IdNumber of occurencesForms
7186 2 modified crepidula on the succession of phytoplankton species, and pelagic drift system was the 
 society, if the proliferation of green algae brand spirits throughout the coast of Brittany, i 
7279 1 tudy of physical environments and their fish communities to better understand the mechanisms re 
7300 1  flowering plants is mainly provided by insects mutualistic relationships with more or less spe 
7428 1  presence of notable species of lowland birds, classified otherwise vulnerable zone under the n 
7558 1 t allow the genetic characterization of bacteria, but no nest especially outperforms other nor  
7560 2                                         Nematodes are abundant and various organizations in all 
e soil ecosystem. the structure of soil nematodes community turns out to be a relevant indicato 
7609 2  is applied specifically to recover the bacteria from the indigenous microflora of a soil havin 
icated in more proactive programs where bacteria selected for the interest of their properties  
11864 1 g through irish and u.k. lakes, causing fish to rely more on terrestrial material. our proposal 
7633 3                           environmental bacteria have an almost unlimited reservoir of genetic  
gely untapped because over 99% of these bacteria are not cultivable in vitro. new approaches ha 
agenomic of extracting the dna of these bacteria directly from the environment and clone the ba 
10022 3  of the tree-of-life, the holometabolan insects. we have already developed a set of bioinformat 
 the large number of available data for insects. we will also provide scripts to enable an iter 
 towards building the universal tree of insects.  
7643 3  life traits or functions. taking coral fish communities as a model, we propose to investigate  
 to the changing patterns of coral reef fish communities following a decline of coral. this wor 
the enormous potential of data on coral fish communities to address a broad range of assumption 
11205 2                   viral lysis of marine phytoplankton is recognised as playing a key role in gl 
nvestigate the unique life histories of phytoplankton viruses and help resolve why marine micro 
10807 5 han others. what controls the number of fish of each species at different sites like any specie 
 are difficult to estimate because most fish larvae are small, develop away from reefs, and are 
udies on one or a few factors affecting fish populations, and this means it is possible to link 
ce of key factors that affect different fish populations, and the interactions among them, mana 
to place a marine reserve where lots of fish larvae arrive, or where there are large areas of n 
11001 2 and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen 
tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo 
11003 2 and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen 
tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo 
11199 2 and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen 
tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo 
11517 2 and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen 
tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo 
11790 2 and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen 
tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo 
10072 3  frequently referred to as being either phytoplankton . a key group of zooplankton are protozoo 
g either phytoplankton . a key group of zooplankton are protozooplankton, which are singled cel 
position and structure of bacterial and phytoplankton communities. because of the sheer abundan 
13819 4 on in boreal forests. however, some ecm fungi respond positively to nitrogen additions. by comp 
 determine which characteristics of ecm fungi make them sensitive to fertilisation. this projec 
irect effects of fertilization upon the fungi and indirect effects mediated through the tree re 
ant sanctioning against inefficient ecm fungi will be investigated. identifying why ecm species 
15372 1 tterns of two species of canopy-forming algae, himanthalia elongata and fucus serratus, at thei 
13457 1 change. despite the known importance of soil microorganisms we lack knowledge of the mechanisms 
10165 3        the project will use melanism in birds as a model system to investigate the genetics of  
ly occurs as a polymorphic character in birds, i.e. melanic and non-melanic individuals co-exis 
esponsible for all cases of melanism in birds, and whether dark plumage evolution through speci 
15083 5 servoir of a huge number of microscopic fungi including the hyphomycetes. these moulds are the  
s the asco- and basidiomycetes. most of fungi of biotechnological interest and important plant  
d important plant and animal pathogenic fungi belong to them. it can be estimated that the rich 
or knowledge of the spanish microscopic fungi we will develop a study of the soil and litter hy 
 isolate a representative number of the fungi grown using different techniques. they will be id 
14715 5 servoir of a huge number of microscopic fungi including the hyphomycetes. these moulds are the  
s the asco- and basidiomycetes. most of fungi of biotechnological interest and important plant  
d important plant and animal pathogenic fungi belong to them. it can be estimated that the rich 
or knowledge of the spanish microscopic fungi we will develop a study of the soil and litter hy 
 isolate a representative number of the fungi grown using different techniques. they will be id 
10883 3 lant ecology, the microscopic nature of bacteria means we have virtually no understanding of wh 
derstanding of what the major groups of bacteria, or their distributions, are within great brit 
, are within great britain. critically, bacteria perform central roles in enhancing plant produ 
2168 1 es and in a tri-trophic food chain with cyanobacteria or green alga d. magna zebrafish danio re 
2546 4  latitudes. the trophodynamics of these algae are therefore of key importance for understanding 
 the quantitative knowledge about these algae as food for zooplankton and subsequent productivi 
knowledge about these algae as food for zooplankton and subsequent productivity of higher troph 
ic quantification of copepods and other zooplankton feeding on phaeocystis in situ. based on th 
14225 2 o investigate life history evolution in insects in a phylogenetic framework, comparing geograph 
understanding life history evolution in insects on a global scale. furthermore, this work will  
10179 1 that converting phages of gram-negative bacteria are far more widespread in the environment tha 
10284 1 model focused on commercially exploited fish in the northern european shelf , that are frequent 
14667 2 publication of results about: calicioid lichens and fungi; pertusariales; rinodina, buellia and 
of results about: calicioid lichens and fungi; pertusariales; rinodina, buellia and hafellia;cr 
1979 1 now agree that in the case of migratory birds the carrying capacity of a non-breeding site can  
11671 4 ocal population dynamics of some stream insects. understanding the factors that limit populatio 
used on the aquatic, juvenile stages of insects, with considerably less attention devoted to th 
 may limit population size. many stream insects lay their eggs on the underside of stream rocks 
population dynamics. information on how insects use emergent rocks, will be of use to river man 
10280 1  leading to the formation of a layer of phytoplankton within the thermocline . this phenomenon  
10553 1  leading to the formation of a layer of phytoplankton within the thermocline . this phenomenon  
10522 2 network into a forecast system for lake phytoplankton behaviour and, in particular, to provide  
ar, to provide warning for the onset of phytoplankton blooms. dst2: the effect of meteorology o 
10752 2 network into a forecast system for lake phytoplankton behaviour and, in particular, to provide  
ar, to provide warning for the onset of phytoplankton blooms. dst2: the effect of meteorology o 
10756 2 network into a forecast system for lake phytoplankton behaviour and, in particular, to provide  
ar, to provide warning for the onset of phytoplankton blooms. dst2: the effect of meteorology o 
11807 2 network into a forecast system for lake phytoplankton behaviour and, in particular, to provide  
ar, to provide warning for the onset of phytoplankton blooms. dst2: the effect of meteorology o 
1992 1 rimental approach to test whether adult birds have indeed a short-term acoustic flexibility to  
11554 4 ductive behaviour in many animals, from invertebrates to birds. parents construct nests as rece 
 in many animals, from invertebrates to birds. parents construct nests as receptacles for eggs  
ity in the nest building behaviour of a fish, the 3-spined stickleback. male sticklebacks build 
t extent the nest building behaviour of fish is adapted to their local environment, and to what 
10709 1 distribution lags in an entire group of insects use models to examine the success of different  
10053 1  how large populations of single-celled algae respond to different rates of environmental chang 
15053 2 uence of the photosynthetic activity of algae, and they are also responsible of the greatest pa 
ever, currently the knowledge regarding algae community of the tinto river and their role in th 
13737 1 wn that both the taxonomic diversity of macroinvertebrates and the decomposition rate of leaf l 
12067 3 opical zones, the shift of phytophagous insects from wild host-plants to crops constitutes an e 
amining the impact of anthropization on insects affecting crops and humans, in order to better  
n both academic and agricultural models insects will trigger a major advance in understanding t 
2031 1 s due to global climate change. plants, insects and vertebrates respond differently to the incr 
13839 1 e for identifying spatially distributed fish populations is today different kind of neutral gen 
13780 1 ted as a molecular fitness indicator in fish. we use brown trout and coho salmon as model speci 
2206 2 elop tools for the management of stream fish populations, and study the performance of an adapt 
nce of an adaptive management of stream fish populations in close collaboration with managers f 
14668 1 e shoulder girdle and the wing bones of birds, the human tibia, and the baculum of capromid rod 
10753 2 r within them. we now think that marine zooplankton, their excreted faecal material and other s 
erstanding of their location using card-fish and confocal microscopy. by combining these areas  
9871 2 r within them. we now think that marine zooplankton, their excreted faecal material and other s 
erstanding of their location using card-fish and confocal microscopy. by combining these areas  
13608 7 uced weathering caused by exudates from bacteria-fungi-tree interactions, on macro-scale proces 
hering caused by exudates from bacteria-fungi-tree interactions, on macro-scale processes, such 
ycling in forest soils and tree growth. bacteria that enhance mycorrhiza formation and protect  
s are commonly called mycorrhiza helper bacteria . the selection criteria of the bacterial stra 
 promote mineral dissolution as part of bacteria-fungi-tree symbiosis. an increased knowledge r 
mineral dissolution as part of bacteria-fungi-tree symbiosis. an increased knowledge regarding  
roduction of important ligands from mhb-fungi-tree interactions, as well as this interactions e 
10688 1 luences on the pattern of senescence in birds. we plan to experimentally uncouple chronological 
7051 6 pe complexity affect quantitative aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs on a species-speci 
changes in food web interactions affect parasitoid aphid control. based on the fieldderived dat 
riments will be conducted to assess how parasitoid diversity and identity affect parasitoid int 
arasitoid diversity and identity affect parasitoid interactions and pest control, complementing 
ork proposed here will take research on parasitoid aphid control one step further, as it will p 
plant fertilization affects whole aphid-parasitoid food webs in both simple and complex landsca 
7430 1 veral purposes: reservoir of beneficial insects, windbreak effect, enhancement of the landscape 
7417 1 era aphid natural enemies of aphids and pollinators, linked to the type of grass cover on the s 
13310 1 tal chemicals, biological invasions and pollinator loss in the context of current and future eu 
15187 3 s project will study the benthic marine algae from sand-rocky habitats along the atlantic and c 
ects cause the increase of turf-forming algae at the expense of canopy-forming seaweeds. some w 
works have studied the algal turfs from coral reefs and subtidal habitats with high sedimentati 
13593 1 cidating the effect of three introduced macroalgae on the swedish coastal ecosystem.  
11101 1 e intrusions that have occurred in wild fish.  
14416 3                                   alien arthropods impose enormous costs on agriculture, forest 
threatened by the introduction of alien arthropods: long term study on effect of h. axiridis on 
ll produce validated data base of alien arthropods of bulgaria published in internet. it will a 
13743 2 blished between alien plants and native pollinators. first, a complete pollination network will 
iment will be performed to estimate how pollinator visitation, seed set and seed size is affect 
11186 1 and preparing management strategies for coral reefs.  
10869 2       large colonies of animals such as birds and seals are frequently featured on television w 
. we will also measure how much ammonia lichens have taken up and discover to what extent this  
14274 1 tobservatoire océanologique de banuyls: phytoplankton taxonomy  
12479 1 people, including goods like timber and fish, and services such as purifying water, pollinating 
10079 2 logy in now able to explain and predict pollinator-mediated gene flow. the comprehensive model  
l in developing a full understanding of pollinator-mediated gene flow and thus supporting accur 
10041 4               the colourful displays of birds represent some of the most spectacular features i 
als. carotenoids are not synthesized by birds , but are obtained from their diet, although they 
rtant in carotenoid-based coloration in birds. the study group are the african widowbirds and q 
onary basis of carotenoid coloration in birds that will be of very broad interest to behavioura 
14848 1 ry of the group of fishes and benthonic invertebrates from the region, by mean of a compared ph 
10052 2 lready shown that tio2 nps are toxic to fish, and in this one-year project we are concerned abo 
he project brings together expertise on bacteria, sediment/metal chemistry, and the ecotoxicolo 
14569 1 ontribution of the genetic diversity of soil microorganisms to the functioning of forest ecosys 
15172 2 ogenetic and functional diversity of am fungi associated to the target plants. 3. to produce am 
tate the succession of the different am fungi. this biotechnological development would be based 
7596 1 ne i, head of sustainable resistance to nematodes, has been cloned and sequenced from prunus ce 
14536 1 ecies concept obtained with our data to bacteria in general.  
15143 1 ical diversity. by using aerial-nesting bees and wasps estimating the effect that small fragmen 
14862 1 unctions as principal components of the benthos. advances in the knowledge of their biodiversit 
9963 4 ive in social groups, such as shoals of fish, herds of zebra, and flocks of birds. much is know 
 of fish, herds of zebra, and flocks of birds. much is known about the benefits and costs of li 
 in the group. we now know that the way fish shoals or flocks of birds move together can be exp 
w that the way fish shoals or flocks of birds move together can be explained by looking at the  
1987 4                       yearly, migratory birds travel between their wintering and breeding groun 
 number of distant stop-over sites. why birds use a particular route and follow a particular mi 
 what shapes long-distance migration in birds, to estimate consequences of potential environmen 
cesses in the annual cycle of migratory birds including processes that show their effects in a  
13600 2 data on community structure of arboreal ants and combine this with spatially explicit epiphyte  
 the process of the interaction between ants and plants, i will preform an experiment on the an 
14417 4 ction investigations. the resistance of algae is connected with the efficiency of their repair  
ive, light and temperature stress. some algae remain vital even at highest uv levels, and for t 
e. in this aspect, the use of antarctic algae as model systems for creation of survival strateg 
with other forms of stress in antarctic algae, as well as the creation of complex strategies to 
10344 3 he supply of nitrogen and carbon to the bacteria and algae, how this is affected by the tempera 
nitrogen and carbon to the bacteria and algae, how this is affected by the temperature and salt 
nutrients, photosynthetic organisms and bacteria and look for specific chemical signatures of t 
14708 7 symbiotic association with a species of bacteria is maintained inside the gland. such bacteria  
ia is maintained inside the gland. such bacteria produce bacteriocins, substances with antimicr 
 of the relationship between hoopoe and bacteria, the mode of transmission of the symbiont amon 
onships are widespread in nature within birds phylogeny. finally, since all upupiformes coincid 
 we will check whether all of them host bacteria, and how much variation exists in the bacteria 
a, and how much variation exists in the bacteria taxons inhabiting the glands. the phylogenies  
ting the glands. the phylogenies of the birds and the symbionts will be compared to gain insigh 
14106 2 minance in field studies on free-living birds. research will be conducted on traditional study  
finches and great tits, i.e., passerine birds with carotenoid-based plumage ornaments. hypothes 
15333 6  global scale. due to the importance of ants in many ecosystems, the loss of native ants can ha 
 in many ecosystems, the loss of native ants can have important indirect effects. these include 
lination, and even on vertebrate fauna. ants are considered to be a centre of ecological intera 
ystems to evaluate the potential use of ants as bioindicadors. the response will be evaluated a 
e impacts of the argentine ant on other arthropods and the factors contributing to its spread i 
ty, based on the information offered by ants.  
10465 3 arbour one or more of a series of other bacteria that have a variety of effects on their fitnes 
 fitness and performance. because these bacteria are not present in every aphid they are called 
tance to parasitic wasps and pathogenic fungi, help the aphid withstand heat shock, and influen 
9887 3 arbour one or more of a series of other bacteria that have a variety of effects on their fitnes 
 fitness and performance. because these bacteria are not present in every aphid they are called 
tance to parasitic wasps and pathogenic fungi, help the aphid withstand heat shock, and influen 
10922 1 ersistence and dynamics of a multi-host-parasitoid system. specifically, apparent competition i 
15575 2 s been shown that the structure of host-parasitoid food webs can be strongly altered by habitat 
uding agricultural pests, predatory and parasitoid natural enemies and their alternative prey/h 
10603 10               recently, huge numbers of bacteria kilometres deep in the earth have been discove 
n the earth have been discovered. these bacteria may represent over 50% of all life on earth. b 
 but we know almost nothing about these bacteria as we can only grow a tiny fraction of them in 
ts contain most of these deep biosphere bacteria and here pressures are enormous over 300 times 
e have developed a system which enables bacteria to be consistently grown and studied under hig 
sure coring and handling system so that bacteria are never depressurised which should allow dee 
r depressurised which should allow deep bacteria not previously seen to be studied. we will inv 
o be studied. we will investigate these bacteria to find out what type they are, how they survi 
ns of years old and may contain ancient bacteria. they may even be an environment where life on 
ht have started. so understanding these bacteria will not only tell us about life on earth it m 
10103 3 dent upon specialized associations with fungi in the soil. these fungi infect the germinating s 
ociations with fungi in the soil. these fungi infect the germinating seeds and supply the young 
p green pigments and are parasitic upon fungi. whilst this mode of nutrition has been known for 
11558 1 ic link between jellyfish abundance and fish abundance this will be a very useful advance for m 
6744 1 tivelly for a half century. breading of fungi-resistance, marketable grape species are importan 
15219 1                             many marine invertebrates present complex life cycles comprising se 
12516 1 prey species. many species of predators/parasitoids occur naturally in crops and surrounding ve 
11045 2  compromise the successful migration of fish from fw to sw environments and/or reduce the repro 
or reduce the reproductive fecundity of fish returning to the sargasso sea.  
11057 2  compromise the successful migration of fish from fw to sw environments and/or reduce the repro 
or reduce the reproductive fecundity of fish returning to the sargasso s  
14892 1 ing of biodiversity patterns of aquatic insects in a large latitudinal gradient with regions di 
14108 1                                         arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi whole dna extraction from  
11727 2 l fesem and sem, tem, removal of modern bacteria and simple incubation experiments with bacteri 
wider implications for the detection of bacteria in the history of life on earth and other plan 
10183 1  determine if bacterioplankton comprise bacteria that form important endocellular symbiotic rel 
11453 2 ycorrhizal rather than rhizoctonia-type fungi and that the symbionts of these helleborine orchi 
istance from putative co-hosts of these fungi enabling chronological analysis of germination an 
11785 4 scribed, other important groups such as nematodes have been neglected. nematodes are the most a 
 such as nematodes have been neglected. nematodes are the most abundant multicellular organisms 
ween 50-90% of the multicellular fauna. nematodes are ecologically important in marine sediment 
s throughout littoral communities of uk nematodes and extrapolate this information to estimates 
11636 1 ients for plant growth. the majority of soil microorganisms cannot be readily cultivated in the 
10070 6                         ectomycorrhizal fungi are essential symbiotic partners of the vast majo 
e vast majority of temperate trees; the fungi play a critical role in plant nutrition by exchan 
how the availability of ectomycorrhizal fungi affects the establishment of tree seedlings in na 
ver the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi in lowland heaths and unravel the initial symbiot 
logy approaches because ectomycorrhizal fungi are highly diverse and largely cryptic organisms; 
to the study of british ectomycorrhizal fungi. our results will be broadly relevant because the 
14952 1 armful ecological and economic effects. ants, by being ever-present and by their huge number, h 
10163 7                                         coral reefs are under threat worldwide from a combinati 
gion-wide shift from coral-dominated to algae-dominated reefs. these habitat changes, combined  
 have had a considerable impact on reef fish communities. the aim of this project is to compile 
hed and unpublished information on reef fish abundance across the caribbean. using the same ana 
patterns of change in abundance of reef fish and relate these to changes in habitat and fishing 
s in altering the patterns of change in fish abundance, particularly for those species that are 
changes that have occurred on caribbean coral reefs over the past 30 years.  
11610 1 s to assess n-, p- and fe-limitation of phytoplankton growth, photosynthesis and n2 fixation wi 
7485 7                           the escape of fish from sea-cage aquaculture is perceived as a seriou 
rsity in europes marine waters. escaped fish may cause undesirable genetic effects in native po 
on and the transfer of diseases to wild fish. technical and operational failures of fish farmin 
. technical and operational failures of fish farming technology cause escapes. cages break down 
operational accidents lead to spills of fish. sea-cage equipment is marketed and used across eu 
 of escapes of reproductive gametes and fish, determine the inherent behaviours that pre-dispos 
urs that pre-dispose certain species of fish towards a higher probability of escaping, and docu 
11635 6                         many species of insects carry intracellular bacteria, bacteria that by  
 species of insects carry intracellular bacteria, bacteria that by virtue of their cytoplasmic  
f insects carry intracellular bacteria, bacteria that by virtue of their cytoplasmic location s 
great biodiversity are the male-killing bacteria, inherited bacteria that pass from female to s 
re the male-killing bacteria, inherited bacteria that pass from female to son and daughter, and 
ling action of the diverse male-killing bacteria found in ladybird beetles.  
12550 6                                         bees make an essential contribution to agriculture and  
k swarm involves transferring all adult bees from an infected hive into a clean hive, thereby r 
ealthy colonies. in addition samples of bees and brood will be taken from apparently healthy co 
using organisms and threshold levels of bacteria within colonies that lead to development of cl 
 signs of disease. all samples of adult bees and brood will be taken from each colony in the tr 
 each colony in the trial and levels of bacteria will be determined in the laboratory using qua 
10865 3  student will examine whether calcified algae, foraminifera and corals can adapt their mineralo 
, behavior and abundance of shrimps and fish recording the distribution of gravid females and f 
 the distribution of gravid females and fish nests in relation to co2 monitoring zones, as juve 
12171 2 for farmland biodiversity, particularly birds, for which it can provide valuable foraging habit 
viour and population trends of farmland birds. they will also provide a basis for the developme 
2182 2 ease the knowledge of the status of the fish stock around jan mayen and enhance the information 
the information of the norwegian marine fish diversity.  
10067 5 dly during research with case partners, fish farm partners and academic institutes. drivers for 
utbreaks and the susceptibility of wild fish populations. due to the value of salmonid fish and 
pulations. due to the value of salmonid fish and the many pressures facing brown trout populati 
ing brown trout populations, monitoring fish health in the wild remains a serious challenge. us 
le and novel approach for managing wild fish populations, affording a basis for national monito 
11214 10               one of the most important zooplankton in the north atlantic is calanus finmarchic 
ood resource for commercially important fish such as haddock, herring and mackerel. however, th 
d free-floating microscopic plants, the phytoplankton. from recent research cruises to the ne a 
n. we also made routine measurements of phytoplankton pigments and what amounts of phytoplankto 
toplankton pigments and what amounts of phytoplankton are actually present in the water column. 
will need to measure various indices of phytoplankton abundance and activity in the water and r 
s. from this we can initially calculate phytoplankton biomass and then use measured relationshi 
biomass and productivity to reconstruct phytoplankton production rates, from space. production  
ace will then need to be validated with phytoplankton productivity measured in the sea. once we 
hed reliable year-round and basin-scale phytoplankton production, this will provide an estimate 
11754 4 how much resource will be available for fish stocks, we need to understand the population dynam 
lation dynamics and productivity of the zooplankton populations on which they feed. calanus fin 
 copepod species and source of food for fish in the north atlantic. the study of zooplankton gr 
ish in the north atlantic. the study of zooplankton growth in the ocean is very difficult and t 
14674 1 th complementary data from other steppe birds. the series of data on demography, distribution a 
12646 1 tection , through an assessment of wild birds shot and sold through game dealers. to recommend  
13778 1 s to study energetics of key gelatinous zooplankton species with special attention to assimilat 
10191 4 n mycelium and culture substratum. many invertebrates are highly attracted to these mycelial in 
n regions between mycelia of wood decay fungi, and collembola are attracted to, and preferentia 
at the chemical attractants are, or why invertebrates are attracted. we assume that the inverte 
rates are attracted. we assume that the invertebrates are provided with a highly nutritious foo 
13501 1 , irradiance and grazing in determining periphyton species richness. this proposal unites the d 
2121 2 ved. these hypotheses will be tested in birds using two approaches, analysis of demographic tim 
 characters that have been performed on birds. both approaches are carried out in a phylogeneti 
11743 2                        the diversity of bacteria in natural populations of a community of aphid 
 species sharing the same host plant or parasitoid is predicted to be more similar than expecte 
400 2 serious threat that might lead to lower fish production if management does not take the demogra 
he demographic and genetic structure of fish populations into account. genetic biodiversity is  
13482 4         through individual interactions zooplankton contribute to the energy flow in pelagic fo 
tter. behavior and sensory functions of zooplankton thus play fundamental roles for structuring 
sly, there are few quantitative data on zooplankton behavioral plasticity, and the optimality a 
cenarios. an increased understanding of zooplankton small scale behavioral processes is needed  
15487 1 ng behaviour and life-history traits in birds. recently, it has been suggested that, apart from 
10599 9 nd in a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cu 
a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cuckoos  
e of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cuckoos occur in th 
 known examples of cuckoos occur in the birds. here a cuckoo lays a single egg in a host s nest 
w know that at least in some species of ants, social wasps and social bees the adults can detec 
pecies of ants, social wasps and social bees the adults can detect chemical differences between 
derstanding which chemicals are used by insects to communicate information is an important fiel 
udy the chemical communication world of insects. this is because the cuckoos have learnt exploi 
lp us control, conserve and utilise the insects, one of the most successful groups of animals o 
9972 9 nd in a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cu 
a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cuckoos  
e of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cuckoos occur in th 
 known examples of cuckoos occur in the birds. here a cuckoo lays a single egg in a host s nest 
w know that at least in some species of ants, social wasps and social bees the adults can detec 
pecies of ants, social wasps and social bees the adults can detect chemical differences between 
derstanding which chemicals are used by insects to communicate information is an important fiel 
udy the chemical communication world of insects. this is because the cuckoos have learnt exploi 
lp us control, conserve and utilise the insects, one of the most successful groups of animals o 
2053 1                                    most birds are classified as socially monogamous, yet they f 
14152 2 s responses in developing young of wild birds. thus to understand the adaptiveness of stress re 
gy and growth of the young in altricial birds. using experimental and correlative methods, we w 
13503 3 reasing interest as a novel species for fish farming. performance in culture is assumed to be c 
nected with innate traits in individual fish, which has been found in salmonid fishes. the know 
nts by comparing boldness and growth in fish from different populations raised in the same envi 
11602 2 cts of the foraging behaviour of marine birds and contribute to our understanding on how these  
ibute to our understanding on how these birds are able to forage underwater for such long durat 
14717 2 rocesses of adaptive diversification in birds. we will use a three-levels approach. first, we w 
 analyses using one of the most diverse birds taxa, the order columbiformes despite behavioral  
14974 1 explore how behaviour flexibility helps birds and mammals respond environmental threats such as 
2212 3 ress and analyze adaptive management of fish and game resources from a welfare economic point o 
amework for welfare based management of fish and game resources. • empirically assess benefits  
mpirically assess benefits and costs of fish and game resources, and use this as inputs in dyna 
10744 1 he results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om 
11255 1 he results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om 
11259 1 he results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om 
11356 1 he results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om 
11595 2 s of responses to man-made influences - bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics; industrial p 
of new influenza shifting from pigs and birds into humans. it is likely that host switching by  
7260 1 nge for the sustainable exploitation of fish called white  
451 4  to study the biodiversity of maldivian coral reefs in liaison with local partners. the study w 
 maldives - with the fishing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being more and more develop 
shing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being more and more developed, what is the status  
in reef cartography, visual counting of fish while diving, capture and identification of larva  
7216 1 er biodiversity is largely made ​​up of fish. also the inventory missions, monitor the post- la 
14418 1 ed to: • record new pathogens of forest insects for bulgaria and europe; • obtain new informati 
14804 1 l sequences found. metabolically active bacteria contain more ribosomes and rrna than resting o 
1977 1 ertusa and madrepora oculata deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will show, wheth 
396 2 examine plants, soil animals, predatory insects, pollinators and two ecosystem services along a 
lants, soil animals, predatory insects, pollinators and two ecosystem services along a time-sin 
11310 2 ry abundant in all environments. unlike bacteria, they possess a nucleus, making them part of e 
rganisms to which multicellular plants, fungi, and animals belong. morphological and molecular  
14795 2 tion is the biological process by which bacteria sequentially reduce nitrate will be used to an 
 an eu special protection area for wild birds. however, the microbial life in its soil is perfe 
14186 2 odiversity and stability of lactic acid bacteria and yeast population of sourdoughs in differen 
l be performed to propose mechanisms of bacteria adaptation to sourdough and to reveal possible 
13942 3 izes nutrient elements, while producing fish food. we will test four main hypotheses: 1. the ra 
 growth and survival of deposit-feeding invertebrates, and be transferred to their fish predato 
ertebrates, and be transferred to their fish predators. the results can be used to evaluate the 
7422 1 tly reduced the diversity of beneficial fungi communities specify the the effect of mycorrhizal 
14821 1 ound in its different aquatic habitats. algae, however, are very precise ecological indicators  
456 1 er biodiversity is basically made up of fish . in addition to the inventory mission, a follow-u 
2137 1  conduct fundamental research on marine benthos with a focus on characterizing the properties o 
14419 5  demonstrated that flowering plants and insects ecosystems harbor vast untapped diversity of ye 
ic flowering plants and 1500 species of insects. these plants and insects could be habitats for 
00 species of insects. these plants and insects could be habitats for many undiscovered yeasts. 
 first stage will include collection of insects and plants samples from three national parks: p 
entral balkan. isolation of yeasts from insects and plants samples. during the second stage we  
7008 4 f biodiversity of yeasts and yeast-like fungi isolated from gut of insects. these habitats are  
d yeast-like fungi isolated from gut of insects. these habitats are widely unexplored and there 
 the course of this project since these insects could have had contact with mould-contaminated  
ring different developing phases of the insects. finally the isolates will be tested for their  
7286 2 ing community with a rich assemblage of insects would reduce this risk by being a source of pol 
d reduce this risk by being a source of pollinators for fragmented populations and favorable re 
7211 5 oject aims to study the biodiversity of coral reefs in the maldives in conjunction with local p 
ine species of the maldives • fisheries invertebrates and reef fish being increasingly develope 
ives • fisheries invertebrates and reef fish being increasingly developed, what is the status o 
in reef mapping, visual counting diving fish larvae capture and identification and juvenile fis 
capture and identification and juvenile fish, and taxonomy of different groups will be offered  
14716 2 utochtonous strains of entomopathogenic nematodes and evaluate there efficiency as an alternati 
podoptera littoralis and phtyoparasitic nematodes of the genus meloidogyne with the aim of prov 
10969 5 erefore, blocking communication between bacteria may provide a new strategy to prevent bioflim  
ation. it is also probable that aquatic bacteria have evolved mechanisms to disrupt the biofilm 
disrupt the biofilms of other competing bacteria, as a survival strategy. although this has not 
e biofilm, which was only observed when bacteria were viable, could therefore be an active phys 
this form of competition amongst marine bacteria will also be investigated.  
7273 3 e amazon, local migration of freshwater fish are essential for maintaining biodiversity. we pro 
h resolution, to trace the movements of fish. our approach is to cut water geochemistry data of 
gs of scales, including life history of fish  
14853 1 ue type of prokaryote within the domain bacteria. studies comprised both intraspecific diversit 
15129 1 nections of the macaronesian corticioid fungi, by including new surveys from cape verde archipe 
11728 4 opanoids, which are synthesised by many bacteria and preserved in sediments, have enormous pote 
ation of intact complex biohopanoids in bacteria and environmental samples. the method will be  
abase of the biohopanoid composition of bacteria, defining markers for specific bacteria or bac 
bacteria, defining markers for specific bacteria or bacterial groups, which will form the theor 
14115 1 tially powerful directives, such as the birds directive, the habitats directive etc. objectives 
12036 1 entional and unintentional invasions of insects description of invasions and processes at play  
7642 2 ents in which they live. secondly, soil invertebrates heavily involved in the operation of the  
nd ecological functional traits of soil invertebrates. originality of this project lies in the  
15120 1  account different trophic levels, from fish predation to intraguild predation in the microbial 
2550 1  of thermoacidophilic methane-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the verrucomicrobia lineage of ev 
14702 2 ic structure of fauna, from protozoa to macroinvertebrates, has a relevant role in organic matt 
nd biomass of microfauna, meiofauna and macroinvertebrates; and 3 trophic relationships between 
15280 1  efficiently competing with nitrificant bacteria. however, there is still a lack of basic knowl 
14575 2 armful ecological and economic effects. ants, by being ever-present and by their huge number, h 
interference with natural predators and parasitoids and, accordingly, an eventual harmful effec 
14951 2                                         ants have been described as centre of ecological intera 
tions. by their ubiquity and abundance, ants establish many kinds of relations with other organ 
13732 9 plied to create fast-growing transgenic fish, which are of great commercial interest to shorten 
mpact escaped growth hormone transgenic fish may have on the natural environment. to predict th 
itness of transgenic and non-transgenic fish under nature-like conditions. empirical data on th 
r, lacking at present. since transgenic fish cannot be released to the wild, studies on these f 
 released to the wild, studies on these fish must be carried out in specially contained laborat 
ssociated with production of transgenic fish. in addition, these transgenic fish will be used b 
nic fish. in addition, these transgenic fish will be used both to increase our understanding of 
rmance of transgenic and non-transgenic fish at different life-stages and under various environ 
t of the relative success of transgenic fish under natural conditions can be made.  
14494 4 th extreme environmental conditions for earthworms such as sandy, degraded and low nutrient soi 
future. taking as a starting point that earthworms activity modifies physical, chemical and bio 
 the study of the relationships between earthworms, acari and collembola. the earthworm activit 
the third year. the alimentation of the earthworms will be studied also. in h. elisae the we tr 
14924 1 recipitation by m. xanthus and by other bacteria in non-hipersaline conditions. so far, dolomit 
10797 1 an be caused by any one of five related bacteria known as the mycobacterium tuberculosis comple 
11565 1 an be caused by any one of five related bacteria known as the mycobacterium tuberculosis comple 
15087 3 ations of raptors. in the second place, birds which inhabit areas of known environmental pollut 
ime-dependent but also responses of the birds to chronic exposure. this information could be ve 
e episodes of massive mortality of wild birds when decisions on population management, protecte 
7613 1 ition of pollutant molecules present in bacteria degrading.  
14954 1 hich a previous study of representative bacteria will be performed, in relation to relevant asp 
15126 2 veloped in the future: the use of these fungi as water quality indicators. though aquatic insec 
ater quality indicators. though aquatic insects are routinely used as bioindicators, their gut  
11242 1  biodiversity. for some groups, such as birds and mammals, we know where species live and can i 
2196 1 iated species, e.g. bloom forming macro algae. these interactions may lead to dramatic ecosyste 
14594 2 fferent studies have reported that some cyanobacteria communities produce microcystins in medit 
 levels near 4 ppb evaluate the role of cyanobacteria biofilms on the ecological stoichiometry  
6728 1  and it can be utilised for feeding the birds. from 1998 it began the breeding program to impro 
13572 1 cts of lake brownification on plankton, periphyton and macrophyte communities through field enc 
6909 1                       1. bryophytes and fungi dwelling on dead logs were surveyed in near-natur 
11064 3 ill be developed and tested for coastal birds, collaboratively between the research team and pr 
fect of environmental change on coastal birds, and with whom the research team have worked succ 
iendly model will be applied to coastal birds, it will be constructed in a general way, such th 
15221 3                   bumblebees are insect pollinators that play a particularly important role in  
rtant role in cold areas and mountains. bees and bumblebees are declining globally. the reasons 
 are largely unknown, even though these insects play a key role in plant reproduction and there 
1093 1 , we will investigate several genera of insects and crustaceans which include phylogenetically  
11244 2 silised diatoms. diatoms are a group of algae / microscopic plants that live in a wide variety  
ncluding lakes and oceans. unlike other algae, diatoms have shells, called frustules, which are 
11321 2 silised diatoms. diatoms are a group of algae / microscopic plants that live in a wide variety  
ncluding lakes and oceans. unlike other algae, diatoms have shells, called frustules, which are 
10569 2 that the use of chemical information by birds may be a prominent example. birds are known to ha 
on by birds may be a prominent example. birds are known to have a sense of taste, but the tradi 
1963 1 ra of research showing that herbivorous arthropods can overcome constitutive and induced direct 
13710 1 t guidelines for an endangered group of birds, and generally advance our understanding of the i 
11102 2 erally that many small animals, such as insects, amphibians, birds and small mammals show metap 
l animals, such as insects, amphibians, birds and small mammals show metapopulation dynamics, p 
10632 1 ple of adaptive radiation. these marine fish invaded freshwater after the last ice age. freshwa 
13454 1 summer blooms by filamentous, n2-fixing cyanobacteria are dominated by nodularia sp., aphanizom 
11204 2 y c flux from plants through am to soil bacteria and microarthropods by 14c and 13c labelling o 
f turfs and in the field. am-associated bacteria will be identified by 16/185 rdna and dgge. ef 
11297 1 sea-bed, a process mediated by infaunal invertebrates. the efficiency of this process has impor 
2124 5 k of attention to consequences of plant-pollinator interactions for levels beyond the reproduct 
surprising. on purely pragmatic grounds pollinators conceivably play a fundamental role for pla 
 and abundance of bumblebees within the pollinator assemblage may affect the frequency of polli 
 with the functional composition of the pollinator assemblage. a central methodology of this pr 
is experimentally induced change of the pollinator assemblage.  
15192 1                                  social insects are characterised by the lost of direct reprodu 
2154 1 tal dominance of a carpet of silty turf algae. this event has been given great attention by sci 
11338 6                               inherited bacteria are commonly found in insects, being passed fr 
nherited bacteria are commonly found in insects, being passed from a female to her offspring in 
ale to her offspring inside eggs. these bacteria show a variety of interactions with their host 
species. however, the reasons why these bacteria are sometimes benign rather than parasitic is  
nsect reproduction is affected by these bacteria is unknown. we will investigate these question 
derstanding of why interactions between bacteria and their host vary. it will also allow us to  
10731 5  to study these potential costs, and in fish, individuals that have undergone a period of growt 
 and reproductive success of individual fish, and its effects on the dynamics of wild fish popu 
and its effects on the dynamics of wild fish populations. such information would be valuable, e 
ism, and swim performance in individual fish to gain insights into the mechanisms responsible f 
innings of the costs of rapid growth in fish, and also the consequences of this trade-off for b 
10236 2 ropical caves are inhabited by bats and birds that feed on insects in the area surrounding the  
nhabited by bats and birds that feed on insects in the area surrounding the cave, producing lar 
9812 2 ropical caves are inhabited by bats and birds that feed on insects in the area surrounding the  
nhabited by bats and birds that feed on insects in the area surrounding the cave, producing lar 
13848 2 obtained by stomach content analysis of fish as well as by using stable isotope analysis of the 
cercopagis as a consumer and a prey for fish.  
12014 1 last two decades. changes of the ground-fish community structure were observed and interpreted  
12656 1 s composition and abundance of breeding birds in urban and suburban housing areas in relation t 
14949 1 l microbes, particularly mycorrhiza and bacteria, which we expect to respond earlier to manipul 
11062 1 rt to the poor survival and recovery of fish remains, the processing of marine foods and the ra 
11013 1  formation of cloud condensation nuclei bacteria, fungal spores, pollen, leaf litter , and in d 
10818 2 gically formed and contains autotrophic algae and cyanobacteria. since these layers form at the 
rmed and contains autotrophic algae and cyanobacteria. since these layers form at the soil surf 
11476 7 olated a number of novel mebr-degrading bacteria from the marine environment. these bacteria gr 
eria from the marine environment. these bacteria grow on mebr and related compounds such as met 
al strains of methyl chloride utilising bacteria. in order to gain a better understanding of th 
o characterise these new mebr utilising bacteria at the physiological, biochemical and molecula 
ses using whole cells of mebr utilising bacteria. the results obtained will provide essential b 
cal data on a portfolio of novel marine bacteria in order to determine if these types of bacter 
in order to determine if these types of bacteria can be exploited as biocatalysts. we will use  
157 2 valuate the importance of this group of algae in the total flux of energy and matter of the coa 
being a quite unique and small group of macroalgae in estonian coastal sea the total importance 
15147 3  that many aquatic organisms, including invertebrates and vertebrates, show specific anti-preda 
ver, to date, few chemicals released by fish have been fully characterized in terms of origin,  
sponses of two prey species, a salmonid fish to determine the origin of the chemical cues relea 
13530 4                         blooms of toxic phytoplankton, so called harmful algal blooms, are natu 
g factors. despite being fundamental to phytoplankton growth, increased availability of inorgan 
ower for dinoflagellates than for other phytoplankton of similar size and dinoflagellates are g 
te one of the dominant groups among the phytoplankton. there is growing evidence that chemical  
14187 1 c ciliates as potential prey for larger zooplankton form an important linkage between the micro 
13439 5 hanges in hydrography have affected the phytoplankton community in the past and present, and ho 
tury will affect the spreading of toxic algae in arabian sea. this will contribute to sustainab 
t on export of marine products. focused phytoplankton monitoring of coastal water will ensure s 
ental changes on the composition of the phytoplankton community by analyzing oceanographic data 
e initiation and development of harmful phytoplankton species, and challenge the models with si 
7036 2                                         lichens are one of the most important groups of organis 
ibution of the trees on which epiphytic lichens grow. circumboreal species are often treated as 
12658 1   there has been an increasing trade in birds of prey from guinea to the countries of the europ 
13615 5 sed from their herbivores. root-feeding nematodes are major herbivores of grasslands. the goal  
ategies for the control of root-feeding nematodes. in greenhouse experiments, i will compare gr 
matode and potential antagonists to the nematodes. in addition, i will investigate if the plant 
dying how the abundance of root-feeding nematodes is controlled in natural ecosystems may help  
lp to improve the biological control of nematodes in agro-ecosystems.  
13785 6  proposed here, i will study host plant-pollinator-parasitoid interactions under different clim 
ere, i will study host plant-pollinator-parasitoid interactions under different climate and hab 
 scenarios. i will focus on pollinating insects with well known ecology i.e. large blue butterf 
in the study systems. using pollinating insects in an ecological and evolutionary framework on  
work on interactions between hostplants-insects-parasitoids in different habitat and climate sc 
interactions between hostplants-insects-parasitoids in different habitat and climate scenarios  
10476 1  dynamics and larval connectivity among coral reefs, the constraints to studying fragmentation  
13755 1 us on the effects of sub-surface ice on fish. the project will also identify the channel topogr 
2006 1                              indonesian coral reefs are famous for their high number of species 
10044 2 f climate change on structure of marine fish assemblages, yet increasing evidence suggests that 
 the northeast atlantic marine demersal fish assemblage. using collated data from uk government 
482 5                                         insects react rapidly to environmental change: for exam 
pean butterflies have exceeded those of birds and higher plants by an order of magnitude in rec 
cluding functionally important keystone insects such as ants. in theory, ensembles of closely i 
ally important keystone insects such as ants. in theory, ensembles of closely interacting speci 
by the many species that also depend on ants species across the climatic gradient, using nation 
10889 4 g activities such as arrival of migrant birds and is affecting the geographical range of specie 
e marine realm the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom has important implications for zoop 
on bloom has important implications for zooplankton and fish assemblages and indeed the whole m 
ortant implications for zooplankton and fish assemblages and indeed the whole marine food web.  
1999 4 nts will consist of a bitrophic system, phytoplankton and zooplankton, under controlled nutrien 
f a bitrophic system, phytoplankton and zooplankton, under controlled nutrient, light and tempe 
 will manipulate the composition of the phytoplankton or the zooplankton community and addition 
composition of the phytoplankton or the zooplankton community and additionally impose different 
10413 4                                         insects react rapidly to environmental change: for exam 
pean butterflies have exceeded those of birds and higher plants by an order of magnitude in rec 
invertebrate groups, including dominant insects such as ants that have major impacts on all oth 
ups, including dominant insects such as ants that have major impacts on all other species in th 
13747 5                                         insects react rapidly to environmental change: for exam 
lies have exceeded those of i;-:« |||;| birds and higher plants by an order of magnitude in rec 
cluding functionally important keystone insects such as ants. in theory, ensembles of |s;i jg j 
ally important keystone insects such as ants. in theory, ensembles of |s;i jg j closely interac 
by the many species that also depend on ants species across the climatic gradient,  
15566 5                                         insects react rapidly to environmental change: for exam 
pean butterflies have exceeded those of birds and higher plants by an order of magnitude in rec 
cluding functionally important keystone insects such as ants. in theory, ensembles of closely i 
ally important keystone insects such as ants. in theory, ensembles of closely interacting speci 
by the many species that also depend on ants species across the climatic gradient, using nation 
14958 12                                     the fungi which grow obligately on lichens comprise over 20 
     the fungi which grow obligately on lichens comprise over 2000 known species, and further s 
ly include lichenicolous species. these fungi are extremely specialized, and many are evidently 
 place in the overall classification of fungi. investigations into the biology, bioactive produ 
ucts, and systematic placement of these fungi have been frustrated by the difficulty of securin 
s for the isolation and growth of these fungi in pure culture, using freshly collected material 
aterial. the systematic position of the fungi will be explored using molecular phylogenetic met 
of the known 98 genera of lichenicolous fungi have yet been the subject of such studies. in man 
racters in material from different host lichens has been used to recognize different species. t 
 of selected genera from different host lichens by molecular phylogenetic methods to determine  
involve comparing the phylograms of the fungi and their hosts, with an emphasis on those growin 
emphasis on those growing on parmelioid lichens whose marginal costs are not charged to the pro 
15028 2         while the impacts of fishing on fish populations and demersal and pelagic marine ecosys 
e coastal ecosystems, the health of the fish stocks and the quality of the fisheries.  
14317 2 e congo river harbors the richest known fish species diversity on the african continent, which  
ic biodiversity of consumers, including fish. therefore, in this proposal, we aim to link terre 
13455 3                                         coral reefs of lophelia pertusa are key biotopes in tem 
ecies, including commercially important fish stocks. in sweden and norway a large proportion of 
 rehabilitation activities of coldwater coral reefs in years to come.  
14192 2 ions of 53 species of cereals, grasses, legumes, oil crops and vegetables are maintained at the 
barley, wheat, oats, forage grasses and legumes and vegetables.  
13578 2 pecies negatively affected by forestry: fungi, lichens, liverworts, and mosses. colonizing abil 
negatively affected by forestry: fungi, lichens, liverworts, and mosses. colonizing ability of  
13462 3 ization capacity of liverworts, mosses, insects, saproxylic fungi and epiphytic lichens. coloni 
liverworts, mosses, insects, saproxylic fungi and epiphytic lichens. colonizing capacity is inf 
insects, saproxylic fungi and epiphytic lichens. colonizing capacity is inferred from species p 
12146 5 es of the colony changes of vegetation, fungi and soil biota take place. nature and dynamics of 
tional elements of ecosystem – mammals, insects and wood-inhabiting fungi. other aim is to eval 
 – mammals, insects and wood-inhabiting fungi. other aim is to evaluate dynamics of the colony  
f mycorrhiza, communities of plants and lichens are in the zone of colony expansion. also the c 
functional structure of wood-inhabiting fungi in various parts of the colony will be examined.  
15339 11 n the detection of resources by diurnal pollinators. the anatomy of the eye, the nature of the  
the visual system differ between insect pollinator groups. this suggests that each insect group 
 for the ecology and evolution of plant-pollinator networks. this is because the ability of pol 
etworks. this is because the ability of pollinators to detect different flowers affects their r 
d allow flowers some control over their pollinators. because the only insect pollinator for whi 
ir pollinators. because the only insect pollinator for which the visual system has been studied 
 studied in any depth is the honey bee, apis mellifera, we propose to study the visual system o 
 differences in perceptual abilities of pollinators can lead to resource partitioning. this inf 
ial to determine under which conditions pollinators will be able to detect flowers of different 
s can advertise their reward to certain pollinators while remaining relatively inconspicuous to 
ining relatively inconspicuous to other pollinator groups.  
14898 1 at ecological importance as herbivores, pollinators and food for insectivores. moreover, due to 
13976 1 sis to investigate how breeding coastal birds are affected by shore exploitation, nature reserv 
2150 5 rway, considerable damage to deep-water coral reefs by trawlers have led to the closure of area 
to reports of large catches of juvenile fish. to use midwater trawl to catch gadoids catch rate 
y viable. second, the catch of juvenile fish must not be higher than for bottom trawling and fi 
er than for bottom trawling and finally fish that are sorted out/escape must survive. the proje 
ion, data collected on the behaviour of fish during the capture phase of the midwater trawl wil 
11119 1 cooperative and parasitic behaviours of ants living symbiotically with the ant-plant cordia nod 
11836 1 e earliest semiaquatic angiosperms plus birds and feathered dinosaurs.  
10402 7                                    many insects are infected by microorganisms, including bacte 
e infected by microorganisms, including bacteria called wolbachia and cardinium, that are passe 
d from a mother to its offspring. these bacteria have a range of effects on the reproduction of 
some of which are severe. some of these bacteria have been proposed as a means by which harmful 
en proposed as a means by which harmful insects could be controlled. however, to plan for use o 
such approaches, we need to know if the bacteria involved can jump . the project will assess th 
o which these two groups have exchanged bacteria, and test several hypotheses about which type  
15499 2 ion of root mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi and n-fixing bacteria and 3 did the evolution of  
sms with mycorrhizal fungi and n-fixing bacteria and 3 did the evolution of novel plant strateg 
13709 2  bacterium that infects many species of arthropods. it induces several forms of reproductive ma 
 a tool for control of pest and disease insects. by using whole genome sequencing and comparati 
10525 12  things i learnt at university was that bacteria could do amazing things. they could degrade cr 
ery useful sources of new capabilities. bacteria also are a very important part of animal life. 
on is changed by probiotics, indicating bacteria are important in good digestive health. in cow 
 in good digestive health. in cows, gut bacteria are of vital importance in making the nutrient 
usable by the animal. more widely, many insects carry inherited bacteria. these can be of three 
re widely, many insects carry inherited bacteria. these can be of three kinds- a required by th 
o grow and reproduce. in this case, the bacteria are responsible for the synthesis of nutrients 
gy of the insect to their own ends. how bacteria carry out functions for the insect-and how the 
solved. in this project, we examine how bacteria that are beneficial and parasitic differ, exam 
 examining the genomes of two different bacteria that are related, but have very different inte 
tance. genes that are shared by the two bacteria but have diverged significantly are likely ess 
antly are likely essential to many host-bacteria interactions. the subset of genes that are fou 
14220 1 noted in temporal abundance patterns of insects between temperate and tropical habitats. howeve 
10008 1 ifying creatures like jellyfish, wasps, spiders, and scorpions as potentially dangerous venomou 
14656 1 incidence of uv-b. moreover, studies in fish have demonstrated that slightly saline environment 
14426 6 on of the maximum allowable quantity of fish in net cages, with the purpose of being environmen 
ecological equilibrium in water bodies. fish rearing in net cages is a proved, contemporary met 
mporary method for rearing of different fish species. at present the number of the newly constr 
advantages of this method of rearing of fish, there are a number of problems and negative effec 
ironment, caused mainly by the released fish faeces and uneaten food. the main factors are the  
y and species affiliation of the reared fish, feeding method and the type of the used feed, wat 
6880 1 ic habitats and also in the sustainable fish farming. we plan to publish results in internation 
10181 1 ecies is a cooperative breeder, so that birds often help to raise offspring other than their ow 
11653 2  concerning the origin and evolution of birds. hitherto, unstudiable morphology of the pneumati 
cal series from archaeopteryx to modern birds. in addition to the discrete nature of the projec 
15240 3 ooperation are evident traits of social insects. less obvious are the numerous conflicts of int 
interest that oppose colony members. in ants, bees and wasps, one such major conflict occurs be 
st that oppose colony members. in ants, bees and wasps, one such major conflict occurs between  
15241 1 specific units grazing causes impact on seagrass ecosystems, inducing changes in their dynamics 
468 1 roach to the reactions of a cryophilous fish species, the bullhead to a population, with or wit 
13879 4                                    wild bees are important providers of pollination services to 
ent declines of bumblebees and solitary bees have been attributed to agricultural intensificati 
ation may contribute to the decrease in pollinator populations both by reducing the general ava 
s to maintain viable populations of bee pollinators in agricultural landscapes.  
15000 1 tic restoration. using three species of insects as study models, mioscirtus wagneri, gryllus ca 
14752 3 o carry out a serious study of the rbbm fish diversity, with the purpose of providing valuable  
r in the conservation of the freshwater fish populations. the aims of this study will have, the 
st, to make a complete inventory of the fish species present in the rbbm, and to evaluate, thro 
7220 3 ting, collecting guano, the location of fish shoals are all ecosystem services provided by seab 
d ecosystem services provided by marine birds in three countries in the western indian ocean: m 
p the erosion of biodiversity of marine birds in the region while improving the living conditio 
13529 1 ritically endangered swedish freshwater fish species . analyses of new and previously collected 
14515 1 eeding at chikly islet , by using these birds as bio-indicators of the organochlorine and trace 
14487 1 se visual designs in several species of birds and mammals living free in southern spain.  
11070 1 based assessment of the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to soil co2 efflux in resp 
7414 1 , a significant decrease in pollinating insects is observed. the honeybee is particularly affec 
14888 1 nts or aeroallergens, as pollen grains, fungi spores, mites of the dust or feather of animals e 
11322 1 as their nests are easy to find and the birds can be easily trapped from their roost chambers f 
11144 2 xploitation of common resources such as fish stocks or failure to curb carbon emissions are obv 
reeding sites for up to several hundred birds. the communal nest has two distinct but integrate 
10315 1 ich could potentially replace dwindling fish catches elsewhere. it helps stabilise the global c 
10978 1 . they are the dominant grazers of many phytoplankton mortality to determining sex ratios will  
11429 1 . they are the dominant grazers of many phytoplankton mortality to determining sex ratios will  
13821 3 ess influences. we recently showed that fish in familiar groups are less aggressive, consume mo 
ural growth in mammals, we predict that fish reared in simple habitats will show reduced brain  
lower fitness in the wild compared with fish reared in complex habitats.  
2483 6                                tropical coral reefs are the most diverse and complex marine hab 
no other environment is host to so many fish species, with such a diversity of strikingly beaut 
ght of the fact that 60% of the world's coral reefs are at risk from human activity. we current 
ditionally, the view has been that reef fish colours are selected mainly for species recognitio 
ne fishes, australian expertise in reef fish ecology and physiology, and british expertise in c 
n published data, covering several reef fish taxa, and will have its base at imperial college,  
11274 1 n the inner ears of living reptiles and birds, which will be of great value to auditory biologi 
10229 1 f resources in the environment. in many birds resource availability during breeding is often un 
178 2 ion, oxidative stress and copulation in insects has a potential impact for further development  
y aspects related to immune function of insects bears a potential practical value for interpret 
11436 1 stic basis for the costs of immunity in insects. specifically, we will: determine the behaviour 
10042 1 are subject to management intervention. coral reefs of the western atlantic provide an exceptio 
7195 1 rming practices and abundance of common birds are complex. indeed, agro-ecosystems are characte 
10726 1 keleton and whether the skulls of early birds were more morphologically diverse than their non- 
11455 1 les could reflect evidence for ancient, bacteria-like, metabolic processes. the australian rock 
444 1 hologists each spring identify breeding birds by song or visual contacts. we first showed that  
7160 1 rogram of temporal monitoring of common birds, set up by the CRBPO, since 1989 provides informa 
7506 2                             unicellular algae play a vital role in the ecology of the planet, a 
 crb of over 500 strains of unicellular algae is being established at the university of caen. m 
9867 1 amous cheat: it tricks other species of birds , we will compare defences at sites with and with 
11387 2  water system dominated by charophytes, macrophytes and a diverse invertebrate fauna in the 194 
fauna in the 1940s, to one dominated by phytoplankton and an impoverished invertebrate fauna by 
15056 3 vers with a calcareous substrate, since cyanobacteria are more abundant on this kind of substra 
at determine the presence or absence of cyanobacteria in different environmental conditions and 
ertain especially problematic groups of cyanobacteria and to establish phylogenetics relationsh 
12452 2                  summary objective: use fish stomach content data to describe how fish feeding  
sh stomach content data to describe how fish feeding preferences have changed in the last centu 
12565 2 on populations of both wild and stocked fish. study the potential impacts of light pollution wi 
ffects in salmonid and other freshwater fish populations.  
10947 1 n relation to temperature in the marine fish fugu rubripes at the embryo and juvenile stages of 
13788 4 e ability and decaying capacity of wood-fungi. many species of wood-fungi have declined for unk 
ity of wood-fungi. many species of wood-fungi have declined for unknown reasons, but it is poss 
arify whether there are threatened wood-fungi that are dependent on deadwood qualities that are 
 of why many red-listed species of wood-fungi are confined to forests governed by natural dynam 
11823 2 ring instead to interpret them as giant bacteria. our interpretation of the fossils will be aid 
sils, allowing us to decide whether the bacteria or animal-embryo model of interpretation fits  
1993 5 h as budding of trees and egg laying by birds. species-specific differences in these changes in 
ddition, the established mini-models on algae-zooplankton interactions will be extended to incl 
n, the established mini-models on algae-zooplankton interactions will be extended to include pl 
ll be extended to include planktivorous fish-zooplankton interactions. as we will be working wi 
 extended to include planktivorous fish-zooplankton interactions. as we will be working with re 
7302 1 on events and rarefaction of indigenous birds, and the identification of the key factors involv 
12460 1  both commercial stocks and susceptible fish species is biologically sustainable.  
12464 1 eit is to produce operational models of fish stock dynamics that take into account: climaticall 
12465 1  both commercial stocks and susceptible fish species is biologically sustainable. the study wil 
1952 2 timing and intensity of reproduction in birds is largely built on knowledge on selection pressu 
ll quantify behavioral responses of the birds and enable us to estimate the subsequent fitness  
11217 3                 the accessory genome of bacteria includes genes that may confer important adapt 
may be more readily transferred between bacteria than the basic genome. we will exploit the pub 
basic genomes in this genus and related bacteria. we will monitor divergence of each of about 5 
11192 1 iation in virus-induced liquefaction of insects by sequential passage of virus through larvae a 
10343 1 n. phycobilisome-containing unicellular cyanobacteria of the genus synechococcus are a major co 
11440 3  dissolved oxygen from the ocean. it is bacteria that cause this decrease in oxygen as they use 
ly in the water runs out other types of bacteria take over and begin to use sulphate for the sa 
a by product of these sulphate-reducing bacteria is hydrogen sulphide, the smelly gas also prod 
12449 3  of data on eggs and larvae of demersal fish in the irish sea, together with contemporaneous da 
, together with contemporaneous data on zooplankton prey of the larvae and coupled bio-physical 
pose: to investigate whether changes in fish recruitment associated with mortality at early sta 
15490 1 istent and most research has focused on invertebrates. four aspects make this field of investig 
12772 2 impacts on freshwater ecology including fish and macroinvertebrates, whilst also representing a 
n freshwater ecology including fish and macroinvertebrates, whilst also representing a vector e 
11651 2 ecies with life histories like those of fish and insects, concave-down relationships for large  
h life histories like those of fish and insects, concave-down relationships for large mammals.  
10861 2  that all broad leaved trees have decay fungi latently present in the sapwood of trunks, branch 
istributed differently. the presence of fungi within functional sapwood cannot usually be detec 
12150 1 pread of invasive pathogens in honeybee apis mellifera in lithuania and potential threats as an 
15128 1 e and composition of the two-mode plant-pollinator network in different fragments of high mount 
14162 2  two types of melanin based defences in insects: the immune system and protective colouration w 
 melanins, n-limitedness of herbivorous insects and oxidative cost of po reactions. another pos 
2123 1 a , the role of ecological barriers and parasitoids/predators in the spatial patterning of outb 
13430 1 ion of recent status of water resources fish fauna of bilecik, eskişehir, kütahya and uşak prov 
13429 1 ion of recent status of water resources fish fauna of lakes region of turkey.  
10968 2          marine productivity focuses on zooplankton production, examining how climate change ma 
ain link between primary production and fish. thus, we considered microzooplankton in two main  
2536 4 ted--is everywhere in nature: flocks of birds dancing in the sky, dense schools of herring trav 
pecifically, for the strongly schooling fish species golden shiner. with detailed individual mo 
cidate the individual rules used by the fish. until recently, it was hard to gather data on ind 
f migrating cancer cells, management of fish populations, or herd mentality among financial inv 
10837 2 ve been most intensively studied in the insects. in the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster, there 
ide improvements in pest suppression in insects subjected to sit.  
11779 3                                         bacteria constitute a major portion of the biodiversity 
rstanding of the identities of dominant bacteria present in a range of soil types, though there 
rmining the identities of dominant soil bacteria, and then we will address how different nutrie 
11509 1 lity of the strains and conidial yield. fungi can readily degenerate when continuously maintain 
10770 1 ores, unicellular photosynthetic marine algae living in the surface of the oceans, because they 
12651 1 tool to monitor the harvest of huntable birds and other bird species in the uk using data colle 
11680 3                                         insects, such as butterflies and moths, do not remain i 
portant habitat for rare ground nesting birds. when you mix two moth species such as these it a 
reading of virus diseases between these insects could virtually wipe out both populations. the  
15393 2  the implementation of dna barcoding in lichens and ecological fingerprints. - the potential of 
s present in large amount in parmelioid lichens yield an added value for several pharmaceutical 
10269 1                              eukaryotic phytoplankton provide an important record of environmen 
7391 1  provided us with new tools to classify bacteria.  
9831 1 xogenous isolation of new plasmids from bacteria in natural environments, without the need for  
12551 2                                         bees make an essential contribution to agriculture and  
ved from food sources or in the case of parasitoids and predators, on volatile cues from the ho 
6960 1 urvey, 4. maize pistil faunula test, 5. pollinator distribution, 6. resistance to invasive weed 
14615 1 ch has reduced the abundance of many of fish and cephalopod stocks that constitute their diet.  
7678 2 e. these micro-organisms, predominantly fungi and bacteria, include plant pathogens, bio-contro 
icro-organisms, predominantly fungi and bacteria, include plant pathogens, bio-control agents o 
7498 1 ar methods to specifically detect these bacteria in marine sediments to better understand their 
14179 1 en the cell size and growth rate of the bacteria, very important fact about the increase of num 
13731 1 variation in exploited populations like fish populations. present knowledge has advanced positi 
11061 10 . wild atlantic salmon are an important fish for many reasons, but are unfortunately in severe  
n s range at a very high level. escaped fish can survive, and some make it onto wild salmon spa 
s. here they attempt to spawn with wild fish, presenting a major problem: farmed salmon have be 
d for big genetic differences with wild fish. offspring from farmed and wild salmon reproductio 
ed. continual release of so many farmed fish could eventually genetically swamp wild genes, pos 
or down. research has shown that farmed fish can successfully reproduce with wild fish, but tha 
sh can successfully reproduce with wild fish, but that they are inferior at reproduction. howev 
owever, exactly how inferior are farmed fish, and how does this inferiority vary when reproduci 
ortant to understand the risk of farmed fish to wild stocks. we will answer this question by me 
ormation for governments balancing wild fish conservation with commercially important salmon fa 
1962 1 ce mechanisms include the attraction of parasitoids of herbivores by emitting specific volatile 
11360 7  the contribution of viral infection to phytoplankton modality has fundamental implications for 
nces the fate of primary production and phytoplankton succession, may enhance phytoplankton div 
d phytoplankton succession, may enhance phytoplankton diversity and structures food webs. howev 
irectly quantify the viral component of phytoplankton mortality. we aim to develop a highly pro 
ly quantify viral mortality of specific phytoplankton in natural waters. the technique will be  
. the technique will be developed using phytoplankton host:virus:grazer systems in the laborato 
s information will be used to interpret phytoplankton:viral:grazer population dynamics and thei 
10142 2 parative analyses dealt with plants and bacteria, while for animals analyses have been performe 
only on insect food-webs and mammal and fish communities. therefore, results are hampered by av 
12149 1 nd abundance assessment of two invasive fish species - round goby . genetic methods will allow  
9807 7 n to make the petals more attractive to pollinators. it is not surprising, then, that most peta 
eased seed set because more pollinating bees visit the flowers, when compared to mutant snapdra 
 will try to understand how and why the bees prefer the conical cells, by comparing normal snap 
vailability, in order to understand why bees might find them more attractive than flat petal ce 
ls. our second aim is to understand how bees interact with petals with conical and flat cells.  
ant families which have shown shifts in pollinators, and investigate whether there is any relat 
of the co-evolution of plants and their pollinators during their evolutionary history.  
13945 5 e transport of dissolved organic matter phytoplankton species. it is suggested that it is the n 
 that is beneficial for the hab-forming phytoplankton, and uptake of smaller molecules such as  
tive uptake of these large molecules by phytoplankton. we propose to study the utilization of m 
ular dom by several potentially harmful phytoplankton species. our main objective is to investi 
his is a common trait among hab-forming phytoplankton, then this has implications for a further 
6871 2 butes to downstream biomass increase of algae. in the same time flood, as a disturbance factor  
e biomass of four main color classes of algae along the flow at every few tens of meters by the 
1984 3 vertical stratified ecosystems in which cyanobacteria play a key role. the most important sourc 
re all actively fixing. many species of cyanobacteria fix n2. some microbial mats display a hig 
robial mats display a high diversity of cyanobacteria while others do not. the reason for this  
7138 3 f populations of various groups of soil invertebrates and litter invertebrates that separate th 
groups of soil invertebrates and litter invertebrates that separate the different response grou 
pecies to predict the responses of soil invertebrates to land use change.  
13838 1  monophyletic groups of ectomycorrhizal fungi have similar functional proporties and this is re 
11275 2 h diverse group could be related to the fungi. the fungi include the well-known mushrooms and y 
roup could be related to the fungi. the fungi include the well-known mushrooms and yeasts but a 
14660 3 ase that would allow the co-relation of cyanobacteria diversity with anoxygenic phototrophic ba 
 diversity with anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in distinct and extreme environmental conditio 
tratified environments . in the case of cyanobacteria, we also propose analysing changes in the 
185 1 res, and ichneumonid wasps representing parasitoids. afterwards, the studied patterns will be c 
2480 1 n climate forcing, and toxins may cause fish-kills. we lack knowledge on their biodiversity and 
14675 2 ion process. therefore, the mycorrhizal fungi can play an important role in the establishment a 
to isolate the autochtonous mycorrhizal fungi and to establish its relation with the natural re 
15298 1 ses in the diversity of the complex red algae of the genus laurencia and the monograph of the g 
421 2 ensified. ground beetles, collembolans, earthworms and environmental variables were sampled in  
 species had broader and longer bodies. earthworms showed different responses with smaller and  
2061 6 rine shelf ecosystems. the link between zooplankton and apex predators in these systems is occu 
 key species of small pelagic schooling fish. these stocks which sustain a large and diverse gr 
ale-dependent spatial pattern of forage fish species is a key factor in shaping the top predato 
 the trophic interaction between forage fish and apex predators. to evaluate the role of this h 
 distribution of apex predators, forage fish species and zooplankton will be collected during r 
apex predators, forage fish species and zooplankton will be collected during regular cruises in 
10378 2 acterial hosts. between 1-20% of marine bacteria contain phage, which can significantly influen 
ll investigate transposable elements in bacteria from antarctic water whilst at cardiff we will 
15287 1 th sexually and vegetatively propagated lichens. in the literature, there are conflicting data  
15288 1 th sexually and vegetatively propagated lichens. in the literature, there are conflicting data  
14146 8 esides ample information on fungicolous fungi and insects, only very scattered evidence is avai 
le information on fungicolous fungi and insects, only very scattered evidence is available on t 
nned to merge the existing expertise on fungi and insects inhabiting fungal fruitbodies, along  
rge the existing expertise on fungi and insects inhabiting fungal fruitbodies, along with devel 
in such assemblages we plan to focus on insects, fungi and bacteria. the fungal fruitbodies to  
ssemblages we plan to focus on insects, fungi and bacteria. the fungal fruitbodies to be sample 
 we plan to focus on insects, fungi and bacteria. the fungal fruitbodies to be sampled include  
nats with fruitbodies of ecomycorrhizal fungi as suggested by their overlapping distibution pat 
13878 3 ection and specificity of links between fungi and fungal feeding invertebrates in soil food web 
 links between fungi and fungal feeding invertebrates in soil food webs. nested pcrs of dna ext 
 clones will determine the abundance of fungi and thus the feeding specialization of the soil a 
15068 1 o characterize the presence of specific bacteria that may involve in the degree of severity of  
9919 2  affected the taxonomy of un-culturable bacteria which are only known by their sequence and not 
icroscopic wasps which parasitise other insects and therefore are used for biocontrol, to demon 
2022 14 aries and bays harbouring mangroves and seagrass beds provide important food sources for millio 
rtant nurseries for juvenile coral reef fish, but this has only been based on their high densit 
sed on their high densities of juvenile fish. however, a true nursery is a habitat that contrib 
her densities of juveniles in mangroves/seagrass beds never reach the reef fish population, the 
oves/seagrass beds never reach the reef fish population, then these habitats do not function as 
ensity, growth and survival of juvenile fish is higher in mangroves/seagrass nurseries than on  
of juvenile fish is higher in mangroves/seagrass nurseries than on the reef, and whether moveme 
an on the reef, and whether movement of fish takes place from these nurseries to the coral reef 
stry and stable isotopes, and long-term fish tagging. quantitative mathematical models will be  
dels will be made to calculate how reef fish population viability depends on input of juveniles 
nds on input of juveniles from mangrove/seagrass nurseries versus coral reef, and on the size o 
he population dynamics of tropical reef fish with spatially separated life-stage habitats. thes 
f these coastal habitats and commercial fish stocks on the reef. this is needed since caribbean 
r-fished and many people depend on reef fish as a source of protein or income.  
10189 4 rategy. because mutualistic mycorrhizal fungi have been viewed as restricted in diversity and e 
ssociate as effectively with indigenous fungi as can native species. hence, failure to find sui 
 evidence undermines these assumptions: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are diverse and exhibit se 
l therefore measure the diversity of am fungi colonising the roots of sets of native, invasive, 
10736 1 mental contamination by toxic metals in invertebrates.  
13610 5  shift. in august, floating filamentous algae and high biomass of phytoplankton were noted in t 
g filamentous algae and high biomass of phytoplankton were noted in the open water. interaction 
n water. interactions between submerged macrophytes and nutrients, particularly phosphorus, are 
ill be lost during autumn senescence of macrophytes and filamentous algae. the project aim is t 
nescence of macrophytes and filamentous algae. the project aim is therefore to document the nut 
10211 2 gulate it are poorly understood. carbon fungi are a dominant group of microorganisms that recei 
 to em fungal communities, saprotrophic bacteria and soil mesofauna, and to determine if c can  
11264 2 ill take place with groups of just five fish, given the time needed to individually assess indi 
assess individual personality and train fish to different levels of expertise . however, i will 
11546 2 ill take place with groups of just five fish, given the time needed to individually assess indi 
assess individual personality and train fish to different levels of expertise . however, i will 
9927 2 ce. finally, we will test the idea that spiders are limiting in some way for parids. we will mo 
d broods receive a higher proportion of spiders than normal sized broods. the rigorous experime 
10136 1 stablish the parents of each recaptured fish. in parallel with this field work we will measure  
10241 1 r than cross-pollinate. marine colonial invertebrates resemble plants in being fixed to the sub 
11100 1 r than cross-pollinate. marine colonial invertebrates resemble plants in being fixed to the sub 
10693 2 y important in adding iron, which feeds phytoplankton in the ocean. these phytoplankton play a  
feeds phytoplankton in the ocean. these phytoplankton play a role in the global carbon cycle, w 
14602 2 d by using mediterranean landscapes and birds as study models. a deeper knowledge of spatial an 
at large spatial scales of open habitat birds in relation with changes in the availability of h 
13880 2 ationists, partly because of effects on birds. environmental authorities have extensively used  
viour connected to human disturbance of birds on protected and unprotected islands. the project 
14199 3 ing the diaspore pools of plants and am fungi. traditionally managed species-rich calcareous gr 
n reduce the number and diversity of am fungi in ecosystems, and overgrowth of grasslands by sc 
ts of changing land use on symbiotic am fungi, present both as viable spores in the soil and fu 
7028 2 here is increasing evidence that either earthworms or arbuscular-mycorhizal fungi affect plant  
her earthworms or arbuscular-mycorhizal fungi affect plant community diversity and structure by 
11723 4 ly and artisinally important species of fish. stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon deposited in 
tags of migration in possibly migratory fish. the proposed field site, gazi bay in kenya, has s 
alinity and delta 13c between mangrove, seagrass and coral reef biotopes. these three variables 
will influence oxygen isotope ratios in fish moving between habitats. non-migratory species res 
13339 1 diversity indicators eg butterflies and birds but the ambition is to convert these from site sp 
2084 4 time series from hydrography, currents, zooplankton, to 0-group fish, in addition to paleo data 
aphy, currents, zooplankton, to 0-group fish, in addition to paleo data on water mass propertie 
n and trophic transfer from copepods to fish recruitment, including the modifying effect from s 
n abundance and distribution of 0-group fish. the project is an interdisciplinary approach with 
7182 1 h frequency, the very important role of pollinators, dissemination fruit / seeds of mammals - a 
10152 7 als to disperse to new sites. migratory birds might be expected to be most capable of such disp 
 which they travel. however, individual birds are typically highly site-faithful to their breed 
d behavioural constraints for migratory birds requires a system in which 1. habitat quality has 
racking of these godwits has shown that birds in new breeding sites tend to also use new winter 
s, and that they tend to be larger than birds in traditional breeding sites. larger birds may b 
s in traditional breeding sites. larger birds may be more common on new sites either because th 
ity of new sites and the probability of birds in new sites breeding successfully. this study wi 
11496 7 als to disperse to new sites. migratory birds might be expected to be most capable of such disp 
 which they travel. however, individual birds are typically highly site-faithful to their breed 
d behavioural constraints for migratory birds requires a system in which 1. habitat quality has 
racking of these godwits has shown that birds in new breeding sites tend to also use new winter 
s, and that they tend to be larger than birds in traditional breeding sites. larger birds may b 
s in traditional breeding sites. larger birds may be more common on new sites either because th 
ity of new sites and the probability of birds in new sites breeding successfully. this study wi 
15205 2  distinct and frequent floral visitors, pollinators and nectar robbers, in the variation of flo 
sure opposite to the one exerted by the pollinators over the floral traits.  
10471 1 f calcareous nannoplankton, microscopic algae that secrete intricate calcite and/or by the chem 
10049 3 ion in the laboratory, using species of bacteria isolated from tree-holes of beech . these bact 
olated from tree-holes of beech . these bacteria can be cultured in mixtures of different numbe 
urrence of coevolutionary interactions. bacteria have been widely used to test evolutionary hyp 
11784 1 ch include parasites of a wide range of invertebrates, most famously msx disease of oysters. th 
10638 3 to the evolution of locally specialised fish. in such habitats it would not necessarily pay to  
ise. in lake malawi hundreds of cichlid fish species have evolved in the lake, but this has not 
evolution. the work will study the only fish in the malawi cichlid radiation that is present in 
15318 4 core participants. in the case of plant-pollinator systems, pollination success is not determin 
d by the interaction between plants and pollinators alone, but also by the direct and indirect  
herbivores, seed predators, mycorrhizal fungi and also, possibly, by the yeasts that colonize f 
equency and foraging behavior of animal pollinators, as well as aspects related to the performa 
15131 4 es responsible for nitrogen fixation in legumes also remains to be studied. furthermore, the si 
lete genome sequences of key endophytic bacteria, the genes involved in colonization and establ 
ed in colonization and establishment of bacteria in planta can be identified. therefore, once t 
al micromonospora strains isolated from legumes other than lupinus angustifolius; b to study th 
9921 2  assessing the specific role of plants, fish and zooplankton on larval chironomid communities.  
g the specific role of plants, fish and zooplankton on larval chironomid communities. this proj 
15108 2  the use of nutrients and light between macrophytes and phytoplankton and its effect on bio-opt 
ients and light between macrophytes and phytoplankton and its effect on bio-optical conditions  
7203 3                           . herbivorous insects and pathogens are the vectors are among those m 
standing of the ecology of plant-eating insects and pathogens they are vectors, but also their  
ic of potential habitat for herbivorous insects and organisms associated with them. these chara 
214 3 versity of tropical microbes, including fungi, has received little attention, although these or 
ent cycling the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical monodominance via host specificity an 
erstanding of coevolution of plants and fungi, fungal biogeography and potentially explaining t 
14163 8 cause changes in recruitment success of fish, presumably through either production or survival  
or changes in the nursery habitats. for fish, a shift to exogenous feeding during the larval st 
year-class strength. besides the larval fish environment, individual condition of mature fish i 
ronment, individual condition of mature fish is as well important. recovery of depressed fish s 
s well important. recovery of depressed fish stocks is of major global concern and information  
f various life history stages of marine fish in the gulf of riga at different ecosystem regimes 
tion success of suitable food by larval fish; by studying the density and spatial distribution  
tical functions of early life stages of fish and help to identify critical factors why previous 
1950 1 ereas all animals show senescence, most fungi are potentially immortal. the best studied exampl 
15033 1     the introduction of invading exotic invertebrates in aquatic environments is a matter of co 
10949 3 e estimates of export production to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technolog 
n and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates t 
of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ecomar proje 
11056 3 e estimates of export production to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technolog 
n and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates t 
of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ecomar proje 
11425 3 e estimates of export production to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technolog 
n and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates t 
of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ecomar proje 
11432 3 e estimates of export production to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technolog 
n and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates t 
of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ecomar proje 
9893 3 e estimates of export production to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technolog 
n and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates t 
of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ecomar proje 
9900 3 e estimates of export production to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technolog 
n and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates t 
of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ecomar proje 
2103 1 ria . we will focus on plankton-feeding fish and seabirds in the barents sea and the benguela s 
13870 2 tor to both the individual cell and the phytoplankton community. the ultraviolet part of the so 
 knowledge crucial for predicting toxic phytoplankton blooms.  
2208 4 fferent harvesting regimes by the local fish management areas on fish community and overall eco 
s by the local fish management areas on fish community and overall ecosystem dynamics. • invest 
 • investigate the effects of different fish harvestings on ecosystem dynamics. focus will be o 
hat is simple enough to be run by local fish management areas but sensitive enough to include m 
2514 5 nother role is the impact planktivorous fish have on the ecosystem through depletion of plankto 
ing 3d biophysical model to include the fish stocks listed in addition to the phyto and zooplan 
cks listed in addition to the phyto and zooplankton. this model will integrate spatial dynamics 
 will integrate spatial dynamics of the fish stocks over the entire life cycle and their intera 
ario. eco-harvest control rules for the fish stocks will be developed and evaluated.  
14988 2 transport between algal assemblages and seagrass meadows. these three main points will be compl 
f the above-mentioned hypothesis on the seagrass ecosystem functionality. ideally, and apart fr 
14989 2 transport between algal assemblages and seagrass meadows. these three main points will be compl 
f the above-mentioned hypothesis on the seagrass ecosystem functionality. ideally, and apart fr 
7168 2 plexity, both spatially ectomycorrhizal fungi alien not only in terms of biodiversity conservat 
he introduction of non-native symbiotic fungi. however, short- term changes can be observed wit 
13741 1 al aerial photographs. vascular plants, lichens and beetles are quantified in sample plots and  
15302 1                          the freshwater fish fauna of the western mediterranean has clearly ins 
198 2  to the chemical communication of these insects with their external environment will be given m 
nisms of olfactory orientation of these insects will be explained also. some international coop 
6910 1 ation on colonisation rate of aculeata, coleoptera and auchaenorrhynca assemblages. 3. effect o 
10175 2 ne transcription in single filaments of cyanobacteria from laboratory cultures. quantitative pc 
nd the insolation at depths where these cyanobacteria stratify in lakes.  
2068 3 pecies interact for pollination through pollinator attraction and heterospesific pollination. m 
experiment where the composition of the pollinator fauna is altered is conducted to examine if  
 conducted to examine if a shift in the pollinator fauna will have impacts on the plant species 
13818 5 osition of nitrogen regulates growth of phytoplankton in lakes. increased n loading due to atmo 
l differences in nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth in swedish lakes and if such diffe 
, this project aims to test if n limits phytoplankton growth in areas with low n-deposition, if 
oderately enhanced n-deposition, and if phytoplankton growth is p-limited in areas with high n- 
ecies composition and the succession of phytoplankton in swedish lakes. lake sampling and nutri 
13533 1 oduction of several species of salmonid fish. the climate can have direct effects on intake rat 
15397 6 s, such as reproduction or migration in birds. increasing evidence suggests that environmental  
bution, phenology and life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming majority of studies co 
 temporal and spatial scales in several birds in mediterranean ecosystems. our main aims are to 
imate warming on life history traits of birds using long-term data in mediterranean ecosystems. 
mperatures on fecundity and survival of birds: an experimental approach. 3. effects of environm 
ty and differentiation of insectivorous birds living in wetlands and their implications in a cl 
2080 1 ate change may have profound effects on insects that cause widespread tree mortality and have s 
13855 1 anipulate nutrient load only. moreover, macroalgae have a fundamental role as basic habitat for 
10814 1 generation has had such responsibility. coral reefs are the most biologically diverse of marine 
13829 1 , a field experiment on polypore-living insects was done the first year. three manuscripts base 
2005 2 ll detemine changes in the abundance of fungi and bacteria, as well as functional groups within 
e changes in the abundance of fungi and bacteria, as well as functional groups within thes micr 
2095 2 ts cannot be synthesized de novo by the fish, but stem from the natural food of the species. ca 
nd negative effects on the viability of fish eggs and larvae. the main positive effect is likel 
423 2 ies, abundance of the small subtropical fish species increased, while the abundance of the larg 
are not easily linked to changes in the fish community. this is du to the fact that no relation 
7140 1  in maintaining ecological diversity in fish communities of the Gulf of Gascony in the last thr 
14966 3  analysed on the community structure of algae, macroinvertebrates and fish, before and after th 
ed on the community structure of algae, macroinvertebrates and fish, before and after the extre 
ucture of algae, macroinvertebrates and fish, before and after the extreme events of low flow . 
13967 2 ield experiments, focal observations of pollinator behavior and monitoring of pollinator abunda 
f pollinator behavior and monitoring of pollinator abundance. pollination service will be estim 
13849 6  road passes can lead to extinctions of fish populations, while species introductions can cause 
tions can cause extinctions of isolated fish populations and a homogenization of the fish fauna 
populations and a homogenization of the fish fauna at the landscape level. to increase our unde 
ke from the sea, we will use remains of fish scales and zooplankton in lake sediments. effects  
 we will use remains of fish scales and zooplankton in lake sediments. effects of introductions 
mmun including before and after data on fish assemblages, and documentation of dispersal barrie 
540 1 ral overlap between larvae hatching and zooplankton development.  
15184 3  waterbirds are effective dispersers of zooplankton and phytoplankton species, but their signif 
effective dispersers of zooplankton and phytoplankton species, but their significance for aquat 
ies, but their significance for aquatic bacteria and viruses remains unexplored. the general go 
15315 3  waterbirds are effective dispersers of zooplankton and phytoplankton species, but their signif 
effective dispersers of zooplankton and phytoplankton species, but their significance for aquat 
ies, but their significance for aquatic bacteria and viruses remains practically unexplored. th 
15245 4 gmentation and restoration on plant and pollinator communities and on interactions between thes 
dered to be one of the major drivers of pollinator diversity loss, but the processes through wh 
 relation to species persistence. plant-pollinator interactions will also be surveyed to charac 
ndscape change on the topology of plant-pollinator networks.  
13953 1 ss and fragmentation on biodiversity of macrofauna using mussel beds as a model system. habitat 
13830 6 antity for the recruitment potential of fish using coastal nursery grounds. the quality of coas 
irectly from the viability of the adult fish stocks, but requires local investigations of the n 
ed increase in the cover of filamentous macroalgae in the coastal zone over the last decades. d 
ion on how the recruitment potential of fish populations is affected. in this project i will te 
est hypothesis concerning the effect of algae on distribution, growth and survival of juvenile  
bution, growth and survival of juvenile fish in the coastal zone. the effect of juvenile growth 
14741 1 as caused an important proliferation of macrophytes, probably accentuated by the increasing hyd 
11547 2  be re-measured in free-living infected birds to evaluate change in immune function as infectio 
munocompetence will be measured in ~180 birds from each of the four populations using the pha s 
2136 6 rwegian sea harbors some of the largest fish stocks in the world, including norwegian spring sp 
 the interactions between planktivorous fish stocks in general and in the norwegian sea in part 
sive data sets on physics, plankton and fish distribution from collaborating norwegian, russian 
data driven 3d distributions of the key fish stocks and quantify their overlap and interactions 
s of carrying capacity of planktivorous fish and distribution of fish stocks among economic zon 
 planktivorous fish and distribution of fish stocks among economic zones.  
12172 1 pparent benefits at the field scale for birds, by often holding greater diversity and sometimes 
13968 2 ormorants are often accused of reducing fish populations and destroying the vegetation on nesti 
on nesting islands. while the effect on fish populations have received considerable research in 
14184 3 er the physiological functioning of the insects and result in interferences in preparations for 
ticides on the physiology of beneficial insects. minor, externally invisible transformations ca 
 influence of pesticides over important insects development and physiology. the complex equipme 
13739 1 ominated clear-water state to a turbid, phytoplankton dominated state, result in a dramatic red 
11869 1 the photosynthetic picoplankton. marine cyanobacteria of the closely-related genera prochloroco 
11393 1 invertebrate community biodiversity and fish abundance 4. gain a more fundamental understanding 
12045 3 ergence of new plant diseases caused by fungi during the last century, human activity has great 
seases, among which > 30% are caused by fungi on plants. to better assess the risks of emergenc 
portant factors: dispersal processes in fungi, their ability to adapt and the impact of environ 
15161 7 obial population due to the activity of macrophytes. however, fundamental interactions between  
s on nitrogen metabolism. to obtain new bacteria and archaea isolates is one of the major focus 
arities to those obtained from cultured bacteria. this idea points to the extended conviction t 
lyze and compare the impact of emergent macrophytes in the diversity and activity of microorgan 
igher degree of stability to the living bacteria. this diversity has been intensively studied u 
nt and the metabolism of the prevailing bacteria. bacterial communities are key factors in wast 
nhance the comprehension of the role of bacteria in planted systems for wastewater treatment.  
10734 3 possible to collect a wide diversity of invertebrates and other small animals present in soil,  
. these are highly unusual relatives of fungi that are adapted to live inside the cells of a va 
ically important animals such as farmed fish and honeybees. microsporidia have been found in al 
13762 1 backs and declines caused by pathogenic fungi are common in deciduous forests of sweden and eur 
10452 2  related to the breeding success of the birds and that albatrosses of different breeding succes 
particular comparing the performance of birds that failed with those that were successful in re 
14655 1 in the energy storage levels of aquatic insects living under different types and degrees of env 
10995 1 em will be british populations of sweat bees.  
11053 1 em will be british populations of sweat bees.  
11787 1 em will be british populations of sweat bees.  
14922 5 s, such as reproduction or migration in birds. increasing evidence suggests that environmental  
reeding phenology and life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming studies conducted in t 
scale in several small- and large-sized birds in mediterranean ecosystems. our main aims are to 
istory traits of small- and large-sized birds in the iberian peninsula with special emphasis on 
s on survival and dispersion of several birds at several spatial and temporal scales.3. effects 
10462 3                     the ability of some fish to survive in both freshwater and seawater represe 
 and hyper-osmotic challenge in teleost fish. this will be achieved by the screening of micro a 
he control of osmoregulation in teleost fish to be constructed.  
13970 3  major barriers to gene flow in coastal fish species in the baltic sea and to relate the barrie 
istory variability and heterogeneity in fish community structure with barriers to gene flow, an 
for the spatial distribution of coastal fish populations.  
15444 2 l covers different trophic levels, from bacteria to amphibians and/or fish, including field sur 
els, from bacteria to amphibians and/or fish, including field surveys and small experiments, al 
10592 1 nal genes for methanotrophs, rt-pcr and fish. we will test the hypothesis that soluble methane  
11593 3                                tropical coral reefs are among the most important centres of mar 
tion might result in a dramatic loss of coral reefs within this century. increasing stress for  
atures and decreasing ph. the future of coral reefs is strongly dependent on the capability of  
10813 6 kind of pox - were reported from common birds in the uk. while pox is found in many birds, this 
s in the uk. while pox is found in many birds, this usually occurs in low frequency and often w 
 have been found to cause death in wild birds, but otherwise very little is known about how the 
 transmitted and what effects it has on birds. this new form of pox seems to infect tits, in pa 
nderstand the effect of this disease on birds, but also to study the factors determining its sp 
s new disease poses to common uk garden birds, as well as to develop an understanding of the wa 
9875 2 y the largest threat to biodiversity of birds globally and is likely to be a major threat to ot 
nt ecosystem services, including higher pollinator abundance and cleaner waterways. many studie 
2517 2 econ project proposes methane-oxidizing bacteria in the set of habitats and disturbances will b 
gether knowledge on the process and the bacteria, expertise on experimental design and molecula 
2516 3 ogenetic groups of known methylotrophic bacteria, which include proteobacteria and gram-positiv 
nclude proteobacteria and gram-positive bacteria, alternative non-orthologous modules exist for 
lotrophy to biotechnologically relevant bacteria as a new modular platform for methanol-based p 
2041 1 d on biological information on relevant fish stocks, for sustainable and responsible exploitati 
12396 1 from physics through biogeochemistry to fish, it will develop tools that will generate new info 
7242 1  approaches such as biomanipulations of fish communities, such as fight against eutrophication, 
13784 3 on resistant and potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as the tularemia bacterium francisella t 
ence of general predation-resistance in bacteria in the same productivity gradient, by performi 
cal gym for the evolution of pathogenic bacteria.  
10336 3  the indian ocean were not protected by coral reefs. these reefs act as sea defences and can ab 
 information about the condition of the coral reefs before the tsunami waves hit the reefs. we  
ion of global climate change effects on coral reefs e.g bleaching or loss of coral colour / a s 
12444 4 ved sahfos continuous plankton recorder fish larval samples from uk shelf seas from 1948 to the 
tion to environment, plankton and adult fish. evaluate how different species of fish have respo 
fish. evaluate how different species of fish have responded to past environmental changes at th 
s of environmental change on commercial fish stocks. the project will also maximise utilisation 
13807 1 used to predict the extinction risks of lichens given different conservation scenarios. in part 
7415 2 . the decline of many species of common birds found across europe is part of this process. one  
ood supplies during the winter when the birds should cover important energy needs. even though  
1961 2 he non-diapause temperature response of insects is usually described by two parameters, thresho 
rmal time relative to physical time. in insects, there is a large degree of inter-species varia 
13716 2 e dramatic declines of swedish farmland birds, reflecting european trends, have been attributed 
mes to restore biodiversity of farmland birds in sweden  
2537 4 as well as cannibalism and martyrdom in bacteria. these two processes are fascinating strategie 
 of pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria. horizontal gene transfer and incorporation of 
on of dna from other organisms, enables bacteria to sample the entire prokaryotic, archeal and  
ole in bacterial evolution by providing bacteria with a source of genetic variation required fo 
14918 3 e of the richest and endemic freshwater fish fauna, being the family cyprinidae one of the main 
y cyprinidae one of the main freshwater fish group inhabiting these water systems. cyprinids ar 
cal hypothesis. in addition, freshwater fish communities have recently experienced a strong mod 
10383 1                                         ants .  
15158 2 variability reflects adaptation through pollinators, there is increasing evidence that other fa 
out the importance of selection through pollinators as opposed to other factors in the evolutio 
15073 2 o the evolution of one of the groups of insects that fulfils a great number of requirements to  
c relationships in one of the groups of insects with higher speciation rates.  
9803 2 ne cleaning symbiosis, in which cleaner fish inspect client reef fish for parasites, but may ch 
 which cleaner fish inspect client reef fish for parasites, but may cheat by biting client tiss 
10266 3 eration exist: from sterile soldiers in ants that do not reproduce and only work for the colony 
t altruists are usually family members: ants and other social insects for example help their si 
y family members: ants and other social insects for example help their sisters by helping the n 
14776 4 se interactions with the most efficient pollinators, and is expressed both at the microevolutio 
pe by quantifying the selective role of pollinators, and determine the spatial variation in sel 
ios provoked by a concomitant change in pollinator fauna. second, we will explore the effect of 
 will explore the effect of a change in pollinator fauna and the potential for selective diverg 
14488 3 riation of clutch size of insectivorous birds at different scales. this project continues with  
pulation level in several insectivorous birds in a climate change scenario in the mediterranean 
 on the determination of clutch size in birds.  
10178 1 he adaptive significance of melanism in insects. recent research has focussed on the strong cor 
11652 1 he adaptive significance of melanism in insects. recent research has focussed on the strong cor 
13323 2 estrial ecosystems: trees, phytophagous insects and mycorrhizal fungi. the functional role of t 
s, phytophagous insects and mycorrhizal fungi. the functional role of trees as drivers of biodi 
2064 1  of rivers with brown trout as the only fish species. the project will study effects of the int 
10038 3 wild population, using parental care in birds as our model system. parental care in birds is a  
s as our model system. parental care in birds is a good framework for this type of test because 
framework for this type of test because birds provide many of the classic examples in sexual se 
14605 1 he reproductive behaviour of a group of insects with very diversified strategies. the goals are 
10273 2 tivity in a wild population of european birds. several recent studies have demonstrated this ea 
ng the timing of breeding of individual birds we will estimate the rate at which the population 
10528 1  is of particular importance given that insects and therefore the majority of living animal div 
9811 3  individuals using dinoponera queenless ants as a model system. in queenless ants a colony is h 
ss ants as a model system. in queenless ants a colony is headed by a mated worker . conflict be 
 for conflict and policing in queenless ants.  
9868 2 udies of two closely related species of fish by the investigators have revealed evidence for an 
s of experiments on sticklebacks, using fish drawn from multiple natural populations, to assess 
11537 1 ween plant communities and hydrology in fynbos habitat in the cape of south africa will be used 
7531 2 tification of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria legumes. this project also aims to conduct a p 
n of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria legumes. this project also aims to conduct a pilot stud 
7383 1 ght discontinuities in the evolution of fungi  
10454 1 ssociated with archaea and thermophilic bacteria, are considerably more widespread and structur 
11523 1 ssociated with archaea and thermophilic bacteria, are considerably more widespread and structur 
2107 1 bout 10 times of what might be found in phytoplankton dominated waters. resent research have al 
12196 1 uced soil erosion and run-off, enhanced pollinator services and increased resilience of biodive 
7301 2 ite the importance of this scenario for pollinator conservation and the introduction of parasit 
or conservation and the introduction of parasitoids, its relevance has not been assessed. our p 
14646 1 stribution and abundance of terrestrial birds within the framework of biogeographical ecology a 
14201 2 ecies richness, cover or composition of lichens on estonian alvars. we intend to relate the tot 
hness on alvars and species richness of lichens on particular substrate group to size and conne 
13597 1 and diversity at the local scale. since bacteria are key drivers of ecosystem function, it is o 
14624 4 stribution, abundance and production of fish in several reservoirs from the river guadalquivir  
bution, abundance and production of the fish species in eleven reservoirs of different age, cap 
bution, abundance and production of the fish. this analysis will allow to elaborate simple mode 
ill allow to elaborate simple models of fish dynamics in our dammed waters, as well as to test  
14746 4 osystems and, unfortunately, the amazon fish community is not an exception. land erosion has mo 
an exception. land erosion has modified fish habitats and threatens species diversity. the rest 
ever, the mechanisms that maintain high fish diversity in amazonian ecosystem are unknown. ecol 
hat determine community assembly in the fish community of the amazon. we will approach the stud 
10294 3 ne is produced annually by methanogenic bacteria in anaerobic soils and sediments much of which 
arried out by aerobic methane oxidising bacteria. bacteria which grow on methane as sole carbon 
 by aerobic methane oxidising bacteria. bacteria which grow on methane as sole carbon source ha 
10848 2  distribution. many species of deep-sea fish are opportunistic scavengers and show a bigger-dee 
iet of several species of benthopelagic fish to assess the importance of scavenging, seasonalit 
14565 1 phagidae and cryptophagidae families of coleoptera.  
15413 1 ublished regarding this group of marine invertebrates; a third is currently being revised and a 
6882 2 l investigations we shall recollect the macrofauna of the existing sites, we intend to look for 
stigate some boreholes, too. beside the macrofauna we shall investigate also the microfauna fro 
12217 2 bility study into the potential of crop pollinators to act as delivery agents of entomopathogen 
 as delivery agents of entomopathogenic fungi for invertebrate pest control  
2184 1 shwaters with their salmonid fishes and zooplankton prey will be used as case studies. these sy 
13971 6 idly and feeds efficiently on plankton, fish larvae and eggs. a permanent establishment may the 
ase scenario lead to regime shifts from fish to jellyfish dominance. in the black sea, fisherie 
 we will estimate predation pressure on zooplankton and fish larvae. reproductive potential and 
e predation pressure on zooplankton and fish larvae. reproductive potential and survival will b 
 detection and may therefore outcompete fish when light environment changes, for ex. due to eut 
r ex. due to eutrophication. effects on fish by contemporary changes in optical and temperature 
15042 1 b to experimentally test the effects of macroinvertebrates on the establishment and maintenance 
12221 2 he abundance and diversity of weeds and invertebrates using fse-standard methods. the suitabili 
tigate the use of both biomass crops by birds in relation to cropping scale.  
6819 3 ch we will continue our monitoring-type fish parasitological and faunistic studies started earl 
f this work we will collect data on the fish species of lake balaton, the kis-balaton reservoir 
 attention to studying the parasites of fish that will get into lake balaton with the planned w 
2209 1 nning of a suite of applied problems in fish and wildlife management in sweden. it also aims at 
11327 4 nic carbonate production by marine bony fish. these animals ingest sea water and are now known  
n combined with new estimates of global fish biomass, it is clear that it makes a major contrib 
sually high content of magnesium, these fish carbonates are predicted to be more soluble on the 
ng potential of carbonates derived from fish. this would help explain a mystery of ocean chemis 
2201 3  ecosystem effects of introduced exotic fish it can be of advantage to use experiences and data 
ogically similar natural and introduced fish species. this will be done through: i to compile t 
ng in successful establishment of alien fish and their ecological impact find out the role of s 
6974 2 electronic version of the book entitled fish fauna of hungary by ákos harka and zoltán sallai,  
ct would complete the description of 90 fish species, 21 figures, 90 distribution maps and 100  
2200 2  and characterize species, habitats and fish assemblages where non-indigenous fish species have 
d fish assemblages where non-indigenous fish species have established in the drainage area of t 
11677 5                                         fish kills are a common occurrence in shallow, european 
ecies and in some cases a lake s entire fish population. fish have a strong influence on food-w 
 cases a lake s entire fish population. fish have a strong influence on food-webs in shallow la 
ectable post-kill decline in numbers of fish scales. furthermore we will determine the conseque 
effectively lake sediments might record fish kills and other food-web changes in shallow lakes. 
15585 1 h, analysing data and predicting future fish distributions at multiple spatial scales ranging f 
2133 2 orldwide, overfishing depletes numerous fish stocks, threatening fisheries economy, biodiversit 
sitates a thorough understanding of how fish populations respond to the fishing pressure. in th 
12066 1 er understanding of the determinants of fish species likely to lead to different patterns of vu 
1996 5 ration is a widespread phenomenon among birds. rather than being a unitary character, there is  
main scarce, however, as most migratory birds are difficult to follow throughout their annual c 
fitness components spoonbills are large birds that use only a restricted number of breeding and 
success and seasonal survival rates for birds that breed versus winter in different areas, and  
off that spoonbills and other migratory birds make between breeding in temperate and wintering  
2500 2  the annual cycles of many animals. for birds breeding in seasonal environments of the northern 
es movement. life-history strategies in birds are often classified according to such spatiotemp 
15447 2 ers offer nectar as the main reward for pollinators. numerous studies indicate that the nectar  
is independent of the commonest type of pollinator on its flowers .  
15177 1 ry context, if the preferences shown by pollinators and herbivores are likely to affect the mai 
14794 2 bioaccumulation in different species of macrophytes, benthic macroinvertebrates and fishes inha 
fferent species of macrophytes, benthic macroinvertebrates and fishes inhabiting the duraton ri 
11661 1  between 1990 and 2007, only 26% of the birds were identified to species.  
13369 1 o been implemented on wild relatives of legumes in different regions in collaboration with fore 
14828 1 f population regulation for territorial birds. combined under the traditional density-dependent 
9838 4 e than one class of natural enemy. with insects, most terrestrial food webs are highly biased t 
ial food webs are highly biased towards parasitoids while most aquatic food webs are equally bi 
uct a web containing both predators and parasitoids . detailed data on the parasitoids already  
 and parasitoids . detailed data on the parasitoids already exists but, as in other terrestrial 
14836 2 fferent studies have reported that some cyanobacteria communities produce microcystins in medit 
evels near 4 ppb evaluating the role of cyanobacteria biofilms on the ecological stoichiometry  
210 10      general and widespread shortage of pollinator abundance and diversity in agricultural land 
g the species richness and abundance of pollinators in these habitats. the aims of this project 
ersity on community structure of bumble bees will be investigated. 2. to determine the nutritio 
 nutritional value of various crops for bees and to specify their agronomic requirements. for t 
s purpose, the resource partitioning of bees in relation to availability of nectar and pollen i 
r and the physiological state of bumble bees. for this purpose, bumble bee foraging behaviour w 
s exchange cycles and heart activity of bees poisoned by pesticides. these new insights will ai 
egies to protect both wild and domestic pollinators and help develop more effective agri-enviro 
nvironment schemes that aim to conserve pollinators. provision of adequate pollination services 
 of native flora, which in turn benefit pollinator populations.  
9970 2 ical predictions in free-ranging marine fish predators. the proposed research will lest the hyp 
ing from the optimal diet model, that a fish predator has higher search times per prey item con 
11359 2 ical predictions in free-ranging marine fish predators. the proposed research will lest the hyp 
ing from the optimal diet model, that a fish predator has higher search times per prey item con 
13464 1  diverse communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi that contribute to the uptake and transfer of dif 
14972 1 iversity along a stress gradient, using lichens communities. the specific objectives are: 1. to 
13459 1 iciency from basal trophic levels up to zooplankton. the capacity of the lake ecosystems to ret 
13873 12 effects on the interaction of epiphytic lichens, invertebrates and birds. there is a strong cor 
n the interaction of epiphytic lichens, invertebrates and birds. there is a strong correlation  
of epiphytic lichens, invertebrates and birds. there is a strong correlation between abundance  
relation between abundance of epiphytic lichens and abundance of invertebrates in boreal forest 
e of epiphytic lichens and abundance of invertebrates in boreal forests. however, many epiphyti 
boreal forests. however, many epiphytic lichens have declined drastically due to forestry. the  
pattern is found for some non-migratory birds, e.g. tits. my hypothesis is that high invertebra 
ng bird-mediated giving up densities of invertebrates in bird territories located in lichen-ric 
 differences among species of epiphytic lichens, different species probably provide separate ha 
s probably provide separate habitats to invertebrates. in light of that some lichen species hav 
due to forestry, species composition of lichens will be related to species composition of inver 
ll be related to species composition of invertebrates. the proposed research will be especially 
10399 1 ent woodlands. a proportion of whatever insects are living in the woodlands will end up being d 
15383 1  a methodology for co-cultures protozoa-bacteria that improves the isolation of these intracell 
10682 2 batesian mimicry theory with aggressive fish mimics parasitising indo-pacific cleanerfish and t 
sing indo-pacific cleanerfish and their fish clients. using field data, i will test if the succ 
12038 7      predicting diversity of freshwater fish communities: a framework for global changes assess 
 for one of the best known taxa, namely fish, habitat loss, flow modification, industrial pollu 
ter availability and endanger many more fish species in the near future and is thought to repre 
ep for elaborating predictive models of fish biodiversity changes in response to ongoing and fu 
s occurrence for the world’s freshwater fish fauna at the river drainage basin scale and endemi 
e to project future rates of freshwater fish extinction following variations in river drainage  
 chance to counteract actual and future fish species loss by preferentially focusing conservati 
14603 1  poc formation has been associated with phytoplankton biomass growth, neglecting microparticles 
1972 1 t shoot-feeding aphids and root-feeding nematodes. additionally, we will analyse how the natura 
2539 3 to the ground where they are carried by ants into the brood chamber of the nest. here they eith 
ever, lepidochrysops species parasitize ants in the subfamily formicinae, whereas maculinea spe 
ion and management of these specialized insects, their hosts and habitats.  
9872 2 ood will be rapidly digested by aerobic bacteria and fungi. the team believes that the now prec 
apidly digested by aerobic bacteria and fungi. the team believes that the now precariously frag 
14685 2 ehaviour patterns is well documented in birds. however, there are still large gaps in our knowl 
lution of condition-dependent traits in birds, as well as their physiological underlying mechan 
13753 1 ors of human infectious diseases. these insects locate and identify suitable hosts using olfact 
10263 4 s of many marine organisms ranging from bacteria, algae, small animals, whales and even humans  
marine organisms ranging from bacteria, algae, small animals, whales and even humans are influe 
ain diatom-krill-whale is depend on ice algae because they provide food for young krill when ot 
spite the significance of polar sea ice algae virtually nothing is know about their fundamental 
7641 1 e adaptive potential and bioremediation bacteria. this functional characterization allows highl 
11577 1 te-changing process occurs in different bacteria. so, in the not-too-distant future, we, and ot 
14136 5 habitats where the roles of mycorrhizal fungi are substantial. this proposal aims to assess the 
h of plants and functional groups of am fungi. 3.assess biomass production of plants as a funct 
on of different functional groups of am fungi. there is limited data on the functional structur 
il- based and monoxenic culturing of am fungi, real-time pcr and plfa based quantification of a 
pcr and plfa based quantification of am fungi, pyrosequencing for fungal identification, cdna-a 
13939 3        the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi is high even at small spatial scales but the fact 
soil horizon have been demonstrated for fungi colonising root tips and forming mycelia in a pod 
ctions for the large diversity of these fungi in soil. field studies of the realised niche of d 
418 1 dies have measured interactions between soil microorganisms and plant diversity. our purpose is 
1953 1  in lake victoria haplochromine cichlid fish. in a multidisciplinary approach we study the fuii 
12034 2 articular type of root association with fungi: the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. the ectomycorrhiz 
hat the contribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi to the degradation of forest litters have to date 
11079 9 onfined to a narrow range of specialist fungi: basidiomycetes and a few ascomycetes. thus, thes 
etes and a few ascomycetes. thus, these fungi are central to carbon and nutrient cycling, and y 
d attached dead branches. moreover, the fungi that start the process are already latently prese 
tional. when the wood dries, the latent fungi grow throughout the wood as mycelium and begin th 
d begin the decay process. later, other fungi, arriving as spores, fight with those already pre 
wood by pre-colonising wood slices with fungi that are primary colonizers of attached beech bra 
ertain species effectively select which fungi follow them, by leaving colonized slices on the f 
y how antagonistic interactions between fungi affect decay rate. when fungi interact, the outco 
s between fungi affect decay rate. when fungi interact, the outcome can be deadlock in which ne 
10832 10  invertebrate herbivores and pathogenic fungi, by the production of chemicals, active against t 
baceous plants, the number of endophyte fungi may be ten times that found in a grass or a tree. 
ar in the laboratory. remarkably, these fungi have escaped attention by ecologists. do they exi 
by reducing the growth of the symbiotic fungi. finally, when we have discovered the factors tha 
m to those in uninfected plants and the fungi themselves. why is this work important because it 
emicals in plants are produced by these fungi, rather than the plants themselves, this could ha 
 control agents. we could inoculate the fungi into crop plants and so protect the plant from th 
d s worst weeds and all attempts to use insects or pathogenic fungi as biological control agent 
l attempts to use insects or pathogenic fungi as biological control agents of it have failed. w 
how that they protect the plant against insects, then in weeds, we can start to manipulate fung 
7293 1  are colonized by invisible microscopic fungi that create no symptoms, called endophytes. folia 
10187 8 ant are inhabited by a special class of fungi, endophytic fungi, that show limited development  
by a special class of fungi, endophytic fungi, that show limited development in the leaves and  
d cause no visible symptoms. endophylic fungi do not colonise the leaf or reproduce until the l 
here are a huge diversity of endophytic fungi we know very little about what they do or how the 
owever it has been suggested that these fungi may play a role in protecting the plant against p 
 protecting the plant against parasitic fungi that destroy the leaves. we aim to test this hypo 
 comparing the damage done by parasitic fungi when they attack scots pine needles that either c 
hods for genetically fingerprinting the fungi. this will allow us to recognise different indivi 
7437 1 nce of the habitat to the dispersion of pollinators. assistance requested focuses on the recrui 
11240 2 urce for a variety of animals including fish, sea birds and aquatic mammals. they migrate in a  
 variety of animals including fish, sea birds and aquatic mammals. they migrate in a predictabl 
11497 2 urce for a variety of animals including fish, sea birds and aquatic mammals. they migrate in a  
 variety of animals including fish, sea birds and aquatic mammals. they migrate in a predictabl 
15238 1 the aim of predicting whether migratory birds will be able to track the rapid environmental cha 
7547 3 last 10 years, studies of environmental bacteria were performed without knowing the identity of 
rformed without knowing the identity of bacteria. they have, however, shown the key role occupi 
anisms in the genetic diversity of wild bacteria, and their links with their environment. this  
11015 1 uals that grow and divide by feeding on bacteria. upon starvation, however, up to 100,000 amoeb 
9991 1 uals that grow and divide by feeding on bacteria. upon starvation, however, up to 100,000 amoeb 
11209 1 anogaster to changes in temperature and parasitoid attack will be studied using whole-genome an 
10766 1 as been found that a species of mexican fish with extreme differences in male and female morpho 
14219 1 ic salmon populations with captive-bred fish is a common practice in the baltic sea for both co 
10198 1     it is estimated that picoplanktonic cyanobacteria contribute between 5 and 80% to the total 
2111 2 essment. the replacement of traditional fish feed with ge feed and the development of new gener 
alter the present production systems of fish feed , wild fisheries and finally the market. the  
10948 1 comparatively well-studied taxa such as birds. in this project, we aim to develop a statistical 
11539 1 eration, the rearing of brood by social insects. adult workers would benefit by preferentially  
12433 1 stock movements collected under ongoing fish tagging programmes, and will provide a valuable li 
13525 2  important species. the degree to which fish genetic resources are depleted is unknown, however 
omoting sustainable management of these fish resources  
13580 3 cesses. by comparing the communities of arthropods and pathogens on gm and un-modified poplars  
traits support a different community of arthropods and pathogens than un-modified poplars. furt 
l affect decomposition processes, macro-invertebrates in aquatic systems, biotic interactions a 
11137 4 causing a form to diverge. one group of birds, called white-eyes, are very successful at coloni 
c region, there are many forms of these birds and because there have often been multiple invasi 
nsible for the diversification of these birds. other processes may also contribute to diversifi 
fluence patterns of diversification. in birds, song is crucial in determining the formation of  
1995 1  genetic basis of adaptation in nasonia parasitoid wasps. there exist three closely related nas 
14547 1 gmented habitats in europe. steppe-land birds living in steppes and pseudosteppes are a basic l 
2552 4 is produced in several groups of marine phytoplankton. dmsp appears to act both as an osmolyte  
ocessing, sensing and uptake of dmsp in phytoplankton are unknown. here, we propose to use func 
quences of three ecologically important phytoplankton species: the diatom t. pseudonana, the ha 
p and dms in three important classes of phytoplankton. implementation of this knowledge into su 
10761 5 species of invertebrate carry inherited bacteria-bacteria that live inside cells and transmit f 
f invertebrate carry inherited bacteria-bacteria that live inside cells and transmit from a fem 
 through her egg, to her progeny. these bacteria have emerged as very important components of t 
 filarial worms require their wolbachia bacteria, leading to a recognition and filarial disease 
 wolbachia may give us clues to how the bacteria kills its host. this has both practical and in 
10532 1                                  marine bacteria are probably the most abundant group of organi 
11200 3  the dna will be obtained directly from bacteria in soils at the unique rothamsted broadbalk ex 
important biogeochemical cycle, even in bacteria that cannot be cultured. we will also determin 
tal differences on biodiversity of soil bacteria, at the levels of the genes, the processes, th 
2027 9  compare it across related species. the parasitoid-host interaction is particularly suitable fo 
 studying rapid evolutionary responses. parasitoids are insects whose larvae kill other insects 
evolutionary responses. parasitoids are insects whose larvae kill other insects while developin 
ids are insects whose larvae kill other insects while developing on their bodies. they are impo 
ne defences to encapsulate and kill the parasitoid eggs. natural populations of drosophila diff 
ffer genetically in their resistance to parasitoids. this can be exploited to find crucial info 
laboratory one can select for increased parasitoid resistance. in this research, i will investi 
ariation enabled the rapid acquiring of parasitoid resistance during artificial selection. fina 
fy the conserved functional elements in parasitoid resistance among the 12 sequenced drosophila 
15478 1 lities by an otherwise diverse group of bacteria, with implications not only on rhizobiology bu 
7298 2                                         fynbos project aims to characterize viral diversity pre 
ersity present in a wild ecosystem, the fynbos of cap1, and within the bordering agrosystems. g 
14524 3 ing abundance distribution of wintering birds in farmlands of northern spain, a habitat formed  
s well as for many local populations of birds breeding in the surrounding tree plantations and  
ying capacity of the area for wintering birds, which is of interest to improve management strat 
10644 2 undreds of millions of people depend on coral reefs for their livelihood and source of food. al 
ich, through a mutualism with symbiotic algae, are able to deposit a coral skeleton. unfortunat 
10424 1 distribution and biology of the world s birds to perform the first statistically rigorous study 
10665 1 distribution and biology of the world s birds to perform the first statistically rigorous study 
10683 1 distribution and biology of the world s birds to perform the first statistically rigorous study 
9899 1 distribution and biology of the world s birds to perform the first statistically rigorous study 
7212 2 ty and function of three main groups of invertebrates: worms, termites and beetle larvae scarab 
ild a database on the diversity of soil macrofauna in madagascar and conserve species described 
452 2  the functions of three major groups of invertebrates: earthworms, termites and coléoptères sca 
of three major groups of invertebrates: earthworms, termites and coléoptères scarabeoidea larva 
15171 3 lap between the information provided by birds and butterflies on the effects of global change o 
sess large scale monitoring projects on birds and butterflies. this project will firstly addres 
tial and temporal diversity patterns of birds and butterflies in a mediterranean region .  
13802 4 ate changes. in order to understand how birds respond to these changes we need to understand ho 
ifferent reproductive variables in wild birds. the major stepping-stone from environmental vari 
ns are. in the long run this means that birds breeding at northern latitudes will breed at less 
he further global warming goes - unless birds rapidly adapt to the new environmental conditions 
2075 3 introduced by: 1. dna transformation of bacteria, 2. by microinjection of engineered expression 
o oocytes, 3. by letting filter-feeding zooplankton and mussels feed on genetically engineered  
eered dna constructs, and 4. by letting zooplankton and mussels feed on powders/particles made  
13889 3 2th international conference on harmful algae. the meeting is organized by a swedish-danish col 
rnational scientific society on harmful algae, and will be held september 4-8, 2006, in copenha 
the international conference on harmful algae is held every other year and is the biggest and m 
12157 4 g the densities of seed-eating farmland birds in pastoral-dominated landscapes. ryegrass can pr 
i-environment measure aimed at farmland birds on livestock farms. however, it is unclear how se 
o assess the attractiveness to foraging birds of 0.5ha blocks of ryegrass allowed to set seed a 
seed in the winter diets of granivorous birds will be assessed through the microscopic examinat 
2504 3 ling in a fjord area providing enhanced phytoplankton concentration and production. in this pro 
oject we hypothesize that this enhanced phytoplankton production can efficiently be exploited t 
to the specific environment of enhanced phytoplankton production from forced upwelling. by impl 
1932 3  specifically we assume that especially parasitoids or predators are susceptible to habitat fra 
o their hosts leading to the absence of parasitoids in fragmented populations and a greater ext 
ore tyria jacobaeae and the specialized parasitoid cotesia popularis. for this tritrophic syste 
11365 1 ructed for bracken herbivores and their parasitoids over a 3-year period in patches representin 
9955 3 cs are provided in great abundance. the birds breed less successfully at high density because o 
ns of the characteristics of individual birds, to test how this affects the quality of the site 
a few young between pairs of nests: the birds that are reared in reduced broods grow better and 
13602 1 tant ecosystem function provided by the insects. we will compare the community reassembly patte 
2175 1 tions to restore destroyed habitats and fish nursery areas, including barren ground areas and i 
10483 4  surface and recordings will be made of fish, deep-sea shrimps and any other animals attracted  
st living images of the world s deepest fish abyssobrotula galatheae thought to occur down to 8 
l eels which have been filmed consuming fish and marine mammal carcasses at depths down to 5900 
h information from shallower depths. if fish thrive down to 6000m with a constant cut-off at th 
12379 4                                         phytoplankton is the collective name given to the micro 
er certain conditions, the abundance of phytoplankton as a whole or of one or more species in p 
des'. blooms of some 300 species of the phytoplankton are known as harmful algal bloom use the  
ll be examined in detail using selected phytoplankton data sets from uk, irish and norwegian wa 
13598 1                                         phytoplankton production is dynamic and the occurrence  
2152 6 n the industry. estimated growth in the fish farming industry is supposed to cause a permanent  
hic levels, comprised by populations of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish. a fishery on plankton 
ulations of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish. a fishery on plankton should not be developed wit 
n general and on commercially harvested fish stocks in particular. the overall goal of harvest  
ndance estimates, assess keys stocks of zooplankton and quantify ecological consequences of har 
equirement for commercial planktivorous fish stocks. the results will be disseminated as advice 
2528 6 n the industry. estimated growth in the fish farming industry is supposed to cause a permanent  
hic levels, comprised by populations of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish. a fishery on plankton 
ulations of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish. a fishery on plankton should not be developed wit 
n general and on commercially harvested fish stocks in particular. the overall goal is to impro 
bundance estimates and assess stocks of zooplankton to enable quantification of ecological cons 
equirement for commercial planktivorous fish stocks. the results will be disseminated as advice 
14679 2 e of the photosynthetic activity of the algae, and they are also responsible of the greatest pa 
, currently the knowledge regarding the algae community of the tinto river and their role in th 
14777 1 ngoing studies on the helminthfaunas of birds and mammals in the canary islands back in 1998. t 
7217 2 for decision makers and users. however, seagrass meadows are poorly studied ecosystems on these 
quantify the impact of human impacts on seagrass. the expected products are also advanced in te 
7434 2 d functional biodiversity of freshwater fish and provide innovative solutions for managers in a 
of heritage and functional diversity of fish communities, in order to provide assistance to man 
2125 5 erate and arctic europe, are covered by lichens, the lichen-mineral interface has been especial 
gal kingdom; it is a small ecosystem of bacteria, fungi , and algae. however, little is known a 
m; it is a small ecosystem of bacteria, fungi , and algae. however, little is known about the e 
mall ecosystem of bacteria, fungi , and algae. however, little is known about the entire biolog 
ochemical processes, the mini-ecosystem lichens, the ecology of microbes, for our global geneti 
11168 1 bonate deposits targetted are formed by algae and host very diverse communities of associated o 
15004 1  project, all the ecological studies of parasitoid fauna associated to aphids and psyllids, as  
11640 2 ty of plumage and bill-shapes. hawaiian birds are an ideal set of species with which to study e 
 because a large proportion of hawaiian birds are known to have gone extinct, and detailed hist 
2135 4 f great importance to arctic freshwater fish by influencing gonad development and individual gr 
ubsequent year class strength. by using fish otolith-derived water temperature inferences based 
ife history traits in arctic freshwater fish communities. increased temperatures and changes in 
 profoundly would affect the ecology of fish. the objective of this proposal is to examine the  
10234 1 on earth are dominated by plant-feeding insects and the insect predators that feed on them. man 
10433 1 on earth are dominated by plant-feeding insects and the insect predators that feed on them. man 
10703 4 ing the plasmid slows the growth of the bacteria. in nature carrying the plasmid allows bacteri 
. in nature carrying the plasmid allows bacteria to survive in otherwise toxic mercury contamin 
on times, and large population sizes of bacteria to observe evolution in action. we will discov 
s that occur in the genomes of both the bacteria and the plasmid as they co-evolve on a continu 
11428 4 ing the plasmid slows the growth of the bacteria. in nature carrying the plasmid allows bacteri 
. in nature carrying the plasmid allows bacteria to survive in otherwise toxic mercury contamin 
on times, and large population sizes of bacteria to observe evolution in action. we will discov 
s that occur in the genomes of both the bacteria and the plasmid as they co-evolve on a continu 
10018 3 box population means that most breeding birds are individually ringed as chicks so we can track 
an malaria infection between classes of birds with different dispersal, both residents and immi 
iment to manipulate dispersal by moving birds between woodlands. 3. finally, we will employ a m 
10290 3 box population means that most breeding birds are individually ringed as chicks so we can track 
an malaria infection between classes of birds with different dispersal, both residents and immi 
iment to manipulate dispersal by moving birds between woodlands. 3. finally, we will employ a m 
9874 4                           shallow water coral reefs are among the most important centres of mar 
tion might result in a dramatic loss of coral reefs within this century. the future of coral re 
eefs within this century. the future of coral reefs is strongly dependent on strategies that en 
erature stress as an eminent threat for coral reefs. moreover, examination of the effect of thi 
14182 1 h costs of identification. of microbes, fungi play a key role in decomposition interactions inv 
11588 1 een hosts and parasites in leaf-cutting ants infected by a virulent fungal pathogen and/or an a 
196 1 ypocreaceae that grow on fruitbodies of fungi. this group provides an exceptionally good opport 
13490 1 uatic ecosystems typically outnumbering bacteria by a factor of 10. their numbers and ubiquity  
13922 4 ow competition hierarchies among boreal ants are regulated by disturbance due to fire and fores 
quent changes in resource availability. ants are ecologically very important in terrestrial eco 
owever their effectiveness for epigaeic invertebrates remains untested. changes in spatial and  
ow competition hierarchies among boreal ants are regulated by disturbances due to forestry and  
11132 5 gnificant distances and are detected by parasitoid wasps that use them to locate and parasitise 
y cases, it has been shown that certain parasitoids respond only to particular semiochemicals a 
eraction among plant shoots, aphids and parasitoids is relatively well understood. however, the 
hemicals between plants via mycorrhizal fungi. these fungi heavily colonise the roots of virtua 
een plants via mycorrhizal fungi. these fungi heavily colonise the roots of virtually all land  
9876 1 ts generated around and above submerged macrophytes and canopies. fluvial flow has traditionall 
12255 1 al microbial populations and arbuscular fungi following conversion of set-aside to cropping, on 
13797 3 levels, and many commercially important fish species rely on copepods as food. previous studies 
fect the role of copepods as grazers on phytoplankton 3 do copepods exhibit any behavioural res 
nities and facilitate the prediction of fish production in a future with changing climatic cond 
10911 1 alphaproteobacteria and prochlorococcus cyanobacteria numerically dominate the open ocean becau 
10980 1 alphaproteobacteria and prochlorococcus cyanobacteria numerically dominate the open ocean becau 
11401 9 key trophic interaction is that between ants and termites. both groups make up a large proporti 
nts of dead leaves, wood and even soil. ants also move soil around, and also consume a wide var 
nts. since a majority of the species of ants are at least partly predatory, and termites are a  
ritious, it has often been assumed that ants eat a lot of termites. however, this has only been 
ecies, as much predation of termites by ants takes place underground. we propose to quantify th 
ose to quantify the interaction between ants and termites not by direct observation of predatio 
termite genetic material in the guts of ants. we already have collections of ants and termites  
of ants. we already have collections of ants and termites from soil cores taken in rain forest  
l food web for the different species of ants and termites, and will allow us to make prediction 
10970 3 dscape within which honeybees and other insects now operate. in areas where varroa is now well  
, worryingly, have been found in native bees, wasps and bumblebees in several countries, theref 
ral data from honeybee colonies, native bees and wasps before the spread of varroa will allow u 
2102 4 med the natural and unmanageable object fish into a complex cyborg fish which can be managed. t 
eable object fish into a complex cyborg fish which can be managed. the project will describe th 
lex network is built around this cyborg fish that is produced and all the translations that tak 
cribe the transformations of the cyborg fish that follows of all the disputes, controversies, a 
10488 1 nown about recently extinct mammals and birds from other islands elsewhere across the world, to 
11081 4                            introduction coral reefs are regarded as the most species rich ecosy 
lt transects to assess the diversity of fish communities. quadrats will be used to survey megaf 
drats will be used to survey megafaunal invertebrates. dead coral heads will be collected, as w 
ortance in monitoring and management of coral reefs. the project will contribute new informatio 
2130 1 he population of origin of the parental fish engaged in hybridization. results from the molecul 
2092 4 analysing the settlement pattern of the birds in time and space, and by experiment al removal o 
nd by experiment al removal of dominant birds. we will also analyse the fitness consequences fo 
so analyse the fitness consequences for birds engaging in heterospecific pairings. the results  
tion, and to conservation of endangered birds.  
10441 1  ensure the availability of refugia for macroinvertebrates during floods. there has been no sys 
14563 1 ing about the seven iberian families of apoidea . in this project, the provisional catalogue, t 
7047 2 ical control agents of plant pathogenic fungi, but they also pose a serious threat to cultivate 
 wood, other plant material and various fungi. in a previous project hypocrea was collected in  
14994 1 included in the red lists of endangered invertebrates. same other species have special interes  
14984 1 wing the studies on the biodiversity of lichens from the iberian peninsula and the balearic isl 
14986 1 ows the research on the biodiversity of lichens from the iberian peninsula. the more important  
1985 4 on since they are thought to cause mass fish mortalities in temperate and cold temperate region 
e future chance for f. japonica related fish mortalities in dutch coastal waters. there is pres 
sts or the production of brevetoxins on fish behaviour and mortality, at the same time allowing 
ize and composition of a relevant dutch fish species.  
15480 3 servoir of a huge number of microscopic fungi including the hyphomycetes. these moulds are the  
h as the asco- and basidiomycetes. most fungi of biotechnological interest, or important plant  
or the knowledge of the nature of these fungi, that is the delineations of its species, the est 
10102 1 nce these genes from a number of marine bacteria. this will provide a database of sequences whi 
15103 2 sitions between clear water phases with macrophytes, and turbid phases with phytoplankton were  
ith macrophytes, and turbid phases with phytoplankton were reported . this dynamics contrasts w 
12406 1 lating key details on collision risk to birds from offshore wind installations, 2 id range of e 
10502 1 ypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment a 
10244 1 ypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment a 
10246 1 ypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment a 
10742 1 ypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment a 
11220 1 ypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment a 
14957 1  of this worldwide distributed group of insects.  
11840 2 warm-blooded animals such as species of birds and mammals often have larger body size in the co 
they will respond. food animals such as fish are cold-blooded and our work will be directly rel 
10490 4 fspring to their fate, most mammals and birds, and even some invertebrates invest time and reso 
, most mammals and birds, and even some invertebrates invest time and resources into feeding an 
ones in a variety of animal species. in insects, these hormones have opposite effects: increasi 
eas using burying beetles because these insects are almost unique in that both parents prepare  
11543 4 fspring to their fate, most mammals and birds, and even some invertebrates invest time and reso 
, most mammals and birds, and even some invertebrates invest time and resources into feeding an 
ones in a variety of animal species. in insects, these hormones have opposite effects: increasi 
eas using burying beetles because these insects are almost unique in that both parents prepare  
14196 1 up for another, normally quite harmless bacteria or virus even in vaccinated individuals. in th 
15343 6 ut the sublethal effects of pb on these birds, and their consequences at a population level. le 
elated with colour and ornamentation in birds, we hypothesize that the pb-related alteration of 
 that will relate the responses in wild birds animals, and that will deal with the following sp 
 assess the immunotoxic effect of pb on birds based on the analysis of the constitutive and ind 
on body condition and parasite loads in birds and its relationship with immune status. 3. to an 
 on inmune response and reproduction in birds and to evaluate the use of carotenoids as biomark 
13733 1                         although marine invertebrates are exposed to increasing amount of chemi 
7634 1 al plants form root symbiosis with soil fungi that can access difficult access resources direct 
10567 2  us how much fecal pellet production by zooplankton is exported to depth through the process of 
e surface layers and be recycled. where zooplankton perform satiation sinking however, the amou 
13890 3 vascular plants, ground and soil living invertebrates. also soil temperature and soil respirati 
dies on biodiversity of plants, mosses, lichens, tree and ground living invertebrates, biochemi 
mosses, lichens, tree and ground living invertebrates, biochemical soil processes and microclim 
147 5 iance contributing to the sharpening of phytoplankton light limitation and to the reduction of  
. higher concentration of dom may favor bacteria while the lower phytoplankton production in do 
 dom may favor bacteria while the lower phytoplankton production in dom-rich years can reduce b 
terial biomass if they are dependant on phytoplankton exudates and degradation products. two es 
ange on the ecosystems. monthly data on phytoplankton from l. võrtsjärv start from the year 196 
6961 1 ould promote the northward expansion of insects. main subjects of the studies are: distribution 
2149 2 n, groups of tagged, previously exposed fish will be released into a river system after the com 
will be evaluated from capture rates in fish traps downstream. in combining physiological, beha 
1933 2 pathogen, a herbivorous insect, and its parasitoid. we hypothesize that pathogen and parasitoid 
itoid. we hypothesize that pathogen and parasitoid in the model system are more sensitive to fr 
13592 4                          the decline of fish species eg. pike or an indirect effect leading to  
eprodction success and lipid content of fish exposed to cyanobacteria. the results will contrib 
ss and lipid content of fish exposed to cyanobacteria. the results will contribute to predict t 
act of cyanobacterial blooms on coastal fish populations.  
14183 4 g tritrophic crop plant - insect pest - parasitoid interactions with the aim of finding innovat 
nd the seed weevil and their respective parasitoids, how and whether fertilizers have impact on 
ave influence on target pests and their parasitoids, how they interact with cropping systems an 
ut behaviour and species composition of parasitoids, and publications of results in internation 
14983 1 cosystems are also strategic places for birds migration through the european continent. the imp 
10940 1 sly, we have shown that ectomycorrhizal fungi can excrete large amounts of low molecular weight 
10004 1                                         earthworms excrete tiny calcium carbonate granules . on 
11818 1         production of organic carbon by phytoplankton in the surface ocean, followed by transpo 
13526 10 rol and top-down grazing control govern phytoplankton development. however, while previous stud 
hile previous studies have investigated cyanobacteria-grazer interactions in the baltic sea, no 
 so far considered the possibility that zooplankton food selectivity may play a central role fo 
 is to study the ability of herbivorous zooplankton and mysid shrimps to induce and sustain tox 
d new light on the relationship between zooplankton and toxic phytoplankton blooms, and they wi 
ationship between zooplankton and toxic phytoplankton blooms, and they will broaden our underst 
will broaden our understanding of toxic cyanobacteria bloom dynamics and importance of the cyan 
ia bloom dynamics and importance of the cyanobacteria for zooplankton production. the current s 
and importance of the cyanobacteria for zooplankton production. the current study is one step o 
s a unified framework for understanding cyanobacteria role in the contemporary baltic sea.  
11270 2  together data on developmental rate of fish larvae, population genetics, ocean circulation and 
increases in temperature in the area on fish recruitment as a component of climate change. such 
7420 1  and suggest farming practices safer to bees  
12571 2 ies and regulate the abundance of adult fish that return to spawn. this information is required 
 stakeholders on the status of salmonid fish stocks in england and wales. it will also used to  
7429 1 y across the grain farm. . - other soil insects and overhead involved in functional biodiversit 
2054 3 ystem change. mobile organisms, such as birds, would most likely respond to habitat quality at  
y immobile organisms such as snails and earthworms are used as indicators of fragmentation effe 
 sampling is used to measure density of birds, whereas soil and litter samples are used to samp 
14023 1 nowledge on how the life cycle of toxic algae is regulated allows both predicting and controlli 
10084 3                                    many legumes form a symbiosis with soil bacteria, which are  
many legumes form a symbiosis with soil bacteria, which are housed in special organs called nod 
om the roots. within these nodules, the bacteria take strains. by working with brazilian scient 
11249 3                                    many legumes form a symbiosis with soil bacteria, which are  
many legumes form a symbiosis with soil bacteria, which are housed in special organs called nod 
om the roots. within these nodules, the bacteria take strains. by working with brazilian scient 
1090 4 mycorrhizal associations with symbiotic fungi. many species still exhibit strong trophic depend 
 strong trophic dependency on symbiotic fungi in the adult stage. special focus will be on: a t 
 association with mycorrhizal symbiotic fungi; f the assessment of possible interactions betwee 
mmunity, mediated by shared mycorrhizal fungi. adult plants and seeds of woodland . the analyse 
15049 3 redirect its activity toward non-target insects. to prove our hypothesis we will use three inse 
portant impact on biological control of insects because they will represent a powerful tool to  
t active toxins for a wide selection of insects.  
12035 2 n rates. below a porosity threshold the invertebrates and the fungi cannot access to the leaves 
ity threshold the invertebrates and the fungi cannot access to the leaves buried in the sedimen 
10982 2  suitability of the infected plants for insects. we will investigate which of these effects is  
low-rattle present and find out whether insects avoid feeding on infected plants.  
2134 1  provide the means to assign individual fish to country, region and possibly river of origin. u 
10151 1 ilability of naturally occurring forage fish.  
11419 1 ilability of naturally occurring forage fish.  
11771 1 ilability of naturally occurring forage fish.  
10521 1 the regulation of population density in birds and mammals have focussed on studies where recrui 
11010 1 the regulation of population density in birds and mammals have focussed on studies where recrui 
10360 10 ividuals within populations of salmonid fish will all differ, albeit slightly, in the way that  
 competitive ability. as a result, some fish will be better at acquiring food resources than ot 
iring food resources than others. these fish will consequentially grow faster and this will go  
logical characteristics among groups of fish what makes the competitive ability of some fish be 
t makes the competitive ability of some fish better than others do environmental factors within 
 are laid affect competitive ability of fish later in life does the amount of stress experience 
mount of stress experienced by a female fish before spawning influence the level of variation i 
s in the stream environment while young fish are developing, such as increases in temperature,  
ysiological characteristics in salmonid fish is of crucial conservational importance. protectin 
ional importance. protecting our native fish populations is dependent upon a scientific underst 
1967 1 . consumer densities can fluctuate, and bacteria, plants and animals can respond to the presenc 
15338 1 ical diversity. by using aerial-nesting bees and wasps as suppliers of resources, will be done, 
13577 6  hydrography. such changes may decrease phytoplankton primary productivity due to poorer light  
t of doc and decreased competition from phytoplankton for inorganic nutrients. the aim of this  
uctivity at higher trophic levels, e.g. fish. experiments are planned to study the spatial and  
xperiments will comprise organisms from phytoplankton-bacteria to fish. the results of field st 
l comprise organisms from phytoplankton-bacteria to fish. the results of field studies and expe 
rganisms from phytoplankton-bacteria to fish. the results of field studies and experiments will 
514 1 socio-economical characteristics of the fish farms in order to increase the value of the role o 
191 1 which scale the measured variability in phytoplankton biomass and species composition can be co 
15047 6                                         cyanobacteria are oxygenic phototrophic bacteria that o 
cyanobacteria are oxygenic phototrophic bacteria that on a microscale level play the same role  
toxic effect on the ecosystems in which cyanobacteria are dominant. such is the case with micro 
e difficult to determine the biomass of cyanobacteria on a micrometric level without altering t 
 analyse the physiological state of the cyanobacteria. from the results obtained from the prese 
ate determination of the role played by cyanobacteria, and especially microcoleus sp. in contam 
15437 3                              saproxylic insects make up the highest percentage of the forest bi 
 two more abundant groups of saproxylic insects, diptera and coleoptera, in which the researche 
oups of saproxylic insects, diptera and coleoptera, in which the researchers of the group have  
224 2 nutrient dynamics of coastal ecosystem. macroalgae and phytoplankton compete for nutrients in t 
cs of coastal ecosystem. macroalgae and phytoplankton compete for nutrients in the coastal zone 
14138 1 of spatial distribution of large-thalli macroalgae regimes, which in turn influence benthic hab 
11631 3 rbon cycle. the external mycelium of em fungi is of particular importance not just in terms of  
portance of the interactions between em fungi and other groups of abundant soil organisms for c 
 three numerically dominant forest soil invertebrates, disrupt c flux to em fungal mycelium.  
10962 1 srrna will identify functional keystone bacteria and aid model construction of the role of micr 
15470 3                                    when bacteria face adverse environmental situations, they ad 
, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella spp. bacteria that are in the vbnc state are live cells that 
tions become favourable, transforms the bacteria adopting this phenotype in a potential risk fo 
13500 3 c form can cause high mortality in wild birds. raptors may be at risk, particularly those that  
h the aiv found in ducks and other prey birds. we will screen and identify the virus-host cell  
o identify difference between groups of birds at risk of acquiring aiv infections. presence of  
11194 3 ts , but the interactions between these fungi and insects in natural communities are entirely u 
he interactions between these fungi and insects in natural communities are entirely unknown. th 
e manipulated. the role of phytophagous insects is emphasised, by studying insect effects on fu 
12554 17                                  insect pollinators initiative insects including honeybees, bum 
          insect pollinators initiative insects including honeybees, bumblebees, butterflies an 
 plants. having a healthy population of pollinators is also essential to maintain biodiversity  
sity in natural ecosystems. pollinating insects are vulnerable to pests, diseases and environme 
 ten years. the steady decline of these insects over recent years raises significant concern ab 
 to reach 9 billion by 2050. the insect pollinators initiative is a fund of up to £10m that sup 
s and consequences of threats to insect pollinators and to inform the development of appropriat 
nd approaches to reverse the decline in pollinator insects. researchers funded under the initia 
es to reverse the decline in pollinator insects. researchers funded under the initiative will e 
rganisations with an interest in insect pollinators to ensure a strong network to apply the out 
ctor causing the problem. the causes of pollinator declines are likely to be complex and involv 
omplex and involve interactions between pollinators, the environment and the pests and diseases 
he pests and diseases that affect these insects. because of the vital role pollinating insects  
. because of the vital role pollinating insects play – insects pollinate at least one third of  
e vital role pollinating insects play – insects pollinate at least one third of the range of ag 
some factors may affect all pollinating insects, others only one or two species and it will be  
ng, alongside existing expertise in the pollinator research community.  
2530 1 ared to shallow-water reefs, cold-water coral reefs and communities have received political and 
7214 1 tial of crop soils; - identification of bacteria in the rhizosphere pgpr having an effect on cu 
14444 4                                         legumes are major crop plants for the benefit of human  
nd vegetable oil. a key contribution of legumes to sustainable agriculture and nitrogen cycle i 
rgans, root nodules, in which rhizobial bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen. over the past de 
trogen. over the past decade, two model legumes, l. japonicus and m. truncatula, have been prop 
7616 1 round"an innovative operation reed beds phragmites australis in restoration and uses the stable 
403 8  analyse to what extent integrated rice-fish farming could provide a sustainable alternative to 
ying hypothesis is that integrated rice-fish farming provide a competitive alternative to rice  
nd decreases the yield of both rice and fish by disrupting the ecological balance of an integra 
s, are therefore necessary to make rice-fish farming a competitive alternative to rice monocrop 
r* use of pesticides in integrated rice-fish farming. as a first step a preliminary environment 
the most common pesticides used in rice-fish farming will be made. through interviews and field 
arming practices among 80 rice and rice fish-farmers with and without ipm methods in takeo prov 
 measured as decreased biodiversity and fish yield in the rice field ecosystem.  
13810 6 able recreational fisheries use of lake fish and ecosystem functions. the management methods ar 
stock composition and biodiversity, and fish stocking for restoration of threatened species, fo 
project includes investigations of both fish and fishers' behaviour, aiming to enhance the inte 
effects of catch and release can affect fish foraging and growth, and thereby the fish stock an 
sh foraging and growth, and thereby the fish stock and trophic effects in lakes. eel stocking f 
re combine biological investigations on fish individuals and populations with observational and 
12542 2 d 1.5 million species in the biosphere, fungi represent one of the most diverse eukaryotic line 
f the most diverse eukaryotic lineages. fungi are found in almost all ecosystems and are spread 
15304 2 ms in representative species of aquatic coleoptera families typical of inland saline waters: dy 
ydraenidae and hydrophilidae. are these insects osmoregulators or osmoconformers 2. to determin 
13452 1                                farmland birds have been declining rapidly during the last 30 ye 
10649 1 se. at the microscopic scale in a soil, bacteria and their food source or oxygen supply, for ex 
15200 1 yze diversity patterns of mediterranean insects in particular analyzing inter - relationships b 
7209 1 expected results we propose to take the nematodes as a unique model for biological research int 
15051 4 bution, abundance and body condition of birds wintering in the iberian peninsula. this interact 
he environment on the winter biology of birds, considering the energy budget of birds and terri 
birds, considering the energy budget of birds and territory occupancy. the model organisms are  
 frugivorous and insectivorous woodland birds.  
10105 1          the majority of marine benthic invertebrates have a complex life cycle with a plankton 
13800 1 y of biological control of phytophagous insects on willows by means of mycorrhizal inoculation. 
14852 2 ue type of prokaryote within the domain bacteria. studies comprised both intraspecific diversit 
of the microbiota, in order to know why bacteria and archaeal populations are kept almost const 
13940 4 d functional biodiversity of wood decay fungi will be studied. the relationship between the num 
 and/or functional groups of wood decay fungi and the species persistence, efficency of decompo 
on according to brown-rot and white-rot fungi as well as niche differentiation with respect to  
gned to evaluate the role of wood decay fungi biodiversity under perturbations of the ecosystem 
7492 1 rt, the selected model is an endophytic bacteria, beneficial for the growth of potatoes, whose  
11561 2 iving organisms and the majority of all bacteria, we know little about these bacteria as few ca 
ll bacteria, we know little about these bacteria as few can be cultured. biodiversity estimates 
15089 2 cological importance are the saproxylic insects, the most diverse in terrestrial ecosystems, ac 
on of nutrients to the ecosystem. these insects are a diverse functional group and are sensitiv 
10777 3 tyles. this may be particularly true of bacteria that cause diseases is used as a biological pe 
e its use. bt is closely related to the bacteria that causes anthrax, bacillus anthracis and to 
 to bt and a understanding of how these bacteria cooperate to exploit hosts may eventually be o 
11165 3 tyles. this may be particularly true of bacteria that cause diseases is used as a biological pe 
e its use. bt is closely related to the bacteria that causes anthrax, bacillus anthracis and to 
 to bt and a understanding of how these bacteria cooperate to exploit hosts may eventually be o 
6874 1 n and identification of their symbiotic bacteria. the demonstration of the participation of pro 
10993 1  system fulfils this role. societies of insects . the expectation is that the proportion of wor 
7564 1 connection with the introduction by man parasitoids for biological control, and will aim to und 
13594 2 roalgal species gonyostomum semen. this phytoplankton species forms intense blooms and expels s 
focused on this species, or invasion by phytoplankton in general. the aim of this project is tw 
15331 1 e edaphic and freshwater communities of invertebrates that feed on such litter. these communiti 
14841 1 usia and other nonindigenous freshwater fish invasions, as well as the protection of native fre 
7018 3 ical control agents of plant pathogenic fungi, and as sources of industrial enzymes. particular 
h is one of the principal components of fungi in soil. studies of this genus are therefore main 
 wood, other plant material and various fungi. due to limited morphological variation among the 
6764 8 esting and feeding habitats for aquatic birds and these one are good assembling habitats for mi 
 good assembling habitats for migrating birds, too. during special, mesohalin aquatic condition 
nd bentic assemblages in the water. the invertebrates provide very good, potential food resourc 
t is to estimate the key assemblages of zooplankton and benthos. connect parallel these investi 
 the key assemblages of zooplankton and benthos. connect parallel these investigations, we will 
 into mass and energy. the wild aquatic birds’ daily and seasonal activity will be registrated. 
 direct and indirect effects of aquatic birds will be discussed together the zooplankton and en 
ic birds will be discussed together the zooplankton and entomological results.  
10024 1 ying with ddt, antibiotic resistance in bacteria. natural selection, of course, happens in resp 
11314 1 ying with ddt, antibiotic resistance in bacteria. natural selection, of course, happens in resp 
10491 2                  microscopic plants, or phytoplankton, use the sun s energy to combine atmosphe 
 information on the relative roles that bacteria and animals play in elemental cycling in shall 
12552 4  in the uk and to determine which honey bees exhibit efb disease resistance. initially, genetic 
 represent the different races of honey bees. each race will be characterised using microsatell 
 already exist in the literature. honey bees from england and wales will be then be catergorise 
h risk area. these apparently resistant bees will be characterised to determine the relatedness 
14145 1                        investigation of fish resorces in lakes peipsi, lämmijärv and pihkva  
14445 2 iodiversity of epigeobiont and geobiont invertebrates will be made more precise and will be est 
ledge about studying and monitoring the invertebrates and small mammals included in the bulgari 
14111 1 ponse is a core adaptation mechanism in bacteria, mediated via adjustments in ppgpp alarmone co 
217 1 the eggs or the breeding environment of birds, and so would contribute to the improvement of ap 
10396 1 f organisms, particularly single celled algae. their biological activity results in high amount 
10798 1 community, the activity of denitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere and the up-regulation of ge 
10170 1 ings from the colour receptors of these bees, to substantiate the evidence that chance processe 
10406 2 ats. these organisms are photosynthetic bacteria which come in many shapes, forms and degrees o 
n on the most likely predators of these cyanobacteria in situ.  
10879 2 s is well documented. the extinction of macrofauna, such as giant tortoises and flightless bird 
 such as giant tortoises and flightless birds, has been a signature of man s island occupation  
11009 1 be indicators of ageing in other social insects act likewise in b. terrestris. we will then tes 
11232 1 be indicators of ageing in other social insects act likewise in b. terrestris. we will then tes 
7015 2 ough primary production flowing through bacteria in the photic zone. in the antarctic, the impo 
otrophic and autotrophic flagellates or bacteria of the microbial food web. preliminary work by 
14599 1 nts dynamic in the lagoon, establishing benthos contribution and main source of inputs from out 
10751 2 e phages, in a population of freshwater bacteria. studies on virus interaction with bacterial p 
ied in both gram-positive and -negative bacteria and used potentially as markers for monitoring 
11475 2 e phages, in a population of freshwater bacteria. studies on virus interaction with bacterial p 
ied in both gram-positive and -negative bacteria and used potentially as markers for monitoring 
7259 1  the diet of species of crustaceans and fish. a comparison of these acquisitions and the first  
13984 5 d by autumnal leaf fall and terrestrial insects provide food for fish. the reverse flow from wa 
nd terrestrial insects provide food for fish. the reverse flow from water to land is much less  
kely to be equally important. masses of insects develop in freshwater but spend their adult lif 
 asses the importance of mass-occurring insects by comparing processes along regulated rivers w 
roducers that attract blackflies. their pollinators, bumblebees, might be forced to visit many  
2524 2 ntangle those species of aphyllophorous fungi that have and have not responded negatively to fo 
y the occurrence of dead-wood dependent fungi as fruit bodies, mycelia and spores in isolated a 
10411 2 systems. these es are often provided by insects that move between different habitats in the lan 
alternative food sources for beneficial insects within the agricultural landscapes. the overall 
10468 1 arative genomic study of the genomes of bacteria, viruses, plasmids, and organelles aimed at id 
14621 3 erns may be analyzed now in mammals and birds, since molecular sequences for a large proportion 
ll study all sequences from mammals and birds the relationship between genetic distance and tax 
pecific level, sequences of mammals and birds in which several individuals have been sequenced  
2036 8 wledge of the needs of shellfish eating birds is crucial for developing and maintaining a fishe 
mands exist between the fishery and the birds. remarkably, the needs and intake of the main spe 
he life history of the shellfish eating birds and their shellfish prey one would expect that th 
hellfish stocks by the shellfish eating birds will be adjusted to the years with the poor shell 
how these prey will be exploited by the birds in the course of the winter and how many ducks wi 
will survive. this survival rate of the birds is input to the second model, to which we will re 
es in the large-scale population of the birds from the assembled demographic parameters. once p 
e the needs of the protected species of birds into account.  
10326 1 f quantifying larval flux inputs to the benthos on wave-exposed shores. we have developed a sim 
14935 3 ive in the control of diseases in other birds species, and ducks are species with a high degree 
ive methods , and by sampling from live birds and birds harvested by hunters. 4. to study the m 
s , and by sampling from live birds and birds harvested by hunters. 4. to study the meat qualit 
14797 3 in our laboratory, indicates that these bacteria conform natural endophytic populations and not 
 growth or by competing with pathogenic bacteria or fungi in the rhizosphere still remains to b 
y competing with pathogenic bacteria or fungi in the rhizosphere still remains to be known. our 
14809 1 librate molecular clocks for studies in spiders or the mediterranean region.  
7040 6  this project investigates diversity of lichens and their fungal associates in glacial refugia  
uggest. we plan to explore diversity of lichens and allied fungi using three approaches: a trad 
explore diversity of lichens and allied fungi using three approaches: a traditional and molecul 
d molecular assessment of lichenicolous fungi and other lichen associates in selected species.  
o expect that a diversity of associated fungi can colonize those foliose lichens, when they can 
ciated fungi can colonize those foliose lichens, when they can achieve high individual ages in  
14856 1 iotized and cultured ramalina farinacea algae could confirm the hypothesis that these chloropla 
15040 10                                     the fungi which grow obligately on lichens comprise over 20 
     the fungi which grow obligately on lichens comprise over 2000 known species, and further s 
ly include lichenicolous species. these fungi are extremely specialized, and many are evidently 
 place in the overall classification of fungi. investigations into the biology, bioactive produ 
ucts, and systematic placement of these fungi have been frustrated by the difficulty of securin 
s for the isolation and growth of these fungi in pure culture, using freshly collected material 
is that some genera of plant pathogenic fungi evolved from lichenicolous fungi will also be tes 
ogenic fungi evolved from lichenicolous fungi will also be tested by including newly generated  
lean and mycosphaerelloid lichenicolous fungi in trees constructed also with sequences from pla 
k. -finally, as identification of these fungi is difficult in the absence of a modern comprehen 
14985 1  . the project is centered in calicioid lichens, physciaceae, bacidiaceae s.l., protoparmelia a 
14579 1 ode fauna present in the communities of macroinvertebrates in the albufera des grau , baltic se 
150 2 ain the observed values of body size in insects; i.e. it does not facilitate optimality analysi 
 data on size-specific mortality rates. birds and pathogens will be evaluated as selective agen 
2010 4 over 35 million people. but with 47% of fish stocks fully exploited and 28% overexploited or de 
ncreases the vulnerability of exploited fish stocks to catastrophic collapses, given the likeli 
olution for sustainable exploitation of fish populations, addressing the following questions: 1 
rvesting-induced evolution of exploited fish stocks increase or decrease their vulnerability to 
13926 2 ment. however, growth in holometabolous insects is often exponential which suggests that reprod 
t case study for body size evolution in insects that would improve the predictive power of life 
15396 3 cruitment and survival of insectivorous birds which might be related to climate warming. 2. to  
n on genetic diversity of insectivorous birds in a climate change scenario. 3. to determine the 
enetic differentiation of insectivorous birds in a climate change scenario. to explore the pote 
9864 2 se and disparate multicellular animals, fungi and algae. rather surprisingly, however, whilst t 
parate multicellular animals, fungi and algae. rather surprisingly, however, whilst the oceans  
7618 2 th the eradication of species of native ants and other insects, affects ecosystem services and  
ion of species of native ants and other insects, affects ecosystem services and associated caus 
10118 1 vily on aquatic subsidies e.g. emergent insects. thus, climate change impacts on saline lakes v 
2026 6 tion, soil biodiversity and aboveground invertebrates, and in a separate field experiment will  
de reliable information on abundance of soil microorganisms such as nematodes, bacteria and fun 
bundance of soil microorganisms such as nematodes, bacteria and fungi. plant quality aspects wi 
 soil microorganisms such as nematodes, bacteria and fungi. plant quality aspects will be deter 
ganisms such as nematodes, bacteria and fungi. plant quality aspects will be determined using t 
 soil organisms, plants and aboveground invertebrates as they occur in natural conditions.  
13868 8 this, in turn, affect the potential for macrophytes to get re-established each spring. lakes wi 
lished each spring. lakes with abundant macrophytes support a high diversity of both plants and 
low biodiversity and being dominated by phytoplankton. how shallow north temperate coastal lake 
 concentrate on the key role of grazing zooplankton in initiating a clear water period in sprin 
ermine the effect of timing on zoo- and phytoplankton spring dynamics in the edge zone between  
 interactions between young-of-the-year fish and zooplankton, 3 experimentally determine how ca 
ions between young-of-the-year fish and zooplankton, 3 experimentally determine how cascading b 
delling evaluate the ability to predict zooplankton spring dynamics using long-term abiotic and 
11404 1 viously characterised ammonia-oxidising bacteria, they may represent the most important ammonia 
1975 2 involving plant-herbivore and herbivore-parasitoid oviposition behaviour of ag herbivores, para 
oviposition behaviour of ag herbivores, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in the field is affect 
10085 8 mall flowers: , and the average size of pollinator increases with flower size. the mobility of  
ower size. the mobility of these insect pollinators is important, because their foraging determ 
ry short distances, whereas giant honey bees can travel a few tens of km in search of food, and 
pollinated by small relatively immobile insects will be more closely related to each other than 
 of species pollinated by large, mobile insects. we will check for evidence of inbreeding depre 
er size and flower number are linked to pollinator size and mobility, the dispersal of pollen a 
y plant community where competition for pollinators might underlie the evolution of flowering s 
tropical forest communities where plant-pollinator interactions are disrupted by changes in mea 
2023 1 y microbes. hence, our focus will be on bacteria involved in the degradation of different class 
10148 1 mple, enhanced n deposition may release bacteria from nutrient limitation, increasing rates of  
10418 1 mple, enhanced n deposition may release bacteria from nutrient limitation, increasing rates of  
10908 1 mple, enhanced n deposition may release bacteria from nutrient limitation, increasing rates of  
11751 1 mple, enhanced n deposition may release bacteria from nutrient limitation, increasing rates of  
11742 2 er, because most deaths occur at sea of birds of unknown origin the true impact of such inciden 
ajor wintering area for guillemots, and birds from skomer were among those killed by the erika. 
2120 1 ance of the offspring of cross-fostered birds, also taking the sex of the cross-fostered parent 
12580 1 udge, with different metal contents, on soil microorganisms and how they function within the so 
12065 3 dia: it is essential for small and rare invertebrates, which nont not received scientific names 
ch project around a core of taxonomists invertebrates, probabilities includes specialists, arch 
s contemporary extinction on a group of invertebrates, and offer the theoretical and practical  
13804 7 tions of natural habitats have caused a pollinator decline, and as a result pollination interac 
eractions may be at risk. the impact of pollinator loss on plant communities is, among other th 
nd on degree of specialization of plant-pollinator interactions. this project will investigate  
tigate the effect of loss of functional pollinator groups on reproductive success in plant spec 
flower morphology. extinctions of large pollinators will be simulated in a field experiment on  
ized flowers. differences in functional pollinator diversity between species with specialized a 
ts of heterospecific pollen on arriving pollinators and on stigmas. specialization has been sug 
7522 2 east producers and manufacturers select bacteria on criteria increasingly precise linked to par 
 this method should be adaptable to all bacteria for which there is a challenge for the diversi 
12445 2 st. specifically, relationships between fish population sub-units in spawning areas, on nursery 
 necessary to improve the management of fish populations into the future against a broad range  
15242 1 a mechanism that and depict the role of pollinators in those pollen transfer patterns  
2197 2 aracters among successfully established macroalgae and higher plants by quantitative ranking of 
g on ships. the risk that some of these algae or vascular plants may pose a threat to the biodi 
7193 1 onidae of insect immunity towards their parasitoids to try to understand the reasons for succes 
14470 1 the model system are species of aquatic coleoptera, which are known to preferentially occupy on 
10159 3 ority of the world s animal species are invertebrates and it is estimated that as few as 10% of 
te. this contrasts with the mammals and birds which are to a first approximation, completely kn 
it has been possible to use mammals and birds to answer many large questions in ecology and evo 
6737 2 al groups and communities including the macroinvertebrates of the littoral zone and the benthos 
ertebrates of the littoral zone and the benthos involving the decrease of the number of species 
7163 1    this project focuses on the study of macroinvertebrates european running waters, with a spec 
2194 2 ge-scale distrubution and aboundance of zostera marina and other phanerogams and quality correl 
 use of habitat forming species such as zostera marina as indicators of biodiversity.  
11611 3 stants with each site on the surface of bacteria. the variation in these stability constants wi 
n contacted with, or in the presence of bacteria will be combined with field sampling and analy 
minerals. spectroscopic analysis of the bacteria in cell pellets from the experiments will be u 
10716 7 dms attracts different marine animals - fish, penguins and tiny crustaceans all swim, fly or pa 
. this is because the great majority of bacteria that live out here in the natural world have n 
es in the genes, the microorganisms and fungi that used the dms or the dmsp can be identified a 
 around spartina roots, which teem with bacteria and fungi that consume or make dms. we will th 
ina roots, which teem with bacteria and fungi that consume or make dms. we will therefore condu 
 it is important to know which types of bacteria and fungi that affect its production and destr 
ant to know which types of bacteria and fungi that affect its production and destruction and wh 
11704 7 dms attracts different marine animals - fish, penguins and tiny crustaceans all swim, fly or pa 
. this is because the great majority of bacteria that live out here in the natural world have n 
es in the genes, the microorganisms and fungi that used the dms or the dmsp can be identified a 
 around spartina roots, which teem with bacteria and fungi that consume or make dms. we will th 
ina roots, which teem with bacteria and fungi that consume or make dms. we will therefore condu 
 it is important to know which types of bacteria and fungi that affect its production and destr 
ant to know which types of bacteria and fungi that affect its production and destruction and wh 
10854 2       wolbachia is a genus of inherited bacteria that manipulate the reproduction of their host 
 address three questions: 1. why do the bacteria reach such high prevalences two hypotheses tha 
10586 1 ntly fashionable hypothesis that female birds are able to allocate reproductive resources in re 
7487 2  of target species, bycatch of numerous fish and other organisms and the crushing of benthos su 
and other organisms and the crushing of benthos such as e.g. cold water coral and large sponges 
13808 2  levels, i.e. trees and shrubs, certain arthropods, and birds. three types of management are ev 
ees and shrubs, certain arthropods, and birds. three types of management are evaluated: a mosai 
15244 4 ishment of the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi associated with species in the communities of gyp 
al is the implementation of mycorrhizal fungi inoculum production techniques for natural mycorr 
 determine the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi species associated with gypsophites after selecti 
methods for reproduction of mycorrhizal fungi inoculum from gypsum soils. 2.1. try different ty 
15243 4 ishment of the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi associated with species in the communities of gyp 
al is the implementation of mycorrhizal fungi inoculum production techniques for natural mycorr 
 determine the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi species associated with gypsophites after selecti 
methods for reproduction of mycorrhizal fungi inoculum from gypsum soils. 2.1. try different ty 
12156 2  population declines of breeding wading birds on lowland wet grassland in uk and elsewhere in e 
 exploit these preferences to encourage birds to nest in high densities away from field edges,  
13715 5 itrogen they fix likely supports baltic fish yield. to eliminate blooms would be costly, and co 
 change the baltic ecosystem and reduce fish yield. studies will be made both in the open sea a 
ystem effects of blooms, especially for fish food and fish larvae, 4. fate of the nitrogen fixe 
of blooms, especially for fish food and fish larvae, 4. fate of the nitrogen fixed by blooms wh 
altic ecosystem, or overly reducing its fish production.  
1923 1 -ground grazers, below-ground grazers , arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fungal grazers and decomp 
14277 7 e basin, is the enhanced development of macrophytes during summer, which is apparently linked w 
r important group of primary producers, phytoplankton, usually dominates in zones with differen 
characteristics compared to those where macrophytes thrive. both groups can attain quantitative 
lling the appearance and development of macrophytes and to quantify the effect of macrophytes o 
crophytes and to quantify the effect of macrophytes on the nutrient export to the downstream zo 
ons will focus on nutrient retention by macrophytes and nutrient delivery by the sediment, to a 
 presence. the decomposition process of macrophytes will be followed and the contribution of ma 
171 1        quantitative analysis of benthic algae habitat allows estimating state of the coastal wa 
12343 1 ow an update to be made for a number of fish species which are also being considered as part of 
2518 3 it will construct operational models of fish stock dynamics explicitly taking account of exploi 
hips, population dynamics of non-target fish species and economic modelling of fisheries from a 
that increasing the amount of predatory fish leads to increased predation. the project will use 
11208 1 ne organisms. the culture collection of algae and protozoa is an internationally important biol 
10201 4 here but the activity of photosynthetic bacteria in the oceans over a period of 1.5 billion yea 
- a process that is only carried out by bacteria. the balance of elements in the biosphere is t 
he way it is because of the activity of bacteria. and all life on earth evolved from bacteria.  
ria. and all life on earth evolved from bacteria. the role of marine microbes has been the subj 
13573 2 ng them. recent research has shown that bacteria play a crucial role in the marine environment, 
owledge and understanding of the marine bacteria are, however, still very incomplete.  
12437 1 current trends continue many commercial fish stocks may not recover. all this provides strong c 
2110 4  distribution and size structure of the zooplankton community, and that changes in size and ene 
anges in size and energy content of key zooplankton prey will influence the energy transfer in  
uire access to abundant and energy-rich zooplankton and pelagic fish in order to raise their ch 
and energy-rich zooplankton and pelagic fish in order to raise their chicks successfully. clima 
2138 1 hesis for this proposal is that clupeid fish , what lactate levels forces sprat out of hypoxic  
2178 3 ystems from inorganic chemistry through phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria to export and  
rganic chemistry through phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria to export and sedimentation,  
through phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria to export and sedimentation, assessing consequ 
13329 1 volution development and diversity, and fish and shellfish nodes. this research can be applied  
13833 1 us. chironomids are in turn consumed by spiders on the shore-line and indirectly increase spide 
12573 1  on previous work , looking at archived fish scales from more rivers around the uk from 1998 to 
12431 1 ested by a range of organisms including invertebrates at the base of the food chain and there a 
11370 3 e, and up to 90% is rapidly oxidised by bacteria. the biological pathways and their regulation  
proposed research are to isolate marine bacteria that oxidise dms, to identify key enzymes and  
udy the ecology of dms oxidising marine bacteria.  
11042 3 characterise the species composition of bacteria that assimilated dms using the heavy dna. this 
ation of the number of dms-assimilating bacteria will also be carried out by applying a new mic 
enhance our understanding of how marine bacteria have an effect on the amount of dms that is em 
10335 1 uch less readily obtained. for example, fish bones are often small and fragile and do not survi 
15300 1 tanding of their biology and, like most fish recovery programs, depends on a hatchery culture p 
10941 11 s risk of starvation or being eaten. in birds, how an individual views both starvation and pred 
k is neatly measured by its weight. fat birds are unlikely to starve, but getting fat takes tim 
duced. therefore we tend to find fatter birds when starvation risk is relatively important such 
s when feeding is difficult and thinner birds when predation risk is relatively important such  
predation risk simply from a measure of birds weight and how this varies. if this is true, it w 
and routinely carried out for many wild birds during bird ringing. what this research aims to d 
establish how we can use the weights of birds to assess starvation and predation risk and so dr 
ining the habits and population size of birds. an example of how we can do this is provided by  
t for ornithology ringing scheme, where birds are marked by enthusiastic amateurs to determine  
o analyse weights from 30 species of uk birds. if we can establish rules that tell us what the  
on and predation is for a population of birds on the basis of easily collected weights, we can  
7503 2                                      in birds, the freezing of semen is the reference method fo 
ed in most species of domestic and wild birds partridges, and their link with the ability to fr 
2467 1 ng those with the largest production of fish biomass and seabird biodiversity on our planet.  
11368 3  as bud burst or the arrival of migrant birds in spring. the lesser sandeel, a small, eel-like, 
er sandeel, a small, eel-like, shoaling fish, is at the centre of the north sea food web being  
important prey for many seabirds, large fish and marine mammals. sandeels are also the target o 
11608 1 chanism underlying sex ratio control in birds and c investigate the effect of the genetic mix o 
11741 3 body with larger flight muscles. worker bees in colonies with a queen sometimes lay eggs. if re 
 in the derbyshire peak district. queen bees will then be taken to the valley, each in her own  
which will develop into daughter worker bees. paternity tests will be made on the daughter work 
1974 10                               many soil bacteria produce chitinases and other lytic enzymes tha 
se living fungal hyphae. therefore such bacteria may be able to use living fungi as growth subs 
such bacteria may be able to use living fungi as growth substrate i.e. analogous to so-called m 
rasitism that is known for certain soil fungi. however, so far no information is available on t 
onstrated that a newly defined genus of bacteria, collimonas, can grow on living hyphae in soil 
phae in soil microcosms. the collimonas bacteria are dominant among the chitinolytic bacteria i 
ria are dominant among the chitinolytic bacteria in acidic, fungal rich soils indicating the po 
in situ occurrence and consequences for fungi of mycoparasitic growth of collimonas. identifica 
ed to develop a protocol to screen soil bacteria for mycoparasitic potential. the major goals o 
coparasitic growth potential among soil bacteria.  
10048 1 ses using a small species of freshwater fish guppies on the island of trinidad in the carribean 
10226 1 ses using a small species of freshwater fish guppies on the island of trinidad in the carribean 
14129 1 y mechanisms of ribosome degradation in bacteria. to this end we will measure ribosome degradat 
10554 1 the photosynthetic picoplankton. marine cyanobacteria of the closely-related genera prochloroco 
10558 1 the photosynthetic picoplankton. marine cyanobacteria of the closely-related genera prochloroco 
10887 2 carbon isotope values of common aquatic invertebrates . we have identified such alternative fue 
r is there not an ancient signal in the invertebrates from ch4 if we can show that a typically  
7486 1  of the viability and robustness of the fish under aquaculture conditions. this join them appro 
13938 2 such as biogeographical distribution of bacteria, but it also poses elements of risks such as s 
rne transport of viruses transmitted by birds. the suggested sampling strategy will allow ident 
11761 2 he south, and microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi living in the soil. the aim of this  
 microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi living in the soil. the aim of this research proj 
10719 14 of cave-adapted aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates including worms, pseudo-scorpions, spider 
ates including worms, pseudo-scorpions, spiders, leeches and centipedes. remarkably over 30 of  
centipedes. remarkably over 30 of these invertebrates are endemic to movile cave. these inverte 
rates are endemic to movile cave. these invertebrates have adapted to life without light throug 
rganic carbon made by non-photosythetic bacteria in the cave. in preliminary studies, it has be 
ain active methane and sulfur oxidising bacteria which must be driving the start of the microbi 
f the microbial food chain, where these bacteria grow and release nutrient for other bacteria a 
ria grow and release nutrient for other bacteria and fungi to grow. in turn, the bacteria are g 
release nutrient for other bacteria and fungi to grow. in turn, the bacteria are grazed on by w 
acteria and fungi to grow. in turn, the bacteria are grazed on by worms and other invertebrates 
cteria are grazed on by worms and other invertebrates and finally carnivores head the top of th 
e top of the food chain by eating other invertebrates. this environment can be considered an ex 
n top of this we can detect in the same fish-labelled cells the heavy, 13c from methane and car 
igate the exact location and numbers of bacteria that incorporate our test c substrates and ove 
15475 1                                         bacteria a unique framework to correlate microbial ocea 
1091 2 atures on natural populations of marine invertebrates from coastal shallow-water habitats. a nu 
ponse of natural populations of coastal invertebrates to climatic change.  
7019 1 would consist of microorganisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. numerous recent findings have ind 
10368 1                                    army ants are both ecologically important and prime candidat 
1955 4 occur on their wintering grounds. these birds may not have the right cues to start spring migra 
nd how selection favours early arriving birds. the outcome of these effects will be used to mod 
ing arrival date. in the last years the birds did started egg laying almost directly after arri 
 in the next years we expect that these birds face the problem that they arrive too late to hav 
14738 3 ls, which kill hundreds of thousands of birds each year worldwide. this research project aims . 
ers on longliners and collecting killed birds. assignment test will be applied on these birds t 
ssignment test will be applied on these birds to investigate the impact of longliners on specif 
10543 1 ent that exploit commercially-important fish stocks in the north sea. this model will be used t 
7277 1 lly to cause erosion of biodiversity in fish: global warming, invasions of species and overfish 
13609 7 erature, which may be inappropriate for algae, given that much of this theory is linked to the  
linked to the biology of plants. marine algae do not have roots, translocation is unusual, and, 
w theoretical perspective is needed for algae. without a conceptual understanding of algae func 
. without a conceptual understanding of algae function it will be difficult to recognize and pr 
s that chemical defences are costly for macroalgae, and, investigate the role of growth, plant  
n determining costs. two species of red algae will be used as test species. the questions will  
e to understand the responses of marine algae to environmental changes that affect algal growth 
13972 7                                         seagrass meadows are considered important biotopes for  
l zone including commercially important fish species. however, the extension of seagrass decrea 
fish species. however, the extension of seagrass decreases rapidly, and 60% of the zostera mari 
grass decreases rapidly, and 60% of the zostera marina along the swedish west coast has disappe 
f increased turbidity and overgrowth of macroalgae. eutrophication is regarded as driving force 
sed grazing and increased overgrowth of macroalgae. our overall hypothesis is that trophic casc 
rophication results in excess growth of macroalgae in zostera. extensive data sets on zostera b 
2183 1  consequences of climate change on lake fish communities are very poorly understood. windermere 
14595 3 he growth and ultrastructure of aquatic fungi, microalgae and bacteria, the factors affecting t 
ucture of aquatic fungi, microalgae and bacteria, the factors affecting their production, their 
ltrastructure of microalgae and aquatic fungi 2. to know the effect of the variation in culture 
15423 1 uence of the photosynthetic activity of algae, and they are also responsible for most of the bi 
11299 1 tribute to shaping populations of brown algae. it not only has the largest reported host range  
11540 1 tribute to shaping populations of brown algae. it not only has the largest reported host range  
11630 3 an check to see if disease is caused in fish and can look for possible polluting chemicals but  
t tiny changes that might be harmful in fish before it is too late and disease occurs. in recen 
s for detecting effects of chemicals on fish and other organisms in the environment.  
14448 2 in bulgaria the treasure of lactic acid bacteria . the original development of specific gene ma 
ffect of selected bulgarian lactic acid bacteria, determination of the mechanisms of adhesion t 
11385 1 ithin dominance hierarchies. individual fish held under growth and stress regimes enabled the i 
6852 1 d fluoroquinolone resistance in enteric bacteria collected from some 160 environmental samples  
15484 1 cycles in aphids but also in many other insects.  
11344 3 c microorganisms degrade the cellulosic phytoplankton biomass, principally to carbon dioxide an 
ively ubiquitous groups of cellulolytic bacteria, we also have evidence that gut inhabiting ana 
 evidence that gut inhabiting anaerobic fungi occur in the environment at large and are keen to 
6807 2                                     the fish-parasitic myxosporeans has still unclear parts. du 
 of infection caused by myxosporeans in fish host from the early developmental stages of parasi 
11618 2                                  marine nematodes are a ubiquitous, abundant, hyper-diverse gro 
terisation and identification of marine nematodes in british estuaries where species are relati 
14544 2 tly widely distributed group within the bacteria. recently, the use of molecular techniques has 
ty of natural ecosystems. most of these bacteria have not been cultured and characterized yet a 
7494 3 on cultivability more than 99 % of soil bacteria, alternative techniques have been developed ba 
ble to express in vitro non- culturable bacteria genes including complex operons encoding full  
ill also be used to develop mycorrhizal fungi cdna libraries from the ground after the removal  
10186 3 ersity and activity of ch3cl -degrading bacteria in the environment. phylogenetic probes based  
ferase found in chloromethane-utilising bacteria will be used to examine the ecology of these b 
be used to examine the ecology of these bacteria in laboratory based mesocosm studies and in en 
14926 3 s is the adaptation of plants to animal pollinators. the significance of animal pollinator as a 
pollinators. the significance of animal pollinator as a directional force can be appreciated in 
as a result of adaptacion to particular pollinators. nor is it known to what extent convergence 
15045 3 s is the adaptation of plants to animal pollinators. the significance of animal pollinator as a 
pollinators. the significance of animal pollinator as a directional force can be appreciated in 
as a result of adaptation to particular pollinators. nor is it known to what extent convergence 
7304 1 s approach combining molecular biology, fish and immunocytochemistry, if molecular structures e 
15459 1 ts in the many genera of lichen-forming fungi currently in use were developed in the 1970s, and 
10104 2  on a symbiosis with sulphide-oxidising bacteria and bivalve molluscs are a major component of  
iosis, structural accommodations to the bacteria and diversification of lucinids into different 
14535 1 ecies concept obtained with our data to bacteria in general.  
10352 2 bound form that can be utilized by some bacteria, but not by plants. we have identified a bacte 
 gene expression in the root-associated bacteria and in the plant while supplying varying level 
14967 2  huge number and variety of microscopic fungi. the most common are the ascomycete, which are th 
 sexual state of an important number of fungi of biotechnological importance, of plant and anim 
14451 3  importance of four taxonomic groups of fungi in bulgaria . 3. establishment of new for bulgari 
lishment of new for bulgaria species of fungi and new fungal hosts and substrata. 4. new data a 
nificance of the investigated groups of fungi in bulgaria.  
13814 1 r threatened species and as refuges for pollinators and natural enemies of crop pests, and to e 
14732 2 cardiac outflow tract of chondrichthian fish consists of a single myocardial chamber, the conus 
e anatomy and adaptive evolution of the fish heart and which have been controversial during man 
15365 1 ooms, being a dominant component of the phytoplankton. a more detailed study performed in the n 
11254 7 e by small photosynthetic plants called phytoplankton. in the large central regions of the ocea 
from the coasts, very small unicellular cyanobacteria are the most numerous part of the phytopl 
teria are the most numerous part of the phytoplankton. these cyanobacteria are continually grow 
merous part of the phytoplankton. these cyanobacteria are continually growing and dividing, but 
er with the defence mechanisms that the cyanobacteria have developed, which are the focus of th 
we would like to find out whether these cyanobacteria have specific structures on their surface 
s there aren t enough nutrients for the cyanobacteria and it is important to find out how starv 
11494 7 e by small photosynthetic plants called phytoplankton. in the large central regions of the ocea 
from the coasts, very small unicellular cyanobacteria are the most numerous part of the phytopl 
teria are the most numerous part of the phytoplankton. these cyanobacteria are continually grow 
merous part of the phytoplankton. these cyanobacteria are continually growing and dividing, but 
er with the defence mechanisms that the cyanobacteria have developed, which are the focus of th 
we would like to find out whether these cyanobacteria have specific structures on their surface 
s there aren t enough nutrients for the cyanobacteria and it is important to find out how starv 
11029 10 se tiny one-celled creatures are called phytoplankton , and their photosynthesis draws carbon d 
e are important in determining how much phytoplankton will grow. it use to be assumed that phyt 
on will grow. it use to be assumed that phytoplankton could divide indefinitely i.e. that they  
on losses came only from being eaten by zooplankton, infected by viruses or sinking out of the  
the sunlit waters. but now we know that phytoplankton are mortal, and that they will grow old a 
ize fits all rule may not apply because phytoplankton are highly diverse - some are less relate 
in all other life on earth. indeed, the phytoplankton made the earth s oxygen atmosphere a bill 
aled how important the natural death of phytoplankton could be for the energy flow of marine ec 
 more than half of the surface-dwelling phytoplankton may be dead. dead cells cannot grow and d 
to better understand how populations of phytoplankton grow, divide and die in the vast expanses 
1082 3  amines that are correlated with marine invertebrates metabolism, and methanogens that produce  
e, abundance and diversity of meio- and macrofauna will be assessed, also in relation to the fr 
 integrated and ecological modelling of bacteria-mediated c transfer to higher trophic levels w 
13974 7                                         fungi capable of forming biotrophic mycorrhizal associa 
verse range of free-living saprotrophic fungi. however, multiple evolutionary reversals from my 
ndition and vice-versa have occurred in fungi, indicating that the ability to form mycorrhiza i 
 to examine how saprotrophic wood-decay fungi interact with healthy roots of forest trees, some 
, more that 200 species of saprotrophic fungi will be examined for their capacity to form funct 
s by p. gigantea and other saprotrophic fungi on sites treated with biocontrol agent of p. giga 
biotrophic association is in wood-decay fungi. it will also provide new insights into fungal ec 
522 4 far as the relations betweens scavenger birds and farming systems are largely variable and depe 
es that they generate for the scavenger birds. finally it is also part of axis 3, interactions  
dy was devoted to the role of scavenger birds in the quartering management. one of the issuess  
 all the possible dynamics of scavenger birds in this quartering system. in priority elaborated 
14712 2 egetation conditioning the community of invertebrates. only in some areas wild herbivorous exis 
stems, and for that purpose 3 groups of insects with different biology and functional importanc 
15355 1 roject on ecological interactions among arthropods in an organic citrus grove. the main project 
10942 8            colonization of plants by am fungi is known to alter the growth and survival of foli 
e growth and survival of foliar-feeding insects. this project aims to examine if these effects  
n a higher trophic level, namely insect parasitoids. a model system of leucanthemum vulgare, a  
e, a leaf mining fly and its associated parasitoids will be studied in observational and manipu 
specifically, we ask whether amf affect parasitoid performance through changes in plant archite 
growth, survival and fitness of fly and parasitoids assessed. in addition, a semi-controlled ex 
trolled experiment will examine fly and parasitoid performance on plants grown with different c 
ts grown with different combinations of fungi, isolated from the field site.  
11745 1 amination. the soil contains indigenous bacteria that have adapted to tolerate and degrade thes 
542 1  disruption of ant-plant mutualisms, as ants were more affected by climate change than plants.  
15371 3 s and antiparasitic defensive traits of birds that breed in risky hole-nest environments. impor 
ogenic infection of offspring and adult birds in the nest. we hypothesise that , and thus will  
to evaluate the importance of different bacteria in the expected fitness effects of the uropygi 
11096 4  have recently shown that at least some fungi can form mycorrhizas on both. this is exciting be 
hesis by the trees might be used by the fungi to support nutrient uptake by the shrubs or vice  
to find out whether sharing mycorrhizal fungi is widespread in the field, and get more informat 
blaeberry. we will culture these shared fungi on artificial media in the laboratory, and then u 
12201 1  cereals, especially wheat, by fusarium fungi can lead to contamination of grain, and hence gra 
15063 2 persal, especially in avian species. in birds females usually females disperse more than males  
than dominant, adults or good condition birds. the present research project aims at answering s 
10282 4 en the long-term studies of mammals and birds where it has been possible to follow individuals  
ld system to the handful of mammals and birds which have thus far been thoroughly studied in na 
males may be more likely to be eaten by birds. these issues with crickets are shared with almos 
timates made in the field 8. do related insects ever meet and if they do, do they mate with one 
11746 1 ing. we have isolate a number of marine bacteria that have the interesting property of attracti 
10934 2 ance extends to other metals, cu pb, in fish from different metallogenic regions and if ag tole 
able information on the adaptability of fish to metal rich environments, with emphasis on ag, a 
12398 1  directive, the habitats directive, the birds directive and the nitrates directive. each scenar 
15369 4 s and antiparasitic defensive traits of birds that breed in risky hole-nest environments. impor 
ogenic infection of offspring and adult birds in the nest. we hypothesise that mutualistic asso 
esise that mutualistic association with bacteria as defence mechanisms against pathogenic infec 
ll pay special attention to mutualistic bacteria living in the uropygial gland of hoopoes, as w 
10648 6                                  living birds evolved from a flightless ancestor. the changes t 
ide the skull of both living and fossil birds, revealing how the brain of modern birds has evol 
irds, revealing how the brain of modern birds has evolved. using ct analysis, the size of the f 
ned in dinosaurs and living and extinct birds, because its shape - and that of the brain as a w 
gists to infer flying ability for early birds such as archaeopteryx from this structure. howeve 
t, and the transition from dinosaurs to birds.  
13925 1 l for attractant research on other pest insects, such as mosquitoes or moths. in addition, the  
10929 9                   the sense of smell of fish is exquisitely sensitive and precise with the abil 
r way back to their natal streams since fish with this sense impaired bilaterally are unable to 
known what particular smells the homing fish are attracted to, nor how their nervous systems de 
eased into the water by closely related fish , particular chemicals or groups of chemicals comm 
 physiological recordings from selected fish. we will also establish populations of hatchery re 
stablish populations of hatchery reared fish imprinted to either chemically or fish conditioned 
 fish imprinted to either chemically or fish conditioned water and assess their preferences for 
odours using a laboratory y-maze. these fish will then be used for physiological recording expe 
esponses in imprinted and non-imprinted fish.  
14452 2  environmental risk assessment in model insects and small mammalians will be proposed. they pro 
odern molecular cytogenetical approach: fish, differential staining of chromosomes, comet assay 
10367 2 cause data on the major predators - the spiders - are missing. the objectives of this study are 
ormation from newly discovered mesozoic spiders using innovative techniques in reflected-light  
12242 1 ses, especially perennial ryegrass, and legumes adaptation to climate change through enhanced w 
11560 2 ion may also be important in sustaining fish growth. this proposal seeks support to study these 
o assess the impacts of such changes on phytoplankton productivity and fisheries.  
15468 1 special protection, especially for wild birds . the culturable prokaryotic biodiversity found i 
13504 1 distribution of heterotrophic n2-fixing bacteria in the baltic sea and gains insights into some 
10051 3  terms of, for example, n2o, o2 and the bacteria driving the n-cycle. we will experimentally ma 
o organic matter and analyse the active bacteria involved in the metabolism of these gases by u 
 understanding of the key processes and bacteria involved in these complex metabolisms in such  
11581 3  terms of, for example, n2o, o2 and the bacteria driving the n-cycle. we will experimentally ma 
o organic matter and analyse the active bacteria involved in the metabolism of these gases by u 
 understanding of the key processes and bacteria involved in these complex metabolisms in such  
13936 1 igena. nodularia is one of the dominant cyanobacteria in the summer blooms with major contribut 
2108 2 arios. this will include changes to the fish and invertebrate stocks. many of the models that w 
c impact of the expected changes in the fish stocks under various chlimate change scenarios on  
15190 1 ect study of the nuclear dna content in algae, with special reference to phaeophyceae cgl2005-0 
14640 1 d to measure the nuclear dna content in algae using fluorimetric techniques, with the aim of tr 
7562 2 r transfer from frozen somatic cells in fish. the term aim is to enable the restoration of indi 
yonic cell nuclei gives good results in fish, including interspecific, but the field is still b 
146 2 hnology and field margins are promoting parasitoids and predators presence in agrocenosis.resul 
 the role of carabids and hymenopterous parasitoids is increasing in plant protection.  
2547 1  these snp markers on a large number of birds to reconstruct the phylogeographic history of the 
12451 6 ted the distribution of fishing effort, fish abundance and food-web structure. specially, impli 
ations of shifts in the distribution of fish and fisheries and changes in size structure of the 
es and changes in size structure of the fish community, and gathering more information about th 
es in the distribution and abundance of fish; use biological data from scientific surveys to pr 
de knowledge on how the size and age of fish and their relative abundance has changed and help  
es in the distribution and abundance of fish.  
14370 2 uation coefficient, primary production, phytoplankton functional groups and partial pressure of 
 understanding of optical properties of phytoplankton, impact of bottom reflectance and adjacen 
14453 3 n. to further test the possibility that birds use geomagnetic information for navigation, caged 
in particular the alternatives by which birds can detect longitude by use of geomagnetic declin 
ast and south africa. the proportion of birds from different subspecies of willow warbler passi 
15057 1                  amongst the halophilic bacteria the genus halomonas contains a very high numbe 
11557 1        the incredible success of living birds of pneumaticity was a single event or occurred on 
15212 1 y traits and reproductive strategies in birds. recent studies emphasized the role of oxidative  
13481 3 food quality and follow the transfer to fish during eight offshore expeditions in 2004-2005. we 
us reproductional disturbance in baltic fish know as m74: oxidative stress, astaxanthin, thiami 
s is that m74 and other disturbances in fish correlate to a pelagic regime shift caused by larg 
6885 1 s. species composition of the subfossil zooplankton community can be reconstructed by its remai 
10647 4 this knowledge to improve models of how zooplankton transport carbon, through their faecal mate 
aecal material, to depth. understanding zooplankton dvm is important for many reasons. quantify 
 will be able to understand the role of zooplankton in arctic ecosystems and this is of particu 
ons on the effect of plankton-dependent fish species are to be made.  
12070 2 ects of recent global changes on marine phytoplankton. these high biomass blooms can lead to se 
pread marine parasites such as viruses, bacteria, and protists specific for these toxic microal 
15061 1 e communities of three sympatric mullet fish to elucidate the origin of associations of selecte 
15145 1 ed to parasite fauna of many species of birds and of mammals belonging to orders insectivora, r 
10782 1                                  marine phytoplankton play a central role in the cycling of bio 
11318 1                                  marine phytoplankton play a central role in the cycling of bio 
2187 1  butterflies and agriculture associated birds, since species of these groups associated with se 
15122 2 s of these systems and, hence, on their phytoplankton , the processes determining the pathways  
changes in the smallest fraction of the phytoplankton community are triggered in response to ch 
2048 1 ke spatial distribution patterns of the fish, stock dynamics and the impact of the fishery rela 
15220 1 ill propose the protection of important birds areas for seabirds at sea.  
11395 1 se systems such as tropical forests and coral reefs. in this way, we shall measure and distingu 
7208 2 mption of development among herbivorous insects, production of primary inoculum in parasitic fu 
uction of primary inoculum in parasitic fungi. genericity of this feature allows you to set at  
14953 1  to phosphorus availability in distinct phytoplankton organisms and to determine its role in th 
10301 1 planktonic and epiphytic and epibenthic algae in rivers. such rivers often fail to meet the sta 
15399 1 cycles in aphids but also in many other insects.  
14930 3 tions to their peculiar environment. in insects, morphological changes include reduction of eye 
ting the development. in holometabolous insects the hormones regulating the embryonic, larval a 
mones has been done for a wide range of insects, including beetles, similar profiles are availa 
216 2 studies of certain groups of cetrarioid lichens worldwide. the tasks of the project are as foll 
version of the world list of cetrarioid lichens and to complement it with the nomenclatural dat 
14844 4 ll study the phylogeny and evolution of earthworms belonging to the family lumbricidae as the o 
eproductive organ in the hermaphroditic earthworms that works as an apparatus for mating and sp 
nd some species, the so-called athecate earthworms even lack spermathecae and are apparently pa 
ctic and parthenogenetic populations of earthworms with a very controversial taxonomic position 
14454 1 sis and the spermatozoon of cestodes of birds and mammals 6. additional motivation of the young 
7399 1 ng two major groups of plant pathogenic bacteria, identify cohesive forces maintaining the inte 
7597 1 ng two major groups of plant pathogenic bacteria, identify cohesive forces maintaining the inte 
14913 2  about the general models of freshwater fish distribution, and the identification of cobitiform 
a, caucasus and the european freshwater fish fauna. the diversity of these groups was long time 
12060 1 ations on trees and tree – phytophagous insects interactions. but this very topic as well is fa 
13946 2 important. the bioavailability of fe to phytoplankton is influenced by its physico-chemical spe 
 metal:c ratios in field populations of phytoplankton. this information is vital to make links  
15203 6 th much more biodiversity or b a turbid phytoplankton-dominated system in which aquatic vegetat 
e of this, an integrated picture of the phytoplankton-aquatic vegetation interaction that combi 
undergoes, negatively affects submerged macrophytes in shallow systems like coastal lagoons, an 
thy is an important interaction between macrophytes and phytoplankton at field scale and, there 
ant interaction between macrophytes and phytoplankton at field scale and, therefore, to determi 
 by nutrients on the plankton-submerged macrophytes relationship and to determine what macrophy 
2513 7                                  marine phytoplankton form the basis of the marine food chain a 
he overall ecological success of marine phytoplankton, but also its taxonomic diversity and siz 
 a prominent group of calcifying marine algae, have shown that the physiological responses to t 
omplicate our predictions of how marine algae may adapt to future climatic scenarios. we propos 
o study the adaptive response of marine algae to climatic change across ecological and evolutio 
 genotypic-specific responses in living algae. the outcome of this project will provide groundb 
rovide groundbreaking insights into how algae have adapted to past environmental change, and he 
14133 2 egime shifts in nutrient limitation and phytoplankton response. an existing data set of 6 large 
ssociation between functional groups of phytoplankton and dominant grazer type. finally a set o 
9917 1 ing antenna of photosystem ii in intact phytoplankton cells. comparison between the direct exci 
11342 1 ortion via zygotic interference seen in insects, srds of crustacea act later in host developmen 
11114 7                       just like humans, algae are plagued by diseases caused by fungi, bacteria 
algae are plagued by diseases caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses. this is of ecological impor 
re plagued by diseases caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses. this is of ecological importance s 
o a basis for future comparisons on how algae, animals and terrestrial plants defend themselves 
tudies, it can already be inferred that algae share some very old defence mechanisms with them, 
 and trying to infect a large number of algae from different geographical origins, we will try  
 to understand how the pathogen and the algae might possibly have co-evolved. this knowledge of 
10460 2                                         phytoplankton and zooplankton samples collected during  
                      phytoplankton and zooplankton samples collected during the marine product 
14478 1 o analyze the relationships between the fungi of the order urocystales and their hosts, with th 
12527 2                        phytoplasmas are bacteria-like pathogens that infect plants. spread by i 
pathogens that infect plants. spread by insects, these pathogens have a number of biological pr 
12545 1                                         fungi comprise nearly 70 % of the non-native pathogens  
2461 1 nter environmental stresses for example insects, pathogens and plant nutrients. presence of the 
7682 1  on two biodiversity layers: plants and insects in semi-natural managed grasslands. in these mo 
2067 2 ination crisis whereby the diversity of pollinators is declined due to human interference. if r 
tantial and complete knowledge of plant-pollinator relationships and interactions, and the cons 
11445 4 king specialisation to a less efficient pollinator, provided that such specialisation does not  
he benefits conferred by more efficient pollinators. in other words, plants may be cryptic gene 
edictions of adaptation to a particular pollinator type. we found an ideal model system to stud 
entify the relative values of different pollinators for these flowers.  
14941 3 effect of predators on the behaviour of pollinators will depend on the amount of nectar that po 
ill depend on the amount of nectar that pollinators can expect to obtain at flowers. flower col 
ecause they affect the probability that pollinators detect ambushing predators and the probabil 
7418 1 into account the problems of farmers on pollinators. second, to organize a national day of awar 
212 1  size and duration of growing period in insects. in particular, we will investigate whether, an 
11149 2  the reproductive success of individual fish in the competing groups and try to relate this suc 
plex mixtures of chemical discharges on fish populations in the natural environment for the bet 
11696 2  the reproductive success of individual fish in the competing groups and try to relate this suc 
plex mixtures of chemical discharges on fish populations in the natural environment for the bet 
2164 1  a direct impact on the survival of the fish once they enter the marine environment. 2 furtherm 
11383 3 ter fleas grow up in a habitat in which fish are present they develop head and tail spines that 
d tail spines that make it harder for a fish to eat them, however these spines are not produced 
ever these spines are not produced when fish are absent. this ability of an animal to change wh 
2052 1 tems, but also for predatory freshwater fish in general.  
13472 2 d habitats. the project will focus wood fungi confined to burned or fire-influenced dead pines. 
thus be hypothesized that this group of fungi are patch tracking metapopulations at two spatial 
11392 7            all life on earth depends on bacteria, which drive the global cycles of matter and e 
 dna sequences of hundreds of different bacteria, we can see that nearly all these diverse func 
ns are carried out by accessory genes . bacteria are like computers: they have a basic genome t 
tem running and is much the same in all bacteria, rather like the hardware and operating system 
lection of these by swapping with other bacteria, just as computers accumulate software package 
ve installed. we expect that even those bacteria that belong to the same species and have essen 
, looking at large numbers of genes and bacteria so that we can draw some strong general conclu 
11709 4  change are adding further pressures on fish resources. new strategies are therefore required t 
biological differences that exist among fish stocks into stock assessment. such information is  
ation is important since most exploited fish species comprise assemblages of individuals that d 
aintenance of genetic diversity in wild fish populations, so endowing them with greater evoluti 
10028 4  change are adding further pressures on fish resources. new strategies are therefore required t 
biological differences that exist among fish stocks into stock assessment. such information is  
ation is important since most exploited fish species comprise assemblages of individuals that d 
aintenance of genetic diversity in wild fish populations, so endowing them with greater evoluti 
13469 1 eral for conservation issues of aquatic invertebrates. among species comparisons will be made.  
11163 2 whole water system reacting in terms of fish losses or build-up of poisonous algae. sometimes,  
of fish losses or build-up of poisonous algae. sometimes, ecosytems can withstand a good deal o 
12572 3 nt of predation by specific pisciverous fish and non-native crustacean species on diadromous fi 
native crustacean species on diadromous fish within the freshwater and estuarine environments.  
ween the management plans for different fish species and to advise on the control or eradicatio 
2180 1  will affect the population dynamics of birds and mammals, and how these dynamical influences w 
9851 3 ons, and between these plants and their pollinators. these mismatches could substantially reduc 
 and the ecological resilience of plant-pollinator networks. attempts to predict such effects a 
tionary change in flower morphology and pollinator visitation. the case partner, the avon wildl 
13596 1 idized to no2- by the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria spatial modelling of the phylogenetic structur 
12167 1 ments and causes of decline of farmland birds.  
12562 3 l the response of native and non-native fish species under conditions of climate change; refine 
s arising from the spread of non-native fish, including the spread of novel fish diseases, esse 
ive fish, including the spread of novel fish diseases, essential for the appropriate implementa 
2211 5 he dynamics of ecosystems, in the case, fish and wildlife populations. this overall goal can be 
y of types of species under focus, e.g. fish and moose • clarity the institutional prerequisite 
rerequisites for adaptive management of fish and wildlife • explore to what extent local system 
 what extent local systems for managing fish and wildlife exhibit adaptive qualities and ascert 
framework for the management of swedish fish and wildlife populations. • suggest how existing m 
461 2  hunting, guano mining, localization of fish schools are all ecosystem services provided by sea 
improving living conditions for coastal birds, notably in madagascar.  
11345 1 ing of dms production by this important phytoplankton group.  
14555 1 udies. many vertebrates, and especially birds, develop conspicuous sex-specific secondary sexua 
10755 1  largest single freshwater reservoir of bacteria on the earth s surface. the total bacterial ce 
14580 6 d dynamics of the bacterioplankton, the phytoplankton and the zooplankton during an annual cycl 
erioplankton, the phytoplankton and the zooplankton during an annual cycle under different envi 
nic groups. the role of the mixotrophic phytoplankton will be specially analysed. these organis 
so analyse the relationship between the zooplankton size structure and the degree of the commun 
es of the structure of the plankton and benthos due to the production and the fish predation.  
d benthos due to the production and the fish predation.  
2140 2                                         arthropods of tropical forests constitute the dominant  
est the hypothesis that 2/3 of tropical arthropods lives in the canopy. it is one of the first  
7683 1 etter understanding of the evolution of coral reefs ecosystems in the context of global changes 
14105 17 erally suggested that the strength of a fish year-class is determined by the availability of pl 
gh mortality is well known among larval fish. the diet of fish larvae is determined by their ga 
ll known among larval fish. the diet of fish larvae is determined by their gape and prey size a 
hem an available food source for larval fish.despite the growing number of publications on the  
e cascading effect of the planktivorous fish to the microbial loop components. the majority of  
 and therefore easily decomposed in the fish gut. thus, protist ingestion may have been neglect 
lties in describing the gut contents of fish larvae, due to a high degree of decomposition of t 
 with the direct protist consumption by fish larvae in natural environment. to our knowledge th 
method to study the role of protists as fish larvae food. we hypothesize that in the freshwater 
that in the freshwater lakes the larval fish may feed on protozoan prey at rates that potential 
 proportion of protozoan prey in larval fish diet in different water bodies. 2.to find out is t 
otozoan consumption depending on larval fish species/age. 3.to find out the key factors determi 
 importance of protozoan prey in larval fish diets. 4.to determine the effect of larval fish fe 
ts. 4.to determine the effect of larval fish feeding on the microbial loop and classical food w 
 proportion of protozoan prey in larval fish diet we are going to sample larval fish in various 
fish diet we are going to sample larval fish in various lake types. to assess the effect of lar 
e types. to assess the effect of larval fish feeding on the microbial loop and classical food w 
10628 3 and losers tend to go on losing so bold fish experiencing a succession of defeats may become mo 
 of defeats may become more shy and shy fish repeatedly being the victor may become more bold.  
gy demands to determine if a hungry shy fish is willing to take risks in the presence of a pred 
2205 1 ation of many aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans and molluscs is already today strictl 
12540 4 everal groups of plant pests/pathogens: insects, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, fungi for which  
oups of plant pests/pathogens: insects, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, fungi for which taqman pc 
/pathogens: insects, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, fungi for which taqman pcrs are available. v 
 insects, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, fungi for which taqman pcrs are available. validated pr 
11184 4 the respiration rates in micro and meso-zooplankton will be measured when fed phytoplankton pre 
o-zooplankton will be measured when fed phytoplankton prey of high and low n:c in limiting and  
unts. the rate of cn consumption and of zooplankton-cn population growth will also be determine 
data for parameterising newly developed zooplankton models. the implications of these processes 
9833 1 ding systems are most commonly found in insects determine what the energetic costs are of helpi 
11020 2                       the importance of earthworms in the processing of soil organic matter of  
w dimension to the understanding of how earthworms affect the breakdown of organic matter, how  
10711 2  catch them unawares. for example, crab spiders can blend in with their background and record t 
record their behaviour. we would expect bees that have experience of predators to fly more caut 
11141 7 itats for declining plants, pollinating insects and birds. all new developments in major cities 
clining plants, pollinating insects and birds. all new developments in major cities like london 
y, so when the roof is constructed soil invertebrates are likely to be absent and the microbial 
to 1 characterise the community of soil invertebrates and microbes in roofs of different age, t 
 present, and 2 to add mixtures of soil bacteria and fungi, to determine if a sustainable micro 
 2 to add mixtures of soil bacteria and fungi, to determine if a sustainable microbial communit 
nique that is culture-independent. soil invertebrates and we will also construct a new roof, wi 
11227 1 tion to some natural ecosystems such as coral reefs. even europe experiences changed weather pa 
9895 1 tion to some natural ecosystems such as coral reefs. even europe experiences changed weather pa 
14128 2 chnologically important substances with bacteria is growing target in several commercial sector 
 studied, fast and cheaply cultivatable bacteria that is favourable to use as a production syst 
11871 8  occasionally lethal sting. jack jumper ants are also unusual in that very closely related spec 
 explore the genomes of closely related ants that have far more chromosomes; in one case as man 
 18-32 pairs. although we know that the ants have different chromosome numbers, we know almost  
han m. croslandi to allow us to ask: do ants with more chromosomes have more dna overall, or do 
 the same amount into smaller pieces do ants with more chromosomes have more junk or repetitive 
sed in future work to determine whether ants with different chromosome numbers can interbreed.  
rent chromosome numbers can interbreed. ants are highly diverse and important components of alm 
he evolution and diversification of the ants, and also of genome and chromosome evolution in ot 
10576 1  structure and ecology of shallow water coral reefs. this occurs through the physical destructi 
10021 2  colonization of freshwater habitats by fish since rivers and lakes all date from the end of th 
n understanding how the biodiversity of fish populations arises and how it may be conserved for 
11034 2 ryozoans, or moss-animals, are colonial invertebrates found predominantly in marine environment 
 of biomineralized skeletons in aquatic invertebrates and their possible secondary loss when co 
10718 1 es of languages, pottery, and human gut bacteria suggest that farmers in taiwan began heading s 
11422 1 es of languages, pottery, and human gut bacteria suggest that farmers in taiwan began heading s 
10785 1 ins spectacular fossils of small marine invertebrates that lived about 425 million years ago, d 
11065 1 ins spectacular fossils of small marine invertebrates that lived about 425 million years ago, d 
11833 1 ins spectacular fossils of small marine invertebrates that lived about 425 million years ago, d 
7164 5              . . the rich procession of parasitoids, all general practitioners and indigenous,  
e to be found in the search behavior of parasitoids, which do not seem attracted to the plant i 
tions under which a biotic control with parasitoids would be more effective. a combination of n 
 is primarily to increase the number of parasitoids on alternative miners to create an independ 
. the potentially devastating effect of parasitoids from the horse chestnut leaf miner on the d 
11180 1  iron concentrations released by marine bacteria. it is essential that iron data are of high qu 
2012 1 ays as well as the influence of benthic macrofauna will be studied to obtain an integrated view 
13795 1  baltic sea, its food web structure and fish stocks in order to develop and test regime shift i 
11642 2                                         cyanobacteria numerically dominate the tropical and sub 
y, flow cytometry, molecular ecology of cyanobacteria combined with terrestrial background skil 
11488 1 the photosynthetic picoplankton. marine cyanobacteria of the closely-related genera prochloroco 
6826 1  on the social behaviour of animals. in birds, most studies investigate how genetic relatedness 
10655 7                                         phytoplankton form the base of the marine food chain. m 
the base of the marine food chain. most phytoplankton are benign and indeed positively benefiti 
ir prouction of toxic substances. these phytoplankton are often called harmful algal blooms or  
led harmful algal blooms or habs. toxic phytoplankton may be ingested by filter feeding shellfi 
lness may occur. monitoring programs of phytoplankton and shellfish flesh act as a means of min 
s that are not fully understood harmful phytoplankton and theor toxins are perceived to be on t 
epresentatives with expertise in hamful phytoplankton and their effects. the worshop will allow 
11583 7                                         phytoplankton form the base of the marine food chain. m 
the base of the marine food chain. most phytoplankton are benign and indeed positively benefiti 
ir prouction of toxic substances. these phytoplankton are often called harmful algal blooms or  
led harmful algal blooms or habs. toxic phytoplankton may be ingested by filter feeding shellfi 
lness may occur. monitoring programs of phytoplankton and shellfish flesh act as a means of min 
s that are not fully understood harmful phytoplankton and their toxins are perceived to be on t 
epresentatives with expertise in hamful phytoplankton and their effects. the worshop will allow 
193 12 roject innovatively combines methods of fish biology studies and novel sociological approaches  
ficiencies in sustainable management of fish resources and at the same time management strategi 
ke peipsi has been a water body rich in fish production. however, during 20th century the total 
 caused drastic increase in pressure on fish resources of l. peipsi forming potential risk to t 
local livelihood. furthermore, valuable fish resources of the lake are under the threat of anth 
o not correspond to the recent state of fish stocks. the influence of the interactions of these 
of the interactions of these factors on fish community is investigated insufficiently. moreover 
wn; therefore, the proper assessment of fish stocks is hindered. as local fishing dependent com 
agement decisions. though, the state of fish stock, its managements implications on local well- 
s in clarifying on how the state of the fish community is affected by the interactions of envir 
d their motivation for participating in fish resources management. fishing pressure of winterti 
ecting estonian interests in preventing fish stock degradation and ensuring stability of the vu 
162 5 ader species feed predominately on soil invertebrates, especially earthworms and insects, the i 
ately on soil invertebrates, especially earthworms and insects, the investigation will be focus 
nvertebrates, especially earthworms and insects, the investigation will be focused on these com 
titution, abundance and biomass of soil invertebrates communities. at the same time, we assume  
methods, will also be carried out. soil invertebrates and microbial communities will be studied 
15296 1 in objective proposes to use crustacean zooplankton for studying the relative importance of sto 
13460 3  completely non-invasive tool to detect fish species communities . therefore no fishing gear ne 
ar needs to be used for identifying the fish species, a few milliliters of water will be enough 
to become necessary in ranges of future fish- and aquatic biodiversity management and research, 
14694 1        seahorses are distinctive marine fish which are affected by overexploitation and habitat 
14160 2 whether homing is typical to freshwater fish species. our expertise in studying the spatial and 
ral dynamics and migratory behaviour of fish, but also reproductive parameters and success as w 
11156 1  populations, from mites to mammals and birds, display such cyclic patterns. life history strat 
13759 1  european coastal systems – soft-bottom seagrass beds and hard-bottom macroalgal beds – for eco 
7296 1 species within functional groups. coral fish, diverse and highly structured assemblies, serve a 
13828 2 lience of the communities of saproxylic coleoptera and, a severely neglected group of insects,  
tera and, a severely neglected group of insects, saproxylic parasitic wasps to disturbance resu 
13734 3                                         invertebrates lack adaptive immunity and have to rely o 
l how virus affect the immune system in invertebrates and specifically how a virus infection af 
is known about how virus interacts with invertebrates and their immune system and it is hoped t 
10256 1 baculoviruses are pathogens that infect arthropods, especially butterflies and moths, and these 
11267 1 baculoviruses are pathogens that infect arthropods, especially butterflies and moths, and these 
10500 3 tly improved after having been mixed by earthworms. our aim in the proposed study is to demonst 
 simulated landfill biocover containing earthworms can be used to eliminate lge. through the us 
derstanding of the interactions between earthworms and the active microorganisms in a landfill  
10740 3 tly improved after having been mixed by earthworms. our aim in the proposed study is to demonst 
 simulated landfill biocover containing earthworms can be used to eliminate lge. through the us 
derstanding of the interactions between earthworms and the active microorganisms in a landfill  
11622 3 tly improved after having been mixed by earthworms. our aim in the proposed study is to demonst 
 simulated landfill biocover containing earthworms can be used to eliminate lge. through the us 
derstanding of the interactions between earthworms and the active microorganisms in a landfill  
10836 1               saprotrophic cord-forming fungi play a central role in n cycling in temperate for 
9968 1               saprotrophic cord-forming fungi play a central role in n cycling in temperate for 
15394 1 rimental and modeling approaches. using birds as model system, we will analyze the response to  
11296 1 leyi is a fast growing coccolithophorid phytoplankton species that forms calcium carbonate . wo 
15360 1 s to minimize irreversible impacts over seagrass meadows constituted by c. nodosa and its assoc 
12142 6 d studies of the impact of the invasive algae gonyostomum semen on vulnerability of the native  
nalysis of intraspecific populations of algae genome diversity influence on local species richn 
 dissolved organic matter and competing algae as nutrient sources by studding the growth of g.  
boratory experiments. the chronology of phytoplankton species composition their productivity an 
s of g. semen will be examined based on phytoplankton pigments, n, p and c amounts fluctuations 
synthesized bio-compounds , determining algae dominance and native species resistance will be c 
14968 11 ng-lived, resistant dormant propagules. zooplankton may produce resting eggs, which maintain it 
f biodiversity, genetic variability and zooplankton dispersal. the consequences of zooplankton  
plankton dispersal. the consequences of zooplankton dispersal on lake communities and egg banks 
icient studying the mechanisms by which zooplankton move between habitats. several factors are  
bitats. several factors are involved in zooplankton dispersal, such us wind, rain, water flow a 
ain, water flow and waterfowl. studying zooplankton dispersal, we may know the relative importa 
tics. to evaluate the efficiency of the zooplankton dispersal, it is important to indicate that 
e to evaluate that viability. moreover, zooplankton dispersal interacts with local adaptation e 
evaluation of the dispersal capacity of zooplankton resting eggs by wind, rain, water flow, and 
e the differences in life strategies of zooplankton species as a function of its dispersal abil 
for the active communities. in summary, zooplankton resting eggs are an interesting tool to stu 
13824 3 ns unanswered. has the restored pelagic zooplankton community any resemblance with the bio-dive 
ty in the past. by analysing remains of zooplankton and zooplanktivores in sediment cores we th 
 we think it is possible to reconstruct zooplankton bio-diversity in the past to be able to jud 
6867 2 ed with significant death in the marine benthos. after the anoxic event in the upper part of th 
en-level in the seas. the return of the benthos-fauna occurred rather selective. in the sequenc 
13928 3 rganism groups such as vascular plants, insects, birds and fungi.  
roups such as vascular plants, insects, birds and fungi.  
 as vascular plants, insects, birds and fungi.  
13531 3 rganism groups such as vascular plants, insects, birds and fungi.  
roups such as vascular plants, insects, birds and fungi.  
 as vascular plants, insects, birds and fungi.  
12350 1 ructures: 1.the likely reefs effects on fish, shellfish and other marine biota 2.the potential  
12240 1 s project for sampling entomopathogenic fungi and oomycete pathogens.  
10216 3 ystems. this highlights that grazing by zooplankton is disproportionally important and competit 
zers is high. it is not surprising that phytoplankton have evolved mechanisms to protect themse 
epods in relationship to the ability of phytoplankton to make dms. these data will enable a fir 
10925 3 ystems. this highlights that grazing by zooplankton is disproportionally important and competit 
zers is high. it is not surprising that phytoplankton have evolved mechanisms to protect themse 
epods in relationship to the ability of phytoplankton to make dms. these data will enable a fir 
13882 1  differences in feedbacks control which fish will mature or not.  
10790 1                       methane-oxidizing bacteria , although three other mbs have been partially 
11250 1 ition-dependent plumage pigmentation in birds. mirnas will be identified that show substantial  
11253 1 ition-dependent plumage pigmentation in birds. mirnas will be identified that show substantial  
11482 1 ition-dependent plumage pigmentation in birds. mirnas will be identified that show substantial  
11792 1 ition-dependent plumage pigmentation in birds. mirnas will be identified that show substantial  
11276 1 e up of tiny microscopic plants, termed phytoplankton because they photosynthesise leaked out o 
529 2 ides the basic food resources for these birds. thus the griffon vulture, species that has alway 
ld have on the populations of scavenger birds. - an eco-ethological approach on the impact that 
14485 2 tem resistance to biological invasions. ants has been chosen as the indicator taxonomic group,  
f potential biological contamination by ants is actually unknown .  
7116 1 most of the resources consumed by these birds. and the griffon vulture, species always present  
219 1 fecundity, it is hard to understand why insects do not evolve towards larger body sizes. a pote 
12564 1 tand the distribution of other keystone fish species. key customer purpose: investigate salmon  
2462 2 n important problem both in relation to fish farming and to the conservation of wild salmonids. 
n lice eggs in the sea come from farmed fish. the majority of salmon lice have therefore change 
7623 2 ntribute. in this context, we know that earthworms contribute to many critical services for pla 
the aim of this project is to show that earthworms can be used as control agent against foot ro 
13585 3 ce populations of aquatic animals, e.g. fish, amphibians and crustaceans. i plan to study the t 
fic aims: affecting particular types of fish and to which extent the fish community is influenc 
r types of fish and to which extent the fish community is influencing which types of saprolegni 
15428 2 logical alteration of schist induced by lichens. 5.- to evaluate and compare the success of dif 
 laser radiation, in the elimination of lichens colonizing schist, and their potential impacts  
2466 2 tantly related organisms, which are the cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, spanning two kingdom 
hesis of psts have been identified from cyanobacteria. this new information will be used as a b 
12180 1 land fallow to encourage ground-nesting birds may leave the land susceptible to nitrate leachin 
14622 3 be used as microbial indicators of this bacteria. an study of the prevalence of different strai 
protozoa that can be parasitated by the bacteria, as hartanmella and acanthomoeba and bacteria  
ia, as hartanmella and acanthomoeba and bacteria such as flavobacterium; b those micro organism 
13787 3 eractions between commercial fisheries, fish stocks and natural predators, since seabirds often 
base with the fisheries. changes in the fish stocks may have effects on all life stages of fish 
 may have effects on all life stages of fish predators. the response will partly be determined  
11105 2 ies and conservation. in many migratory birds, parents migrate independently of their offspring 
rmine the wintering habitat of breeding birds. understanding these settlement decisions will al 
11434 2 ies and conservation. in many migratory birds, parents migrate independently of their offspring 
rmine the wintering habitat of breeding birds. understanding these settlement decisions will al 
14613 4 be compared with those from the primary parasitoids and the hosts. this way we pretend to evalu 
s, in order to observe if the secondary parasitoids evolve together with the primary parasitoid 
itoids evolve together with the primary parasitoids and/or the principal hosts. with all this,  
pters, considering not only the primary parasitoids, but also the organisms that control these  
15292 5  within their uropygial gland symbiotic bacteria which are responsible of the production of sev 
which probably are due to the symbiotic bacteria, however the knowledge about this mutualistic  
d be protecting eggs against pathogenic bacteria, given that females cover eggs in secretion so 
 by hoopoes from their interaction with bacteria living within their gland by checking the effe 
 for vertical transmission of symbiotic bacteria to developing embryos.  
13949 1 ttom trawling is used to catch demersal fish species such as cod, a process that causes substan 
14728 2 ariation in plants where animals act as pollinators and seed dispersers is markedly structured  
 markers and their dependence on animal pollinator and seed dispersers for successful recruitme 
14226 1 ype and distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi as possible food sources is foreseen. working thr 
10515 4                                         insects make up the vast majority of animal biodiversit 
ced by being more likely to be eaten by birds. secondly, we urgently need to improve our unders 
hange, and for this, we need studies of insects as well as vertebrates. four years ago we began 
e very few studies of the lives of wild invertebrates so even major questions like this remain  
9999 4                                         insects make up the vast majority of animal biodiversit 
ced by being more likely to be eaten by birds. secondly, we urgently need to improve our unders 
hange, and for this, we need studies of insects as well as vertebrates. four years ago we began 
e very few studies of the lives of wild invertebrates so even major questions like this remain  
13832 5  aim of the project is to elucidate how parasitoid females localize and identify bark beetle br 
acked tree and land on this tree; 3 the parasitoid female should localize and identify the bark 
noterpenes and aromatics, can guide the parasitoid females through phases 1 and 2. this project 
ives information of which compounds the parasitoid females can identify, while the combined gas 
the bark beetle brood that attracts the parasitoid females.  
10283 1 re dominated by microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, which drive all global biogeochem 
10307 3 uite a simple one, which charms the sea birds in distant seas, which makes tiny shrimps tumble  
ys in which different species of marine bacteria can undertake these reactions. so, we now wish 
keup of these intriguing, and important bacteria so that we can unravel just what lies behind t 
10562 3 uite a simple one, which charms the sea birds in distant seas, which makes tiny shrimps tumble  
ys in which different species of marine bacteria can undertake these reactions. so, we now wish 
keup of these intriguing, and important bacteria so that we can unravel just what lies behind t 
11323 3 uite a simple one, which charms the sea birds in distant seas, which makes tiny shrimps tumble  
ys in which different species of marine bacteria can undertake these reactions. so, we now wish 
keup of these intriguing, and important bacteria so that we can unravel just what lies behind t 
441 2 ns were mostly controlled by changes in phytoplankton biomass and/or composition and this was o 
 and every two or three days during the phytoplankton blooms. the location of the mola station  
10209 1 in this economically-important group of fish pathogens.  
11089 1 . fishes in marine environments such as coral reefs also exhibit high diversity which is associ 
10080 3 or females to reduce the risk of dying. bacteria, viruses and other natural enemies of animals  
females at fighting disease. studies of insects are important. they can reveal a lot about the  
her animals, including mammals, because insects share some of the devices used by mammals to co 
10856 1 ch sperm fail. post-mating isolation in birds is likely to be important in speciation and this  
11332 1 s in a wide range of marine animals and algae. there is widespread concern from scientists, pol 
180 3 asonal and annual changes of plants and algae in the rivers at all. considering the importance  
rtance of the vegetation for fishes and invertebrates as a habitat and shelter, it was presumed 
understanding of the role of plants and algae in the rivers. the results of the project will be 
7535 2 at pyoverdines, major siderophore these bacteria are remarkable taxonomic markers: all strains  
p define the genetic diversity of these bacteria  
13857 5 the influence of benthic life stages on phytoplankton dynamics. export of aquacultural products 
r techniques to determine the source of phytoplankton blooms. in mesocosms, we will study the i 
 influence of resting stage addition to phytoplankton community development. molecular methods  
 microsatellite loci in a bloom forming phytoplankton species. we will obtain genetic fingerpri 
ic coupling and the factors controlling phytoplankton blooms.  
15071 1 the key innovations in the evolution of insects, which influenced decisively in the dramatic di 
11212 1 groups of predatory plankton, including fish, decapods/mysids, jellyfish and cephalopods.  
11483 1 lve over a matter of days. furthermore, bacteria can be stored in suspended animation in a free 
10492 1  use an insect system, because although insects are extensively used as models in sexual select 
14206 1 physiological ecology and demography in birds and mammals. twenty-eight females of five groups  
15166 2                                     the fungi represent one of the poorest known kingdoms. so f 
 reconstructed the evolutionary tree of fungi structure.  
14174 1 egies of meadows recolonization by soil invertebrates and the spatial structure of soil communi 
13867 2 e soil that provides a signature for am fungi, its measurement can provide an indication of the 
indication of the overall biomass of am fungi. furthermore, by tracking c to this compound by s 
14490 1 phytes . the fate of seeds collected by ants and the probability of germination and seedling su 
14909 1  is a reproductive biology study of two earthworms species, group in which sexual hermaphroditi 
12405 1 e effects of such underwater noise upon fish, gathered in natural or semi-natural conditions, i 
10556 12 known how this variation is maintained. invertebrates, and many vertebrates, primarily use chem 
addition to alarm and trail pheromones. ants are among the most dominant animals in the world a 
aining tens to millions of individuals. ants comprise five of the world s top seventeen most co 
 world s top seventeen most costly pest insects. despite their importance as both beneficial an 
yer that coats the outer surface of all insects. very recently this has been confirmed by demon 
carbons found on the surface of formica ants are indeed used in nest mate recognition. we will  
several of its close relatives. formica ants are a keystone ant genus, comprising over 160 spec 
ding the well-known mound-building wood ants and thus are one of the best studied groups of ins 
s are one of the best studied groups of insects. therefore, there is already a vast wealth of c 
ince of recognition systems not only in ants but in many species of insects since the chemicals 
not only in ants but in many species of insects since the chemicals we are investigating are sy 
stigating are synthesised by almost all invertebrates.  
11286 12 known how this variation is maintained. invertebrates, and many vertebrates, primarily use chem 
addition to alarm and trail pheromones. ants are among the most dominant animals in the world a 
aining tens to millions of individuals. ants comprise five of the world s top seventeen most co 
 world s top seventeen most costly pest insects. despite their importance as both beneficial an 
yer that coats the outer surface of all insects. very recently this has been confirmed by demon 
carbons found on the surface of formica ants are indeed used in nest mate recognition. we will  
several of its close relatives. formica ants are a keystone ant genus, comprising over 160 spec 
ding the well-known mound-building wood ants and thus are one of the best studied groups of ins 
s are one of the best studied groups of insects. therefore, there is already a vast wealth of c 
ince of recognition systems not only in ants but in many species of insects since the chemicals 
not only in ants but in many species of insects since the chemicals we are investigating are sy 
stigating are synthesised by almost all invertebrates.  
13536 1 n act as dispersal corridors for flying insects as butterflies and bumblebees and thus have an  
2113 1 nvironments at the alaska department of fish and game, fairbanks, where i plan to stay for a 10 
11510 3 t i can compare the interaction between bacteria and phage in nature with results from controll 
ment influences the coevolution between bacteria and phage and how infection by phage influence 
nfluences the amount of damage that the bacteria cause to their plant host. this work will be c 
2507 2 oral dynamics of growth and survival of fish larvae through their first months. this insight wi 
tion effects of oil-caused mortality of fish larvae.  
11626 2 ceans, particularly among shallow-water invertebrates, is often extremely high. understanding h 
speciation in marine broadcast spawning invertebrates 2 geography of speciation - does the rate 
15159 1  opportune. the case studies are marine fish with contrasting speciation model and timing: merl 
2465 3 more than 100.000 fungal species exist, fungi are largely missing in the speciation debate. spe 
 and plants and little is known whether fungi conform to general models of speciation. four dif 
be an important speciation mechanism in fungi. the importance of hybridization and reinforcemen 
10808 2 es; for example the decline in farmland birds or the increasing rarity of many plants and insec 
he increasing rarity of many plants and insects. however, each species does not exist in isolat 
14771 1 parasitic species infecting the running birds, or ratites, has been brought to light only in th 
12567 3 olicy customers on the implications for fish stocks and fish welfare. the principal concern is  
on the implications for fish stocks and fish welfare. the principal concern is the unregulated  
ices and the conservation of freshwater fish populations, including rare and endangered species 
7317 7                                         pollinators form a key component of european biodiversi 
 declines in both wild and domesticated pollinators, and parallel declines in plants relying up 
sk, develop a red list of some european pollinator groups, in particular bees and lay the groun 
ropean pollinator groups, in particular bees and lay the groundwork for future pollinator monit 
 bees and lay the groundwork for future pollinator monitoring programmes. we will also assess t 
gical and economic impacts of declining pollinator services and floral resources, including eff 
and potential mitigation of declines in pollinator services at local, national, continental and 
13352 7                                         pollinators form a key component of european biodiversi 
 declines in both wild and domesticated pollinators, and parallel declines in plants relying up 
sk, develop a red list of some european pollinator groups, in particular bees and lay the groun 
ropean pollinator groups, in particular bees and lay the groundwork for future pollinator monit 
 bees and lay the groundwork for future pollinator monitoring programmes. we will also assess t 
gical and economic impacts of declining pollinator services and floral resources, including eff 
and potential mitigation of declines in pollinator services at local, national, continental and 
14750 3                     cleptoparasites and parasitoids constitute the most important natural enemi 
le activity; the female response to the parasitoid presence in the nesting area; the influence  
uctive behaviour on the activity of the parasitoid; the influence of aggregation on the parasit 
10803 3                                         cyanobacteria procedure would be carried out using actu 
pose a hazard from the production toxic cyanobacteria and model the influence of climate change 
 of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria production in lakes. a critical question  
11241 3                                         cyanobacteria procedure would be carried out using actu 
pose a hazard from the production toxic cyanobacteria and model the influence of climate change 
 of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria production in lakes. a critical question  
11768 3                                         cyanobacteria procedure would be carried out using actu 
pose a hazard from the production toxic cyanobacteria and model the influence of climate change 
 of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria production in lakes. a critical question  
11851 3                                         cyanobacteria procedure would be carried out using actu 
pose a hazard from the production toxic cyanobacteria and model the influence of climate change 
 of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria production in lakes. a critical question  
11783 3                                         cyanobacteria procedure would be carried out using actu 
pose a hazard from the production toxic cyanobacteria and model the influence of climate change 
 of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria production in lakes. a critical question  
15253 2 this species is probably the freshwater fish most widespread worldwide, studies along the river 
ment of river flows in a region rich in fish endemics.  
13846 1                   artificial rearing of fish destined for deliberate release into the natural e 
14207 1 d aquatic environments. studies linking macrophytes community composition and bacterial communi 
10799 2            we rely on the services that bacteria provide to digest our food, to breakdown pollu 
inning to understand how communities of bacteria operate. there is good reason why this is the  
14915 1 to interact with native supergeneralist pollinators than with others that visit with only a few 
14610 10 d web methodology to the study of plant-pollinator interactions. these studies have revealed a  
reme specialists than expected if plant-pollinator relationships were randomly structured. thes 
is to describe the structure of a plant-pollinator web and study some of its properties. we wil 
ructure of the web. in surveys of plant-pollinator interactions, rare species appear necessaril 
ng pollen grains from the bodies of the pollinators, which will allow us to cover a longer segm 
pared to direct of observation of plant-pollinator contacts. we will also incorporate measures  
fectiveness as a crude estimate of each pollinators contribution to the fitness of the plant sp 
certain ecological factors to the plant-pollinator structure observed. first, we will analyze s 
ith the principle of the most effective pollinator, plants with complex floral morphologies exh 
a smaller proportion from non-effective pollinators.  
15124 7 f in the selective pressures exerted by pollinators. however, contrary to the theoretical expec 
ract with random subsets of the overall pollinator pool. we think that the generalization degre 
ctors would attract different subset of pollinators, and plants showing different values of tho 
traits would share similar subgroups of pollinators. these inter-individual differences could p 
 of interaction among the plant and its pollinators, a phenomenon that we call structured gener 
 in subgroups of plants sharing similar pollinators . the main aim of this project is to explor 
project is to explore the occurrence of pollinator-mediated structured generalization, the fact 
7628 1 es heavily involved in the evolution of bacteria, allowing them to meet many stresses, includin 
7505 1                   seabream is an iconic fish from the languedoc -roussillon region with an unde 
15336 1  know the degree of isolation among the fish populations inhabiting deep sea ecosystems and the 
15034 7 some disinfecting process. however, the bacteria overcomes this barrier and is able to multiply 
 the main one is the own biology of the bacteria. legionella resists more extremely physic-chem 
ver, this resistance increases when the bacteria is found as an endosymbiont of protozoa, which 
, although ecological studies show that bacteria is normally found in biofilms. legionella is u 
moeba or naegleria, inside of which the bacteria can multiply. so, to control colonitation and  
 methods on legionella, either when the bacteria is a free-living cells or associated to other  
. the susceptibility of the free-living bacteria, protozoa endosymbionts and asociated to a bio 
14884 2 ot abundant, but several populations of birds maintain a high abundance and diversity of infect 
on by different blood parasite lines in birds in relation with transmission of these parasites  
7521 1 dization introgressive were observed in birds, particularly following the introduction in the m 
6932 1 urtles, lizards, crocodiles, dinosaurs, birds and pterosaurs. the goal of this project is to co 
14584 1 consisting of slowly growing calcareous algae and, for this reason, it is very sensitive to the 
14144 1                                study on fish assemblages and the fishing efficiency of gear in  
14998 1  the typical reproductive mode in these insects. the environmental factor determining it is the 
197 3                     the distribution of phytoplankton in water bodies where densities of organi 
minated by potentially toxic species of phytoplankton. the main goal of the project is to estim 
roject is to estimate the extent of the phytoplankton/chlorophyll a subsurface maxima layers in 
7431 3 marine environment"for his expertise on algae and ifremer, particularly under the interreg prog 
he project focuses on systems ' benthic macrofauna, ' kelp forest ' planktonic and nektonic upo 
st ' planktonic and nektonic upon which birds and marine mammals. more specifically, it focuses 
2460 1             sandeels are small eel-like fish that is laterally compressed and without swimbladd 
11412 7 irds of our major food plants depend on pollinators, and honey and beeswax produced by wild and 
swax produced by wild and managed honey bees and stingless bees is an important source of food  
ld and managed honey bees and stingless bees is an important source of food and income worldwid 
ly causing declines in wild and managed bees around the world, suggesting that the pollination  
llination and food services provided by pollinators might be under threat. indeed recent eviden 
 suggests that the expansion in area of pollinator-dependent crops is outstripping the availabi 
ops is outstripping the availability of pollinators. while in developed areas, we can diversify 
11495 7 irds of our major food plants depend on pollinators, and honey and beeswax produced by wild and 
swax produced by wild and managed honey bees and stingless bees is an important source of food  
ld and managed honey bees and stingless bees is an important source of food and income worldwid 
ly causing declines in wild and managed bees around the world, suggesting that the pollination  
llination and food services provided by pollinators might be under threat. indeed recent eviden 
 suggests that the expansion in area of pollinator-dependent crops is outstripping the availabi 
ops is outstripping the availability of pollinators. while in developed areas, we can diversify 
13813 2 focal organisms are epiphytic pendulous lichens to changes in microclimate. the economy of part 
 effects of partial cutting by sampling lichens in old experimental plots in vilhelmina model f 
12159 1 nd to quantify the impact of grazing on invertebrates, and on the growth of cattle.  
11688 1 ove forests provide them with firewood, fish, medicines and protection from floods and coastal  
11617 1 icrobial consortia via emerging aquatic insects. resolving and elucidating connectivity among f 
11862 2 ed for interdisciplinary collaboration. insects have a huge impact on our health and economy. n 
 scientific tools to exploit beneficial insects and control pests. the conference is themed to  
14911 2 ed in the future with other families of apoidea. the results will imply a significant advance i 
s for the conservation of this group of insects, very well represented in the iberian peninsula 
14765 1 dex for iberian saline streams based on macroinvertebrates. the results on taxonomic and geneti 
14769 2 n a series of chosen iberian species of formicidae on the basis of three criteria: a species si 
the genetic mobile elements presents in formicidae.  
15036 2 es belonging to the genus trichuris are nematodes parasitizing the caecum of different hosts. t 
obvious tool for molecular diagnosis of nematodes. the goals we intend to cover in this project 
6884 1 ickly in this group of the neuropterous insects. the number of the undescribed species is high; 
11623 2 nd preserve this taxonomic expertise on zooplankton and to bring together the experts to enable 
ing two nerc marine productivity summer zooplankton courses and analysis work experience effort 
6783 1 ant but unknown species of the tropical insects has been collected yet. this statement is valid 
6848 1 pposedly extant species of the tropical insects has been collected yet. also the dipterous faun 
2165 6 dification of rivers and lakes, such as phytoplankton blooms, benthic algae, littoral invertebr 
, such as phytoplankton blooms, benthic algae, littoral invertebrates and fish. the project wil 
lankton blooms, benthic algae, littoral invertebrates and fish. the project will also include i 
nthic algae, littoral invertebrates and fish. the project will also include indicators for hydr 
ors for hydromorphological pressures on macrophytes, benthic fauna and fish. existing and new m 
sures on macrophytes, benthic fauna and fish. existing and new monitoring data will be compiled 
10220 2 imate affects the pattern of disease in insects from temperate regions. it should predict how c 
space, and also how disease patterns of insects may change in the uk following climate change.  
11430 2 imate affects the pattern of disease in insects from temperate regions. it should predict how c 
space, and also how disease patterns of insects may change in the uk following climate change.  
9902 2 imate affects the pattern of disease in insects from temperate regions. it should predict how c 
space, and also how disease patterns of insects may change when climate alters.  
10806 1 papers relating to the consequences for birds of conservation interventions. syntheses of the c 
11350 2 patio-temporal dynamics of saprotrophic fungi as they colonise populations of dispersed particu 
ted using published data for a range of fungi and experimental microcosms for saprotrophic spre 
10617 1 tested. replicate radiations of cichlid fish that evolved in several african lakes provide a un 
10585 3  and the evolution of social living. in fish, individuals that choose familiar schoolmates accr 
 conferring these benefits on declining fish stocks has important economic and conservation imp 
s affecting perception and cognition in fish. a strength of this work will be the use of a larg 
14847 3  concerning the search for new farmable fish species, sturgeon deserves special attention. it i 
in spain with strong commitment to this fish, working with the autochthonous species a. naccari 
utochthonous species a. naccarii is the fish farm sierra nevada, s.lof riofrio studies on respo 
14464 4  inspection agency, local fishermen and fish markets. measurement of the physical and chemical  
onitoring of the effect of the invasive fish species, direct application in the long-term natio 
assisting the stable development of the fish populations; establishment of criteria for ecologi 
e water basins, based on the indexes of fish populations condition according to the european wa 
9821 2 aim, which is to use pollen, spores and algae preserved in the sediments to uncover about the p 
 the fossil plant spores and pollen and algae which tell us about the environments surrounding  
11397 2 epends on the microhabitat in which the fish is living, so providing an explanation for the per 
tion and population structure, but also fish welfare and the design of husbandry regimes.  
10636 2           a number of species of marine phytoplankton produce natural biotoxins. filter feeding 
. filter feeding shellfish ingest these phytoplankton without any apparent negative effects. ho 
10793 5              long distance migration in birds is one of the world s most astonishing wildlife s 
behaviour influences the populations of birds that undertake these spectacular movements. for e 
lar movements. for example why can some birds migrate earlier than others, why do different pop 
 breed in different places, why do some birds manage to rear young while others do not these ar 
espect to the conservation of migratory birds, but they remain unanswered because of two proble 
12448 2 customer purpose: to provide details of phytoplankton variation over an extended time frame in  
tween cpr data and long-term changes in fish stocks and catch in order to develop new approache 
10467 2 logical diversity and standing stock of benthos in arctic and antarctic regions. seabed photogr 
the diversity and standing stock of the benthos in polar regions  
14135 4 that are environmental or pathogenic to fish. members of this group are abundant in both marine 
ium dna as well as sequencing of target bacteria in baltic sea. experimental approach will reve 
hological flexibility of flavobacterium bacteria in different nutrient and labile carbon gradie 
arbon gradients and grazing pressure by zooplankton.  
11481 5 eraction however, is not a disease. the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi , and this symbiosis is fo 
n-random association between plants and fungi is due to factors independent of the host/fungus  
of identifying individual roots and the fungi colonising them is to use dna testing to generate 
 plant and a fingerprint profile of the fungi that are colonising it. we will use this techniqu 
transition so that a map of the plants, fungi and soil properties can be constructed. the testi 
2034 1  biological analysis of the dynamics of fish stocks. this narrow focus has led to management st 
14465 1                          seagrasses and macroalgae are biological quality elements of the water 
15324 3 ated cases of small-scale radiations in fish, focusing on understanding the ecological and geog 
since this group of tropical freshwater fish seems to be prone to speciate. i will specifically 
etic species pairs, a frequent split in fish evolution, and follow the mode of natural selectio 
2024 4                         as individuals, bacteria are greatly underappreciated. by tradition, th 
explanation, such as the aggregation of bacteria on the leaf surface and the leaf-to-leaf varia 
ols for the interrogation of individual bacteria as they colonize the leaf surface. in a parall 
this work will expose key properties of bacteria and leaf surfaces that underlie the observed p 
11865 4 and it is often assumed that pathogenic bacteria die or become senescent outside mammalian or v 
ated to multicellular organisms than to bacteria. they play a key role in microbial food webs,  
role in microbial food webs, grazing on bacteria and recycling nutrients. protozoa also interac 
 nutrients. protozoa also interact with bacteria and viruses in more complex ways. species of t 
11683 11                                     the phytoplankton are a diverse group of single celled orga 
ht energy to chemical energy in oceans. phytoplankton thus form the basis of the marine food ch 
ortant that we understand what controls phytoplankton photosynthesis and ultimately how suscept 
p in understanding the global impact of phytoplankton is an accurate measure of the amount of c 
e of the amount of carbon they take up. phytoplankton carbon fixation can be reasonably well ap 
tes. however, a simplistic treatment of phytoplankton carbon fixation simply as pigment multipl 
 light ignores important variability in phytoplankton physiology. indeed, the efficiency with w 
logy. indeed, the efficiency with which phytoplankton convert the light they absorb into carbon 
ic aspect of unexplained variability in phytoplankton photosynthesis in a range of environments 
ous measurements of the overall rate of phytoplankton light absorption and the rate of carbon f 
curacy of our current best estimates of phytoplankton carbon fixation.  
15141 2 wever, have long overlooked mygalomorph spiders due to their secretive habits and challenging t 
ng taxonomy. the promising use of these spiders as bioindicators is therefore not fully develop 
13595 3 te change and variability affect marine fish population dynamics. we will study the effect of a 
 mortality and environmental factors on fish demography and population dynamics. the relative e 
d vendace in the baltic sea and several fish species in skagerrak and kattegat. by making use o 
14161 1 o nutrients are measured regularly. the soil microorganisms and microbiological activity is mea 
6951 1 eneration, forest herbs, bryophytes and birds have been carried out. in the framework of this p 
12702 1 rt internationally important numbers of birds as climate changes.  
2082 1 hastic population ecology and data from birds, mammals and marine fishes the project will study 
13820 5  parasitism, improve the fitness of the parasitoids own natural enemies, then this would impact 
loral subsidies on the fitness of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids and on insect communit 
re not available. in field experiments, insects will be marked with rubidium when feeding from  
ricultural fields. we will then capture parasitoids and hyperparasitoids within and at differen 
asitism rate of both aphids and primary parasitoids varies with distance from the nectar source 
10346 1 ng these to samples collected from wild birds in combination with field experiments we will: es 
14837 3 ure and very limited food resources. in insects typical morphological changes are the reduction 
ting the development. in holometabolous insects the hormones regulating the embryonic, larval a 
mones has been done for a wide range of insects, including beetles, such profiles of hormone le 
10530 1  oceans or living on the seafloor - the fish, shellfish, sea urchins, starfish, corals and plan 
10121 1 stort host sex ratios are widespread in invertebrates. the effect of sex ratio distorters can h 
11048 1 stort host sex ratios are widespread in invertebrates. the effect of sex ratio distorters can h 
11567 1 stort host sex ratios are widespread in invertebrates. the effect of sex ratio distorters can h 
14554 1  be the first case in which the role of parasitoids in favouring the evolution of parental care 
10853 1 r rate will be applicable to studies of birds of prey elsewhere in the world. the research will 
11580 3 also link the 13c-labelled ch4 to other soil microorganisms that utilise the carbon from methan 
 covers the site. it is well known that bacteria in the landfill cover soils oxidise a large pr 
following consumption by methanotrophic bacteria in the soil. the final type of soils that will 
11343 3  the enigmatic and gigantic pachycormid fish leedsichthys problematicus prove to be the anterio 
prove to be the anterior portion of the fish and include elements of the shoulder girdle, pecto 
n of this gigantic middle jurassic bony fish.  
10672 2 firstly study a long-term change in the zooplankton of the north sea and secondly to assess the 
study of temporal and spatial change in fish populations. the results will be relevant to marin 
10926 1                                         phytoplankton form the base of the food web in marine e 
10698 5 oscopic plants in the oceans, including phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, play an important r 
rm storage reservoir. the growth of the phytoplankton and bacterioplankton is very slow, especi 
utrients is essential for the growth of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton as they receive only 
n nutrient supply by dust and growth by phytoplankton and bacterioplankton. the study will ther 
ust on the growth of oceanic plants and bacteria, and how the sporadic nature of the dust input 
11316 1 es can be used to improve the health of coral reefs.  
12568 2 wn to adversely affect other diadromous fish species at sensitive stages in their lives. ices h 
own to adversly affect other diadromous fish species on the prioritisation of future management 
11195 1 its parasites, one a virus, the other a parasitoid wasp. the environment can be varied by chang 
11822 2 e monitored to detect a response of the phytoplankton to added iron, and to identify which if a 
he addition. the different responses of phytoplankton communities at the surface and dcm will d 
11553 2  antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria, carried on highly mobile dna elements which c 
stance gene-transfer from environmental bacteria to clinically important strains is proving to  
175 3 species groups are explored: saproxylic fungi and beetles, lichens, bryophytes, vascular plants 
explored: saproxylic fungi and beetles, lichens, bryophytes, vascular plants and birds. the mai 
ichens, bryophytes, vascular plants and birds. the main results will be published in internatio 
12686 1 keets on populations of native woodland birds in the uk, either through direct interaction or t 
11077 2  will combine molecular analyses of the fungi to determine how the populations change with time 
r organisms can be translated into soil fungi, and will increase our understanding of the funct 
13975 3 this project is to assess the impact of fish introduction on diversity and process rates in aqu 
 i will also test non-lethal effects of fish on decomposition processes. i will determine how m 
se our knowledge of the consequences of fish stocking and also species invasions on diversity a 
1954 1 n patches that offer a larger reward to pollinators. on the total population level, plants with 
15516 2 phedra fragilis are pollinated by wind, insects and lizards, and dispersed by birds and lizards 
, insects and lizards, and dispersed by birds and lizards, with the contribution of these polli 
10772 1 temporal gene flow in taxa ranging from zooplankton and plants to microbes, and a mechanistic b 
10997 1 temporal gene flow in taxa ranging from zooplankton and plants to microbes, and a mechanistic b 
9969 1 temporal gene flow in taxa ranging from zooplankton and plants to microbes, and a mechanistic b 
6997 1             up to now, the knowledge of lichens of the tibetan region has been rather poor. man 
11289 1 ution of many behaviours and traits. in birds, for example, sexual conflict, parent-offspring c 
10888 6 g wood for fuel and timber, habitat for fish, birds and invertebrates and physical protection a 
 for fuel and timber, habitat for fish, birds and invertebrates and physical protection against 
and timber, habitat for fish, birds and invertebrates and physical protection against shore ero 
ve ecosystem such as the communities of fish and crabs that live there. 2 to determine the sour 
s fringed by a coral reef, and contains seagrass beds and mangrove forests. gazi village next t 
 the effects of the cutting on crab and fish communities, and on the ability of the mangrove fo 
6999 4 lack of investigations concerning virus-bacteria interactions in those sediments. this leads to 
centrate on i predation of prototzoa on bacteria and protozoan driven remineralization, or else 
role of virus induced lysis of sediment bacteria and is the viral impact a controlling force fo 
ts do not remove significant amounts of bacteria, and iv what is the role of benthic meiofauna  
10830 1                         ectomycorrhizal fungi ensheath the roots of our major tree species and  
11515 1  breakdown of arsenic-rich fe-respiring bacteria without the need to culture them. finally, so  
9862 1  breakdown of arsenic-rich fe-respiring bacteria without the need to culture them. finally, so  
2475 4 e life history strategies of individual fish determine their growth potential and reproductive  
non of skipped spawning, whereby mature fish skip one or more of their spawning opportunities,  
 dynamics and productivity of exploited fish stocks as caused by changes in age-at-maturity. qu 
y models indicate that highly exploited fish stocks have undergone evolutionary change due to t 
13863 2 ly impacts the overall ability of these insects to detect both humans and animals. as such, an  
 olfactory signal transduction in these insects will provide additional and crucial insight int 
14522 4 lations between plants and phitophagous insects allow us to realize an approach of different pa 
between plants, phitophagous and theirs parasitoids.the project deals with the study of the rel 
mining flies, their first and secondary parasitoids, even a taxonomic point of view than biolog 
to reproductive organ, makes agromyzide-parasitoid complex a good pattern for the study of coev 
10069 1 m the other dimensions, typically using birds as model organisms. here we propose a unique proj 
10350 1 m the other dimensions, typically using birds as model organisms. here we propose a unique proj 
13782 4 er, the physiological role of leptin in fish is virtually unknown, as the existence/structure o 
 unknown, as the existence/structure of fish leptin has until recently been unknown. we have ra 
esearch tools; including the first ever fish leptin ria. this allows for a three-way research a 
e physiological functions for leptin in fish are discovered, this is of fundamental importance  
2151 5 d barents seas, focusing on the role of zooplankton. zooplankton, constituting the food for e.g 
s, focusing on the role of zooplankton. zooplankton, constituting the food for e.g. herring, ca 
the project is to investigate if or how zooplankton may modulate the effect of an oil spill on  
 modulate the effect of an oil spill on fish stocks. the core element of the project is to exte 
le the leo project primarily focuses on fish, oil and climate, this new project extends the wor 
13463 3 reatment effects on communities of soil fungi, using high throughput sequencing of marker gene  
zal decline in turn affects free-living fungi. furthermore, we will test if em diversity may be 
g and diversity impact. by analysing em fungi on seedlings planted in the experimental plots, w 
15236 1 sms will be approached. microorganisms, bacteria and archaea, will be identified and their phys 
10484 2 nic carbonate production by marine bony fish. these all ingest seawater and are now known to al 
n combined with new estimates of global fish biomass, it is clear that it makes a major contrib 
14170 9 ototrophy and heterotrophy enables some phytoplankton species to use organic nutrient pools, au 
nd that they are important consumers of bacteria and small phytoplankton in the marine plankton 
portant consumers of bacteria and small phytoplankton in the marine plankton. the grazing by pr 
rowth of their prey, both heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic cells . the main goals are to  
n goals are to study the variability of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton community structure  
mmunity structure and trophic status of phytoplankton in space and time, and to demonstrate in  
composition and nutritional strategy of phytoplankton can be connected with the available inorg 
uence of changes in nutritional mode of phytoplankton to the abundance of bacteria, picoplankto 
de of phytoplankton to the abundance of bacteria, picoplankton and nanoflagellates. we hypothes 
11879 1 llows and a £1.3 million grant on urban pollinators led by memmott. at the somerset wildlife tr 
11472 3 genic sulphur may be cycled between the algae and bacteria and quantitatively affect the growth 
hur may be cycled between the algae and bacteria and quantitatively affect the growth rate of d 
ffect the growth rate of dmsp-producing phytoplankton.  
14933 3 nd in the taxonomic difficulty of these insects.this project pretend to evaluate the real capac 
 to evaluate the real capacity of these invertebrates to respond to the changes that take place 
omposition and morphology of cuticle of insects that, in advantage to other employed techniques 
10143 1 ant animal species such as plant eating insects and many disease-causing parasites are so speci 
10410 1 ant animal species such as plant eating insects and many disease-causing parasites are so speci 
11196 1 olution spatial survey of bacterial and phytoplankton groups. these will be quantified by shipb 
10353 1 periment will use related and unrelated fish to examine the influence of genetic relatedness an 
14112 14 in wild animals and on the influence of bacteria on their hosts has long been hindered because  
e investigation of interactions between bacteria and their hosts would enable us to better unde 
vailable evidence suggests that plumage bacteria may play an important role in shaping the life 
e in shaping the life histories of wild birds. several bacteria are capable of degrading feathe 
e life histories of wild birds. several bacteria are capable of degrading feather keratine and  
atine and causing damage to plumage, so birds have to put considerable effort into self-preenin 
eening. on the other hand, many feather bacteria are known to produce antimicrobial substances  
ng eggs from infections with pathogenic bacteria. however, knowledge about the factors determin 
ing the load and species composition of bacteria on bird plumage, and about the fitness consequ 
out the fitness consequences of feather bacteria on their hosts, is still extremely scarce. in  
mblages inhabiting the plumage of adult birds, and relationships with adult condition, provisio 
e possible causal relationships between bacteria and variations in the reproductive parameters  
tions in the reproductive parameters of birds. the latest molecular and microbiological techniq 
be used to identify and count different bacteria species in samples.  
14217 5                                   plant-pollinator interactions are crucial in the functioning  
 by altering plant traits important for pollinators, and consequently, how these effects are tr 
lative effects of floral herbivores and pollinators on individual plant fitness and quantify th 
ctive pressure by floral herbivores and pollinators on flower traits. based on simultaneous ana 
servation strategies for rare plant and pollinator species.  
14616 3 presence of mapk cascades in intertidal macroalgae, and its role on the regulation of environme 
ss response. the election of intertidal macroalgae to develop this project is not banal, becaus 
 stress must be well developed in these algae. we support our hypothesis in our previous result 
10480 1 he homestream, including those of other fish in the population, particularly during the period  
13923 1 ls and costly irrigation. isolating the bacteria from the rhizosphere of wild barley, grown und 
11023 13 me to tiny single celled plants, called phytoplankton, which form the base of the marine food c 
n. despite their tiny size, the ocean s phytoplankton perform as much photosynthesis in a year  
e are thousands of different species of phytoplankton and each have unique characteristics, or  
s important to understand why different phytoplankton species flourish in some parts of the oce 
e particularly important for sustaining fish stocks, and some are toxic to marine mammals and e 
ed understanding of the distribution of phytoplankton species in the ocean will therefore enabl 
hange in the future, and ultimately how phytoplankton may impact climate change. unlike land pl 
act climate change. unlike land plants, phytoplankton are obviously never short of water, but t 
lable light vary throughout the oceans, phytoplankton species may be particularly well-suited t 
. pigments also need to be built by the phytoplankton as they grow and each type of pigment req 
 of pigments contained within different phytoplankton species not only influence the amount of  
w the pigment combinations of different phytoplankton species affect where they grow in the oce 
nderstanding of the factors influencing phytoplankton distributions, the models will enable us  
9801 4 ooperate with the prolific community of bacteria and fungi that live in, on and around their ro 
 the prolific community of bacteria and fungi that live in, on and around their roots. these or 
ource for soil microbes. in return, the bacteria and fungi play a crucial role in providing the 
l microbes. in return, the bacteria and fungi play a crucial role in providing the plants with  
14877 2  this project is to study the effect of pollinator shifts on morphological variations of flower 
d with an increase of the efficiency of pollinators in pollen transfer between stylar morphs.  
14878 3  this project is to study the effect of pollinator shifts on morphological variations of flower 
f the effect of differently specialized insects acting in different species, or even due to the 
ies, or even due to the virtual lack of pollinators.  
11238 1 the royal society for the protection of birds, the botanical society of the british isles, butt 
14772 2 the structure of amphibians, micro- and macroinvertebrates and macrophytes in temporary ponds,  
ians, micro- and macroinvertebrates and macrophytes in temporary ponds, in relation to the temp 
11033 2                                  marine cyanobacteria . this will allow us to see if phages in  
ich benefit the symbiotic nature of the cyanobacteria. as the cyanobacterium is also thought to 
11028 7 develops. of great interest is the role bacteria play in the life cycle of ulva. we have shown  
ffusible signal molecules. in addition, bacteria are known to be important for the growth and m 
al development of ulva. plantlets where bacteria have been removed do not exhibit normal morpho 
 is to examine the relationship between bacteria and ulva, focusing on the hypothesis that the  
he hypothesis that the signal-producing bacteria that are targeted during zoospore settlement a 
h into a mature plant. we will identify bacteria and bacterially-derived cues used by ulva for  
n growth and development. the effect of bacteria and their signal molecules on sporulation will 
407 2 chyspira spp. cause enteric diseases in birds. dogs can harbour several different variants of b 
ng other species, wild and domesticated birds to try to understand their significance for patho 
10631 3  diverse group of organisms forming the phytoplankton represents just 2% of global photosynthet 
f of annual global carbon fixation. the phytoplankton can be divided into different functional  
ze categories have been adopted for the phytoplankton: picoplankton maintained by cefas.  
10538 3 recent years, mostly for the remarkable birds and dinosaurs with feathers. the biota occurs in  
ediments, and organisms include plants, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and  
tebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. the nature and causes of the excepti 
14142 1 gations of the state of main commercial fish spawning grounds and elaboration of proposals for  
15491 1 thern spain, and use montane and alpine birds as study models. this project, by linking spatial 
10606 2 dification and resource productivity on pollinator-parasite community structure will be studied 
ood webs of flowering plants, bumblebee pollinators and their parasites will be constructed for 
12529 1                                         bees make an essential contribution to agriculture and  
10874 1 hem exotic parasites. as the introduced bees frequently interact with native bumblebee populati 
2531 5 ptions, and predicted egg-production of zooplankton. this culminates in a spatio-temporal map o 
ement is the development of trait-based phytoplankton model of the spring bloom. the approach t 
archicus, the main food item for larval fish, developed by geir huse and colleagues at imr. the 
f suitable food availability for larval fish along the coast. we then bring these pieces togeth 
ting models of energy usage in parental fish, yielding an optimal state-dependent migration inv 
2170 6                                         fungi that live hidden inside plant tissues without cau 
and appear to be ubiquitous. endophytic fungi are sources of biologically active secondary meta 
remarkably high diversity of endophytic fungi in boreal forest bryophytes. nothing of this imme 
secondary metabolites by the endophytic fungi protect the bryophytes from being consumed by her 
dary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi are proven to be commercially important in pharma 
hich are not produced by plants, but by fungi.  
13888 2 ed by benthic subsidies in which mobile fish may play a key role. the aim with this proposal is 
this proposal is to examine the role of fish for coupling food web dynamics across habitats by  
10786 3 ; indeed for the first 2 billion years, bacteria were the only living things on the planet. the 
low other life forms to develop. today, bacteria continue to be very important for the health o 
aps surprising how little we know about bacteria and archaea so that they can be manipulated. w 
11848 3 ; indeed for the first 2 billion years, bacteria were the only living things on the planet. the 
low other life forms to develop. today, bacteria continue to be very important for the health o 
aps surprising how little we know about bacteria and archaea so that they can be manipulated. w 
2157 3                         blooms of toxic cyanobacteria are a main consequence of freshwater eutr 
 efforts, the bloom forming capacity of cyanobacteria, their high competitive strength, and the 
l require effective management of toxic cyanobacteria. the present project embarks on a new str 
13977 8                         ectomycorrhizal fungi are essential for the uptake of nutrients by bore 
f nutrients by boreal forest trees. the fungi also form a major component of the biodiversity w 
 1100 species recorded from sweden. the fungi are very sensitive to changes in the soil environ 
ining a deeper understanding of why the fungi react so strongly to n fertilisation and the over 
sity and functioning of ectomycorrhizal fungi with a view to minimising negative impacts. the p 
within the trees. the potential for the fungi to acidify the soil during nitrate uptake was rec 
on upon the population structure of ecm fungi have been overlooked and this will be examined by 
 in negatively- and positively-affected fungi. the final part of the project will synthesise cu 
2509 3                                   toxic algae; taxonomy, quantification and early warning. toxa 
map the spatial distribution of harmful algae in norwegian waters, including the norwegian and  
ters and science. monitoring of harmful algae in coastal waters is important in assessing the p 
15307 3  that is closely connected to toxicity. cyanobacteria, ubiquitous primary producers, are emergi 
espond to a great number of pollutants. cyanobacteria, as primary producers with a key role in  
strains of self-luminescent recombinant cyanobacteria derived from the filamentous, nitrogen- f 
11437 5 ility for herbivores and the latter for parasitoids may be influenced by the availability of tr 
t three trophic levels for several host parasitoid systems. i will test the hypothesis that zn  
 to be most limiting for both hosts and parasitoids because they are required above physiologic 
nges and host utilisation strategies of parasitoids. comparison of parasitised and non-parasiti 
r host metal budgets are manipulated by parasitoids.  
2482 1 iomass functional groups; typically two phytoplankton , or alternatively, structured models of  
15226 1 etween mhc composition and diversity of birds and their survival. the global objective of this  
13872 2                               migratory birds wintering in tropical africa are each year bringi 
ng in the blood of the tropical migrant birds and abundance of presumably suitable vectors. the 
12450 2 the abundance and distribution of young fish, shellfish and epibenthos in inshore habitats, col 
as since the 1970s as part of the young fish survey. key customer purpose assess how the status 
7266 3  mutual interactions between plants and ants. taking into account a third partner, a fungus tha 
 account a third partner, a fungus that ants handle to construct a trap, we want to verify the  
existence of a specific fongiculture by ants and quantify trophic roles that this fungus could  
11548 1 ent advances in oxygen stable isotopes, phytoplankton photo-physiology and analytical chemistry 
11757 3 ill be determined for components of the zooplankton food chain collected during phase 2 marine  
ination of nair signatures in preserved zooplankton enabling a future interpretation of cpr rec 
eses concerning the trophic activity of zooplankton and the only method covering meaningful per 
11288 5 onditions of low oxygen concentrations, bacteria can use sulphur to fix carbon for energy. this 
is is known as chemosynthesis and these bacteria also provide a potential food source for the s 
 source for the sediment community. the bacteria can be free living, or can form mats on the se 
rations is likely to be critical to the benthos and any perturbation may lead to a shift in com 
ime, but where there was falls of jelly fish were absent.  
14517 6 d a clear trophic limitation of benthic macroinvertebrates, particularly over periods of lower  
gest that the autotrofic energy flow to macroinvertebrates might be limited by several constrai 
ion of deciduous leaf litter on benthic macroinvertebrates, comparing forested headwater stream 
ive limitation of leaf litter inputs to macroinvertebrates, comparing the two types of streams; 
ualitative limitation of the biofilm to macroinvertebrates in the semi-arid headwater streams.  
limitation imposed by base resources to macroinvertebrates in the two types of headwater stream 
14467 2 bution of biological quality elements – phytoplankton and aquatic macrophytes along the trophic 
ty elements – phytoplankton and aquatic macrophytes along the trophic gradient in selected wate 
10545 2 oceanic food chain. the energy fixed by phytoplankton is transferred to grazers and to higher c 
rganic matter , the biochemistry of the zooplankton and larger animals living in the deep sea a 
12384 1  programmes. to date working groups for fish, ocean function and human activities have been est 
12052 2 d to develop the use of microorganisms, bacteria and fungi in degraded sites reclamation, notab 
the use of microorganisms, bacteria and fungi in degraded sites reclamation, notably in the fra 
205 2 ect for the study of the development of fish fauna at different evolutionary stages of the balt 
 course of that project the fragmentary fish material collected from postglacial sediments from 
10400 1 s of immunity and disease resistance in insects. longer-term, we hope to gain a more complete u 
10133 3  start affecting other coastal breeding birds such as cormorant, eider duck, herring gull and f 
and thereby suppressing ground breeding birds and native vegetation. the reasons for this rapid 
e mallow are being mimicked: guano from birds will be added, and the vegetation disturbed just  
14189 1 ral selection at some optimal value. in insects, the benefits of high growth rate are easy to s 
14895 2 ple of such complexity involves pelagic birds, which act as privileged indicators of marine hab 
versity that provides a raw database of birds observations over oceans from 1999 to the present 
10624 2   in recent years the potential for ecm fungi to influence forest carbon cycles has become clea 
e will study carbon partitioning of ecm fungi with contrasting ecology in pure culture over a r 
12680 2 undance of farmland, woodland and water birds. it will make recommendations for land use policy 
 range and population seize of breeding birds.  
11281 6 arophytes transition from macrophyte to phytoplankton dominance. a decline in charophyte specie 
ess leads to an encroachment of elodeid macrophytes, characterised by sub-decadal oscillations  
 marl precipitation. finally, submerged macrophytes are displaced by phytoplankton populations  
 submerged macrophytes are displaced by phytoplankton populations concomitant with the total ce 
nt cover with associated alterations in zooplankton, invertebrate and fish populations. it is e 
ations in zooplankton, invertebrate and fish populations. it is expected that the main findings 
13927 4                  unicellular planktonic cyanobacteria have in the last decade been discovered a 
t unicellular, pico- and nanoplanktonic cyanobacteria, may be abundant during summer months in  
 co-developed with larger bloom forming cyanobacteria such as nodularia, and may be responsible 
ogical function that marine unicellular cyanobacteria play in biogeochemical cycles in the balt 
1964 2 mous, and that only less than 1% of all bacteria in nature have been isolated in pure cultures. 
 the sulfur cycle, the sulfate reducing bacteria. for this purpose we will apply a polyphasic a 
10313 1 udy of epigenetic regulation of in wild birds - i.e., showing whether results from laboratory s 
9877 1 is method we will identify which of the fungi in ericaceous hair roots are potentially mycorrhi 
10579 1 eproductive development and function in fish.  
11555 3 r within them. we now think that marine zooplankton, their excreted faecal material and other s 
ch using different approaches including phytoplankton culture studies, zooplankton grazing expe 
ncluding phytoplankton culture studies, zooplankton grazing experiments, sediment trap studies, 
15526 9 s. at the same time, iberian freshwater fish form a highly imperiled group, with many endemic s 
most frequently cited pressures driving fish to imperilment in the iberian peninsula, due to di 
ian peninsula, due to direct impacts on fish and their habitat and to their facilitating role f 
 role for the establishment of invasive fish. there is an urgent need to integrate human demand 
 on river ecosystems, focusing on river fish communities; and ii the development of useful tool 
rvoirs in the characteristics of stream fish communities, their temporal dynamics and the popul 
ts of different pressures on freshwater fish has used correlative approaches. with this proposa 
w characteristics that are relevant for fish ecology in a mediterranean context, especially the 
different characteristics of freshwater fish communities, including the dominance of invasive s 
13744 2 t factors affecting urban biodiversity. birds will be surveyed from may to august in >500 urban 
e, reproductive success of hole-nesting birds will be investigated along an urban to rural grad 
10542 1 brate communities. the habitat supports birds of conservation interest and is of high landscape 
11770 1                      fishing for marine fish and shellfish can damage the sea-bottom and the an 
9941 10               recently, huge numbers of bacteria kilometres deep in the earth have been discove 
n the earth have been discovered. these bacteria may represent over 50% of all life on earth. b 
 but we know almost nothing about these bacteria as we can only grow a tiny fraction of them in 
ts contain most of these deep biosphere bacteria and here pressures are enormous over 300 times 
e have developed a system which enables bacteria to be consistently grown and studied under hig 
sure coring and handling system so that bacteria are never depressurised which should allow dee 
r depressurised which should allow deep bacteria not previously seen to be studied. this projec 
hat we can subsequently investigate the bacteria we enrich to find out what type they are, how  
ns of years old and may contain ancient bacteria. they may even be an environment where life on 
ht have started. so understanding these bacteria will not only tell us about life on earth it m 
15133 2                               among the fungi belonging to the group of the basidiomycetes and  
basidiomicetes, the so called white rot-fungi of wood, have developed an enzymatic system which 
7252 4 ting the high concentrations of co2 and algae, and conversely the low concentrations of co2 and 
rsely the low concentrations of co2 and algae, through traffic against -current. the use of a c 
ld be considered priority: animal feed, fish, food, soil improvement, crop protection,.... by s 
 the quality and quantity of protein in algae. according to the ways of development of biomass, 
14786 2 bilisation strategies will be assessed. fungi from heavy metal rich natural soils or contaminat 
and characterised. the effects of these fungi on the growth and heavy metal uptake of plants, c 
15250 3 engers, generalist predators as well as insects, bacteria and fungi. the amount of carcasses av 
eneralist predators as well as insects, bacteria and fungi. the amount of carcasses available f 
dators as well as insects, bacteria and fungi. the amount of carcasses available for scavengers 
13827 6  is a new and exciting way to answer if fish regulate their nutritional intake of energy by sel 
feeding behaviour and self-selection by fish diet, with recent development of a geometrical fra 
e used for testing new diets for farmed fish. the present project aim to test the nutritional w 
sdom in arctic charr by challenging the fish with different diets. by experimentally testing th 
do they balance unbalanced diets of the fish. the experiments are done on individual fish where 
 the experiments are done on individual fish where individual performance is considered and the 
12409 1 roup provided the uk with data on their birds between 2002-2006. the extra funding will provide 
10765 4  it. if wear does differ, as it does in fish teeth, this will provide a new way of increasing t 
tterns of tooth wear in benthic feeding fish differ from those of pelagic feeding fish and can  
sh differ from those of pelagic feeding fish and can be used to study changes in feeding in fos 
d to study changes in feeding in fossil fish. does the same apply to conodonts in order to find 
10248 2 will collect data and develop models of fish utilisation of lateral habitats in relation to hab 
gement of floodplain systems as regards fish communities.  
10453 2 will collect data and develop models of fish utilisation of lateral habitats in relation to hab 
gement of floodplain systems as regards fish communities.  
9989 2 will collect data and develop models of fish utilisation of lateral habitats in relation to hab 
gement of floodplain systems as regards fish communities.  
12197 1 success of a range of priority farmland birds in britain. the study will test two lenient cattl 
153 3 d relations how diversity of plants and insects are related to the riparian landscape diversity 
itat. 4. what are the relations between pollinators and the composition of plant communities an 
tween the environmental requirements of pollinators and landscape structure. as the result of t 
2496 1 internationally strong research team of fish population ecologists and geneticists, parasitolog 
2497 3 nd. a strong east-west gradient in both phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness makes a  
west gradient in both phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness makes a longitudinal trans 
al and molecular measures of phyto- and zooplankton biodiversity, and up-scaling by predictive  
2161 1 present project relates to a non-native fish species . investigations cover the developments of 
2166 5 reduction in relative fitness of farmed fish in the wild. to understand how natural selection i 
nced by continual immigration of farmed fish into wild populations, the effects of selection an 
g on the history of intrusion of farmed fish. the project aims at highlighting how the evolutio 
ntrasting levels of intrusion of farmed fish and from existing published data. using stochastic 
t that pure one-way migration of farmed fish into the wild makes this strongly dependent on the 
10324 1 ty in brachyraphis episopali a tropical fish. cognitive ability will be quantified and compared 
465 1  in two groups of dipteral bloodsucking insects reputed as dreadful vectors of human and animal 
13487 1 nated by dwarf-shrub species. parasitic fungi play a key role in these communities affecting sp 
7007 5 atively reproducing crustose lichenized fungi of neotropical lowland rain forests with the aim  
out biodiversity of tropical lichenized fungi, as detailed data on sterile crustose epiphytic l 
iled data on sterile crustose epiphytic lichens will become available for the first time for ca 
se corticolous vegetatively reproducing lichens of tropical lowland rain forests are among the  
 forests are among the most badly known lichens on the world, although they are very common and 
7594 1                               aeromonas bacteria that colonize kind of water habitats are divid 
15237 4 tivorous trawling bat, which feeds upon fish to varying degrees, at least in some areas and/or  
es, but seasonally they prey largely on birds, as revealed in several studies published in the  
. capaccinii use echolocation to detect fish, or they rely on other senses as vision or touch.  
ow a specific flying pattern adapted to fish. and thirdly, from an ecological point of view we  
144 1 ed specimens of agnathans, and selected fish groups will be studied and a large number of chara 
9888 2 decade mean it is now feasible to study insects and other small animals in their natural habita 
tomate individual recognition of tagged invertebrates and other small animals in the wild. the  
7267 1 re very different eukaryotic viruses or bacteria morphologically and genomics  
2463 6                                         phytoplankton, accounting for less than 1% of the earth 
 two such mechanisms: 1 lysis of marine phytoplankton caused by viral infection and 2 programme 
ng of mortality mechanisms in different phytoplankton species and thereby gain a better underst 
gain a better understanding of why some phytoplankton species form extensive blooms whereas oth 
and understanding harmful algal blooms, fish-and shellfish farming, e.g. detection of fish- and 
nd shellfish farming, e.g. detection of fish- and/or shellfish pathogenic agents.  
11720 2  dominated by very small, single celled cyanobacteria, which are referred to as the photosynthe 
 viruses that can infect and kill these cyanobacteria and as a result control the abundance and 
1983 1              the scientific research on phytoplankton diversity has gained much interest the la 
10601 3                                  marine phytoplankton are central players in global carbon fixa 
y transfer. consequently, the causes of phytoplankton mortality have important biogeochemical a 
routes for primary production by marine phytoplankton are release of dissolved organic matter . 
11607 3 suit-dive foraging performance in these birds. knowledge of these factors will be combined with 
ases of the perceived conflicts between fish eating birds and human economic interests and info 
perceived conflicts between fish eating birds and human economic interests and inform their man 
15119 1 ped biofilm algal community and grazing macroinvertebrates feeding on in drough periods to defi 
2510 1 lineage, including bryophytes and green algae. identification of calapin and dek1 function in k 
12155 1 line in recent decades of u.k. farmland birds is well documented and has led to a public servic 
13851 2 his summer. previous analyses show that parasitoids is an important mortality factor contributi 
lopment of the populations of moths and parasitoids over the current population peak.  
11136 2 in this project, i will examine whether phytoplankton use volatile chemical cues in analogous t 
alogous tritrophic interactions. marine algae produce several classes of biogenic gases such as 
11860 1 re a unique group of microscopic marine algae that produce small scales of caco3 needed for gro 
13937 17 ere is growing evidence that changes in zooplankton population abundance and biodiversity are r 
sity are responsible for the decreasing fish stocks in the baltic sea. zooplankton abundance an 
creasing fish stocks in the baltic sea. zooplankton abundance and growth rates are directly lin 
e directly linked to the variability in fish recruitment, and consequently in fish population a 
n fish recruitment, and consequently in fish population abundance and condition. despite this,  
 abundance and condition. despite this, zooplankton studies have been largely neglected in swed 
 the period of most dramatic changes in fish stocks. we will complete and summarize zooplankton 
 stocks. we will complete and summarize zooplankton data focusing on 3 interrelated questions:  
ocusing on 3 interrelated questions: is zooplankton decline, if any, influenced by fish predati 
plankton decline, if any, influenced by fish predation. to answer these questions, we will exam 
answer these questions, we will examine zooplankton stocks, biodiversity and growth rates in si 
cently developed biochemical method for zooplankton growth assessment. relating zooplankton dyn 
zooplankton growth assessment. relating zooplankton dynamics to fish stocks will provide unders 
sment. relating zooplankton dynamics to fish stocks will provide understanding of zooplankton-f 
sh stocks will provide understanding of zooplankton-fish linkage in western baltic, a prerequis 
ll provide understanding of zooplankton-fish linkage in western baltic, a prerequisite for ecos 
 prerequisite for ecosystem approach to fish management.  
10658 10 . the numbers of the rare and protected fish, the arctic charr, have also declined dramatically 
ade leading to greater predation on the zooplankton, which in turn has reduced the algae from c 
plankton, which in turn has reduced the algae from control by their grazer. we will also test w 
tion with roach, since both feed on the zooplankton. we are in a unique position to assess the  
ta, analysis of the historical archived fish and zooplankton samples, identification of food so 
sis of the historical archived fish and zooplankton samples, identification of food sources of  
cation of food sources of the different fish populations and food-web structure using stable is 
 stable isotope analysis and studies of fish gut contents, hydroacoustic analysis to estimate f 
nts, hydroacoustic analysis to estimate fish density and location and modelling to estimate roa 
ing to estimate roach ecological niche, zooplankton grazing and algal growth. the project is re 
9901 10 . the numbers of the rare and protected fish, the arctic charr, have also declined dramatically 
ade leading to greater predation on the zooplankton, which in turn has reduced the algae from c 
plankton, which in turn has reduced the algae from control by their grazer. we will also test w 
tion with roach, since both feed on the zooplankton. we are in a unique position to assess the  
ta, analysis of the historical archived fish and zooplankton samples, identification of food so 
sis of the historical archived fish and zooplankton samples, identification of food sources of  
cation of food sources of the different fish populations and food-web structure using stable is 
 stable isotope analysis and studies of fish gut contents, hydroacoustic analysis to estimate f 
nts, hydroacoustic analysis to estimate fish density and location and modelling to estimate roa 
ing to estimate roach ecological niche, zooplankton grazing and algal growth. the project is re 
10122 1 calcifying coccolithophores. haptophyte algae accumulate two principal compatible solutes, the  
14468 1 nd fungicide effect on different groups fungi. the determination of the metabolite profiles of  
13483 3                   winter performance in fish is of major importance for geographical distributi 
 in winter conditions on top consumers –fish in laboratory, estimating foraging abilities, diet 
r conditions and resource production on fish population dynamics is analysed using models param 
12170 2 f different types of set-aside land for birds, both in terms of providing food resources in win 
tudy will use information on density of birds in different farmland habitats to estimate the re 
15075 1  dispersal and colonization patterns of zooplankton in shallow lagoons on a local scale  
190 3 els of marine ecosystems. first data on zooplankton in the gulf of riga date back to early 1900 
w ii. one of the most recent aspects in zooplankton studies has been its long-term dynamics and 
man-mediated invasion of alien species. zooplankton plays an essential role in performance of t