measures to preserve the ecosystem service 
1092 7 nization levels. detritus-based systems will be considered in terrestrial habitats and fresh an 
waters the entire bentho-pelagic system will be studied. investigation will concern three hiera 
c system will be studied. investigation will concern three hierarchical levels of ecological or 
, community and landscape. biodiversity will be defined at population level . the stable isotop 
ion level . the stable isotope analysis will be used also to study the brackish bentho-pelagic  
terrestrial parts of the lake watershed will concentrate on classifying procedures for corine h 
apping and productivity estimates which will be validated by geo-referenced field data.  
15116 2  methodology and sustainability indices will be very much applicable at eco-region scale. the p 
l to identify the priority actions that would be able to avoid or minimize the human impacts on 
15117 2  methodology and sustainability indices will be very much applicable at eco-region scale. the p 
l to identify the priority actions that would be able to avoid or minimize the human impacts on 
7401 2 entification of polymorphism, the study will be extended to 300 genotypes. polymorphisms explai 
sms explaining the phenotypic variation will be sought by association genetics  
7565 1 tements and mycorrhizal fruiting bodies will be performed at various spatial and temporal scale 
14946 3 that a contrasting physical soil theory would emerge. the conflict between these two viewpoints 
ls of dolomite and peridotites outcrops will be compared between them and with limestone soils  
 the mining resources. these objectives will be met through the concrete goal detailed along th 
13741 2 wing contrasting responses to edges. we will test the hypothesis that magnitude and distance of 
 in sample plots and transects. a model will be constructed for predicting edge effects on biod 
13318 5 to build a world leading capacity. edit will create a european virtual centre of excellence, wh 
ean virtual centre of excellence, which will increase both the scientific basis and capacity fo 
ch for taxonomy based information. edit will address significant information and management of  
 one across european institutions. edit will bring together the leading taxonomic institutions  
ing north american and russian partners will make it a worldwide leading network: the consortiu 
15269 2 sites the n content in leaves and soils will be measured, as well as the soil solution and stre 
the calculation of critical loads for n will be applied, in order to determine the protection s 
199 4 rs of trees in relation to air humidity will be studied. the aim of studies is to find out, how 
 birch, triploid aspen and hybrid aspen will be grown at different air humidities in growth-cha 
ameters after air humidity manipulation will be measured. mechanisms of interactions between ph 
s of air humidity on these interactions will be studied in leaf chamber experiments. interactio 
2055 1 , and paleoclimatological expertise and will train one post-doc, one phd, and several mas.  
15302 2  the project that we are presenting, we would like to go one step further to that derived from  
t derived from population genetics that will help us understand the adaptive processes which ha 
198 7 les . functioning of antennal receptors will be explained in some of these agriculturally impor 
 food choice and daily activity rhythms will be explained. to the chemical communication of the 
insects with their external environment will be given much attention. by gas chromatography-ele 
ion in click beetles and ground beetles will be studied. mechanisms of olfactory orientation of 
 olfactory orientation of these insects will be explained also. some international cooperation  
eration with swedish pheromone chemists will be developed. research material for phd and msc di 
 material for phd and msc dissertations will be collected.  
7123 1 n and species composition of ecosystems should alter the composition and functioning of soil mi 
6910 5 rchard with integrated plant projection will be divided in three plots. the alleys will be mech 
l be divided in three plots. the alleys will be mechanically cultivated in the first plot, the  
e first plot, the grasses in the alleys will be regularly mowed in the second one and flowering 
d in the second one and flowering herbs will be sown in the alleys of the third plot. the effec 
 main pests and predators in the canopy will be investigated.  
15518 1 ding units . the results of the project will allow us to understand how different management st 
15289 1 ment . the results from this subproject will hopefully contribute toward the definition of a ba 
7202 1 of laboratories involved in the project will characterize microger key bacterial and fungal com 
12507 7  channels. regular communication events will be arranged, mainly field based on the experimenta 
sed on the experimental sites. articles will also be written for the farming press and presente 
ate conferences and on websites. papers will be written for peer reviewed journals and an advis 
viewed journals and an advisory booklet will be produced. this project will be led by hdra work 
 booklet will be produced. this project will be led by hdra working in collaboration with warwi 
c services, oas efrc, iger. the project will be guided by a steering committee. benefits this p 
nderstanding and knowledge in this area will also be of benefit to other stakeholders eg policy 
11669 8  a single mutation of recent origin, it will be associated with a unique extended haplotype for 
at when the favoured allele spreads, it will do so in linkage with a large part of its parent h 
 the diversity of carbonaria haplotypes should have changed relatively little. by contrast, dur 
study is that the evolutionary dynamics will be analysed with respect to both space and time, b 
ion centred around the carbonaria locus will be assayed in a sample of about 1000 moths represe 
 back to 19th c. analysis of these data will reveal the age and identity of the original mutant 
 origins. patterns in genetic diversity will be explained with respect to selection, immigratio 
e of a clinal selective sweep our study will make a substantial contribution to the understandi 
14434 6 on the structure of studied communities will be analyzed. the study is based on contemporary me 
position and abundances of model groups will be determined using different approaches based on  
ots. the expected results of this study will have scientific and applied value. they will provi 
have scientific and applied value. they will provide new data on the relationships between the  
genic effect of ski-runs. these results will serve as a baseline for future studies in this sci 
re studies in this scientific field and will contribute to make recommendations for sustainable 
10175 5               quantitative measurements will be made of rates of gene transcription in single f 
atory cultures. quantitative pcr assays will be developed for rbcs and rbcl, the genes for stru 
d genes coding for gas vesicle proteins will be determined in planktothrix spp. at different te 
re. the transcription rate of rbc genes will be related to the rate of photosynthesis at differ 
es. the transcription rate of gvp genes will also be measured at different daily photon insolat 
13806 7                          climate change will lead to shifts in species distributions. this call 
 beechs climate envelope . this project will provide predictions for the effect of different na 
ese established stands. the predictions will be based on population simulations in assumed land 
s of establishment rate and pattern. we will start up by simulating fictitious species’ coloniz 
tion models based on empirical data, we will simulate real species’ colonization of established 
ions in changing landscapes. the method will not require data from repeated surveys, which are  
ting metapopulation models. finally, we will identify extinction thresholds for a red-listed mo 
2068 1 mine if a shift in the pollinator fauna will have impacts on the plant species composition and  
14814 3 imate of mediterranean regions in spain will be characterized by higher temperatures and lower  
res and lower rainfall, conditions that will increase the degree of abiotic stress experienced  
 abiotic stress gradient. this proposal will provide relevant information for policy makers to  
14754 4 s by transmission electronic microscopy will complete the study. the project will include the s 
py will complete the study. the project will include the searching and study of natural populat 
racteristic of a singular habitat, that will allow elaborate suitable conservation plans. the p 
ity to use e. andevalensis in gardening will also be explored.  
15270 1 utive body of clrtap. both institutions will be external observer entities of the subproject ed 
15216 2 ited by this nutrient. these objectives will address both in the field by simulating fertilizat 
variables of the response of the system should focus on those related to effects on the seed ba 
13818 2  n-deposition. in addition, the studies will also investigate if n-deposition has caused eutrop 
trient enrichment enclosure experiments will be conducted in large number of lakes in different 
13614 3 inction/colonisation rates, the project will focus on vegetation type transitions rather than s 
 of a single species. thus, the project will gain important knowledge of vegetation responses t 
oth climate and reindeer grazing, which will be of great importance for sustainable use of graz 
2172 3 e areas at reasonable cost. the methods will be demonstrated on a 1500 km n-s gradient. the lid 
future monitoring programs. experiments will be set up to gain a basic understanding of climati 
g the alpine tree line. by doing so, we will be able to provide estimates with respect to the r 
416 1 gmentation, no direct harvesting effect could be discerned. however, higher diversities tend to 
2002 7 erature, precipitation and n deposition will have on the competition between sphagnum species a 
te of carbon sequestration. the project will focus on four sites in a north-south transect thro 
dient. along this transect peat samples will be transplanted from northern to southern sites to 
n and the accumulated amounts of carbon will be measured. experiments will be performed under c 
of carbon will be measured. experiments will be performed under controlled conditions to analys 
num species. in separate experiments we will measure potential growth, dead moss decomposabilit 
it mass increment. these plant features will be related to morphological features as branching  
13533 3 els that predict how a changing climate will affect the distribution of pike and its effects on 
ecolonization after rotenone treatments will be used. b to build mechanistic models describing  
 an intermediate consumer. these models will be parameterized using published data on the tempe 
14920 3  developping a mathematical model which would allow to link biodiversity and carbon cycle. thes 
sity and carbon cycle. these three aims will provide a better understanding of the functional r 
stems to global warming and, therefore, will reduce uncertainaties for future climate change pr 
15384 1 pheric general circulation models , and will try to determine whether any changes in soil mycor 
2139 5 isms to adapt to a changing environment will determine their response to climatic manipulations 
ic manipulations. the proposed research will be complementary to the ongoing research, and the  
le of the microarthropods in the system will be elucidated. sampling will take place in existin 
the system will be elucidated. sampling will take place in existing field plots, in addition to 
igned for this project. the main effort will be on functional aspects on ecosystem level of pro 
2080 2 sk of damages by the spruce bark beetle will be estimated under various scenarios of climate ch 
cenarios of climate change. the results will be made available for economical modelling and for 
10526 1                            this project will test the hypothesis that sea water acidification,  
13855 2 and ecosystem function. specifically, i will examine multi-trophic effects of community complex 
mbined influence of light and nutrients should promote strong interactions on local diversity a 
10814 9                    the next fifty years will be a critical time for life on this planet. our ac 
 planet. our actions within this period will set the magnitude of the extinction wave that is p 
 what we do now, or what we fail to do, will resonate through time, affecting every future inha 
other place, some of them endemics that could go extinct. we cannot survey all of the thousands 
nds of species found there. instead, we will focus on snails. the reasons for this are: on a se 
 desirability for the shell trade. this will help us determine vulnerability to biodiversity lo 
roving our understanding of reef change will help us devise management strategies that can stem 
rts, this study, and future research we will develop from it, will help focus public attention  
uture research we will develop from it, will help focus public attention on the problem of cora 
10954 5         samples of calanus finmarchicus will be collected during spring and summer from approxi 
rosatellite primers for c. finmarchicus will be developed and used to analyse levels and patter 
 and between samples. the data obtained will be used to establish the presence of sub-populatio 
 together with associated gene flow and will be interpreted in relation to the current structur 
ity application 2.3. complementary data will be obtained from a limited number of winter sample 
13829 1 e hollow oaks data atuppalndsstiftelsen will be the base for a similar mapping process. except  
13467 2 ion dynamics and population genetics. i will use colour polymorphism in pygmy grasshoppers as a 
pygmy grasshoppers as a model system. i will combine information on colour morph frequencies th 
11682 2                               the study will be based on community-wide quantitative inventorie 
cupancy and abundance of single species will be carried out primarily using generalized linear  
2005 1 is expected that global climate changes will affect plants most directly, and thes changes incl 
12193 2 eases in bird numbers. this information will have direct application to the refinement of ae de 
 devon and other regions of the uk, and will therefore contribute to the delivery of the govern 
2095 1 ing from a scientific point of view. it should also enable us to better understand variation in 
13441 2 a´s principal conservation issues. this will be achieved by gathering detailed information on s 
gime and herbivore pressure. these data should increase our understanding of the biophysical ch 
7140 6 iption of the patterns of diversity and will interpret the dynamics and causes of observed chan 
f primary productivity and flexibility, will be identified and interpreted according to the the 
 dynamics of diversity. temporal trends will be analyzed and interpreted according to the effec 
sheries of the Gulf of Gascony. it also will integrate the fishing mortality generated by a fle 
ime of fishing fleets on this structure will be simulated by adding a specific dependency mecha 
the operation and impact of the warming will be analyzed.  
14966 3 ivity in the river network. the effects will be analysed on the community structure of algae, m 
eme events of low flow . these analyses will be developed in headwater reaches, which are sensi 
o the biological diversity. the results will contribute to the comprehension of the effects of  
13967 6                            this project will investigate effects of fragmentation and invasion  
llinator abundance. pollination service will be estimated in large continuous semi-natural gras 
hyllus, which is common in road-verges, will be studied by comparing pollination success in exp 
ded sites. decay in pollination service will be indicated by increased pollen limitation and de 
ation on maternal and offspring success will be investigated, and the importance of pollen limi 
 population and metapopulation dynamics will be indirectly studied by seed addition experiments 
13849 6 derstanding of fragmentation effects we will quantify extinction and colonization rates. extinc 
ion rates as a function of habitat size will be quantified from the incidence of species in iso 
tion isolated the lake from the sea, we will use remains of fish scales and zooplankton in lake 
ake sediments. effects of introductions will be quantified by comparing diversity patterns befo 
s of fragmentation and introductions we will use data on the outcome of introductions to formul 
 size and presence of other species. we will use an existing data set that cover all lakes in a 
7125 1 systems. This multidisciplinary project will combine multiple oceanographers.  
15184 1 eater flamingo on bacterial assemblages will be assessed.  
15245 3  of particular species in the landscape will depend on certain biological and ecological attrib 
ts at the species and population levels will be recorded in relation to species persistence. pl 
sistence. plant-pollinator interactions will also be surveyed to characterize the effect of lan 
13953 2 rsity and abundance. thus, this project will be able to predict how much mussel habitat should  
able to predict how much mussel habitat should be conserved for persistence of populations and  
13830 3 ulations is affected. in this project i will test hypothesis concerning the effect of algae on  
n the survival during later life stages will also be evaluated and the recruitment potential of 
itment potential of the nursery grounds will be modelled based on the deliveries from this proj 
12177 1 data analysis at the end of the project will inform any recommendations for a low-cost extensio 
11066 7  from the system as a whole. ecologists would call such a system a metapopulation. knowing wher 
tions are found for parasites in nature would be of great interest, because it could explain wh 
 would be of great interest, because it could explain why the risk of becoming infected varies  
ted varies between different places and could give us clues about how to potentially eradicate  
pulations in wild species. this project will study two rodent species and their parasites on th 
ds for two years. based on these data i will determine whether this system could provide one of 
ta i will determine whether this system could provide one of the first examples for host popula 
14741 1 lteration of the lower ebro river which will be sampled seasonally, with the purpose of charact 
11547 7 ingneck parakeet and barred ground dove will provide out-bred control populations. each populat 
 programme. field aviaries on mauritius will enable replicate measurement of an individuals imm 
on as infection progresses. the project will use confirmed pedigrees to identify individual inb 
rakeet population, and pigeon pedigrees will be confirmed using archived samples. immunocompete 
sing archived samples. immunocompetence will be measured in ~180 birds from each of the four po 
s-haemagglutination assays. pha methods will be calibrated in captivity before use on free-livi 
ving populations. general linear models will identify effects of inbreeding on immunocompetence 
2136 4 ackerel in the norwegian sea. this goal will be achieved through a combined effort involving hi 
data analysis and modeling. the project will benefit strongly from extensive data sets on physi 
ovel individual based modeling approach will be used to generate data driven 3d distributions o 
ctions over the life cycle. the project will improve our understanding of the functioning of th 
13944 5 processes at the local scale. the study will be performed in ponds along the river rhine, which 
egional factors, and how they interact, will be evaluated by an observational survey of ponds w 
 in a subsequent mesocosm experiment, i will test the interacting effects of regional diversity 
ty and biotic interactions. the project will provide an empirical testing of central theoretica 
bout processes regulating diversity and will provide new insights in the long-term consequences 
14718 1 ge. in the particular case of spain, it could be also suggested a strong impact on land composi 
14833 2 f heathlands to higher latitudes, which would mean their complete disappearance from the iberia 
ease in precipitation during the summer could favour the development of dry heathlands more tha 
14832 2 f heathlands to higher latitudes, which would mean their complete disappearance from the iberia 
ease in precipitation during the summer could favour the development of dry heathlands more tha 
12172 1 ject. as with the summer work, the data would compare between treatments, taking into account t 
15218 4 der selection from a suite of predators would be readily activated by cues from a novel invasiv 
r species, and if they do, whether they would be as effective as against native predators. the  
amphibian populations exposed to it. we will compare the density-dependent and trait-mediated e 
ure of trophic webs. to this purpose we will use a highly multidisciplinary approach combining  
13968 4 ions. to cover the range of effects, we will perform studies on islands without colonies, on ac 
owing the increased nutrient inflow, we will use recent advances in ecological stoichiometry, w 
ntal composition. to study dynamics, we will quantify density response across multiple years fo 
s associated with lythrum salicaria. we will also use experiments, both in the field and in the 
2515 3 collaborative experimental project that will examine possible negative consequences of near fut 
ally important species . work package 2 will involve a microarray approach in order to reveal m 
y be used as biomarkers. work package 3 will involve incorporation of the findings from wp1&2 i 
13843 4 iversity at different spatial scales. i will here test the hypothesis that reindeer grazing inc 
ss at large spatial scales. moreover, i will also study whether the effect of reindeer on speci 
ral experiments and descriptive studies will be used. these studies will increase our knowledge 
ive studies will be used. these studies will increase our knowledge on how reindeer affect spec 
13488 6  have been extremely warm. how reindeer will interact with climate induced vegetation changes a 
egetation changes are poorly studied. i will study these questions in 48 exclosures that were b 
of trees were sown in each exclosure. i will study how reindeer influence plant community compo 
ored by a warmer climate. field studies will be combined with mathematical modeling of carbon a 
these theoretical and empirical studies will be important for evaluating the sustainability of  
duced vegetation changes. these studies will reveal if reindeer can prevent the increase of shr 
14900 1 loitation and nature conservation. this will improve the sustainability in the use of natural r 
13739 2 butaries. changes in migration patterns should affect organisms at lower trophic levels, result 
d ecosystem functioning. the hypotheses will be tested using a combination of surveys and large 
13844 1 e aquatic studies. the proposed project will be performed by a combination of field observation 
11769 1 e results of these experimental studies will be used to parameterise models that link sex alloc 
9906 1 e results of these experimental studies will be used to parameterise models that link sex alloc 
13698 4  and thinning program on timber quality will be quantified in such a way that it can be used in 
opment of value in planning instruments will probably increase the long-term profitability of n 
ay spruce in a predictable way and this will also affect timber quality. growth and timber-qual 
mber quality. growth and timber-quality will be investigated in old experiments with different  
1088 6 on and cover. objective of this project will be the experimental and modelling study of the pri 
results by the different research units will be used to develop a new integrated model able to  
y distributed c and n fluxes. the model will be implemented on the basis of an existing model b 
earch programme. the simulation results will be statistically analysed by means of advanced met 
es and the use of neural networks. this will make possible a model evaluation and discussion on 
d temporal scales. simulation exercises will be run under different scenarios of climatic and e 
15446 1  within the scope of climate change. we will be able to discern changes in ecosystem processes  
15517 4 is likely that in the near future there will be marked changes in the distributions and phenolo 
the impacts of climate change, since it could lead to considerable under- or over-estimations o 
 the activities proposed by the project will complete the series to an 11 year dataset by 2014. 
se of abundance, a comparative analysis will also be carried out to determine if those species  
14790 1  of the relationship cattle . the study will evaluated which is going to be the effect of cattl 
15099 4 moted by the predicted temperature rise will reduce the competition for internal resources requ 
er duration of the drought period which could counteract the first effect leading to a greater  
e to the forecasted climatic conditions will be greater in the deciduous than in the evergreen  
an in the evergreen quercus species. we will test these hypotheses in climatically contrasting  
15021 1 etalayotic and talayotic culture, which could represent more than a simple adoption of new cust 
14645 1 etalayotic and talayotic culture, which could represent more than a simple adoption of new cust 
14636 2 invasion by s. muticum. in addition, we will determine and compare the effects of s. muticum an 
d sampling and manipulative experiments will be used to test the general hypothesis that: the i 
14755 8 d that the disappearance of one species could imply several changes in the food web to which it 
ersity and food webs is obvious, and it should be deepened in those areas of knowledge which wo 
pened in those areas of knowledge which would allow the evaluation of the effect of these chang 
tical mathematical tools or graphs that would permit the study, amongst other things, of the co 
nd iii model equations or formulas that would allow the prediction of the dynamic not only betw 
 and the achievement of its stability , will allow it to work with laboratory maintained popula 
ferential equations and graph analysis, will permit the adaptation of analytical models of netw 
thus, conclusions of great significance could be deduced, bringing answers that are, at the mom 
7590 1 cal bacterial populations. consultation will be conducted on other imported plants can thus ben 
15385 4 ge in the strength of winter conditions could lead to morphological and chemical acclimation in 
mation in evergreen leaves that in turn would affect their photosynthetic capacity. on the cont 
avorable for photosynthesis, and, then, could respond to any climatic change with phenological  
vironments. the results of the research will help to predict the implications of future changes 
6955 12 nce can be broken easily. therefore, it would be desirable to incorporate a horizontal' virus r 
 resistance trait into major crops that could provide durable protection against many different 
n which the readthrough is inefficient, could be resistant against all readthrough utilizing vi 
e gene expression strategy of the virus should be completely changed. in yeast, mutant terminat 
 transient readthrough measuring system will be established. we would clone the termination fac 
easuring system will be established. we would clone the termination factors of tobacco, and the 
rs of tobacco, and then several mutants would be generated from these genes. the mutant termina 
e genes. the mutant termination factors would be transiently expressed and their effect on read 
pressed and their effect on readthrough would be studied in the readthrough measuring system. m 
eadthrough efficacy in transient assays will be stable expressed in transgenic tobacco lines, a 
en the virus resistance of these plants will be tested. finally, if any of these lines is virus 
ermination factors of other major crops will be created.  
11869 2 of these lineages. the proposed project will thus seek to provide a more fundamental understand 
ed in specific environments the project will potentially provide important new information on t 
11393 1 esocosms. taken together these packages will provide a holistic patch- to basin-scale evaluatio 
7507 1 n and domestic grandparents. genotyping will be performed with microsatellite markers located o 
15161 3 isms in biotechnology. most of the work will focus on nitrogen metabolism. to obtain new bacter 
e development of complex biofilms which will offer a higher degree of stability to the living b 
r with their metabolic characterization will enhance the comprehension of the role of bacteria  
10734 6  in new environments and in the process will adapt their biology. as every different animal is  
cies may exist. each of these parasites could potentially represent a future danger both to hum 
present in the original sample. here we will use this strategy to begin to enumerate the number 
onments. the group of parasites that we will survey are the microsporidia. these are highly unu 
 of quantification of different species will enable us to tell how successfully microsporidia h 
versified in different environments. it will indicate whether there are particular environments 
10597 7 hey do. to answer the first question we will look at the molecular composition of the microbial 
acteristics. to assess soil function we will look at how these soils play a role in the cycling 
pect that the indigenous microorganisms will use this as a carbon substrate and break down this 
mature soil from neighbouring locations will also be sampled. these soils will also be examined 
tions will also be sampled. these soils will also be examined using the same methods as describ 
iculties in sampling. winter conditions will commence in september and it is essential that rob 
group of soil scientists in iceland who will assist in the fieldwork planning and execution and 
14693 1 pe. the results generated by this study will be of main value in the future recovery of wild po 
14910 1 ts region. -in the population level, we shall study the evolutive patterns and speciation model 
10134 4 iable, signal production or maintenance should be costly. in many species, testosterone enhance 
esis , this dual action of testosterone would prevent cheating. however, the exact mechanisms b 
ncing levels of sexual ornamentation. i will focus on the dual effects of two hormones genes, w 
adigm in studies of sexual selection. i will investigate how mhc genotype influences the trade- 
14843 1 ised via secondary sexual ornaments. we will investigate whether mhc genotype explains variatio 
11083 2 nt concentration and specific leaf area will be taken to scale branch-level measurements across 
ross age classes. in the greenhouse, we will graft cuttings taken from trees of different ages  
10452 5               two complementary studies will examine how energetic considerations shape the for 
ack-browed albatrosses. the first study will test the hypothesis that the breeding success of a 
duals with known breeding histories, we will determine whether between-individual at-sea activi 
 reproductive success. the second study will test the hypotheses that, during the non-breeding  
ing success feed in different areas. we will examine the economics of foraging on circumglobal  
11024 7 he resulting electronic traces recorded will reveal the time spent on various activities such a 
 feeding, walking and running. the data will also be used to calculate a proxy of energy expend 
verall dynamic body acceleration . this will complement the energetics data and provide a fine- 
ities and their associated energy costs will be elucidated to paint a complete picture of the a 
f the animals energy budgets. the study will provide valuable information as to how carnivores  
general manage their energy budgets. it will also demonstrate how the measurement of physiologi 
of rare and threatened species. thus we shall be providing insights into how energetic constrai 
10816 2 eral public, including school children, will learn about great ape ecology and our ancestral he 
 the parkour athletic discipline and we will produce a document for parkour generations that pr 
14655 2 d degrees of environmental stress. this will lead to the design of a system for detecting and a 
 into their temporary oscillations, and would facilitate the design of practical tools for the  
10661 12 f land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive impacts on these s 
 the energyscape and ecosystem services could help guide the deployment of land-based renewable 
d local stakeholder groups, the project will identify the key sources of renewable energy withi 
ystems and existing models, the project will then develop a spatial description of the energysc 
 some models are weaker than others, we will use a plug and play framework, as used in computin 
come available. similarly, the approach will allow new data sources to be included as they beco 
ting from the base-line description, we will then investigate the benefits and losses associate 
e to the demand for energy, the outputs will not be simply additive. similarly, there will be c 
ot be simply additive. similarly, there will be complex interactions between energy generation  
e ecosystem services. some interactions will be antagonistic . by using appropriate visualisati 
roach developed in this research, which will be limited to the renewables and ecosystems of a s 
e academic efficacy of our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them 
10912 12 f land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive impacts on these s 
 the energyscape and ecosystem services could help guide the deployment of land-based renewable 
d local stakeholder groups, the project will identify the key sources of renewable energy withi 
ystems and existing models, the project will then develop a spatial description of the energysc 
 some models are weaker than others, we will use a plug and play framework, as used in computin 
come available. similarly, the approach will allow new data sources to be included as they beco 
ting from the base-line description, we will then investigate the benefits and losses associate 
e to the demand for energy, the outputs will not be simply additive. similarly, there will be c 
ot be simply additive. similarly, there will be complex interactions between energy generation  
e ecosystem services. some interactions will be antagonistic . by using appropriate visualisati 
roach developed in this research, which will be limited to the renewables and ecosystems of a s 
e academic efficacy of our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them 
11158 12 f land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive impacts on these s 
 the energyscape and ecosystem services could help guide the deployment of land-based renewable 
d local stakeholder groups, the project will identify the key sources of renewable energy withi 
ystems and existing models, the project will then develop a spatial description of the energysc 
 some models are weaker than others, we will use a plug and play framework, as used in computin 
come available. similarly, the approach will allow new data sources to be included as they beco 
ting from the base-line description, we will then investigate the benefits and losses associate 
e to the demand for energy, the outputs will not be simply additive. similarly, there will be c 
ot be simply additive. similarly, there will be complex interactions between energy generation  
e ecosystem services. some interactions will be antagonistic . by using appropriate visualisati 
roach developed in this research, which will be limited to the renewables and ecosystems of a s 
e academic efficacy of our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them 
11170 12 f land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive impacts on these s 
 the energyscape and ecosystem services could help guide the deployment of land-based renewable 
d local stakeholder groups, the project will identify the key sources of renewable energy withi 
ystems and existing models, the project will then develop a spatial description of the energysc 
 some models are weaker than others, we will use a plug and play framework, as used in computin 
come available. similarly, the approach will allow new data sources to be included as they beco 
ting from the base-line description, we will then investigate the benefits and losses associate 
e to the demand for energy, the outputs will not be simply additive. similarly, there will be c 
ot be simply additive. similarly, there will be complex interactions between energy generation  
e ecosystem services. some interactions will be antagonistic . by using appropriate visualisati 
roach developed in this research, which will be limited to the renewables and ecosystems of a s 
e academic efficacy of our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them 
11420 12 f land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive impacts on these s 
 the energyscape and ecosystem services could help guide the deployment of land-based renewable 
d local stakeholder groups, the project will identify the key sources of renewable energy withi 
ystems and existing models, the project will then develop a spatial description of the energysc 
 some models are weaker than others, we will use a plug and play framework, as used in computin 
come available. similarly, the approach will allow new data sources to be included as they beco 
ting from the base-line description, we will then investigate the benefits and losses associate 
e to the demand for energy, the outputs will not be simply additive. similarly, there will be c 
ot be simply additive. similarly, there will be complex interactions between energy generation  
e ecosystem services. some interactions will be antagonistic . by using appropriate visualisati 
roach developed in this research, which will be limited to the renewables and ecosystems of a s 
e academic efficacy of our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them 
11421 12 f land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive impacts on these s 
 the energyscape and ecosystem services could help guide the deployment of land-based renewable 
d local stakeholder groups, the project will identify the key sources of renewable energy withi 
ystems and existing models, the project will then develop a spatial description of the energysc 
 some models are weaker than others, we will use a plug and play framework, as used in computin 
come available. similarly, the approach will allow new data sources to be included as they beco 
ting from the base-line description, we will then investigate the benefits and losses associate 
e to the demand for energy, the outputs will not be simply additive. similarly, there will be c 
ot be simply additive. similarly, there will be complex interactions between energy generation  
e ecosystem services. some interactions will be antagonistic . by using appropriate visualisati 
roach developed in this research, which will be limited to the renewables and ecosystems of a s 
e academic efficacy of our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them 
11701 12 f land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive impacts on these s 
 the energyscape and ecosystem services could help guide the deployment of land-based renewable 
d local stakeholder groups, the project will identify the key sources of renewable energy withi 
ystems and existing models, the project will then develop a spatial description of the energysc 
 some models are weaker than others, we will use a plug and play framework, as used in computin 
come available. similarly, the approach will allow new data sources to be included as they beco 
ting from the base-line description, we will then investigate the benefits and losses associate 
e to the demand for energy, the outputs will not be simply additive. similarly, there will be c 
ot be simply additive. similarly, there will be complex interactions between energy generation  
e ecosystem services. some interactions will be antagonistic . by using appropriate visualisati 
roach developed in this research, which will be limited to the renewables and ecosystems of a s 
e academic efficacy of our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them 
11702 12 f land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive impacts on these s 
 the energyscape and ecosystem services could help guide the deployment of land-based renewable 
d local stakeholder groups, the project will identify the key sources of renewable energy withi 
ystems and existing models, the project will then develop a spatial description of the energysc 
 some models are weaker than others, we will use a plug and play framework, as used in computin 
me available. . similarly, the approach will allow new data sources to be included as they beco 
ting from the base-line description, we will then investigate the benefits and losses associate 
e to the demand for energy, the outputs will not be simply additive. similarly, there will be c 
ot be simply additive. similarly, there will be complex interactions between energy generation  
tem services. some systems interactions will tend to be antagonistic . by using appropriate vis 
roach developed in this research, which will be limited to the renewables and ecosystems of a s 
e academic efficacy of our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them 
9896 12 f land-based renewable energy resources will have both negative and positive impacts on these s 
 the energyscape and ecosystem services could help guide the deployment of land-based renewable 
d local stakeholder groups, the project will identify the key sources of renewable energy withi 
ystems and existing models, the project will then develop a spatial description of the energysc 
 some models are weaker than others, we will use a plug and play framework, as used in computin 
come available. similarly, the approach will allow new data sources to be included as they beco 
ting from the base-line description, we will then investigate the benefits and losses associate 
e to the demand for energy, the outputs will not be simply additive. similarly, there will be c 
ot be simply additive. similarly, there will be complex interactions between energy generation  
e ecosystem services. some interactions will be antagonistic . by using appropriate visualisati 
roach developed in this research, which will be limited to the renewables and ecosystems of a s 
e academic efficacy of our approach, we will submit papers for peer review, seeking to get them 
12644 4 enforcement of wider marine legislation could be used. the intended output was a report focussi 
mprove enforcement. options of how this could be achieved and what changes to existing powers,  
tain some interesting ideas which defra will consider. they will need to analyse from a legal a 
g ideas which defra will consider. they will need to analyse from a legal and policy perspectiv 
12478 1 on-makers like the planning authorities will ultimately protect and enhance the natural environ 
10168 1 cantly enhanced mineralisation of 2,4-d will be made.  
14839 4 ls by using bioactive compounds. assays will be carried out with two types of plants. firstly,  
ontaneously on metal-contaminated sites will be treated with salicylic acid and nitric oxide in 
fore the beginning of mining activities will be produced using micropropagation techniques and  
ical, cellular and physiological levels will be carried out. the final goal of the proposal is  
7472 1 novel approaches to knowledge brokering will explore novel modalities of knowledge brokerage th 
462 5 or species and reservoirs. this project will be concentrated to the island of madagascar, an is 
ase have affected human populations. we will analyze three arbovirus diseases: the chikungunya  
ics and endemic diseases in mankind. we will study the dispersal and the competences of differe 
d with the various examined viruses. we will evaluate the role of lemurs, the only non-human pr 
. programmed for three years, our study will be carried out in three regions that are character 
15359 4 ponges can withstand. the proposed work will address causes of mortality and the recovery capac 
sing an energetic approach, the project will contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms  
 a better understanding of these topics will help us to elucidate the causes and mechanisms und 
ty events. obtaining such understanding should allow us to predict future impact on other speci 
13950 3 n otoliths, with promising results. she will have a fundamental background in physics, but will 
 fundamental background in physics, but will intern with the co-investigators for training in f 
ng in fisheries science and ecology. we will apply the new methods to case studies of dire fish 
10995 3 ession, is almost unknown. our research will use a combination of large-scale manipulative fiel 
in an intraspecific phylogeny. the work will involve a collaboration between researchers at uni 
a 75% time technician. the study system will be british populations of sweat bees.  
11053 3 ession, is almost unknown. our research will use a combination of large-scale manipulative fiel 
in an intraspecific phylogeny. the work will involve a collaboration between researchers at uni 
a 75% time technician. the study system will be british populations of sweat bees.  
11787 3 ession, is almost unknown. our research will use a combination of large-scale manipulative fiel 
in an intraspecific phylogeny. the work will involve a collaboration between researchers at uni 
a 75% time technician. the study system will be british populations of sweat bees.  
11091 2  maximum muscle mass between the morphs will be investigated. the interactions between environm 
 numbers and fibre recruitment patterns will be investigated in laboratory studies. we wish to  
7107 1  of the cotentin marshes and bessin. we will share our experiences with these partners during t 
13599 3 pulation viability. in this project, we will use the perennial herb primula farinosa as a model 
s and stochastic demographic models, we will explore how adaptive genetic variation among and w 
 and land use. based on the results, we will formulate and communicate recommendations on how t 
14664 6 e centre-east of the iberian peninsula, will be compared. diverse techniques and methods will b 
ompared. diverse techniques and methods will be applied to the sediment studies; mineralogical, 
biochemical, and palinological analyses will be performed, as well as the analyses of remains o 
cods, among others. the last 2000 years will be studied in more detail, because they offer an e 
cally documented. palaeoecological data shall be correlated with the historical and instrumenta 
ogical and paleoclimatic reconstruction will be incorporated into novel models to provide predi 
12286 2 mixed-agriculture farm. data collection will continue at drayton during 2009-2012. the maintena 
he collection and processing of samples will continue to follow the ecn protocols.  
11853 4  others are much less discriminatory. i will look at how local habitat quality influences sexua 
e rainforests of peninsular malaysia. i will ask whether environmental stress affects mating be 
female s clutch of eggs these questions will investigated further under more controlled and sim 
varying levels of stress. such findings will allow me to test how the strength of selection on  
14587 2  in both species. then this information will be useful to evaluate in vitro effects of everyone 
 threatened species from the same place will be analyzed in order to assess if they are useful  
10999 2 l remains. analysis of multi-proxy data will enable the first comprehensive reconstruction of e 
 region in ois3-2. comparative evidence will be examined from gibraltar caves and the pollen se 
11207 2 l remains. analysis of multi-proxy data will enable the first comprehensive reconstruction of e 
 region in ois3-2. comparative evidence will be examined from gibraltar caves and the pollen se 
11789 2 l remains. analysis of multi-proxy data will enable the first comprehensive reconstruction of e 
 region in ois3-2. comparative evidence will be examined from gibraltar caves and the pollen se 
10462 4 ogy in the animal kingdom. this project will identify novel genes which are differentially expr 
osmotic challenge in teleost fish. this will be achieved by the screening of micro arrays const 
flounder. in a second phase the project will examine in detail a selected number of novel diffe 
changes in the environment. the results will provide a more complete picture of the mechanisms  
11747 4 e species to thrive on calcareous soils will contribute to the development of strategies to mai 
sity of these vulnerable ecosystems. we will test the hypothesis that adaptation to a calcareou 
altered patterns of gene expression. we will identify genes that are differentially expressed b 
eir role in the calcicole phenotype. we will examine whether these calcicole adaptation genes s 
13970 3 uption in biotic and abiotic factors. i will use previously collected and mainly unpublished ge 
ructure with barriers to gene flow, and will cooperate with the swedish board of fisheries and  
holm university. the suggested proposal will increase our knowledge on the mechanisms behind th 
7037 6 ishopry of salzburg in the 16th century will be analyzed, as well as the 18th century estate of 
 large and yet unedited body of sources will be prepared for edition in the project. the edited 
dition in the project. the edited texts will be supplied for further research on cd. comparativ 
f administrative action and its effects will be undertaken. a database on local village regulat 
 environmental history database austria will be used for further comparative evaluation. the ma 
er comparative evaluation. the material will be published in a wide range of journals with emph 
10379 4 skeletal robusticity and physique. this will be accomplished by comparing ontogenetic trajector 
ions of hunter-gatherers. this research will differentiate morphological features that are envi 
are ontogenetically stable. the results will identify adaptive mechanisms that produce variabil 
that produce variability in humans, and will distinguish morphological characteristics that are 
14971 6 ed jointly 8 tasks. otherwise, climhaya will share out methologies, and in some cases objetives 
tions. task. 7. models based in process will be developed from the information gathered in the  
ed in the objetives 1 and 2. two models will be tested: lignum and y-plant to establish the rol 
of dendroecological analyses. the study will be carried out on mature trees. task 8. annual and 
sk 8. annual and daily secondary growth will be recorded in mature beech trees under two silvic 
he different objetives in this proposal will allow a better defining of the role by the differe 
7309 1 s integrated modeling. this application will be closely integrated with the modeling studies pu 
10945 4 as a model. two, sequential experiments will be performed: the first will gauge when predation  
xperiments will be performed: the first will gauge when predation resistance in shells of lymna 
ced by calcium availability; the second will investigate the importance of calcium availability 
our and growth. together, these studies will provide essential data on the relative importance  
10592 3 in the global methane cycle. this grant will investigate which type of methane monooxygenase en 
 for methanotrophs, rt-pcr and fish. we will test the hypothesis that soluble methane monooxyge 
 are high concentrations of methane. we will investigate methanotroph activity, population dive 
15012 1 dra and in the bay of cadiz. this study will make possible a better understanding of these poor 
14150 2 known differences in selective pressure would greatly facilitate solving also the inverse probl 
ry traits in field conditions. here, we will focus on the response of phenotypic variance to gr 
12184 7 the changes recommended from this study could be implemented alongside changes identified under 
es identified under the rop. this study will take into account as far as possible, changes that 
r of els, specifically for the uplands, will replace the hill farm allowance from 2010. like oe 
wance from 2010. like oels, uplands els will be an optional and supplementary strand to els. th 
ry strand to els. the approximate spend will be £24m/year. this study will consider whether som 
ate spend will be £24m/year. this study will consider whether some climate change mitigation me 
 some climate change mitigation methods would be more suited to implementation through this tie 
11593 2 cenario is realised in a. millepora, we will perform an in-depth analysis of the rfp-encoding g 
tem of the coral laboratory at nocs. we will apply a suite of advanced molecular biological tec 
7221 3 or species and reservoirs. this project will focus on the island of madagascar, characterized b 
mic and sporadic -endemic in humans. we will study the distributions and skills of different sp 
d with different viruses considered. we will evaluate the role of potential reservoir lemurs, o 
11643 2 known. the amount of temperature change will allow us to distinguish between the explanations o 
the indonesian seaway. hence our record will help answer some of the major outstanding question 
7017 3 ulation patches disturbance experiments will use as the disturbance the replacement of entire b 
 the scale and frequency of disturbance will be experimentally manipulated. the experiments out 
he experiments outlined in the proposal will increase understanding of how competition, predati 
6776 1 his mutation in several patients groups will be determined for the first time. this mutation is 
15228 3 ibodies against mycoplasma conjunctivae will be determined and strains of this infectious agent 
ed and strains of this infectious agent will be identified in southern chamois and domestic liv 
 cantabrian mountains. this information will be used to establish the epidemiological relations 
13319 4                                 eprecot will organise a workshop on the effects of precipitatio 
earch.the ultimate goal of the workshop will be to facilitate future international research col 
s and developing countries.the workshop will do this by evaluating our present knowledge on the 
ng our present knowledge on the results will be disseminated and distributed in a synthesis rep 
12536 2 -native invasive weed control programme should be eradication. for this reason we have selected 
ment of such species if successful, and will also reduce pesticide use in the environment by im 
12721 1                             the project will fill the gap in our knowledge of the condition of  
12229 2 le in developing livestock systems that will be sustainable in the future, and produce food in  
work for a ruminant gin. this objective will underpin the activity and knowledge exchange of th 
11399 2 iotic community on the flows. this work will yield new scientific insights into volcanic rock c 
g-term microbial observatories which we could apply elsewhere.  
7246 2 nd storm water quality of natural areas will be shared. from sites in the paris region, lyon an 
the paris region, lyon and nantes, they will be used to test and validate the hydrological and  
7157 2 ted environmental changes. the database will be established both from the temporal monitoring o 
x representative ecosystems in which we will identify the major species likely to be good indic 
12761 2 potential badger culling. baseline data will also be collected on the numbers of fox, hare and  
observations of deer on field transects will also be recorded.  
10403 2 ty and adaptive potential. this project will use molecular markers . by quantifying outcrossing 
crossing rates using microsatellites it will be possible to establish how variation in rates of 
15019 1  in spain . the results of this project should be a tool directly used by management consulting 
12330 1 t of agri-environment expenditure. this will help us understand the contribution of es to the e 
9875 1 ducing chemical inputs, organic farming could deliver important ecosystem services, including h 
6769 4 he spinal deformity. the vertebral bone will be described as follows: measurement of the bone d 
ne histomorphometry. curve measurements will be performed, too. simultaneously, genetic surveys 
d, too. simultaneously, genetic surveys will be executed. those genetic variables will be put u 
ll be executed. those genetic variables will be put under the loop which act either through inf 
12331 3 mes - but it is not envisaged that this will be part of the initial evaluation. in addition the 
e initial evaluation. in addition there will be an evaluation of the content of the etip progra 
 of the etip programme but, again, this will not be the focus for this evaluation.  
6894 1 onment and biodiversity improves, there will be a significant increase in the quantity of safe, 
13320 7 wards this objective. the eumon project will provide this framework by comparing existing metho 
cost effectiveness, regional robustness will be selected and tested for their european wide app 
heir european wide applicability. eumon will pay special attention that existing monitoring pro 
grams can incorporate these methods and will give recommendation how new and successful monitor 
on for implementing monitoring programs will be paid by studying the social effects of monitori 
intain biodiversity. additionally eumon will develop methods to name the responsibility of eu m 
itoring schemes and recommended methods will be made accessible by an internet portal to the en 
13322 3 grated catchment analysis and modelling will be developed to simulate hydrological, hydrochemic 
e conditions and restoration strategies will be developed. these will take into account the pro 
ion strategies will be developed. these will take into account the probable impacts of future c 
2517 1 in the set of habitats and disturbances will be implemented in a process model incorporating mi 
2516 6 cus and methylobacterium extorquens, we will define - by means of in silico modelling - ideal c 
s. it is anticipated that this approach will include generation of hybrid pathways involving th 
nd omics-approaches including fluxomics will be used to analyse and evaluate the genetically en 
. for further improvement this approach will be repeated iteratively to integrate and/or delete 
es and operons. the generated knowledge will contribute to an increased understanding of bacter 
standing of bacterial methylotrophy and will facilitate transfer of methylotrophy to biotechnol 
7011 3 perimental observations. ultimately, we will link nitrifier biodiversity in streams to nitrogen 
 to larger downstream ecosystems. comix will significantly contribute to bridge the conceptual  
in microbial ecology across scales, and will be a unique opportunity to tailor and, most import 
9878 5  ecosystems are assessed. field studies will be used to assess the impact of the different fore 
elated data derived from the uk-led wp1 will be combined with data gathered under wp2 by other  
est conservation. all european partners will then work together under wp3 to develop recommenda 
 beech forests. all in all, the project will drive scientific advances in the following researc 
 beech forests can provide. the results will be used to create a new and comprehensive understa 
483 4 ical and scientific stakeholders, which will produce, inter alia, a comprehensive policy paper  
during the whole research process. this will be done, e.g., through annual conferences, stakeho 
s of two rounds of interrogation, which will be conducted with diverse stakeholders and experts 
of the project. all in all, the project will drive scientific advances in the following researc 
7454 3 ic conceptual basis for the system that will provide a robust statistical structure for analyti 
the eu project alternet. this framework will ensure continuity of recording and shows an existi 
s concerned to long term monitoring. it will also provide the necessary structure for integrati 
7452 1 d communicate stored data via satellite will be used to determine migration routes, migration s 
12396 4 ics through biogeochemistry to fish, it will develop tools that will generate new information b 
try to fish, it will develop tools that will generate new information by drawing together the w 
earch, including models. this knowledge will be used to strengthen the evidence base for assess 
the infrastructure created by this work will also provide a platform to meet the requirements o 
7456 1  ecosystem and from local to global. it will also assess pathways of co2 emissions required to  
13784 3 quito bites. in the proposed project we will use molecular probes for f. tularensis to study it 
tion experiments. microcosm experiments will be performed where the fate of f. tularensis is st 
 predation-resistance and pathogenicity will be approached by comparing molecular mechanisms fo 
10354 11 emote areas. moreover, the 21st century will see these global environmental changes reach unpre 
 unprecedented levels: air temperatures will continue to rise, and atmospheric carbon dioxide c 
mospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will reach levels unprecedented over the past 20 millio 
lion years. alone, these global changes will change tropical forests, while in concert with oth 
cross africa. a new investigators award will allow me to make repeat measurements of monitoring 
 alongside novel analytical techniques, will answer the three major questions above, with the s 
funding. the results from this research will be of great societal importance for two reasons. f 
al importance for two reasons. firstly, will surviving tropical forests remain a carbon sink -  
ide emissions from fossil fuel use - or will rising temperatures and other changes cause them t 
lance of tropical forests are occurring will provide essential information that will assist pol 
will provide essential information that will assist policy makers and wider civil society to ma 
12220 13 ling might be a potential approach that could be used to aid the development of policy by predi 
oirites group recommended that research should be done to enable the prediction, at the ecosyst 
on biodiversity targets. the desk study will take changes in farmland bird populations as an ex 
land bird populations as an example and will determine typical policy questions that need to be 
uture and the scale at which the models will need to operate. an expert steering group will be  
ed to operate. an expert steering group will be consulted to provide guidance on these issues a 
he ecosystem scale modelling approaches will be judged. since changes in farming systems and la 
n within the landcape, the project team will need to identify features of the environment which 
rn and land-use affect biodiversity, it will be possible to assess and evaluate both ecosystem  
ar ecosystem scale modelling approaches will be determined. the potential methods for integrati 
em scale models are required to operate will also be evaluated. the priorities for future resea 
 particularly farmland bird populations will be identified. recommendations will then be produc 
ons will be identified. recommendations will then be produced as to which approaches are approp 
10336 2 igh tide. in thailand, where this study would be based, the reefs are important not only in coa 
vey in november 2004 and early 2005. we would also work with thai scientists at pmbc who have m 
14822 1 achieve these ends, data on vertebrates will be developed to manage data, analyze the performan 
12444 1  on commercial fish stocks. the project will also maximise utilisation of the long time-series  
13768 5 rs, and it is uncertain if this species will persist in the long term. during this postdoctoral 
erm. during this postdoctoral project i will evaluate its response to different scenarios of cl 
 scenarios of climate change. t. opacus will be surveyed on hollow oaks in landscapes in sweden 
 population size and dispersal capacity will be estimated from field data. i will parameterise  
g density and quality of hollow oaks. i will also evaluate its response to varying scenarios of 
10358 3 own resistance mechanisms. this project will explore the commercial potential of a novel method 
ance using a natural plant product that would negate the need for use of pesticides or other bi 
d hence the commercial potential. pests will be chosen that have both similar and different fee 
12771 2 nough to permit a bait formulation that would deliver an effective dose if half of a rats daily 
intake from this source. therefore rats should be able to consume the analgesic at an effective 
12325 4 lks and rides’ website. the survey work will generate, and recommend, the sort of site informat 
end, the sort of site information which should be available on the website in future to enable  
suitable for their needs. all the sites will have to be assessed against the requirements of th 
ation act . in addition, the evaluation will include recommended criteria to be used in future  
13373 2  has clearly showed that molecular data could better differentiate barley population in to 22 d 
s or eco-geographically close countries could not be clustered into the same main cluster even  
14597 1 tal indicators of restoration potential will be selected and the environmental ranges maximisin 
12326 2 eview in 2002. this evaluation contract will examine, from a sample of around 100 agreements, h 
e intention is also that the contractor will survey users of educational access to ensure that  
7513 3 of structuring the species. collections will be genotyped with these markers. dl between pairs  
se markers. dl between pairs of markers will be measured using different indices of association 
markers. the influence of the structure will be studied.  
7561 1 ies. the genetic structure of consortia will be analyzed by arisa. freezing and freeze drying,  
14586 2 as with high biodiversity. the research will be developed in two salt-marshes located in the co 
rately using and conserving these areas will be proposed  
13807 10  on only snapshot presence-absence data will be tested. such methods will make data collection  
sence data will be tested. such methods will make data collection for population viability anal 
d as model species. snapshot field data will be used to parameterise a metapopulation model con 
m between colonisations and extinctions will be tested. moreover, a metapopulation model will b 
ested. moreover, a metapopulation model will be parameterised based on information about habita 
 in 1749 and later. a bayesian approach will be used to fit the metapopulation models. a metapo 
pulation models. a metapopulation model will be combined with a habitat model at a landscape le 
 model at a landscape level. the models will be used to predict the extinction risks of lichens 
al distribution of conservation efforts will be analysed. the project will contribute to a deep 
n efforts will be analysed. the project will contribute to a deeper general understanding of ho 
7415 1 pplies during the winter when the birds should cover important energy needs. even though numero 
12627 1 al sediment broad habitats where sodium will be abundant. several sample sites are located in t 
1961 1 atures by two different selection lines will be analysed to develop a molecular explanation for 
15079 2 al and temporal resolution . this model will be improved by introducing the advances obtained i 
es obtained in the proposed project. it will further be upgraded to include functionalities for 
15140 5 ecies boundaries a complicated task. we will study the phylogenetic position of all poorly know 
etic position of all poorly known taxa, will try to interprete and characterize them and will e 
to interprete and characterize them and will explore character evolution in order to detect hom 
omic reinterpretation of the subsection will be done and we will try to adopt homogeneous speci 
n of the subsection will be done and we will try to adopt homogeneous species concepts in a pro 
14817 1 e markers, trnl-f . with this method we would be able to extract phylogenetic patterns for each 
7048 2  available for the australian diospyros will be used as a second calibration point to estimate  
erification of the type of endemism. we will investigate the patterns and processes of speciati 
14918 6 es across tropical africa, and asia. we will use different molecular markers to address the com 
ry history. once the cyprinid phylogeny will be established, we will test main biogeographical  
rinid phylogeny will be established, we will test main biogeographical hypothesis focusing on t 
 theory during the messinian period. we will enunciate biogeographical hypothesis useful in the 
iguration of cyprinids distribution. we will study some alternative speciation models as hybrid 
formation and cave species. finally, we will define the most important areas for conservation b 
15162 6 ant transformations. the animal samples will be provided in the frame of already ongoing collab 
g this information as starting point we will perform phylgenetic, biogeographical and evolution 
raphical and evolutionary analysis, and will generate global hypotheses on the distribution and 
ty of the pvs to be empirically studied will surely provide us not only with a broader knowledg 
knowledge of papillomaviridae, but also will strengthen our armoury against the diseases they c 
ey cause. the information thus acquired will have clinical, economic and ecological importance. 
11620 1 ndividual variation in ageing rates and will use these relationships to investigate the affects 
15449 1 multimodal signals. in this project, we will analyze how signals based on different sensory cha 
15158 2 y an important role. in this project we shall deal with the identification of adaptive or non-a 
t descriptive and in part experimental, should contribute new information to the debate about t 
13752 3 h rate regulation in ivertebrates. this will be done by bridging the gap from key elements to e 
grazers. more specifically this project will use laboratory experiments with n- and/or p-defici 
ial and aquatic herbivores. the project will extend the current knowledge and understanding of  
1965 1 formation and sympatric speciation, and will thus fill an important gap in current evolutionary 
15352 2  species, and all species in the genus, will be carried on. besides, to explore their reproduct 
ir reproductive systems and success, we will analyse type of fecundation, flower visitors, ache 
7581 1 arieties. erosion of diversity"adaptive"could be at work in the studied agro- systems. the effe 
15073 6  its high species richness . firstly we shall analyze the differences on genome organization in 
ly, a species level molecular phylogeny will be constructed for two genera representing two rad 
the south of africa and madagascar that will allow to address the taxonomic uncertainties and t 
xonomic uncertainties and this material will be fixed for chromosomes and analysed to map and i 
of a species of the tribe megacephalini will be constructed and comparatively analyzed with oth 
s of the tribe cicindelini. the results will allow discussing several questions of evolutionary 
9803 1 te natural means of partner control. we will develop and test new, more realistic game theoreti 
10266 3 r reproduction, the selfish individuals should have an advantage. how can we explain the existe 
n which individuals are not related and will never meet again, and yet cooperation exists in th 
witnesses can actually help, these ones will be more willing to volunteer. in my work i analyse 
1103 5 limatic change on agricultural activity will depend also on the continuum soil-plant-climate an 
 wp3, several researches at field scale will be carried out to investigate for the optimization 
ty. an other important issue of this wp will be to parameterize the simulation models about cro 
 deriving from previous wp, simulations will be effectuated at field and regional scale by usin 
ects that the future climatic scenarios will have on crop yields and to individuate the best ag 
13978 6 populations in fragmented landscapes. i will test this prediction on a butterfly species, the s 
 and fragmented agricultural landscapes will be reared in the lab and thier offspring will be r 
e reared in the lab and thier offspring will be released in the wild to studiy their dispersal  
 to studiy their dispersal behaviour. i will track released butterflies when moving through the 
 with respect to landscape of origin. i will also use artificial habitat silhouettes to test wh 
e habitat. the outcome of my experiment will be used to construct a predictive model of butterf 
14776 3 ree complementary approaches. first, we will explore the adaptive function of flower shape by q 
 change in pollinator fauna. second, we will explore the effect of a change in pollinator fauna 
lly related erysimum species. third, we will track the phylogenetic pattern of flower shape alo 
11868 2 associated with these traits. this work will provide decisive evidence for how sexual selection 
h variation in mating systems. thus, we will improve our understanding of one of the major driv 
11872 2 associated with these traits. this work will provide decisive evidence for how sexual selection 
h variation in mating systems. thus, we will improve our understanding of one of the major driv 
11873 2 associated with these traits. this work will provide decisive evidence for how sexual selection 
h variation in mating systems. thus, we will improve our understanding of one of the major driv 
7491 1 f several species of diptera. the study will then be extended to the human species on a represe 
14488 4 olution of fecundity, and the main cost could be the impact of reproductive function on the def 
 reproduction and antiparasite defences would underlie the demographic patterns observed in pla 
ants and animals. on the other hand, we would like to study the effect of the synchronization w 
editerranean area. all these objectives will be tackled in the field with several easily handle 
1960 2  from natural populations. this project will provide the requisite combination of the theoretic 
onally suitable natural population, and will combine field experimentats, molecular genetic and 
10737 2 stions remain unanswered. this proposal will discover how mating between malaria parasites is i 
s or can home in on their location, and will investigate how co infecting species of malaria pa 
2122 1 ior researchers and one private company will be involved.  
10178 1 esis for the evolution of melanism, but will also allow us to examine the costs of melanism and 
11652 1 esis for the evolution of melanism, but will also allow us to examine the costs of melanism and 
15170 1 pensive and short time-consuming method could be very useful to broaden the capacity of scent a 
11072 2 e to other changes in their ecology. we will use evolutionary theory to ask fundamental questio 
s that parasite reproductive strategies will be shaped by the variation in their in-host enviro 
10801 5 to parent-offspring conflict, offspring should demand more resources from their parents than pa 
e. however, if offspring do so, parents should be selected to ignore offspring begging displays 
ich case parent-offspring communication would be evolutionarily unstable. thus, a key aim in be 
on and whether begging is costly or not will then be used to distinguish between existing model 
t-offspring communication. this project will contribute to our understanding of the evolution o 
10306 1 s that the process of natural selection will not be sufficiently rapid to enable populations to 
10849 2 growth and successful reproduction that will culminate in the release of fertile seeds. anythin 
 plant can be seen as a bad thing as it will ultimately limit the reproductive output of the pl 
10590 2 are able to undermine female choice. we will therefore test the hypothesis that isolation is fi 
on. post-mating, post-zygotic isolation will be examined by testing the viability and mating su 
10401 3 c lineages and a range of sex ratios we will characterize the reproductive mode through populat 
s using polymorphic genetic markers. we will integrate both approaches to describe the evolutio 
rch system. the results of this project will be crucial for the design of experiments to better 
10989 2 acter in d. melanogaster. this approach will give insight in the rate and degree to which popul 
in the genome . further, the experiment will reveal how the phenotypic divergence between the s 
11032 7 ng its role in the antarctic glaciation would be more straightforward were it not for the prese 
rust. to ground-truth the survey, rocks will be dredged from the sea floor, then irradiated in  
ated by the ar-ar method. julian pearce will be responsible for the magnetic survey and constru 
d that mantle flow, like seawater flow, would be funnelled through drake passage. in a 2001 nat 
uth atlantic and so pacific mantle flow could be traced through drake passage by isotopic finge 
d rocks from the central scotia sea, it will thus be possible to find out exactly how far the p 
n the two types of mantle. that in turn will inform us about the rates and causes of mantle cir 
15366 3 ractions and regulation. ultimately, we will provide information regarding the structure of thi 
ll as their role during development. we will use three species of gastropod mollusks . with thi 
stropod mollusks . with this project we will make progress in understanding these pathways in o 
14867 4 ymorphisms in drosophila subobscura. we will focus on microsatellite loci in linkage disequilib 
ependently of inversion patterns, which would suggest coadaptation since the genetic compositio 
l factor that changes with latitude, we will carry out an in depth study of coadaptation by usi 
nvasive colonising processes. third, we will study in depth the genetic architecture of hybrid  
15312 4 populations. alternatively, differences could be local adaptations subsequent to a range expans 
ent to a range expansion, or the change could had occurred previous or subsequent to the expans 
 glaciations in its diversification. we will study five species groups of two different familie 
r which a similar approach was used, we will build a est library to precisely match target prot 
15476 7 ssment of whether species distributions should be expected to contract or expand for any given  
tic range. firstly the ecological niche will be measured for a subset of species belonging to t 
us. secondly, a phylogenetic hypothesis will be generated to which a molecular clock will be ap 
be generated to which a molecular clock will be applied. this phylogeny will be used to study t 
r clock will be applied. this phylogeny will be used to study the phylogenetic signal of the ch 
cal niche of a larger number of species could be estimated. the study of phylogenetic signal wi 
mated. the study of phylogenetic signal will also allow to estimate the evolutionary response o 
13323 11                                evoltree will associate four major disciplines - genomics, genet 
s, dynamics and processes.this strategy will be applied to three major interacting elements of  
ole of trees as drivers of biodiversity will be deciphered by investigating their adaptive dive 
iotic environmental changes.the network will integrate multidisciplinary research to dissect th 
system genomics. the genomic activities will be conducted within a laboratory without walls whe 
 walls where high throughput techniques will be integrated and then applied to a wide range of  
on use by the partners. large data sets will be compiled and made accessible by developing data 
ribution of genetic diversity. evoltree will spread its knowledge and expertise for the purpose 
nitoring, and conservation. the network will develop training capacities and facilitate mobilit 
urope. a dynamic communication strategy will disseminate its results to the scientific communit 
ommunity, end users and public.evoltree will greatly contribute to the national and internation 
7716 1 maintenance of soil fertility, our work should lead to be taken into account in the legislation 
14999 1  and buffer environmental . finally, we will investigate the ecological implications that surro 
14740 1 eas. using these and other organisms we will derive phylogenetic- phylogeographic patterns and  
2064 4 mportant freshwater fishes. the project will study the effect of introducing atlantic salmon in 
t as the only fish species. the project will study effects of the introduction on the morpholog 
freshwater pearl mussel the field study will explore the presence of host specific populations  
parts of rivers. in the lab the project will experimentally study morphological selection gradi 
15146 1 tudy of genomic resulting data. the gis will be used to study the large-scale ecological and ev 
2025 1 igration of individuals. this framework will be shaped as a sampling theory, which is necessary 
10090 3  idea has been that genetic relatedness will promote co-operation, but in structured population 
 but this theory is largely untested. i will provide direct experimental evidence for the relat 
ated and tested. evolutionary conflicts will be quantified by caste allocation ratios and by so 
11358 2  necessary molecular tools. moreover, i will test the hypothesis that the application of anthel 
istance in t. tenuis. thus, my research will provide the data necessary to test the links betwe 
10730 4 ces on sperm performance. this proposal will address the question of variation in gamete perfor 
gy, behaviour, physiology and evolution will put me in a unique position to test the novel idea 
 male-produced seminal substances. this will enable me to quantify sperm age effects at the lev 
 population and in males and females. i will quantify its evolutionarily relevant consequences  
7003 5 me b locus. further genetic information will be obtained by sequencing mitochondrial 12s and 16 
c barriers and dispersion centers. data will enter a correlational matrix and will be tested wi 
a will enter a correlational matrix and will be tested with mantel tests. results should elucid 
ll be tested with mantel tests. results should elucidate the significance of the tested factors 
species' geographic differentiation and should contribute to the controversy an the origin of h 
10470 3 enomes completely sequenced, so that we could discover in detail the nature and occurrence of g 
d in the formation of giant genomes. we will address what dna sequences are involved in genome  
on, or slowly over time. thus our study will provide the community with fundamental knowledge o 
11415 3 enomes completely sequenced, so that we could discover in detail the nature and occurrence of g 
d in the formation of giant genomes. we will address what dna sequences are involved in genome  
on, or slowly over time. thus our study will provide the community with fundamental knowledge o 
10472 4 th exceptional experimental features. i will test the effects and interactions of interbreeding 
es, and under several migration regimes will be subject to a number of population cycles. fitne 
f population cycles. fitness components will be followed and molecular markers used to assess p 
ssess population structure. the results will be relevant for the management of biodiversity in  
10204 4 s i alleles are shared. to test this we will determine and compare the mh allelic content of th 
g leads to highly divergent alleles. we will test for associations between the frequency of the 
e are favoured in small populations. we will repeat all our analyses in two years to check for  
tability of the patterns we observe and will use the temporal variation in microsatellite allel 
9884 4 s i alleles are shared. to test this we will determine and compare the mh allelic content of th 
g leads to highly divergent alleles. we will test for associations between the frequency of the 
e are favoured in small populations. we will repeat all our analyses in two years to check for  
tability of the patterns we observe and will use the temporal variation in microsatellite allel 
10038 4 may be substantial. for this project we will use an already established, island population of h 
cross-fostered breeding pedigree, which will allow us to estimate the relative roles of a wide  
nd non-genetic factors. in addition, we will also test for links between the amount of parental 
n the empirical data that we gather, we will build a theoretical model that seeks to explain wh 
14605 3 ic estimations of androchrome frequency will be made in iberian populations of i. graellsii and 
 and the philogeography of both species will be analyzed in the peninsula, as well as an analys 
its hybridization. the different topics will be approached from an evolutionary and functional  
14868 3                                      we will study the gametic associations between microsatell 
enetic differentiation among haplotypes will be quantified and a comparison of the associations 
n palearctic and colonizing populations will be carried out. our aim is to evaluate the importa 
10119 2 hropogenic co2 emissions. this proposal will determine the changes in foraminiferal carbonate p 
ification. investigating extreme events will help to understand the relevance of foraminiferal  
9834 1                             ancient dna will be used to reconstruct the evolutionary and paleoe 
14651 3  patterns. the phylogeographic analysis will be complemented by the assessment of genetic and p 
onary change, and with that purpose, we will analyse population variation in sexual expression, 
 hopefully, the results of this project will shed light on the current conception of the medite 
2495 7 apt to future environmental changes. we will parameterize stochastic age-structured population  
the molecular and phenotypic levels. we will then examine whether geographical differences in t 
s of genetic evolution that individuals should be weighted by their reproductive value to compe 
om the stable age distribution. here we will apply a new statistical method to study fluctuatin 
lf body mass, at the island of vega. we will also study the evolutionary dynamics of these two  
mics of the reproductive value. then we will implement varying patterns of age-specific harvest 
 patterns in age-specific harvest rates will affect the rate of evolutionary change of these tw 
15201 3 ferent extent and age of its biomes. we will use the five endemic frog radiations as model to u 
s from a nearly-complete taxon sampling will be integrated with environmental, geological and s 
n diversity. these integrative analyses will allow testing several available hypotheses and ide 
14709 5 ovincialis and the other two taxa. this could be a selective locus related to the amount of oxy 
fferent molecular forms the odh protein will be: purified in 100/100 homocygotes individuals an 
e cloned and sequenced. a set of primer will be designed in order to sequence the 100, 115 and  
bility found another set of individuals will be sequenced. the analysis of the sequences will a 
equenced. the analysis of the sequences will allow the clarification of the possible positive s 
13502 6 odiversity is then how well populations will adapt, or if they will dwindle down to extinction. 
well populations will adapt, or if they will dwindle down to extinction. this is part of a more 
 traits and basic genetic parameters. i will simulate a climatic trend and add different forms  
 noise, with a control without noise. i will also study the importance of genotype-environment  
selection on a given trait. the results will form the base for extended theoretical studies, an 
e for extended theoretical studies, and will have great importance for the prediction of effect 
10388 3 nally we hypothesise that rapid changes will have greater impact than slow changes, which may a 
low strains to acclimate. therefore, we will compare the responses of treatments of up to 10 di 
ion periods. together these experiments will reveal not simply the immediate impact of ocean ac 
6817 1 acteristics of mental state attribution will be examined. we make an attempt to study mindreadi 
15257 2  to achieve this goal, three main tasks will be carried out: a sampling from the lineages of th 
 of insular lineages. in particular, we will focus on mechanisms and behaviours associated with 
15258 2 rent insular populations. our objective will be to establish which strategies were adopted by d 
ization process. to do it, our proposal will work in the following topics: a construction of a  
10273 3 e with a changing climate. this project will overcome these shortfalls by combining experimenta 
ming of breeding of individual birds we will estimate the rate at which the population will be  
timate the rate at which the population will be able to evolve in response to ongoing environme 
12069 1  to global change. ideally such studies should help to identify target species or groups of spe 
13401 3 ce. the plants exists in our collection will be reproduce and their flowering time, plant heigh 
oil rate and component of essential oil will be determined. moreover, essential oil obtained fr 
essential oil obtained from some plants will be trialed against macrophomina phaseolina, phytop 
13424 1 well adapted to the mountanious regions should be protected in its origin and needs to be rared 
6947 3 he southern bitch mouse action plan. we would like to initiate the dna bar-coding system for th 
strial small mammalian fauna of hungary would be accomplished by our consortium. one of the gre 
ellets. at the same time the assumption could be confirmed that sicista subtilis trizona taxon  
6966 2 the functional role of genetic variants will be evaluted on gene transcription and protein leve 
ransport chain and steroid biosynthesis will reveal new pathomechanisms involved in adrenal tum 
12767 7 gement and enhancement and actions that will reduce the likelihood of animals being killed by t 
isting data. the population assessments will also be compared to those obtained from a sample o 
tion prior to the 2001 guidelines: this will allow an assessment of the impact of the improved  
on a wider scale, modelling and mapping will be used to explore the likely affects of mitigatio 
. different types of mitigation actions will be evaluated in relation to current population and 
assessments. the results of the project will allow the relevant government agencies to perform  
and professional ecological consultants will benefit from improved guidance for dealing with si 
11258 4 re the volcanism occurred. this project will address this problem by studying a unique example  
ion. by studying these chinese rocks it will be possible, for the first time, to study directly 
ction story in the same place. the work will be supplemented with studies of carbon and sulphur 
phur isotopes from the limestones which will allow the scientists to determine changes in the s 
11391 4 re the volcanism occurred. this project will address this problem by studying a unique example  
ion. by studying these chinese rocks it will be possible, for the first time, to study directly 
ction story in the same place. the work will be supplemented with studies of carbon and sulphur 
phur isotopes from the limestones which will allow the scientists to determine changes in the s 
10528 7 scale hairs in 3-dimensions before they could decay. so completely preserved are orsten fossils 
these early animals occupy this project will investigate the oldest orsten animals preserved in 
he carbonate sequence of shropshire. we will conduct detailed scanning electron microscopy of n 
al from scandinavia and elsewhere. this will provide new information about the anatomical detai 
tomical detail of cambrian animals that will contribute greatly to the study of ecdysozoan and  
nd arthropod relationships. the fossils will also be used to test hypotheses about how the mine 
cular animal groups or soft tissues. we will evaluate the petrography of the host rocks, couple 
13859 3  the increase of potato late blight. we will use data generated within a nordic project to see  
 late blight model, and the nordic data will be an extreme test of the robustness of the existi 
mponent affects the entire system. they will also be used to produce strategic and tactical dec 
12141 3 corded on the regional and global scale will be assessed. investigations of the postglacial pal 
ving environment and natural resources. should be pointed out that top level scientific investi 
 and global palaeoenvironmental changes will be created. the main objective of the investigatio 
13766 2 e source than in previous studies. this will be achieved by a time efficient innovative method  
me efficient innovative method where we will establish artificially arranged suitable substrate 
9811 2 nd laying male eggs in her presence. we will investigate the behavioural and chemical mechanism 
eoretical and experimental research. we will also extend our previous theoretical models to inv 
11866 1 re simple. by rotting velvet worms . it will also allow us to further test a hypothesis develop 
9868 1 d forms of learning evolve.the findings will be of great interest to researchers studying evolu 
11537 6 bos habitat in the cape of south africa will be used in the experiment to determine the effect  
timate species composition of monoliths should be influenced by their post-fire location on the 
the hydrological gradient. hypothesis b will be supported if competition treatments alter the e 
t of hydrology on distribution. results will be incorporated into a spatial model that will be  
 incorporated into a spatial model that will be used to determine whether the effects measured  
seed dispersal and changes in hydrology will be tested.  
11363 1 ntly fewer young than outbred males. we will experimentally investigate the effects of variatio 
10188 1 onomically characterised streptomycetes will be: screened by hplc for novel chemical structures 
11103 2 careous nannoplankton are minute and we will be able to test whether these small forms are pres 
bonate through time, and how much. this will tell us about the way biogeochemical cycles have c 
11202 3 tition. the first part of the programme will be a critical assessment of the utility of differe 
hods in the absence of genome data, and will explore a novel strategy for cross-species matchin 
, derived from ongoing nerc programmes, will be analysed to assess the utility of the different 
10511 2 mic technologies . this unique data set will identify key pollutant response pathways consisten 
nse pathways consistent across taxa and will allow the genotypic, phenotypic and ecological con 
7383 2 enome phylogenies of orthologs families will be constructed and compared. this approach will hi 
constructed and compared. this approach will highlight discontinuities in the evolution of fung 
10203 4 ng microbial communities are active. we will conduct similar experiments with microbial communi 
ents and a range of marine sediments we will isolate a number of methanogens, many of which may 
portant potential source of methane. we will identify the physiology and metabolism of these me 
important group of microorganisms. this will include, for the first time, investigating their r 
2107 4  forest on the norwegian west coast. it will look closer into different functional groups and c 
at three different degrees of exposure. will there be a higher production of pom in exposed are 
al activity be higher in pom rich areas will there be more filter feeders in pom rich areas the 
r feeders in pom rich areas the project will also examine the role of phenols in laminaria hype 
10547 2  difficult to test on land. our results will therefore be of great interest to all ecologists w 
logy and a leading marine institute, we will be in an enviable position to communicate the resu 
12196 1 ers. grazing grassland less intensively should confer a range of wider environmental benefits i 
12268 2 mixed-agriculture farm. data collection will continue at drayton during the year 2008-2009 in o 
he collection and processing of samples will continue to follow the ecn protocols.  
12198 2 associated with entry level stewardship will enable a full, integrated assessment of the benefi 
fe of an els agreement. importantly, it will enable greater certainty to be placed in the recom 
14228 4 nt components of total biodiversity. we will use biodiversity partitioning based on historical  
ng to habitat-specific species pool. we will explore the environmental and anthropogenic factor 
 the extinction of original species. we will study the effects of derived diversity to communit 
d phylogenetical diversity. our results will allow to estimate the state of future biodiversity 
11384 1  why poor performance might occur. this will inform us about the utility of existing risk class 
10958 2  isotope analyses on individual species will provide the data to reconstruct their habitat. we  
e data to reconstruct their habitat. we will count the faunas, to determine rates of evolution, 
14634 1 ir implantation as invasive, so that we could eventually differentiate the specific traits perm 
7548 3 c diversity. two contrasting situations will be studied: the archipelago of guadeloupe and mari 
e changed little. the survey of farmers will identify evolutionary factors. analysis of diversi 
sis of diversity microsatellite markers will assess the evolution of diversity. we can evaluate 
13597 2 ical cycling. in the proposed project i will implement a number of field surveys and experiment 
and microbial metacommunity ecology. it will also help us to understand to which degree bacteri 
14624 4 the river guadalquivir basin. the study will be carried out in two execution phases. in the fir 
two execution phases. in the first one, will be studied the distribution, abundance and product 
ological years. during the second phase will be analyzed the factors related with the distribut 
d production of the fish. this analysis will allow to elaborate simple models of fish dynamics  
14746 2 in the fish community of the amazon. we will approach the study by exploring the phylogenetic b 
 basis of community niche structure. it will use both genetic and proteomic analyses to infer t 
10294 2 nother exciting breakthrough is that we will soon have the genome sequence of methylocella silv 
iments with microcosm experiments which will address the role of these facultative methanotroph 
11660 4 dress this particular site, the results will also have far reaching applications for the manage 
esses behind the degradation. the study will provide a unique opportunity for the student to be 
tland sites, particularly acidic sites, will be fully assessed, in collaboration with english h 
on with english heritage. these results will finally enable the student and project team to mak 
12511 3 th in farming and related systems. this will include assessing approaches to dealing with biodi 
nt in organic farming systems. the work will address the specific biological, chemical and phys 
nts and changes in management practice, will also be included. the specific objectives are: 1.i 
12236 9 on of habitat and associated management will be measured as a means of indicating the potential 
iled summaries of each farmer interview will be produced. the interviewers and ecologists will  
oduced. the interviewers and ecologists will come together collectively to review each farm and 
ent behaviour and outcome. this process will also reveal the differences and similarities betwe 
nmental outcomes. the research findings will be presented at an expert workshop to obtain feedb 
ing and dissemination: the final report will include a section clearly highlighting the finding 
sual executive summary, the consultants will present key findings to a whitehall-based audience 
l-based audience. the research findings will also be disseminated through presentations and con 
ces and seminars. in addition, the ccri will produce a 2 page summary of the research to add to 
12519 2        this joint european core project will develop and test innovative generic communication  
od and farming are joined. this project will be caried in five european countries. this applica 
15577 3  are there policies which, if followed, would improve biodiversity and ecosystem services in fa 
velop new policies for agriculture that could restore biodiversity and associated ecosystem ser 
elp develop such policies. the research will be conducted in 3 work packages to collectively bu 
12600 1 development sites. much of the research will be based on case studies at sites across england a 
14194 5 ormal or reduced sensitivity to aba, as would be predicted based on their lower endogenous nae  
nce to exogenous nae. in this study, we will focus on understanding the mechanism of atfaah-med 
o either n- or c-terminus of the atfaah will be examined for their responses to nae/aba in orde 
itin membrane yeast two-hybrid approach will be applied on identification of potential protein  
ith the atfaah overexpressor background will be conducted to assist on discovery of additional  
10848 3 vestigate foraging. however, this study will be the first to apply these techniques to study th 
dy the deep-sea ichthyofauna. the study will quantify the diet of several species of benthopela 
e various life history strategies. this will significantly advance our knowledge of deep-sea fo 
14991 2 marda, 1861 and oenonidae kinberg, 1865 will be also studied to continue with the revision of t 
der eunicida. this way, two new volumes will be accomplished in order to continue with the work 
14562 1 eparing two additional manuscripts that will be submitted to the faib ed. b. before the end of  
14568 2  the geographic ranges for each species will serve to achieve the critical review of the family 
the critical review of the family which will result in the prduction of a fauna iberica monogra 
14565 1 diidae in the ibero-balearic region. it will include the general aspects of the family, identif 
14566 2 lies papilionoidea and hesperioidea. it will include identification keys and a detailed descrip 
elated biological and life-history data will be provided as well.  
15413 3 rth is in preparation process and which will hopefully be completed by the end of 2010. this pr 
classification of the polychaetes. this will result in completing a new volume of the series, t 
 volume of the series, the fifth, which will complete the revision and updating of knowledge of 
14559 1  coordination mechanisms that faib viii will use to: 1 achieve its overall objectives, 2 assist 
10533 5 between geology and archaeology. wessex will provide key training in procedures and techniques  
information systems . cambridge zoology will provide training in analyses and identification of 
nges in their amino acid content, which will assist the project by providing a chronological un 
the studied sequences. durham geography will provide training in recording and analyses of sedi 
ogy and environmental evidence. the phd will result in full investigation of key palaeolithic s 
6882 4 o . during our actual investigations we shall recollect the macrofauna of the existing sites, w 
we intend to look for new sites, and we should like to investigate some boreholes, too. beside  
oreholes, too. beside the macrofauna we shall investigate also the microfauna from geological a 
m geological aspect. during our work we shall investigate the geological conditions and sedimen 
11193 1 etic map. this proposal describes how i will initiate passerine genome mapping by utilising the 
10657 2                         this expedition will obtain sedimentary sequences to study the pliocene 
arctic oceans. paleoclimatic indicators will be used to generate complete and detailed records  
2184 9 natural processes. the proposed project will answer to these challenges by merging hypothesis t 
on of main sources of uncertainties. we will build single-, two- and multi-species models forec 
ir salmonid fishes and zooplankton prey will be used as case studies. these systems are ideal d 
m groups. the first part of the project will fill gaps in empirical knowledge. in addition, sev 
tion, several large affiliated projects will generate sub-models. thereafter, derived and exist 
variation and ecological mechanisms and will be integrated with correlative models. the approac 
with correlative models. the approaches will be both within the bayesian framework, and with mo 
relative derived knowledge. finally, we will compare the different sources of uncertainty, rang 
nions on model performance. the project will promote recruitment to ecological climate change f 
13971 5 dies of how mnemiopsis catches prey. we will use sophisticated video methods and mechanistic mo 
ield abundances and stomach analyses we will estimate predation pressure on zooplankton and fis 
ae. reproductive potential and survival will be examined in experiments as a function of temper 
on of temperature and salinity. results will be combined with field data of temperature, salini 
 in optical and temperature environment will be modeled in collaboration with norwegian scienti 
13769 3 iversity and the ongoing climate change could alter species distributions. this project aims to 
ffects food web structure. this project will assess how feeding niche width affects impact of i 
 on the new food web. the new methods i will apply for analysing stable isotope data put the pr 
15042 1 nts into the soil. the obtained results will increase our knowledge on the functional ecology o 
12281 7 etable crops were revised. further work will be required to finalise these after comments by th 
ss of development, a technical document will be released describing the basis for the revised n 
m. development of a web based front end will encourage its wider use and the development of fur 
ment of further international links. it will immediately impact on a related defra project inve 
nic systems. within this project, steps will be taken to assess its suitability to provide fert 
the new fertiliser manual. further work will be carried out to establish international links wi 
visions of the fertiliser manual . work would be carried out as part of the project to demonstr 
12235 5                             the project will design and code a software patch for incorporating 
tch for incorporating into planet, that will allow industry standard nutrient and lime recommen 
tended management `. planet v3 however, will not provide recommendations for grassland since th 
enerate rb209 grassland recommendations will meet the following requirements: 1. to allow evalu 
 grassland recommendations in planet v3 will significantly detract from its value to grassland  
12221 5 sity, and that these management systems should be optimised to assure the highest biodiversity  
 biomass crops, management systems that will affect biodiversity include the scales of growing, 
g and management of the plantings. this will be done by sampling for the abundance and diversit 
illow and miscanthus crops for birdlife will also depend on the size of a continous planted are 
a and the structure of the crop, and we will investigate the use of both biomass crops by birds 
10071 8 ion to future generations. in humans it could be thought of as, for example, the number of chil 
 area and cannot be so numerous that it would be impossible to undertake the necessary molecula 
 defined places . in practical terms we will catch all of the individuals of our study species, 
d in each of two summers. on capture we will mark each individual with a number on its left hin 
b of paint on the top of its thorax. we will measure the left forewing with digital callipers,  
 and remove the left hind leg. this leg will be used for dna extraction and genotyping of up to 
lite loci. the identity of mating pairs will be recorded as well as the plant species into whic 
procedure and the analysis of parentage should provide the best estimates of fitness and its co 
7053 15 rrently lacking in species delimitation will be achieved using a cohesive protocol for integrat 
nuclear and mitochondrial dna sequences will be first used separately and then integrated. if d 
econd, tools for routine identification will be tested, aimed at minimizing failure rates, and  
nimizing failure rates, and these tools will be made freely available in the internet. the tool 
ly available in the internet. the tools will be based on the same data sources as used in the s 
in the species-delimitation process and will assist in providing the basis for the third and ul 
ultimate goal of the project. third, we will address three questions about the evolution of the 
ecies integrity remain unknown. ecology could be involved and the species could, for example, d 
ology could be involved and the species could, for example, differ in their climatic niches. ch 
in relation to morphological similarity could facilitate the cautious inference of a role of ec 
 in the species’ evolution. the project will be relevant beyond meeting the specific project ai 
vative 454-technology-based protocol we will use for developing nuclear sequence loci resolving 
nce loci resolving at the species level will be widely applicable. the experiences from develop 
to the evolutionary questions addressed will facilitate follow-up research into further aspects 
king, the evolutionary-profile analysis could help revealing previously underappreciated charac 
6876 6  statistical analysis of vegetation. we will develop and test a new standard sampling protocol  
st a new standard sampling protocol and will develop a methodology for surveying neighbourhood  
pecific trait-based structural analyses will produce new types of assembly and disassembly rule 
 related new standard sampling protocol will also be applicable during restoration of damaged e 
in conservation management. the project will provide opportunities for msc and phd students. fu 
r msc and phd students. furthermore, we will organize theoretical and field courses in the rela 
215 2 morphological parameters by morphotypes will create new links between two branches of science:  
opean coniferous and deciduous forests, will increase our knowledge base and also be of practic 
9931 3 ied around mapped hygrocybe fairy rings will permit tracking of isotope enrichment in subsequen 
co-ordination with 13co2 pulses in 2002 will also allow isotope tracking over shorter periods.  
ural abundance of these isotopes in fbs will also be measured.  
10529 4 ia root uptake. initially, uptake of du will be studied in solution systems, also allowing dete 
ng ranges at kirkcudbright and eskmeals will be used to assess plant acquisition of du from rea 
ution and chemical forms in these soils will be determined. in addition, key processes affectin 
nd key constraints on plant acquisition will be determined. this approach is facilitated by the 
13757 5 hree major european ecosystems. fireman will focus on fire-biodiversity-society relationships i 
t planning and policy. specifically, we will evaluate societal preferences towards fire and bio 
development. anticipated major outcomes will be characterised ‘base-line fire regimes, local an 
nd biodiversity management. these tools will be developed in close conjunction with local manag 
 policy to favour biodiversity. fireman will help with the european target of halting biodivers 
9881 3 hree major european ecosystems. fireman will focus on fire-biodiversity-society relationships i 
 and policy. anticipated major outcomes will be characterised base-line fire regimes and local  
re and biodiversity management. fireman will help with the european target of halting biodivers 
473 5 hree major european ecosystems. fireman will focus on fire-biodiversity-society relationships i 
t planning and policy. specifically, we will evaluate societal preferences towards fire and bio 
development. anticipated major outcomes will be characterised ‘base-line fire regimes, local an 
nd biodiversity management. these tools will be developed in close conjunction with local manag 
 policy to favour biodiversity. fireman will help with the european target of halting biodivers 
15569 5 hree major european ecosystems. fireman will focus on fire-biodiversity-society relationships i 
t planning and policy. specifically, we will evaluate societal preferences towards fire and bio 
development. anticipated major outcomes will be characterised ‘base-line fire regimes, local an 
nd biodiversity management. these tools will be developed in close conjunction with local manag 
 policy to favour biodiversity. fireman will help with the european target of halting biodivers 
7275 2 e impact of v. velutina on biodiversity will be evaluated based on: 1 spectrum and relative abu 
ty. a reference barcode collection prey will be done. . future risks across europe can be estim 
6819 11        during the four-year research we will continue our monitoring-type fish parasitological  
 earlier. in the course of this work we will collect data on the fish species of lake balaton,  
 and molecular biological techniques we will study the developmental cycle and relationships of 
an parasites of lake balaton fishes. we will collect data on the dynamics of infection by cocci 
pecies parasitising lake balaton fishes will be studied by molecular biological methods. we wil 
ied by molecular biological methods. we will also study the intrapiscine development and pathol 
ting as possible intermediate hosts. we will pay especial attention to studying the parasites o 
 to studying the parasites of fish that will get into lake balaton with the planned water suppl 
a collected during the four-year period will be summarised. experiments will be conducted to st 
 period will be summarised. experiments will be conducted to study how anguillicolosis affects  
ition of eels. a radiodiagnostic method will be used to determine the dynamics of swimbladder i 
11327 1 l of carbonates derived from fish. this would help explain a mystery of ocean chemistry that ha 
2201 2 tural and introduced fish species. this will be done through: i to compile the existing data re 
as where alien species have established will be described and analysed mainly from existing dat 
6974 1 l accredited resulting from the project would complete the description of 90 fish species, 21 f 
11677 4 nce of predators . analysis of our data will seek to evaluate the effectiveness with which sedi 
t kills with the expectation that there will be a detectable post-kill decline in numbers of fi 
 numbers of fish scales. furthermore we will determine the consequences of effects in terms of  
d the longevity of effects. our project should much improve our understanding of how effectivel 
15585 4 ies. in the proposed project fishcon we will investigate the dynamic link between management an 
titudinal gradient from 48 to 71 °n. we will use a hierarchical approach, analysing data and pr 
t are relevant for local management. we will collaborate with local managers and stakeholders t 
nectivity within focal catchments. this will provide the basis for investigating how management 
15507 1 ct that reliable signals at equilibrium should be costly. while empirical evidence in support o 
15043 3 ng in doñana national park. the project will employ an innovative multidisciplinary approach mi 
nces of individual and site quality. it will further provide a much needed quantitative review  
wn scientists for this kind of analyses will guarantee the necessary high standard of results d 
15044 1  kin selection promotes altruism and we will address the genetic base and phenotypic plasticity 
2089 2 h atlantic drift. to accomplish this we will combine light and electron microscopy with molecul 
ethods. field measurements and sampling will be performed in different sandy beach localities a 
2500 3  is put into a life-history context. we will utilize readily available long-term data from four 
n data from numerous bird observatories will form a basis for studying large-scale environmenta 
ent and breeding of three gull species, will allow us to compare long-lived species' flexible m 
15072 3 c groups in our taxonomic treatment, we will explore the monophyly of those infrageneric taxa w 
m s.l. and schistidium. to this end, we will use both morphological and nuclear and chloroplast 
chloroplastic dna information. the data will be analyzed using parsimony, bayesian inference an 
14680 2 ed, in this vii phase of the project we shall edit and publish volumenes xii, xiii, xv and xvii 
ii, xiii, xv and xviii . aditionally we shall conclude the amarillydacea, iridaceae, agavaceae, 
14682 2  adviser committee of the volumes which will be elaborated during the period on which flora ibe 
be inuleae . the methodology and format will be similar to those used during the elaboration of 
15497 3 of 2012. the main objective of phase ix will then be the publication of the xvith volume compri 
 all likelihood exceeding 800. the work will focus on the completion of the synthesis of genera 
 study of the family gramineae; phase x will be finally requested to complete this family which 
15447 2 glucose and fructose, an imbalance that could be due to the action of nectarivorous yeasts. one 
genus's flowers. our working hypothesis would be that the nectars chemical composition is const 
222 8 e-level change on floristic composition will be analysed. the comparison of past and present-da 
ape structure and floristic composition will be based mainly on the estonian vegetation mapping 
om 1934-1955. the floristic composition will be described newly for species-rich grassland and  
he change in their area over the period will be revealed by gis analyse. the main aims of the p 
of land taken into agricultural use. we will compare the stability of floristic composition in  
eneralists. we assume that habitat loss will have more negative impact to habitat specialists.  
bitat specialists. for that purposes we will analyse the habitat spcifity of the plants in targ 
 in target communities of our study. we will investigate the reasons of decrease in distributio 
7318 1 re recently, demographic analysis. this will better identify and enhance the ecological service 
10295 1 systems. this interdisciplinary project will use hydrodynamic theory as an explanatory tool to  
11223 1 systems. this interdisciplinary project will use hydrodynamic theory as an explanatory tool to  
11762 1 systems. this interdisciplinary project will use hydrodynamic theory as an explanatory tool to  
10705 3  components of the soil structure. this will be achieved by the innovative combination of soil  
on isotope ratio mass spectrometry. use will be made of two labelled sources of c . the outputs 
es of c . the outputs from this project will be quantification of the pathways from these two d 
15177 1 nd phenotypic variation. this questions will help to address, within a broader ecological and e 
9990 1                            this project will investigate high performance sensors for making hi 
10612 2 tra at different excitation wavelengths shall be obtained of fossil dinoflagellate cysts of sel 
s of selected time slices. the analyses shall help to clarify the nutritional preferences in fo 
10839 5 an to test the hypothesis that a mother should invest more into the offspring of attractive mal 
spring of attractive males because they will be more successful than those of unattractive fath 
rnal care. for offspring, such a father will be highly beneficial. i will manipulate the fluore 
h a father will be highly beneficial. i will manipulate the fluorescent plumage used by parrots 
ce to alter male attractiveness. then i will measure maternal investment into eggs and chicks,  
14794 1  fluorine in aquatic plants and animals will permit to indentify suitable biomarkers of fluorid 
14208 2 e of carefully selected ‘focal’ species could provide cost-effective tools for addressing ecosy 
been criticized for several reasons. we will systematically evaluate the potential of focal spe 
13604 1 eractions. the accuracy of the approach will be evaluated in detail on pathogenic vibrio popula 
11269 1  task. agriculture expansion and growth will be reliant on sustainable resource supply in terms 
11416 1  task. agriculture expansion and growth will be reliant on sustainable resource supply in terms 
12467 3             summary objectives: the aim will be to describe the links between the cfp and inter 
es governance and identify aspects that could be included in the cfp reform to have a positive  
fp and fisheries development policy. it will also involve identification of aspects that can be 
11501 3 however, it is clear that food security will continue to remain a critical issue in developing  
. activities to achieving this research will primarily focus around three workshops, to be held 
 uk, malawi and colombia. the workshops will bring together the partners, and other stakeholder 
9838 3 lecular techniques, novel to food webs, will be used to detect and identify prey dna from preda 
 relevant prey genes, molecular markers will be identified that will enable us to compare the r 
lecular markers will be identified that will enable us to compare the role of native and alien  
15310 1 m pathogens and others. furthermore, it will be investigated the role of red partridges alector 
7620 1 ladina capable of rapid colonization we will develop lichen fragments scattering techniques to  
210 7 y on community structure of bumble bees will be investigated. 2. to determine the nutritional v 
amounts and combinations of fertilizers will be quantified and data will be analysed in relatio 
fertilizers will be quantified and data will be analysed in relation to the metabolic costs of  
 purpose, bumble bee foraging behaviour will be quantified by measuring their foraging distance 
ollen loads while bumble bee physiology will be quantified by measuring the patterns of discont 
soned by pesticides. these new insights will aid the development of strategies to protect both  
vision of adequate pollination services will help achieve more reliable crop yields from insect 
2106 2             during the next 3 years, we will perform a series of investigations to explore the  
ductivity in the arctic. this programme will add significantly to our knowledge of bearded seal 
9970 2  productive habitat. this novel project will combine fine-scale tracking of dogfish foraging tr 
e prey abundance surveys, this approach will reconcile the foraging movements of wild dogfish w 
11359 2  productive habitat. this novel project will combine fine-scale tracking of dogfish foraging tr 
e prey abundance surveys, this approach will reconcile the foraging movements of wild dogfish w 
7016 5                        the abyssal zone will be carried out. for ecological interpretations a m 
 interpretations a morphogroup approach will be applied to foraminiferan tests and several sedi 
n tests and several sediment parameters will be compiled. all these data will be included in st 
meters will be compiled. all these data will be included in statistical analyses. additional da 
 diva i from the southern angola basin, will be available to compare results with the ongoing d 
10659 4 water column conditions they live in. i will combine genotyping at different depths with high r 
investigation into genotype shell shape will be carried out to facilitate their identification  
l for past climate modelling. this work will be done in collaboration with a strong team of exp 
 their location is being compiled which will be made available for use by the scientific commun 
14314 9                    this cluster project will bring together a large team of forest researchers  
versity functionality. the network that will be further developed during this cluster project w 
r developed during this cluster project will be truly interdisciplinary: scientists from a rang 
 scientists from a range of disciplines will be attracted to the network and be invited to part 
se scientists from multiple disciplines will allow building a complementary view on the functio 
cts of forest biodiversity. the network will furthermore build bridges between science and poli 
y. on the one hand, the cluster project will synthesize and disseminate the existing knowledge  
vices and on the other hand the project will allow establishing a unique and novel experimental 
 and novel experimental approach, which will form the basis for long-term top quality research  
13464 1 r applications. the resulting knowledge should enable a more sustainable management of swedish  
404 3                            this project will explore the magnitude and duration of effects from 
ent of tree growth. the planned project will quantify long-lasting fertilization effects on for 
ponsible mechanisms. knowledge provided will be critical for the swedish forestry sector in its 
14504 1 e continuous data since 1994. this fact will allow us to establish the reference pre-fire condi 
14972 1 change, the effects on the biodiversity will be increased. by this, the main objective of this  
13459 3  inorganic nitrogen . long-term effects will be evaluated by studying lakes in catchments with  
h harvested areas of different ages. it will be assessed how excess inorganic n from logging af 
ecosystems to retain excess inorganic n will also be evaluated. the results intend to be used f 
13873 6 d is scarce and energy needs high. this will be tested by comparing bird-mediated giving up den 
-poor forests. the magnitude of the gud will be used as an indirect measure of the territorys q 
since theory predicts that a food patch should be abandoned when its food density equals the av 
bundance in the habitat. the experiment will be complemented with focal sampling of the tits fo 
orestry, species composition of lichens will be related to species composition of invertebrates 
of invertebrates. the proposed research will be especially relevant for conservation of biodive 
11691 9 f novel synchrotron based techniques we will be able for the first time to monitor these reacti 
o monitor these reactions in situ. this will provide high quality novel data on the reactions a 
tefacts to occur. during the project we will answer the following questions: 1. how does green  
 the environment the first 4 objectives will consist of extensive experimental studies examinin 
he data from the experimental programme will be incorporated into geochemical computer modellin 
mical computer modelling packages which will allow us to predict how green rust behaves in both 
minated land scenarios. for example, it will allow us to perform modelling under the conditions 
ng under the conditions that green rust will form within a simulated nuclear waste repository s 
o we can quantify the affect this phase will have on the mobility and bioavailability of uraniu 
9942 9 f novel synchrotron based techniques we will be able for the first time to monitor these reacti 
o monitor these reactions in situ. this will provide high quality novel data on the reactions a 
tefacts to occur. during the project we will answer the following questions: 1. how does green  
 the environment the first 4 objectives will consist of extensive experimental studies examinin 
he data from the experimental programme will be incorporated into geochemical computer modellin 
mical computer modelling packages which will allow us to predict how green rust behaves in both 
minated land scenarios. for example, it will allow us to perform modelling under the conditions 
ng under the conditions that green rust will form within a simulated nuclear waste repository s 
o we can quantify the affect this phase will have on the mobility and bioavailability of uraniu 
7310 1 iversity resources area. this objective will be pursued through: * the mobilization of an inter 
10399 10 zing and mowing. the recent fossil data will be collected from sediment samples taken from the  
ver insects are living in the woodlands will end up being deposited here. these recent fossils  
ng deposited here. these recent fossils will probably represent individuals living in the vicin 
ity over the last couple of decades. we will know from managment records that the areas sorroun 
eir canopy structure and management, we will be able to identify a fossil fingerprint of what e 
e looks like in the fossil record. this will allow us to determine the broad characteristics of 
nsect fauna. of course, our study sites will not provide us with a complete range of potential  
 may have existed in the past, but they should allow us to separate open from closed canopy woo 
ces on their insect faunas. finally, we will then collate and re-analyse published european fos 
eristics from forest environments. this will allow us to produce a more robust environmental re 
11632 4 and a half these experimental materials will be retrieved from the seafloor and analysed in the 
ical and control material. the new data will allow us to make a model explaining how modern ven 
 a better understanding of this process will allow proper interpretation of the vent fossil rec 
ry patterns in this extreme habitat. it will also enable us to find more ancient vent communiti 
6921 3 ration with applied research institutes could join in the improvement of hungarian agriculture. 
ian agriculture. results of the project could be utilized by saniplant ltd. to develop new, hig 
d a favorable scientific policy process would also be supported.  
7710 1 lysis of volatile aromas ascocarps this will clarify the respective shares of genetics and the  
7006 1 ght geographically separated streams we shall explore if scaling of population density to body  
10682 2 their fish clients. using field data, i will test if the success of both cleanerfish and mimics 
to clients of being cleaned. this study will provide the first attempt to provide a framework t 
10009 4 ng moorland stream ecology. the student will be based at the 5 rae rated school of geography, u 
rsity of leeds, and additional training will be provided through collaboration with natural eng 
e university of birmingham. the student will undertake a placement with ne in year 2, working f 
 research. in particular, the placement will provide training in translating research into cons 
12038 3 ongoing and future global changes. this will provide science-based answers to pressing conserva 
cally distributed river drainage basins should suffer an increase in population extinction rate 
, habitat loss in these drainage basins will hasten natural extinction rates by only 1.47 times 
11502 2 l and population-levels. to do this, we will bring together an existing long-term, individual d 
. our proposed work is novel because it will allow us to understand how gross differences in an 
1972 5 close relative arabidopsis thaliana, we will first analyse which gene/enzyme governs the differ 
ession to chemical profiles. second, we will assess whether the two chemotypes differently affe 
oot-feeding nematodes. additionally, we will analyse how the natural enemies of the aphids are  
e in glucosinolate type. eventually, we will analyse whether there are other ecological costs i 
pects of this chemical polymorphism, we will obtain a comprehensive understanding of several in 
2539 5                           this research will study life history evolution of african butterflie 
eding behavior throughout the genus. we will investigate the evolution of phyto-predation in a  
in the group. in making collections, we will also assess distribution patterns of different tax 
 their population dynamics. our results will therefore be of great interest in a comparative fr 
nterest in a comparative framework, and will assist in establishing guidelines for conservation 
7385 1 raditional populations. these questions will be addressed from an anthropological viewpoint, et 
10773 5 reas to develop objective criteria that could ultimately be used to advise national and interna 
ts: the primary outcome of this project will be the assessment of priorities and constraints fo 
ore mpa design for marine mammals. this will be of primary interest to policy-makers and the ma 
r project deliverable to this community will be software for use in dynamic ongoing assessment  
ns in anthropogenic risk. this software will also lend itself well to public exhibition, illust 
14745 3 ated natural selection. in addition, we will test whether mbc in these species reliably reflect 
ogical and phenotypic manipulations, we will make experimental tests. in addition, we will use  
ake experimental tests. in addition, we will use the marked difference in mbc between house spa 
9872 3 ter-gatherer archaeology in europe, but will also contribute to key debates in later prehistory 
 optimal for aerobic decay and the wood will be rapidly digested by aerobic bacteria and fungi. 
he now precariously fragile worked wood will not be amenable to further analysis beyond this ye 
13389 1                            this project will focus on conservation and evaluation of various wi 
14661 1 t studying the selective pressures that could be driving fruit size evolution in a fleshy-fruit 
2195 4 ies in swedish waters. this information will be used to develop gis models of relationships bet 
lation structure and how this structure will change with different disturbance scenarios. • to  
ic sea has reached such a level that it will be motivated to put it on the red list, according  
ated to fucoids in swedish waters. data will be used to develop gis models of relationships bet 
11592 5 orithms to estimate lai from salca data will be developed and tested by comparison with lai est 
 available laser scanners. measurements will be repeated regularly through the spring and early 
nt laser wavelengths. the proposed work will allow the potential of salca for validating estima 
e and aerial sensors to be assessed and will determine the potential of the instrument for moni 
tation characteristics over time, which would aid better interpretation of data obtained from c 
14685 1 ales and females. more specifically, we will study nest provisioning of green plants by males a 
13753 6 nitial screen, conserved chemoreceptors will be screened as i expect that these reflect common  
ng the three species. the second screen will include female specific chemoreceptors, as i expec 
ting mosquito vector olfactory function should yield results that will enhance our understandin 
tory function should yield results that will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms that c 
e-specific olfactory mediated behaviors will then be used in hek cell-based receptor expression 
ffectiveness of the putative disruptors will then be established by in vivo electrophysiologica 
10263 7 is why the us department of energy . we will then sequence the transcriptome with high-throughp 
experimental conditions. selected genes will be confirmed by quantitative qpcr. this study will 
firmed by quantitative qpcr. this study will help to identify the short term acclimation of f.  
rms every autumn. adaptation to sea ice will be studied by comparative genome analysis between  
in polar oceans because ice free waters will more and more dominate these habitats. high-throug 
se habitats. high-throughput sequencing will be used to sequence the genome of f. kerguelensis  
d large and small scale genome analysis will reveal the differences.  
7641 3 n polluted environments by chloride. it will also be associated with the appropriate choice of  
pose of pesticides and métaprotéomiques will better identify the potential for biodegradation a 
 laboratory microcosms these approaches could be applied in situ  
14879 7 bjective, the key conservation elements will be delimited, social perception on conservation ne 
social perception on conservation needs will be assessed. moreover, a functional analysis of th 
analysis of the different natural areas will be performed and the proper scales to maintain the 
 and the proper scales to maintain them will be investigated. this project will serve as a tool 
them will be investigated. this project will serve as a tool to study the implementation of a n 
rnance processes. the proposed research will be carried out in a coastal area . this framework  
 out in a coastal area . this framework could be exported to other areas in which similar proce 
14880 7 is objective, key conservation elements will be delimited, social perception on conservation ne 
social perception on conservation needs will be assessed. moreover, a functional analysis of th 
analysis of the different natural areas will be performed and the proper scales to maintain the 
 and the proper scales to maintain them will be investigated. this project will serve as a tool 
them will be investigated. this project will serve as a tool to study the implementation of a n 
vernance process. the proposed research will be carried out in a coastal area . this framework  
 out in a coastal area . this framework could be exported to other areas in which similar proce 
14881 7 is objective, key conservation elements will be delimited, social perception on conservation ne 
social perception on conservation needs will be assessed. moreover, a functional analysis of th 
analysis of the different natural areas will be performed and the proper scales to maintain the 
 and the proper scales to maintain them will be investigated. this project will serve as a tool 
them will be investigated. this project will serve as a tool to study the implementation of a n 
vernance process. the proposed research will be carried out in a coastal area . this framework  
 out in a coastal area . this framework could be exported to other areas in which similar proce 
14882 7 is objective, key conservation elements will be delimited, social perception on conservation ne 
social perception on conservation needs will be assessed. moreover, a functional analysis of th 
analysis of the different natural areas will be performed and the proper scales to maintain the 
 and the proper scales to maintain them will be investigated. this project will serve as a tool 
them will be investigated. this project will serve as a tool to study the implementation of a n 
vernance process. the proposed research will be carried out in a coastal area . this framework  
 out in a coastal area . this framework could be exported to other areas in which similar proce 
13836 3 lant populations. in one subproject, we will examine the genetic basis and adaptive significanc 
 herbivores. in a second subproject, we will analyze the genetic basis and adaptive significanc 
 lowland and alpine populations, and we will examine to what extent this differentiation can be 
10557 2 nalysis of the critical fungal partners will be undertaken to determine fungal fidelity between 
sm through common mycelial networks. it will contribute fundamental knowledge and understanding 
11577 3  of the land plants that exude dmsp. we will also look for the genes in some of the bacterial s 
had identified in marinomonas. all this will let us amass a genetic inventory of the different  
nformation to make molecular tools that will allow us to investigate, even more thoroughly, the 
1945 1 ss their socio-economic feasibility. we will integrate and synthesize results from three former 
14197 2 he individual bridges on ribosome cycle will be analyzed in a series of biochemical experiments 
e formation. answers to these questions will help us to create a model describing the roles of  
15474 2 l ecology. the analysis of xylem traits will allow improving the functional classification of w 
tional strategies. the second objective will try to verify experimentally the general predictio 
2009 3 ecies from dry and wet tropical forests will be screened for a large number of functional plant 
 association of co-evolved plant traits will be shown using a trait-correlation network. trait  
hange. based on these networks, species will be classified into functional groups, that respond 
11329 2 y history to influence plant growth. we will address these major issues by taking a comparative 
tions. the use of large species samples will allow us, for the first time, to unravel the inter 
14136 2 ling. the methodological implementation will be achieved by in-house, national and internationa 
l collaboration. the acquired knowledge will advance the understanding of functioning of fungal 
13939 5 the realised niche of different species will determine the correlative relation between availab 
he potential niche of different species will determine the causal relation between fungal speci 
f enzymatic and biogeochemical activity will determine species-specific responses to relevant i 
 soil with its potential niche in vitro will demonstrate to what degree species-specific resour 
s their distribution in the field. this will shed light upon the significance of fungal biodive 
7020 3 d terrestrial and aquatic expertise. we will gradually move from simple mesocosms to more compl 
mental systems, and in a last phase, we will transpose experimental knowledge to the field rese 
e to the field research initiatives and will therefore achieve the critical mass to further dev 
13738 2  groups . in this experimental study we will use both natural and treated sediments from the sk 
on. different functional biodiversities will be used and their ecological impacts on the biogeo 
418 1 replicate plots of 100 m2 per treatment could lead to the maintenance of floristic diversity.  
7135 2 plant diversity and microbial diversity will be in permanent grasslands undergoing four types o 
r rate of carbon and nitrogen compounds will be related to those performed on the microbial com 
14943 1 sity of grazing and abandonment, and it will be useful for the prediction of changes in grazing 
10077 1 ime. in analysing the data, a key issue will be to evaluate the practical consequences of funct 
1953 1  and physiological ecology. together we will unravel the selection dynamics that affect the pro 
11079 9 ized wood falls to the forest floor. we will simulate naturally fallen wood by pre-colonising w 
of attached beech branches. firstly, we will determine whether certain species effectively sele 
ional isolation onto agar. secondly, we will quantify wood decay rate, by measuring loss of den 
lices in the field experiment. thus, we will relate the species mix of primary and later coloni 
 with decay rate. as decay in the field will also be affected by climatic variables etc., we wi 
affected by climatic variables etc., we will also perform lab experiments on the effect on deca 
 evolution and weight loss. thirdly, we will study how antagonistic interactions between fungi  
eplacement of one fungus by another. we will investigate this in detail and also ask whether th 
under standard conditions. this project will reveal how fungal communities alter, how communiti 
10832 5 s of endophytes that infect a plant. we will also examine the reverse interaction: if endophyte 
rs that affect endophyte occurrence, we will grow plants that are endophyte-free or infected to 
cking, chewing and a galling insect. we will also use the most modern techniques of chemical an 
ink about plant-insect interactions and could lead to many novel forms of pest or weed control. 
as insect biological control agents. we could inoculate the fungi into crop plants and so prote 
10187 2 etically fingerprinting the fungi. this will allow us to recognise different individuals, count 
and other plants against parasites they could be used in biological control of plant disease.  
12466 1 west. key customer purpose this project will inform policy making including on cfp reform and t 
12337 1 . key customer purpose: pressure layers will be provided to the regional mcz projects for use i 
10253 1  estimation and real-time model output, will be developed.  
10254 1  estimation and real-time model output, will be developed.  
10754 1  estimation and real-time model output, will be developed.  
11529 1  estimation and real-time model output, will be developed.  
11533 1  estimation and real-time model output, will be developed.  
9994 1  estimation and real-time model output, will be developed.  
10089 1  they expect in the future. the project will involve large-scale manipulative field experiments 
10651 1  understanding of bet hedging in aphids will provide us with clearer information on optimal tac 
15248 1 olecular and immuhistochemical approach will be also done, in order to identify likely decompre 
10101 1                   gastrointestinal . we will use this protocol, in conjunction with an mhc scre 
13558 2 e new contract, it became clear that vr will not raise funds for this position, and there is a  
, and there is a risk that the position will be retracted. because biodiversity databases have  
6785 2 qtc interval and repolarization reserve will be studied under ecg in intact, castrated, and rev 
involved in ventricular repolarization, will be studied in excised myocardiac tissues and isola 
14700 1 les. the different cost of reproduction should impose different resource demands on the plants  
9809 4 es from 28+ species. functional studies will determine the extent of operational homology and p 
nal homology and patterns of expression will be investigated. hot-spots of mutation will be ide 
 be investigated. hot-spots of mutation will be identified by reconciling gene trees to species 
rees and their environmental correlates will be investigated to elucidate generalised mechanism 
15185 6  local adaptation. for this purpose, we will develop new statistical methods for quantifying lo 
w in real time. using these methods, we will obtain gene flow rate estimates among several mode 
model tree populations. these estimates will be performed sequentially in time and using molecu 
elective effects on immigrant genes. we will also carry out controlled pollinations and quantit 
al selective differentials. finally, we will build stochastic simulation models in order to est 
esents an innovative research line that will contribute to overcome the experimental limitation 
15193 1 on. the potential results of this study would be very useful for conservation and management of 
10506 5 volution and biodiversity. the research will examine the influence of oceanographic processes,  
 circulation and climate advanced model will be used to analyse population structure at both ci 
r and regional geographic scales, which will be compared with predictions from the oceanographi 
hic model. additionally, mtdna analysis will be used to examine putative colonisation patterns  
 around the southern ocean. information will be obtained concerning the impact of the topograph 
9922 5 volution and biodiversity. the research will examine the influence of oceanographic processes,  
 circulation and climate advanced model will be used to analyse population structure at both ci 
r and regional geographic scales, which will be compared with predictions from the oceanographi 
hic model. additionally, mtdna analysis will be used to examine putative colonisation patterns  
 around the southern ocean. information will be obtained concerning the impact of the topograph 
11240 4 ill are controlled by clock genes. this will involve a series of behavioural observations, to d 
tive cycle is essential. in our work we will use both standard and state of the art methodologi 
logies and create new resources that we will make available to the scientific community. it is  
arity with homologous krill genes. this will enable others to build on our work, both in the pu 
11497 4 ill are controlled by clock genes. this will involve a series of behavioural observations, to d 
tive cycle is essential. in our work we will use both standard and state of the art methodologi 
logies and create new resources that we will make available to the scientific community. it is  
arity with homologous krill genes. this will enable others to build on our work, both in the pu 
6803 5 ng method. in our experiments, first we will carry out a large scale mutagenesis with the gene  
 genes being expressed in somatic cells will be excluded from the further studies by a novel au 
s by a novel automatic system. then, we will directly select for germline specific genes by fol 
ene of the mutator element. finally, we will determine the homozygous phenotype of homozygous v 
e. the selected germline specific genes will be molecularly described.  
15479 1             ultraviolet . all this work would allow to contribute to the generalization of the  
2011 5 ms, it is becoming clear that variation should be of interest across all disciplines in biology 
ogically important traits. this project will integrate the study of the genetic basis of variat 
erization of phenotypic variation. this will involve manipulative experiments of the pre-adult  
ying pattern variation. such approaches will be applied to lab stocks and natural populations o 
pare different types of variation. this will address fundamental issues in evolution, as the or 
9830 2 s and critically whose genomic sequence will shortly be available. this will allow genes in the 
equence will shortly be available. this will allow genes in the region of the qtl loci to be ex 
15305 1 ntial problem of how historical records should be better updated arises. this is because in spe 
14126 2 ep and cattle and their utilization. we will compare the ancient breeds to extant finnish and e 
etween the populations. the information will be useful for inferences about the historical spre 
14652 2 ntifications of species. dna sequencing would be a solution, and searching for universal barcod 
d evolution of andean amphibians, which will be instrumental for conservation policies.  
10591 3 fspring for the first few days of life, will be used to collect data on genetic and environment 
 parents on their offspring. these data will be used to test two hypotheses. 1 the importance o 
ntal effect the trait experiences. data will be used to evaluate existing theoretical models to 
15238 4  differences in migratory behaviour, we will specifically quantify the effects these genes have 
t environmental conditions. thereby, we will assess the suitability of these markers for predic 
on of avian populations in the wild. we will use the results of these different approaches to m 
m of predicting whether migratory birds will be able to track the rapid environmental changes e 
11616 2 rids such as s. x baxteri. secondly, we will use a variety of techniques to determine the mecha 
the gene silencing process. finally, we will look at the site of expression of genes we have id 
15335 1 e of streams in the high areas of andes will be explored.  
11015 7 rstand this problem, we believe that it will first be important to identify the nature of the g 
lk production. to achieve this goal, we will employ a novel combination of approaches in d. dis 
um strains, different social strategies could be detected. the work described in this proposal, 
d. the work described in this proposal, will allow us to define and classify the number of the  
ed social strategies to be modified. we will then ask whether these correspond to distinct mole 
h altered social behaviour. finally, we will use these data to generate models that will allow  
 use these data to generate models that will allow us to develop a better theoretical understan 
9991 7 rstand this problem, we believe that it will first be important to identify the nature of the g 
lk production. to achieve this goal, we will employ a novel combination of approaches in d. dis 
um strains, different social strategies could be detected. the work described in this proposal, 
d. the work described in this proposal, will allow us to define and classify the number of the  
ed social strategies to be modified. we will then ask whether these correspond to distinct mole 
h altered social behaviour. finally, we will use these data to generate models that will allow  
 use these data to generate models that will allow us to develop a better theoretical understan 
2549 1 actors causing phenotypic variation. we will study the role of the y chromosome of drosophila m 
10704 13 ion female preference cannot evolve. we will carry out the first qtl study of the genetics of p 
udy of the genetics of preference. this will uncover the number of separable genetic factors un 
ct sizes of genes across the genome. it will also reveal the linkage pattern of preference gene 
redicts. another critical issue that we will investigate is the evidence that preferences are c 
e with but are also the most fecund. we will investigate the genetics of condition-dependent pr 
tic study. genetically related families will be raised in three environments which vary in food 
ssible that the environmental variation will overwhelm the genetic signal. but from our previou 
r we believe that the harsh environment will amplify genetic differences between females, bring 
in preference. so some female genotypes will consistently produce strong preference in all envi 
 environments, whereas others genotypes will show declining preference as environmental conditi 
nvironmental conditions deteriorate. we will further probe this prediction in our qtl study. we 
 and adult development respectively. we will test whether qtl for female preference are located 
 qtl for female fecundity. this pattern could indicate that the same genes for condition underl 
11414 13 ion female preference cannot evolve. we will carry out the first qtl study of the genetics of p 
udy of the genetics of preference. this will uncover the number of separable genetic factors un 
ct sizes of genes across the genome. it will also reveal the linkage pattern of preference gene 
redicts. another critical issue that we will investigate is the evidence that preferences are c 
e with but are also the most fecund. we will investigate the genetics of condition-dependent pr 
tic study. genetically related families will be raised in three environments which vary in food 
ssible that the environmental variation will overwhelm the genetic signal. but from our previou 
r we believe that the harsh environment will amplify genetic differences between females, bring 
in preference. so some female genotypes will consistently produce strong preference in all envi 
 environments, whereas others genotypes will show declining preference as environmental conditi 
nvironmental conditions deteriorate. we will further probe this prediction in our qtl study. we 
 and adult development respectively. we will test whether qtl for female preference are located 
 qtl for female fecundity. this pattern could indicate that the same genes for condition underl 
10923 1 ant. if the latter is true our analysis will define this ancestral function.  
10131 9  adaptation. in the present project, we will ask two questions of general importance in speciat 
phd student associated with the project will measure selection on different shell characters an 
 that we find to be under selection. we will address these questions by initially scanning the  
-throughput pyrosequencing approach. we will then test divergence in candidate and control gene 
d also in swedish and spanish sites. we will develop markers in these sequences and genotype la 
markers and phenotypic traits. our data will significantly advance understanding of the littori 
s a consequence of local adaptation. we will also develop methods that will be applicable to ot 
tion. we will also develop methods that will be applicable to other speciation model systems an 
e to other speciation model systems and will be valuable in identifying genes involved in adapt 
11417 9  adaptation. in the present project, we will ask two questions of general importance in speciat 
phd student associated with the project will measure selection on different shell characters an 
 that we find to be under selection. we will address these questions by initially scanning the  
-throughput pyrosequencing approach. we will then test divergence in candidate and control gene 
d also in swedish and spanish sites. we will develop markers in these sequences and genotype la 
markers and phenotypic traits. our data will significantly advance understanding of the littori 
s a consequence of local adaptation. we will also develop methods that will be applicable to ot 
tion. we will also develop methods that will be applicable to other speciation model systems an 
e to other speciation model systems and will be valuable in identifying genes involved in adapt 
10892 3 requent samples of the eggs laid. these will be taken to the lab for the marker to be scored. t 
the model is plausible, the experiments will use sexual females that have been put through bott 
ugh bottlenecks of various sizes, which will lead to different degrees of inbreeding.  
14438 5 ly and chronologically. gencast project will represent a first detailed and comprehensive analy 
in bulgaria. the information collected, will contribute to better understanding the impact of g 
teraction on fruits characteristics and will help to be established a basis for future research 
-quality nuts. proposal final objective will deal with the elaboration of recommendations and g 
 genetic resources. the recommendations will provide forest owners and state forest enterprises 
7523 1 d by the stock plants production layout should allow: ➢proposer in plantations derived plants c 
14688 1 sh genetic database and a dna bank that could serve as a reference to anybody interested in the 
10930 2  different times in an animals life. we will carry out this work by utilising molecular biology 
ring sex are. more generally, this work will also provide the fundamental first step in our lon 
1097 2 ture of wild populations and of hybrids will be elucidated and for both genera, helianthus and  
orphological and biochemical characters will be correlated with the level of genetic introgress 
10961 1                            this project will identify genes and pathways controlling feather pi 
9979 1                            this project will identify genes and pathways controlling feather pi 
10374 3  the prime factor governing recruitment would avoid this problem. hybrid zones in which fertile 
tat range satisfy this requirement, and would permit future breeding experiments leading to the 
r such analysis. alternative hypotheses will be evaluated to test whether s. sylvatica is a pop 
11209 2 es in temperature and parasitoid attack will be studied using whole-genome and customised dna m 
nd customised dna microarrays. the data will allow the genes and mechanisms controlling the res 
15297 2 l of the alternation of generations. we will look for its mrna targets, specifically those expr 
omputational prediction of srna targets will be validated by the experimental identification of 
10766 2 populations. with the resultant data we will be able to assess if a behavioural traits diverge  
h strange males. together these results will indicate whether sexual selection causes divergenc 
14219 1 ogical approaches. the expected results will help to reveal the genetic basis of fitness differ 
14781 5 pread via waterbirds or other means. we will compare levels of diversity with those observed in 
 species level . using these probes, we will initially quantify the proportion of each species  
pacity for dispersal via waterbirds. we will also identify cysts present in the sediments of lo 
ave been eliminated by this invader. we will also study the ability of a. franciscana to disper 
disperse via wind. all this information will be vital in the formation of a strategy to conserv 
2126 2 timately results in new species answers will address a central question of population genetics: 
ng and outbreeding species. our results will furthermore shed light on the general problem of i 
14914 5 quences, and y-chromosome snps and strs will be analysed in 1,350 individuals from bantu-speaki 
, the extant bantu-speaking populations would be the descendants of this expansion whereas the  
expansion whereas the pygmy populations would be the remnants of hunter-gatherer populations. t 
ion groups and their internal diversity will allow us to test if there was a population replace 
m this region relatively unknown region will be described as well as the possible sexual migrat 
7589 1 on the diversity of genes pathogenicity will trace the evolution of different functional aspect 
7546 1 t and animal populations. this approach will be developed from microsatellite data on populatio 
14775 7 the variation of y-chromosome and mtdna will be analyzed. population samples will be collected  
na will be analyzed. population samples will be collected in situ by this research group and ta 
riteria. paternal and maternal lineages will be studied separately and the whole data will be c 
e studied separately and the whole data will be combined to infer underlying aspects to genetic 
ations settled over mediterranean space will be analyzed. restrictions to gene flow include lin 
 in particular with berber populations, will be analyzed in this research. the allelic structur 
ture of genetic diversity of andalusias will be related to the population health.  
7585 1 , breeders and breed clubs, the results will be made ​​available for better management of farmi 
11606 4 ds. informative chloroplast dna regions will be identified and sequenced automatically for 1000 
ally for 1000 trees. this large dataset will be analysed by modern computer-based methods that  
he sequence information. these analyses will allow us to test hypotheses concerning the structu 
s and then across europe. these results will be of general relevance to understanding refugia w 
13765 2                            this project will examine the spatial and temporal genetic dynamics  
nomically important mammal. the project will provide results of importance for the development  
2111 2 ts gained from the experimental studies would be of importance also for regulatory risk assessm 
lly the market. the biological analysis will be accompanied with examination of the role of sci 
14653 2 ly linked with different mutation rates will allow to date polymorphic variants and, so, there  
l regions of our genome. their analysis will provide new evidences about the population relatio 
15183 1 ation of dna in a sample. such a system would reduce time to diagnosis as well as increase its  
206 2                             the project will focus on actual problems related to conservation a 
f endangered salmonids environments and will be of great interest to international scientific c 
7402 3 ptation of low effective population. we will check at the molecular level the hypothesis that p 
 the associative overdominance. then we will evaluate a model where people passing cyclically b 
tter response to selection. the results should be integrated into population management protoco 
14870 2 ir natural habitat. the present project will deal with different aspects related with the manag 
lations. in particular, the issues that will be addressed are the following: 1. design of an au 
14869 2 ir natural habitat. the present project will deal with different aspects related with the manag 
lations. in particular, the issues that will be addressed are the following: 1. design of an au 
10948 1 lation histories. the statistical model should have wide application for reconstructing populat 
11539 5 re clones, their reproductive interests will differ and individuals may benefit by exploiting t 
 brood by social insects. adult workers would benefit by preferentially rearing brood to which  
cal tags and the other not. the project will test the prediction in a leaf-cutting ant system t 
vae of different genotypes, the project will test the evolutionary theory that there is not the 
 polymorphism for nepotism to occur. it will also compare the tags of royal and normal genotype 
13484 6 fishery management of exploited species should include preservation of biological diversity. th 
arious approaches. population structure will be studied using genetic markers. comparisons of c 
ns of contemporary and historic samples will provide information on effective population sizes  
f stocking activities. local adaptation will be studied by rearing different populations under  
traits. evolutionary effects of fishing will be evaluated statistically by comparisons of conte 
-history data. ultimately, this project will deliver information necessary for development of b 
14532 1 icant evolutionary units in brown trout will allow making inferences on the role of natural sel 
1098 3 ts in the samples of european germplasm will provide indications of the potential of ld mapping 
 already available in the consensus map will also allow an indirect validation of the results.  
he results. the results of this project will be relevant both to set up more efficient ld analy 
12433 2 t mixing. key customer purpose the data will be integrated with information on stock movements  
er ongoing fish tagging programmes, and will provide a valuable line of evidence for the justif 
15418 1 between oceanic and continental islands should be reflected on various levels of the molecular  
15419 1 between oceanic and continental islands should be reflected on various levels of the molecular  
6806 1 nal electronic c1 inh mutation database will allow comparative studies on a larger scale that m 
13525 1 ypic patterns and computer modelling we will assess the amount of temporal genetic change in th 
10838 3 t the northern range edge. this project will test for adaptation at four pairs of established a 
ield experiments and morphometrics, and will use aflps to detect selective sweeps associated wi 
nder selection at expanding ranges, and will examine changes in population structure during rap 
6743 8 the rurales sectio of the tortula genus will be investigated in several spatial scales. genetic 
. genetic composition of tortula clumps will be analysed in order to reveal the relationship be 
otypic variation. scaling of characters will be achieved using sem-analyses. the research inclu 
of formerly hypothesized spore dormancy will be tested. on the basis of this species, the possi 
phyte diaspore bank as a genetic memory will be determined. the last analysis investigates the  
tions occurring on different substrates will also be analysed. all parts of the project cover p 
oorly understood parts of bryology, and will provide many new results which will possibly contr 
and will provide many new results which will possibly contribute to effective protection of end 
14553 2 . genetic identification of the markers will be developed by pcr using specific primers. geneti 
cific primers. genetic analysis of data will allow us the genetic characterization of pyrenean  
13847 1 ic variation, inbreeding, and dispersal will be studied in relation to the biotic environment a 
13520 2 olecular systematics. special attention will be paid to some species complexes with suspected s 
these forms using dna data. the project will be of great significance for the knowledge, monito 
13871 1  less able to adapt. in this project we will focus on the detrimental effects of habitat fragme 
6779 2 ean data the incidence/allele frequency will be analysed in romean population in hungary for sp 
arent lines. the first official testing will be 2003.  
13580 4  in short and long term field trials we will be able to determine if gm trees with modification 
an un-modified poplars. furthermore, we will determine if the genetic modification will affect  
l determine if the genetic modification will affect decomposition processes, macro-invertebrate 
n herbivores and pathogens. the project will provide vital data that can be used in current dev 
11137 7  causing a population to diverge, or it could operate in a more episodic manner, with burst of  
portance of these kinds of processes, i will examine the genetic, physical and ecological trait 
s in new caledonia, vanuatu and fiji. i will use information from the genetic code length to ex 
in terms of their physical traits. this will also allow me to quantify the divergence of the sa 
d populations. the ecology of each form will likewise be quantified in terms of the types of ha 
 ecological difference. additionally, i will examine how the behavioural attribute of bird song 
 the behavioural attribute of bird song could influence patterns of diversification. in birds,  
1995 2 to a changing environment. this project will investigate the genetic basis of adaptation in nas 
nd gene expression profiling techniques will be used. this information increases our understand 
10380 2 re to variation in offspring begging. i will conduct experiments on inbred lines of the burying 
cus on the following five objectives: i will test for effects of conflicts between caring paren 
7292 2 trophic adaptation of the pea aphid, we will look for the locus involved in the adaptive diverg 
. loci influenced by adaptive selection will be identified using statistical approaches in coll 
2552 8 te m. pusilla. whole-genome microarrays will be designed for each species. microarray experimen 
or each species. microarray experiments will be performed based on unique properties for each s 
ocessing and sensing. these experiments will be combined with chromatographic measurements of d 
siological data. the resulting datasets will be mined for candidate genes. selected genes will  
ned for candidate genes. selected genes will be subjected to functional analyses using molecula 
r methods. purified recombinant protein will be used for biochemical analyses. results from thi 
cal analyses. results from this project will provide novel knowledge on key processes in the cy 
 of this knowledge into suitable models will improve prediction of dms production and its effec 
10800 8  that they exchange genes. this project will specifically focus on the maintenance of species b 
 between s. latifolia and s. dioica. we will use a high-throughput genomic sequencer to determi 
led from wild populations. this dataset will include a significant proportion of genes in the g 
roportion of genes in the genome, which will allow us to analyse what proportion of genes is un 
ys separate between the two species. we will also identify genes under positive selection in ei 
selection in either or both species and will test whether these genes are more or less prone to 
ession between the species. the dataset will also be used to study genome-wide expression diffe 
ivergence in the protein-coding regions will allow us to test modern theories of adaptation and 
15441 4 ucing unisexually. phylogenetic methods will offer the comparative framework to study the evolu 
 structure and evolutionary rates. this will be done by comparing sister pairs of sexual versus 
re interspecific hybrids of the former, will also represent a vertical, ancestor-descendant com 
 such species pairs within calligrapha, will allow comparisons between unisexual genomes to fin 
10880 5 f the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster will have their courtship song recorded and analysed. t 
 song recorded and analysed. the design will allow us to measure a range of song parameters, pl 
enced to a high level of coverage. this will allow genome-wide association analyses to be compl 
notypes, including mating success. this will provide an unparalleled data set for the analysis  
pes within a single population. results will be relevant to behaviour genetics, sexual selectio 
15299 2 ue to our african origin between groups will be detected, quantified and dated. finally, the re 
 with the analysis of whole genome data will be used to detect possible sexual migration asymme 
10097 1 ise manner over hundreds . these plants will enable us to determine the long and short term gen 
10844 1 the results obtained during the project will further our understanding of the role of chromosom 
13730 4 mains static as fixed heterozygosity or would be released and expressed in a way such that furt 
enome restructuring in these polyploids will be described and quantified by means of variation  
e loci. the diversity patterns obtained will be compared with a relative timescale for the age  
oci. the applicant and two phd students will be involved in the project. the application covers 
10761 2 ch as river blindness and elephantiasis could be treated with antibiotics. in other cases, they 
ch they interface are the elements that will be driven along by natural selection, and revealin 
10532 4 the genomes of these three phages. this will inform us of particular features of these phage an 
 particular features of these phage and will give us clues about their life strategy and evolut 
s not clear what these genome sequences will tell us, but given the exciting insights from cyan 
ir hosts, the outcomes of this research will be very informative in the context of the evolutio 
2501 4 htly coupled, both cell and genome size should also show a strong negative correlation with dev 
opmental time. we hypothesize that this could be related to a phosphorus allocation from dna to 
actually is solved by the organisms. we will study both the role of polyploidy and genome downs 
s allocated to dna vs. rna. the project will be based both on meta-analysis of existing data an 
11396 10 ver the past 20 years. the new research will build on novel and exciting data that emerged from 
rphism over a large number of aflp loci will be undertaken to isolate parts of the genome subje 
nking adaptive genes fixed by selection will exhibit reduced levels of variation and a skewed d 
 allele frequencies, while the opposite will be the case for loci subject to balancing selectio 
f the genome subjected to selection, we shall investigate the function and role of such segment 
 of such segments in two ways. first we shall determine if qtls controlling traits that disting 
 the signature of selection. second, we shall determine if candidate genes of known function an 
tion. when such signatures are found we shall conclude that the qtls and candidate genes concer 
 group of diploid senecio. the research will