Id	Number of occurences	Forms
7186	2	modified crepidula on the succession of phytoplankton species, and pelagic drift system was the   society, if the proliferation of green algae brand spirits throughout the coast of Brittany, i
7279	1	tudy of physical environments and their fish communities to better understand the mechanisms re
7300	1	flowering plants is mainly provided by insects mutualistic relationships with more or less spe
7428	1	presence of notable species of lowland birds, classified otherwise vulnerable zone under the n
7558	1	t allow the genetic characterization of bacteria, but no nest especially outperforms other nor
7560	2	Nematodes are abundant and various organizations in all  e soil ecosystem. the structure of soil nematodes community turns out to be a relevant indicato
7609	2	is applied specifically to recover the bacteria from the indigenous microflora of a soil havin  icated in more proactive programs where bacteria selected for the interest of their properties
11864	1	g through irish and u.k. lakes, causing fish to rely more on terrestrial material. our proposal
7633	3	environmental bacteria have an almost unlimited reservoir of genetic   gely untapped because over 99% of these bacteria are not cultivable in vitro. new approaches ha  agenomic of extracting the dna of these bacteria directly from the environment and clone the ba
10022	3	of the tree-of-life, the holometabolan insects. we have already developed a set of bioinformat   the large number of available data for insects. we will also provide scripts to enable an iter   towards building the universal tree of insects.
7643	3	life traits or functions. taking coral fish communities as a model, we propose to investigate    to the changing patterns of coral reef fish communities following a decline of coral. this wor  the enormous potential of data on coral fish communities to address a broad range of assumption
11205	2	viral lysis of marine phytoplankton is recognised as playing a key role in gl  nvestigate the unique life histories of phytoplankton viruses and help resolve why marine micro
10807	5	han others. what controls the number of fish of each species at different sites like any specie   are difficult to estimate because most fish larvae are small, develop away from reefs, and are  udies on one or a few factors affecting fish populations, and this means it is possible to link  ce of key factors that affect different fish populations, and the interactions among them, mana  to place a marine reserve where lots of fish larvae arrive, or where there are large areas of n
11001	2	and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen  tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo
11003	2	and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen  tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo
11199	2	and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen  tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo
11517	2	and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen  tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo
11790	2	and marine vertebrate is parasitized by nematodes to examine the origins and maintenance of gen  tion. equally, populations of parasitic nematodes are genetically variable with consequences fo
10072	3	frequently referred to as being either phytoplankton . a key group of zooplankton are protozoo  g either phytoplankton . a key group of zooplankton are protozooplankton, which are singled cel  position and structure of bacterial and phytoplankton communities. because of the sheer abundan
13819	4	on in boreal forests. however, some ecm fungi respond positively to nitrogen additions. by comp   determine which characteristics of ecm fungi make them sensitive to fertilisation. this projec  irect effects of fertilization upon the fungi and indirect effects mediated through the tree re  ant sanctioning against inefficient ecm fungi will be investigated. identifying why ecm species
15372	1	tterns of two species of canopy-forming algae, himanthalia elongata and fucus serratus, at thei
13457	1	change. despite the known importance of soil microorganisms we lack knowledge of the mechanisms
10165	3	the project will use melanism in birds as a model system to investigate the genetics of   ly occurs as a polymorphic character in birds, i.e. melanic and non-melanic individuals co-exis  esponsible for all cases of melanism in birds, and whether dark plumage evolution through speci
15083	5	servoir of a huge number of microscopic fungi including the hyphomycetes. these moulds are the   s the asco- and basidiomycetes. most of fungi of biotechnological interest and important plant   d important plant and animal pathogenic fungi belong to them. it can be estimated that the rich  or knowledge of the spanish microscopic fungi we will develop a study of the soil and litter hy   isolate a representative number of the fungi grown using different techniques. they will be id
14715	5	servoir of a huge number of microscopic fungi including the hyphomycetes. these moulds are the   s the asco- and basidiomycetes. most of fungi of biotechnological interest and important plant   d important plant and animal pathogenic fungi belong to them. it can be estimated that the rich  or knowledge of the spanish microscopic fungi we will develop a study of the soil and litter hy   isolate a representative number of the fungi grown using different techniques. they will be id
10883	3	lant ecology, the microscopic nature of bacteria means we have virtually no understanding of wh  derstanding of what the major groups of bacteria, or their distributions, are within great brit  , are within great britain. critically, bacteria perform central roles in enhancing plant produ
2168	1	es and in a tri-trophic food chain with cyanobacteria or green alga d. magna zebrafish danio re
2546	4	latitudes. the trophodynamics of these algae are therefore of key importance for understanding   the quantitative knowledge about these algae as food for zooplankton and subsequent productivi  knowledge about these algae as food for zooplankton and subsequent productivity of higher troph  ic quantification of copepods and other zooplankton feeding on phaeocystis in situ. based on th
14225	2	o investigate life history evolution in insects in a phylogenetic framework, comparing geograph  understanding life history evolution in insects on a global scale. furthermore, this work will
10179	1	that converting phages of gram-negative bacteria are far more widespread in the environment tha
10284	1	model focused on commercially exploited fish in the northern european shelf , that are frequent
14667	2	publication of results about: calicioid lichens and fungi; pertusariales; rinodina, buellia and  of results about: calicioid lichens and fungi; pertusariales; rinodina, buellia and hafellia;cr
1979	1	now agree that in the case of migratory birds the carrying capacity of a non-breeding site can
11671	4	ocal population dynamics of some stream insects. understanding the factors that limit populatio  used on the aquatic, juvenile stages of insects, with considerably less attention devoted to th   may limit population size. many stream insects lay their eggs on the underside of stream rocks  population dynamics. information on how insects use emergent rocks, will be of use to river man
10280	1	leading to the formation of a layer of phytoplankton within the thermocline . this phenomenon
10553	1	leading to the formation of a layer of phytoplankton within the thermocline . this phenomenon
10522	2	network into a forecast system for lake phytoplankton behaviour and, in particular, to provide   ar, to provide warning for the onset of phytoplankton blooms. dst2: the effect of meteorology o
10752	2	network into a forecast system for lake phytoplankton behaviour and, in particular, to provide   ar, to provide warning for the onset of phytoplankton blooms. dst2: the effect of meteorology o
10756	2	network into a forecast system for lake phytoplankton behaviour and, in particular, to provide   ar, to provide warning for the onset of phytoplankton blooms. dst2: the effect of meteorology o
11807	2	network into a forecast system for lake phytoplankton behaviour and, in particular, to provide   ar, to provide warning for the onset of phytoplankton blooms. dst2: the effect of meteorology o
1992	1	rimental approach to test whether adult birds have indeed a short-term acoustic flexibility to
11554	4	ductive behaviour in many animals, from invertebrates to birds. parents construct nests as rece   in many animals, from invertebrates to birds. parents construct nests as receptacles for eggs   ity in the nest building behaviour of a fish, the 3-spined stickleback. male sticklebacks build  t extent the nest building behaviour of fish is adapted to their local environment, and to what
10709	1	distribution lags in an entire group of insects use models to examine the success of different
10053	1	how large populations of single-celled algae respond to different rates of environmental chang
15053	2	uence of the photosynthetic activity of algae, and they are also responsible of the greatest pa  ever, currently the knowledge regarding algae community of the tinto river and their role in th
13737	1	wn that both the taxonomic diversity of macroinvertebrates and the decomposition rate of leaf l
12067	3	opical zones, the shift of phytophagous insects from wild host-plants to crops constitutes an e  amining the impact of anthropization on insects affecting crops and humans, in order to better   n both academic and agricultural models insects will trigger a major advance in understanding t
2031	1	s due to global climate change. plants, insects and vertebrates respond differently to the incr
13839	1	e for identifying spatially distributed fish populations is today different kind of neutral gen
13780	1	ted as a molecular fitness indicator in fish. we use brown trout and coho salmon as model speci
2206	2	elop tools for the management of stream fish populations, and study the performance of an adapt  nce of an adaptive management of stream fish populations in close collaboration with managers f
14668	1	e shoulder girdle and the wing bones of birds, the human tibia, and the baculum of capromid rod
10753	2	r within them. we now think that marine zooplankton, their excreted faecal material and other s  erstanding of their location using card-fish and confocal microscopy. by combining these areas
9871	2	r within them. we now think that marine zooplankton, their excreted faecal material and other s  erstanding of their location using card-fish and confocal microscopy. by combining these areas
13608	7	uced weathering caused by exudates from bacteria-fungi-tree interactions, on macro-scale proces  hering caused by exudates from bacteria-fungi-tree interactions, on macro-scale processes, such  ycling in forest soils and tree growth. bacteria that enhance mycorrhiza formation and protect   s are commonly called mycorrhiza helper bacteria . the selection criteria of the bacterial stra   promote mineral dissolution as part of bacteria-fungi-tree symbiosis. an increased knowledge r  mineral dissolution as part of bacteria-fungi-tree symbiosis. an increased knowledge regarding   roduction of important ligands from mhb-fungi-tree interactions, as well as this interactions e
10688	1	luences on the pattern of senescence in birds. we plan to experimentally uncouple chronological
7051	6	pe complexity affect quantitative aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs on a species-speci  changes in food web interactions affect parasitoid aphid control. based on the fieldderived dat  riments will be conducted to assess how parasitoid diversity and identity affect parasitoid int  arasitoid diversity and identity affect parasitoid interactions and pest control, complementing  ork proposed here will take research on parasitoid aphid control one step further, as it will p  plant fertilization affects whole aphid-parasitoid food webs in both simple and complex landsca
7430	1	veral purposes: reservoir of beneficial insects, windbreak effect, enhancement of the landscape
7417	1	era aphid natural enemies of aphids and pollinators, linked to the type of grass cover on the s
13310	1	tal chemicals, biological invasions and pollinator loss in the context of current and future eu
15187	3	s project will study the benthic marine algae from sand-rocky habitats along the atlantic and c  ects cause the increase of turf-forming algae at the expense of canopy-forming seaweeds. some w  works have studied the algal turfs from coral reefs and subtidal habitats with high sedimentati
13593	1	cidating the effect of three introduced macroalgae on the swedish coastal ecosystem.
11101	1	e intrusions that have occurred in wild fish.
14416	3	alien arthropods impose enormous costs on agriculture, forest  threatened by the introduction of alien arthropods: long term study on effect of h. axiridis on  ll produce validated data base of alien arthropods of bulgaria published in internet. it will a
13743	2	blished between alien plants and native pollinators. first, a complete pollination network will  iment will be performed to estimate how pollinator visitation, seed set and seed size is affect
11186	1	and preparing management strategies for coral reefs.
10869	2	large colonies of animals such as birds and seals are frequently featured on television w  . we will also measure how much ammonia lichens have taken up and discover to what extent this
14274	1	tobservatoire océanologique de banuyls: phytoplankton taxonomy
12479	1	people, including goods like timber and fish, and services such as purifying water, pollinating
10079	2	logy in now able to explain and predict pollinator-mediated gene flow. the comprehensive model   l in developing a full understanding of pollinator-mediated gene flow and thus supporting accur
10041	4	the colourful displays of birds represent some of the most spectacular features i  als. carotenoids are not synthesized by birds , but are obtained from their diet, although they  rtant in carotenoid-based coloration in birds. the study group are the african widowbirds and q  onary basis of carotenoid coloration in birds that will be of very broad interest to behavioura
14848	1	ry of the group of fishes and benthonic invertebrates from the region, by mean of a compared ph
10052	2	lready shown that tio2 nps are toxic to fish, and in this one-year project we are concerned abo  he project brings together expertise on bacteria, sediment/metal chemistry, and the ecotoxicolo
14569	1	ontribution of the genetic diversity of soil microorganisms to the functioning of forest ecosys
15172	2	ogenetic and functional diversity of am fungi associated to the target plants. 3. to produce am  tate the succession of the different am fungi. this biotechnological development would be based
7596	1	ne i, head of sustainable resistance to nematodes, has been cloned and sequenced from prunus ce
14536	1	ecies concept obtained with our data to bacteria in general.
15143	1	ical diversity. by using aerial-nesting bees and wasps estimating the effect that small fragmen
14862	1	unctions as principal components of the benthos. advances in the knowledge of their biodiversit
9963	4	ive in social groups, such as shoals of fish, herds of zebra, and flocks of birds. much is know   of fish, herds of zebra, and flocks of birds. much is known about the benefits and costs of li   in the group. we now know that the way fish shoals or flocks of birds move together can be exp  w that the way fish shoals or flocks of birds move together can be explained by looking at the
1987	4	yearly, migratory birds travel between their wintering and breeding groun   number of distant stop-over sites. why birds use a particular route and follow a particular mi   what shapes long-distance migration in birds, to estimate consequences of potential environmen  cesses in the annual cycle of migratory birds including processes that show their effects in a
13600	2	data on community structure of arboreal ants and combine this with spatially explicit epiphyte    the process of the interaction between ants and plants, i will preform an experiment on the an
14417	4	ction investigations. the resistance of algae is connected with the efficiency of their repair   ive, light and temperature stress. some algae remain vital even at highest uv levels, and for t  e. in this aspect, the use of antarctic algae as model systems for creation of survival strateg  with other forms of stress in antarctic algae, as well as the creation of complex strategies to
10344	3	he supply of nitrogen and carbon to the bacteria and algae, how this is affected by the tempera  nitrogen and carbon to the bacteria and algae, how this is affected by the temperature and salt  nutrients, photosynthetic organisms and bacteria and look for specific chemical signatures of t
14708	7	symbiotic association with a species of bacteria is maintained inside the gland. such bacteria   ia is maintained inside the gland. such bacteria produce bacteriocins, substances with antimicr   of the relationship between hoopoe and bacteria, the mode of transmission of the symbiont amon  onships are widespread in nature within birds phylogeny. finally, since all upupiformes coincid   we will check whether all of them host bacteria, and how much variation exists in the bacteria  a, and how much variation exists in the bacteria taxons inhabiting the glands. the phylogenies   ting the glands. the phylogenies of the birds and the symbionts will be compared to gain insigh
14106	2	minance in field studies on free-living birds. research will be conducted on traditional study   finches and great tits, i.e., passerine birds with carotenoid-based plumage ornaments. hypothes
15333	6	global scale. due to the importance of ants in many ecosystems, the loss of native ants can ha   in many ecosystems, the loss of native ants can have important indirect effects. these include  lination, and even on vertebrate fauna. ants are considered to be a centre of ecological intera  ystems to evaluate the potential use of ants as bioindicadors. the response will be evaluated a  e impacts of the argentine ant on other arthropods and the factors contributing to its spread i  ty, based on the information offered by ants.
10465	3	arbour one or more of a series of other bacteria that have a variety of effects on their fitnes   fitness and performance. because these bacteria are not present in every aphid they are called  tance to parasitic wasps and pathogenic fungi, help the aphid withstand heat shock, and influen
9887	3	arbour one or more of a series of other bacteria that have a variety of effects on their fitnes   fitness and performance. because these bacteria are not present in every aphid they are called  tance to parasitic wasps and pathogenic fungi, help the aphid withstand heat shock, and influen
10922	1	ersistence and dynamics of a multi-host-parasitoid system. specifically, apparent competition i
15575	2	s been shown that the structure of host-parasitoid food webs can be strongly altered by habitat  uding agricultural pests, predatory and parasitoid natural enemies and their alternative prey/h
10603	10	recently, huge numbers of bacteria kilometres deep in the earth have been discove  n the earth have been discovered. these bacteria may represent over 50% of all life on earth. b   but we know almost nothing about these bacteria as we can only grow a tiny fraction of them in  ts contain most of these deep biosphere bacteria and here pressures are enormous over 300 times  e have developed a system which enables bacteria to be consistently grown and studied under hig  sure coring and handling system so that bacteria are never depressurised which should allow dee  r depressurised which should allow deep bacteria not previously seen to be studied. we will inv  o be studied. we will investigate these bacteria to find out what type they are, how they survi  ns of years old and may contain ancient bacteria. they may even be an environment where life on  ht have started. so understanding these bacteria will not only tell us about life on earth it m
10103	3	dent upon specialized associations with fungi in the soil. these fungi infect the germinating s  ociations with fungi in the soil. these fungi infect the germinating seeds and supply the young  p green pigments and are parasitic upon fungi. whilst this mode of nutrition has been known for
11558	1	ic link between jellyfish abundance and fish abundance this will be a very useful advance for m
6744	1	tivelly for a half century. breading of fungi-resistance, marketable grape species are importan
15219	1	many marine invertebrates present complex life cycles comprising se
12516	1	prey species. many species of predators/parasitoids occur naturally in crops and surrounding ve
11045	2	compromise the successful migration of fish from fw to sw environments and/or reduce the repro  or reduce the reproductive fecundity of fish returning to the sargasso sea.
11057	2	compromise the successful migration of fish from fw to sw environments and/or reduce the repro  or reduce the reproductive fecundity of fish returning to the sargasso s
14892	1	ing of biodiversity patterns of aquatic insects in a large latitudinal gradient with regions di
14108	1	arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi whole dna extraction from
11727	2	l fesem and sem, tem, removal of modern bacteria and simple incubation experiments with bacteri  wider implications for the detection of bacteria in the history of life on earth and other plan
10183	1	determine if bacterioplankton comprise bacteria that form important endocellular symbiotic rel
11453	2	ycorrhizal rather than rhizoctonia-type fungi and that the symbionts of these helleborine orchi  istance from putative co-hosts of these fungi enabling chronological analysis of germination an
11785	4	scribed, other important groups such as nematodes have been neglected. nematodes are the most a   such as nematodes have been neglected. nematodes are the most abundant multicellular organisms  ween 50-90% of the multicellular fauna. nematodes are ecologically important in marine sediment  s throughout littoral communities of uk nematodes and extrapolate this information to estimates
11636	1	ients for plant growth. the majority of soil microorganisms cannot be readily cultivated in the
10070	6	ectomycorrhizal fungi are essential symbiotic partners of the vast majo  e vast majority of temperate trees; the fungi play a critical role in plant nutrition by exchan  how the availability of ectomycorrhizal fungi affects the establishment of tree seedlings in na  ver the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi in lowland heaths and unravel the initial symbiot  logy approaches because ectomycorrhizal fungi are highly diverse and largely cryptic organisms;  to the study of british ectomycorrhizal fungi. our results will be broadly relevant because the
14952	1	armful ecological and economic effects. ants, by being ever-present and by their huge number, h
10163	7	coral reefs are under threat worldwide from a combinati  gion-wide shift from coral-dominated to algae-dominated reefs. these habitat changes, combined    have had a considerable impact on reef fish communities. the aim of this project is to compile  hed and unpublished information on reef fish abundance across the caribbean. using the same ana  patterns of change in abundance of reef fish and relate these to changes in habitat and fishing  s in altering the patterns of change in fish abundance, particularly for those species that are  changes that have occurred on caribbean coral reefs over the past 30 years.
11610	1	s to assess n-, p- and fe-limitation of phytoplankton growth, photosynthesis and n2 fixation wi
7485	7	the escape of fish from sea-cage aquaculture is perceived as a seriou  rsity in europes marine waters. escaped fish may cause undesirable genetic effects in native po  on and the transfer of diseases to wild fish. technical and operational failures of fish farmin  . technical and operational failures of fish farming technology cause escapes. cages break down  operational accidents lead to spills of fish. sea-cage equipment is marketed and used across eu   of escapes of reproductive gametes and fish, determine the inherent behaviours that pre-dispos  urs that pre-dispose certain species of fish towards a higher probability of escaping, and docu
11635	6	many species of insects carry intracellular bacteria, bacteria that by    species of insects carry intracellular bacteria, bacteria that by virtue of their cytoplasmic   f insects carry intracellular bacteria, bacteria that by virtue of their cytoplasmic location s  great biodiversity are the male-killing bacteria, inherited bacteria that pass from female to s  re the male-killing bacteria, inherited bacteria that pass from female to son and daughter, and  ling action of the diverse male-killing bacteria found in ladybird beetles.
12550	6	bees make an essential contribution to agriculture and   k swarm involves transferring all adult bees from an infected hive into a clean hive, thereby r  ealthy colonies. in addition samples of bees and brood will be taken from apparently healthy co  using organisms and threshold levels of bacteria within colonies that lead to development of cl   signs of disease. all samples of adult bees and brood will be taken from each colony in the tr   each colony in the trial and levels of bacteria will be determined in the laboratory using qua
10865	3	student will examine whether calcified algae, foraminifera and corals can adapt their mineralo  , behavior and abundance of shrimps and fish recording the distribution of gravid females and f   the distribution of gravid females and fish nests in relation to co2 monitoring zones, as juve
12171	2	for farmland biodiversity, particularly birds, for which it can provide valuable foraging habit  viour and population trends of farmland birds. they will also provide a basis for the developme
2182	2	ease the knowledge of the status of the fish stock around jan mayen and enhance the information  the information of the norwegian marine fish diversity.
10067	5	dly during research with case partners, fish farm partners and academic institutes. drivers for  utbreaks and the susceptibility of wild fish populations. due to the value of salmonid fish and  pulations. due to the value of salmonid fish and the many pressures facing brown trout populati  ing brown trout populations, monitoring fish health in the wild remains a serious challenge. us  le and novel approach for managing wild fish populations, affording a basis for national monito
11214	10	one of the most important zooplankton in the north atlantic is calanus finmarchic  ood resource for commercially important fish such as haddock, herring and mackerel. however, th  d free-floating microscopic plants, the phytoplankton. from recent research cruises to the ne a  n. we also made routine measurements of phytoplankton pigments and what amounts of phytoplankto  toplankton pigments and what amounts of phytoplankton are actually present in the water column.  will need to measure various indices of phytoplankton abundance and activity in the water and r  s. from this we can initially calculate phytoplankton biomass and then use measured relationshi  biomass and productivity to reconstruct phytoplankton production rates, from space. production   ace will then need to be validated with phytoplankton productivity measured in the sea. once we  hed reliable year-round and basin-scale phytoplankton production, this will provide an estimate
11754	4	how much resource will be available for fish stocks, we need to understand the population dynam  lation dynamics and productivity of the zooplankton populations on which they feed. calanus fin   copepod species and source of food for fish in the north atlantic. the study of zooplankton gr  ish in the north atlantic. the study of zooplankton growth in the ocean is very difficult and t
14674	1	th complementary data from other steppe birds. the series of data on demography, distribution a
12646	1	tection , through an assessment of wild birds shot and sold through game dealers. to recommend
13778	1	s to study energetics of key gelatinous zooplankton species with special attention to assimilat
10191	4	n mycelium and culture substratum. many invertebrates are highly attracted to these mycelial in  n regions between mycelia of wood decay fungi, and collembola are attracted to, and preferentia  at the chemical attractants are, or why invertebrates are attracted. we assume that the inverte  rates are attracted. we assume that the invertebrates are provided with a highly nutritious foo
13501	1	, irradiance and grazing in determining periphyton species richness. this proposal unites the d
2121	2	ved. these hypotheses will be tested in birds using two approaches, analysis of demographic tim   characters that have been performed on birds. both approaches are carried out in a phylogeneti
11743	2	the diversity of bacteria in natural populations of a community of aphid   species sharing the same host plant or parasitoid is predicted to be more similar than expecte
400	2	serious threat that might lead to lower fish production if management does not take the demogra  he demographic and genetic structure of fish populations into account. genetic biodiversity is
13482	4	through individual interactions zooplankton contribute to the energy flow in pelagic fo  tter. behavior and sensory functions of zooplankton thus play fundamental roles for structuring  sly, there are few quantitative data on zooplankton behavioral plasticity, and the optimality a  cenarios. an increased understanding of zooplankton small scale behavioral processes is needed
15487	1	ng behaviour and life-history traits in birds. recently, it has been suggested that, apart from
10599	9	nd in a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cu  a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cuckoos   e of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cuckoos occur in th   known examples of cuckoos occur in the birds. here a cuckoo lays a single egg in a host s nest  w know that at least in some species of ants, social wasps and social bees the adults can detec  pecies of ants, social wasps and social bees the adults can detect chemical differences between  derstanding which chemicals are used by insects to communicate information is an important fiel  udy the chemical communication world of insects. this is because the cuckoos have learnt exploi  lp us control, conserve and utilise the insects, one of the most successful groups of animals o
9972	9	nd in a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cu  a wide range of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cuckoos   e of animals including fish, birds, and insects. the best known examples of cuckoos occur in th   known examples of cuckoos occur in the birds. here a cuckoo lays a single egg in a host s nest  w know that at least in some species of ants, social wasps and social bees the adults can detec  pecies of ants, social wasps and social bees the adults can detect chemical differences between  derstanding which chemicals are used by insects to communicate information is an important fiel  udy the chemical communication world of insects. this is because the cuckoos have learnt exploi  lp us control, conserve and utilise the insects, one of the most successful groups of animals o
2053	1	most birds are classified as socially monogamous, yet they f
14152	2	s responses in developing young of wild birds. thus to understand the adaptiveness of stress re  gy and growth of the young in altricial birds. using experimental and correlative methods, we w
13503	3	reasing interest as a novel species for fish farming. performance in culture is assumed to be c  nected with innate traits in individual fish, which has been found in salmonid fishes. the know  nts by comparing boldness and growth in fish from different populations raised in the same envi
11602	2	cts of the foraging behaviour of marine birds and contribute to our understanding on how these   ibute to our understanding on how these birds are able to forage underwater for such long durat
14717	2	rocesses of adaptive diversification in birds. we will use a three-levels approach. first, we w   analyses using one of the most diverse birds taxa, the order columbiformes despite behavioral
14974	1	explore how behaviour flexibility helps birds and mammals respond environmental threats such as
2212	3	ress and analyze adaptive management of fish and game resources from a welfare economic point o  amework for welfare based management of fish and game resources. • empirically assess benefits   mpirically assess benefits and costs of fish and game resources, and use this as inputs in dyna
10744	1	he results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om
11255	1	he results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om
11259	1	he results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om
11356	1	he results will clarify the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om
11595	2	s of responses to man-made influences - bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics; industrial p  of new influenza shifting from pigs and birds into humans. it is likely that host switching by
7260	1	nge for the sustainable exploitation of fish called white
451	4	to study the biodiversity of maldivian coral reefs in liaison with local partners. the study w   maldives - with the fishing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being more and more develop  shing grounds of invertebrates and reef fish being more and more developed, what is the status   in reef cartography, visual counting of fish while diving, capture and identification of larva
7216	1	er biodiversity is largely made ​​up of fish. also the inventory missions, monitor the post- la
14418	1	ed to: • record new pathogens of forest insects for bulgaria and europe; • obtain new informati
14804	1	l sequences found. metabolically active bacteria contain more ribosomes and rrna than resting o
1977	1	ertusa and madrepora oculata deep water coral reefs and potential food sources will show, wheth
396	2	examine plants, soil animals, predatory insects, pollinators and two ecosystem services along a  lants, soil animals, predatory insects, pollinators and two ecosystem services along a time-sin
11310	2	ry abundant in all environments. unlike bacteria, they possess a nucleus, making them part of e  rganisms to which multicellular plants, fungi, and animals belong. morphological and molecular
14795	2	tion is the biological process by which bacteria sequentially reduce nitrate will be used to an   an eu special protection area for wild birds. however, the microbial life in its soil is perfe
14186	2	odiversity and stability of lactic acid bacteria and yeast population of sourdoughs in differen  l be performed to propose mechanisms of bacteria adaptation to sourdough and to reveal possible
13942	3	izes nutrient elements, while producing fish food. we will test four main hypotheses: 1. the ra   growth and survival of deposit-feeding invertebrates, and be transferred to their fish predato  ertebrates, and be transferred to their fish predators. the results can be used to evaluate the
7422	1	tly reduced the diversity of beneficial fungi communities specify the the effect of mycorrhizal
14821	1	ound in its different aquatic habitats. algae, however, are very precise ecological indicators
456	1	er biodiversity is basically made up of fish . in addition to the inventory mission, a follow-u
2137	1	conduct fundamental research on marine benthos with a focus on characterizing the properties o
14419	5	demonstrated that flowering plants and insects ecosystems harbor vast untapped diversity of ye  ic flowering plants and 1500 species of insects. these plants and insects could be habitats for  00 species of insects. these plants and insects could be habitats for many undiscovered yeasts.   first stage will include collection of insects and plants samples from three national parks: p  entral balkan. isolation of yeasts from insects and plants samples. during the second stage we
7008	4	f biodiversity of yeasts and yeast-like fungi isolated from gut of insects. these habitats are   d yeast-like fungi isolated from gut of insects. these habitats are widely unexplored and there   the course of this project since these insects could have had contact with mould-contaminated   ring different developing phases of the insects. finally the isolates will be tested for their
7286	2	ing community with a rich assemblage of insects would reduce this risk by being a source of pol  d reduce this risk by being a source of pollinators for fragmented populations and favorable re
7211	5	oject aims to study the biodiversity of coral reefs in the maldives in conjunction with local p  ine species of the maldives • fisheries invertebrates and reef fish being increasingly develope  ives • fisheries invertebrates and reef fish being increasingly developed, what is the status o  in reef mapping, visual counting diving fish larvae capture and identification and juvenile fis  capture and identification and juvenile fish, and taxonomy of different groups will be offered
14716	2	utochtonous strains of entomopathogenic nematodes and evaluate there efficiency as an alternati  podoptera littoralis and phtyoparasitic nematodes of the genus meloidogyne with the aim of prov
10969	5	erefore, blocking communication between bacteria may provide a new strategy to prevent bioflim   ation. it is also probable that aquatic bacteria have evolved mechanisms to disrupt the biofilm  disrupt the biofilms of other competing bacteria, as a survival strategy. although this has not  e biofilm, which was only observed when bacteria were viable, could therefore be an active phys  this form of competition amongst marine bacteria will also be investigated.
7273	3	e amazon, local migration of freshwater fish are essential for maintaining biodiversity. we pro  h resolution, to trace the movements of fish. our approach is to cut water geochemistry data of  gs of scales, including life history of fish
14853	1	ue type of prokaryote within the domain bacteria. studies comprised both intraspecific diversit
15129	1	nections of the macaronesian corticioid fungi, by including new surveys from cape verde archipe
11728	4	opanoids, which are synthesised by many bacteria and preserved in sediments, have enormous pote  ation of intact complex biohopanoids in bacteria and environmental samples. the method will be   abase of the biohopanoid composition of bacteria, defining markers for specific bacteria or bac  bacteria, defining markers for specific bacteria or bacterial groups, which will form the theor
14115	1	tially powerful directives, such as the birds directive, the habitats directive etc. objectives
12036	1	entional and unintentional invasions of insects description of invasions and processes at play
7642	2	ents in which they live. secondly, soil invertebrates heavily involved in the operation of the   nd ecological functional traits of soil invertebrates. originality of this project lies in the
15120	1	account different trophic levels, from fish predation to intraguild predation in the microbial
2550	1	of thermoacidophilic methane-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the verrucomicrobia lineage of ev
14702	2	ic structure of fauna, from protozoa to macroinvertebrates, has a relevant role in organic matt  nd biomass of microfauna, meiofauna and macroinvertebrates; and 3 trophic relationships between
15280	1	efficiently competing with nitrificant bacteria. however, there is still a lack of basic knowl
14575	2	armful ecological and economic effects. ants, by being ever-present and by their huge number, h  interference with natural predators and parasitoids and, accordingly, an eventual harmful effec
14951	2	ants have been described as centre of ecological intera  tions. by their ubiquity and abundance, ants establish many kinds of relations with other organ
13732	9	plied to create fast-growing transgenic fish, which are of great commercial interest to shorten  mpact escaped growth hormone transgenic fish may have on the natural environment. to predict th  itness of transgenic and non-transgenic fish under nature-like conditions. empirical data on th  r, lacking at present. since transgenic fish cannot be released to the wild, studies on these f   released to the wild, studies on these fish must be carried out in specially contained laborat  ssociated with production of transgenic fish. in addition, these transgenic fish will be used b  nic fish. in addition, these transgenic fish will be used both to increase our understanding of  rmance of transgenic and non-transgenic fish at different life-stages and under various environ  t of the relative success of transgenic fish under natural conditions can be made.
14494	4	th extreme environmental conditions for earthworms such as sandy, degraded and low nutrient soi  future. taking as a starting point that earthworms activity modifies physical, chemical and bio   the study of the relationships between earthworms, acari and collembola. the earthworm activit  the third year. the alimentation of the earthworms will be studied also. in h. elisae the we tr
14924	1	recipitation by m. xanthus and by other bacteria in non-hipersaline conditions. so far, dolomit
10797	1	an be caused by any one of five related bacteria known as the mycobacterium tuberculosis comple
11565	1	an be caused by any one of five related bacteria known as the mycobacterium tuberculosis comple
15087	3	ations of raptors. in the second place, birds which inhabit areas of known environmental pollut  ime-dependent but also responses of the birds to chronic exposure. this information could be ve  e episodes of massive mortality of wild birds when decisions on population management, protecte
7613	1	ition of pollutant molecules present in bacteria degrading.
14954	1	hich a previous study of representative bacteria will be performed, in relation to relevant asp
15126	2	veloped in the future: the use of these fungi as water quality indicators. though aquatic insec  ater quality indicators. though aquatic insects are routinely used as bioindicators, their gut
11242	1	biodiversity. for some groups, such as birds and mammals, we know where species live and can i
2196	1	iated species, e.g. bloom forming macro algae. these interactions may lead to dramatic ecosyste
14594	2	fferent studies have reported that some cyanobacteria communities produce microcystins in medit   levels near 4 ppb evaluate the role of cyanobacteria biofilms on the ecological stoichiometry
6728	1	and it can be utilised for feeding the birds. from 1998 it began the breeding program to impro
13572	1	cts of lake brownification on plankton, periphyton and macrophyte communities through field enc
6909	1	1. bryophytes and fungi dwelling on dead logs were surveyed in near-natur
11064	3	ill be developed and tested for coastal birds, collaboratively between the research team and pr  fect of environmental change on coastal birds, and with whom the research team have worked succ  iendly model will be applied to coastal birds, it will be constructed in a general way, such th
15221	3	bumblebees are insect pollinators that play a particularly important role in   rtant role in cold areas and mountains. bees and bumblebees are declining globally. the reasons   are largely unknown, even though these insects play a key role in plant reproduction and there
1093	1	, we will investigate several genera of insects and crustaceans which include phylogenetically
11244	2	silised diatoms. diatoms are a group of algae / microscopic plants that live in a wide variety   ncluding lakes and oceans. unlike other algae, diatoms have shells, called frustules, which are
11321	2	silised diatoms. diatoms are a group of algae / microscopic plants that live in a wide variety   ncluding lakes and oceans. unlike other algae, diatoms have shells, called frustules, which are
10569	2	that the use of chemical information by birds may be a prominent example. birds are known to ha  on by birds may be a prominent example. birds are known to have a sense of taste, but the tradi
1963	1	ra of research showing that herbivorous arthropods can overcome constitutive and induced direct
13710	1	t guidelines for an endangered group of birds, and generally advance our understanding of the i
11102	2	erally that many small animals, such as insects, amphibians, birds and small mammals show metap  l animals, such as insects, amphibians, birds and small mammals show metapopulation dynamics, p
10632	1	ple of adaptive radiation. these marine fish invaded freshwater after the last ice age. freshwa
13454	1	summer blooms by filamentous, n2-fixing cyanobacteria are dominated by nodularia sp., aphanizom
11204	2	y c flux from plants through am to soil bacteria and microarthropods by 14c and 13c labelling o  f turfs and in the field. am-associated bacteria will be identified by 16/185 rdna and dgge. ef
11297	1	sea-bed, a process mediated by infaunal invertebrates. the efficiency of this process has impor
2124	5	k of attention to consequences of plant-pollinator interactions for levels beyond the reproduct  surprising. on purely pragmatic grounds pollinators conceivably play a fundamental role for pla   and abundance of bumblebees within the pollinator assemblage may affect the frequency of polli   with the functional composition of the pollinator assemblage. a central methodology of this pr  is experimentally induced change of the pollinator assemblage.
15192	1	social insects are characterised by the lost of direct reprodu
2154	1	tal dominance of a carpet of silty turf algae. this event has been given great attention by sci
11338	6	inherited bacteria are commonly found in insects, being passed fr  nherited bacteria are commonly found in insects, being passed from a female to her offspring in  ale to her offspring inside eggs. these bacteria show a variety of interactions with their host  species. however, the reasons why these bacteria are sometimes benign rather than parasitic is   nsect reproduction is affected by these bacteria is unknown. we will investigate these question  derstanding of why interactions between bacteria and their host vary. it will also allow us to
10731	5	to study these potential costs, and in fish, individuals that have undergone a period of growt   and reproductive success of individual fish, and its effects on the dynamics of wild fish popu  and its effects on the dynamics of wild fish populations. such information would be valuable, e  ism, and swim performance in individual fish to gain insights into the mechanisms responsible f  innings of the costs of rapid growth in fish, and also the consequences of this trade-off for b
10236	2	ropical caves are inhabited by bats and birds that feed on insects in the area surrounding the   nhabited by bats and birds that feed on insects in the area surrounding the cave, producing lar
9812	2	ropical caves are inhabited by bats and birds that feed on insects in the area surrounding the   nhabited by bats and birds that feed on insects in the area surrounding the cave, producing lar
13848	2	obtained by stomach content analysis of fish as well as by using stable isotope analysis of the  cercopagis as a consumer and a prey for fish.
12014	1	last two decades. changes of the ground-fish community structure were observed and interpreted
12656	1	s composition and abundance of breeding birds in urban and suburban housing areas in relation t
14949	1	l microbes, particularly mycorrhiza and bacteria, which we expect to respond earlier to manipul
11062	1	rt to the poor survival and recovery of fish remains, the processing of marine foods and the ra
11013	1	formation of cloud condensation nuclei bacteria, fungal spores, pollen, leaf litter , and in d
10818	2	gically formed and contains autotrophic algae and cyanobacteria. since these layers form at the  rmed and contains autotrophic algae and cyanobacteria. since these layers form at the soil surf
11476	7	olated a number of novel mebr-degrading bacteria from the marine environment. these bacteria gr  eria from the marine environment. these bacteria grow on mebr and related compounds such as met  al strains of methyl chloride utilising bacteria. in order to gain a better understanding of th  o characterise these new mebr utilising bacteria at the physiological, biochemical and molecula  ses using whole cells of mebr utilising bacteria. the results obtained will provide essential b  cal data on a portfolio of novel marine bacteria in order to determine if these types of bacter  in order to determine if these types of bacteria can be exploited as biocatalysts. we will use
157	2	valuate the importance of this group of algae in the total flux of energy and matter of the coa  being a quite unique and small group of macroalgae in estonian coastal sea the total importance
15147	3	that many aquatic organisms, including invertebrates and vertebrates, show specific anti-preda  ver, to date, few chemicals released by fish have been fully characterized in terms of origin,   sponses of two prey species, a salmonid fish to determine the origin of the chemical cues relea
13530	4	blooms of toxic phytoplankton, so called harmful algal blooms, are natu  g factors. despite being fundamental to phytoplankton growth, increased availability of inorgan  ower for dinoflagellates than for other phytoplankton of similar size and dinoflagellates are g  te one of the dominant groups among the phytoplankton. there is growing evidence that chemical
14187	1	c ciliates as potential prey for larger zooplankton form an important linkage between the micro
13439	5	hanges in hydrography have affected the phytoplankton community in the past and present, and ho  tury will affect the spreading of toxic algae in arabian sea. this will contribute to sustainab  t on export of marine products. focused phytoplankton monitoring of coastal water will ensure s  ental changes on the composition of the phytoplankton community by analyzing oceanographic data  e initiation and development of harmful phytoplankton species, and challenge the models with si
7036	2	lichens are one of the most important groups of organis  ibution of the trees on which epiphytic lichens grow. circumboreal species are often treated as
12658	1	there has been an increasing trade in birds of prey from guinea to the countries of the europ
13615	5	sed from their herbivores. root-feeding nematodes are major herbivores of grasslands. the goal   ategies for the control of root-feeding nematodes. in greenhouse experiments, i will compare gr  matode and potential antagonists to the nematodes. in addition, i will investigate if the plant  dying how the abundance of root-feeding nematodes is controlled in natural ecosystems may help   lp to improve the biological control of nematodes in agro-ecosystems.
13785	6	proposed here, i will study host plant-pollinator-parasitoid interactions under different clim  ere, i will study host plant-pollinator-parasitoid interactions under different climate and hab   scenarios. i will focus on pollinating insects with well known ecology i.e. large blue butterf  in the study systems. using pollinating insects in an ecological and evolutionary framework on   work on interactions between hostplants-insects-parasitoids in different habitat and climate sc  interactions between hostplants-insects-parasitoids in different habitat and climate scenarios
10476	1	dynamics and larval connectivity among coral reefs, the constraints to studying fragmentation
13755	1	us on the effects of sub-surface ice on fish. the project will also identify the channel topogr
2006	1	indonesian coral reefs are famous for their high number of species
10044	2	f climate change on structure of marine fish assemblages, yet increasing evidence suggests that   the northeast atlantic marine demersal fish assemblage. using collated data from uk government
482	5	insects react rapidly to environmental change: for exam  pean butterflies have exceeded those of birds and higher plants by an order of magnitude in rec  cluding functionally important keystone insects such as ants. in theory, ensembles of closely i  ally important keystone insects such as ants. in theory, ensembles of closely interacting speci  by the many species that also depend on ants species across the climatic gradient, using nation
10889	4	g activities such as arrival of migrant birds and is affecting the geographical range of specie  e marine realm the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom has important implications for zoop  on bloom has important implications for zooplankton and fish assemblages and indeed the whole m  ortant implications for zooplankton and fish assemblages and indeed the whole marine food web.
1999	4	nts will consist of a bitrophic system, phytoplankton and zooplankton, under controlled nutrien  f a bitrophic system, phytoplankton and zooplankton, under controlled nutrient, light and tempe   will manipulate the composition of the phytoplankton or the zooplankton community and addition  composition of the phytoplankton or the zooplankton community and additionally impose different
10413	4	insects react rapidly to environmental change: for exam  pean butterflies have exceeded those of birds and higher plants by an order of magnitude in rec  invertebrate groups, including dominant insects such as ants that have major impacts on all oth  ups, including dominant insects such as ants that have major impacts on all other species in th
13747	5	insects react rapidly to environmental change: for exam  lies have exceeded those of i;-:« |||;| birds and higher plants by an order of magnitude in rec  cluding functionally important keystone insects such as ants. in theory, ensembles of |s;i jg j  ally important keystone insects such as ants. in theory, ensembles of |s;i jg j closely interac  by the many species that also depend on ants species across the climatic gradient,
15566	5	insects react rapidly to environmental change: for exam  pean butterflies have exceeded those of birds and higher plants by an order of magnitude in rec  cluding functionally important keystone insects such as ants. in theory, ensembles of closely i  ally important keystone insects such as ants. in theory, ensembles of closely interacting speci  by the many species that also depend on ants species across the climatic gradient, using nation
14958	12	the fungi which grow obligately on lichens comprise over 20       the fungi which grow obligately on lichens comprise over 2000 known species, and further s  ly include lichenicolous species. these fungi are extremely specialized, and many are evidently   place in the overall classification of fungi. investigations into the biology, bioactive produ  ucts, and systematic placement of these fungi have been frustrated by the difficulty of securin  s for the isolation and growth of these fungi in pure culture, using freshly collected material  aterial. the systematic position of the fungi will be explored using molecular phylogenetic met  of the known 98 genera of lichenicolous fungi have yet been the subject of such studies. in man  racters in material from different host lichens has been used to recognize different species. t   of selected genera from different host lichens by molecular phylogenetic methods to determine   involve comparing the phylograms of the fungi and their hosts, with an emphasis on those growin  emphasis on those growing on parmelioid lichens whose marginal costs are not charged to the pro
15028	2	while the impacts of fishing on fish populations and demersal and pelagic marine ecosys  e coastal ecosystems, the health of the fish stocks and the quality of the fisheries.
14317	2	e congo river harbors the richest known fish species diversity on the african continent, which   ic biodiversity of consumers, including fish. therefore, in this proposal, we aim to link terre
13455	3	coral reefs of lophelia pertusa are key biotopes in tem  ecies, including commercially important fish stocks. in sweden and norway a large proportion of   rehabilitation activities of coldwater coral reefs in years to come.
14192	2	ions of 53 species of cereals, grasses, legumes, oil crops and vegetables are maintained at the  barley, wheat, oats, forage grasses and legumes and vegetables.
13578	2	pecies negatively affected by forestry: fungi, lichens, liverworts, and mosses. colonizing abil  negatively affected by forestry: fungi, lichens, liverworts, and mosses. colonizing ability of
13462	3	ization capacity of liverworts, mosses, insects, saproxylic fungi and epiphytic lichens. coloni  liverworts, mosses, insects, saproxylic fungi and epiphytic lichens. colonizing capacity is inf  insects, saproxylic fungi and epiphytic lichens. colonizing capacity is inferred from species p
12146	5	es of the colony changes of vegetation, fungi and soil biota take place. nature and dynamics of  tional elements of ecosystem – mammals, insects and wood-inhabiting fungi. other aim is to eval   – mammals, insects and wood-inhabiting fungi. other aim is to evaluate dynamics of the colony   f mycorrhiza, communities of plants and lichens are in the zone of colony expansion. also the c  functional structure of wood-inhabiting fungi in various parts of the colony will be examined.
15339	11	n the detection of resources by diurnal pollinators. the anatomy of the eye, the nature of the   the visual system differ between insect pollinator groups. this suggests that each insect group   for the ecology and evolution of plant-pollinator networks. this is because the ability of pol  etworks. this is because the ability of pollinators to detect different flowers affects their r  d allow flowers some control over their pollinators. because the only insect pollinator for whi  ir pollinators. because the only insect pollinator for which the visual system has been studied   studied in any depth is the honey bee, apis mellifera, we propose to study the visual system o   differences in perceptual abilities of pollinators can lead to resource partitioning. this inf  ial to determine under which conditions pollinators will be able to detect flowers of different  s can advertise their reward to certain pollinators while remaining relatively inconspicuous to  ining relatively inconspicuous to other pollinator groups.
14898	1	at ecological importance as herbivores, pollinators and food for insectivores. moreover, due to
13976	1	sis to investigate how breeding coastal birds are affected by shore exploitation, nature reserv
2150	5	rway, considerable damage to deep-water coral reefs by trawlers have led to the closure of area  to reports of large catches of juvenile fish. to use midwater trawl to catch gadoids catch rate  y viable. second, the catch of juvenile fish must not be higher than for bottom trawling and fi  er than for bottom trawling and finally fish that are sorted out/escape must survive. the proje  ion, data collected on the behaviour of fish during the capture phase of the midwater trawl wil
11119	1	cooperative and parasitic behaviours of ants living symbiotically with the ant-plant cordia nod
11836	1	e earliest semiaquatic angiosperms plus birds and feathered dinosaurs.
10402	7	many insects are infected by microorganisms, including bacte  e infected by microorganisms, including bacteria called wolbachia and cardinium, that are passe  d from a mother to its offspring. these bacteria have a range of effects on the reproduction of  some of which are severe. some of these bacteria have been proposed as a means by which harmful  en proposed as a means by which harmful insects could be controlled. however, to plan for use o  such approaches, we need to know if the bacteria involved can jump . the project will assess th  o which these two groups have exchanged bacteria, and test several hypotheses about which type
15499	2	ion of root mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi and n-fixing bacteria and 3 did the evolution of   sms with mycorrhizal fungi and n-fixing bacteria and 3 did the evolution of novel plant strateg
13709	2	bacterium that infects many species of arthropods. it induces several forms of reproductive ma   a tool for control of pest and disease insects. by using whole genome sequencing and comparati
10525	12	things i learnt at university was that bacteria could do amazing things. they could degrade cr  ery useful sources of new capabilities. bacteria also are a very important part of animal life.  on is changed by probiotics, indicating bacteria are important in good digestive health. in cow   in good digestive health. in cows, gut bacteria are of vital importance in making the nutrient  usable by the animal. more widely, many insects carry inherited bacteria. these can be of three  re widely, many insects carry inherited bacteria. these can be of three kinds- a required by th  o grow and reproduce. in this case, the bacteria are responsible for the synthesis of nutrients  gy of the insect to their own ends. how bacteria carry out functions for the insect-and how the  solved. in this project, we examine how bacteria that are beneficial and parasitic differ, exam   examining the genomes of two different bacteria that are related, but have very different inte  tance. genes that are shared by the two bacteria but have diverged significantly are likely ess  antly are likely essential to many host-bacteria interactions. the subset of genes that are fou
14220	1	noted in temporal abundance patterns of insects between temperate and tropical habitats. howeve
10008	1	ifying creatures like jellyfish, wasps, spiders, and scorpions as potentially dangerous venomou
14656	1	incidence of uv-b. moreover, studies in fish have demonstrated that slightly saline environment
14426	6	on of the maximum allowable quantity of fish in net cages, with the purpose of being environmen  ecological equilibrium in water bodies. fish rearing in net cages is a proved, contemporary met  mporary method for rearing of different fish species. at present the number of the newly constr  advantages of this method of rearing of fish, there are a number of problems and negative effec  ironment, caused mainly by the released fish faeces and uneaten food. the main factors are the   y and species affiliation of the reared fish, feeding method and the type of the used feed, wat
6880	1	ic habitats and also in the sustainable fish farming. we plan to publish results in internation
10181	1	ecies is a cooperative breeder, so that birds often help to raise offspring other than their ow
11653	2	concerning the origin and evolution of birds. hitherto, unstudiable morphology of the pneumati  cal series from archaeopteryx to modern birds. in addition to the discrete nature of the projec
15240	3	ooperation are evident traits of social insects. less obvious are the numerous conflicts of int  interest that oppose colony members. in ants, bees and wasps, one such major conflict occurs be  st that oppose colony members. in ants, bees and wasps, one such major conflict occurs between
15241	1	specific units grazing causes impact on seagrass ecosystems, inducing changes in their dynamics
468	1	roach to the reactions of a cryophilous fish species, the bullhead to a population, with or wit
13879	4	wild bees are important providers of pollination services to  ent declines of bumblebees and solitary bees have been attributed to agricultural intensificati  ation may contribute to the decrease in pollinator populations both by reducing the general ava  s to maintain viable populations of bee pollinators in agricultural landscapes.
15000	1	tic restoration. using three species of insects as study models, mioscirtus wagneri, gryllus ca
14752	3	o carry out a serious study of the rbbm fish diversity, with the purpose of providing valuable   r in the conservation of the freshwater fish populations. the aims of this study will have, the  st, to make a complete inventory of the fish species present in the rbbm, and to evaluate, thro
7220	3	ting, collecting guano, the location of fish shoals are all ecosystem services provided by seab  d ecosystem services provided by marine birds in three countries in the western indian ocean: m  p the erosion of biodiversity of marine birds in the region while improving the living conditio
13529	1	ritically endangered swedish freshwater fish species . analyses of new and previously collected
14515	1	eeding at chikly islet , by using these birds as bio-indicators of the organochlorine and trace
14487	1	se visual designs in several species of birds and mammals living free in southern spain.
11070	1	based assessment of the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to soil co2 efflux in resp
7414	1	, a significant decrease in pollinating insects is observed. the honeybee is particularly affec
14888	1	nts or aeroallergens, as pollen grains, fungi spores, mites of the dust or feather of animals e
11322	1	as their nests are easy to find and the birds can be easily trapped from their roost chambers f
11144	2	xploitation of common resources such as fish stocks or failure to curb carbon emissions are obv  reeding sites for up to several hundred birds. the communal nest has two distinct but integrate
10315	1	ich could potentially replace dwindling fish catches elsewhere. it helps stabilise the global c
10978	1	. they are the dominant grazers of many phytoplankton mortality to determining sex ratios will
11429	1	. they are the dominant grazers of many phytoplankton mortality to determining sex ratios will
13821	3	ess influences. we recently showed that fish in familiar groups are less aggressive, consume mo  ural growth in mammals, we predict that fish reared in simple habitats will show reduced brain   lower fitness in the wild compared with fish reared in complex habitats.
2483	6	tropical coral reefs are the most diverse and complex marine hab  no other environment is host to so many fish species, with such a diversity of strikingly beaut  ght of the fact that 60% of the world's coral reefs are at risk from human activity. we current  ditionally, the view has been that reef fish colours are selected mainly for species recognitio  ne fishes, australian expertise in reef fish ecology and physiology, and british expertise in c  n published data, covering several reef fish taxa, and will have its base at imperial college,
11274	1	n the inner ears of living reptiles and birds, which will be of great value to auditory biologi
10229	1	f resources in the environment. in many birds resource availability during breeding is often un
178	2	ion, oxidative stress and copulation in insects has a potential impact for further development   y aspects related to immune function of insects bears a potential practical value for interpret
11436	1	stic basis for the costs of immunity in insects. specifically, we will: determine the behaviour
10042	1	are subject to management intervention. coral reefs of the western atlantic provide an exceptio
7195	1	rming practices and abundance of common birds are complex. indeed, agro-ecosystems are characte
10726	1	keleton and whether the skulls of early birds were more morphologically diverse than their non-
11455	1	les could reflect evidence for ancient, bacteria-like, metabolic processes. the australian rock
444	1	hologists each spring identify breeding birds by song or visual contacts. we first showed that
7160	1	rogram of temporal monitoring of common birds, set up by the CRBPO, since 1989 provides informa
7506	2	unicellular algae play a vital role in the ecology of the planet, a   crb of over 500 strains of unicellular algae is being established at the university of caen. m
9867	1	amous cheat: it tricks other species of birds , we will compare defences at sites with and with
11387	2	water system dominated by charophytes, macrophytes and a diverse invertebrate fauna in the 194  fauna in the 1940s, to one dominated by phytoplankton and an impoverished invertebrate fauna by
15056	3	vers with a calcareous substrate, since cyanobacteria are more abundant on this kind of substra  at determine the presence or absence of cyanobacteria in different environmental conditions and  ertain especially problematic groups of cyanobacteria and to establish phylogenetics relationsh
12452	2	summary objective: use fish stomach content data to describe how fish feeding   sh stomach content data to describe how fish feeding preferences have changed in the last centu
12565	2	on populations of both wild and stocked fish. study the potential impacts of light pollution wi  ffects in salmonid and other freshwater fish populations.
10947	1	n relation to temperature in the marine fish fugu rubripes at the embryo and juvenile stages of
13788	4	e ability and decaying capacity of wood-fungi. many species of wood-fungi have declined for unk  ity of wood-fungi. many species of wood-fungi have declined for unknown reasons, but it is poss  arify whether there are threatened wood-fungi that are dependent on deadwood qualities that are   of why many red-listed species of wood-fungi are confined to forests governed by natural dynam
11823	2	ring instead to interpret them as giant bacteria. our interpretation of the fossils will be aid  sils, allowing us to decide whether the bacteria or animal-embryo model of interpretation fits
1993	5	h as budding of trees and egg laying by birds. species-specific differences in these changes in  ddition, the established mini-models on algae-zooplankton interactions will be extended to incl  n, the established mini-models on algae-zooplankton interactions will be extended to include pl  ll be extended to include planktivorous fish-zooplankton interactions. as we will be working wi   extended to include planktivorous fish-zooplankton interactions. as we will be working with re
7302	1	on events and rarefaction of indigenous birds, and the identification of the key factors involv
12460	1	both commercial stocks and susceptible fish species is biologically sustainable.
12464	1	eit is to produce operational models of fish stock dynamics that take into account: climaticall
12465	1	both commercial stocks and susceptible fish species is biologically sustainable. the study wil
1952	2	timing and intensity of reproduction in birds is largely built on knowledge on selection pressu  ll quantify behavioral responses of the birds and enable us to estimate the subsequent fitness
11217	3	the accessory genome of bacteria includes genes that may confer important adapt  may be more readily transferred between bacteria than the basic genome. we will exploit the pub  basic genomes in this genus and related bacteria. we will monitor divergence of each of about 5
11192	1	iation in virus-induced liquefaction of insects by sequential passage of virus through larvae a
10343	1	n. phycobilisome-containing unicellular cyanobacteria of the genus synechococcus are a major co
11440	3	dissolved oxygen from the ocean. it is bacteria that cause this decrease in oxygen as they use  ly in the water runs out other types of bacteria take over and begin to use sulphate for the sa  a by product of these sulphate-reducing bacteria is hydrogen sulphide, the smelly gas also prod
12449	3	of data on eggs and larvae of demersal fish in the irish sea, together with contemporaneous da  , together with contemporaneous data on zooplankton prey of the larvae and coupled bio-physical  pose: to investigate whether changes in fish recruitment associated with mortality at early sta
15490	1	istent and most research has focused on invertebrates. four aspects make this field of investig
12772	2	impacts on freshwater ecology including fish and macroinvertebrates, whilst also representing a  n freshwater ecology including fish and macroinvertebrates, whilst also representing a vector e
11651	2	ecies with life histories like those of fish and insects, concave-down relationships for large   h life histories like those of fish and insects, concave-down relationships for large mammals.
10861	2	that all broad leaved trees have decay fungi latently present in the sapwood of trunks, branch  istributed differently. the presence of fungi within functional sapwood cannot usually be detec
12150	1	pread of invasive pathogens in honeybee apis mellifera in lithuania and potential threats as an
15128	1	e and composition of the two-mode plant-pollinator network in different fragments of high mount
14162	2	two types of melanin based defences in insects: the immune system and protective colouration w   melanins, n-limitedness of herbivorous insects and oxidative cost of po reactions. another pos
2123	1	a , the role of ecological barriers and parasitoids/predators in the spatial patterning of outb
13430	1	ion of recent status of water resources fish fauna of bilecik, eskişehir, kütahya and uşak prov
13429	1	ion of recent status of water resources fish fauna of lakes region of turkey.
10968	2	marine productivity focuses on zooplankton production, examining how climate change ma  ain link between primary production and fish. thus, we considered microzooplankton in two main
2536	4	ted--is everywhere in nature: flocks of birds dancing in the sky, dense schools of herring trav  pecifically, for the strongly schooling fish species golden shiner. with detailed individual mo  cidate the individual rules used by the fish. until recently, it was hard to gather data on ind  f migrating cancer cells, management of fish populations, or herd mentality among financial inv
10837	2	ve been most intensively studied in the insects. in the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster, there  ide improvements in pest suppression in insects subjected to sit.
11779	3	bacteria constitute a major portion of the biodiversity  rstanding of the identities of dominant bacteria present in a range of soil types, though there  rmining the identities of dominant soil bacteria, and then we will address how different nutrie
11509	1	lity of the strains and conidial yield. fungi can readily degenerate when continuously maintain
10770	1	ores, unicellular photosynthetic marine algae living in the surface of the oceans, because they
12651	1	tool to monitor the harvest of huntable birds and other bird species in the uk using data colle
11680	3	insects, such as butterflies and moths, do not remain i  portant habitat for rare ground nesting birds. when you mix two moth species such as these it a  reading of virus diseases between these insects could virtually wipe out both populations. the
15393	2	the implementation of dna barcoding in lichens and ecological fingerprints. - the potential of  s present in large amount in parmelioid lichens yield an added value for several pharmaceutical
10269	1	eukaryotic phytoplankton provide an important record of environmen
7391	1	provided us with new tools to classify bacteria.
9831	1	xogenous isolation of new plasmids from bacteria in natural environments, without the need for
12551	2	bees make an essential contribution to agriculture and   ved from food sources or in the case of parasitoids and predators, on volatile cues from the ho
6960	1	urvey, 4. maize pistil faunula test, 5. pollinator distribution, 6. resistance to invasive weed
14615	1	ch has reduced the abundance of many of fish and cephalopod stocks that constitute their diet.
7678	2	e. these micro-organisms, predominantly fungi and bacteria, include plant pathogens, bio-contro  icro-organisms, predominantly fungi and bacteria, include plant pathogens, bio-control agents o
7498	1	ar methods to specifically detect these bacteria in marine sediments to better understand their
14179	1	en the cell size and growth rate of the bacteria, very important fact about the increase of num
13731	1	variation in exploited populations like fish populations. present knowledge has advanced positi
11061	10	. wild atlantic salmon are an important fish for many reasons, but are unfortunately in severe   n s range at a very high level. escaped fish can survive, and some make it onto wild salmon spa  s. here they attempt to spawn with wild fish, presenting a major problem: farmed salmon have be  d for big genetic differences with wild fish. offspring from farmed and wild salmon reproductio  ed. continual release of so many farmed fish could eventually genetically swamp wild genes, pos  or down. research has shown that farmed fish can successfully reproduce with wild fish, but tha  sh can successfully reproduce with wild fish, but that they are inferior at reproduction. howev  owever, exactly how inferior are farmed fish, and how does this inferiority vary when reproduci  ortant to understand the risk of farmed fish to wild stocks. we will answer this question by me  ormation for governments balancing wild fish conservation with commercially important salmon fa
1962	1	ce mechanisms include the attraction of parasitoids of herbivores by emitting specific volatile
11360	7	the contribution of viral infection to phytoplankton modality has fundamental implications for  nces the fate of primary production and phytoplankton succession, may enhance phytoplankton div  d phytoplankton succession, may enhance phytoplankton diversity and structures food webs. howev  irectly quantify the viral component of phytoplankton mortality. we aim to develop a highly pro  ly quantify viral mortality of specific phytoplankton in natural waters. the technique will be   . the technique will be developed using phytoplankton host:virus:grazer systems in the laborato  s information will be used to interpret phytoplankton:viral:grazer population dynamics and thei
10142	2	parative analyses dealt with plants and bacteria, while for animals analyses have been performe  only on insect food-webs and mammal and fish communities. therefore, results are hampered by av
12149	1	nd abundance assessment of two invasive fish species - round goby . genetic methods will allow
9807	7	n to make the petals more attractive to pollinators. it is not surprising, then, that most peta  eased seed set because more pollinating bees visit the flowers, when compared to mutant snapdra   will try to understand how and why the bees prefer the conical cells, by comparing normal snap  vailability, in order to understand why bees might find them more attractive than flat petal ce  ls. our second aim is to understand how bees interact with petals with conical and flat cells.   ant families which have shown shifts in pollinators, and investigate whether there is any relat  of the co-evolution of plants and their pollinators during their evolutionary history.
13945	5	e transport of dissolved organic matter phytoplankton species. it is suggested that it is the n   that is beneficial for the hab-forming phytoplankton, and uptake of smaller molecules such as   tive uptake of these large molecules by phytoplankton. we propose to study the utilization of m  ular dom by several potentially harmful phytoplankton species. our main objective is to investi  his is a common trait among hab-forming phytoplankton, then this has implications for a further
6871	2	butes to downstream biomass increase of algae. in the same time flood, as a disturbance factor   e biomass of four main color classes of algae along the flow at every few tens of meters by the
1984	3	vertical stratified ecosystems in which cyanobacteria play a key role. the most important sourc  re all actively fixing. many species of cyanobacteria fix n2. some microbial mats display a hig  robial mats display a high diversity of cyanobacteria while others do not. the reason for this
7138	3	f populations of various groups of soil invertebrates and litter invertebrates that separate th  groups of soil invertebrates and litter invertebrates that separate the different response grou  pecies to predict the responses of soil invertebrates to land use change.
13838	1	monophyletic groups of ectomycorrhizal fungi have similar functional proporties and this is re
11275	2	h diverse group could be related to the fungi. the fungi include the well-known mushrooms and y  roup could be related to the fungi. the fungi include the well-known mushrooms and yeasts but a
14660	3	ase that would allow the co-relation of cyanobacteria diversity with anoxygenic phototrophic ba   diversity with anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in distinct and extreme environmental conditio  tratified environments . in the case of cyanobacteria, we also propose analysing changes in the
185	1	res, and ichneumonid wasps representing parasitoids. afterwards, the studied patterns will be c
2480	1	n climate forcing, and toxins may cause fish-kills. we lack knowledge on their biodiversity and
14675	2	ion process. therefore, the mycorrhizal fungi can play an important role in the establishment a  to isolate the autochtonous mycorrhizal fungi and to establish its relation with the natural re
15298	1	ses in the diversity of the complex red algae of the genus laurencia and the monograph of the g
421	2	ensified. ground beetles, collembolans, earthworms and environmental variables were sampled in    species had broader and longer bodies. earthworms showed different responses with smaller and
2061	6	rine shelf ecosystems. the link between zooplankton and apex predators in these systems is occu   key species of small pelagic schooling fish. these stocks which sustain a large and diverse gr  ale-dependent spatial pattern of forage fish species is a key factor in shaping the top predato   the trophic interaction between forage fish and apex predators. to evaluate the role of this h   distribution of apex predators, forage fish species and zooplankton will be collected during r  apex predators, forage fish species and zooplankton will be collected during regular cruises in
10378	2	acterial hosts. between 1-20% of marine bacteria contain phage, which can significantly influen  ll investigate transposable elements in bacteria from antarctic water whilst at cardiff we will
15287	1	th sexually and vegetatively propagated lichens. in the literature, there are conflicting data
15288	1	th sexually and vegetatively propagated lichens. in the literature, there are conflicting data
14146	8	esides ample information on fungicolous fungi and insects, only very scattered evidence is avai  le information on fungicolous fungi and insects, only very scattered evidence is available on t  nned to merge the existing expertise on fungi and insects inhabiting fungal fruitbodies, along   rge the existing expertise on fungi and insects inhabiting fungal fruitbodies, along with devel  in such assemblages we plan to focus on insects, fungi and bacteria. the fungal fruitbodies to   ssemblages we plan to focus on insects, fungi and bacteria. the fungal fruitbodies to be sample   we plan to focus on insects, fungi and bacteria. the fungal fruitbodies to be sampled include   nats with fruitbodies of ecomycorrhizal fungi as suggested by their overlapping distibution pat
13878	3	ection and specificity of links between fungi and fungal feeding invertebrates in soil food web   links between fungi and fungal feeding invertebrates in soil food webs. nested pcrs of dna ext   clones will determine the abundance of fungi and thus the feeding specialization of the soil a
15068	1	o characterize the presence of specific bacteria that may involve in the degree of severity of
9919	2	affected the taxonomy of un-culturable bacteria which are only known by their sequence and not  icroscopic wasps which parasitise other insects and therefore are used for biocontrol, to demon
2022	14	aries and bays harbouring mangroves and seagrass beds provide important food sources for millio  rtant nurseries for juvenile coral reef fish, but this has only been based on their high densit  sed on their high densities of juvenile fish. however, a true nursery is a habitat that contrib  her densities of juveniles in mangroves/seagrass beds never reach the reef fish population, the  oves/seagrass beds never reach the reef fish population, then these habitats do not function as  ensity, growth and survival of juvenile fish is higher in mangroves/seagrass nurseries than on   of juvenile fish is higher in mangroves/seagrass nurseries than on the reef, and whether moveme  an on the reef, and whether movement of fish takes place from these nurseries to the coral reef  stry and stable isotopes, and long-term fish tagging. quantitative mathematical models will be   dels will be made to calculate how reef fish population viability depends on input of juveniles  nds on input of juveniles from mangrove/seagrass nurseries versus coral reef, and on the size o  he population dynamics of tropical reef fish with spatially separated life-stage habitats. thes  f these coastal habitats and commercial fish stocks on the reef. this is needed since caribbean  r-fished and many people depend on reef fish as a source of protein or income.
10189	4	rategy. because mutualistic mycorrhizal fungi have been viewed as restricted in diversity and e  ssociate as effectively with indigenous fungi as can native species. hence, failure to find sui   evidence undermines these assumptions: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are diverse and exhibit se  l therefore measure the diversity of am fungi colonising the roots of sets of native, invasive,
10736	1	mental contamination by toxic metals in invertebrates.
13610	5	shift. in august, floating filamentous algae and high biomass of phytoplankton were noted in t  g filamentous algae and high biomass of phytoplankton were noted in the open water. interaction  n water. interactions between submerged macrophytes and nutrients, particularly phosphorus, are  ill be lost during autumn senescence of macrophytes and filamentous algae. the project aim is t  nescence of macrophytes and filamentous algae. the project aim is therefore to document the nut
10211	2	gulate it are poorly understood. carbon fungi are a dominant group of microorganisms that recei   to em fungal communities, saprotrophic bacteria and soil mesofauna, and to determine if c can
11264	2	ill take place with groups of just five fish, given the time needed to individually assess indi  assess individual personality and train fish to different levels of expertise . however, i will
11546	2	ill take place with groups of just five fish, given the time needed to individually assess indi  assess individual personality and train fish to different levels of expertise . however, i will
9927	2	ce. finally, we will test the idea that spiders are limiting in some way for parids. we will mo  d broods receive a higher proportion of spiders than normal sized broods. the rigorous experime
10136	1	stablish the parents of each recaptured fish. in parallel with this field work we will measure
10241	1	r than cross-pollinate. marine colonial invertebrates resemble plants in being fixed to the sub
11100	1	r than cross-pollinate. marine colonial invertebrates resemble plants in being fixed to the sub
10693	2	y important in adding iron, which feeds phytoplankton in the ocean. these phytoplankton play a   feeds phytoplankton in the ocean. these phytoplankton play a role in the global carbon cycle, w
14602	2	d by using mediterranean landscapes and birds as study models. a deeper knowledge of spatial an  at large spatial scales of open habitat birds in relation with changes in the availability of h
13880	2	ationists, partly because of effects on birds. environmental authorities have extensively used   viour connected to human disturbance of birds on protected and unprotected islands. the project
14199	3	ing the diaspore pools of plants and am fungi. traditionally managed species-rich calcareous gr  n reduce the number and diversity of am fungi in ecosystems, and overgrowth of grasslands by sc  ts of changing land use on symbiotic am fungi, present both as viable spores in the soil and fu
7028	2	here is increasing evidence that either earthworms or arbuscular-mycorhizal fungi affect plant   her earthworms or arbuscular-mycorhizal fungi affect plant community diversity and structure by
11723	4	ly and artisinally important species of fish. stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon deposited in  tags of migration in possibly migratory fish. the proposed field site, gazi bay in kenya, has s  alinity and delta 13c between mangrove, seagrass and coral reef biotopes. these three variables  will influence oxygen isotope ratios in fish moving between habitats. non-migratory species res
13339	1	diversity indicators eg butterflies and birds but the ambition is to convert these from site sp
2084	4	time series from hydrography, currents, zooplankton, to 0-group fish, in addition to paleo data  aphy, currents, zooplankton, to 0-group fish, in addition to paleo data on water mass propertie  n and trophic transfer from copepods to fish recruitment, including the modifying effect from s  n abundance and distribution of 0-group fish. the project is an interdisciplinary approach with
7182	1	h frequency, the very important role of pollinators, dissemination fruit / seeds of mammals - a
10152	7	als to disperse to new sites. migratory birds might be expected to be most capable of such disp   which they travel. however, individual birds are typically highly site-faithful to their breed  d behavioural constraints for migratory birds requires a system in which 1. habitat quality has  racking of these godwits has shown that birds in new breeding sites tend to also use new winter  s, and that they tend to be larger than birds in traditional breeding sites. larger birds may b  s in traditional breeding sites. larger birds may be more common on new sites either because th  ity of new sites and the probability of birds in new sites breeding successfully. this study wi
11496	7	als to disperse to new sites. migratory birds might be expected to be most capable of such disp   which they travel. however, individual birds are typically highly site-faithful to their breed  d behavioural constraints for migratory birds requires a system in which 1. habitat quality has  racking of these godwits has shown that birds in new breeding sites tend to also use new winter  s, and that they tend to be larger than birds in traditional breeding sites. larger birds may b  s in traditional breeding sites. larger birds may be more common on new sites either because th  ity of new sites and the probability of birds in new sites breeding successfully. this study wi
15205	2	distinct and frequent floral visitors, pollinators and nectar robbers, in the variation of flo  sure opposite to the one exerted by the pollinators over the floral traits.
10471	1	f calcareous nannoplankton, microscopic algae that secrete intricate calcite and/or by the chem
10049	3	ion in the laboratory, using species of bacteria isolated from tree-holes of beech . these bact  olated from tree-holes of beech . these bacteria can be cultured in mixtures of different numbe  urrence of coevolutionary interactions. bacteria have been widely used to test evolutionary hyp
11784	1	ch include parasites of a wide range of invertebrates, most famously msx disease of oysters. th
10638	3	to the evolution of locally specialised fish. in such habitats it would not necessarily pay to   ise. in lake malawi hundreds of cichlid fish species have evolved in the lake, but this has not  evolution. the work will study the only fish in the malawi cichlid radiation that is present in
15318	4	core participants. in the case of plant-pollinator systems, pollination success is not determin  d by the interaction between plants and pollinators alone, but also by the direct and indirect   herbivores, seed predators, mycorrhizal fungi and also, possibly, by the yeasts that colonize f  equency and foraging behavior of animal pollinators, as well as aspects related to the performa
15131	4	es responsible for nitrogen fixation in legumes also remains to be studied. furthermore, the si  lete genome sequences of key endophytic bacteria, the genes involved in colonization and establ  ed in colonization and establishment of bacteria in planta can be identified. therefore, once t  al micromonospora strains isolated from legumes other than lupinus angustifolius; b to study th
9921	2	assessing the specific role of plants, fish and zooplankton on larval chironomid communities.   g the specific role of plants, fish and zooplankton on larval chironomid communities. this proj
15108	2	the use of nutrients and light between macrophytes and phytoplankton and its effect on bio-opt  ients and light between macrophytes and phytoplankton and its effect on bio-optical conditions
7203	3	. herbivorous insects and pathogens are the vectors are among those m  standing of the ecology of plant-eating insects and pathogens they are vectors, but also their   ic of potential habitat for herbivorous insects and organisms associated with them. these chara
214	3	versity of tropical microbes, including fungi, has received little attention, although these or  ent cycling the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical monodominance via host specificity an  erstanding of coevolution of plants and fungi, fungal biogeography and potentially explaining t
14163	8	cause changes in recruitment success of fish, presumably through either production or survival   or changes in the nursery habitats. for fish, a shift to exogenous feeding during the larval st  year-class strength. besides the larval fish environment, individual condition of mature fish i  ronment, individual condition of mature fish is as well important. recovery of depressed fish s  s well important. recovery of depressed fish stocks is of major global concern and information   f various life history stages of marine fish in the gulf of riga at different ecosystem regimes  tion success of suitable food by larval fish; by studying the density and spatial distribution   tical functions of early life stages of fish and help to identify critical factors why previous
1950	1	ereas all animals show senescence, most fungi are potentially immortal. the best studied exampl
15033	1	the introduction of invading exotic invertebrates in aquatic environments is a matter of co
10949	3	e estimates of export production to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technolog  n and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates t  of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ecomar proje
11056	3	e estimates of export production to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technolog  n and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates t  of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ecomar proje
11425	3	e estimates of export production to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technolog  n and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates t  of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ecomar proje
11432	3	e estimates of export production to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technolog  n and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates t  of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ecomar proje
9893	3	e estimates of export production to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technolog  n and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates t  of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ecomar proje
9900	3	e estimates of export production to the benthos of the mar. the use of remote sensing technolog  n and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates t  of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ecomar proje
2103	1	ria . we will focus on plankton-feeding fish and seabirds in the barents sea and the benguela s
13870	2	tor to both the individual cell and the phytoplankton community. the ultraviolet part of the so   knowledge crucial for predicting toxic phytoplankton blooms.
2208	4	fferent harvesting regimes by the local fish management areas on fish community and overall eco  s by the local fish management areas on fish community and overall ecosystem dynamics. • invest   • investigate the effects of different fish harvestings on ecosystem dynamics. focus will be o  hat is simple enough to be run by local fish management areas but sensitive enough to include m
2514	5	nother role is the impact planktivorous fish have on the ecosystem through depletion of plankto  ing 3d biophysical model to include the fish stocks listed in addition to the phyto and zooplan  cks listed in addition to the phyto and zooplankton. this model will integrate spatial dynamics   will integrate spatial dynamics of the fish stocks over the entire life cycle and their intera  ario. eco-harvest control rules for the fish stocks will be developed and evaluated.
14988	2	transport between algal assemblages and seagrass meadows. these three main points will be compl  f the above-mentioned hypothesis on the seagrass ecosystem functionality. ideally, and apart fr
14989	2	transport between algal assemblages and seagrass meadows. these three main points will be compl  f the above-mentioned hypothesis on the seagrass ecosystem functionality. ideally, and apart fr
7168	2	plexity, both spatially ectomycorrhizal fungi alien not only in terms of biodiversity conservat  he introduction of non-native symbiotic fungi. however, short- term changes can be observed wit
13741	1	al aerial photographs. vascular plants, lichens and beetles are quantified in sample plots and
15302	1	the freshwater fish fauna of the western mediterranean has clearly ins
198	2	to the chemical communication of these insects with their external environment will be given m  nisms of olfactory orientation of these insects will be explained also. some international coop
6910	1	ation on colonisation rate of aculeata, coleoptera and auchaenorrhynca assemblages. 3. effect o
10175	2	ne transcription in single filaments of cyanobacteria from laboratory cultures. quantitative pc  nd the insolation at depths where these cyanobacteria stratify in lakes.
2068	3	pecies interact for pollination through pollinator attraction and heterospesific pollination. m  experiment where the composition of the pollinator fauna is altered is conducted to examine if    conducted to examine if a shift in the pollinator fauna will have impacts on the plant species
13818	5	osition of nitrogen regulates growth of phytoplankton in lakes. increased n loading due to atmo  l differences in nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth in swedish lakes and if such diffe  , this project aims to test if n limits phytoplankton growth in areas with low n-deposition, if  oderately enhanced n-deposition, and if phytoplankton growth is p-limited in areas with high n-  ecies composition and the succession of phytoplankton in swedish lakes. lake sampling and nutri
13533	1	oduction of several species of salmonid fish. the climate can have direct effects on intake rat
15397	6	s, such as reproduction or migration in birds. increasing evidence suggests that environmental   bution, phenology and life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming majority of studies co   temporal and spatial scales in several birds in mediterranean ecosystems. our main aims are to  imate warming on life history traits of birds using long-term data in mediterranean ecosystems.  mperatures on fecundity and survival of birds: an experimental approach. 3. effects of environm  ty and differentiation of insectivorous birds living in wetlands and their implications in a cl
2080	1	ate change may have profound effects on insects that cause widespread tree mortality and have s
13855	1	anipulate nutrient load only. moreover, macroalgae have a fundamental role as basic habitat for
10814	1	generation has had such responsibility. coral reefs are the most biologically diverse of marine
13829	1	, a field experiment on polypore-living insects was done the first year. three manuscripts base
2005	2	ll detemine changes in the abundance of fungi and bacteria, as well as functional groups within  e changes in the abundance of fungi and bacteria, as well as functional groups within thes micr
2095	2	ts cannot be synthesized de novo by the fish, but stem from the natural food of the species. ca  nd negative effects on the viability of fish eggs and larvae. the main positive effect is likel
423	2	ies, abundance of the small subtropical fish species increased, while the abundance of the larg  are not easily linked to changes in the fish community. this is du to the fact that no relation
7140	1	in maintaining ecological diversity in fish communities of the Gulf of Gascony in the last thr
14966	3	analysed on the community structure of algae, macroinvertebrates and fish, before and after th  ed on the community structure of algae, macroinvertebrates and fish, before and after the extre  ucture of algae, macroinvertebrates and fish, before and after the extreme events of low flow .
13967	2	ield experiments, focal observations of pollinator behavior and monitoring of pollinator abunda  f pollinator behavior and monitoring of pollinator abundance. pollination service will be estim
13849	6	road passes can lead to extinctions of fish populations, while species introductions can cause  tions can cause extinctions of isolated fish populations and a homogenization of the fish fauna  populations and a homogenization of the fish fauna at the landscape level. to increase our unde  ke from the sea, we will use remains of fish scales and zooplankton in lake sediments. effects    we will use remains of fish scales and zooplankton in lake sediments. effects of introductions  mmun including before and after data on fish assemblages, and documentation of dispersal barrie
540	1	ral overlap between larvae hatching and zooplankton development.
15184	3	waterbirds are effective dispersers of zooplankton and phytoplankton species, but their signif  effective dispersers of zooplankton and phytoplankton species, but their significance for aquat  ies, but their significance for aquatic bacteria and viruses remains unexplored. the general go
15315	3	waterbirds are effective dispersers of zooplankton and phytoplankton species, but their signif  effective dispersers of zooplankton and phytoplankton species, but their significance for aquat  ies, but their significance for aquatic bacteria and viruses remains practically unexplored. th
15245	4	gmentation and restoration on plant and pollinator communities and on interactions between thes  dered to be one of the major drivers of pollinator diversity loss, but the processes through wh   relation to species persistence. plant-pollinator interactions will also be surveyed to charac  ndscape change on the topology of plant-pollinator networks.
13953	1	ss and fragmentation on biodiversity of macrofauna using mussel beds as a model system. habitat
13830	6	antity for the recruitment potential of fish using coastal nursery grounds. the quality of coas  irectly from the viability of the adult fish stocks, but requires local investigations of the n  ed increase in the cover of filamentous macroalgae in the coastal zone over the last decades. d  ion on how the recruitment potential of fish populations is affected. in this project i will te  est hypothesis concerning the effect of algae on distribution, growth and survival of juvenile   bution, growth and survival of juvenile fish in the coastal zone. the effect of juvenile growth
14741	1	as caused an important proliferation of macrophytes, probably accentuated by the increasing hyd
11547	2	be re-measured in free-living infected birds to evaluate change in immune function as infectio  munocompetence will be measured in ~180 birds from each of the four populations using the pha s
2136	6	rwegian sea harbors some of the largest fish stocks in the world, including norwegian spring sp   the interactions between planktivorous fish stocks in general and in the norwegian sea in part  sive data sets on physics, plankton and fish distribution from collaborating norwegian, russian  data driven 3d distributions of the key fish stocks and quantify their overlap and interactions  s of carrying capacity of planktivorous fish and distribution of fish stocks among economic zon   planktivorous fish and distribution of fish stocks among economic zones.
12172	1	pparent benefits at the field scale for birds, by often holding greater diversity and sometimes
13968	2	ormorants are often accused of reducing fish populations and destroying the vegetation on nesti  on nesting islands. while the effect on fish populations have received considerable research in
14184	3	er the physiological functioning of the insects and result in interferences in preparations for  ticides on the physiology of beneficial insects. minor, externally invisible transformations ca   influence of pesticides over important insects development and physiology. the complex equipme
13739	1	ominated clear-water state to a turbid, phytoplankton dominated state, result in a dramatic red
11869	1	the photosynthetic picoplankton. marine cyanobacteria of the closely-related genera prochloroco
11393	1	invertebrate community biodiversity and fish abundance 4. gain a more fundamental understanding
12045	3	ergence of new plant diseases caused by fungi during the last century, human activity has great  seases, among which > 30% are caused by fungi on plants. to better assess the risks of emergenc  portant factors: dispersal processes in fungi, their ability to adapt and the impact of environ
15161	7	obial population due to the activity of macrophytes. however, fundamental interactions between   s on nitrogen metabolism. to obtain new bacteria and archaea isolates is one of the major focus  arities to those obtained from cultured bacteria. this idea points to the extended conviction t  lyze and compare the impact of emergent macrophytes in the diversity and activity of microorgan  igher degree of stability to the living bacteria. this diversity has been intensively studied u  nt and the metabolism of the prevailing bacteria. bacterial communities are key factors in wast  nhance the comprehension of the role of bacteria in planted systems for wastewater treatment.
10734	3	possible to collect a wide diversity of invertebrates and other small animals present in soil,   . these are highly unusual relatives of fungi that are adapted to live inside the cells of a va  ically important animals such as farmed fish and honeybees. microsporidia have been found in al
13762	1	backs and declines caused by pathogenic fungi are common in deciduous forests of sweden and eur
10452	2	related to the breeding success of the birds and that albatrosses of different breeding succes  particular comparing the performance of birds that failed with those that were successful in re
14655	1	in the energy storage levels of aquatic insects living under different types and degrees of env
10995	1	em will be british populations of sweat bees.
11053	1	em will be british populations of sweat bees.
11787	1	em will be british populations of sweat bees.
14922	5	s, such as reproduction or migration in birds. increasing evidence suggests that environmental   reeding phenology and life histories of birds. however, the overwhelming studies conducted in t  scale in several small- and large-sized birds in mediterranean ecosystems. our main aims are to  istory traits of small- and large-sized birds in the iberian peninsula with special emphasis on  s on survival and dispersion of several birds at several spatial and temporal scales.3. effects
10462	3	the ability of some fish to survive in both freshwater and seawater represe   and hyper-osmotic challenge in teleost fish. this will be achieved by the screening of micro a  he control of osmoregulation in teleost fish to be constructed.
13970	3	major barriers to gene flow in coastal fish species in the baltic sea and to relate the barrie  istory variability and heterogeneity in fish community structure with barriers to gene flow, an  for the spatial distribution of coastal fish populations.
15444	2	l covers different trophic levels, from bacteria to amphibians and/or fish, including field sur  els, from bacteria to amphibians and/or fish, including field surveys and small experiments, al
10592	1	nal genes for methanotrophs, rt-pcr and fish. we will test the hypothesis that soluble methane
11593	3	tropical coral reefs are among the most important centres of mar  tion might result in a dramatic loss of coral reefs within this century. increasing stress for   atures and decreasing ph. the future of coral reefs is strongly dependent on the capability of
10813	6	kind of pox - were reported from common birds in the uk. while pox is found in many birds, this  s in the uk. while pox is found in many birds, this usually occurs in low frequency and often w   have been found to cause death in wild birds, but otherwise very little is known about how the   transmitted and what effects it has on birds. this new form of pox seems to infect tits, in pa  nderstand the effect of this disease on birds, but also to study the factors determining its sp  s new disease poses to common uk garden birds, as well as to develop an understanding of the wa
9875	2	y the largest threat to biodiversity of birds globally and is likely to be a major threat to ot  nt ecosystem services, including higher pollinator abundance and cleaner waterways. many studie
2517	2	econ project proposes methane-oxidizing bacteria in the set of habitats and disturbances will b  gether knowledge on the process and the bacteria, expertise on experimental design and molecula
2516	3	ogenetic groups of known methylotrophic bacteria, which include proteobacteria and gram-positiv  nclude proteobacteria and gram-positive bacteria, alternative non-orthologous modules exist for  lotrophy to biotechnologically relevant bacteria as a new modular platform for methanol-based p
2041	1	d on biological information on relevant fish stocks, for sustainable and responsible exploitati
12396	1	from physics through biogeochemistry to fish, it will develop tools that will generate new info
7242	1	approaches such as biomanipulations of fish communities, such as fight against eutrophication,
13784	3	on resistant and potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as the tularemia bacterium francisella t  ence of general predation-resistance in bacteria in the same productivity gradient, by performi  cal gym for the evolution of pathogenic bacteria.
10336	3	the indian ocean were not protected by coral reefs. these reefs act as sea defences and can ab   information about the condition of the coral reefs before the tsunami waves hit the reefs. we   ion of global climate change effects on coral reefs e.g bleaching or loss of coral colour / a s
12444	4	ved sahfos continuous plankton recorder fish larval samples from uk shelf seas from 1948 to the  tion to environment, plankton and adult fish. evaluate how different species of fish have respo  fish. evaluate how different species of fish have responded to past environmental changes at th  s of environmental change on commercial fish stocks. the project will also maximise utilisation
13807	1	used to predict the extinction risks of lichens given different conservation scenarios. in part
7415	2	. the decline of many species of common birds found across europe is part of this process. one   ood supplies during the winter when the birds should cover important energy needs. even though
1961	2	he non-diapause temperature response of insects is usually described by two parameters, thresho  rmal time relative to physical time. in insects, there is a large degree of inter-species varia
13716	2	e dramatic declines of swedish farmland birds, reflecting european trends, have been attributed  mes to restore biodiversity of farmland birds in sweden
2537	4	as well as cannibalism and martyrdom in bacteria. these two processes are fascinating strategie   of pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria. horizontal gene transfer and incorporation of  on of dna from other organisms, enables bacteria to sample the entire prokaryotic, archeal and   ole in bacterial evolution by providing bacteria with a source of genetic variation required fo
14918	3	e of the richest and endemic freshwater fish fauna, being the family cyprinidae one of the main  y cyprinidae one of the main freshwater fish group inhabiting these water systems. cyprinids ar  cal hypothesis. in addition, freshwater fish communities have recently experienced a strong mod
10383	1	ants .
15158	2	variability reflects adaptation through pollinators, there is increasing evidence that other fa  out the importance of selection through pollinators as opposed to other factors in the evolutio
15073	2	o the evolution of one of the groups of insects that fulfils a great number of requirements to   c relationships in one of the groups of insects with higher speciation rates.
9803	2	ne cleaning symbiosis, in which cleaner fish inspect client reef fish for parasites, but may ch   which cleaner fish inspect client reef fish for parasites, but may cheat by biting client tiss
10266	3	eration exist: from sterile soldiers in ants that do not reproduce and only work for the colony  t altruists are usually family members: ants and other social insects for example help their si  y family members: ants and other social insects for example help their sisters by helping the n
14776	4	se interactions with the most efficient pollinators, and is expressed both at the microevolutio  pe by quantifying the selective role of pollinators, and determine the spatial variation in sel  ios provoked by a concomitant change in pollinator fauna. second, we will explore the effect of   will explore the effect of a change in pollinator fauna and the potential for selective diverg
14488	3	riation of clutch size of insectivorous birds at different scales. this project continues with   pulation level in several insectivorous birds in a climate change scenario in the mediterranean   on the determination of clutch size in birds.
10178	1	he adaptive significance of melanism in insects. recent research has focussed on the strong cor
11652	1	he adaptive significance of melanism in insects. recent research has focussed on the strong cor
13323	2	estrial ecosystems: trees, phytophagous insects and mycorrhizal fungi. the functional role of t  s, phytophagous insects and mycorrhizal fungi. the functional role of trees as drivers of biodi
2064	1	of rivers with brown trout as the only fish species. the project will study effects of the int
10038	3	wild population, using parental care in birds as our model system. parental care in birds is a   s as our model system. parental care in birds is a good framework for this type of test because  framework for this type of test because birds provide many of the classic examples in sexual se
14605	1	he reproductive behaviour of a group of insects with very diversified strategies. the goals are
10273	2	tivity in a wild population of european birds. several recent studies have demonstrated this ea  ng the timing of breeding of individual birds we will estimate the rate at which the population
10528	1	is of particular importance given that insects and therefore the majority of living animal div
9811	3	individuals using dinoponera queenless ants as a model system. in queenless ants a colony is h  ss ants as a model system. in queenless ants a colony is headed by a mated worker . conflict be   for conflict and policing in queenless ants.
9868	2	udies of two closely related species of fish by the investigators have revealed evidence for an  s of experiments on sticklebacks, using fish drawn from multiple natural populations, to assess
11537	1	ween plant communities and hydrology in fynbos habitat in the cape of south africa will be used
7531	2	tification of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria legumes. this project also aims to conduct a p  n of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria legumes. this project also aims to conduct a pilot stud
7383	1	ght discontinuities in the evolution of fungi
10454	1	ssociated with archaea and thermophilic bacteria, are considerably more widespread and structur
11523	1	ssociated with archaea and thermophilic bacteria, are considerably more widespread and structur
2107	1	bout 10 times of what might be found in phytoplankton dominated waters. resent research have al
12196	1	uced soil erosion and run-off, enhanced pollinator services and increased resilience of biodive
7301	2	ite the importance of this scenario for pollinator conservation and the introduction of parasit  or conservation and the introduction of parasitoids, its relevance has not been assessed. our p
14646	1	stribution and abundance of terrestrial birds within the framework of biogeographical ecology a
14201	2	ecies richness, cover or composition of lichens on estonian alvars. we intend to relate the tot  hness on alvars and species richness of lichens on particular substrate group to size and conne
13597	1	and diversity at the local scale. since bacteria are key drivers of ecosystem function, it is o
14624	4	stribution, abundance and production of fish in several reservoirs from the river guadalquivir   bution, abundance and production of the fish species in eleven reservoirs of different age, cap  bution, abundance and production of the fish. this analysis will allow to elaborate simple mode  ill allow to elaborate simple models of fish dynamics in our dammed waters, as well as to test
14746	4	osystems and, unfortunately, the amazon fish community is not an exception. land erosion has mo  an exception. land erosion has modified fish habitats and threatens species diversity. the rest  ever, the mechanisms that maintain high fish diversity in amazonian ecosystem are unknown. ecol  hat determine community assembly in the fish community of the amazon. we will approach the stud
10294	3	ne is produced annually by methanogenic bacteria in anaerobic soils and sediments much of which  arried out by aerobic methane oxidising bacteria. bacteria which grow on methane as sole carbon   by aerobic methane oxidising bacteria. bacteria which grow on methane as sole carbon source ha
10848	2	distribution. many species of deep-sea fish are opportunistic scavengers and show a bigger-dee  iet of several species of benthopelagic fish to assess the importance of scavenging, seasonalit
14565	1	phagidae and cryptophagidae families of coleoptera.
15413	1	ublished regarding this group of marine invertebrates; a third is currently being revised and a
6882	2	l investigations we shall recollect the macrofauna of the existing sites, we intend to look for  stigate some boreholes, too. beside the macrofauna we shall investigate also the microfauna fro
12217	2	bility study into the potential of crop pollinators to act as delivery agents of entomopathogen   as delivery agents of entomopathogenic fungi for invertebrate pest control
2184	1	shwaters with their salmonid fishes and zooplankton prey will be used as case studies. these sy
13971	6	idly and feeds efficiently on plankton, fish larvae and eggs. a permanent establishment may the  ase scenario lead to regime shifts from fish to jellyfish dominance. in the black sea, fisherie   we will estimate predation pressure on zooplankton and fish larvae. reproductive potential and  e predation pressure on zooplankton and fish larvae. reproductive potential and survival will b   detection and may therefore outcompete fish when light environment changes, for ex. due to eut  r ex. due to eutrophication. effects on fish by contemporary changes in optical and temperature
15042	1	b to experimentally test the effects of macroinvertebrates on the establishment and maintenance
12221	2	he abundance and diversity of weeds and invertebrates using fse-standard methods. the suitabili  tigate the use of both biomass crops by birds in relation to cropping scale.
6819	3	ch we will continue our monitoring-type fish parasitological and faunistic studies started earl  f this work we will collect data on the fish species of lake balaton, the kis-balaton reservoir   attention to studying the parasites of fish that will get into lake balaton with the planned w
2209	1	nning of a suite of applied problems in fish and wildlife management in sweden. it also aims at
11327	4	nic carbonate production by marine bony fish. these animals ingest sea water and are now known   n combined with new estimates of global fish biomass, it is clear that it makes a major contrib  sually high content of magnesium, these fish carbonates are predicted to be more soluble on the  ng potential of carbonates derived from fish. this would help explain a mystery of ocean chemis
2201	3	ecosystem effects of introduced exotic fish it can be of advantage to use experiences and data  ogically similar natural and introduced fish species. this will be done through: i to compile t  ng in successful establishment of alien fish and their ecological impact find out the role of s
6974	2	electronic version of the book entitled fish fauna of hungary by ákos harka and zoltán sallai,   ct would complete the description of 90 fish species, 21 figures, 90 distribution maps and 100
2200	2	and characterize species, habitats and fish assemblages where non-indigenous fish species have  d fish assemblages where non-indigenous fish species have established in the drainage area of t
11677	5	fish kills are a common occurrence in shallow, european  ecies and in some cases a lake s entire fish population. fish have a strong influence on food-w   cases a lake s entire fish population. fish have a strong influence on food-webs in shallow la  ectable post-kill decline in numbers of fish scales. furthermore we will determine the conseque  effectively lake sediments might record fish kills and other food-web changes in shallow lakes.
15585	1	h, analysing data and predicting future fish distributions at multiple spatial scales ranging f
2133	2	orldwide, overfishing depletes numerous fish stocks, threatening fisheries economy, biodiversit  sitates a thorough understanding of how fish populations respond to the fishing pressure. in th
12066	1	er understanding of the determinants of fish species likely to lead to different patterns of vu
1996	5	ration is a widespread phenomenon among birds. rather than being a unitary character, there is   main scarce, however, as most migratory birds are difficult to follow throughout their annual c  fitness components spoonbills are large birds that use only a restricted number of breeding and  success and seasonal survival rates for birds that breed versus winter in different areas, and   off that spoonbills and other migratory birds make between breeding in temperate and wintering
2500	2	the annual cycles of many animals. for birds breeding in seasonal environments of the northern  es movement. life-history strategies in birds are often classified according to such spatiotemp
15447	2	ers offer nectar as the main reward for pollinators. numerous studies indicate that the nectar   is independent of the commonest type of pollinator on its flowers .
15177	1	ry context, if the preferences shown by pollinators and herbivores are likely to affect the mai
14794	2	bioaccumulation in different species of macrophytes, benthic macroinvertebrates and fishes inha  fferent species of macrophytes, benthic macroinvertebrates and fishes inhabiting the duraton ri
11661	1	between 1990 and 2007, only 26% of the birds were identified to species.
13369	1	o been implemented on wild relatives of legumes in different regions in collaboration with fore
14828	1	f population regulation for territorial birds. combined under the traditional density-dependent
9838	4	e than one class of natural enemy. with insects, most terrestrial food webs are highly biased t  ial food webs are highly biased towards parasitoids while most aquatic food webs are equally bi  uct a web containing both predators and parasitoids . detailed data on the parasitoids already    and parasitoids . detailed data on the parasitoids already exists but, as in other terrestrial
14836	2	fferent studies have reported that some cyanobacteria communities produce microcystins in medit  evels near 4 ppb evaluating the role of cyanobacteria biofilms on the ecological stoichiometry
210	10	general and widespread shortage of pollinator abundance and diversity in agricultural land  g the species richness and abundance of pollinators in these habitats. the aims of this project  ersity on community structure of bumble bees will be investigated. 2. to determine the nutritio   nutritional value of various crops for bees and to specify their agronomic requirements. for t  s purpose, the resource partitioning of bees in relation to availability of nectar and pollen i  r and the physiological state of bumble bees. for this purpose, bumble bee foraging behaviour w  s exchange cycles and heart activity of bees poisoned by pesticides. these new insights will ai  egies to protect both wild and domestic pollinators and help develop more effective agri-enviro  nvironment schemes that aim to conserve pollinators. provision of adequate pollination services   of native flora, which in turn benefit pollinator populations.
9970	2	ical predictions in free-ranging marine fish predators. the proposed research will lest the hyp  ing from the optimal diet model, that a fish predator has higher search times per prey item con
11359	2	ical predictions in free-ranging marine fish predators. the proposed research will lest the hyp  ing from the optimal diet model, that a fish predator has higher search times per prey item con
13464	1	diverse communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi that contribute to the uptake and transfer of dif
14972	1	iversity along a stress gradient, using lichens communities. the specific objectives are: 1. to
13459	1	iciency from basal trophic levels up to zooplankton. the capacity of the lake ecosystems to ret
13873	12	effects on the interaction of epiphytic lichens, invertebrates and birds. there is a strong cor  n the interaction of epiphytic lichens, invertebrates and birds. there is a strong correlation   of epiphytic lichens, invertebrates and birds. there is a strong correlation between abundance   relation between abundance of epiphytic lichens and abundance of invertebrates in boreal forest  e of epiphytic lichens and abundance of invertebrates in boreal forests. however, many epiphyti  boreal forests. however, many epiphytic lichens have declined drastically due to forestry. the   pattern is found for some non-migratory birds, e.g. tits. my hypothesis is that high invertebra  ng bird-mediated giving up densities of invertebrates in bird territories located in lichen-ric   differences among species of epiphytic lichens, different species probably provide separate ha  s probably provide separate habitats to invertebrates. in light of that some lichen species hav  due to forestry, species composition of lichens will be related to species composition of inver  ll be related to species composition of invertebrates. the proposed research will be especially
10399	1	ent woodlands. a proportion of whatever insects are living in the woodlands will end up being d
15383	1	a methodology for co-cultures protozoa-bacteria that improves the isolation of these intracell
10682	2	batesian mimicry theory with aggressive fish mimics parasitising indo-pacific cleanerfish and t  sing indo-pacific cleanerfish and their fish clients. using field data, i will test if the succ
12038	7	predicting diversity of freshwater fish communities: a framework for global changes assess   for one of the best known taxa, namely fish, habitat loss, flow modification, industrial pollu  ter availability and endanger many more fish species in the near future and is thought to repre  ep for elaborating predictive models of fish biodiversity changes in response to ongoing and fu  s occurrence for the world’s freshwater fish fauna at the river drainage basin scale and endemi  e to project future rates of freshwater fish extinction following variations in river drainage    chance to counteract actual and future fish species loss by preferentially focusing conservati
14603	1	poc formation has been associated with phytoplankton biomass growth, neglecting microparticles
1972	1	t shoot-feeding aphids and root-feeding nematodes. additionally, we will analyse how the natura
2539	3	to the ground where they are carried by ants into the brood chamber of the nest. here they eith  ever, lepidochrysops species parasitize ants in the subfamily formicinae, whereas maculinea spe  ion and management of these specialized insects, their hosts and habitats.
9872	2	ood will be rapidly digested by aerobic bacteria and fungi. the team believes that the now prec  apidly digested by aerobic bacteria and fungi. the team believes that the now precariously frag
14685	2	ehaviour patterns is well documented in birds. however, there are still large gaps in our knowl  lution of condition-dependent traits in birds, as well as their physiological underlying mechan
13753	1	ors of human infectious diseases. these insects locate and identify suitable hosts using olfact
10263	4	s of many marine organisms ranging from bacteria, algae, small animals, whales and even humans   marine organisms ranging from bacteria, algae, small animals, whales and even humans are influe  ain diatom-krill-whale is depend on ice algae because they provide food for young krill when ot  spite the significance of polar sea ice algae virtually nothing is know about their fundamental
7641	1	e adaptive potential and bioremediation bacteria. this functional characterization allows highl
11577	1	te-changing process occurs in different bacteria. so, in the not-too-distant future, we, and ot
14136	5	habitats where the roles of mycorrhizal fungi are substantial. this proposal aims to assess the  h of plants and functional groups of am fungi. 3.assess biomass production of plants as a funct  on of different functional groups of am fungi. there is limited data on the functional structur  il- based and monoxenic culturing of am fungi, real-time pcr and plfa based quantification of a  pcr and plfa based quantification of am fungi, pyrosequencing for fungal identification, cdna-a
13939	3	the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi is high even at small spatial scales but the fact  soil horizon have been demonstrated for fungi colonising root tips and forming mycelia in a pod  ctions for the large diversity of these fungi in soil. field studies of the realised niche of d
418	1	dies have measured interactions between soil microorganisms and plant diversity. our purpose is
1953	1	in lake victoria haplochromine cichlid fish. in a multidisciplinary approach we study the fuii
12034	2	articular type of root association with fungi: the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. the ectomycorrhiz  hat the contribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi to the degradation of forest litters have to date
11079	9	onfined to a narrow range of specialist fungi: basidiomycetes and a few ascomycetes. thus, thes  etes and a few ascomycetes. thus, these fungi are central to carbon and nutrient cycling, and y  d attached dead branches. moreover, the fungi that start the process are already latently prese  tional. when the wood dries, the latent fungi grow throughout the wood as mycelium and begin th  d begin the decay process. later, other fungi, arriving as spores, fight with those already pre  wood by pre-colonising wood slices with fungi that are primary colonizers of attached beech bra  ertain species effectively select which fungi follow them, by leaving colonized slices on the f  y how antagonistic interactions between fungi affect decay rate. when fungi interact, the outco  s between fungi affect decay rate. when fungi interact, the outcome can be deadlock in which ne
10832	10	invertebrate herbivores and pathogenic fungi, by the production of chemicals, active against t  baceous plants, the number of endophyte fungi may be ten times that found in a grass or a tree.  ar in the laboratory. remarkably, these fungi have escaped attention by ecologists. do they exi  by reducing the growth of the symbiotic fungi. finally, when we have discovered the factors tha  m to those in uninfected plants and the fungi themselves. why is this work important because it  emicals in plants are produced by these fungi, rather than the plants themselves, this could ha   control agents. we could inoculate the fungi into crop plants and so protect the plant from th  d s worst weeds and all attempts to use insects or pathogenic fungi as biological control agent  l attempts to use insects or pathogenic fungi as biological control agents of it have failed. w  how that they protect the plant against insects, then in weeds, we can start to manipulate fung
7293	1	are colonized by invisible microscopic fungi that create no symptoms, called endophytes. folia
10187	8	ant are inhabited by a special class of fungi, endophytic fungi, that show limited development   by a special class of fungi, endophytic fungi, that show limited development in the leaves and   d cause no visible symptoms. endophylic fungi do not colonise the leaf or reproduce until the l  here are a huge diversity of endophytic fungi we know very little about what they do or how the  owever it has been suggested that these fungi may play a role in protecting the plant against p   protecting the plant against parasitic fungi that destroy the leaves. we aim to test this hypo   comparing the damage done by parasitic fungi when they attack scots pine needles that either c  hods for genetically fingerprinting the fungi. this will allow us to recognise different indivi
7437	1	nce of the habitat to the dispersion of pollinators. assistance requested focuses on the recrui
11240	2	urce for a variety of animals including fish, sea birds and aquatic mammals. they migrate in a    variety of animals including fish, sea birds and aquatic mammals. they migrate in a predictabl
11497	2	urce for a variety of animals including fish, sea birds and aquatic mammals. they migrate in a    variety of animals including fish, sea birds and aquatic mammals. they migrate in a predictabl
15238	1	the aim of predicting whether migratory birds will be able to track the rapid environmental cha
7547	3	last 10 years, studies of environmental bacteria were performed without knowing the identity of  rformed without knowing the identity of bacteria. they have, however, shown the key role occupi  anisms in the genetic diversity of wild bacteria, and their links with their environment. this
11015	1	uals that grow and divide by feeding on bacteria. upon starvation, however, up to 100,000 amoeb
9991	1	uals that grow and divide by feeding on bacteria. upon starvation, however, up to 100,000 amoeb
11209	1	anogaster to changes in temperature and parasitoid attack will be studied using whole-genome an
10766	1	as been found that a species of mexican fish with extreme differences in male and female morpho
14219	1	ic salmon populations with captive-bred fish is a common practice in the baltic sea for both co
10198	1	it is estimated that picoplanktonic cyanobacteria contribute between 5 and 80% to the total
2111	2	essment. the replacement of traditional fish feed with ge feed and the development of new gener  alter the present production systems of fish feed , wild fisheries and finally the market. the
10948	1	comparatively well-studied taxa such as birds. in this project, we aim to develop a statistical
11539	1	eration, the rearing of brood by social insects. adult workers would benefit by preferentially
12433	1	stock movements collected under ongoing fish tagging programmes, and will provide a valuable li
13525	2	important species. the degree to which fish genetic resources are depleted is unknown, however  omoting sustainable management of these fish resources
13580	3	cesses. by comparing the communities of arthropods and pathogens on gm and un-modified poplars   traits support a different community of arthropods and pathogens than un-modified poplars. furt  l affect decomposition processes, macro-invertebrates in aquatic systems, biotic interactions a
11137	4	causing a form to diverge. one group of birds, called white-eyes, are very successful at coloni  c region, there are many forms of these birds and because there have often been multiple invasi  nsible for the diversification of these birds. other processes may also contribute to diversifi  fluence patterns of diversification. in birds, song is crucial in determining the formation of
1995	1	genetic basis of adaptation in nasonia parasitoid wasps. there exist three closely related nas
14547	1	gmented habitats in europe. steppe-land birds living in steppes and pseudosteppes are a basic l
2552	4	is produced in several groups of marine phytoplankton. dmsp appears to act both as an osmolyte   ocessing, sensing and uptake of dmsp in phytoplankton are unknown. here, we propose to use func  quences of three ecologically important phytoplankton species: the diatom t. pseudonana, the ha  p and dms in three important classes of phytoplankton. implementation of this knowledge into su
10761	5	species of invertebrate carry inherited bacteria-bacteria that live inside cells and transmit f  f invertebrate carry inherited bacteria-bacteria that live inside cells and transmit from a fem   through her egg, to her progeny. these bacteria have emerged as very important components of t   filarial worms require their wolbachia bacteria, leading to a recognition and filarial disease   wolbachia may give us clues to how the bacteria kills its host. this has both practical and in
10532	1	marine bacteria are probably the most abundant group of organi
11200	3	the dna will be obtained directly from bacteria in soils at the unique rothamsted broadbalk ex  important biogeochemical cycle, even in bacteria that cannot be cultured. we will also determin  tal differences on biodiversity of soil bacteria, at the levels of the genes, the processes, th
2027	9	compare it across related species. the parasitoid-host interaction is particularly suitable fo   studying rapid evolutionary responses. parasitoids are insects whose larvae kill other insects  evolutionary responses. parasitoids are insects whose larvae kill other insects while developin  ids are insects whose larvae kill other insects while developing on their bodies. they are impo  ne defences to encapsulate and kill the parasitoid eggs. natural populations of drosophila diff  ffer genetically in their resistance to parasitoids. this can be exploited to find crucial info  laboratory one can select for increased parasitoid resistance. in this research, i will investi  ariation enabled the rapid acquiring of parasitoid resistance during artificial selection. fina  fy the conserved functional elements in parasitoid resistance among the 12 sequenced drosophila
15478	1	lities by an otherwise diverse group of bacteria, with implications not only on rhizobiology bu
7298	2	fynbos project aims to characterize viral diversity pre  ersity present in a wild ecosystem, the fynbos of cap1, and within the bordering agrosystems. g
14524	3	ing abundance distribution of wintering birds in farmlands of northern spain, a habitat formed   s well as for many local populations of birds breeding in the surrounding tree plantations and   ying capacity of the area for wintering birds, which is of interest to improve management strat
10644	2	undreds of millions of people depend on coral reefs for their livelihood and source of food. al  ich, through a mutualism with symbiotic algae, are able to deposit a coral skeleton. unfortunat
10424	1	distribution and biology of the world s birds to perform the first statistically rigorous study
10665	1	distribution and biology of the world s birds to perform the first statistically rigorous study
10683	1	distribution and biology of the world s birds to perform the first statistically rigorous study
9899	1	distribution and biology of the world s birds to perform the first statistically rigorous study
7212	2	ty and function of three main groups of invertebrates: worms, termites and beetle larvae scarab  ild a database on the diversity of soil macrofauna in madagascar and conserve species described
452	2	the functions of three major groups of invertebrates: earthworms, termites and coléoptères sca  of three major groups of invertebrates: earthworms, termites and coléoptères scarabeoidea larva
15171	3	lap between the information provided by birds and butterflies on the effects of global change o  sess large scale monitoring projects on birds and butterflies. this project will firstly addres  tial and temporal diversity patterns of birds and butterflies in a mediterranean region .
13802	4	ate changes. in order to understand how birds respond to these changes we need to understand ho  ifferent reproductive variables in wild birds. the major stepping-stone from environmental vari  ns are. in the long run this means that birds breeding at northern latitudes will breed at less  he further global warming goes - unless birds rapidly adapt to the new environmental conditions
2075	3	introduced by: 1. dna transformation of bacteria, 2. by microinjection of engineered expression  o oocytes, 3. by letting filter-feeding zooplankton and mussels feed on genetically engineered   eered dna constructs, and 4. by letting zooplankton and mussels feed on powders/particles made
13889	3	2th international conference on harmful algae. the meeting is organized by a swedish-danish col  rnational scientific society on harmful algae, and will be held september 4-8, 2006, in copenha  the international conference on harmful algae is held every other year and is the biggest and m
12157	4	g the densities of seed-eating farmland birds in pastoral-dominated landscapes. ryegrass can pr  i-environment measure aimed at farmland birds on livestock farms. however, it is unclear how se  o assess the attractiveness to foraging birds of 0.5ha blocks of ryegrass allowed to set seed a  seed in the winter diets of granivorous birds will be assessed through the microscopic examinat
2504	3	ling in a fjord area providing enhanced phytoplankton concentration and production. in this pro  oject we hypothesize that this enhanced phytoplankton production can efficiently be exploited t  to the specific environment of enhanced phytoplankton production from forced upwelling. by impl
1932	3	specifically we assume that especially parasitoids or predators are susceptible to habitat fra  o their hosts leading to the absence of parasitoids in fragmented populations and a greater ext  ore tyria jacobaeae and the specialized parasitoid cotesia popularis. for this tritrophic syste
11365	1	ructed for bracken herbivores and their parasitoids over a 3-year period in patches representin
9955	3	cs are provided in great abundance. the birds breed less successfully at high density because o  ns of the characteristics of individual birds, to test how this affects the quality of the site  a few young between pairs of nests: the birds that are reared in reduced broods grow better and
13602	1	tant ecosystem function provided by the insects. we will compare the community reassembly patte
2175	1	tions to restore destroyed habitats and fish nursery areas, including barren ground areas and i
10483	4	surface and recordings will be made of fish, deep-sea shrimps and any other animals attracted   st living images of the world s deepest fish abyssobrotula galatheae thought to occur down to 8  l eels which have been filmed consuming fish and marine mammal carcasses at depths down to 5900  h information from shallower depths. if fish thrive down to 6000m with a constant cut-off at th
12379	4	phytoplankton is the collective name given to the micro  er certain conditions, the abundance of phytoplankton as a whole or of one or more species in p  des'. blooms of some 300 species of the phytoplankton are known as harmful algal bloom use the   ll be examined in detail using selected phytoplankton data sets from uk, irish and norwegian wa
13598	1	phytoplankton production is dynamic and the occurrence
2152	6	n the industry. estimated growth in the fish farming industry is supposed to cause a permanent   hic levels, comprised by populations of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish. a fishery on plankton  ulations of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish. a fishery on plankton should not be developed wit  n general and on commercially harvested fish stocks in particular. the overall goal of harvest   ndance estimates, assess keys stocks of zooplankton and quantify ecological consequences of har  equirement for commercial planktivorous fish stocks. the results will be disseminated as advice
2528	6	n the industry. estimated growth in the fish farming industry is supposed to cause a permanent   hic levels, comprised by populations of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish. a fishery on plankton  ulations of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish. a fishery on plankton should not be developed wit  n general and on commercially harvested fish stocks in particular. the overall goal is to impro  bundance estimates and assess stocks of zooplankton to enable quantification of ecological cons  equirement for commercial planktivorous fish stocks. the results will be disseminated as advice
14679	2	e of the photosynthetic activity of the algae, and they are also responsible of the greatest pa  , currently the knowledge regarding the algae community of the tinto river and their role in th
14777	1	ngoing studies on the helminthfaunas of birds and mammals in the canary islands back in 1998. t
7217	2	for decision makers and users. however, seagrass meadows are poorly studied ecosystems on these  quantify the impact of human impacts on seagrass. the expected products are also advanced in te
7434	2	d functional biodiversity of freshwater fish and provide innovative solutions for managers in a  of heritage and functional diversity of fish communities, in order to provide assistance to man
2125	5	erate and arctic europe, are covered by lichens, the lichen-mineral interface has been especial  gal kingdom; it is a small ecosystem of bacteria, fungi , and algae. however, little is known a  m; it is a small ecosystem of bacteria, fungi , and algae. however, little is known about the e  mall ecosystem of bacteria, fungi , and algae. however, little is known about the entire biolog  ochemical processes, the mini-ecosystem lichens, the ecology of microbes, for our global geneti
11168	1	bonate deposits targetted are formed by algae and host very diverse communities of associated o
15004	1	project, all the ecological studies of parasitoid fauna associated to aphids and psyllids, as
11640	2	ty of plumage and bill-shapes. hawaiian birds are an ideal set of species with which to study e   because a large proportion of hawaiian birds are known to have gone extinct, and detailed hist
2135	4	f great importance to arctic freshwater fish by influencing gonad development and individual gr  ubsequent year class strength. by using fish otolith-derived water temperature inferences based  ife history traits in arctic freshwater fish communities. increased temperatures and changes in   profoundly would affect the ecology of fish. the objective of this proposal is to examine the
10234	1	on earth are dominated by plant-feeding insects and the insect predators that feed on them. man
10433	1	on earth are dominated by plant-feeding insects and the insect predators that feed on them. man
10703	4	ing the plasmid slows the growth of the bacteria. in nature carrying the plasmid allows bacteri  . in nature carrying the plasmid allows bacteria to survive in otherwise toxic mercury contamin  on times, and large population sizes of bacteria to observe evolution in action. we will discov  s that occur in the genomes of both the bacteria and the plasmid as they co-evolve on a continu
11428	4	ing the plasmid slows the growth of the bacteria. in nature carrying the plasmid allows bacteri  . in nature carrying the plasmid allows bacteria to survive in otherwise toxic mercury contamin  on times, and large population sizes of bacteria to observe evolution in action. we will discov  s that occur in the genomes of both the bacteria and the plasmid as they co-evolve on a continu
10018	3	box population means that most breeding birds are individually ringed as chicks so we can track  an malaria infection between classes of birds with different dispersal, both residents and immi  iment to manipulate dispersal by moving birds between woodlands. 3. finally, we will employ a m
10290	3	box population means that most breeding birds are individually ringed as chicks so we can track  an malaria infection between classes of birds with different dispersal, both residents and immi  iment to manipulate dispersal by moving birds between woodlands. 3. finally, we will employ a m
9874	4	shallow water coral reefs are among the most important centres of mar  tion might result in a dramatic loss of coral reefs within this century. the future of coral re  eefs within this century. the future of coral reefs is strongly dependent on strategies that en  erature stress as an eminent threat for coral reefs. moreover, examination of the effect of thi
14182	1	h costs of identification. of microbes, fungi play a key role in decomposition interactions inv
11588	1	een hosts and parasites in leaf-cutting ants infected by a virulent fungal pathogen and/or an a
196	1	ypocreaceae that grow on fruitbodies of fungi. this group provides an exceptionally good opport
13490	1	uatic ecosystems typically outnumbering bacteria by a factor of 10. their numbers and ubiquity
13922	4	ow competition hierarchies among boreal ants are regulated by disturbance due to fire and fores  quent changes in resource availability. ants are ecologically very important in terrestrial eco  owever their effectiveness for epigaeic invertebrates remains untested. changes in spatial and   ow competition hierarchies among boreal ants are regulated by disturbances due to forestry and
11132	5	gnificant distances and are detected by parasitoid wasps that use them to locate and parasitise  y cases, it has been shown that certain parasitoids respond only to particular semiochemicals a  eraction among plant shoots, aphids and parasitoids is relatively well understood. however, the  hemicals between plants via mycorrhizal fungi. these fungi heavily colonise the roots of virtua  een plants via mycorrhizal fungi. these fungi heavily colonise the roots of virtually all land
9876	1	ts generated around and above submerged macrophytes and canopies. fluvial flow has traditionall
12255	1	al microbial populations and arbuscular fungi following conversion of set-aside to cropping, on
13797	3	levels, and many commercially important fish species rely on copepods as food. previous studies  fect the role of copepods as grazers on phytoplankton 3 do copepods exhibit any behavioural res  nities and facilitate the prediction of fish production in a future with changing climatic cond
10911	1	alphaproteobacteria and prochlorococcus cyanobacteria numerically dominate the open ocean becau
10980	1	alphaproteobacteria and prochlorococcus cyanobacteria numerically dominate the open ocean becau
11401	9	key trophic interaction is that between ants and termites. both groups make up a large proporti  nts of dead leaves, wood and even soil. ants also move soil around, and also consume a wide var  nts. since a majority of the species of ants are at least partly predatory, and termites are a   ritious, it has often been assumed that ants eat a lot of termites. however, this has only been  ecies, as much predation of termites by ants takes place underground. we propose to quantify th  ose to quantify the interaction between ants and termites not by direct observation of predatio  termite genetic material in the guts of ants. we already have collections of ants and termites   of ants. we already have collections of ants and termites from soil cores taken in rain forest   l food web for the different species of ants and termites, and will allow us to make prediction
10970	3	dscape within which honeybees and other insects now operate. in areas where varroa is now well   , worryingly, have been found in native bees, wasps and bumblebees in several countries, theref  ral data from honeybee colonies, native bees and wasps before the spread of varroa will allow u
2102	4	med the natural and unmanageable object fish into a complex cyborg fish which can be managed. t  eable object fish into a complex cyborg fish which can be managed. the project will describe th  lex network is built around this cyborg fish that is produced and all the translations that tak  cribe the transformations of the cyborg fish that follows of all the disputes, controversies, a
10488	1	nown about recently extinct mammals and birds from other islands elsewhere across the world, to
11081	4	introduction coral reefs are regarded as the most species rich ecosy  lt transects to assess the diversity of fish communities. quadrats will be used to survey megaf  drats will be used to survey megafaunal invertebrates. dead coral heads will be collected, as w  ortance in monitoring and management of coral reefs. the project will contribute new informatio
2130	1	he population of origin of the parental fish engaged in hybridization. results from the molecul
2092	4	analysing the settlement pattern of the birds in time and space, and by experiment al removal o  nd by experiment al removal of dominant birds. we will also analyse the fitness consequences fo  so analyse the fitness consequences for birds engaging in heterospecific pairings. the results   tion, and to conservation of endangered birds.
10441	1	ensure the availability of refugia for macroinvertebrates during floods. there has been no sys
14563	1	ing about the seven iberian families of apoidea . in this project, the provisional catalogue, t
7047	2	ical control agents of plant pathogenic fungi, but they also pose a serious threat to cultivate   wood, other plant material and various fungi. in a previous project hypocrea was collected in
14994	1	included in the red lists of endangered invertebrates. same other species have special interes
14984	1	wing the studies on the biodiversity of lichens from the iberian peninsula and the balearic isl
14986	1	ows the research on the biodiversity of lichens from the iberian peninsula. the more important
1985	4	on since they are thought to cause mass fish mortalities in temperate and cold temperate region  e future chance for f. japonica related fish mortalities in dutch coastal waters. there is pres  sts or the production of brevetoxins on fish behaviour and mortality, at the same time allowing  ize and composition of a relevant dutch fish species.
15480	3	servoir of a huge number of microscopic fungi including the hyphomycetes. these moulds are the   h as the asco- and basidiomycetes. most fungi of biotechnological interest, or important plant   or the knowledge of the nature of these fungi, that is the delineations of its species, the est
10102	1	nce these genes from a number of marine bacteria. this will provide a database of sequences whi
15103	2	sitions between clear water phases with macrophytes, and turbid phases with phytoplankton were   ith macrophytes, and turbid phases with phytoplankton were reported . this dynamics contrasts w
12406	1	lating key details on collision risk to birds from offshore wind installations, 2 id range of e
10502	1	ypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment a
10244	1	ypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment a
10246	1	ypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment a
10742	1	ypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment a
11220	1	ypic responses in marine and freshwater fish to contribute to environmental impact assessment a
14957	1	of this worldwide distributed group of insects.
11840	2	warm-blooded animals such as species of birds and mammals often have larger body size in the co  they will respond. food animals such as fish are cold-blooded and our work will be directly rel
10490	4	fspring to their fate, most mammals and birds, and even some invertebrates invest time and reso  , most mammals and birds, and even some invertebrates invest time and resources into feeding an  ones in a variety of animal species. in insects, these hormones have opposite effects: increasi  eas using burying beetles because these insects are almost unique in that both parents prepare
11543	4	fspring to their fate, most mammals and birds, and even some invertebrates invest time and reso  , most mammals and birds, and even some invertebrates invest time and resources into feeding an  ones in a variety of animal species. in insects, these hormones have opposite effects: increasi  eas using burying beetles because these insects are almost unique in that both parents prepare
14196	1	up for another, normally quite harmless bacteria or virus even in vaccinated individuals. in th
15343	6	ut the sublethal effects of pb on these birds, and their consequences at a population level. le  elated with colour and ornamentation in birds, we hypothesize that the pb-related alteration of   that will relate the responses in wild birds animals, and that will deal with the following sp   assess the immunotoxic effect of pb on birds based on the analysis of the constitutive and ind  on body condition and parasite loads in birds and its relationship with immune status. 3. to an   on inmune response and reproduction in birds and to evaluate the use of carotenoids as biomark
13733	1	although marine invertebrates are exposed to increasing amount of chemi
7634	1	al plants form root symbiosis with soil fungi that can access difficult access resources direct
10567	2	us how much fecal pellet production by zooplankton is exported to depth through the process of  e surface layers and be recycled. where zooplankton perform satiation sinking however, the amou
13890	3	vascular plants, ground and soil living invertebrates. also soil temperature and soil respirati  dies on biodiversity of plants, mosses, lichens, tree and ground living invertebrates, biochemi  mosses, lichens, tree and ground living invertebrates, biochemical soil processes and microclim
147	5	iance contributing to the sharpening of phytoplankton light limitation and to the reduction of   . higher concentration of dom may favor bacteria while the lower phytoplankton production in do   dom may favor bacteria while the lower phytoplankton production in dom-rich years can reduce b  terial biomass if they are dependant on phytoplankton exudates and degradation products. two es  ange on the ecosystems. monthly data on phytoplankton from l. võrtsjärv start from the year 196
6961	1	ould promote the northward expansion of insects. main subjects of the studies are: distribution
2149	2	n, groups of tagged, previously exposed fish will be released into a river system after the com  will be evaluated from capture rates in fish traps downstream. in combining physiological, beha
1933	2	pathogen, a herbivorous insect, and its parasitoid. we hypothesize that pathogen and parasitoid  itoid. we hypothesize that pathogen and parasitoid in the model system are more sensitive to fr
13592	4	the decline of fish species eg. pike or an indirect effect leading to   eprodction success and lipid content of fish exposed to cyanobacteria. the results will contrib  ss and lipid content of fish exposed to cyanobacteria. the results will contribute to predict t  act of cyanobacterial blooms on coastal fish populations.
14183	4	g tritrophic crop plant - insect pest - parasitoid interactions with the aim of finding innovat  nd the seed weevil and their respective parasitoids, how and whether fertilizers have impact on  ave influence on target pests and their parasitoids, how they interact with cropping systems an  ut behaviour and species composition of parasitoids, and publications of results in internation
14983	1	cosystems are also strategic places for birds migration through the european continent. the imp
10940	1	sly, we have shown that ectomycorrhizal fungi can excrete large amounts of low molecular weight
10004	1	earthworms excrete tiny calcium carbonate granules . on
11818	1	production of organic carbon by phytoplankton in the surface ocean, followed by transpo
13526	10	rol and top-down grazing control govern phytoplankton development. however, while previous stud  hile previous studies have investigated cyanobacteria-grazer interactions in the baltic sea, no   so far considered the possibility that zooplankton food selectivity may play a central role fo   is to study the ability of herbivorous zooplankton and mysid shrimps to induce and sustain tox  d new light on the relationship between zooplankton and toxic phytoplankton blooms, and they wi  ationship between zooplankton and toxic phytoplankton blooms, and they will broaden our underst  will broaden our understanding of toxic cyanobacteria bloom dynamics and importance of the cyan  ia bloom dynamics and importance of the cyanobacteria for zooplankton production. the current s  and importance of the cyanobacteria for zooplankton production. the current study is one step o  s a unified framework for understanding cyanobacteria role in the contemporary baltic sea.
11270	2	together data on developmental rate of fish larvae, population genetics, ocean circulation and  increases in temperature in the area on fish recruitment as a component of climate change. such
7420	1	and suggest farming practices safer to bees
12571	2	ies and regulate the abundance of adult fish that return to spawn. this information is required   stakeholders on the status of salmonid fish stocks in england and wales. it will also used to
7429	1	y across the grain farm. . - other soil insects and overhead involved in functional biodiversit
2054	3	ystem change. mobile organisms, such as birds, would most likely respond to habitat quality at   y immobile organisms such as snails and earthworms are used as indicators of fragmentation effe   sampling is used to measure density of birds, whereas soil and litter samples are used to samp
14023	1	nowledge on how the life cycle of toxic algae is regulated allows both predicting and controlli
10084	3	many legumes form a symbiosis with soil bacteria, which are   many legumes form a symbiosis with soil bacteria, which are housed in special organs called nod  om the roots. within these nodules, the bacteria take strains. by working with brazilian scient
11249	3	many legumes form a symbiosis with soil bacteria, which are   many legumes form a symbiosis with soil bacteria, which are housed in special organs called nod  om the roots. within these nodules, the bacteria take strains. by working with brazilian scient
1090	4	mycorrhizal associations with symbiotic fungi. many species still exhibit strong trophic depend   strong trophic dependency on symbiotic fungi in the adult stage. special focus will be on: a t   association with mycorrhizal symbiotic fungi; f the assessment of possible interactions betwee  mmunity, mediated by shared mycorrhizal fungi. adult plants and seeds of woodland . the analyse
15049	3	redirect its activity toward non-target insects. to prove our hypothesis we will use three inse  portant impact on biological control of insects because they will represent a powerful tool to   t active toxins for a wide selection of insects.
12035	2	n rates. below a porosity threshold the invertebrates and the fungi cannot access to the leaves  ity threshold the invertebrates and the fungi cannot access to the leaves buried in the sedimen
10982	2	suitability of the infected plants for insects. we will investigate which of these effects is   low-rattle present and find out whether insects avoid feeding on infected plants.
2134	1	provide the means to assign individual fish to country, region and possibly river of origin. u
10151	1	ilability of naturally occurring forage fish.
11419	1	ilability of naturally occurring forage fish.
11771	1	ilability of naturally occurring forage fish.
10521	1	the regulation of population density in birds and mammals have focussed on studies where recrui
11010	1	the regulation of population density in birds and mammals have focussed on studies where recrui
10360	10	ividuals within populations of salmonid fish will all differ, albeit slightly, in the way that    competitive ability. as a result, some fish will be better at acquiring food resources than ot  iring food resources than others. these fish will consequentially grow faster and this will go   logical characteristics among groups of fish what makes the competitive ability of some fish be  t makes the competitive ability of some fish better than others do environmental factors within   are laid affect competitive ability of fish later in life does the amount of stress experience  mount of stress experienced by a female fish before spawning influence the level of variation i  s in the stream environment while young fish are developing, such as increases in temperature,   ysiological characteristics in salmonid fish is of crucial conservational importance. protectin  ional importance. protecting our native fish populations is dependent upon a scientific underst
1967	1	. consumer densities can fluctuate, and bacteria, plants and animals can respond to the presenc
15338	1	ical diversity. by using aerial-nesting bees and wasps as suppliers of resources, will be done,
13577	6	hydrography. such changes may decrease phytoplankton primary productivity due to poorer light   t of doc and decreased competition from phytoplankton for inorganic nutrients. the aim of this   uctivity at higher trophic levels, e.g. fish. experiments are planned to study the spatial and   xperiments will comprise organisms from phytoplankton-bacteria to fish. the results of field st  l comprise organisms from phytoplankton-bacteria to fish. the results of field studies and expe  rganisms from phytoplankton-bacteria to fish. the results of field studies and experiments will
514	1	socio-economical characteristics of the fish farms in order to increase the value of the role o
191	1	which scale the measured variability in phytoplankton biomass and species composition can be co
15047	6	cyanobacteria are oxygenic phototrophic bacteria that o  cyanobacteria are oxygenic phototrophic bacteria that on a microscale level play the same role   toxic effect on the ecosystems in which cyanobacteria are dominant. such is the case with micro  e difficult to determine the biomass of cyanobacteria on a micrometric level without altering t   analyse the physiological state of the cyanobacteria. from the results obtained from the prese  ate determination of the role played by cyanobacteria, and especially microcoleus sp. in contam
15437	3	saproxylic insects make up the highest percentage of the forest bi   two more abundant groups of saproxylic insects, diptera and coleoptera, in which the researche  oups of saproxylic insects, diptera and coleoptera, in which the researchers of the group have
224	2	nutrient dynamics of coastal ecosystem. macroalgae and phytoplankton compete for nutrients in t  cs of coastal ecosystem. macroalgae and phytoplankton compete for nutrients in the coastal zone
14138	1	of spatial distribution of large-thalli macroalgae regimes, which in turn influence benthic hab
11631	3	rbon cycle. the external mycelium of em fungi is of particular importance not just in terms of   portance of the interactions between em fungi and other groups of abundant soil organisms for c   three numerically dominant forest soil invertebrates, disrupt c flux to em fungal mycelium.
10962	1	srrna will identify functional keystone bacteria and aid model construction of the role of micr
15470	3	when bacteria face adverse environmental situations, they ad  , campylobacter jejuni, salmonella spp. bacteria that are in the vbnc state are live cells that  tions become favourable, transforms the bacteria adopting this phenotype in a potential risk fo
13500	3	c form can cause high mortality in wild birds. raptors may be at risk, particularly those that   h the aiv found in ducks and other prey birds. we will screen and identify the virus-host cell   o identify difference between groups of birds at risk of acquiring aiv infections. presence of
11194	3	ts , but the interactions between these fungi and insects in natural communities are entirely u  he interactions between these fungi and insects in natural communities are entirely unknown. th  e manipulated. the role of phytophagous insects is emphasised, by studying insect effects on fu
12554	17	insect pollinators initiative insects including honeybees, bum            insect pollinators initiative insects including honeybees, bumblebees, butterflies an   plants. having a healthy population of pollinators is also essential to maintain biodiversity   sity in natural ecosystems. pollinating insects are vulnerable to pests, diseases and environme   ten years. the steady decline of these insects over recent years raises significant concern ab   to reach 9 billion by 2050. the insect pollinators initiative is a fund of up to £10m that sup  s and consequences of threats to insect pollinators and to inform the development of appropriat  nd approaches to reverse the decline in pollinator insects. researchers funded under the initia  es to reverse the decline in pollinator insects. researchers funded under the initiative will e  rganisations with an interest in insect pollinators to ensure a strong network to apply the out  ctor causing the problem. the causes of pollinator declines are likely to be complex and involv  omplex and involve interactions between pollinators, the environment and the pests and diseases  he pests and diseases that affect these insects. because of the vital role pollinating insects   . because of the vital role pollinating insects play – insects pollinate at least one third of   e vital role pollinating insects play – insects pollinate at least one third of the range of ag  some factors may affect all pollinating insects, others only one or two species and it will be   ng, alongside existing expertise in the pollinator research community.
2530	1	ared to shallow-water reefs, cold-water coral reefs and communities have received political and
7214	1	tial of crop soils; - identification of bacteria in the rhizosphere pgpr having an effect on cu
14444	4	legumes are major crop plants for the benefit of human   nd vegetable oil. a key contribution of legumes to sustainable agriculture and nitrogen cycle i  rgans, root nodules, in which rhizobial bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen. over the past de  trogen. over the past decade, two model legumes, l. japonicus and m. truncatula, have been prop
7616	1	round"an innovative operation reed beds phragmites australis in restoration and uses the stable
403	8	analyse to what extent integrated rice-fish farming could provide a sustainable alternative to  ying hypothesis is that integrated rice-fish farming provide a competitive alternative to rice   nd decreases the yield of both rice and fish by disrupting the ecological balance of an integra  s, are therefore necessary to make rice-fish farming a competitive alternative to rice monocrop  r* use of pesticides in integrated rice-fish farming. as a first step a preliminary environment  the most common pesticides used in rice-fish farming will be made. through interviews and field  arming practices among 80 rice and rice fish-farmers with and without ipm methods in takeo prov   measured as decreased biodiversity and fish yield in the rice field ecosystem.
13810	6	able recreational fisheries use of lake fish and ecosystem functions. the management methods ar  stock composition and biodiversity, and fish stocking for restoration of threatened species, fo  project includes investigations of both fish and fishers' behaviour, aiming to enhance the inte  effects of catch and release can affect fish foraging and growth, and thereby the fish stock an  sh foraging and growth, and thereby the fish stock and trophic effects in lakes. eel stocking f  re combine biological investigations on fish individuals and populations with observational and
12542	2	d 1.5 million species in the biosphere, fungi represent one of the most diverse eukaryotic line  f the most diverse eukaryotic lineages. fungi are found in almost all ecosystems and are spread
15304	2	ms in representative species of aquatic coleoptera families typical of inland saline waters: dy  ydraenidae and hydrophilidae. are these insects osmoregulators or osmoconformers 2. to determin
13452	1	farmland birds have been declining rapidly during the last 30 ye
10649	1	se. at the microscopic scale in a soil, bacteria and their food source or oxygen supply, for ex
15200	1	yze diversity patterns of mediterranean insects in particular analyzing inter - relationships b
7209	1	expected results we propose to take the nematodes as a unique model for biological research int
15051	4	bution, abundance and body condition of birds wintering in the iberian peninsula. this interact  he environment on the winter biology of birds, considering the energy budget of birds and terri  birds, considering the energy budget of birds and territory occupancy. the model organisms are    frugivorous and insectivorous woodland birds.
10105	1	the majority of marine benthic invertebrates have a complex life cycle with a plankton
13800	1	y of biological control of phytophagous insects on willows by means of mycorrhizal inoculation.
14852	2	ue type of prokaryote within the domain bacteria. studies comprised both intraspecific diversit  of the microbiota, in order to know why bacteria and archaeal populations are kept almost const
13940	4	d functional biodiversity of wood decay fungi will be studied. the relationship between the num   and/or functional groups of wood decay fungi and the species persistence, efficency of decompo  on according to brown-rot and white-rot fungi as well as niche differentiation with respect to   gned to evaluate the role of wood decay fungi biodiversity under perturbations of the ecosystem
7492	1	rt, the selected model is an endophytic bacteria, beneficial for the growth of potatoes, whose
11561	2	iving organisms and the majority of all bacteria, we know little about these bacteria as few ca  ll bacteria, we know little about these bacteria as few can be cultured. biodiversity estimates
15089	2	cological importance are the saproxylic insects, the most diverse in terrestrial ecosystems, ac  on of nutrients to the ecosystem. these insects are a diverse functional group and are sensitiv
10777	3	tyles. this may be particularly true of bacteria that cause diseases is used as a biological pe  e its use. bt is closely related to the bacteria that causes anthrax, bacillus anthracis and to   to bt and a understanding of how these bacteria cooperate to exploit hosts may eventually be o
11165	3	tyles. this may be particularly true of bacteria that cause diseases is used as a biological pe  e its use. bt is closely related to the bacteria that causes anthrax, bacillus anthracis and to   to bt and a understanding of how these bacteria cooperate to exploit hosts may eventually be o
6874	1	n and identification of their symbiotic bacteria. the demonstration of the participation of pro
10993	1	system fulfils this role. societies of insects . the expectation is that the proportion of wor
7564	1	connection with the introduction by man parasitoids for biological control, and will aim to und
13594	2	roalgal species gonyostomum semen. this phytoplankton species forms intense blooms and expels s  focused on this species, or invasion by phytoplankton in general. the aim of this project is tw
15331	1	e edaphic and freshwater communities of invertebrates that feed on such litter. these communiti
14841	1	usia and other nonindigenous freshwater fish invasions, as well as the protection of native fre
7018	3	ical control agents of plant pathogenic fungi, and as sources of industrial enzymes. particular  h is one of the principal components of fungi in soil. studies of this genus are therefore main   wood, other plant material and various fungi. due to limited morphological variation among the
6764	8	esting and feeding habitats for aquatic birds and these one are good assembling habitats for mi   good assembling habitats for migrating birds, too. during special, mesohalin aquatic condition  nd bentic assemblages in the water. the invertebrates provide very good, potential food resourc  t is to estimate the key assemblages of zooplankton and benthos. connect parallel these investi   the key assemblages of zooplankton and benthos. connect parallel these investigations, we will   into mass and energy. the wild aquatic birds’ daily and seasonal activity will be registrated.   direct and indirect effects of aquatic birds will be discussed together the zooplankton and en  ic birds will be discussed together the zooplankton and entomological results.
10024	1	ying with ddt, antibiotic resistance in bacteria. natural selection, of course, happens in resp
11314	1	ying with ddt, antibiotic resistance in bacteria. natural selection, of course, happens in resp
10491	2	microscopic plants, or phytoplankton, use the sun s energy to combine atmosphe   information on the relative roles that bacteria and animals play in elemental cycling in shall
12552	4	in the uk and to determine which honey bees exhibit efb disease resistance. initially, genetic   represent the different races of honey bees. each race will be characterised using microsatell   already exist in the literature. honey bees from england and wales will be then be catergorise  h risk area. these apparently resistant bees will be characterised to determine the relatedness
14145	1	investigation of fish resorces in lakes peipsi, lämmijärv and pihkva
14445	2	iodiversity of epigeobiont and geobiont invertebrates will be made more precise and will be est  ledge about studying and monitoring the invertebrates and small mammals included in the bulgari
14111	1	ponse is a core adaptation mechanism in bacteria, mediated via adjustments in ppgpp alarmone co
217	1	the eggs or the breeding environment of birds, and so would contribute to the improvement of ap
10396	1	f organisms, particularly single celled algae. their biological activity results in high amount
10798	1	community, the activity of denitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere and the up-regulation of ge
10170	1	ings from the colour receptors of these bees, to substantiate the evidence that chance processe
10406	2	ats. these organisms are photosynthetic bacteria which come in many shapes, forms and degrees o  n on the most likely predators of these cyanobacteria in situ.
10879	2	s is well documented. the extinction of macrofauna, such as giant tortoises and flightless bird   such as giant tortoises and flightless birds, has been a signature of man s island occupation
11009	1	be indicators of ageing in other social insects act likewise in b. terrestris. we will then tes
11232	1	be indicators of ageing in other social insects act likewise in b. terrestris. we will then tes
7015	2	ough primary production flowing through bacteria in the photic zone. in the antarctic, the impo  otrophic and autotrophic flagellates or bacteria of the microbial food web. preliminary work by
14599	1	nts dynamic in the lagoon, establishing benthos contribution and main source of inputs from out
10751	2	e phages, in a population of freshwater bacteria. studies on virus interaction with bacterial p  ied in both gram-positive and -negative bacteria and used potentially as markers for monitoring
11475	2	e phages, in a population of freshwater bacteria. studies on virus interaction with bacterial p  ied in both gram-positive and -negative bacteria and used potentially as markers for monitoring
7259	1	the diet of species of crustaceans and fish. a comparison of these acquisitions and the first
13984	5	d by autumnal leaf fall and terrestrial insects provide food for fish. the reverse flow from wa  nd terrestrial insects provide food for fish. the reverse flow from water to land is much less   kely to be equally important. masses of insects develop in freshwater but spend their adult lif   asses the importance of mass-occurring insects by comparing processes along regulated rivers w  roducers that attract blackflies. their pollinators, bumblebees, might be forced to visit many
2524	2	ntangle those species of aphyllophorous fungi that have and have not responded negatively to fo  y the occurrence of dead-wood dependent fungi as fruit bodies, mycelia and spores in isolated a
10411	2	systems. these es are often provided by insects that move between different habitats in the lan  alternative food sources for beneficial insects within the agricultural landscapes. the overall
10468	1	arative genomic study of the genomes of bacteria, viruses, plasmids, and organelles aimed at id
14621	3	erns may be analyzed now in mammals and birds, since molecular sequences for a large proportion  ll study all sequences from mammals and birds the relationship between genetic distance and tax  pecific level, sequences of mammals and birds in which several individuals have been sequenced
2036	8	wledge of the needs of shellfish eating birds is crucial for developing and maintaining a fishe  mands exist between the fishery and the birds. remarkably, the needs and intake of the main spe  he life history of the shellfish eating birds and their shellfish prey one would expect that th  hellfish stocks by the shellfish eating birds will be adjusted to the years with the poor shell  how these prey will be exploited by the birds in the course of the winter and how many ducks wi  will survive. this survival rate of the birds is input to the second model, to which we will re  es in the large-scale population of the birds from the assembled demographic parameters. once p  e the needs of the protected species of birds into account.
10326	1	f quantifying larval flux inputs to the benthos on wave-exposed shores. we have developed a sim
14935	3	ive in the control of diseases in other birds species, and ducks are species with a high degree  ive methods , and by sampling from live birds and birds harvested by hunters. 4. to study the m  s , and by sampling from live birds and birds harvested by hunters. 4. to study the meat qualit
14797	3	in our laboratory, indicates that these bacteria conform natural endophytic populations and not   growth or by competing with pathogenic bacteria or fungi in the rhizosphere still remains to b  y competing with pathogenic bacteria or fungi in the rhizosphere still remains to be known. our
14809	1	librate molecular clocks for studies in spiders or the mediterranean region.
7040	6	this project investigates diversity of lichens and their fungal associates in glacial refugia   uggest. we plan to explore diversity of lichens and allied fungi using three approaches: a trad  explore diversity of lichens and allied fungi using three approaches: a traditional and molecul  d molecular assessment of lichenicolous fungi and other lichen associates in selected species.   o expect that a diversity of associated fungi can colonize those foliose lichens, when they can  ciated fungi can colonize those foliose lichens, when they can achieve high individual ages in
14856	1	iotized and cultured ramalina farinacea algae could confirm the hypothesis that these chloropla
15040	10	the fungi which grow obligately on lichens comprise over 20       the fungi which grow obligately on lichens comprise over 2000 known species, and further s  ly include lichenicolous species. these fungi are extremely specialized, and many are evidently   place in the overall classification of fungi. investigations into the biology, bioactive produ  ucts, and systematic placement of these fungi have been frustrated by the difficulty of securin  s for the isolation and growth of these fungi in pure culture, using freshly collected material  is that some genera of plant pathogenic fungi evolved from lichenicolous fungi will also be tes  ogenic fungi evolved from lichenicolous fungi will also be tested by including newly generated   lean and mycosphaerelloid lichenicolous fungi in trees constructed also with sequences from pla  k. -finally, as identification of these fungi is difficult in the absence of a modern comprehen
14985	1	. the project is centered in calicioid lichens, physciaceae, bacidiaceae s.l., protoparmelia a
14579	1	ode fauna present in the communities of macroinvertebrates in the albufera des grau , baltic se
150	2	ain the observed values of body size in insects; i.e. it does not facilitate optimality analysi   data on size-specific mortality rates. birds and pathogens will be evaluated as selective agen
2010	4	over 35 million people. but with 47% of fish stocks fully exploited and 28% overexploited or de  ncreases the vulnerability of exploited fish stocks to catastrophic collapses, given the likeli  olution for sustainable exploitation of fish populations, addressing the following questions: 1  rvesting-induced evolution of exploited fish stocks increase or decrease their vulnerability to
13926	2	ment. however, growth in holometabolous insects is often exponential which suggests that reprod  t case study for body size evolution in insects that would improve the predictive power of life
15396	3	cruitment and survival of insectivorous birds which might be related to climate warming. 2. to   n on genetic diversity of insectivorous birds in a climate change scenario. 3. to determine the  enetic differentiation of insectivorous birds in a climate change scenario. to explore the pote
9864	2	se and disparate multicellular animals, fungi and algae. rather surprisingly, however, whilst t  parate multicellular animals, fungi and algae. rather surprisingly, however, whilst the oceans
7618	2	th the eradication of species of native ants and other insects, affects ecosystem services and   ion of species of native ants and other insects, affects ecosystem services and associated caus
10118	1	vily on aquatic subsidies e.g. emergent insects. thus, climate change impacts on saline lakes v
2026	6	tion, soil biodiversity and aboveground invertebrates, and in a separate field experiment will   de reliable information on abundance of soil microorganisms such as nematodes, bacteria and fun  bundance of soil microorganisms such as nematodes, bacteria and fungi. plant quality aspects wi   soil microorganisms such as nematodes, bacteria and fungi. plant quality aspects will be deter  ganisms such as nematodes, bacteria and fungi. plant quality aspects will be determined using t   soil organisms, plants and aboveground invertebrates as they occur in natural conditions.
13868	8	this, in turn, affect the potential for macrophytes to get re-established each spring. lakes wi  lished each spring. lakes with abundant macrophytes support a high diversity of both plants and  low biodiversity and being dominated by phytoplankton. how shallow north temperate coastal lake   concentrate on the key role of grazing zooplankton in initiating a clear water period in sprin  ermine the effect of timing on zoo- and phytoplankton spring dynamics in the edge zone between    interactions between young-of-the-year fish and zooplankton, 3 experimentally determine how ca  ions between young-of-the-year fish and zooplankton, 3 experimentally determine how cascading b  delling evaluate the ability to predict zooplankton spring dynamics using long-term abiotic and
11404	1	viously characterised ammonia-oxidising bacteria, they may represent the most important ammonia
1975	2	involving plant-herbivore and herbivore-parasitoid oviposition behaviour of ag herbivores, para  oviposition behaviour of ag herbivores, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in the field is affect
10085	8	mall flowers: , and the average size of pollinator increases with flower size. the mobility of   ower size. the mobility of these insect pollinators is important, because their foraging determ  ry short distances, whereas giant honey bees can travel a few tens of km in search of food, and  pollinated by small relatively immobile insects will be more closely related to each other than   of species pollinated by large, mobile insects. we will check for evidence of inbreeding depre  er size and flower number are linked to pollinator size and mobility, the dispersal of pollen a  y plant community where competition for pollinators might underlie the evolution of flowering s  tropical forest communities where plant-pollinator interactions are disrupted by changes in mea
2023	1	y microbes. hence, our focus will be on bacteria involved in the degradation of different class
10148	1	mple, enhanced n deposition may release bacteria from nutrient limitation, increasing rates of
10418	1	mple, enhanced n deposition may release bacteria from nutrient limitation, increasing rates of
10908	1	mple, enhanced n deposition may release bacteria from nutrient limitation, increasing rates of
11751	1	mple, enhanced n deposition may release bacteria from nutrient limitation, increasing rates of
11742	2	er, because most deaths occur at sea of birds of unknown origin the true impact of such inciden  ajor wintering area for guillemots, and birds from skomer were among those killed by the erika.
2120	1	ance of the offspring of cross-fostered birds, also taking the sex of the cross-fostered parent
12580	1	udge, with different metal contents, on soil microorganisms and how they function within the so
12065	3	dia: it is essential for small and rare invertebrates, which nont not received scientific names  ch project around a core of taxonomists invertebrates, probabilities includes specialists, arch  s contemporary extinction on a group of invertebrates, and offer the theoretical and practical
13804	7	tions of natural habitats have caused a pollinator decline, and as a result pollination interac  eractions may be at risk. the impact of pollinator loss on plant communities is, among other th  nd on degree of specialization of plant-pollinator interactions. this project will investigate   tigate the effect of loss of functional pollinator groups on reproductive success in plant spec  flower morphology. extinctions of large pollinators will be simulated in a field experiment on   ized flowers. differences in functional pollinator diversity between species with specialized a  ts of heterospecific pollen on arriving pollinators and on stigmas. specialization has been sug
7522	2	east producers and manufacturers select bacteria on criteria increasingly precise linked to par   this method should be adaptable to all bacteria for which there is a challenge for the diversi
12445	2	st. specifically, relationships between fish population sub-units in spawning areas, on nursery   necessary to improve the management of fish populations into the future against a broad range
15242	1	a mechanism that and depict the role of pollinators in those pollen transfer patterns
2197	2	aracters among successfully established macroalgae and higher plants by quantitative ranking of  g on ships. the risk that some of these algae or vascular plants may pose a threat to the biodi
7193	1	onidae of insect immunity towards their parasitoids to try to understand the reasons for succes
14470	1	the model system are species of aquatic coleoptera, which are known to preferentially occupy on
10159	3	ority of the world s animal species are invertebrates and it is estimated that as few as 10% of  te. this contrasts with the mammals and birds which are to a first approximation, completely kn  it has been possible to use mammals and birds to answer many large questions in ecology and evo
6737	2	al groups and communities including the macroinvertebrates of the littoral zone and the benthos  ertebrates of the littoral zone and the benthos involving the decrease of the number of species
7163	1	this project focuses on the study of macroinvertebrates european running waters, with a spec
2194	2	ge-scale distrubution and aboundance of zostera marina and other phanerogams and quality correl   use of habitat forming species such as zostera marina as indicators of biodiversity.
11611	3	stants with each site on the surface of bacteria. the variation in these stability constants wi  n contacted with, or in the presence of bacteria will be combined with field sampling and analy  minerals. spectroscopic analysis of the bacteria in cell pellets from the experiments will be u
10716	7	dms attracts different marine animals - fish, penguins and tiny crustaceans all swim, fly or pa  . this is because the great majority of bacteria that live out here in the natural world have n  es in the genes, the microorganisms and fungi that used the dms or the dmsp can be identified a   around spartina roots, which teem with bacteria and fungi that consume or make dms. we will th  ina roots, which teem with bacteria and fungi that consume or make dms. we will therefore condu   it is important to know which types of bacteria and fungi that affect its production and destr  ant to know which types of bacteria and fungi that affect its production and destruction and wh
11704	7	dms attracts different marine animals - fish, penguins and tiny crustaceans all swim, fly or pa  . this is because the great majority of bacteria that live out here in the natural world have n  es in the genes, the microorganisms and fungi that used the dms or the dmsp can be identified a   around spartina roots, which teem with bacteria and fungi that consume or make dms. we will th  ina roots, which teem with bacteria and fungi that consume or make dms. we will therefore condu   it is important to know which types of bacteria and fungi that affect its production and destr  ant to know which types of bacteria and fungi that affect its production and destruction and wh
10854	2	wolbachia is a genus of inherited bacteria that manipulate the reproduction of their host   address three questions: 1. why do the bacteria reach such high prevalences two hypotheses tha
10586	1	ntly fashionable hypothesis that female birds are able to allocate reproductive resources in re
7487	2	of target species, bycatch of numerous fish and other organisms and the crushing of benthos su  and other organisms and the crushing of benthos such as e.g. cold water coral and large sponges
13808	2	levels, i.e. trees and shrubs, certain arthropods, and birds. three types of management are ev  ees and shrubs, certain arthropods, and birds. three types of management are evaluated: a mosai
15244	4	ishment of the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi associated with species in the communities of gyp  al is the implementation of mycorrhizal fungi inoculum production techniques for natural mycorr   determine the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi species associated with gypsophites after selecti  methods for reproduction of mycorrhizal fungi inoculum from gypsum soils. 2.1. try different ty
15243	4	ishment of the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi associated with species in the communities of gyp  al is the implementation of mycorrhizal fungi inoculum production techniques for natural mycorr   determine the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi species associated with gypsophites after selecti  methods for reproduction of mycorrhizal fungi inoculum from gypsum soils. 2.1. try different ty
12156	2	population declines of breeding wading birds on lowland wet grassland in uk and elsewhere in e   exploit these preferences to encourage birds to nest in high densities away from field edges,
13715	5	itrogen they fix likely supports baltic fish yield. to eliminate blooms would be costly, and co   change the baltic ecosystem and reduce fish yield. studies will be made both in the open sea a  ystem effects of blooms, especially for fish food and fish larvae, 4. fate of the nitrogen fixe  of blooms, especially for fish food and fish larvae, 4. fate of the nitrogen fixed by blooms wh  altic ecosystem, or overly reducing its fish production.
1923	1	-ground grazers, below-ground grazers , arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fungal grazers and decomp
14277	7	e basin, is the enhanced development of macrophytes during summer, which is apparently linked w  r important group of primary producers, phytoplankton, usually dominates in zones with differen  characteristics compared to those where macrophytes thrive. both groups can attain quantitative  lling the appearance and development of macrophytes and to quantify the effect of macrophytes o  crophytes and to quantify the effect of macrophytes on the nutrient export to the downstream zo  ons will focus on nutrient retention by macrophytes and nutrient delivery by the sediment, to a   presence. the decomposition process of macrophytes will be followed and the contribution of ma
171	1	quantitative analysis of benthic algae habitat allows estimating state of the coastal wa
12343	1	ow an update to be made for a number of fish species which are also being considered as part of
2518	3	it will construct operational models of fish stock dynamics explicitly taking account of exploi  hips, population dynamics of non-target fish species and economic modelling of fisheries from a  that increasing the amount of predatory fish leads to increased predation. the project will use
11208	1	ne organisms. the culture collection of algae and protozoa is an internationally important biol
10201	4	here but the activity of photosynthetic bacteria in the oceans over a period of 1.5 billion yea  - a process that is only carried out by bacteria. the balance of elements in the biosphere is t  he way it is because of the activity of bacteria. and all life on earth evolved from bacteria.   ria. and all life on earth evolved from bacteria. the role of marine microbes has been the subj
13573	2	ng them. recent research has shown that bacteria play a crucial role in the marine environment,  owledge and understanding of the marine bacteria are, however, still very incomplete.
12437	1	current trends continue many commercial fish stocks may not recover. all this provides strong c
2110	4	distribution and size structure of the zooplankton community, and that changes in size and ene  anges in size and energy content of key zooplankton prey will influence the energy transfer in   uire access to abundant and energy-rich zooplankton and pelagic fish in order to raise their ch  and energy-rich zooplankton and pelagic fish in order to raise their chicks successfully. clima
2138	1	hesis for this proposal is that clupeid fish , what lactate levels forces sprat out of hypoxic
2178	3	ystems from inorganic chemistry through phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria to export and   rganic chemistry through phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria to export and sedimentation,   through phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria to export and sedimentation, assessing consequ
13329	1	volution development and diversity, and fish and shellfish nodes. this research can be applied
13833	1	us. chironomids are in turn consumed by spiders on the shore-line and indirectly increase spide
12573	1	on previous work , looking at archived fish scales from more rivers around the uk from 1998 to
12431	1	ested by a range of organisms including invertebrates at the base of the food chain and there a
11370	3	e, and up to 90% is rapidly oxidised by bacteria. the biological pathways and their regulation   proposed research are to isolate marine bacteria that oxidise dms, to identify key enzymes and   udy the ecology of dms oxidising marine bacteria.
11042	3	characterise the species composition of bacteria that assimilated dms using the heavy dna. this  ation of the number of dms-assimilating bacteria will also be carried out by applying a new mic  enhance our understanding of how marine bacteria have an effect on the amount of dms that is em
10335	1	uch less readily obtained. for example, fish bones are often small and fragile and do not survi
15300	1	tanding of their biology and, like most fish recovery programs, depends on a hatchery culture p
10941	11	s risk of starvation or being eaten. in birds, how an individual views both starvation and pred  k is neatly measured by its weight. fat birds are unlikely to starve, but getting fat takes tim  duced. therefore we tend to find fatter birds when starvation risk is relatively important such  s when feeding is difficult and thinner birds when predation risk is relatively important such   predation risk simply from a measure of birds weight and how this varies. if this is true, it w  and routinely carried out for many wild birds during bird ringing. what this research aims to d  establish how we can use the weights of birds to assess starvation and predation risk and so dr  ining the habits and population size of birds. an example of how we can do this is provided by   t for ornithology ringing scheme, where birds are marked by enthusiastic amateurs to determine   o analyse weights from 30 species of uk birds. if we can establish rules that tell us what the   on and predation is for a population of birds on the basis of easily collected weights, we can
7503	2	in birds, the freezing of semen is the reference method fo  ed in most species of domestic and wild birds partridges, and their link with the ability to fr
2467	1	ng those with the largest production of fish biomass and seabird biodiversity on our planet.
11368	3	as bud burst or the arrival of migrant birds in spring. the lesser sandeel, a small, eel-like,  er sandeel, a small, eel-like, shoaling fish, is at the centre of the north sea food web being   important prey for many seabirds, large fish and marine mammals. sandeels are also the target o
11608	1	chanism underlying sex ratio control in birds and c investigate the effect of the genetic mix o
11741	3	body with larger flight muscles. worker bees in colonies with a queen sometimes lay eggs. if re   in the derbyshire peak district. queen bees will then be taken to the valley, each in her own   which will develop into daughter worker bees. paternity tests will be made on the daughter work
1974	10	many soil bacteria produce chitinases and other lytic enzymes tha  se living fungal hyphae. therefore such bacteria may be able to use living fungi as growth subs  such bacteria may be able to use living fungi as growth substrate i.e. analogous to so-called m  rasitism that is known for certain soil fungi. however, so far no information is available on t  onstrated that a newly defined genus of bacteria, collimonas, can grow on living hyphae in soil  phae in soil microcosms. the collimonas bacteria are dominant among the chitinolytic bacteria i  ria are dominant among the chitinolytic bacteria in acidic, fungal rich soils indicating the po  in situ occurrence and consequences for fungi of mycoparasitic growth of collimonas. identifica  ed to develop a protocol to screen soil bacteria for mycoparasitic potential. the major goals o  coparasitic growth potential among soil bacteria.
10048	1	ses using a small species of freshwater fish guppies on the island of trinidad in the carribean
10226	1	ses using a small species of freshwater fish guppies on the island of trinidad in the carribean
14129	1	y mechanisms of ribosome degradation in bacteria. to this end we will measure ribosome degradat
10554	1	the photosynthetic picoplankton. marine cyanobacteria of the closely-related genera prochloroco
10558	1	the photosynthetic picoplankton. marine cyanobacteria of the closely-related genera prochloroco
10887	2	carbon isotope values of common aquatic invertebrates . we have identified such alternative fue  r is there not an ancient signal in the invertebrates from ch4 if we can show that a typically
7486	1	of the viability and robustness of the fish under aquaculture conditions. this join them appro
13938	2	such as biogeographical distribution of bacteria, but it also poses elements of risks such as s  rne transport of viruses transmitted by birds. the suggested sampling strategy will allow ident
11761	2	he south, and microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi living in the soil. the aim of this    microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi living in the soil. the aim of this research proj
10719	14	of cave-adapted aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates including worms, pseudo-scorpions, spider  ates including worms, pseudo-scorpions, spiders, leeches and centipedes. remarkably over 30 of   centipedes. remarkably over 30 of these invertebrates are endemic to movile cave. these inverte  rates are endemic to movile cave. these invertebrates have adapted to life without light throug  rganic carbon made by non-photosythetic bacteria in the cave. in preliminary studies, it has be  ain active methane and sulfur oxidising bacteria which must be driving the start of the microbi  f the microbial food chain, where these bacteria grow and release nutrient for other bacteria a  ria grow and release nutrient for other bacteria and fungi to grow. in turn, the bacteria are g  release nutrient for other bacteria and fungi to grow. in turn, the bacteria are grazed on by w  acteria and fungi to grow. in turn, the bacteria are grazed on by worms and other invertebrates  cteria are grazed on by worms and other invertebrates and finally carnivores head the top of th  e top of the food chain by eating other invertebrates. this environment can be considered an ex  n top of this we can detect in the same fish-labelled cells the heavy, 13c from methane and car  igate the exact location and numbers of bacteria that incorporate our test c substrates and ove
15475	1	bacteria a unique framework to correlate microbial ocea
1091	2	atures on natural populations of marine invertebrates from coastal shallow-water habitats. a nu  ponse of natural populations of coastal invertebrates to climatic change.
7019	1	would consist of microorganisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. numerous recent findings have ind
10368	1	army ants are both ecologically important and prime candidat
1955	4	occur on their wintering grounds. these birds may not have the right cues to start spring migra  nd how selection favours early arriving birds. the outcome of these effects will be used to mod  ing arrival date. in the last years the birds did started egg laying almost directly after arri   in the next years we expect that these birds face the problem that they arrive too late to hav
14738	3	ls, which kill hundreds of thousands of birds each year worldwide. this research project aims .  ers on longliners and collecting killed birds. assignment test will be applied on these birds t  ssignment test will be applied on these birds to investigate the impact of longliners on specif
10543	1	ent that exploit commercially-important fish stocks in the north sea. this model will be used t
7277	1	lly to cause erosion of biodiversity in fish: global warming, invasions of species and overfish
13609	7	erature, which may be inappropriate for algae, given that much of this theory is linked to the   linked to the biology of plants. marine algae do not have roots, translocation is unusual, and,  w theoretical perspective is needed for algae. without a conceptual understanding of algae func  . without a conceptual understanding of algae function it will be difficult to recognize and pr  s that chemical defences are costly for macroalgae, and, investigate the role of growth, plant   n determining costs. two species of red algae will be used as test species. the questions will   e to understand the responses of marine algae to environmental changes that affect algal growth
13972	7	seagrass meadows are considered important biotopes for   l zone including commercially important fish species. however, the extension of seagrass decrea  fish species. however, the extension of seagrass decreases rapidly, and 60% of the zostera mari  grass decreases rapidly, and 60% of the zostera marina along the swedish west coast has disappe  f increased turbidity and overgrowth of macroalgae. eutrophication is regarded as driving force  sed grazing and increased overgrowth of macroalgae. our overall hypothesis is that trophic casc  rophication results in excess growth of macroalgae in zostera. extensive data sets on zostera b
2183	1	consequences of climate change on lake fish communities are very poorly understood. windermere
14595	3	he growth and ultrastructure of aquatic fungi, microalgae and bacteria, the factors affecting t  ucture of aquatic fungi, microalgae and bacteria, the factors affecting their production, their  ltrastructure of microalgae and aquatic fungi 2. to know the effect of the variation in culture
15423	1	uence of the photosynthetic activity of algae, and they are also responsible for most of the bi
11299	1	tribute to shaping populations of brown algae. it not only has the largest reported host range
11540	1	tribute to shaping populations of brown algae. it not only has the largest reported host range
11630	3	an check to see if disease is caused in fish and can look for possible polluting chemicals but   t tiny changes that might be harmful in fish before it is too late and disease occurs. in recen  s for detecting effects of chemicals on fish and other organisms in the environment.
14448	2	in bulgaria the treasure of lactic acid bacteria . the original development of specific gene ma  ffect of selected bulgarian lactic acid bacteria, determination of the mechanisms of adhesion t
11385	1	ithin dominance hierarchies. individual fish held under growth and stress regimes enabled the i
6852	1	d fluoroquinolone resistance in enteric bacteria collected from some 160 environmental samples
15484	1	cycles in aphids but also in many other insects.
11344	3	c microorganisms degrade the cellulosic phytoplankton biomass, principally to carbon dioxide an  ively ubiquitous groups of cellulolytic bacteria, we also have evidence that gut inhabiting ana   evidence that gut inhabiting anaerobic fungi occur in the environment at large and are keen to
6807	2	the fish-parasitic myxosporeans has still unclear parts. du   of infection caused by myxosporeans in fish host from the early developmental stages of parasi
11618	2	marine nematodes are a ubiquitous, abundant, hyper-diverse gro  terisation and identification of marine nematodes in british estuaries where species are relati
14544	2	tly widely distributed group within the bacteria. recently, the use of molecular techniques has  ty of natural ecosystems. most of these bacteria have not been cultured and characterized yet a
7494	3	on cultivability more than 99 % of soil bacteria, alternative techniques have been developed ba  ble to express in vitro non- culturable bacteria genes including complex operons encoding full   ill also be used to develop mycorrhizal fungi cdna libraries from the ground after the removal
10186	3	ersity and activity of ch3cl -degrading bacteria in the environment. phylogenetic probes based   ferase found in chloromethane-utilising bacteria will be used to examine the ecology of these b  be used to examine the ecology of these bacteria in laboratory based mesocosm studies and in en
14926	3	s is the adaptation of plants to animal pollinators. the significance of animal pollinator as a  pollinators. the significance of animal pollinator as a directional force can be appreciated in  as a result of adaptacion to particular pollinators. nor is it known to what extent convergence
15045	3	s is the adaptation of plants to animal pollinators. the significance of animal pollinator as a  pollinators. the significance of animal pollinator as a directional force can be appreciated in  as a result of adaptation to particular pollinators. nor is it known to what extent convergence
7304	1	s approach combining molecular biology, fish and immunocytochemistry, if molecular structures e
15459	1	ts in the many genera of lichen-forming fungi currently in use were developed in the 1970s, and
10104	2	on a symbiosis with sulphide-oxidising bacteria and bivalve molluscs are a major component of   iosis, structural accommodations to the bacteria and diversification of lucinids into different
14535	1	ecies concept obtained with our data to bacteria in general.
10352	2	bound form that can be utilized by some bacteria, but not by plants. we have identified a bacte   gene expression in the root-associated bacteria and in the plant while supplying varying level
14967	2	huge number and variety of microscopic fungi. the most common are the ascomycete, which are th   sexual state of an important number of fungi of biotechnological importance, of plant and anim
14451	3	importance of four taxonomic groups of fungi in bulgaria . 3. establishment of new for bulgari  lishment of new for bulgaria species of fungi and new fungal hosts and substrata. 4. new data a  nificance of the investigated groups of fungi in bulgaria.
13814	1	r threatened species and as refuges for pollinators and natural enemies of crop pests, and to e
14732	2	cardiac outflow tract of chondrichthian fish consists of a single myocardial chamber, the conus  e anatomy and adaptive evolution of the fish heart and which have been controversial during man
15365	1	ooms, being a dominant component of the phytoplankton. a more detailed study performed in the n
11254	7	e by small photosynthetic plants called phytoplankton. in the large central regions of the ocea  from the coasts, very small unicellular cyanobacteria are the most numerous part of the phytopl  teria are the most numerous part of the phytoplankton. these cyanobacteria are continually grow  merous part of the phytoplankton. these cyanobacteria are continually growing and dividing, but  er with the defence mechanisms that the cyanobacteria have developed, which are the focus of th  we would like to find out whether these cyanobacteria have specific structures on their surface  s there aren t enough nutrients for the cyanobacteria and it is important to find out how starv
11494	7	e by small photosynthetic plants called phytoplankton. in the large central regions of the ocea  from the coasts, very small unicellular cyanobacteria are the most numerous part of the phytopl  teria are the most numerous part of the phytoplankton. these cyanobacteria are continually grow  merous part of the phytoplankton. these cyanobacteria are continually growing and dividing, but  er with the defence mechanisms that the cyanobacteria have developed, which are the focus of th  we would like to find out whether these cyanobacteria have specific structures on their surface  s there aren t enough nutrients for the cyanobacteria and it is important to find out how starv
11029	10	se tiny one-celled creatures are called phytoplankton , and their photosynthesis draws carbon d  e are important in determining how much phytoplankton will grow. it use to be assumed that phyt  on will grow. it use to be assumed that phytoplankton could divide indefinitely i.e. that they   on losses came only from being eaten by zooplankton, infected by viruses or sinking out of the   the sunlit waters. but now we know that phytoplankton are mortal, and that they will grow old a  ize fits all rule may not apply because phytoplankton are highly diverse - some are less relate  in all other life on earth. indeed, the phytoplankton made the earth s oxygen atmosphere a bill  aled how important the natural death of phytoplankton could be for the energy flow of marine ec   more than half of the surface-dwelling phytoplankton may be dead. dead cells cannot grow and d  to better understand how populations of phytoplankton grow, divide and die in the vast expanses
1082	3	amines that are correlated with marine invertebrates metabolism, and methanogens that produce   e, abundance and diversity of meio- and macrofauna will be assessed, also in relation to the fr   integrated and ecological modelling of bacteria-mediated c transfer to higher trophic levels w
13974	7	fungi capable of forming biotrophic mycorrhizal associa  verse range of free-living saprotrophic fungi. however, multiple evolutionary reversals from my  ndition and vice-versa have occurred in fungi, indicating that the ability to form mycorrhiza i   to examine how saprotrophic wood-decay fungi interact with healthy roots of forest trees, some  , more that 200 species of saprotrophic fungi will be examined for their capacity to form funct  s by p. gigantea and other saprotrophic fungi on sites treated with biocontrol agent of p. giga  biotrophic association is in wood-decay fungi. it will also provide new insights into fungal ec
522	4	far as the relations betweens scavenger birds and farming systems are largely variable and depe  es that they generate for the scavenger birds. finally it is also part of axis 3, interactions   dy was devoted to the role of scavenger birds in the quartering management. one of the issuess    all the possible dynamics of scavenger birds in this quartering system. in priority elaborated
14712	2	egetation conditioning the community of invertebrates. only in some areas wild herbivorous exis  stems, and for that purpose 3 groups of insects with different biology and functional importanc
15355	1	roject on ecological interactions among arthropods in an organic citrus grove. the main project
10942	8	colonization of plants by am fungi is known to alter the growth and survival of foli  e growth and survival of foliar-feeding insects. this project aims to examine if these effects   n a higher trophic level, namely insect parasitoids. a model system of leucanthemum vulgare, a   e, a leaf mining fly and its associated parasitoids will be studied in observational and manipu  specifically, we ask whether amf affect parasitoid performance through changes in plant archite  growth, survival and fitness of fly and parasitoids assessed. in addition, a semi-controlled ex  trolled experiment will examine fly and parasitoid performance on plants grown with different c  ts grown with different combinations of fungi, isolated from the field site.
11745	1	amination. the soil contains indigenous bacteria that have adapted to tolerate and degrade thes
542	1	disruption of ant-plant mutualisms, as ants were more affected by climate change than plants.
15371	3	s and antiparasitic defensive traits of birds that breed in risky hole-nest environments. impor  ogenic infection of offspring and adult birds in the nest. we hypothesise that , and thus will   to evaluate the importance of different bacteria in the expected fitness effects of the uropygi
11096	4	have recently shown that at least some fungi can form mycorrhizas on both. this is exciting be  hesis by the trees might be used by the fungi to support nutrient uptake by the shrubs or vice   to find out whether sharing mycorrhizal fungi is widespread in the field, and get more informat  blaeberry. we will culture these shared fungi on artificial media in the laboratory, and then u
12201	1	cereals, especially wheat, by fusarium fungi can lead to contamination of grain, and hence gra
15063	2	persal, especially in avian species. in birds females usually females disperse more than males   than dominant, adults or good condition birds. the present research project aims at answering s
10282	4	en the long-term studies of mammals and birds where it has been possible to follow individuals   ld system to the handful of mammals and birds which have thus far been thoroughly studied in na  males may be more likely to be eaten by birds. these issues with crickets are shared with almos  timates made in the field 8. do related insects ever meet and if they do, do they mate with one
11746	1	ing. we have isolate a number of marine bacteria that have the interesting property of attracti
10934	2	ance extends to other metals, cu pb, in fish from different metallogenic regions and if ag tole  able information on the adaptability of fish to metal rich environments, with emphasis on ag, a
12398	1	directive, the habitats directive, the birds directive and the nitrates directive. each scenar
15369	4	s and antiparasitic defensive traits of birds that breed in risky hole-nest environments. impor  ogenic infection of offspring and adult birds in the nest. we hypothesise that mutualistic asso  esise that mutualistic association with bacteria as defence mechanisms against pathogenic infec  ll pay special attention to mutualistic bacteria living in the uropygial gland of hoopoes, as w
10648	6	living birds evolved from a flightless ancestor. the changes t  ide the skull of both living and fossil birds, revealing how the brain of modern birds has evol  irds, revealing how the brain of modern birds has evolved. using ct analysis, the size of the f  ned in dinosaurs and living and extinct birds, because its shape - and that of the brain as a w  gists to infer flying ability for early birds such as archaeopteryx from this structure. howeve  t, and the transition from dinosaurs to birds.
13925	1	l for attractant research on other pest insects, such as mosquitoes or moths. in addition, the
10929	9	the sense of smell of fish is exquisitely sensitive and precise with the abil  r way back to their natal streams since fish with this sense impaired bilaterally are unable to  known what particular smells the homing fish are attracted to, nor how their nervous systems de  eased into the water by closely related fish , particular chemicals or groups of chemicals comm   physiological recordings from selected fish. we will also establish populations of hatchery re  stablish populations of hatchery reared fish imprinted to either chemically or fish conditioned   fish imprinted to either chemically or fish conditioned water and assess their preferences for  odours using a laboratory y-maze. these fish will then be used for physiological recording expe  esponses in imprinted and non-imprinted fish.
14452	2	environmental risk assessment in model insects and small mammalians will be proposed. they pro  odern molecular cytogenetical approach: fish, differential staining of chromosomes, comet assay
10367	2	cause data on the major predators - the spiders - are missing. the objectives of this study are  ormation from newly discovered mesozoic spiders using innovative techniques in reflected-light
12242	1	ses, especially perennial ryegrass, and legumes adaptation to climate change through enhanced w
11560	2	ion may also be important in sustaining fish growth. this proposal seeks support to study these  o assess the impacts of such changes on phytoplankton productivity and fisheries.
15468	1	special protection, especially for wild birds . the culturable prokaryotic biodiversity found i
13504	1	distribution of heterotrophic n2-fixing bacteria in the baltic sea and gains insights into some
10051	3	terms of, for example, n2o, o2 and the bacteria driving the n-cycle. we will experimentally ma  o organic matter and analyse the active bacteria involved in the metabolism of these gases by u   understanding of the key processes and bacteria involved in these complex metabolisms in such
11581	3	terms of, for example, n2o, o2 and the bacteria driving the n-cycle. we will experimentally ma  o organic matter and analyse the active bacteria involved in the metabolism of these gases by u   understanding of the key processes and bacteria involved in these complex metabolisms in such
13936	1	igena. nodularia is one of the dominant cyanobacteria in the summer blooms with major contribut
2108	2	arios. this will include changes to the fish and invertebrate stocks. many of the models that w  c impact of the expected changes in the fish stocks under various chlimate change scenarios on
15190	1	ect study of the nuclear dna content in algae, with special reference to phaeophyceae cgl2005-0
14640	1	d to measure the nuclear dna content in algae using fluorimetric techniques, with the aim of tr
7562	2	r transfer from frozen somatic cells in fish. the term aim is to enable the restoration of indi  yonic cell nuclei gives good results in fish, including interspecific, but the field is still b
146	2	hnology and field margins are promoting parasitoids and predators presence in agrocenosis.resul   the role of carabids and hymenopterous parasitoids is increasing in plant protection.
2547	1	these snp markers on a large number of birds to reconstruct the phylogeographic history of the
12451	6	ted the distribution of fishing effort, fish abundance and food-web structure. specially, impli  ations of shifts in the distribution of fish and fisheries and changes in size structure of the  es and changes in size structure of the fish community, and gathering more information about th  es in the distribution and abundance of fish; use biological data from scientific surveys to pr  de knowledge on how the size and age of fish and their relative abundance has changed and help   es in the distribution and abundance of fish.
14370	2	uation coefficient, primary production, phytoplankton functional groups and partial pressure of   understanding of optical properties of phytoplankton, impact of bottom reflectance and adjacen
14453	3	n. to further test the possibility that birds use geomagnetic information for navigation, caged  in particular the alternatives by which birds can detect longitude by use of geomagnetic declin  ast and south africa. the proportion of birds from different subspecies of willow warbler passi
15057	1	amongst the halophilic bacteria the genus halomonas contains a very high numbe
11557	1	the incredible success of living birds of pneumaticity was a single event or occurred on
15212	1	y traits and reproductive strategies in birds. recent studies emphasized the role of oxidative
13481	3	food quality and follow the transfer to fish during eight offshore expeditions in 2004-2005. we  us reproductional disturbance in baltic fish know as m74: oxidative stress, astaxanthin, thiami  s is that m74 and other disturbances in fish correlate to a pelagic regime shift caused by larg
6885	1	s. species composition of the subfossil zooplankton community can be reconstructed by its remai
10647	4	this knowledge to improve models of how zooplankton transport carbon, through their faecal mate  aecal material, to depth. understanding zooplankton dvm is important for many reasons. quantify   will be able to understand the role of zooplankton in arctic ecosystems and this is of particu  ons on the effect of plankton-dependent fish species are to be made.
12070	2	ects of recent global changes on marine phytoplankton. these high biomass blooms can lead to se  pread marine parasites such as viruses, bacteria, and protists specific for these toxic microal
15061	1	e communities of three sympatric mullet fish to elucidate the origin of associations of selecte
15145	1	ed to parasite fauna of many species of birds and of mammals belonging to orders insectivora, r
10782	1	marine phytoplankton play a central role in the cycling of bio
11318	1	marine phytoplankton play a central role in the cycling of bio
2187	1	butterflies and agriculture associated birds, since species of these groups associated with se
15122	2	s of these systems and, hence, on their phytoplankton , the processes determining the pathways   changes in the smallest fraction of the phytoplankton community are triggered in response to ch
2048	1	ke spatial distribution patterns of the fish, stock dynamics and the impact of the fishery rela
15220	1	ill propose the protection of important birds areas for seabirds at sea.
11395	1	se systems such as tropical forests and coral reefs. in this way, we shall measure and distingu
7208	2	mption of development among herbivorous insects, production of primary inoculum in parasitic fu  uction of primary inoculum in parasitic fungi. genericity of this feature allows you to set at
14953	1	to phosphorus availability in distinct phytoplankton organisms and to determine its role in th
10301	1	planktonic and epiphytic and epibenthic algae in rivers. such rivers often fail to meet the sta
15399	1	cycles in aphids but also in many other insects.
14930	3	tions to their peculiar environment. in insects, morphological changes include reduction of eye  ting the development. in holometabolous insects the hormones regulating the embryonic, larval a  mones has been done for a wide range of insects, including beetles, similar profiles are availa
216	2	studies of certain groups of cetrarioid lichens worldwide. the tasks of the project are as foll  version of the world list of cetrarioid lichens and to complement it with the nomenclatural dat
14844	4	ll study the phylogeny and evolution of earthworms belonging to the family lumbricidae as the o  eproductive organ in the hermaphroditic earthworms that works as an apparatus for mating and sp  nd some species, the so-called athecate earthworms even lack spermathecae and are apparently pa  ctic and parthenogenetic populations of earthworms with a very controversial taxonomic position
14454	1	sis and the spermatozoon of cestodes of birds and mammals 6. additional motivation of the young
7399	1	ng two major groups of plant pathogenic bacteria, identify cohesive forces maintaining the inte
7597	1	ng two major groups of plant pathogenic bacteria, identify cohesive forces maintaining the inte
14913	2	about the general models of freshwater fish distribution, and the identification of cobitiform  a, caucasus and the european freshwater fish fauna. the diversity of these groups was long time
12060	1	ations on trees and tree – phytophagous insects interactions. but this very topic as well is fa
13946	2	important. the bioavailability of fe to phytoplankton is influenced by its physico-chemical spe   metal:c ratios in field populations of phytoplankton. this information is vital to make links
15203	6	th much more biodiversity or b a turbid phytoplankton-dominated system in which aquatic vegetat  e of this, an integrated picture of the phytoplankton-aquatic vegetation interaction that combi  undergoes, negatively affects submerged macrophytes in shallow systems like coastal lagoons, an  thy is an important interaction between macrophytes and phytoplankton at field scale and, there  ant interaction between macrophytes and phytoplankton at field scale and, therefore, to determi   by nutrients on the plankton-submerged macrophytes relationship and to determine what macrophy
2513	7	marine phytoplankton form the basis of the marine food chain a  he overall ecological success of marine phytoplankton, but also its taxonomic diversity and siz   a prominent group of calcifying marine algae, have shown that the physiological responses to t  omplicate our predictions of how marine algae may adapt to future climatic scenarios. we propos  o study the adaptive response of marine algae to climatic change across ecological and evolutio   genotypic-specific responses in living algae. the outcome of this project will provide groundb  rovide groundbreaking insights into how algae have adapted to past environmental change, and he
14133	2	egime shifts in nutrient limitation and phytoplankton response. an existing data set of 6 large  ssociation between functional groups of phytoplankton and dominant grazer type. finally a set o
9917	1	ing antenna of photosystem ii in intact phytoplankton cells. comparison between the direct exci
11342	1	ortion via zygotic interference seen in insects, srds of crustacea act later in host developmen
11114	7	just like humans, algae are plagued by diseases caused by fungi, bacteria  algae are plagued by diseases caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses. this is of ecological impor  re plagued by diseases caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses. this is of ecological importance s  o a basis for future comparisons on how algae, animals and terrestrial plants defend themselves  tudies, it can already be inferred that algae share some very old defence mechanisms with them,   and trying to infect a large number of algae from different geographical origins, we will try    to understand how the pathogen and the algae might possibly have co-evolved. this knowledge of
10460	2	phytoplankton and zooplankton samples collected during                         phytoplankton and zooplankton samples collected during the marine product
14478	1	o analyze the relationships between the fungi of the order urocystales and their hosts, with th
12527	2	phytoplasmas are bacteria-like pathogens that infect plants. spread by i  pathogens that infect plants. spread by insects, these pathogens have a number of biological pr
12545	1	fungi comprise nearly 70 % of the non-native pathogens
2461	1	nter environmental stresses for example insects, pathogens and plant nutrients. presence of the
7682	1	on two biodiversity layers: plants and insects in semi-natural managed grasslands. in these mo
2067	2	ination crisis whereby the diversity of pollinators is declined due to human interference. if r  tantial and complete knowledge of plant-pollinator relationships and interactions, and the cons
11445	4	king specialisation to a less efficient pollinator, provided that such specialisation does not   he benefits conferred by more efficient pollinators. in other words, plants may be cryptic gene  edictions of adaptation to a particular pollinator type. we found an ideal model system to stud  entify the relative values of different pollinators for these flowers.
14941	3	effect of predators on the behaviour of pollinators will depend on the amount of nectar that po  ill depend on the amount of nectar that pollinators can expect to obtain at flowers. flower col  ecause they affect the probability that pollinators detect ambushing predators and the probabil
7418	1	into account the problems of farmers on pollinators. second, to organize a national day of awar
212	1	size and duration of growing period in insects. in particular, we will investigate whether, an
11149	2	the reproductive success of individual fish in the competing groups and try to relate this suc  plex mixtures of chemical discharges on fish populations in the natural environment for the bet
11696	2	the reproductive success of individual fish in the competing groups and try to relate this suc  plex mixtures of chemical discharges on fish populations in the natural environment for the bet
2164	1	a direct impact on the survival of the fish once they enter the marine environment. 2 furtherm
11383	3	ter fleas grow up in a habitat in which fish are present they develop head and tail spines that  d tail spines that make it harder for a fish to eat them, however these spines are not produced  ever these spines are not produced when fish are absent. this ability of an animal to change wh
2052	1	tems, but also for predatory freshwater fish in general.
13472	2	d habitats. the project will focus wood fungi confined to burned or fire-influenced dead pines.  thus be hypothesized that this group of fungi are patch tracking metapopulations at two spatial
11392	7	all life on earth depends on bacteria, which drive the global cycles of matter and e   dna sequences of hundreds of different bacteria, we can see that nearly all these diverse func  ns are carried out by accessory genes . bacteria are like computers: they have a basic genome t  tem running and is much the same in all bacteria, rather like the hardware and operating system  lection of these by swapping with other bacteria, just as computers accumulate software package  ve installed. we expect that even those bacteria that belong to the same species and have essen  , looking at large numbers of genes and bacteria so that we can draw some strong general conclu
11709	4	change are adding further pressures on fish resources. new strategies are therefore required t  biological differences that exist among fish stocks into stock assessment. such information is   ation is important since most exploited fish species comprise assemblages of individuals that d  aintenance of genetic diversity in wild fish populations, so endowing them with greater evoluti
10028	4	change are adding further pressures on fish resources. new strategies are therefore required t  biological differences that exist among fish stocks into stock assessment. such information is   ation is important since most exploited fish species comprise assemblages of individuals that d  aintenance of genetic diversity in wild fish populations, so endowing them with greater evoluti
13469	1	eral for conservation issues of aquatic invertebrates. among species comparisons will be made.
11163	2	whole water system reacting in terms of fish losses or build-up of poisonous algae. sometimes,   of fish losses or build-up of poisonous algae. sometimes, ecosytems can withstand a good deal o
12572	3	nt of predation by specific pisciverous fish and non-native crustacean species on diadromous fi  native crustacean species on diadromous fish within the freshwater and estuarine environments.   ween the management plans for different fish species and to advise on the control or eradicatio
2180	1	will affect the population dynamics of birds and mammals, and how these dynamical influences w
9851	3	ons, and between these plants and their pollinators. these mismatches could substantially reduc   and the ecological resilience of plant-pollinator networks. attempts to predict such effects a  tionary change in flower morphology and pollinator visitation. the case partner, the avon wildl
13596	1	idized to no2- by the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria spatial modelling of the phylogenetic structur
12167	1	ments and causes of decline of farmland birds.
12562	3	l the response of native and non-native fish species under conditions of climate change; refine  s arising from the spread of non-native fish, including the spread of novel fish diseases, esse  ive fish, including the spread of novel fish diseases, essential for the appropriate implementa
2211	5	he dynamics of ecosystems, in the case, fish and wildlife populations. this overall goal can be  y of types of species under focus, e.g. fish and moose • clarity the institutional prerequisite  rerequisites for adaptive management of fish and wildlife • explore to what extent local system   what extent local systems for managing fish and wildlife exhibit adaptive qualities and ascert  framework for the management of swedish fish and wildlife populations. • suggest how existing m
461	2	hunting, guano mining, localization of fish schools are all ecosystem services provided by sea  improving living conditions for coastal birds, notably in madagascar.
11345	1	ing of dms production by this important phytoplankton group.
14555	1	udies. many vertebrates, and especially birds, develop conspicuous sex-specific secondary sexua
10755	1	largest single freshwater reservoir of bacteria on the earth s surface. the total bacterial ce
14580	6	d dynamics of the bacterioplankton, the phytoplankton and the zooplankton during an annual cycl  erioplankton, the phytoplankton and the zooplankton during an annual cycle under different envi  nic groups. the role of the mixotrophic phytoplankton will be specially analysed. these organis  so analyse the relationship between the zooplankton size structure and the degree of the commun  es of the structure of the plankton and benthos due to the production and the fish predation.   d benthos due to the production and the fish predation.
2140	2	arthropods of tropical forests constitute the dominant   est the hypothesis that 2/3 of tropical arthropods lives in the canopy. it is one of the first
7683	1	etter understanding of the evolution of coral reefs ecosystems in the context of global changes
14105	17	erally suggested that the strength of a fish year-class is determined by the availability of pl  gh mortality is well known among larval fish. the diet of fish larvae is determined by their ga  ll known among larval fish. the diet of fish larvae is determined by their gape and prey size a  hem an available food source for larval fish.despite the growing number of publications on the   e cascading effect of the planktivorous fish to the microbial loop components. the majority of    and therefore easily decomposed in the fish gut. thus, protist ingestion may have been neglect  lties in describing the gut contents of fish larvae, due to a high degree of decomposition of t   with the direct protist consumption by fish larvae in natural environment. to our knowledge th  method to study the role of protists as fish larvae food. we hypothesize that in the freshwater  that in the freshwater lakes the larval fish may feed on protozoan prey at rates that potential   proportion of protozoan prey in larval fish diet in different water bodies. 2.to find out is t  otozoan consumption depending on larval fish species/age. 3.to find out the key factors determi   importance of protozoan prey in larval fish diets. 4.to determine the effect of larval fish fe  ts. 4.to determine the effect of larval fish feeding on the microbial loop and classical food w   proportion of protozoan prey in larval fish diet we are going to sample larval fish in various  fish diet we are going to sample larval fish in various lake types. to assess the effect of lar  e types. to assess the effect of larval fish feeding on the microbial loop and classical food w
10628	3	and losers tend to go on losing so bold fish experiencing a succession of defeats may become mo   of defeats may become more shy and shy fish repeatedly being the victor may become more bold.   gy demands to determine if a hungry shy fish is willing to take risks in the presence of a pred
2205	1	ation of many aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans and molluscs is already today strictl
12540	4	everal groups of plant pests/pathogens: insects, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, fungi for which   oups of plant pests/pathogens: insects, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, fungi for which taqman pc  /pathogens: insects, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, fungi for which taqman pcrs are available. v   insects, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, fungi for which taqman pcrs are available. validated pr
11184	4	the respiration rates in micro and meso-zooplankton will be measured when fed phytoplankton pre  o-zooplankton will be measured when fed phytoplankton prey of high and low n:c in limiting and   unts. the rate of cn consumption and of zooplankton-cn population growth will also be determine  data for parameterising newly developed zooplankton models. the implications of these processes
9833	1	ding systems are most commonly found in insects determine what the energetic costs are of helpi
11020	2	the importance of earthworms in the processing of soil organic matter of   w dimension to the understanding of how earthworms affect the breakdown of organic matter, how
10711	2	catch them unawares. for example, crab spiders can blend in with their background and record t  record their behaviour. we would expect bees that have experience of predators to fly more caut
11141	7	itats for declining plants, pollinating insects and birds. all new developments in major cities  clining plants, pollinating insects and birds. all new developments in major cities like london  y, so when the roof is constructed soil invertebrates are likely to be absent and the microbial  to 1 characterise the community of soil invertebrates and microbes in roofs of different age, t   present, and 2 to add mixtures of soil bacteria and fungi, to determine if a sustainable micro   2 to add mixtures of soil bacteria and fungi, to determine if a sustainable microbial communit  nique that is culture-independent. soil invertebrates and we will also construct a new roof, wi
11227	1	tion to some natural ecosystems such as coral reefs. even europe experiences changed weather pa
9895	1	tion to some natural ecosystems such as coral reefs. even europe experiences changed weather pa
14128	2	chnologically important substances with bacteria is growing target in several commercial sector   studied, fast and cheaply cultivatable bacteria that is favourable to use as a production syst
11871	8	occasionally lethal sting. jack jumper ants are also unusual in that very closely related spec   explore the genomes of closely related ants that have far more chromosomes; in one case as man   18-32 pairs. although we know that the ants have different chromosome numbers, we know almost   han m. croslandi to allow us to ask: do ants with more chromosomes have more dna overall, or do   the same amount into smaller pieces do ants with more chromosomes have more junk or repetitive  sed in future work to determine whether ants with different chromosome numbers can interbreed.   rent chromosome numbers can interbreed. ants are highly diverse and important components of alm  he evolution and diversification of the ants, and also of genome and chromosome evolution in ot
10576	1	structure and ecology of shallow water coral reefs. this occurs through the physical destructi
10021	2	colonization of freshwater habitats by fish since rivers and lakes all date from the end of th  n understanding how the biodiversity of fish populations arises and how it may be conserved for
11034	2	ryozoans, or moss-animals, are colonial invertebrates found predominantly in marine environment   of biomineralized skeletons in aquatic invertebrates and their possible secondary loss when co
10718	1	es of languages, pottery, and human gut bacteria suggest that farmers in taiwan began heading s
11422	1	es of languages, pottery, and human gut bacteria suggest that farmers in taiwan began heading s
10785	1	ins spectacular fossils of small marine invertebrates that lived about 425 million years ago, d
11065	1	ins spectacular fossils of small marine invertebrates that lived about 425 million years ago, d
11833	1	ins spectacular fossils of small marine invertebrates that lived about 425 million years ago, d
7164	5	. . the rich procession of parasitoids, all general practitioners and indigenous,   e to be found in the search behavior of parasitoids, which do not seem attracted to the plant i  tions under which a biotic control with parasitoids would be more effective. a combination of n   is primarily to increase the number of parasitoids on alternative miners to create an independ  . the potentially devastating effect of parasitoids from the horse chestnut leaf miner on the d
11180	1	iron concentrations released by marine bacteria. it is essential that iron data are of high qu
2012	1	ays as well as the influence of benthic macrofauna will be studied to obtain an integrated view
13795	1	baltic sea, its food web structure and fish stocks in order to develop and test regime shift i
11642	2	cyanobacteria numerically dominate the tropical and sub  y, flow cytometry, molecular ecology of cyanobacteria combined with terrestrial background skil
11488	1	the photosynthetic picoplankton. marine cyanobacteria of the closely-related genera prochloroco
6826	1	on the social behaviour of animals. in birds, most studies investigate how genetic relatedness
10655	7	phytoplankton form the base of the marine food chain. m  the base of the marine food chain. most phytoplankton are benign and indeed positively benefiti  ir prouction of toxic substances. these phytoplankton are often called harmful algal blooms or   led harmful algal blooms or habs. toxic phytoplankton may be ingested by filter feeding shellfi  lness may occur. monitoring programs of phytoplankton and shellfish flesh act as a means of min  s that are not fully understood harmful phytoplankton and theor toxins are perceived to be on t  epresentatives with expertise in hamful phytoplankton and their effects. the worshop will allow
11583	7	phytoplankton form the base of the marine food chain. m  the base of the marine food chain. most phytoplankton are benign and indeed positively benefiti  ir prouction of toxic substances. these phytoplankton are often called harmful algal blooms or   led harmful algal blooms or habs. toxic phytoplankton may be ingested by filter feeding shellfi  lness may occur. monitoring programs of phytoplankton and shellfish flesh act as a means of min  s that are not fully understood harmful phytoplankton and their toxins are perceived to be on t  epresentatives with expertise in hamful phytoplankton and their effects. the worshop will allow
193	12	roject innovatively combines methods of fish biology studies and novel sociological approaches   ficiencies in sustainable management of fish resources and at the same time management strategi  ke peipsi has been a water body rich in fish production. however, during 20th century the total   caused drastic increase in pressure on fish resources of l. peipsi forming potential risk to t  local livelihood. furthermore, valuable fish resources of the lake are under the threat of anth  o not correspond to the recent state of fish stocks. the influence of the interactions of these  of the interactions of these factors on fish community is investigated insufficiently. moreover  wn; therefore, the proper assessment of fish stocks is hindered. as local fishing dependent com  agement decisions. though, the state of fish stock, its managements implications on local well-  s in clarifying on how the state of the fish community is affected by the interactions of envir  d their motivation for participating in fish resources management. fishing pressure of winterti  ecting estonian interests in preventing fish stock degradation and ensuring stability of the vu
162	5	ader species feed predominately on soil invertebrates, especially earthworms and insects, the i  ately on soil invertebrates, especially earthworms and insects, the investigation will be focus  nvertebrates, especially earthworms and insects, the investigation will be focused on these com  titution, abundance and biomass of soil invertebrates communities. at the same time, we assume   methods, will also be carried out. soil invertebrates and microbial communities will be studied
15296	1	in objective proposes to use crustacean zooplankton for studying the relative importance of sto
13460	3	completely non-invasive tool to detect fish species communities . therefore no fishing gear ne  ar needs to be used for identifying the fish species, a few milliliters of water will be enough  to become necessary in ranges of future fish- and aquatic biodiversity management and research,
14694	1	seahorses are distinctive marine fish which are affected by overexploitation and habitat
14160	2	whether homing is typical to freshwater fish species. our expertise in studying the spatial and  ral dynamics and migratory behaviour of fish, but also reproductive parameters and success as w
11156	1	populations, from mites to mammals and birds, display such cyclic patterns. life history strat
13759	1	european coastal systems – soft-bottom seagrass beds and hard-bottom macroalgal beds – for eco
7296	1	species within functional groups. coral fish, diverse and highly structured assemblies, serve a
13828	2	lience of the communities of saproxylic coleoptera and, a severely neglected group of insects,   tera and, a severely neglected group of insects, saproxylic parasitic wasps to disturbance resu
13734	3	invertebrates lack adaptive immunity and have to rely o  l how virus affect the immune system in invertebrates and specifically how a virus infection af  is known about how virus interacts with invertebrates and their immune system and it is hoped t
10256	1	baculoviruses are pathogens that infect arthropods, especially butterflies and moths, and these
11267	1	baculoviruses are pathogens that infect arthropods, especially butterflies and moths, and these
10500	3	tly improved after having been mixed by earthworms. our aim in the proposed study is to demonst   simulated landfill biocover containing earthworms can be used to eliminate lge. through the us  derstanding of the interactions between earthworms and the active microorganisms in a landfill
10740	3	tly improved after having been mixed by earthworms. our aim in the proposed study is to demonst   simulated landfill biocover containing earthworms can be used to eliminate lge. through the us  derstanding of the interactions between earthworms and the active microorganisms in a landfill
11622	3	tly improved after having been mixed by earthworms. our aim in the proposed study is to demonst   simulated landfill biocover containing earthworms can be used to eliminate lge. through the us  derstanding of the interactions between earthworms and the active microorganisms in a landfill
10836	1	saprotrophic cord-forming fungi play a central role in n cycling in temperate for
9968	1	saprotrophic cord-forming fungi play a central role in n cycling in temperate for
15394	1	rimental and modeling approaches. using birds as model system, we will analyze the response to
11296	1	leyi is a fast growing coccolithophorid phytoplankton species that forms calcium carbonate . wo
15360	1	s to minimize irreversible impacts over seagrass meadows constituted by c. nodosa and its assoc
12142	6	d studies of the impact of the invasive algae gonyostomum semen on vulnerability of the native   nalysis of intraspecific populations of algae genome diversity influence on local species richn   dissolved organic matter and competing algae as nutrient sources by studding the growth of g.   boratory experiments. the chronology of phytoplankton species composition their productivity an  s of g. semen will be examined based on phytoplankton pigments, n, p and c amounts fluctuations  synthesized bio-compounds , determining algae dominance and native species resistance will be c
14968	11	ng-lived, resistant dormant propagules. zooplankton may produce resting eggs, which maintain it  f biodiversity, genetic variability and zooplankton dispersal. the consequences of zooplankton   plankton dispersal. the consequences of zooplankton dispersal on lake communities and egg banks  icient studying the mechanisms by which zooplankton move between habitats. several factors are   bitats. several factors are involved in zooplankton dispersal, such us wind, rain, water flow a  ain, water flow and waterfowl. studying zooplankton dispersal, we may know the relative importa  tics. to evaluate the efficiency of the zooplankton dispersal, it is important to indicate that  e to evaluate that viability. moreover, zooplankton dispersal interacts with local adaptation e  evaluation of the dispersal capacity of zooplankton resting eggs by wind, rain, water flow, and  e the differences in life strategies of zooplankton species as a function of its dispersal abil  for the active communities. in summary, zooplankton resting eggs are an interesting tool to stu
13824	3	ns unanswered. has the restored pelagic zooplankton community any resemblance with the bio-dive  ty in the past. by analysing remains of zooplankton and zooplanktivores in sediment cores we th   we think it is possible to reconstruct zooplankton bio-diversity in the past to be able to jud
6867	2	ed with significant death in the marine benthos. after the anoxic event in the upper part of th  en-level in the seas. the return of the benthos-fauna occurred rather selective. in the sequenc
13928	3	rganism groups such as vascular plants, insects, birds and fungi.   roups such as vascular plants, insects, birds and fungi.    as vascular plants, insects, birds and fungi.
13531	3	rganism groups such as vascular plants, insects, birds and fungi.   roups such as vascular plants, insects, birds and fungi.    as vascular plants, insects, birds and fungi.
12350	1	ructures: 1.the likely reefs effects on fish, shellfish and other marine biota 2.the potential
12240	1	s project for sampling entomopathogenic fungi and oomycete pathogens.
10216	3	ystems. this highlights that grazing by zooplankton is disproportionally important and competit  zers is high. it is not surprising that phytoplankton have evolved mechanisms to protect themse  epods in relationship to the ability of phytoplankton to make dms. these data will enable a fir
10925	3	ystems. this highlights that grazing by zooplankton is disproportionally important and competit  zers is high. it is not surprising that phytoplankton have evolved mechanisms to protect themse  epods in relationship to the ability of phytoplankton to make dms. these data will enable a fir
13882	1	differences in feedbacks control which fish will mature or not.
10790	1	methane-oxidizing bacteria , although three other mbs have been partially
11250	1	ition-dependent plumage pigmentation in birds. mirnas will be identified that show substantial
11253	1	ition-dependent plumage pigmentation in birds. mirnas will be identified that show substantial
11482	1	ition-dependent plumage pigmentation in birds. mirnas will be identified that show substantial
11792	1	ition-dependent plumage pigmentation in birds. mirnas will be identified that show substantial
11276	1	e up of tiny microscopic plants, termed phytoplankton because they photosynthesise leaked out o
529	2	ides the basic food resources for these birds. thus the griffon vulture, species that has alway  ld have on the populations of scavenger birds. - an eco-ethological approach on the impact that
14485	2	tem resistance to biological invasions. ants has been chosen as the indicator taxonomic group,   f potential biological contamination by ants is actually unknown .
7116	1	most of the resources consumed by these birds. and the griffon vulture, species always present
219	1	fecundity, it is hard to understand why insects do not evolve towards larger body sizes. a pote
12564	1	tand the distribution of other keystone fish species. key customer purpose: investigate salmon
2462	2	n important problem both in relation to fish farming and to the conservation of wild salmonids.  n lice eggs in the sea come from farmed fish. the majority of salmon lice have therefore change
7623	2	ntribute. in this context, we know that earthworms contribute to many critical services for pla  the aim of this project is to show that earthworms can be used as control agent against foot ro
13585	3	ce populations of aquatic animals, e.g. fish, amphibians and crustaceans. i plan to study the t  fic aims: affecting particular types of fish and to which extent the fish community is influenc  r types of fish and to which extent the fish community is influencing which types of saprolegni
15428	2	logical alteration of schist induced by lichens. 5.- to evaluate and compare the success of dif   laser radiation, in the elimination of lichens colonizing schist, and their potential impacts
2466	2	tantly related organisms, which are the cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, spanning two kingdom  hesis of psts have been identified from cyanobacteria. this new information will be used as a b
12180	1	land fallow to encourage ground-nesting birds may leave the land susceptible to nitrate leachin
14622	3	be used as microbial indicators of this bacteria. an study of the prevalence of different strai  protozoa that can be parasitated by the bacteria, as hartanmella and acanthomoeba and bacteria   ia, as hartanmella and acanthomoeba and bacteria such as flavobacterium; b those micro organism
13787	3	eractions between commercial fisheries, fish stocks and natural predators, since seabirds often  base with the fisheries. changes in the fish stocks may have effects on all life stages of fish   may have effects on all life stages of fish predators. the response will partly be determined
11105	2	ies and conservation. in many migratory birds, parents migrate independently of their offspring  rmine the wintering habitat of breeding birds. understanding these settlement decisions will al
11434	2	ies and conservation. in many migratory birds, parents migrate independently of their offspring  rmine the wintering habitat of breeding birds. understanding these settlement decisions will al
14613	4	be compared with those from the primary parasitoids and the hosts. this way we pretend to evalu  s, in order to observe if the secondary parasitoids evolve together with the primary parasitoid  itoids evolve together with the primary parasitoids and/or the principal hosts. with all this,   pters, considering not only the primary parasitoids, but also the organisms that control these
15292	5	within their uropygial gland symbiotic bacteria which are responsible of the production of sev  which probably are due to the symbiotic bacteria, however the knowledge about this mutualistic   d be protecting eggs against pathogenic bacteria, given that females cover eggs in secretion so   by hoopoes from their interaction with bacteria living within their gland by checking the effe   for vertical transmission of symbiotic bacteria to developing embryos.
13949	1	ttom trawling is used to catch demersal fish species such as cod, a process that causes substan
14728	2	ariation in plants where animals act as pollinators and seed dispersers is markedly structured    markers and their dependence on animal pollinator and seed dispersers for successful recruitme
14226	1	ype and distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi as possible food sources is foreseen. working thr
10515	4	insects make up the vast majority of animal biodiversit  ced by being more likely to be eaten by birds. secondly, we urgently need to improve our unders  hange, and for this, we need studies of insects as well as vertebrates. four years ago we began  e very few studies of the lives of wild invertebrates so even major questions like this remain
9999	4	insects make up the vast majority of animal biodiversit  ced by being more likely to be eaten by birds. secondly, we urgently need to improve our unders  hange, and for this, we need studies of insects as well as vertebrates. four years ago we began  e very few studies of the lives of wild invertebrates so even major questions like this remain
13832	5	aim of the project is to elucidate how parasitoid females localize and identify bark beetle br  acked tree and land on this tree; 3 the parasitoid female should localize and identify the bark  noterpenes and aromatics, can guide the parasitoid females through phases 1 and 2. this project  ives information of which compounds the parasitoid females can identify, while the combined gas  the bark beetle brood that attracts the parasitoid females.
10283	1	re dominated by microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, which drive all global biogeochem
10307	3	uite a simple one, which charms the sea birds in distant seas, which makes tiny shrimps tumble   ys in which different species of marine bacteria can undertake these reactions. so, we now wish  keup of these intriguing, and important bacteria so that we can unravel just what lies behind t
10562	3	uite a simple one, which charms the sea birds in distant seas, which makes tiny shrimps tumble   ys in which different species of marine bacteria can undertake these reactions. so, we now wish  keup of these intriguing, and important bacteria so that we can unravel just what lies behind t
11323	3	uite a simple one, which charms the sea birds in distant seas, which makes tiny shrimps tumble   ys in which different species of marine bacteria can undertake these reactions. so, we now wish  keup of these intriguing, and important bacteria so that we can unravel just what lies behind t
441	2	ns were mostly controlled by changes in phytoplankton biomass and/or composition and this was o   and every two or three days during the phytoplankton blooms. the location of the mola station
10209	1	in this economically-important group of fish pathogens.
11089	1	. fishes in marine environments such as coral reefs also exhibit high diversity which is associ
10080	3	or females to reduce the risk of dying. bacteria, viruses and other natural enemies of animals   females at fighting disease. studies of insects are important. they can reveal a lot about the   her animals, including mammals, because insects share some of the devices used by mammals to co
10856	1	ch sperm fail. post-mating isolation in birds is likely to be important in speciation and this
11332	1	s in a wide range of marine animals and algae. there is widespread concern from scientists, pol
180	3	asonal and annual changes of plants and algae in the rivers at all. considering the importance   rtance of the vegetation for fishes and invertebrates as a habitat and shelter, it was presumed  understanding of the role of plants and algae in the rivers. the results of the project will be
7535	2	at pyoverdines, major siderophore these bacteria are remarkable taxonomic markers: all strains   p define the genetic diversity of these bacteria
13857	5	the influence of benthic life stages on phytoplankton dynamics. export of aquacultural products  r techniques to determine the source of phytoplankton blooms. in mesocosms, we will study the i   influence of resting stage addition to phytoplankton community development. molecular methods    microsatellite loci in a bloom forming phytoplankton species. we will obtain genetic fingerpri  ic coupling and the factors controlling phytoplankton blooms.
15071	1	the key innovations in the evolution of insects, which influenced decisively in the dramatic di
11212	1	groups of predatory plankton, including fish, decapods/mysids, jellyfish and cephalopods.
11483	1	lve over a matter of days. furthermore, bacteria can be stored in suspended animation in a free
10492	1	use an insect system, because although insects are extensively used as models in sexual select
14206	1	physiological ecology and demography in birds and mammals. twenty-eight females of five groups
15166	2	the fungi represent one of the poorest known kingdoms. so f   reconstructed the evolutionary tree of fungi structure.
14174	1	egies of meadows recolonization by soil invertebrates and the spatial structure of soil communi
13867	2	e soil that provides a signature for am fungi, its measurement can provide an indication of the  indication of the overall biomass of am fungi. furthermore, by tracking c to this compound by s
14490	1	phytes . the fate of seeds collected by ants and the probability of germination and seedling su
14909	1	is a reproductive biology study of two earthworms species, group in which sexual hermaphroditi
12405	1	e effects of such underwater noise upon fish, gathered in natural or semi-natural conditions, i
10556	12	known how this variation is maintained. invertebrates, and many vertebrates, primarily use chem  addition to alarm and trail pheromones. ants are among the most dominant animals in the world a  aining tens to millions of individuals. ants comprise five of the world s top seventeen most co   world s top seventeen most costly pest insects. despite their importance as both beneficial an  yer that coats the outer surface of all insects. very recently this has been confirmed by demon  carbons found on the surface of formica ants are indeed used in nest mate recognition. we will   several of its close relatives. formica ants are a keystone ant genus, comprising over 160 spec  ding the well-known mound-building wood ants and thus are one of the best studied groups of ins  s are one of the best studied groups of insects. therefore, there is already a vast wealth of c  ince of recognition systems not only in ants but in many species of insects since the chemicals  not only in ants but in many species of insects since the chemicals we are investigating are sy  stigating are synthesised by almost all invertebrates.
11286	12	known how this variation is maintained. invertebrates, and many vertebrates, primarily use chem  addition to alarm and trail pheromones. ants are among the most dominant animals in the world a  aining tens to millions of individuals. ants comprise five of the world s top seventeen most co   world s top seventeen most costly pest insects. despite their importance as both beneficial an  yer that coats the outer surface of all insects. very recently this has been confirmed by demon  carbons found on the surface of formica ants are indeed used in nest mate recognition. we will   several of its close relatives. formica ants are a keystone ant genus, comprising over 160 spec  ding the well-known mound-building wood ants and thus are one of the best studied groups of ins  s are one of the best studied groups of insects. therefore, there is already a vast wealth of c  ince of recognition systems not only in ants but in many species of insects since the chemicals  not only in ants but in many species of insects since the chemicals we are investigating are sy  stigating are synthesised by almost all invertebrates.
13536	1	n act as dispersal corridors for flying insects as butterflies and bumblebees and thus have an
2113	1	nvironments at the alaska department of fish and game, fairbanks, where i plan to stay for a 10
11510	3	t i can compare the interaction between bacteria and phage in nature with results from controll  ment influences the coevolution between bacteria and phage and how infection by phage influence  nfluences the amount of damage that the bacteria cause to their plant host. this work will be c
2507	2	oral dynamics of growth and survival of fish larvae through their first months. this insight wi  tion effects of oil-caused mortality of fish larvae.
11626	2	ceans, particularly among shallow-water invertebrates, is often extremely high. understanding h  speciation in marine broadcast spawning invertebrates 2 geography of speciation - does the rate
15159	1	opportune. the case studies are marine fish with contrasting speciation model and timing: merl
2465	3	more than 100.000 fungal species exist, fungi are largely missing in the speciation debate. spe   and plants and little is known whether fungi conform to general models of speciation. four dif  be an important speciation mechanism in fungi. the importance of hybridization and reinforcemen
10808	2	es; for example the decline in farmland birds or the increasing rarity of many plants and insec  he increasing rarity of many plants and insects. however, each species does not exist in isolat
14771	1	parasitic species infecting the running birds, or ratites, has been brought to light only in th
12567	3	olicy customers on the implications for fish stocks and fish welfare. the principal concern is   on the implications for fish stocks and fish welfare. the principal concern is the unregulated   ices and the conservation of freshwater fish populations, including rare and endangered species
7317	7	pollinators form a key component of european biodiversi   declines in both wild and domesticated pollinators, and parallel declines in plants relying up  sk, develop a red list of some european pollinator groups, in particular bees and lay the groun  ropean pollinator groups, in particular bees and lay the groundwork for future pollinator monit   bees and lay the groundwork for future pollinator monitoring programmes. we will also assess t  gical and economic impacts of declining pollinator services and floral resources, including eff  and potential mitigation of declines in pollinator services at local, national, continental and
13352	7	pollinators form a key component of european biodiversi   declines in both wild and domesticated pollinators, and parallel declines in plants relying up  sk, develop a red list of some european pollinator groups, in particular bees and lay the groun  ropean pollinator groups, in particular bees and lay the groundwork for future pollinator monit   bees and lay the groundwork for future pollinator monitoring programmes. we will also assess t  gical and economic impacts of declining pollinator services and floral resources, including eff  and potential mitigation of declines in pollinator services at local, national, continental and
14750	3	cleptoparasites and parasitoids constitute the most important natural enemi  le activity; the female response to the parasitoid presence in the nesting area; the influence   uctive behaviour on the activity of the parasitoid; the influence of aggregation on the parasit
10803	3	cyanobacteria procedure would be carried out using actu  pose a hazard from the production toxic cyanobacteria and model the influence of climate change   of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria production in lakes. a critical question
11241	3	cyanobacteria procedure would be carried out using actu  pose a hazard from the production toxic cyanobacteria and model the influence of climate change   of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria production in lakes. a critical question
11768	3	cyanobacteria procedure would be carried out using actu  pose a hazard from the production toxic cyanobacteria and model the influence of climate change   of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria production in lakes. a critical question
11851	3	cyanobacteria procedure would be carried out using actu  pose a hazard from the production toxic cyanobacteria and model the influence of climate change   of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria production in lakes. a critical question
11783	3	cyanobacteria procedure would be carried out using actu  pose a hazard from the production toxic cyanobacteria and model the influence of climate change   of climate change on potentially toxic cyanobacteria production in lakes. a critical question
15253	2	this species is probably the freshwater fish most widespread worldwide, studies along the river  ment of river flows in a region rich in fish endemics.
13846	1	artificial rearing of fish destined for deliberate release into the natural e
14207	1	d aquatic environments. studies linking macrophytes community composition and bacterial communi
10799	2	we rely on the services that bacteria provide to digest our food, to breakdown pollu  inning to understand how communities of bacteria operate. there is good reason why this is the
14915	1	to interact with native supergeneralist pollinators than with others that visit with only a few
14610	10	d web methodology to the study of plant-pollinator interactions. these studies have revealed a   reme specialists than expected if plant-pollinator relationships were randomly structured. thes  is to describe the structure of a plant-pollinator web and study some of its properties. we wil  ructure of the web. in surveys of plant-pollinator interactions, rare species appear necessaril  ng pollen grains from the bodies of the pollinators, which will allow us to cover a longer segm  pared to direct of observation of plant-pollinator contacts. we will also incorporate measures   fectiveness as a crude estimate of each pollinators contribution to the fitness of the plant sp  certain ecological factors to the plant-pollinator structure observed. first, we will analyze s  ith the principle of the most effective pollinator, plants with complex floral morphologies exh  a smaller proportion from non-effective pollinators.
15124	7	f in the selective pressures exerted by pollinators. however, contrary to the theoretical expec  ract with random subsets of the overall pollinator pool. we think that the generalization degre  ctors would attract different subset of pollinators, and plants showing different values of tho  traits would share similar subgroups of pollinators. these inter-individual differences could p   of interaction among the plant and its pollinators, a phenomenon that we call structured gener   in subgroups of plants sharing similar pollinators . the main aim of this project is to explor  project is to explore the occurrence of pollinator-mediated structured generalization, the fact
7628	1	es heavily involved in the evolution of bacteria, allowing them to meet many stresses, includin
7505	1	seabream is an iconic fish from the languedoc -roussillon region with an unde
15336	1	know the degree of isolation among the fish populations inhabiting deep sea ecosystems and the
15034	7	some disinfecting process. however, the bacteria overcomes this barrier and is able to multiply   the main one is the own biology of the bacteria. legionella resists more extremely physic-chem  ver, this resistance increases when the bacteria is found as an endosymbiont of protozoa, which  , although ecological studies show that bacteria is normally found in biofilms. legionella is u  moeba or naegleria, inside of which the bacteria can multiply. so, to control colonitation and    methods on legionella, either when the bacteria is a free-living cells or associated to other   . the susceptibility of the free-living bacteria, protozoa endosymbionts and asociated to a bio
14884	2	ot abundant, but several populations of birds maintain a high abundance and diversity of infect  on by different blood parasite lines in birds in relation with transmission of these parasites
7521	1	dization introgressive were observed in birds, particularly following the introduction in the m
6932	1	urtles, lizards, crocodiles, dinosaurs, birds and pterosaurs. the goal of this project is to co
14584	1	consisting of slowly growing calcareous algae and, for this reason, it is very sensitive to the
14144	1	study on fish assemblages and the fishing efficiency of gear in
14998	1	the typical reproductive mode in these insects. the environmental factor determining it is the
197	3	the distribution of phytoplankton in water bodies where densities of organi  minated by potentially toxic species of phytoplankton. the main goal of the project is to estim  roject is to estimate the extent of the phytoplankton/chlorophyll a subsurface maxima layers in
7431	3	marine environment"for his expertise on algae and ifremer, particularly under the interreg prog  he project focuses on systems ' benthic macrofauna, ' kelp forest ' planktonic and nektonic upo  st ' planktonic and nektonic upon which birds and marine mammals. more specifically, it focuses
2460	1	sandeels are small eel-like fish that is laterally compressed and without swimbladd
11412	7	irds of our major food plants depend on pollinators, and honey and beeswax produced by wild and  swax produced by wild and managed honey bees and stingless bees is an important source of food   ld and managed honey bees and stingless bees is an important source of food and income worldwid  ly causing declines in wild and managed bees around the world, suggesting that the pollination   llination and food services provided by pollinators might be under threat. indeed recent eviden   suggests that the expansion in area of pollinator-dependent crops is outstripping the availabi  ops is outstripping the availability of pollinators. while in developed areas, we can diversify
11495	7	irds of our major food plants depend on pollinators, and honey and beeswax produced by wild and  swax produced by wild and managed honey bees and stingless bees is an important source of food   ld and managed honey bees and stingless bees is an important source of food and income worldwid  ly causing declines in wild and managed bees around the world, suggesting that the pollination   llination and food services provided by pollinators might be under threat. indeed recent eviden   suggests that the expansion in area of pollinator-dependent crops is outstripping the availabi  ops is outstripping the availability of pollinators. while in developed areas, we can diversify
13813	2	focal organisms are epiphytic pendulous lichens to changes in microclimate. the economy of part   effects of partial cutting by sampling lichens in old experimental plots in vilhelmina model f
12159	1	nd to quantify the impact of grazing on invertebrates, and on the growth of cattle.
11688	1	ove forests provide them with firewood, fish, medicines and protection from floods and coastal
11617	1	icrobial consortia via emerging aquatic insects. resolving and elucidating connectivity among f
11862	2	ed for interdisciplinary collaboration. insects have a huge impact on our health and economy. n   scientific tools to exploit beneficial insects and control pests. the conference is themed to
14911	2	ed in the future with other families of apoidea. the results will imply a significant advance i  s for the conservation of this group of insects, very well represented in the iberian peninsula
14765	1	dex for iberian saline streams based on macroinvertebrates. the results on taxonomic and geneti
14769	2	n a series of chosen iberian species of formicidae on the basis of three criteria: a species si  the genetic mobile elements presents in formicidae.
15036	2	es belonging to the genus trichuris are nematodes parasitizing the caecum of different hosts. t  obvious tool for molecular diagnosis of nematodes. the goals we intend to cover in this project
6884	1	ickly in this group of the neuropterous insects. the number of the undescribed species is high;
11623	2	nd preserve this taxonomic expertise on zooplankton and to bring together the experts to enable  ing two nerc marine productivity summer zooplankton courses and analysis work experience effort
6783	1	ant but unknown species of the tropical insects has been collected yet. this statement is valid
6848	1	pposedly extant species of the tropical insects has been collected yet. also the dipterous faun
2165	6	dification of rivers and lakes, such as phytoplankton blooms, benthic algae, littoral invertebr  , such as phytoplankton blooms, benthic algae, littoral invertebrates and fish. the project wil  lankton blooms, benthic algae, littoral invertebrates and fish. the project will also include i  nthic algae, littoral invertebrates and fish. the project will also include indicators for hydr  ors for hydromorphological pressures on macrophytes, benthic fauna and fish. existing and new m  sures on macrophytes, benthic fauna and fish. existing and new monitoring data will be compiled
10220	2	imate affects the pattern of disease in insects from temperate regions. it should predict how c  space, and also how disease patterns of insects may change in the uk following climate change.
11430	2	imate affects the pattern of disease in insects from temperate regions. it should predict how c  space, and also how disease patterns of insects may change in the uk following climate change.
9902	2	imate affects the pattern of disease in insects from temperate regions. it should predict how c  space, and also how disease patterns of insects may change when climate alters.
10806	1	papers relating to the consequences for birds of conservation interventions. syntheses of the c
11350	2	patio-temporal dynamics of saprotrophic fungi as they colonise populations of dispersed particu  ted using published data for a range of fungi and experimental microcosms for saprotrophic spre
10617	1	tested. replicate radiations of cichlid fish that evolved in several african lakes provide a un
10585	3	and the evolution of social living. in fish, individuals that choose familiar schoolmates accr   conferring these benefits on declining fish stocks has important economic and conservation imp  s affecting perception and cognition in fish. a strength of this work will be the use of a larg
14847	3	concerning the search for new farmable fish species, sturgeon deserves special attention. it i  in spain with strong commitment to this fish, working with the autochthonous species a. naccari  utochthonous species a. naccarii is the fish farm sierra nevada, s.lof riofrio studies on respo
14464	4	inspection agency, local fishermen and fish markets. measurement of the physical and chemical   onitoring of the effect of the invasive fish species, direct application in the long-term natio  assisting the stable development of the fish populations; establishment of criteria for ecologi  e water basins, based on the indexes of fish populations condition according to the european wa
9821	2	aim, which is to use pollen, spores and algae preserved in the sediments to uncover about the p   the fossil plant spores and pollen and algae which tell us about the environments surrounding
11397	2	epends on the microhabitat in which the fish is living, so providing an explanation for the per  tion and population structure, but also fish welfare and the design of husbandry regimes.
10636	2	a number of species of marine phytoplankton produce natural biotoxins. filter feeding  . filter feeding shellfish ingest these phytoplankton without any apparent negative effects. ho
10793	5	long distance migration in birds is one of the world s most astonishing wildlife s  behaviour influences the populations of birds that undertake these spectacular movements. for e  lar movements. for example why can some birds migrate earlier than others, why do different pop   breed in different places, why do some birds manage to rear young while others do not these ar  espect to the conservation of migratory birds, but they remain unanswered because of two proble
12448	2	customer purpose: to provide details of phytoplankton variation over an extended time frame in   tween cpr data and long-term changes in fish stocks and catch in order to develop new approache
10467	2	logical diversity and standing stock of benthos in arctic and antarctic regions. seabed photogr  the diversity and standing stock of the benthos in polar regions
14135	4	that are environmental or pathogenic to fish. members of this group are abundant in both marine  ium dna as well as sequencing of target bacteria in baltic sea. experimental approach will reve  hological flexibility of flavobacterium bacteria in different nutrient and labile carbon gradie  arbon gradients and grazing pressure by zooplankton.
11481	5	eraction however, is not a disease. the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi , and this symbiosis is fo  n-random association between plants and fungi is due to factors independent of the host/fungus   of identifying individual roots and the fungi colonising them is to use dna testing to generate   plant and a fingerprint profile of the fungi that are colonising it. we will use this techniqu  transition so that a map of the plants, fungi and soil properties can be constructed. the testi
2034	1	biological analysis of the dynamics of fish stocks. this narrow focus has led to management st
14465	1	seagrasses and macroalgae are biological quality elements of the water
15324	3	ated cases of small-scale radiations in fish, focusing on understanding the ecological and geog  since this group of tropical freshwater fish seems to be prone to speciate. i will specifically  etic species pairs, a frequent split in fish evolution, and follow the mode of natural selectio
2024	4	as individuals, bacteria are greatly underappreciated. by tradition, th  explanation, such as the aggregation of bacteria on the leaf surface and the leaf-to-leaf varia  ols for the interrogation of individual bacteria as they colonize the leaf surface. in a parall  this work will expose key properties of bacteria and leaf surfaces that underlie the observed p
11865	4	and it is often assumed that pathogenic bacteria die or become senescent outside mammalian or v  ated to multicellular organisms than to bacteria. they play a key role in microbial food webs,   role in microbial food webs, grazing on bacteria and recycling nutrients. protozoa also interac   nutrients. protozoa also interact with bacteria and viruses in more complex ways. species of t
11683	11	the phytoplankton are a diverse group of single celled orga  ht energy to chemical energy in oceans. phytoplankton thus form the basis of the marine food ch  ortant that we understand what controls phytoplankton photosynthesis and ultimately how suscept  p in understanding the global impact of phytoplankton is an accurate measure of the amount of c  e of the amount of carbon they take up. phytoplankton carbon fixation can be reasonably well ap  tes. however, a simplistic treatment of phytoplankton carbon fixation simply as pigment multipl   light ignores important variability in phytoplankton physiology. indeed, the efficiency with w  logy. indeed, the efficiency with which phytoplankton convert the light they absorb into carbon  ic aspect of unexplained variability in phytoplankton photosynthesis in a range of environments  ous measurements of the overall rate of phytoplankton light absorption and the rate of carbon f  curacy of our current best estimates of phytoplankton carbon fixation.
15141	2	wever, have long overlooked mygalomorph spiders due to their secretive habits and challenging t  ng taxonomy. the promising use of these spiders as bioindicators is therefore not fully develop
13595	3	te change and variability affect marine fish population dynamics. we will study the effect of a   mortality and environmental factors on fish demography and population dynamics. the relative e  d vendace in the baltic sea and several fish species in skagerrak and kattegat. by making use o
14161	1	o nutrients are measured regularly. the soil microorganisms and microbiological activity is mea
6951	1	eneration, forest herbs, bryophytes and birds have been carried out. in the framework of this p
12702	1	rt internationally important numbers of birds as climate changes.
2082	1	hastic population ecology and data from birds, mammals and marine fishes the project will study
13820	5	parasitism, improve the fitness of the parasitoids own natural enemies, then this would impact  loral subsidies on the fitness of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids and on insect communit  re not available. in field experiments, insects will be marked with rubidium when feeding from   ricultural fields. we will then capture parasitoids and hyperparasitoids within and at differen  asitism rate of both aphids and primary parasitoids varies with distance from the nectar source
10346	1	ng these to samples collected from wild birds in combination with field experiments we will: es
14837	3	ure and very limited food resources. in insects typical morphological changes are the reduction  ting the development. in holometabolous insects the hormones regulating the embryonic, larval a  mones has been done for a wide range of insects, including beetles, such profiles of hormone le
10530	1	oceans or living on the seafloor - the fish, shellfish, sea urchins, starfish, corals and plan
10121	1	stort host sex ratios are widespread in invertebrates. the effect of sex ratio distorters can h
11048	1	stort host sex ratios are widespread in invertebrates. the effect of sex ratio distorters can h
11567	1	stort host sex ratios are widespread in invertebrates. the effect of sex ratio distorters can h
14554	1	be the first case in which the role of parasitoids in favouring the evolution of parental care
10853	1	r rate will be applicable to studies of birds of prey elsewhere in the world. the research will
11580	3	also link the 13c-labelled ch4 to other soil microorganisms that utilise the carbon from methan   covers the site. it is well known that bacteria in the landfill cover soils oxidise a large pr  following consumption by methanotrophic bacteria in the soil. the final type of soils that will
11343	3	the enigmatic and gigantic pachycormid fish leedsichthys problematicus prove to be the anterio  prove to be the anterior portion of the fish and include elements of the shoulder girdle, pecto  n of this gigantic middle jurassic bony fish.
10672	2	firstly study a long-term change in the zooplankton of the north sea and secondly to assess the  study of temporal and spatial change in fish populations. the results will be relevant to marin
10926	1	phytoplankton form the base of the food web in marine e
10698	5	oscopic plants in the oceans, including phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, play an important r  rm storage reservoir. the growth of the phytoplankton and bacterioplankton is very slow, especi  utrients is essential for the growth of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton as they receive only  n nutrient supply by dust and growth by phytoplankton and bacterioplankton. the study will ther  ust on the growth of oceanic plants and bacteria, and how the sporadic nature of the dust input
11316	1	es can be used to improve the health of coral reefs.
12568	2	wn to adversely affect other diadromous fish species at sensitive stages in their lives. ices h  own to adversly affect other diadromous fish species on the prioritisation of future management
11195	1	its parasites, one a virus, the other a parasitoid wasp. the environment can be varied by chang
11822	2	e monitored to detect a response of the phytoplankton to added iron, and to identify which if a  he addition. the different responses of phytoplankton communities at the surface and dcm will d
11553	2	antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria, carried on highly mobile dna elements which c  stance gene-transfer from environmental bacteria to clinically important strains is proving to
175	3	species groups are explored: saproxylic fungi and beetles, lichens, bryophytes, vascular plants  explored: saproxylic fungi and beetles, lichens, bryophytes, vascular plants and birds. the mai  ichens, bryophytes, vascular plants and birds. the main results will be published in internatio
12686	1	keets on populations of native woodland birds in the uk, either through direct interaction or t
11077	2	will combine molecular analyses of the fungi to determine how the populations change with time  r organisms can be translated into soil fungi, and will increase our understanding of the funct
13975	3	this project is to assess the impact of fish introduction on diversity and process rates in aqu   i will also test non-lethal effects of fish on decomposition processes. i will determine how m  se our knowledge of the consequences of fish stocking and also species invasions on diversity a
1954	1	n patches that offer a larger reward to pollinators. on the total population level, plants with
15516	2	phedra fragilis are pollinated by wind, insects and lizards, and dispersed by birds and lizards  , insects and lizards, and dispersed by birds and lizards, with the contribution of these polli
10772	1	temporal gene flow in taxa ranging from zooplankton and plants to microbes, and a mechanistic b
10997	1	temporal gene flow in taxa ranging from zooplankton and plants to microbes, and a mechanistic b
9969	1	temporal gene flow in taxa ranging from zooplankton and plants to microbes, and a mechanistic b
6997	1	up to now, the knowledge of lichens of the tibetan region has been rather poor. man
11289	1	ution of many behaviours and traits. in birds, for example, sexual conflict, parent-offspring c
10888	6	g wood for fuel and timber, habitat for fish, birds and invertebrates and physical protection a   for fuel and timber, habitat for fish, birds and invertebrates and physical protection against  and timber, habitat for fish, birds and invertebrates and physical protection against shore ero  ve ecosystem such as the communities of fish and crabs that live there. 2 to determine the sour  s fringed by a coral reef, and contains seagrass beds and mangrove forests. gazi village next t   the effects of the cutting on crab and fish communities, and on the ability of the mangrove fo
6999	4	lack of investigations concerning virus-bacteria interactions in those sediments. this leads to  centrate on i predation of prototzoa on bacteria and protozoan driven remineralization, or else  role of virus induced lysis of sediment bacteria and is the viral impact a controlling force fo  ts do not remove significant amounts of bacteria, and iv what is the role of benthic meiofauna
10830	1	ectomycorrhizal fungi ensheath the roots of our major tree species and
11515	1	breakdown of arsenic-rich fe-respiring bacteria without the need to culture them. finally, so
9862	1	breakdown of arsenic-rich fe-respiring bacteria without the need to culture them. finally, so
2475	4	e life history strategies of individual fish determine their growth potential and reproductive   non of skipped spawning, whereby mature fish skip one or more of their spawning opportunities,    dynamics and productivity of exploited fish stocks as caused by changes in age-at-maturity. qu  y models indicate that highly exploited fish stocks have undergone evolutionary change due to t
13863	2	ly impacts the overall ability of these insects to detect both humans and animals. as such, an    olfactory signal transduction in these insects will provide additional and crucial insight int
14522	4	lations between plants and phitophagous insects allow us to realize an approach of different pa  between plants, phitophagous and theirs parasitoids.the project deals with the study of the rel  mining flies, their first and secondary parasitoids, even a taxonomic point of view than biolog  to reproductive organ, makes agromyzide-parasitoid complex a good pattern for the study of coev
10069	1	m the other dimensions, typically using birds as model organisms. here we propose a unique proj
10350	1	m the other dimensions, typically using birds as model organisms. here we propose a unique proj
13782	4	er, the physiological role of leptin in fish is virtually unknown, as the existence/structure o   unknown, as the existence/structure of fish leptin has until recently been unknown. we have ra  esearch tools; including the first ever fish leptin ria. this allows for a three-way research a  e physiological functions for leptin in fish are discovered, this is of fundamental importance
2151	5	d barents seas, focusing on the role of zooplankton. zooplankton, constituting the food for e.g  s, focusing on the role of zooplankton. zooplankton, constituting the food for e.g. herring, ca  the project is to investigate if or how zooplankton may modulate the effect of an oil spill on    modulate the effect of an oil spill on fish stocks. the core element of the project is to exte  le the leo project primarily focuses on fish, oil and climate, this new project extends the wor
13463	3	reatment effects on communities of soil fungi, using high throughput sequencing of marker gene   zal decline in turn affects free-living fungi. furthermore, we will test if em diversity may be  g and diversity impact. by analysing em fungi on seedlings planted in the experimental plots, w
15236	1	sms will be approached. microorganisms, bacteria and archaea, will be identified and their phys
10484	2	nic carbonate production by marine bony fish. these all ingest seawater and are now known to al  n combined with new estimates of global fish biomass, it is clear that it makes a major contrib
14170	9	ototrophy and heterotrophy enables some phytoplankton species to use organic nutrient pools, au  nd that they are important consumers of bacteria and small phytoplankton in the marine plankton  portant consumers of bacteria and small phytoplankton in the marine plankton. the grazing by pr  rowth of their prey, both heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic cells . the main goals are to   n goals are to study the variability of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton community structure   mmunity structure and trophic status of phytoplankton in space and time, and to demonstrate in   composition and nutritional strategy of phytoplankton can be connected with the available inorg  uence of changes in nutritional mode of phytoplankton to the abundance of bacteria, picoplankto  de of phytoplankton to the abundance of bacteria, picoplankton and nanoflagellates. we hypothes
11879	1	llows and a £1.3 million grant on urban pollinators led by memmott. at the somerset wildlife tr
11472	3	genic sulphur may be cycled between the algae and bacteria and quantitatively affect the growth  hur may be cycled between the algae and bacteria and quantitatively affect the growth rate of d  ffect the growth rate of dmsp-producing phytoplankton.
14933	3	nd in the taxonomic difficulty of these insects.this project pretend to evaluate the real capac   to evaluate the real capacity of these invertebrates to respond to the changes that take place  omposition and morphology of cuticle of insects that, in advantage to other employed techniques
10143	1	ant animal species such as plant eating insects and many disease-causing parasites are so speci
10410	1	ant animal species such as plant eating insects and many disease-causing parasites are so speci
11196	1	olution spatial survey of bacterial and phytoplankton groups. these will be quantified by shipb
10353	1	periment will use related and unrelated fish to examine the influence of genetic relatedness an
14112	14	in wild animals and on the influence of bacteria on their hosts has long been hindered because   e investigation of interactions between bacteria and their hosts would enable us to better unde  vailable evidence suggests that plumage bacteria may play an important role in shaping the life  e in shaping the life histories of wild birds. several bacteria are capable of degrading feathe  e life histories of wild birds. several bacteria are capable of degrading feather keratine and   atine and causing damage to plumage, so birds have to put considerable effort into self-preenin  eening. on the other hand, many feather bacteria are known to produce antimicrobial substances   ng eggs from infections with pathogenic bacteria. however, knowledge about the factors determin  ing the load and species composition of bacteria on bird plumage, and about the fitness consequ  out the fitness consequences of feather bacteria on their hosts, is still extremely scarce. in   mblages inhabiting the plumage of adult birds, and relationships with adult condition, provisio  e possible causal relationships between bacteria and variations in the reproductive parameters   tions in the reproductive parameters of birds. the latest molecular and microbiological techniq  be used to identify and count different bacteria species in samples.
14217	5	plant-pollinator interactions are crucial in the functioning    by altering plant traits important for pollinators, and consequently, how these effects are tr  lative effects of floral herbivores and pollinators on individual plant fitness and quantify th  ctive pressure by floral herbivores and pollinators on flower traits. based on simultaneous ana  servation strategies for rare plant and pollinator species.
14616	3	presence of mapk cascades in intertidal macroalgae, and its role on the regulation of environme  ss response. the election of intertidal macroalgae to develop this project is not banal, becaus   stress must be well developed in these algae. we support our hypothesis in our previous result
10480	1	he homestream, including those of other fish in the population, particularly during the period
13923	1	ls and costly irrigation. isolating the bacteria from the rhizosphere of wild barley, grown und
11023	13	me to tiny single celled plants, called phytoplankton, which form the base of the marine food c  n. despite their tiny size, the ocean s phytoplankton perform as much photosynthesis in a year   e are thousands of different species of phytoplankton and each have unique characteristics, or   s important to understand why different phytoplankton species flourish in some parts of the oce  e particularly important for sustaining fish stocks, and some are toxic to marine mammals and e  ed understanding of the distribution of phytoplankton species in the ocean will therefore enabl  hange in the future, and ultimately how phytoplankton may impact climate change. unlike land pl  act climate change. unlike land plants, phytoplankton are obviously never short of water, but t  lable light vary throughout the oceans, phytoplankton species may be particularly well-suited t  . pigments also need to be built by the phytoplankton as they grow and each type of pigment req   of pigments contained within different phytoplankton species not only influence the amount of   w the pigment combinations of different phytoplankton species affect where they grow in the oce  nderstanding of the factors influencing phytoplankton distributions, the models will enable us
9801	4	ooperate with the prolific community of bacteria and fungi that live in, on and around their ro   the prolific community of bacteria and fungi that live in, on and around their roots. these or  ource for soil microbes. in return, the bacteria and fungi play a crucial role in providing the  l microbes. in return, the bacteria and fungi play a crucial role in providing the plants with
14877	2	this project is to study the effect of pollinator shifts on morphological variations of flower  d with an increase of the efficiency of pollinators in pollen transfer between stylar morphs.
14878	3	this project is to study the effect of pollinator shifts on morphological variations of flower  f the effect of differently specialized insects acting in different species, or even due to the  ies, or even due to the virtual lack of pollinators.
11238	1	the royal society for the protection of birds, the botanical society of the british isles, butt
14772	2	the structure of amphibians, micro- and macroinvertebrates and macrophytes in temporary ponds,   ians, micro- and macroinvertebrates and macrophytes in temporary ponds, in relation to the temp
11033	2	marine cyanobacteria . this will allow us to see if phages in   ich benefit the symbiotic nature of the cyanobacteria. as the cyanobacterium is also thought to
11028	7	develops. of great interest is the role bacteria play in the life cycle of ulva. we have shown   ffusible signal molecules. in addition, bacteria are known to be important for the growth and m  al development of ulva. plantlets where bacteria have been removed do not exhibit normal morpho   is to examine the relationship between bacteria and ulva, focusing on the hypothesis that the   he hypothesis that the signal-producing bacteria that are targeted during zoospore settlement a  h into a mature plant. we will identify bacteria and bacterially-derived cues used by ulva for   n growth and development. the effect of bacteria and their signal molecules on sporulation will
407	2	chyspira spp. cause enteric diseases in birds. dogs can harbour several different variants of b  ng other species, wild and domesticated birds to try to understand their significance for patho
10631	3	diverse group of organisms forming the phytoplankton represents just 2% of global photosynthet  f of annual global carbon fixation. the phytoplankton can be divided into different functional   ze categories have been adopted for the phytoplankton: picoplankton maintained by cefas.
10538	3	recent years, mostly for the remarkable birds and dinosaurs with feathers. the biota occurs in   ediments, and organisms include plants, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and   tebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. the nature and causes of the excepti
14142	1	gations of the state of main commercial fish spawning grounds and elaboration of proposals for
15491	1	thern spain, and use montane and alpine birds as study models. this project, by linking spatial
10606	2	dification and resource productivity on pollinator-parasite community structure will be studied  ood webs of flowering plants, bumblebee pollinators and their parasites will be constructed for
12529	1	bees make an essential contribution to agriculture and
10874	1	hem exotic parasites. as the introduced bees frequently interact with native bumblebee populati
2531	5	ptions, and predicted egg-production of zooplankton. this culminates in a spatio-temporal map o  ement is the development of trait-based phytoplankton model of the spring bloom. the approach t  archicus, the main food item for larval fish, developed by geir huse and colleagues at imr. the  f suitable food availability for larval fish along the coast. we then bring these pieces togeth  ting models of energy usage in parental fish, yielding an optimal state-dependent migration inv
2170	6	fungi that live hidden inside plant tissues without cau  and appear to be ubiquitous. endophytic fungi are sources of biologically active secondary meta  remarkably high diversity of endophytic fungi in boreal forest bryophytes. nothing of this imme  secondary metabolites by the endophytic fungi protect the bryophytes from being consumed by her  dary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi are proven to be commercially important in pharma  hich are not produced by plants, but by fungi.
13888	2	ed by benthic subsidies in which mobile fish may play a key role. the aim with this proposal is  this proposal is to examine the role of fish for coupling food web dynamics across habitats by
10786	3	; indeed for the first 2 billion years, bacteria were the only living things on the planet. the  low other life forms to develop. today, bacteria continue to be very important for the health o  aps surprising how little we know about bacteria and archaea so that they can be manipulated. w
11848	3	; indeed for the first 2 billion years, bacteria were the only living things on the planet. the  low other life forms to develop. today, bacteria continue to be very important for the health o  aps surprising how little we know about bacteria and archaea so that they can be manipulated. w
2157	3	blooms of toxic cyanobacteria are a main consequence of freshwater eutr   efforts, the bloom forming capacity of cyanobacteria, their high competitive strength, and the  l require effective management of toxic cyanobacteria. the present project embarks on a new str
13977	8	ectomycorrhizal fungi are essential for the uptake of nutrients by bore  f nutrients by boreal forest trees. the fungi also form a major component of the biodiversity w   1100 species recorded from sweden. the fungi are very sensitive to changes in the soil environ  ining a deeper understanding of why the fungi react so strongly to n fertilisation and the over  sity and functioning of ectomycorrhizal fungi with a view to minimising negative impacts. the p  within the trees. the potential for the fungi to acidify the soil during nitrate uptake was rec  on upon the population structure of ecm fungi have been overlooked and this will be examined by   in negatively- and positively-affected fungi. the final part of the project will synthesise cu
2509	3	toxic algae; taxonomy, quantification and early warning. toxa  map the spatial distribution of harmful algae in norwegian waters, including the norwegian and   ters and science. monitoring of harmful algae in coastal waters is important in assessing the p
15307	3	that is closely connected to toxicity. cyanobacteria, ubiquitous primary producers, are emergi  espond to a great number of pollutants. cyanobacteria, as primary producers with a key role in   strains of self-luminescent recombinant cyanobacteria derived from the filamentous, nitrogen- f
11437	5	ility for herbivores and the latter for parasitoids may be influenced by the availability of tr  t three trophic levels for several host parasitoid systems. i will test the hypothesis that zn    to be most limiting for both hosts and parasitoids because they are required above physiologic  nges and host utilisation strategies of parasitoids. comparison of parasitised and non-parasiti  r host metal budgets are manipulated by parasitoids.
2482	1	iomass functional groups; typically two phytoplankton , or alternatively, structured models of
15226	1	etween mhc composition and diversity of birds and their survival. the global objective of this
13872	2	migratory birds wintering in tropical africa are each year bringi  ng in the blood of the tropical migrant birds and abundance of presumably suitable vectors. the
12450	2	the abundance and distribution of young fish, shellfish and epibenthos in inshore habitats, col  as since the 1970s as part of the young fish survey. key customer purpose assess how the status
7266	3	mutual interactions between plants and ants. taking into account a third partner, a fungus tha   account a third partner, a fungus that ants handle to construct a trap, we want to verify the   existence of a specific fongiculture by ants and quantify trophic roles that this fungus could
11548	1	ent advances in oxygen stable isotopes, phytoplankton photo-physiology and analytical chemistry
11757	3	ill be determined for components of the zooplankton food chain collected during phase 2 marine   ination of nair signatures in preserved zooplankton enabling a future interpretation of cpr rec  eses concerning the trophic activity of zooplankton and the only method covering meaningful per
11288	5	onditions of low oxygen concentrations, bacteria can use sulphur to fix carbon for energy. this  is is known as chemosynthesis and these bacteria also provide a potential food source for the s   source for the sediment community. the bacteria can be free living, or can form mats on the se  rations is likely to be critical to the benthos and any perturbation may lead to a shift in com  ime, but where there was falls of jelly fish were absent.
14517	6	d a clear trophic limitation of benthic macroinvertebrates, particularly over periods of lower   gest that the autotrofic energy flow to macroinvertebrates might be limited by several constrai  ion of deciduous leaf litter on benthic macroinvertebrates, comparing forested headwater stream  ive limitation of leaf litter inputs to macroinvertebrates, comparing the two types of streams;  ualitative limitation of the biofilm to macroinvertebrates in the semi-arid headwater streams.   limitation imposed by base resources to macroinvertebrates in the two types of headwater stream
14467	2	bution of biological quality elements – phytoplankton and aquatic macrophytes along the trophic  ty elements – phytoplankton and aquatic macrophytes along the trophic gradient in selected wate
10545	2	oceanic food chain. the energy fixed by phytoplankton is transferred to grazers and to higher c  rganic matter , the biochemistry of the zooplankton and larger animals living in the deep sea a
12384	1	programmes. to date working groups for fish, ocean function and human activities have been est
12052	2	d to develop the use of microorganisms, bacteria and fungi in degraded sites reclamation, notab  the use of microorganisms, bacteria and fungi in degraded sites reclamation, notably in the fra
205	2	ect for the study of the development of fish fauna at different evolutionary stages of the balt   course of that project the fragmentary fish material collected from postglacial sediments from
10400	1	s of immunity and disease resistance in insects. longer-term, we hope to gain a more complete u
10133	3	start affecting other coastal breeding birds such as cormorant, eider duck, herring gull and f  and thereby suppressing ground breeding birds and native vegetation. the reasons for this rapid  e mallow are being mimicked: guano from birds will be added, and the vegetation disturbed just
14189	1	ral selection at some optimal value. in insects, the benefits of high growth rate are easy to s
14895	2	ple of such complexity involves pelagic birds, which act as privileged indicators of marine hab  versity that provides a raw database of birds observations over oceans from 1999 to the present
10624	2	in recent years the potential for ecm fungi to influence forest carbon cycles has become clea  e will study carbon partitioning of ecm fungi with contrasting ecology in pure culture over a r
12680	2	undance of farmland, woodland and water birds. it will make recommendations for land use policy   range and population seize of breeding birds.
11281	6	arophytes transition from macrophyte to phytoplankton dominance. a decline in charophyte specie  ess leads to an encroachment of elodeid macrophytes, characterised by sub-decadal oscillations    marl precipitation. finally, submerged macrophytes are displaced by phytoplankton populations    submerged macrophytes are displaced by phytoplankton populations concomitant with the total ce  nt cover with associated alterations in zooplankton, invertebrate and fish populations. it is e  ations in zooplankton, invertebrate and fish populations. it is expected that the main findings
13927	4	unicellular planktonic cyanobacteria have in the last decade been discovered a  t unicellular, pico- and nanoplanktonic cyanobacteria, may be abundant during summer months in    co-developed with larger bloom forming cyanobacteria such as nodularia, and may be responsible  ogical function that marine unicellular cyanobacteria play in biogeochemical cycles in the balt
1964	2	mous, and that only less than 1% of all bacteria in nature have been isolated in pure cultures.   the sulfur cycle, the sulfate reducing bacteria. for this purpose we will apply a polyphasic a
10313	1	udy of epigenetic regulation of in wild birds - i.e., showing whether results from laboratory s
9877	1	is method we will identify which of the fungi in ericaceous hair roots are potentially mycorrhi
10579	1	eproductive development and function in fish.
11555	3	r within them. we now think that marine zooplankton, their excreted faecal material and other s  ch using different approaches including phytoplankton culture studies, zooplankton grazing expe  ncluding phytoplankton culture studies, zooplankton grazing experiments, sediment trap studies,
15526	9	s. at the same time, iberian freshwater fish form a highly imperiled group, with many endemic s  most frequently cited pressures driving fish to imperilment in the iberian peninsula, due to di  ian peninsula, due to direct impacts on fish and their habitat and to their facilitating role f   role for the establishment of invasive fish. there is an urgent need to integrate human demand   on river ecosystems, focusing on river fish communities; and ii the development of useful tool  rvoirs in the characteristics of stream fish communities, their temporal dynamics and the popul  ts of different pressures on freshwater fish has used correlative approaches. with this proposa  w characteristics that are relevant for fish ecology in a mediterranean context, especially the  different characteristics of freshwater fish communities, including the dominance of invasive s
13744	2	t factors affecting urban biodiversity. birds will be surveyed from may to august in >500 urban  e, reproductive success of hole-nesting birds will be investigated along an urban to rural grad
10542	1	brate communities. the habitat supports birds of conservation interest and is of high landscape
11770	1	fishing for marine fish and shellfish can damage the sea-bottom and the an
9941	10	recently, huge numbers of bacteria kilometres deep in the earth have been discove  n the earth have been discovered. these bacteria may represent over 50% of all life on earth. b   but we know almost nothing about these bacteria as we can only grow a tiny fraction of them in  ts contain most of these deep biosphere bacteria and here pressures are enormous over 300 times  e have developed a system which enables bacteria to be consistently grown and studied under hig  sure coring and handling system so that bacteria are never depressurised which should allow dee  r depressurised which should allow deep bacteria not previously seen to be studied. this projec  hat we can subsequently investigate the bacteria we enrich to find out what type they are, how   ns of years old and may contain ancient bacteria. they may even be an environment where life on  ht have started. so understanding these bacteria will not only tell us about life on earth it m
15133	2	among the fungi belonging to the group of the basidiomycetes and   basidiomicetes, the so called white rot-fungi of wood, have developed an enzymatic system which
7252	4	ting the high concentrations of co2 and algae, and conversely the low concentrations of co2 and  rsely the low concentrations of co2 and algae, through traffic against -current. the use of a c  ld be considered priority: animal feed, fish, food, soil improvement, crop protection,.... by s   the quality and quantity of protein in algae. according to the ways of development of biomass,
14786	2	bilisation strategies will be assessed. fungi from heavy metal rich natural soils or contaminat  and characterised. the effects of these fungi on the growth and heavy metal uptake of plants, c
15250	3	engers, generalist predators as well as insects, bacteria and fungi. the amount of carcasses av  eneralist predators as well as insects, bacteria and fungi. the amount of carcasses available f  dators as well as insects, bacteria and fungi. the amount of carcasses available for scavengers
13827	6	is a new and exciting way to answer if fish regulate their nutritional intake of energy by sel  feeding behaviour and self-selection by fish diet, with recent development of a geometrical fra  e used for testing new diets for farmed fish. the present project aim to test the nutritional w  sdom in arctic charr by challenging the fish with different diets. by experimentally testing th  do they balance unbalanced diets of the fish. the experiments are done on individual fish where   the experiments are done on individual fish where individual performance is considered and the
12409	1	roup provided the uk with data on their birds between 2002-2006. the extra funding will provide
10765	4	it. if wear does differ, as it does in fish teeth, this will provide a new way of increasing t  tterns of tooth wear in benthic feeding fish differ from those of pelagic feeding fish and can   sh differ from those of pelagic feeding fish and can be used to study changes in feeding in fos  d to study changes in feeding in fossil fish. does the same apply to conodonts in order to find
10248	2	will collect data and develop models of fish utilisation of lateral habitats in relation to hab  gement of floodplain systems as regards fish communities.
10453	2	will collect data and develop models of fish utilisation of lateral habitats in relation to hab  gement of floodplain systems as regards fish communities.
9989	2	will collect data and develop models of fish utilisation of lateral habitats in relation to hab  gement of floodplain systems as regards fish communities.
12197	1	success of a range of priority farmland birds in britain. the study will test two lenient cattl
153	3	d relations how diversity of plants and insects are related to the riparian landscape diversity  itat. 4. what are the relations between pollinators and the composition of plant communities an  tween the environmental requirements of pollinators and landscape structure. as the result of t
2496	1	internationally strong research team of fish population ecologists and geneticists, parasitolog
2497	3	nd. a strong east-west gradient in both phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness makes a   west gradient in both phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness makes a longitudinal trans  al and molecular measures of phyto- and zooplankton biodiversity, and up-scaling by predictive
2161	1	present project relates to a non-native fish species . investigations cover the developments of
2166	5	reduction in relative fitness of farmed fish in the wild. to understand how natural selection i  nced by continual immigration of farmed fish into wild populations, the effects of selection an  g on the history of intrusion of farmed fish. the project aims at highlighting how the evolutio  ntrasting levels of intrusion of farmed fish and from existing published data. using stochastic  t that pure one-way migration of farmed fish into the wild makes this strongly dependent on the
10324	1	ty in brachyraphis episopali a tropical fish. cognitive ability will be quantified and compared
465	1	in two groups of dipteral bloodsucking insects reputed as dreadful vectors of human and animal
13487	1	nated by dwarf-shrub species. parasitic fungi play a key role in these communities affecting sp
7007	5	atively reproducing crustose lichenized fungi of neotropical lowland rain forests with the aim   out biodiversity of tropical lichenized fungi, as detailed data on sterile crustose epiphytic l  iled data on sterile crustose epiphytic lichens will become available for the first time for ca  se corticolous vegetatively reproducing lichens of tropical lowland rain forests are among the    forests are among the most badly known lichens on the world, although they are very common and
7594	1	aeromonas bacteria that colonize kind of water habitats are divid
15237	4	tivorous trawling bat, which feeds upon fish to varying degrees, at least in some areas and/or   es, but seasonally they prey largely on birds, as revealed in several studies published in the   . capaccinii use echolocation to detect fish, or they rely on other senses as vision or touch.   ow a specific flying pattern adapted to fish. and thirdly, from an ecological point of view we
144	1	ed specimens of agnathans, and selected fish groups will be studied and a large number of chara
9888	2	decade mean it is now feasible to study insects and other small animals in their natural habita  tomate individual recognition of tagged invertebrates and other small animals in the wild. the
7267	1	re very different eukaryotic viruses or bacteria morphologically and genomics
2463	6	phytoplankton, accounting for less than 1% of the earth   two such mechanisms: 1 lysis of marine phytoplankton caused by viral infection and 2 programme  ng of mortality mechanisms in different phytoplankton species and thereby gain a better underst  gain a better understanding of why some phytoplankton species form extensive blooms whereas oth  and understanding harmful algal blooms, fish-and shellfish farming, e.g. detection of fish- and  nd shellfish farming, e.g. detection of fish- and/or shellfish pathogenic agents.
11720	2	dominated by very small, single celled cyanobacteria, which are referred to as the photosynthe   viruses that can infect and kill these cyanobacteria and as a result control the abundance and
1983	1	the scientific research on phytoplankton diversity has gained much interest the la
10601	3	marine phytoplankton are central players in global carbon fixa  y transfer. consequently, the causes of phytoplankton mortality have important biogeochemical a  routes for primary production by marine phytoplankton are release of dissolved organic matter .
11607	3	suit-dive foraging performance in these birds. knowledge of these factors will be combined with  ases of the perceived conflicts between fish eating birds and human economic interests and info  perceived conflicts between fish eating birds and human economic interests and inform their man
15119	1	ped biofilm algal community and grazing macroinvertebrates feeding on in drough periods to defi
2510	1	lineage, including bryophytes and green algae. identification of calapin and dek1 function in k
12155	1	line in recent decades of u.k. farmland birds is well documented and has led to a public servic
13851	2	his summer. previous analyses show that parasitoids is an important mortality factor contributi  lopment of the populations of moths and parasitoids over the current population peak.
11136	2	in this project, i will examine whether phytoplankton use volatile chemical cues in analogous t  alogous tritrophic interactions. marine algae produce several classes of biogenic gases such as
11860	1	re a unique group of microscopic marine algae that produce small scales of caco3 needed for gro
13937	17	ere is growing evidence that changes in zooplankton population abundance and biodiversity are r  sity are responsible for the decreasing fish stocks in the baltic sea. zooplankton abundance an  creasing fish stocks in the baltic sea. zooplankton abundance and growth rates are directly lin  e directly linked to the variability in fish recruitment, and consequently in fish population a  n fish recruitment, and consequently in fish population abundance and condition. despite this,    abundance and condition. despite this, zooplankton studies have been largely neglected in swed   the period of most dramatic changes in fish stocks. we will complete and summarize zooplankton   stocks. we will complete and summarize zooplankton data focusing on 3 interrelated questions:   ocusing on 3 interrelated questions: is zooplankton decline, if any, influenced by fish predati  plankton decline, if any, influenced by fish predation. to answer these questions, we will exam  answer these questions, we will examine zooplankton stocks, biodiversity and growth rates in si  cently developed biochemical method for zooplankton growth assessment. relating zooplankton dyn  zooplankton growth assessment. relating zooplankton dynamics to fish stocks will provide unders  sment. relating zooplankton dynamics to fish stocks will provide understanding of zooplankton-f  sh stocks will provide understanding of zooplankton-fish linkage in western baltic, a prerequis  ll provide understanding of zooplankton-fish linkage in western baltic, a prerequisite for ecos   prerequisite for ecosystem approach to fish management.
10658	10	. the numbers of the rare and protected fish, the arctic charr, have also declined dramatically  ade leading to greater predation on the zooplankton, which in turn has reduced the algae from c  plankton, which in turn has reduced the algae from control by their grazer. we will also test w  tion with roach, since both feed on the zooplankton. we are in a unique position to assess the   ta, analysis of the historical archived fish and zooplankton samples, identification of food so  sis of the historical archived fish and zooplankton samples, identification of food sources of   cation of food sources of the different fish populations and food-web structure using stable is   stable isotope analysis and studies of fish gut contents, hydroacoustic analysis to estimate f  nts, hydroacoustic analysis to estimate fish density and location and modelling to estimate roa  ing to estimate roach ecological niche, zooplankton grazing and algal growth. the project is re
9901	10	. the numbers of the rare and protected fish, the arctic charr, have also declined dramatically  ade leading to greater predation on the zooplankton, which in turn has reduced the algae from c  plankton, which in turn has reduced the algae from control by their grazer. we will also test w  tion with roach, since both feed on the zooplankton. we are in a unique position to assess the   ta, analysis of the historical archived fish and zooplankton samples, identification of food so  sis of the historical archived fish and zooplankton samples, identification of food sources of   cation of food sources of the different fish populations and food-web structure using stable is   stable isotope analysis and studies of fish gut contents, hydroacoustic analysis to estimate f  nts, hydroacoustic analysis to estimate fish density and location and modelling to estimate roa  ing to estimate roach ecological niche, zooplankton grazing and algal growth. the project is re
10122	1	calcifying coccolithophores. haptophyte algae accumulate two principal compatible solutes, the
14468	1	nd fungicide effect on different groups fungi. the determination of the metabolite profiles of
13483	3	winter performance in fish is of major importance for geographical distributi   in winter conditions on top consumers –fish in laboratory, estimating foraging abilities, diet  r conditions and resource production on fish population dynamics is analysed using models param
12170	2	f different types of set-aside land for birds, both in terms of providing food resources in win  tudy will use information on density of birds in different farmland habitats to estimate the re
15075	1	dispersal and colonization patterns of zooplankton in shallow lagoons on a local scale
190	3	els of marine ecosystems. first data on zooplankton in the gulf of riga date back to early 1900  w ii. one of the most recent aspects in zooplankton studies has been its long-term dynamics and  man-mediated invasion of alien species. zooplankton plays an essential role in performance of t