| Id | Number of occurences | Forms |
|---|---|---|
| 12058 | 1 | l selection and domestication practices have generated rich and original intra-specific diversi
|
| 7299 | 1 | tresses. past century, human activities have generated in the environment of harmful pollution,
|
| 7312 | 1 | tems. to this end, quantitative methods have been developed to assess the effects of amp. at th
|
| 7558 | 1 | many molecular biology methods have been developed that allow the genetic characteriza
|
| 7576 | 3 | the search for autonomy has led some organic farmers to develop low- input prod
varieties of ancient populations, they noticed the ability to adapt to their lands and ways of hing the network of producers that they have created, the evolution and adaptation of populatio |
| 7609 | 1 | rom the indigenous microflora of a soil having been genetically transformed by these molecules
|
| 7612 | 1 | lly unpolluted sites. some rare species have developed tolerance capabilities that allow them t
|
| 10966 | 6 | sely with the gibraltar caving group we tracked monthly and seasonal variations in chemistry an
easonal isotopic and chemical cycles we have found in a recently deposited stalagmite, and rela ical cycles we have found in a recently deposited stalagmite, and relate relevant parts of the to 1792. furthermore, because gibraltar has been slowly uplifted by geological forces, caves ha ly uplifted by geological forces, caves have been elevated as speleothem grew. we shall investi hem grew. we shall investigate how this has affected the d18o-climate transfer function and how |
| 10847 | 1 | -art spatial interpolation methods that have been developed at sahfos . the project will also i
|
| 14360 | 2 | verage is inadequate - existing methods have not addressed the issue of habitat structure which
t existing remote sensing methodologies have not been tested vigorously for operational purpose |
| 12585 | 4 | keholders and the project investigators have developed good networks with additional stakeholde
ets, while in recent years the emphasis has shifted to soil and water conservation, enhancement llance, monitoring and research results have led to adaptive management in some restoration pro h each project, and on how the projects have been funded. to understand the importance of publi |
| 7633 | 1 | not cultivable in vitro. new approaches have developed so-called metagenomic of extracting the
|
| 1973 | 3 | en invading and resident fucoid species has been recently documented and may have significant e
xploited for a variety of products, and have been implicated as biodiversity indicators. until hybrid zones in marine benthic species have focused exclusively on animals. the objectives of |
| 10169 | 1 | s largest impact craters, and yet which had no associated biotic effects. a highly qualified in
|
| 10022 | 3 | while molecular systematics has been a steadily growing discipline for some 20 year
equencing technology and bioinformatics has finally provided the prospect of integrating all or -of-life, the holometabolan insects. we have already developed a set of bioinformatic scripts f |
| 7643 | 1 | ns and theories. but so far no research has been undertaken to analyzed how these relationships
|
| 10029 | 1 | e - has only recently been modelled. we achieved this modelling using radiosity methods a gener
|
| 11058 | 1 | e - has only recently been modelled. we achieved this modelling using radiosity methods a gener
|
| 11205 | 1 | cycles. advances in genomic technology have presented us with a new toolbox of techniques that
|
| 10807 | 2 | ology, and aid conservation work. there have been lots of studies on one or a few factors affec
r fishes to hide and avoid predators. i have developed a theoretical model that summarises all |
| 12596 | 1 | l warming. however, restoration schemes have not considered the release of methane from peatlan
|
| 13819 | 1 | great concern has been expressed in several european countries over d
|
| 12549 | 1 | p. within the european community the uk has protected zone status to prevent the spread of b. t
|
| 2028 | 1 | a challenge for ecologists has been to understand how individual traits of organis
|
| 2104 | 1 | cies and infrageneric units in galerina have hitherto been based on morphological and to a less
|
| 15064 | 3 | ood of extinction. in previous work, we showed how the survival of the reproductive portions of
minary results on floaters, we recently started to approach the study of dispersal to a new per models others than the ones previously used for this topic to reinforce current practices of c |
| 11462 | 2 | molecular systematics has been used to study deep relationships of the tree-o
. however, these universal gene markers have been proven to be insufficient for many applicatio |
| 10340 | 3 | ing for odorant and gustatory receptors have been identified and their characterisation is now
tion within species to detect loci that have evolved rapidly under natural selection. we will t me set of strains to test for loci that have altered expression patterns and so potentially nov |
| 10994 | 3 | ing for odorant and gustatory receptors have been identified and their characterisation is now
tion within species to detect loci that have evolved rapidly under natural selection. we will t me set of strains to test for loci that have altered expression patterns and so potentially nov |
| 9967 | 3 | ing for odorant and gustatory receptors have been identified and their characterisation is now
tion within species to detect loci that have evolved rapidly under natural selection. we will t me set of strains to test for loci that have altered expression patterns and so potentially nov |
| 12267 | 1 | ease to the atmosphere. both approaches have been reported here. as with all defra-funded resea
|
| 6816 | 1 | renal and liver transplanted recipients has been improving. the introduction of new immunosuppr
|
| 12751 | 1 | defra has recently funded research aimed at providing operati
|
| 12704 | 1 | od in terms of the extent to which they have proved useful to the department in the formulation
|
| 11313 | 2 | ow species are kept apart, and how they formed in the first place. there are several theories a
s into another. some of the chromosomes have already been transferred, but this proposal aims t |
| 10179 | 1 | ms of phage conversion. recent research has revealed a remarkable spectrum of bacterial genes c
|
| 13980 | 3 | high-throughput genotyping technologies has revolutionized evolutionary biology and genetics. t
identify genes under positive selection has been to examine candidate genes. while these studie ne candidate genes. while these studies have had some successes, with the massive amounts of da |
| 11671 | 1 | t. traditionally, freshwater ecologists have focused on the aquatic, juvenile stages of insects
|
| 9929 | 2 | predators may be one of the factors. we have previously made an extensive study of calanus pred
antic, including during the winter, and have found there is a mismatch between the overwinterin |
| 10812 | 4 | understand both types of variation but have been forced to consider each in isolation. in my r
lected by a large volunteer network and have become one of the most valuable datasets in biolog ith cold ones. also, we can tackle more complicated issues, like why some species respond well ary and ecological questions like these have rarely been addressed together. finally, the new a |
| 9961 | 4 | understand both types of variation but have been forced to consider each in isolation. in my r
lected by a large volunteer network and have become one of the most valuable datasets in biolog ith cold ones. also, we can tackle more complicated issues, like why some species respond well ary and ecological questions like these have rarely been addressed together. finally, the new a |
| 10522 | 3 | sition of north wall of the gulf stream have also been shown to influence directly the regional
examine coherence in lake temperatures has just begun but as yet no-one has investigated coher atures has just begun but as yet no-one has investigated coherence of biological, chemical or w |
| 10752 | 3 | sition of north wall of the gulf stream have also been shown to influence directly the regional
examine coherence in lake temperatures has just begun but as yet no-one has investigated coher atures has just begun but as yet no-one has investigated coherence of biological, chemical or w |
| 10756 | 3 | sition of north wall of the gulf stream have also been shown to influence directly the regional
examine coherence in lake temperatures has just begun but as yet no-one has investigated coher atures has just begun but as yet no-one has investigated coherence of biological, chemical or w |
| 11807 | 3 | sition of north wall of the gulf stream have also been shown to influence directly the regional
examine coherence in lake temperatures has just begun but as yet no-one has investigated coher atures has just begun but as yet no-one has investigated coherence of biological, chemical or w |
| 12027 | 2 | velopment of coastal and littoral areas has destroyed and continues to destroy and fragment nat
try of european mediterranean countries has allowed for spontaneous forest spread. this is the |
| 10075 | 1 | rating tree growth and what the impacts have been on biodiversity behind this change. 13 of the
|
| 11513 | 1 | rating tree growth and what the impacts have been on biodiversity behind this change. 13 of the
|
| 11330 | 3 | e magmatic processes in the lower crust has proven challenging, however, primarily due to sever
crustal sections from dismembered crust have been studied to date, and it remains uncertain to rilling in the equatorial pacific ocean has penetrated the upper crust, reaching the upper crus |
| 1992 | 3 | rritory defence and mate attraction. we have previously shown they have adjusted their songs in
traction. we have previously shown they have adjusted their songs in pitch: the use of low-pitc n this set-up, and, although great tits have been used in operant conditioning experiments, thi |
| 539 | 1 | e case of the lepidoptera, for which we have shown a significant shift of about 30 km for some
|
| 6823 | 1 | in recent years there has been a substantial increase in the number of plant
|
| 11554 | 2 | y. nests and other animal constructions have been described as extended phenotypic traits / ext
ies living in different environments to have evolved different nest construction, a process cal |
| 10709 | 1 | ble to disperse through landscapes that have been greatly altered by human activities, and wher
|
| 10053 | 1 | and experiments that use this framework have allowed us to describe how fast a population adapt
|
| 12738 | 1 | aptation and conservation projects that have already been completed or are under way. it would
|
| 14956 | 1 | n the uvb radiation effect on organisms has increased due to the rise in the uvb radiation flux
|
| 15053 | 1 | le of thriving under extreme conditions have become of interest from both, an academic and biot
|
| 11353 | 7 | in the peppered moth, biston betularia, has long been used as a defining, textbook example of a
response to environmental change, which has served to educate generations of students and the g ptation. sadly, this classic case study has been neglected by modern advances in genetics. this groups such as ladybirds, are known to have become darker during the industrial period. in thi y response to smoke pollution could not have occurred. do they represent ancestral polymorphism iston research has a long history which has been primarily concerned with selective differences account of evolution in action , which has recently come under unjustified attack. |
| 13737 | 2 | acidification has widely led to mitigating measures including reduced
conditions. a preliminary investigation has shown that both the taxonomic diversity of macroinv |
| 12067 | 2 | orest habitats. landscape modifications have induced a shift from natural complex ecosystems to
n genetics and evolutionary biology and have showed their ability to adapt to anthropic changes |
| 13839 | 3 | t are adapted to their environments, we launched the present formas project have evolved mainly
we launched the present formas project have evolved mainly due to different selection pressure sed differences in morphological traits have evolved mainly a neutral manner. there is tendency |
| 15364 | 1 | rought events related to climate change have been associated to important changes in compositio
|
| 14668 | 1 | its spring behaviour during flight that has been observed by cineradiography. it is known that
|
| 10435 | 2 | ceiving or rearing young. however, they have had limited success in explaining the distribution
ng or rearing young. however, they have had limited success in explaining the distribution of s |
| 9952 | 2 | although variation in reproductive skew has been the focus of considerable research in behaviou
oung. an alternative possibility, which has received relatively little attention, is that suppr |
| 15461 | 1 | se no previous behavioral field studies have addressed the sense of vibration detection in anur
|
| 10753 | 2 | ctly anaerobic process. this phenomenon has been termed the oceanic methane paradox . if, howev
ts this hypothesis. we have now clearly identified the presence of methanogens . in addition, t |
| 9871 | 2 | ctly anaerobic process. this phenomenon has been termed the oceanic methane paradox . if, howev
ts this hypothesis. we have now clearly identified the presence of methanogens . in addition, t |
| 11737 | 1 | g the current there. every 10 days they come up to the surface, measuring temperature and salin
|
| 14367 | 1 | restrial targets, such as forests which have pronounced vegetation structures, are affecting th
|
| 15303 | 2 | boratory strain mice with rb fusions it has been found suppression of genetic recombination nea
lation of the species. previous results have shown that the presence of homozygous and heterozy |
| 13979 | 3 | ions for wildlife population management have neglected the economic costs of management, and ha
d the economic costs of management, and have thus risked wasting management resources. recent a t on similar resources, the swedish epa has produced an action plan for the woodpecker, with to |
| 7451 | 1 | nmental conditions may vary. to date it has been impossible to sample and identify the origin o
|
| 10443 | 1 | pulation-level we currently have a very limited idea about the relationship between population-
|
| 10177 | 1 | chaeobotanically matchless. 600 samples have been collected over 20 years by the pi and the rr
|
| 11821 | 6 | agriculture is thought to have begun about 10 000 years ago in the fertile cresce
ent to their own ends. agriculture also had far reaching effects on human society, the improved lassical greece and rome. much research has been devoted to understanding the origin of agricul bridizing with wild plants. experiments have shown that if rigorous farming practices are follo ile crescent ten thousand years ago. we have been studying this question by genetic analysis of o be domesticated in southwest asia. we discovered that although cultivated plants are most clo |
| 7430 | 1 | f productions. our ecological awareness has led us to always use innovative agricultural practi
|
| 7190 | 1 | the inclusion of this new social issue has become part of the environmental dimension of frenc
|
| 7111 | 1 | r environmental management. for this we have developed biodiversity assessment methods of field
|
| 523 | 1 | agement diagnosis. for this purpose, we have developed methods, based on indicators, to assess
|
| 15187 | 4 | ective of natura. this kind of habitats has been almost neglected although they make up a consi
able portion of the coastline; and they have not been previusly studied in the atlantic coast o of canopy-forming seaweeds. some works have studied the algal turfs from coral reefs and subti ctivities. nevertheless, very few works have previously studied the algal turfs from sand-rocky |
| 11101 | 2 | there has been international agreement to minimise the impact
cy and extent of saline intrusions that have occurred in wild fish. |
| 12016 | 7 | odiversity loss, international research has recently experienced a new impetus, both in applied
world – having islands in all oceans – has failed insofar to share the leadership in the resea f these islands. for this programme, we brought together 5 research groups from different resea e in the last years in this context. we have studied the impact of alien invasive species in in nation of these different approaches we conducted on ecologically contrasted islands led us to e new scientific and applied programmes have begun or are being planned, involving the differen rs of the aliens project. the programme has therefore been very successful, both in terms of ac |
| 13743 | 1 | threats to biodiversity today. studies have shown that alien plants can replace natives by com
|
| 14103 | 1 | area. the main aims of the project are: has planned.
|
| 12709 | 1 | ng climate. studies of re-wilding, for, have generally identified limited opportunities in the
|
| 11067 | 5 | climate has often been identified as the main determinant of sp
species distributions. recent research has identified climate-induced shifts in the altitudina hese two types of distributional shifts has rarely been studied. elevation shifts may have the inal occurrence of species in each area has increased since the previous survey, whether these pected given the amount of warming that has taken place, and whether these changes are related |
| 9965 | 5 | climate has often been identified as the main determinant of sp
species distributions. recent research has identified climate-induced shifts in the altitudina hese two types of distributional shifts has rarely been studied. elevation shifts may have the inal occurrence of species in each area has increased since the previous survey, whether these pected given the amount of warming that has taken place, and whether these changes are related |
| 12037 | 3 | ms representative of this diversity, we quantified socioeconomic conditions, landscapes, biodiv
ions and ecosystem services, no attempt had been made so far to test this basic hypothesis. to sic hypothesis. to achieve this task we based our work on an interdisciplinary conceptual model |
| 11235 | 2 | , over 400 different indigenous peoples have protected amazonia and the yungas. in turn amazoni
yungas. in turn amazonia and the yungas have provided health and well-being for these indigenou |
| 10573 | 2 | sphere. however, we have relatively few ground-based measurements of greenhouse gas exchange fr
nge from these ecosystems, as attention has largely focussed on fluxes from terra firme forests |
| 2204 | 3 | r of experimental and field studies. it has been intensively studied since it is now quite wide
ed since it is now quite widespread and has been introduced into many european countries and th scientific literature. the main vectors have also been identified and human activities, connect |
| 11186 | 1 | structed. intra-crystalline amino acids have not been investigated before, but pilot data indic
|
| 10869 | 1 | l also measure how much ammonia lichens have taken up and discover to what extent this might af
|
| 12479 | 3 | antify these values. however, this work has not proceeded to the point where any valuations hav
eeded to the point where any valuations have been carried out, and there has been limited progr ations have been carried out, and there has been limited progress in applying this theory to th |
| 11861 | 4 | ecology has been poor at identifying and researching novel issu
rops were carried out after the product had been on the market . this is inefficient and gives d potentially affect uk biodiversity.we have planned a collaboration of the leading ecological k biodiversity in the next 50 years but have not been of importance in the past. we expect this |
| 12241 | 3 | over the last 40 years many experiments have been performed by warwick hri and its collaborator
difficult to interpret. this situation has not been eased by the decommissioning of the vax co in the future it is essential that they become more accessible. the widespread availability of |
| 10650 | 1 | to their potential future response. it has already been shown that changes in the rate of carb
|
| 10041 | 4 | factors affecting carotenoid coloration have been well-studied, there is almost no information
havioural ecology of carotenoid patches has been intensively studied; carotenoid content and me died; carotenoid content and metabolism have been studied in many species; and a robust phyloge rs and bills of widowbirds and queleas. having isolated the relevant genefrom target species, w |
| 14848 | 1 | of the biological diversity and others have remarked the highly disturbed conditions of the ri
|
| 11726 | 1 | we have recently begun the first study of fluxes of energy
|
| 15017 | 2 | es. hitherto, studies on visual signals have predominantly focused on their informative content
cused on their informative content, and have therefore neglected their efficacy. efficacy of an |
| 10052 | 1 | i-bacterial properties will persist. we have already shown that tio2 nps are toxic to fish, and
|
| 1085 | 1 | creasing rapidly. in fact, this problem has been discussed in more than thirty international co
|
| 10721 | 7 | evolutionary biologists have long been fascinated by the differences between th
ers of different species. past research has shown that sexual dimorphism has arisen in response search has shown that sexual dimorphism has arisen in response to differing male and female rep estion of how males and females diverge has not been resolved. the underlying problem is that m nisms, ranging from fruitflies to deer, have demonstrated that genomes that improve performance e so-called sexually antagonistic genes have only been indirectly inferred by comparing the per to infer for how long sexual antagonism has persisted at these loci. by addressing these multip |
| 7596 | 1 | of sustainable resistance to nematodes, has been cloned and sequenced from prunus cerasifera. i
|
| 6923 | 1 | rium tumefaciens-induced transformation have been identified in arabidopsis thaliana and nicoti
|
| 14789 | 1 | pulation lacking b chromosomes where we released b-carrying males 11 years ago.
|
| 14173 | 1 | the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae has widely been used for isolation of genes required fo
|
| 15173 | 1 | for which a lot of methodological tools have been developed. regarding to the species b. bufo,
|
| 12517 | 1 | th, the area of organically farmed land has remained relatively constant in recent years, accou
|
| 12461 | 2 | e fit for purpose in the future, and it set out options for improving its operation. it contrib
options for improving its operation. it contributed to thinking on the reform of the common fis |
| 15038 | 6 | ence of invasions. these four questions have been barely considered for a limited number of spe
ion of the communities, which until now has only been studied in a reduced number of species an tion, for which, recently a useful tool has been proposed: prediction based in biological distr communities. until now this methodology has not been applied for seaweeds invasions. with this n andalusian coasts, where this species has been recently introduced with an important invasive europe and in the mediterranean sea, it has been little studied. |
| 14705 | 2 | derived from those eastern populations would have been cloned and spread along the mediterrane
l and paleobotanical findings that they have done. it is possible to think that again the curre |
| 7532 | 1 | rench sheep breeds was incorporated. it allowed to show a wide variability of alleles of this g
|
| 15143 | 1 | ntained in these landscapes, so it will become urgent to know the effects that the habitat stru
|
| 7371 | 1 | very few studies have focused on the analysis of the variability of gene
|
| 10068 | 1 | be able to test whether these lineages have responded to the evolution of their hosts in the s
|
| 15424 | 4 | he cretaceous. morphologically odonates have changed slightly since then, but they are not prim
e not primitive, and for this reason we have selected the title ancient responses to new challe elements, like transposons. we recently reviewed the evolution and maintenance of alternative c nates. this topic is still debated, and has generated a fruitful body of research in the last t |
| 14166 | 2 | a few provisional airborne measurements have demonstrated the high information content and pote
onian university of life sciences which has been and will be a test site of international satel |
| 9963 | 2 | ups form. recently, scientific interest has grown in the way the behaviour of individual animal
ey tend to bunch together tightly. this has been called the selfish herd because each animal tr |
| 1987 | 3 | ironmental changes along their flyways, have rarely been addressed. however, new theoretical ad
ssed. however, new theoretical advances have now created considerable potential to provide an u . in particular, state-dependent models have proved useful in elucidating migratory patterns. t |
| 14417 | 1 | it has been reported by nasa experts for considerable redu
|
| 10344 | 2 | the chemical environment in which they have grown. such signatures are useful tools to use as
27k, however additional support of £23k has been given from other sources and the german hosts |
| 14366 | 1 | verriding objective presented above, we have specified several work packages, each with its own
|
| 14604 | 1 | hanges on the different vital processes has resulted in an increment of phenotypical plasticity
|
| 10465 | 3 | ant agricultural and forestry pests. it has long been known that nearly all aphids carry a symb
ther depauperate diet. more recently it has been discovered that most aphids also harbour one o ed secondary symbionts. recent research has shown that secondary symbionts can, among other thi |
| 9887 | 3 | ant agricultural and forestry pests. it has long been known that nearly all aphids carry a symb
ther depauperate diet. more recently it has been discovered that most aphids also harbour one o ed secondary symbionts. recent research has shown that secondary symbionts can, among other thi |
| 15575 | 6 | 40ies increased agricultural production has modified agricultural landscapes, including destruc
cosystem services. much recent research has focused on valuating and mapping ecosystem services enemies and natural enemy attack rates have often been found to be lower in landscapes dominat ns prey suppression, individual studies have found positive, neutral, and even negative multi-e iversity affects biological control. it has been shown that the structure of host-parasitoid fo ical control. however, to date no study has explored the interactions in complex food webs incl |
| 10603 | 3 | f bacteria kilometres deep in the earth have been discovered. these bacteria may represent over
ight kill the vast majority of them. we have developed a system which enables bacteria to be co n environment where life on earth might have started. so understanding these bacteria will not |
| 10103 | 3 | s and the rarity of many species- which has increased in recent years as a result of plant coll
ion of agriculture and land use changes have placed many species in jeopardy. one feature of or on fungi. whilst this mode of nutrition has been known for over a century, the details of the c |
| 12631 | 1 | will summarise how planning authorities have taken account of bmv as a sustainability indicator
|
| 6744 | 1 | h institute for viticulture and enology has been dealing with grape resistance breading effecti
|
| 14484 | 1 | from the dogs and swine, respectively, have been cited parasitizing human host, suggesting the
|
| 15219 | 1 | known brachyuran species, most of them based in laboratory-reared specimens. this gap in the k
|
| 11022 | 3 | the fissure fillings of glamorganshire have yielded truly enormous collections of teeth and di
, which have an intermediate condition, have helped in the understanding of this transition. th sition to the mammalian jaw joint which has not been previously investigated is whether there i |
| 12490 | 3 | ity management for ecosystem protection has primarily focussed to date on the use of critical l
vices of exceedance of these thresholds have not been fully evaluated. furthermore, the nature change. in the uk to date, most effort has been placed in quantifying ammonia emission fluxes |
| 12516 | 2 | fruits, and to a lesser extent apples, has shown that certain calcium compounds have direct ef
ol of rotting in fruit crops. much work has been published on the effects of calcium on rotting |
| 12046 | 2 | rk and the effects of global change. we examined basic questions concerning protists of the pla
different types: primary producers . we established that parasitic protists can persist in the |
| 10238 | 2 | functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now poss
olved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to dev |
| 10697 | 2 | functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now poss
olved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to dev |
| 11252 | 2 | functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now poss
olved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to dev |
| 11262 | 2 | functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now poss
olved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to dev |
| 11793 | 2 | functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now poss
olved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to dev |
| 11800 | 2 | functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now poss
olved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to dev |
| 11803 | 2 | functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now poss
olved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to dev |
| 9971 | 2 | functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now poss
olved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to dev |
| 9977 | 2 | functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now poss
olved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to dev |
| 9986 | 2 | functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now poss
olved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to dev |
| 9988 | 2 | functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbial ecology and it is now poss
olved in different marine environments. having described functional biodiversity, we aim to dev |
| 12247 | 1 | and is farmed and farmland biodiversity has declined significantly as a consequence of agricult
|
| 11863 | 12 | ed dna. by studying this ancient dna it has been possible to examine how crops such as wheat, b
w crops such as wheat, barley and maize have evolved since they were domesticated, including th including the way in which these plants have adapted to the new environments to which they have d to the new environments to which they have been taken by humans. ancient dna analysis is rela sis is relatively easy with plants that have been preserved by desiccation, as under these cond igh temperatures to which the molecules have been exposed have resulted in them becoming broken o which the molecules have been exposed have resulted in them becoming broken down into very sh exposed have resulted in them becoming broken down into very short fragments. to obtain dna se tudy the ancient dna in charred remains have not been very successful. this is frustrating beca ver, be a solution to the problems that have plagued attempts to study ancient dna in charred p ve years new methods for dna sequencing have been developed. these next generation methods are o the study of short dna molecules, and have been used successfully with ancient dna from neand |
| 7035 | 2 | streams and rivers have long been considered as pipelines in the landscape
ontinents to the oceans. recent studies have dramatically changed this perception, showing that |
| 10518 | 3 | , the ocean s temperature at the seabed has increased by 1 degree c, causing the zone in which
h the apparent consequence that hydrate has broken down and released methane, which has migrate broken down and released methane, which has migrated to the seabed and into the ocean. at prese |
| 11663 | 2 | populations. the frog, rana temporaria, has been experiencing mass die-offs due to an invasive
rrently have two joint phd students who have developed the techniques and approaches that will |
| 11785 | 4 | there on earth. the number of taxa that have currently been assigned as species is approximatel
1.5 million, although the total number has been estimated at between 10 and 100 million. thus, the larger and popular fauna and flora have been described, other important groups such as nem ther important groups such as nematodes have been neglected. nematodes are the most abundant mu |
| 11636 | 4 | n the past decade, molecular techniques have been used to characterise soil microbial communiti
ty of the community. molecular analysis has revealed the existence of considerable microbial di us in temperate soils but, because none has ever been cultivated, we have no information on the genes of non-thermophilic crenarchaeota have been found on sections of environmental dna that a |
| 10070 | 2 | ty and conservation. lowland heathlands have experienced the most dramatic decline in the last
sms; to date, these powerful approaches have been rarely applied to the study of british ectomy |
| 14952 | 2 | biological invasions have become so widespread to constitute a significant c
ever-present and by their huge number, have established a wide array of relationships with man |
| 13875 | 3 | evolution and ecology. a genetic change may have taken place in the exotic range since the intr
exotic range since the introduction and may have been caused by altered selective pressure in t native range. alternatively, r. rugosa may have escaped from its natural enemies , which limit |
| 12590 | 1 | to be examined. however, it also widely recognised that in the uk this information is currently
|
| 14480 | 1 | respectively. finally, we will produce detailed protocols of actuation specific to each conser
|
| 10163 | 5 | uses. in the caribbean, for example, we found that coral cover has declined by 80% over the pas
for example, we found that coral cover has declined by 80% over the past three decades, trigge with fishing pressure, are expected to have had a considerable impact on reef fish communities the same analytical techniques that we used to examine coral cover, a post-doctoral researcher the large-scale ecological changes that have occurred on caribbean coral reefs over the past 30 |
| 12342 | 1 | r fisheries that take skate as bycatch, have increased the incidence and level of discarding. a
|
| 12291 | 5 | ast 30 years, agricultural weed control has been dominated by the use of herbicides. herbicides
s are easy to use, highly effective and have contributed significantly to rising agricultural y hat excessive reliance on agrichemicals has had adverse environmental effects and eu and uk gov t be possible to consider all weeds, we have chosen to focus on blackgrass, the most severe, wi weed species in the uk. once the model has been used to demonstrate the impacts of changing pe |
| 10840 | 2 | , exhibiting a range of trophic states, have already been cored and the sediments analysed phys
chronologically. no biological analyses have previously been undertaken on the sediments. chiro |
| 13794 | 2 | for another six months. my stay so far has been very rewarding, especially in terms of insight
us case study in southern madagascar, i have also initiated and carried out research in a case |
| 14109 | 3 | scape structure during the last century have resulted in significant fragmentation of plant pop
f this measure on the natural gene pool have received no attention so far. the aims of the proj epresenting the group of species, which have been shown to be most vulnerable to fragmentation, |
| 12550 | 2 | e known as the shook swarm. shook swarm has been developed as an alternative to the use of anti
od from the colony. provisional results have shown shook swarm can offer higher levels of succe |
| 14816 | 2 | rical and the ecological processes that have intervened in their configuration, through the ana
he spanish ministry for the environment has just published the distribution atlases of all vert |
| 11012 | 2 | or the responses of hosts. many studies have focused on how direct interactions are altered by
nd pathogen avoidance systems but fewer have focused on how factors indirectly related to the i |
| 11524 | 2 | or the responses of hosts. many studies have focused on how direct interactions are altered by
nd pathogen avoidance systems but fewer have focused on how factors indirectly related to the i |
| 12171 | 1 | lth of evidence suggests that set-aside has had benefits for farmland biodiversity, particularl
|
| 9953 | 6 | over the last few months there has been extreme drought in amazonia. this may be relat
since records began. the amazon drought may have been a similarly unusual event. in western ama . in western amazonia particularly this may have been the most intense drought since weather re e and lower reaches of the amazon river had reached the lowest marks for 35 to 60 years, which o understand how the extreme conditions have affected the larger region, and to put our localis to discover just how serious this event has been for plants in the region, and therefore to all |
| 9985 | 6 | over the last few months there has been extreme drought in amazonia. this may be relat
since records began. the amazon drought may have been a similarly unusual event. in western ama . in western amazonia particularly this may have been the most intense drought since weather re e and lower reaches of the amazon river had reached the lowest marks for 35 to 60 years, which o understand how the extreme conditions have affected the larger region, and to put our localis to discover just how serious this event has been for plants in the region, and therefore to all |
| 10156 | 4 | in the past twenty years, there has been a surge of interest in the role of disease on
s are purely observational and, so far, have produced unclear information about their strength hey increase after the target parasites have been removed then this suggests that the target sp nfectious diseases around the globe, it has never been more pressing to develop a genuine under |
| 11676 | 4 | in the past twenty years, there has been a surge of interest in the role of disease on
s are purely observational and, so far, have produced unclear information about their strength hey increase after the target parasites have been removed then this suggests that the target sp nfectious diseases around the globe, it has never been more pressing to develop a genuine under |
| 12341 | 1 | s will be introduced in 2009, and there have been discussions at a european level on setting a
|
| 12615 | 1 | ey. the research will gather data which has not been collated in this way before and will prese
|
| 10992 | 3 | biodiversity in the recent past has been increasingly affected by the replacement of na
ideal site for this project because it has had a recent from the recent small-scale excavation ges for future research. such a project has not been possible until the recent introduction of |
| 11214 | 4 | ckerel. however, the numbers of calanus have declined steadily over the last 40 years - and we
spring, summer and autumn of 2001/2 we gathered information on the distribution and abundance over the entire irminger basin. we also made routine measurements of phytoplankton pigments and oductivity measured in the sea. once we have established reliable year-round and basin-scale ph |
| 11754 | 1 | e zooplankton populations on which they feed. calanus finmarchicus is a dominant large copepod
|
| 419 | 1 | ependant human activities. it will then become possible to propose a strategy for monitoring me
|
| 7191 | 1 | migration patterns. these three regions have expressed a strong interest in pursuing a scientif
|
| 12252 | 3 | ainable development is key concept that has emerged in society over the past half-century with
stark example of this concern, where it has been calculated that if everyone lived as we do in it has been calculated that if everyone lived as we do in the uk we would need three planets, c |
| 14674 | 2 | to benefit biodiversity. these schemes have been applied in europe throughout the last decade,
mography, distribution and behaviour we have collected during our long-term study of the great |
| 12153 | 1 | by constant shepherding. over time this has become learned behaviour, passed from ewe to lamb o
|
| 15465 | 3 | ecological aspects of cetacean species has taken place, the knowledge on their trophic behavio
data for cetaceans of the gulf of cadiz has been limited by methodological questions, and was b e crucial data, but they produce only a snapshot of prey preferences and trophic niche of each |
| 7667 | 1 | for several decades, research teams have been interested in the impacts of human activities
|
| 13778 | 1 | ators since their role in the ecosystem has been severely underestimated until now.
|
| 14699 | 2 | iologic viewpoint. their bright colours have made them abundant in entomologic collections both
ilation of burnets species distribution has been made within the spanish territory to date. the |
| 10002 | 3 | nd nutrient cycling. long-term research has now shown that even larger animals in the deep sea
ep sea. similarly, biogeography studies have found that over distances approaching 100 km or mo r ocean iron fertilisation. while there has been an increase in the understanding of how climat |
| 15370 | 1 | the evolution of avian cavity nesting has been presumably favoured through the acquisition of
|
| 14507 | 1 | it has been recently proposed that avian egg coloration is
|
| 2121 | 2 | will utilise exhaustive data bases that have been assembled in pre-projects. the first dataset
lations of life-history characters that have been performed on birds. both approaches are carri |
| 14784 | 1 | ddition, intensive agricultural systems have caused a sensible diminution in the soil biodivers
|
| 12463 | 1 | commercial vessels but until now there have been few attempts to describe the general patterns
|
| 15153 | 3 | positive interactions between plants have been incorporated to the mainstream of plant commu
c conditions for seedling regeneration, has been proposed as a fundamental mechanism of communi imatic and biogeographical history that has contributed to the vast biodiversity of the region |
| 6872 | 2 | ntrast, many new international projects have been started recently, to discover new chemical co
ts intensive selection work on camomile has been started in many countries, including germany, |
| 12595 | 2 | cribing the effect that peat extraction has had and will have in the future on bog-based biodiv
alternative scenarios. peat extraction has been curtailed on a number of key sites in the uk a |
| 15487 | 2 | asitism are mayor selective forces that have modelled breeding behaviour and life-history trait
e-history traits in birds. recently, it has been suggested that, apart from lethal effects of p |
| 10599 | 2 | en reared by the host adults despite it been very different. as in all parasitic relationships
of insects. this is because the cuckoos have learnt exploit the hosts weak point by either copy |
| 9972 | 2 | en reared by the host adults despite it been very different. as in all parasitic relationships
of insects. this is because the cuckoos have learnt exploit the hosts weak point by either copy |
| 2053 | 1 | benefit to female extra-pair copulation has been identified, viz. an enhanced cellular immunoco
|
| 13503 | 2 | ss response, will be studied. the perch has lately received an increasing interest as a novel s
innate traits in individual fish, which has been found in salmonid fishes. the knowledge about |
| 14717 | 6 | behavioral flexibility has long been hypothesized to be an important driver of
d behavioral characters. however, there have been few empirical tests of this hypothesis and th diction that behavioral flexible clades have experienced a greater adaptive diversification tha ction rates and behavioural flexibility has been hypothetised to reduce this risk, we will also s can be detected more clearly, we will run more detailed comparative analyses using one of the detected more clearly, we will run more detailed comparative analyses using one of the most div |
| 10450 | 1 | dium tracing techniques for waters that have recently been in contact with sediments will provi
|
| 11595 | 6 | occurs quite commonly in parasites. we have all heard about it- hiv moved from primates into h
years ago, and swine flu and avian flu have raised our awareness of new influenza shifting fro will investigate whether the host shift has resulted in the bacterium evolving more quickly in terms of gene sequence, and whether it has evolved in terms of its ability to prosper in its n bacterium across host species which it has colonised through host switching in nature. by comp kely driven by the host shift events it has encountered in the past |
| 14996 | 2 | ce of diseases affecting man or animals have increased in the last years. one exemple is the le
f the sand flies. on the other hand, it has been predicted that, as a result of the heating of |
| 15347 | 2 | of the mankind artistic representations have been preserved in caves, tombs and crypts. the cul
ilms can be observed which are the ones involved in biodeterioration. we will try to associate |
| 12015 | 6 | d the new status of nature as patrimony have been widely studied in recent research that aims t
implications of these trends. this work has been carried out in france, and to a lesser extent gal expertise. diverse sites and topics have been the object of comparative studies, in africa, cal indications . the biodivalloc teams have taken great care to describe this plurality. the w cological processes, the research teams have been able to highlight and discuss points of tensi ting local resources and know-how. they made recommendations for adapting these tools to the sp |
| 2492 | 2 | rojected changes in global temperatures have led to widespread concern for the survival of many
opean mammals. we will combine recently developed ancient dna approaches with species distribut |
| 2493 | 4 | mings with cyclical population dynamics has taken place nearly simultaneously in much of europe
s. in northern europe population cycles have typically collapsed into low amplitude dynamics, w south europe population outbreak cycles have recently emerged. these events, which are suspecte es. this european collaborative project has been designed around five nested work packages prog |
| 12676 | 1 | buted to the common call. total budgets have not been finalised but could be in the range of 5-
|
| 7104 | 2 | ranking. we know the balance of pnr and have often taken as a model. it seems to us important t
rvices, tools applied products, we want tailored to institutional action assessment actual or p |
| 516 | 1 | we are familiar with the pnr report and have often used is as model. what we find important to
|
| 10724 | 1 | lecular biology techniques and analyses have greatly advanced the evolutionary and ecological s
|
| 11774 | 1 | ential impacts of climate change, which has been identified as a major stressor for freshwaters
|
| 10746 | 2 | t of biodiversity on ecosystem function has been a focus of recent research. spatial heterogene
versity-ecosystem function relationship have not been addressed. this project will examine the |
| 11442 | 2 | t of biodiversity on ecosystem function has been a focus of recent research. spatial heterogene
versity-ecosystem function relationship have not been addressed. this project will examine the |
| 11508 | 2 | t of biodiversity on ecosystem function has been a focus of recent research. spatial heterogene
versity-ecosystem function relationship have not been addressed. this project will examine the |
| 14846 | 3 | stricted to extreme environments but it has recently been established that the biodiversity abu
iquitous pelagic crenarchaeota play and have played an essential role in biogeochemical cycling logical and evolutionary processes that have spread crenarchaeota from their extremophilic orig |
| 14845 | 3 | stricted to extreme environments but it has recently been established that the biodiversity, ab
ous pelagic crenarchaeota play and they have played an essential role in biogeochemical cycling logical and evolutionary processes that have spread crenarchaeota from their extremophilic orig |
| 14804 | 3 | for exploring these communities in situ has hampered detailed analyses of the biofilms. however
ces in microscopy and molecular biology have made it possible to examine such communities in si cular techniques, some of them recently designed by our team, and some others to be designed al |
| 396 | 1 | from organic to conventional farming - has not been controlled in earlier studies. it is likel
|
| 11310 | 2 | and molecular studies and whether they have acquired novel genes from the dna of their food. t
ely whether the different lineages that have been suggested to belong to apusozoa truly form a |
| 15337 | 5 | ology and epidemiology of these viruses has been provided thus far. our knowledge on pv evoluti
order to understand the pressures that have driven the differential evolution of the pvs, thei the first three years it is our aim to have identified and fully sequenced ca. thirty new anim a. thirty new animal pvs, as well as to have identified and partially sequenced ca. hundred new l importance. if we can explain how pvs have evolved, then we may be able to explain the differ |
| 437 | 3 | house mouse in the mediterranean basin has been elucidated and the origin of the domestic cat
ated and the origin of the domestic cat has been found much earlier as expected. in addition, p ion, processes of biodiversity decrease have been described in several of the studied areas, an |
| 442 | 1 | for spatial covariance in the data, we found that not only local species richness can be affec
|
| 7567 | 2 | lés group. indeed, the kind penicillium has been relatively little studied in this perspective
mycotoxins food producers. the goal we set ourselves requires an analysis of inter- and intra- |
| 14821 | 2 | iveness for touristic-based development has led to a series of adverse impacts and most are sho
o date no algal- based biological index has been proposed for these transitional waters, partly |
| 7262 | 1 | ith sunken wood deep marine environment has always been perceived as a zoological curiosity. su
|
| 9933 | 1 | ric nitrogen deposition and experiments have suggested that these nutrients may reduce species
|
| 7467 | 1 | scientists and water managers have collected a vast amount of data on freshwater orga
|
| 2137 | 1 | mental change. the benthic biodiversity has been hypothesized to be closely related with variab
|
| 14419 | 2 | industrial applications. recent studies have demonstrated that flowering plants and insects eco
ology of yeasts in different ecosystems have attracted little systematic research in bulgaria. |
| 7008 | 2 | rse of this project since these insects could have had contact with mould-contaminated plants f
grading microorganisms in the intestine could have been evolved. at least 25% of the world's fo |
| 7153 | 1 | ively and qualitatively different. . it dealt specifically with the balances and imbalances to
|
| 7211 | 1 | ommercial species are they sufficiently preserved atolls intra-larval flow between atolls and t
|
| 10969 | 3 | ironmental and medical microbiology. it has recently been found that establishment and maintena
is also probable that aquatic bacteria have evolved mechanisms to disrupt the biofilms of othe gh this has not yet been documented, we have recently found that this form of competition occur |
| 13336 | 1 | scientists and water managers have collected a vast amount of data on freshwater orga
|
| 2511 | 3 | photoautotrophy and of chloroplasts. we have therefore established an experimental system to ch
isolated from dark-grown barley leaves have proven extremely valuable to study the development ll binding to the lil3 protein. the lab has acquired a unique biochemical expertise to solve ce |
| 10561 | 1 | nificant populations of micro-organisms have recently been found beneath ice masses , and may b
|
| 11672 | 1 | in global warming. while a lot of work has been done to measure these processes in temperate c
|
| 11794 | 1 | in global warming. while a lot of work has been done to measure these processes in temperate c
|
| 10920 | 1 | eration and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in
|
| 11710 | 1 | eration and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in
|
| 11811 | 1 | eration and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in
|
| 11812 | 1 | eration and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in
|
| 9904 | 1 | eration and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in
|
| 9954 | 1 | eration and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of radioactive wastes. in
|
| 15206 | 2 | tly, infections caused by this organism have come to be of great relevance in europe due to the
. recent studies carried out in galicia have revealed a significant presence and persistence of |
| 14853 | 2 | in the last years we have undergone the characterization of salinibacter rub
its natural habitat. however, and as it has been observed, salinibacter appears widely spread o |
| 11782 | 6 | ith animal and plant cells, researchers have studied it in the laboratory for decades. now s. c
and geographic locations. s. cerevisiae has been discovered in the bark of oak trees in north a various other parts of the world, they have also been found in soils from holland and finland, land and finland, but they have not yet been discovered in the oaks of europe. in a recent stud regions, then that suggests that there has been little or no admixture between these sites now n estimate of approximately how long it has been since there was reasonable mixture between the |
| 10249 | 2 | ns of vents over the past three decades have found hundreds of new animal species, revolutionis
the international census of marine life has therefore identified the swir as a priority target |
| 14706 | 1 | a number of well-dated marine barriers have occurred in it and the reptile and amphibian fauna
|
| 14505 | 1 | them are not relict species but seem to have evolved after the formation of the islands. the si
|
| 14601 | 1 | them are not relict species but seem to have evolved after the formation of the islands. the si
|
| 14937 | 1 | the blackcap . we will test predictions derived from each scenario. then, we will examine to wh
|
| 15264 | 2 | canary isles during the last decade, we have described injuries attributable to syndrome that w
juries attributable to syndrome that we have named a syndrome of strandings stress , in which c |
| 12036 | 3 | esigned to infer the routes of invasion have been developed and made available to the public. t
o the public. thanks to this method, we have highlighted an original scenario of invasion which itself an invasive population. we also highlighted a possible explanation for the success of m |
| 15074 | 1 | ow weight at delivery and pre-maturity, have resulted in decreased fertility due to changes in
|
| 2550 | 1 | he verrucomicrobia lineage of evolution has expanded our understanding of the diversity of biol
|
| 14702 | 1 | nd riparian sediments. in this sense we studied: 1 quality and quantity of material inputs in t
|
| 15280 | 4 | okaryotic freshwater plankton, but most have been unknown to limnology until recently. widespre
e distribution and functions of archaea have increased dramatically. new discoveries are likely new discoveries are likely and archaea have become one of the most exciting current topics in ic research. unfortunately, cultivation has remained elusive for most of them and no evidences |
| 15281 | 2 | ecent common component of lake plankton has gone unnoticed by the limnology up dates. only afte
lecular techniques in microbial ecology has discovered the enormous wealth and abundance of arc |
| 14575 | 2 | biological invasions have become so widespread to constitute a significant c
ever-present and by their huge number, have established a wide array of relationships with man |
| 14951 | 1 | ants have been described as centre of ecological interaction
|
| 13732 | 1 | recent advances in gene technology have been applied to create fast-growing transgenic fis
|
| 15026 | 1 | ssible cryptic species. finally we will set up the optima conditions for the development and gr
|
| 14494 | 1 | nditions. according to those premise we have established the following objectives we try to stu
|
| 15564 | 1 | elds of marine science and biodiversity have already expressed their interest in biomarks. the
|
| 11467 | 2 | highspy, our knowledge transfer partner have developed a unique, semi-autonomous aerial survey
necessary to achieve this. this system has been used to carry out environmental survey of mudf |
| 14924 | 3 | although calcium carbonate polymorphism has been extensively studied, it is still unknown the b
revious experiments, our research group has demonstrated the biomineralization ability of a soi conditions. so far, dolomite formation has only been studied in hipersaline environments, rema |
| 10797 | 2 | e, ribs, hips and knees. archaeologists have used this information to study tb in the past, but
eletons does not reveal which bacterium has caused the infection, nor which strain of either sp |
| 11565 | 2 | e, ribs, hips and knees. archaeologists have used this information to study tb in the past, but
eletons does not reveal which bacterium has caused the infection, nor which strain of either sp |
| 10459 | 1 | 5, to consult with other colleagues who have worked in the arctic. as the lomonosov ridge was a
|
| 15409 | 1 | gh it is based on the deep knowledge we have acquired of the case groups and the techniques. we
|
| 15410 | 1 | gh it is based on the deep knowledge we have acquired of the case groups and the techniques. we
|
| 11242 | 1 | roup of caribbean lizards called anoles have diversified rapidly to occupy trees, partly due to
|
| 10977 | 7 | mate change over the last million years has seen rapid fluctuations between ice ages and warmer
atures are linked with sea level - they become larger and closer to the mainland , and we will evolutionary change. until now, no one has considered the evolution of dwarf mammals in the co r these questions we will first conduct detailed examination and measurement of fossils of the nd bones will reveal whether the dwarfs had become specially adapted to the island environments cyprus where remains of dwarf elephants have been found, and conduct small excavations to produ ndure for a long time, or did they soon become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change d |
| 11166 | 7 | mate change over the last million years has seen rapid fluctuations between ice ages and warmer
atures are linked with sea level - they become larger and closer to the mainland , and we will evolutionary change. until now, no one has considered the evolution of dwarf mammals in the co r these questions we will first conduct detailed examination and measurement of fossils of the nd bones will reveal whether the dwarfs had become specially adapted to the island environments cyprus where remains of dwarf elephants have been found, and conduct small excavations to produ ndure for a long time, or did they soon become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change d |
| 9890 | 7 | mate change over the last million years has seen rapid fluctuations between ice ages and warmer
atures are linked with sea level - they become larger and closer to the mainland , and we will evolutionary change. until now, no one has considered the evolution of dwarf mammals in the co r these questions we will first conduct detailed examination and measurement of fossils of the nd bones will reveal whether the dwarfs had become specially adapted to the island environments cyprus where remains of dwarf elephants have been found, and conduct small excavations to produ ndure for a long time, or did they soon become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change d |
| 10571 | 3 | ss extinctions in the geological record have shaped the course of evolution and life on earth,
permian-triassic . all of these methods have been used successfully before, but have never been have been used successfully before, but have never been applied to studies of the boreal realm. |
| 14594 | 1 | different studies have reported that some cyanobacteria communities produ
|
| 11456 | 1 | clear predictions for a 2002/3 el niño have been made recently. we wish to make use of this ev
|
| 10859 | 1 | or seeking refugia is unknown. if they feed extensively on land, they may actively transport l
|
| 6971 | 1 | ian products. a new form of utilisation has now been conceived for the results achieved by amer
|
| 14592 | 1 | r its distribution range. it presents a exploded lek mating system that can be highly flexible
|
| 6728 | 3 | nutritive quality of crops. agrona ltd has already produced one dry pea variety with resistanc
arieties utilised for fresh markets. it has already produced middle and late ripening f4 progen ought tolerance of these breeding lines have also been tested. |
| 12032 | 1 | e mechanisms of species coexistence. we offered to invest on an exceptional effort of data coll
|
| 14899 | 1 | election by scramble competition, which has been relatively neglected in the literature.
|
| 14117 | 1 | the same time the biological diversity may have increased due to establishment of semi-natural
|
| 15430 | 1 | of vital importance. nevertheless, they have not been used frequently due to lack of data such
|
| 11064 | 8 | odelling community. this existing model has been successfully applied by the research team to a
management for these species. the model has been used to advise management of coastal shellfish hellfish are not adversely affected. it has been used to predict the effect of habitat loss thr ugh habitat creation schemes. the model has been used in the marine environment to predict the n wildlife. although the existing model has successfully advised coastal policy and management, vised coastal policy and management, it has had the major drawback that due to the technical di model and understanding its output, it has only been used by specialist modellers within the s birds, and with whom the research team have worked successfully in the past. the new software, |
| 12722 | 1 | 4 million bulbs/year. little or no work has been done to assess the impact of cites regulations
|
| 15221 | 1 | these scenarios of change, and why. it has been suggested that those species with narrower cli
|
| 10643 | 2 | r 1000 km in the subsurface, where they have been penetrated by hundreds of petroleum explorati
both subsurface and outcrop occurrences has identified an exquisite range of burgess shale-type |
| 6916 | 2 | ique, 7 million years old buried forest has been recently excavated in the bükkábrány open-pit
ation is known anywhere on earth. trees have been removed to museums for conservation. the prop |
| 12666 | 1 | rth east atlantic, irish and north seas have been adopted, which require certain levels of moni
|
| 12419 | 1 | -being. however, planning for the coast has suffered from a lack of coordinated thinking. given
|
| 12059 | 1 | riability of the environment and how it has interacted with the marked increase in human influe
|
| 15290 | 1 | functioning of the agroecosystems as it has been recognised by the new cap. hedgerows contribut
|
| 9865 | 1 | portant in western human diet. our food has been profoundly changed by two revolutions ; the in
|
| 11116 | 2 | l or physical signals in lake sediments have responded to changes in climate in the region that
o changes in climate in the region that have been documented, we can apply these methods to go |
| 1093 | 4 | ifferent lineages. the clock hypothesis has been extremely powerful for determining evolutionar
er, the data accumulated over the years have revealed considerable variation in the rate of mol evolution among lineages. many factors have been pointed as among the most likely sources of a ular clock issues because they may form simplified communities in which population parameters m |
| 11244 | 1 | past, scientists study sediment, which has accumulated on the bottom of lakes and oceans for t
|
| 11321 | 1 | past, scientists study sediment, which has accumulated on the bottom of lakes and oceans for t
|
| 10569 | 1 | which humans are not receptive, and so have overlooked. i propose that the use of chemical inf
|
| 7025 | 1 | nd rehabilitation measures because they have shaped the current geomorphological setting of ret
|
| 13710 | 2 | sed by changes in agricultural land-use have negatively affected many plants and animals. shore
. shorebirds breeding on wet grasslands have particularly suffered from these changes. even if |
| 11102 | 4 | of a species over whole landscapes. it has shown that the populations of many animals . the th
opulations of many animals . the theory has been highly influential in encouraging ecologists t s of habitat patches in a landscape. it has also proved important in understanding and predicti non-native species. however, the theory has been controversial. while it is accepted generally |
| 10632 | 3 | nto new species in the past researchers have considered that changes in food availability, or i
f parasites in driving local adaptation has not been examined. in this project i will explore w variation among stickleback populations has been particularly well characterised in western can |
| 10045 | 3 | xide emissions by humans. many attempts have been made to derive economic benefits from tropica
forests. however, recently a new system has emerged: the idea that by creating a market and giv requires an interdisciplinary team. we have therefore assembled a broad range of university, n |
| 201 | 2 | ifferent ecosystems, including forests, has been an actual topic around the world. in the world
l as in estonia, several investigations have been carried out for adequate estimation of the po |
| 14118 | 1 | e concentration and disturbance regimes have been occurring for decades in the global boreal fo
|
| 2124 | 1 | imal interactions, such as pollination, has received considerable attention with regards to its
|
| 10891 | 3 | trimental effects of species extinction has led to a large research effort in recent years to d
by species loss. most of these studies have manipulated the number of species at single trophi isms by which these effects occur. this has far reaching relevance for conservation biology and |
| 12480 | 2 | pace. the concept of ecosystem services has been developed internationally by the millenium eco
s. defras natural environment programme has already undertaken considerable work in this area, |
| 11744 | 1 | we have recently proposed that there is a need for a new d
|
| 2154 | 4 | l areas of the norwegian coast. surveys have found that the sugar kelp forests have disappeared
have found that the sugar kelp forests have disappeared from large areas of the sheltered arch carpet of silty turf algae. this event has been given great attention by scientists and enviro orities and several possible hypotheses have been suggested, including eutrophication and clima |
| 14928 | 3 | placement of many species, some of them become invasive in the new region. invasive species may
gical invasions. in the last decades it has been an important advance on the first question; ho invasive species, while less attention has been paid to the ability of successful establishmen |
| 2538 | 2 | o ecological and evolutionary processes has been to account for fluctuations in age structure.
we will use a novel modelling framework based on the concept of the total reproductive value of |
| 11338 | 1 | , the sex ratio distortion they produce has been suggested as driving the ecology and evolution
|
| 10687 | 13 | ghout its history, the climate on earth has fluctuated from episodes of extensive glaciation an
conditions may appear, earth s climate has nevertheless remained within the bounds that have a theless remained within the bounds that have allowed life to continue for a few thousand millio ions of years. however, recent research has shown that there have been a number episodes in the r, recent research has shown that there have been a number episodes in the past when temperatur n the past when temperatures world-wide have suddenly soared over intervals as short as a few t ecies suddenly died out. equally, there have been relatively short periods when the earth sudde around 50 million years ago, and which has continued to the present day. despite its great imp d out this information, and where is it recorded the sediments that are deposited in the world sms. the composition of these sediments has changed over time in response to changing environme en infer how temperature and weathering have varied over this interval. a succession of sedimen g period about 14 million years ago. we have already completed a successful pilot study that ha completed a successful pilot study that has established an outline geochemistry and an accurate |
| 14792 | 1 | t in plants. until recently, this trait has been considered as fairly constant within species,
|
| 10731 | 2 | al costs, and in fish, individuals that have undergone a period of growth compensation tend to
s not understood. there is also nothing known about individual variation in the compensatory gr |
| 14819 | 2 | hat in order to rehabilitate soils that have lost a great part of their biodiversity is needed
lsystems in the mediterranean area that have suffered different sorts of degradation. the effec |
| 12383 | 1 | r mwd. in fy05/06, from the £480k, £90k has been transferred to cover replacement charter days
|
| 13749 | 1 | fertilization, including n amendments, has been proposed as a mean to sequester c in forest ec
|
| 13848 | 3 | ran native to the ponto-caspian region, has established permanent populations in the baltic sea
tal areas of the northern baltic proper has changed substantially after the invasion. with the implies that the invasion by cercopagis has resulted in a general food web change. to provide e |
| 12309 | 1 | eather events. recent defra-funded work has emphasised the importance of arable crop disease co
|
| 440 | 2 | large geographic and specific scale, we developed a data base, plantraits, with which it is pos
. during the course of this project, we entered 19 725 censuses in the data base; those censuse |
| 14949 | 2 | techniques. most research on this topic has been carried out in n europe, the us and the arctic
rranean ecosystems, very few scientists have attempted to manipulate rainfall patterns as predi |
| 14175 | 1 | ical data only we think that they still affected distribution of faunas and can be traced via d
|
| 7156 | 1 | eir partners worked. it will ultimately made available for consultation via a website
|
| 11062 | 8 | marine resources means that they should have been a conspicuous component of prehistoric coasta
cent critiques of these interpretations have noted that they are at odds with the archaeologica icant recent findings in our laboratory have revealed a new way to detect the processing of mar of years later. until now, marine fats have been difficult to identify since the diagnostic co e very rapidly upon burial. however, we have recently identified several new classes of highly sist over archaeological timescales. we have also shown that amino acids surviving in pottery c ites where marine resource exploitation would have continued alongside the introduction of farm la; in the latter recent investigations have suggested both the adoption of neolithic tradition |
| 10349 | 1 | the dynamics of mature tropical forests have changed in the late 20th century - long-term fores
|
| 11786 | 1 | the dynamics of mature tropical forests have changed in the late 20th century - long-term fores
|
| 11463 | 2 | versity, is poorly characterised and we have little understanding of their ecological role. cul
being present in most environments. we have cultured several novel non-extremophilic, putative |
| 11802 | 2 | versity, is poorly characterised and we have little understanding of their ecological role. cul
being present in most environments. we have cultured several novel non-extremophilic, putative |
| 12514 | 2 | tify why certain business opportunities have been successful and why others have failed. finall
ies have been successful and why others have failed. finally, the economic barriers to market e |
| 11476 | 1 | consumed in the marine environment. we have recently isolated a number of novel mebr-degrading
|
| 12185 | 1 | defra have identified compaction in grasslands as an importan
|
| 11625 | 1 | ver several scales. remote sensing data has tackled these scaling issues with some success but
|
| 13465 | 2 | r of subspecies, which are estimated to have diverged and spread across africa and eurasia arou
y, the management of colonies by humans has resulted in artificial selection for desirable trai |
| 15181 | 7 | ons. mortality associated to this virus has reached values as high as 60 and 83%, which has lea
since 2001, severe outbreaks of disease have been reported in three important protected areas, otected areas, while in other areas, we have not observed the disease or there have been only i have not observed the disease or there have been only isolated cases of disease. we have studi been only isolated cases of disease. we have studied more than 100 affected chamois, in which w than 100 affected chamois, in which we have identified the same virus. thus, we have kept thes ave identified the same virus. thus, we have kept these viruses and samples from affected chamo |
| 7509 | 1 | dies based on typing of virulence genes have shown, however quon could classify the majority of
|
| 7501 | 1 | ts of edible species of mushroom paris, has recently been proposed. against all odds, the xanth
|
| 15334 | 2 | self-sterile from the asteraceae , who proposed a predictive model for gen s diversity in stea
, hard to be checked. a crosses program has also been planned in order to analyze divergence co |
| 14588 | 1 | different zones. however, most of them have not been addecuately characterized with dna marker
|
| 157 | 1 | oastal sea the total importance of them has been heavily underestimated so far. small amount of
|
| 14858 | 3 | ish ministery of science and technology has financed the project biogeographycal study of the f
n morocco . once the project ended, it has been verified that on spite of the previous prepara rms used in the identification keys. it has been estimated in two year the time needed for the |
| 15147 | 3 | , recent experimental and field studies have demonstrated that many aquatic organisms, includin
es emitted by predators. recent studies have also demonstrated the importance of non-consumptiv to date, few chemicals released by fish have been fully characterized in terms of origin, relea |
| 11191 | 2 | riable, suggesting that lake vostok too has had a variable chemical composition in the past. th
n for this observation is that the lake has expanded and contracted as the antarctic ice sheet |
| 13530 | 2 | ments, but during the last decades they have increased in frequency with anthropogenic impacts
the unknown allelopathic compounds that have been shown to be exuded from dinoflagellates, with |
| 10478 | 1 | ion genomics and qtl mapping approaches have recently contributed significantly to detecting re
|
| 11703 | 1 | ion genomics and qtl mapping approaches have recently contributed significantly to detecting re
|
| 10316 | 1 | h of the polar front. we will conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of four contrasting
|
| 10551 | 1 | h of the polar front. we will conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of four contrasting
|
| 10781 | 1 | h of the polar front. we will conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of four contrasting
|
| 11308 | 1 | h of the polar front. we will conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of four contrasting
|
| 11568 | 1 | h of the polar front. we will conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of four contrasting
|
| 11828 | 1 | h of the polar front. we will conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of four contrasting
|
| 15320 | 1 | ameters to the cytomic techniques, that have developed and been applied in our laboratory durin
|
| 6866 | 2 | ngary to which the applying researchers have been preparing systematically since 1996. on the b
compiled on the basis of this research has been prepared in hungary so far. thus the knowledge |
| 14187 | 1 | t of metazooplankton. previous research has given assumption that the ciliate-metazooplankton l
|
| 13439 | 2 | climate-induced changes in hydrography have affected the phytoplankton community in the past a
rographic parameters. we will construct coupled physical-biological model to investigate and ch |
| 7036 | 1 | ocene extinctions and range shifts that have resulted in the vegetation patterns and world dive
|
| 12658 | 1 | there has been an increasing trade in birds of prey from guin
|
| 14157 | 2 | rease in environmental pressures, which has not been fully surveyed, in particular using life c
tion studies is innovative; the subject has become especially acute due to the intensive urban |
| 230 | 2 | later on, only the subfamily sterrhinae has been revised on global scale, and regional reviews
in state museums during the last decade have accumulated rich material from all the zoogeograph |
| 14313 | 1 | global studies of historical land use have focused on large-scale landscape modifications tha
|
| 2013 | 1 | ate biomass. most deforestation studies have focussed on socio-economic factors that ultimately
|
| 2030 | 1 | elease and evolution of invasive plants have been rarely, if ever, considered from a combined a
|
| 10007 | 1 | ments documents in detail how the earth has responded to millions of years of climate change an
|
| 10476 | 4 | not surprisingly, habitat fragmentation has become one of the most intensively-studied phenomen
habitat fragmentation in marine systems have barely been considered. there are several reasons tudying fragmentation in marine systems have recently been lifted. the research team is multi-d unded by nerc, the university of exeter has committed to fund an inter-disciplinary phd student |
| 2006 | 1 | r their high number of species. samples have been taken over more than 100 years resulting in v
|
| 10044 | 1 | mporal changes in community composition have been of the same magnitude across the region. 2 te
|
| 7479 | 4 | ng the last years, much new information has been gathered in large eu-funded research, but to d
research, but to date this information has not been synthesized nor has it become an important ion has not been synthesized nor has it become an important part of public knowledge. the aim o es will build upon recent experience as has been gathered within eu-funded research to communic |
| 12660 | 1 | y a range of migratory species. it also identified the need for standardised protocols for data
|
| 13773 | 1 | ature shows yearly variation, organisms have evolved phenotypic plasticity in their breeding-ti
|
| 2000 | 1 | global carbon cycling. experiments that have been carried out so far were too short to study th
|
| 14737 | 2 | although many studies have considered the effects of climate change on ecosys
y climatic manipulation experiments. we have collected data along several years from one of the |
| 482 | 2 | xtinction rates of european butterflies have exceeded those of birds and higher plants by an or
rder of magnitude in recent decades. we have also shown that butterflies are accurate indicator |
| 12592 | 2 | climate change has been identified by the draft soil strategy for engl
e still poorly understood. some studies have shown that there are complex relationships between |
| 10889 | 3 | ystem level. for example warmer weather has brought forward the timing of spring activities suc
his bloom as a result of climate change have been demonstrated and shown to have significant ef tremely important. intertidal barnacles have made a superb model organism for studies of larval |
| 2179 | 5 | mes leads to extensive forest death. we have recently made two discoveries that suggest that di
titude, coast-near forest in nw norway, has expanded its outbreak range to reach the altitudina northern norway, agriopis aurantiaria, has rapidly become abundant as to inflict forest damage se changing distributions of geometrids have coincided with a period of increasingly earlier sp we hypothesize that the earlier springs have provided a spreading phenological match between th |
| 13612 | 1 | opean mammals. we will combine recently developed ancient dna approaches with species distribut
|
| 15565 | 1 | opean mammals. we will combine recently developed ancient dna approaches with species distribut
|
| 10413 | 2 | xtinction rates of european butterflies have exceeded those of birds and higher plants by an or
rder of magnitude in recent decades. we have also shown that butterflies are accurate indicator |
| 13747 | 2 | xtinction rates of european butterflies have exceeded those of i;-:« |||;| birds and higher pla
rder of magnitude in recent decades. we have also shown that butterflies are accurate indicator |
| 15566 | 2 | xtinction rates of european butterflies have exceeded those of birds and higher plants by an or
rder of magnitude in recent decades. we have also shown that butterflies are accurate indicator |
| 6736 | 2 | genetic research in recent years has clarified the molecular genetic basis of a number o
s in our thinking on hcm. although much has been clarified regarding the pathologic base of the |
| 14266 | 1 | they can gain benefit from each others input, knowledge, way of thinking and synergy. the prop
|
| 12588 | 1 | workshops commissioned by uk government have suggested the need to collate uk data on soil carb
|
| 14958 | 3 | and systematic placement of these fungi have been frustrated by the difficulty of securing suff
known 98 genera of lichenicolous fungi have yet been the subject of such studies. in many lich in material from different host lichens has been used to recognize different species. the proje |
| 10137 | 1 | e the industrial revolution, the oceans have restricted the extent of global warming by taking
|
| 11019 | 1 | e the industrial revolution, the oceans have restricted the extent of global warming by taking
|
| 15028 | 1 | relationships- on the coastal ecosystem have received little attention. nevertheless, the inter
|
| 14317 | 2 | disciplinary studies on the congo river have been carried out, such an approach is the prerequi
em. a large number of conceptual models have been developed over the past decades to describe t |
| 13823 | 1 | aphic mosaic theory of coevolution that have led to predictions regarding the maintenance of bi
|
| 14549 | 1 | s, a subject in which our research team has made relevant contributions finally, we will try to
|
| 11545 | 1 | us new insights. this completed genome has allowed the creation of chips, upon which we can si
|
| 11678 | 1 | us new insights. this completed genome has allowed the creation of chips, upon which we can si
|
| 14940 | 1 | ention to the ecological processes that could have produced incogruence in cophylogenetic patte
|
| 13455 | 2 | way a large proportion of natural reefs have been damaged by trawling, and ocean acidification
le 6 previously known reefs in the area have gone extinct. as natural recovery of damaged reefs |
| 12715 | 1 | sions of reactive nitrogen gases. there have been a considerable number of research studies foc
|
| 13386 | 1 | mportant forage crop specie and no work has been conducted on it at molecular level. in this st
|
| 13578 | 3 | pulations of many boreal forest species have declined dramatically in landscapes dominated by f
establish new populations in sites that have become climatically suitable compensating for the compensating for the loss in sites that have become unsuitable. colonization is also crucial to |
| 13462 | 3 | pulations of many boreal forest species have declined dramatically in landscapes dominated by f
establish new populations in sites that have become climatically suitable compensating for the compensating for the loss in sites that have become unsuitable. colonization is also crucial to |
| 15321 | 1 | strial analogues of the conditions that could have existed during the last stages of possible l
|
| 15339 | 1 | pollinator for which the visual system has been studied in any depth is the honey bee, apis me
|
| 9857 | 4 | atic measurements of climatic variables have only been collected over the last few decades but
few decades but we need to know how it varied through longer periods of time. we particularly e our understanding of how bioprovinces have migrated north/south as the glacial cycles have co rated north/south as the glacial cycles have come and gone. do different cryptic species appear |
| 9892 | 4 | atic measurements of climatic variables have only been collected over the last few decades but
few decades but we need to know how it varied through longer periods of time. we particularly e our understanding of how bioprovinces have migrated north/south as the glacial cycles have co rated north/south as the glacial cycles have come and gone. do different cryptic species appear |
| 15077 | 1 | s of the y-chromosome genetic diversity has been shown to be useful to ascertain phylogenetic r
|
| 14898 | 2 | al fauna through modern molecular tools has been almost inexistent. the project here proposed c
taxonomical issues. the groups to study have been selected according to their endemicity, risk |
| 2150 | 2 | concerns have been raised about the impact of bottom trawling on
e to deep-water coral reefs by trawlers have led to the closure of areas and initiated mapping |
| 11119 | 3 | e study of plant-invertebrate relations has been dominated by antagonistic interactions, specif
. in contrast, cooperative interactions have received little attention, although some studies h little attention, although some studies have shown that plants use chemical signals to promote |
| 11836 | 1 | s province and close to localities that have yielded the earliest semiaquatic angiosperms plus
|
| 10402 | 2 | hich are severe. some of these bacteria have been proposed as a means by which harmful insects
ss the extent to which these two groups have exchanged bacteria, and test several hypotheses ab |
| 10333 | 1 | osms. using one such microecosystem, we demonstrated that the connectivity of landscape patches
|
| 9936 | 1 | ively, in freshwater and marine systems has never been rigorously tested, yet it forms the basi
|
| 10701 | 1 | ively, in freshwater and marine systems has never been rigorously tested, yet it forms the basi
|
| 15499 | 3 | er, the process of artificial selection has been scarcely explored by evolutionary ecologists,
certain compromises in plant functions have arisen during domestication of certain species, bu rates than their wild ancestors we will run three sets of experiments to address each of the th |
| 15403 | 6 | equences that this type of bio-invasion has had on other islands devoid of large herbivores. th
erbivorous of the balearic islands that have occurred over time, the extinct myotragus balearic othesis is that the balearian wild goat would have occupied and expanded the trophic niche of m es and for reasons of genetic isolation would have been differentiated from the current domesti onment of traditional livestock farming has led to the feral domestic goat, which would be comp and habitat use of the last. finally we expected to calculate the diet overlapping between both |
| 10195 | 1 | gorilla, orangutan and man. the project has been designed to reveal the changes in genome archi
|
| 13709 | 1 | ing all naturally infect drosophila and have been chosen based on their phylogenetic relationsh
|
| 10525 | 2 | senophonus nasoniae, is a parasite, and has been sequenced previously. in this project, we will
that are shared by the two bacteria but have diverged significantly are likely essential to man |
| 14220 | 1 | and biodiversity research. differences have been noted in temporal abundance patterns of insec
|
| 14131 | 6 | gical and climatological phenomena that have generated the current distribution of biodiversity
compare codistributed populations that have been independently subjected to the same environme r, to date the vast majority of studies have focused on single species, and there has been a gl ve focused on single species, and there has been a glaring lack of work identifying phylogeogra ecosystems. until now, very few studies have been published in this field and this is especiall and post-glacial migration patterns, we have chosen for comparison mammal species including bro |
| 14813 | 1 | ecies of ecologic and economic interest have been selected for their use in restoring ornamenta
|
| 10008 | 4 | ecies of centipedes. these five species have been chosen to represent all major groups of centi
as a toxin. preliminary work, however, has suggested that centipede venom may contain many tox of genes the toxin genes in centipedes have evolved. since there were no centipede data availa ly, by looking at what kinds of changes have occurred in the toxin sequences, and in which part |
| 10792 | 1 | imentary rock remains preserved on land have highlighted just how variable that record is from
|
| 11569 | 1 | imentary rock remains preserved on land have highlighted just how variable that record is from
|
| 2478 | 4 | d function of these ecosystems. society has recognized that living marine resources require man
t undertaking between norway and the us financed by the rcn. it conducted marine ecosystem comp rway and the us financed by the rcn. it conducted marine ecosystem comparisons based primarily lopments needed, but the atlantis model has not been set up for norwegian waters, and developin |
| 12617 | 2 | hange was suggested. subsequent studies have shown climate change probably was in part responsi
tly results from the countryside survey have been reported by ceh, and these fail to detect the |
| 10595 | 1 | it has long been accepted that individuals should behave m
|
| 14656 | 3 | is decline and in recent years interest has been directed to global phenomena. one of the princ
traviolet b radiation on the amphibians have been demonstrated in different works; however, it ence of uv-b. moreover, studies in fish have demonstrated that slightly saline environments can |
| 7720 | 1 | in the humid tropics have enabled the development of high human densities in
|
| 11302 | 4 | s. but contrary to these predictions we have shown that orangutans actually walk bipedally , or
l bipedalism is increasingly thought to have been a fundamental component of the locomotor repe hat bipedality evolved in the trees and has been present to some extent since the split from th ecord, since adaptations for bipedality have traditionally been taken to define human ancestors |
| 11309 | 4 | s. but contrary to these predictions we have shown that orangutans actually walk bipedally , or
l bipedalism is increasingly thought to have been a fundamental component of the locomotor repe hat bipedality evolved in the trees and has been present to some extent since the split from th ecord, since adaptations for bipedality have traditionally been taken to define human ancestors |
| 11831 | 4 | s. but contrary to these predictions we have shown that orangutans actually walk bipedally , or
l bipedalism is increasingly thought to have been a fundamental component of the locomotor repe hat bipedality evolved in the trees and has been present to some extent since the split from th ecord, since adaptations for bipedality have traditionally been taken to define human ancestors |
| 10181 | 6 | ork, including that funded by the nero, has revealed that this species is a cooperative breeder
n the territory where they help, and it has been shown that female eggs tend to be produced in ls that they help to raise. however, we have recently discovered that the main benefit of helpi mains on the territory but their mother has died. individual seychelles warblers therefore have leave home or stay to help, should they feed and protect the chick at the nest a lot or a littl n to our understanding of how organisms have evolved to exploit the environment, this knowledge |
| 10563 | 3 | . a large number of evolutionary models have been proposed to account for why societies vary in
population of banded mongooses that we have studied for the last eleven years. this species is e cared for by adults of both sexes. we have shown in a pilot study that we can use short-actin |
| 11690 | 3 | . a large number of evolutionary models have been proposed to account for why societies vary in
population of banded mongooses that we have studied for the last eleven years. this species is e cared for by adults of both sexes. we have shown in a pilot study that we can use short-actin |
| 11435 | 2 | to evolutionary ecologists. the theory has proved very successful in explaining social phenome
reasons for the failures of the theory have been proposed. the first is that social interactio |
| 13337 | 1 | nt options given the genetic data which have been produced. wp5 will provide a knowledge pack a
|
| 15241 | 1 | ecological research in coastal waters has experienced a great development in recent years. ho
|
| 10279 | 1 | rsal and observed genetic diversity. we have sampled the genetic diversity of m. annularis thro
|
| 10267 | 2 | o exploit the host. in return, the host has evolved genes which code for resistance mechanisms
if you keep a particular organism under controlled conditions in the laboratory it may, for exa |
| 10185 | 4 | ions should be promoted. recent studies have provided some support for these predictions, but w
e support for these predictions, but we have no understanding of how variation in selection has rstanding of how variation in selection has changed the genetic relationships between males and fruitfly, drosophila pseudoobscura, we have selected for four replicate populations each havin |
| 13879 | 1 | eclines of bumblebees and solitary bees have been attributed to agricultural intensification. t
|
| 14947 | 2 | ing sexual selection. previous projects have put forward that the polygynous mating system of r
usly acknowleged. on the other hand, we have also found that the degree of polygyny can be mold |
| 7220 | 3 | ontact with human populations, seabirds have always been operated or used. harvest eggs, huntin
t recently ecotourism and biomonitoring have developed and provide a new economic value to seab ystem services rendered by seabirds. we have indeed formed a multidisciplinary team including b |
| 7471 | 1 | nt options given the genetic data which have been produced. wp5 will provide a knowledge pack a
|
| 13529 | 1 | ing programs focused on wild population have been initiated, and it is largely unclear how such
|
| 225 | 1 | erent numbers and population densities, have been seldom studied.
|
| 9916 | 1 | microsatellite loci in 503 samples that have already been collected from 15 countries, includin
|
| 14829 | 1 | years several conservation initiatives have been implemented or proposed, including captive br
|
| 13413 | 1 | knowledge about these breeds.the breeds have been conserved ex situ in vivo method in lalahan c
|
| 13416 | 1 | the sheep has been conserved in situ conditions with the project
|
| 13412 | 1 | with a high risk of extinction. project has been launched in 1995 by general directorate of agr
|
| 6959 | 3 | cological research on species behaviour have uncovered different types of responses to environm
diversity, as well as species diversity has been shown to enhance ecosystem resistance to distu te change, and, in certain biotopes, it has been shown to provide protection against invasive s |
| 7711 | 1 | eat. intensive production models, which has specialized and simplified promoted and restructuri
|
| 10436 | 2 | a patchy world are themselves patchily distributed wherever they compete to exploit limiting r
ceptual models for which new hypotheses have been developed recently but still await testing. r |
| 12611 | 1 | technology selection and whether these have changed over the last decade, and also suggest lik
|
| 10622 | 3 | they provide to the two sexes. research has focused on the amount of parental care parents prov
rovide to different sexed offspring and has found parents to invest differentially in offspring ffspring. results from our own research have shown that parents invest differently in different |
| 11027 | 1 | lobal scale. short term ecological data have only been accumulating for a few decades now . we
|
| 10404 | 7 | iodiversity has many components, and we have recently shown that community composition , rather
species or intraspecific diversity. we have shown that the number of individuals in a communit abilities of specific plant species. we have also shown that the number of genotypes per specie oot-fungal diversity, and other studies have also demonstrated that key plant traits related to f known genetic and species composition have been assembled and maintained since 2004.these mes ntained since 2004.these mesocosms also have imposed on them defined soil treatments to mimic t ese mesocosms also have imposed on them defined soil treatments to mimic the variation that occ |
| 12714 | 1 | of protected areas. significant effort has been put in place by the brazilian government, over
|
| 12720 | 1 | tory of trees and woodland. the project has been developed in partnership with natural england,
|
| 15483 | 2 | members outside the context of breeding has been neglected so far in cooperatively breeding soc
ne, where helping behaviour at the nest has been deeply studied by our research group in the la |
| 11322 | 1 | to conduct the laboratory analyses and have demonstrated the feasibility of all necessary prot
|
| 13821 | 1 | rofound fitness influences. we recently showed that fish in familiar groups are less aggressive
|
| 11587 | 2 | rom the fishing industry. that approach has been found wanting with many stocks fished at unsus
t unsustainable levels. the way forward has been to recognise that we need to manage using an e |
| 2483 | 2 | y so colourful. traditionally, the view has been that reef fish colours are selected mainly for
ively supported in other animal groups, has largely been neglected for coral reef fishes. unlik |
| 10653 | 2 | ary biology, because unrelated lineages have acquired very similar appearances to match their c
switch determining the colour morph. we have identified a particular gene region and a potentia |
| 11274 | 3 | y, the inner ears of living vertebrates have been studied intensively in terms of their soft an
biological implications of ear function have been investigated thoroughly. the soft tissues are e at the back of the skull. few studies have attempted to seek correlations between the propert |
| 10073 | 1 | rch in which reproduction and longevity have apparently been uncoupled , challenges this idea.
|
| 12598 | 2 | ge. peat use in soil improver materials has almost ceased but the growing media industry is sti
ormulations where possible. the project has been designed to address two key objectives: object |
| 10042 | 2 | n alternative paradigm, albeit one that has been difficult to realize, is that managers focus o
y should be sustainable. to date, there have been few demonstrations of this approach even thou |
| 7195 | 1 | luding intensification and abandonment, have led to a significant change in biodiversity, commo
|
| 10726 | 1 | p, or did it live in the trees could it run up tree trunks flapping its wings like partridges d
|
| 14427 | 1 | conditions for housing research animals have improved dramatically. unfortunately during the pa
|
| 10508 | 1 | to accomplish these objectives we have set up a consortium of taxonomists and taxonomy en
|
| 10509 | 1 | to accomplish these objectives we have set up a consortium of taxonomists and taxonomy en
|
| 10706 | 1 | to accomplish these objectives we have set up a consortium of taxonomists and taxonomy en
|
| 11007 | 1 | to accomplish these objectives we have set up a consortium of taxonomists and taxonomy en
|
| 229 | 1 | dly interface and distributed on cd. it has inspired several isi web science and other peer-rev
|
| 11455 | 1 | nts. the second aim is to test how they formed, by detailed mapping of their morphology and geo
|
| 6895 | 1 | nt serovariants. salmonella rfah mutant have recently been reported as live vaccines capable of
|
| 444 | 4 | cale habitat perturbation. to do so, we used a very large scale land-cover and an independent b
ds by song or visual contacts. we first showed that landscape perturbation had a strong impact ty richness and composition. we further focused on landscape artificialization, which is a majo or perturbation occurring in france. we showed that landscape artificialization was a good pred |
| 7160 | 1 | r less urbanized and between sites that have undergone urbanization more or less pronounced in
|
| 11036 | 1 | ration where geological formations that may have had conditions conducive to petroleum biodegra
|
| 7549 | 1 | ograms. resistance apex citrus freezing has been shown but cryopreservation techniques will be
|
| 7539 | 2 | rvation of latent buds is a method that has already shown interest in the long-term security of
, for which extremely promising results have already been obtained from the vine. in this proje |
| 10593 | 2 | er bird species learning by cuckoos: we have discovered that not only have cuckoos evolved a we
we will also do experiments in which we broadcast various cuckoo begging calls to different hos |
| 10059 | 2 | success. for example, field experiments have shown that rejection of odd-looking eggs by hosts
rejection of odd-looking eggs by hosts has driven the evolution of cuckoo eggs that perfectly |
| 13399 | 1 | these mushrooms in cultural conditions have been studied.
|
| 2116 | 1 | foraging in the agricultural landscapes have intensified. finding optimal solutions for these c
|
| 2542 | 1 | e - how people comprehend what they see based on cultural models and social conditions; valuati
|
| 15522 | 2 | the main limiting factor and management has historically had an important effect on landscape t
a long history of human management that may have conditioned and limited these current patterns |
| 9908 | 2 | our previous studies have revealed the presence of many different genotypes
intenance of this genetic diversity. we have also shown that about 60% of cultured nodularia is |
| 14961 | 1 | our team has worked on the systematics and evolution of the aste
|
| 14556 | 1 | our team has worked on the systematics and evolution of the aste
|
| 14557 | 1 | our team has worked on the systematics and evolution of the aste
|
| 14962 | 1 | our team has worked on the systematics and evolution of the aste
|
| 13316 | 1 | ctive control of invasive alien species has been hampered by: a the lack of monitoring for alie
|
| 12452 | 2 | o describe how fish feeding preferences have changed in the last century and understand how cha
stry. although fishing mortality on cod has increased significantly there is no evidence of a c |
| 10304 | 3 | new genetic techniques have led to a massively increased volume of data across
years, the tools to do these two things have become available and we are in a position to wrap rapidly the large amounts of data that have been generated by three nerc-funded projects. comb |
| 12253 | 2 | defra have spent many million pounds over several decades res
hese data provide the core dataset that has underpinned the current edition of defras fertilise |
| 12237 | 1 | questions now and for the future. defra has previously funded annual monitoring of disease and
|
| 10302 | 4 | of the european upper palaeolithic. it has been critical in defining cultural groupings and su
gs and successions, and in recent years has been incorporated into discussions of cultural resp to the climatic background. radiocarbon has been used to provide dates for the organic pigments the run up to the last glacial maximum have been revealed by marine sediment and ice cores. we |
| 11681 | 1 | , and permission to sample the calcites has been granted by the hominid access committee. the p
|
| 13788 | 1 | wood-fungi. many species of wood-fungi have declined for unknown reasons, but it is possible t
|
| 11080 | 8 | with neanderthals in places where they met. since speciation happens over evolutionary timesca
identifying regions of the genome that may have been under selection both between and within s more rapidly from close relatives that have already evolved this trait than through independen ries requires large amounts of data and has proven notoriously difficult. with the rapid advanc ia, d. mauritiana and d. santomea which have split from their mainland ancestors relatively rec species are unique because lab studies have revealed much about the genetic basis of a large r nt gene flow during or after divergence has been. the new statistical method will allow me to c ecies on islands closer to the mainland have experienced more genetic exchange with their mainl |
| 13856 | 1 | the risk of predation, a question that has received little attention yet.
|
| 11823 | 4 | how changes to patterns of development have produced the branching events in the tree of life.
such hypotheses but, traditionally, it has been silent in such debates because of a dearth of ical stage to another. these challenges have led to wildly differing interpretations of which a , and whether the pattern of embryology has evolved between the fossil embryos and their living |
| 1993 | 1 | recent climate warming has been shown to advance the seasonal timing of life c
|
| 7302 | 1 | ecies and risk factors. island avifauna have strongly suffered from the impact of invasive spec
|
| 7677 | 1 | oversy surrounding fisheries management has become a high-profile debate amongst the internatio
|
| 1952 | 1 | lation of data for the incubation phase has recently shown that parental energy expenditure dur
|
| 11192 | 1 | exposing it to solar radiation when it has left the insect. utilising viruses deficient in one
|
| 10343 | 3 | el of the 16s rdna gene, which thus far has phylogenetically defined at least ten distinct line
ast ten distinct lineages or clades. we have previously proposed that this phylogenetic heterog cular ecological work from my lab which has demonstrated distinct spatial distributions of thes |
| 11440 | 9 | n this planet. a wide range of theories have been put forward to explain this event and many of
to explain this event and many of these have focussed on the way life went extinct in the ocean y life went extinct in the oceans. this has left a significant gap in our understanding of how two events in particular are thought to have contributed to this colossal loss of life on earth is colossal loss of life on earth. both may have involved the release of large amounts of damag our recent research at leeds university has shown that the amount of oxygen in the worlds ocean oceans. this huge mixing of the oceans may have released hydrogen sulphide to the atmosphere. where it came from, and what effect it had on the animals and plants. the mud at the bottom of ries of lake muds of the right age that have been collected from nw china. this will let us see |
| 12682 | 1 | c habitats on previously developed land have recently been included in the new list of ukbap pr
|
| 7638 | 1 | usly but where it was eliminated or she disappeared
|
| 12637 | 5 | eed and fibre. in the last 20 yrs defra has commissioned research to provide evidence on which
xpensive with half of england’s farmers having seen soil erosion on their land, which costs bri ost of flooding due to soil degradation has been conservatively estimated at between £29 millio iety as a whole. both england and wales have developed plans to protect their soils, in order t can be sustainably managed. these plans have highlighted important gaps in our knowledge of the |
| 15490 | 1 | e almost non-existent and most research has focused on invertebrates. four aspects make this fi
|
| 541 | 5 | onmental variability and climate change have affected and will affect ecosystems and population
c parameters. the funding from gicc-ifb has allowed the climpop group to hire a post doc bridgi ral analyses on a series of vertebrates have been carried out on the link between large-scale a dynamics. in addition the climpop group has carried out a major methodological paper reviewing l probability in vertebrate populations has been addressed, to evaluate whether the results fro |
| 7187 | 2 | invasions usually. in this project, we have sought to develop a comparative approach, focusing
on other programs we are conducting or have conducted, allowing a multidisciplinary and integr |
| 15160 | 1 | many spanish research groups have used demographic and population models applied to
|
| 14578 | 1 | ns, located in an area where boundaries have moved east and westwards during the tweintieth cen
|
| 15197 | 6 | of females nesting in southern florida has declined 37% since 1998, although the numbers of gr
ack turtles nesting in the same beaches have increased. as a consequence, the reason for the de the highest rates of long-line by-catch have been recorded in the western mediterranean and the rt. recent studies with genetic markers have demonstrated that large numbers of loggerhead sea iterranean peaked in the early 1990, it has been suggested that the steep decline observed sinc western mediterranean. recent research has demonstrated that the post-release rate of mortalit |
| 12772 | 1 | nd and wales. previous research by adas has suggested that the agricultural sector contributes
|
| 10764 | 2 | they originate. in our previous work we have used destructive sampling of the artefact and immu
fact and immunological detection, which has enabled us to identify the species that was milked. |
| 7706 | 1 | aining ecological services. for this it has become necessary to reduce the use of nitrogen and
|
| 12626 | 6 | then, a significant amount of research has been conducted at a wide range of locations in engl
he soil . numerous different techniques have been used to assess soil erosion in england and wa erosion of peaty uplands, for example, has been studied via repeat ground surveys and aerial p ion from intensively-managed grasslands has best been captured via detailed monitoring studies nderstanding whether mitigation efforts have been successful. this project proposes to address perts in the field of soil erosion, who have already contributed dozens of research papers desc |
| 11563 | 5 | our bones, which is a record of what we have eaten. archaeologists can use this signal in the b
. however, work over the last few years has shown that other influences, both external such as and lactation. pregnancy and lactation have been shown to influence hair nitrogen isotope sign bone collagen nitrogen isotopic values have been reported in archaeological populations from m ed deer, using a population in which we have already shown that hair nitrogen isotopic values a |
| 10861 | 2 | om a single point of entry. instead, it has been suggested that fungal propagules are extensive
re media, presumably because propagules have not been subjected to appropriate germination cond |
| 12150 | 1 | of researchers of the proposed project had already detected nosema ceranae in lithuanian apiar
|
| 15202 | 1 | is catalogued as forest species and it has been chosen as vegetal symbol of the canarian archi
|
| 14572 | 1 | ades, the study of biological invasions has been structured in turn of a central paradigm: the
|
| 15128 | 1 | te the magnitude of these displacements have been made, we are still far from understanding in
|
| 14162 | 1 | ved, more mobile income breeders should have better developed defence traits. another ecologica
|
| 15519 | 1 | species dispersal patterns. much effort has thus been devoted during last decades to overcoming
|
| 13430 | 1 | and uşak provinces. sampling activities have been made since 2007.
|
| 10968 | 1 | n primary production and fish. thus, we considered microzooplankton in two main roles: as compe
|
| 10390 | 2 | ecognised that anthropogenic activities have resulted in significant changes to the hydromorpho
to directly evaluate changes likely to have resulted from the altered geomorphology. |
| 2536 | 1 | ching to their breeding grounds. swarms have marveled humans since dawn of history--or pestered
|
| 10952 | 2 | ential in screening of such systems. we have sequenced the genome of an algal virus that infect
ccolithophorid emiliania huxleyi and we have discovered several exploitable enzyme and protein |
| 12762 | 1 | tial for snares to cause serious injury has been established. their continued use is allowed, b
|
| 10837 | 5 | ends. examples of this sexual conflict have been described in many different organisms, but ha
cribed in many different organisms, but have been most intensively studied in the insects. in t lower frequency of mating - they have a limited number of eggs to lay and beyond a certain leve ifetime reproduction. our previous work has revealed that these mating costs in females are cau ransferred to females during mating. we have recently identified a substance known as the sex p |
| 11779 | 3 | ystems. the use of molecular techniques has permitted a greater understanding of the identities
indicators of soil quality. recently it has been shown that ph is the main driver in determinin therefore, once taxonomic relationships have been established, we will select subsets of sample |
| 10329 | 1 | stance at different resource levels. we have also demonstrated genetic variation for resistance
|
| 11509 | 2 | athogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae have been identified through an earlier nerc funded pro
sect pests. two independent consultants have established that markets exist for metarhizium-bas |
| 11813 | 1 | et 19 for free . which marine scientist has never dreamt of such sales on data loggers and sate
|
| 10770 | 1 | o reconstruct climates more reliably. i have chosen to study the coccolithophores, unicellular
|
| 12543 | 2 | recent years several species of thrips have been dispersed globally as a result of their assoc
where it establishes. several outbreaks have occurred in the uk on both edible crops, and large |
| 12765 | 1 | are prevented or contained before they become intractable. in particular, these results will p
|
| 12386 | 1 | uk government departments and agencies have adopted a new marine monitoring and assessment str
|
| 10173 | 1 | a situation in which choice and quality have become decoupled, providing a unique opportunity t
|
| 11680 | 3 | ch as these it also means that diseases carried by each of them could possibly infect the other
lar stages. for the past three years we have collected samples of both types of caterpillars fr much of each virus is present. when we have analysed all of our samples, we can draw a picture |
| 10420 | 1 | phere and the organisms being eaten. we have developed a method which is able to dissect this c
|
| 11389 | 1 | phere and the organisms being eaten. we have developed a method which is able to dissect this c
|
| 12292 | 3 | peas, beans and potatoes. recent years have seen the highest sclerotinia levels ever recorded
sclerotiorum and its hosts. firstly, we have developed unique diversity sets for susceptible cr on the domesticated crop. secondly, we have now assembled a large collection of characterised |
| 10827 | 1 | ing work can begin before the epizootic has taken hold in scotland and can be used to design a
|
| 12528 | 2 | pathogen for the first time, before it has reached a given level of prevalence • given first d
can we predict the prevalence it might have reached in this area when a map is produced of the |
| 7391 | 1 | g of the diversity of bacterial genomes has evolved thanks to the contributions of genomics, wh
|
| 7421 | 1 | he old variety ' apt milling wheat that had virtually disappeared. stories attest that the flou
|
| 10144 | 1 | e sifts instrument via fibre optics, it has been possible to record transmission and reflectanc
|
| 11118 | 3 | tem. whilst many derivatisation methods have been devised for the gas chromatographic analysis
isotope ratios of the parent compounds have been recorded representatively and that no isotopi vely and that no isotopic fractionation has occurred during this pyrolysis procedure. this proj |
| 11282 | 5 | e sphagnum mosses, sedges and heathers, has revealed they contain distinct chemical characteris
ent in very low abundance. further work has revealed that n-c23 alkane abundances can track the biomarkers, other molecular tools which have been used in palaeoclimate reconstruction are stab measured in macrofossil remains in peat have been used to infer relative changes in wetness, ho or example, work carried out at bristol has shown that the dd values of the lipid biomarker n-c |
| 11715 | 2 | m function, biogeochemistry and climate have all varied considerably in response to a variety o
nd external forcing factors. these will have influenced atmospheric processes and led to major |
| 14374 | 3 | context and objectives various studies have explored the use of satellite time series to descr
s. unique is also the fact that we will have brought together complementary experience to guara rarchical image segmentation, hopefully having established a permanent knowledge center for mul |
| 12532 | 1 | the trade in plants and plant products has been identified as a primary concern relating to th
|
| 11134 | 2 | in recent years there has been growing concern about the impact of diffuse so
e intense storms in the bathing season, has led to increased compliance failure of bathing wate |
| 12245 | 1 | public health benefits of farming. this has encouraged many farmers to take a more holistic app
|
| 12233 | 2 | testing protocols. much recent research has tested varieties with two or a few n levels, but al
a few n levels, but almost no research has tested varieties with the 5 or more n levels necess |
| 14330 | 1 | roforestry centre. in vietnam past work has focused on deforestation and its driving factors. i
|
| 15182 | 1 | nucleotide variation at the populations have been one of the main interests in many of biologic
|
| 2176 | 2 | y the northeast atlantic mackerel stock has been split into three spawning components, a wester
nd a north sea component. prior studies have demonstrated strong indications of genetic differe |
| 14615 | 3 | t to strong antropogenic pressures that have led many species of whales and dolphins to a criti
tory species, is that of fishing, which has reduced the abundance of many of fish and cephalopo nown that in a number of populations it has brought severe reductions in reproductive rates as |
| 12524 | 4 | cide levels are employed. this research has been developed to meet national policies driven by
statutory and advisory testing systems have largely been devised to identify varieties which p ifferent crops examined. plant breeders have already expressed interest in this project, and wi nts, and test systems. breeder interest has significantly expanded from breeding varieties for |
| 7498 | 1 | ative rt- pcr. physiological approaches have isolated two strains of marinobacter alcalivorax a
|
| 11266 | 2 | the condensed phase, raman spectroscopy has become a major analytical technique. applications o
oscopy for trace gas analysis, however, has not found wide-spread use so far due to the inheren |
| 14179 | 1 | obvious if we keep in mind great tasks associated with necessary transition from fossil fuels
|
| 9998 | 1 | ur exploration of the small datasets we have developed in house suggest that patterns of error
|
| 13731 | 1 | ike fish populations. present knowledge has advanced positive size-dependent performance and po
|
| 10006 | 2 | e populations is extremely variable. we have been developing and testing survey methods for ass
t partner network. in addition, we will run a training workshop that will ensure that more tigh |
| 11536 | 2 | e populations is extremely variable. we have been developing and testing survey methods for ass
t partner network. in addition, we will run a training workshop that will ensure that more tigh |
| 2019 | 2 | opment of organisms. in recent years it has become clear that the general transcription machine
factor paralogs not found in yeast. we have contributed to this change in paradigm by our stud |
| 14431 | 1 | tern on the balkans, and explain how it have changed across geographic space and time.
|
| 11459 | 4 | test the hypothesis that the antarctic has acted as a centre for evolutionary innovation and r
radiation and as a source of taxa that have invaded the deep sea. it is likely that the deep-s , deep-ocean oxygen minima. such events have been recorded from the late cretaceous and palaeoc and the major oceans which surround it would have facilitated the expansion of biogeographic b |
| 11031 | 6 | dated. the age of thousands of samples has been measured, and what is clear is that the contin
2, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.3 billion years. some have interpreted this repetition to mean that these wer dioactive elements in the mantle should have recorded the time when the melts that formed the c that the earth s atmosphere and oceans have undergone radical changes in the planet s ancient ve, global magmatism, it is likely they would have had a profound effect on the composition of eans, as even single volcanic eruptions have been observed to change the global climate. this r |
| 10331 | 1 | order to test and resolve this issue we have developed a novel interactive computer model . the
|
| 9819 | 1 | order to test and resolve this issue we have developed a novel interactive computer model . the
|
| 11061 | 10 | n adults return to the river where they hatched to reproduce. this strategy means that genetic
rent populations is low, and biologists have shown that different strains have clear genetic di ins have clear genetic differences, and have evolved specific adaptations for their own populat ditions make salmon a likely species to have evolved differences between populations in sperm a olutionary processes just mentioned. we have found evidence for differences in fertilization co erm and egg fertilization compatibility has changed between different populations, while also a esenting a major problem: farmed salmon have been domestically-selected for big genetic differe med and wild salmon domestication might have altered farmed salmon fertility, either up or down fertility, either up or down. research has shown that farmed fish can successfully reproduce w ggs with wild salmon sperm and eggs. we have developed trials that run fertilisations in contro |
| 14181 | 2 | though plasticity to light availability has been thoroughly studied, surprisingly little is kno
herbaceous and overhead shade in plants has been hypothesized by schmitt et al. to differentiat |
| 11219 | 6 | foot of one of our ancient ancestors it has usually been badly chewed. in addition such fossil
ross soft ground are the closest we can come to fossilized behaviour , as they are direct recor man walking. however, until recently we have lacked the tools with which to unlock their scient ion years ago by lucy and her relatives has been argued about for over 30 years, one scientist t members of our own genus : homo. they used advanced laser-scanning techniques to record the p ts in three-dimensional detail, as they had previously done for those at laetoli. it s very lik |
| 11707 | 6 | foot of one of our ancient ancestors it has usually been badly chewed. in addition such fossil
ross soft ground are the closest we can come to fossilized behaviour , as they are direct recor man walking. however, until recently we have lacked the tools with which to unlock their scient ion years ago by lucy and her relatives has been argued about for over 30 years, one scientist t members of our own genus : homo. they used advanced laser-scanning techniques to record the p ts in three-dimensional detail, as they had previously done for those at laetoli. it s very lik |
| 1962 | 1 | etween these two types of plant defence has been a concern to integrated pest management: plant
|
| 10338 | 5 | ea, but we do not yet understand how it occurred. to determine the causes of mass extinctions,
ts in earth history. recently, evidence has emerged showing that trace elements, including the of each bone before deriving a date. we have identified criteria by which the uptake history of in bone can be assessed. a pilot study has shown these criteria correctly identify individual ences including p-t sequences whose age has been constrained independently. we will then apply |
| 10158 | 4 | tarctica. for over a decade, scientists have regarded subglacial lakes to be extreme yet viable
through a nerc-afi award, glaciologists have shown the lake, beneath 3 km of ice, to be 10 km l tion. the deployment of heavy equipment has been shown to be possible at this location, based o ries across the uk. this project, which has been in a planning stage for four years, will be a |
| 10431 | 4 | tarctica. for over a decade, scientists have regarded subglacial lakes to be extreme yet viable
through a nerc-afi award, glaciologists have shown the lake, beneath 3 km of ice, to be 10 km l tion. the deployment of heavy equipment has been shown to be possible at this location, based o ries across the uk. this project, which has been in a planning stage for four years, will be a |
| 10432 | 4 | tarctica. for over a decade, scientists have regarded subglacial lakes to be extreme yet viable
through a nerc-afi award, glaciologists have shown the lake, beneath 3 km of ice, to be 10 km l tion. the deployment of heavy equipment has been shown to be possible at this location, based o ries across the uk. this project, which has been in a planning stage for four years, will be a |
| 10723 | 4 | tarctica. for over a decade, scientists have regarded subglacial lakes to be extreme yet viable
through a nerc-afi award, glaciologists have shown the lake, beneath 3 km of ice, to be 10 km l tion. the deployment of heavy equipment has been shown to be possible at this location, based o ries across the uk. this project, which has been in a planning stage for four years, will be a |
| 11714 | 4 | tarctica. for over a decade, scientists have regarded subglacial lakes to be extreme yet viable
through a nerc-afi award, glaciologists have shown the lake, beneath 3 km of ice, to be 10 km l tion. the deployment of heavy equipment has been shown to be possible at this location, based o ries across the uk. this project, which has been in a planning stage for four years, will be a |
| 9907 | 4 | tarctica. for over a decade, scientists have regarded subglacial lakes to be extreme yet viable
through a nerc-afi award, glaciologists have shown the lake, beneath 3 km of ice, to be 10 km l tion. the deployment of heavy equipment has been shown to be possible at this location, based o ries across the uk. this project, which has been in a planning stage for four years, will be a |
| 13575 | 1 | , so-called discard. commercial fishing has been estimated to produce 27 million tonnes of disc
|
| 10142 | 3 | biodiversity conservation. competition has long been proposed as an important force in structu
c investigations of community structure have become possible, testing the effect of competition nd bacteria, while for animals analyses have been performed only on insect food-webs and mammal |
| 15503 | 2 | the geographical diversity gradients have fascinated ecologists and biogeographers during th
last two centuries, and its variations have been linked to several factors; it is well known t |
| 1936 | 3 | heathlands and species-rich grasslands have declined severely during the last decades. since 1
the last decades. since 1900 huge areas have been converted into arable fields but serious loss sity occurred also in the remnants that have been preserved. recent attempts to convert arable |
| 9807 | 3 | he surface of their petals. these cells have been shown to make the petals more attractive to p
cone shaped cells. previous experiments have indicated that conical cells in the petal epidermi shapes present in plant families which have shown shifts in pollinators, and investigate wheth |
| 15381 | 2 | n hotspots and evolutionary breakpoints has not been investigated in any species up to date. si
this proposal, and the strong ties that have been developed with international leaders in the f |
| 13945 | 1 | such as amino acids containing nitrogen has been shown to take place. however, virtually nothin
|
| 15096 | 1 | ic plants . many few studies in ecology have used spatial analysis to characterize the infectio
|
| 6871 | 2 | s of almost every large european rivers have been dramatically changed by regulation. ratios of
on. ratios of lentic and lotic habitats have been modified radically. near-shore dead zones, ba |
| 2479 | 1 | observed in northern europe in 2006. it has since been thriving, spreading and proliferating, a
|
| 12056 | 2 | nally, a simulation model of vegetation has been created and set to the zone of the ecrins nati
ms of plant biodiversity. another study has shown that some specialized species to stressful en |
| 15524 | 1 | tspots. during the last years, our team has carried out intensive research in these areas, focu
|
| 11275 | 3 | in the last 15 years, molecular methods have been used which target the dna of all microbes pre
esent in any environment. this approach has massively expanded our appreciation of the diversit rsity of life on earth. such approaches have revealed a diverse and mysterious group of organis |
| 185 | 2 | of a more comprehensive set of factors has been rarely explored. moreover, empirical studies f
rophic level, while theoretical studies have shown that species at higher trophic levels are mo |
| 7013 | 2 | e geologically young coral atolls; they have never been connected with the granitic islands. du
ificance the insect fauna of seychelles has received relatively little attention. the only larg |
| 14905 | 1 | ally, at the end of the project we will have obtained a germoplasm bank and other related infor
|
| 14842 | 1 | gical traits, five different subspecies have been distinguished and four of them are endemic fr
|
| 421 | 2 | the shift in community composition. we predicted that life-history traits increasing the abili
dscapes in france, in 2001 and 2002. we used a three-table ordination method to identify the re |
| 2061 | 1 | combined with changes in ocean climate has generated large fluctuations in northern marine she
|
| 7001 | 2 | es glacial isolation in different areas has led to clear distinguishable morphological differen
es were of only marginal importance. we have performed preliminary investigations of austria sp |
| 14146 | 1 | ages associated with fungal fruitbodies has never been assessed in a multipartite context. the
|
| 11756 | 3 | l blue pigment, marennine. this pigment has found applications in the aquaculture, personal car
oluble extracts containing this pigment have been shown to possess anti-cancer and anti-hiv act onditions for its production by diatoms have been established, the main aim of the project is t |
| 15068 | 1 | ricas, where up to 88 different species have been described. conversely, in the mediterranean b
|
| 10341 | 1 | populations. currently, different loci have been studied in different populations, so that it
|
| 9919 | 3 | ion of specimens. in microbiology, this has greatly affected the taxonomy of un-culturable bact
plant groups taxonomic classifications have been based on morphological characters. it is now a and morphological taxonomic study. we have developed a novel procedure for extracting dna fro |
| 11874 | 1 | the nitrogen cycle are unsound as they have failed to include key cogs and internal loops. our
|
| 10255 | 4 | s for our future climate. the biosphere has been suggested as a significant factor mitigating a
cclimate to elevated co2. some research has indicated only short-term growth responses to eleva nses to elevated co2, but these studies have often focussed on production responses ignoring mo system function. even where acclimation has occurred, it is important to determine whether any |
| 11464 | 3 | nown. the extent of bacterial diversity has rendered conventional methods of estimating diversi
in response to environmental stress. it has thus been impossible to test this hypothesis. we ha impossible to test this hypothesis. we have developed a model based on species abundance distr |
| 11799 | 3 | nown. the extent of bacterial diversity has rendered conventional methods of estimating diversi
in response to environmental stress. it has thus been impossible to test this hypothesis. we ha impossible to test this hypothesis. we have developed a model based on species abundance distr |
| 2022 | 1 | for juvenile coral reef fish, but this has only been based on their high densities of juvenile
|
| 10189 | 2 | . because mutualistic mycorrhizal fungi have been viewed as restricted in diversity and entirel
n diversity and entirely generalist, it has been assumed that introduced species can associate |
| 11846 | 2 | rom the fishing industry. that approach has been found wanting with many stocks fished at unsus
t unsustainable levels. the way forward has been to recognise that we need to manage using an e |
| 10736 | 1 | sponsive, it will offer a potential new set of molecular biomarkers for monitoring the effects
|
| 10817 | 5 | way which could lead to cycles, but we have discovered a novel way in which changes in plant q
n herbivore populations. this mechanism has not been considered before but it could apply to wi nt-herbivore systems, particularly ones based on grasses and other plants that contain high lev increasing and vice versa. we will then set up an experiment to measure the rate and magnitude eas by moving voles into areas where we have induced high silica levels previously and see how |
| 11049 | 5 | way which could lead to cycles, but we have discovered a novel way in which changes in plant q
n herbivore populations. this mechanism has not been considered before but it could apply to wi nt-herbivore systems, particularly ones based on grasses and other plants that contain high lev increasing and vice versa. we will then set up an experiment to measure the rate and magnitude eas by moving voles into areas where we have induced high silica levels previously and see how |
| 11562 | 5 | way which could lead to cycles, but we have discovered a novel way in which changes in plant q
n herbivore populations. this mechanism has not been considered before but it could apply to wi nt-herbivore systems, particularly ones based on grasses and other plants that contain high lev increasing and vice versa. we will then set up an experiment to measure the rate and magnitude eas by moving voles into areas where we have induced high silica levels previously and see how |
| 11829 | 5 | way which could lead to cycles, but we have discovered a novel way in which changes in plant q
n herbivore populations. this mechanism has not been considered before but it could apply to wi nt-herbivore systems, particularly ones based on grasses and other plants that contain high lev increasing and vice versa. we will then set up an experiment to measure the rate and magnitude eas by moving voles into areas where we have induced high silica levels previously and see how |
| 10564 | 3 | dividual we can also determine how they moved around and utilized this environment, and what se
e estimates for tooth crown development have been confirmed by recent isotopic studies that dem identified, we will test them in fully developed modern and ancient teeth using a laser to sam |
| 11264 | 1 | have you ever been stood with a group of friends in these different c
|
| 11546 | 1 | have you ever been stood with a group of friends in these different c
|
| 11551 | 2 | chiedea test whether positive selection could have caused the spread of genes across several sp
ea and will test whether the distortion could have been caused by the spread of advantageous al |
| 10439 | 1 | we have shown that the dominant ericoid mycorrhiza of brit
|
| 9927 | 1 | , an intriguing pattern of provisioning has been observed. although caterpillars generally form
|
| 10345 | 2 | hwater species. although eutrophication has been cited as one of the reasons for the declines o
elopment in british freshwater molluscs have not been assessed. molluscs are exquisitely sensit |
| 10136 | 1 | s greatly among and within species, and can have pronounced effects on the viability and surviv
|
| 10944 | 2 | for many years, ecologists have sought to understand the factors that enable speci
ical diverse communities. many theories have been proposed to explain this species coexistence, |
| 9840 | 1 | hare cycles. over-winter food abundance has long been recognised as playing a critical role in
|
| 2169 | 1 | ing on pollination. for this purpose we have assembled a research team ideally composed to meet
|
| 11492 | 3 | the ecological dominance of this group have been linked with changes in atmospheric co2 and cl
es for nerc. in recent years, attention has shifted from atmospheric co2 towards water availabi ups. controlled environment experiments have been designed within the framework of a new mechan |
| 10693 | 1 | t likely part of africa from which they have come. we will use these measurements to provide an
|
| 14122 | 1 | orrelations between vegetation and soil have been found, the extent of soil’s role on the long-
|
| 15349 | 1 | cally, transposons. insertion sequences has been tested in microbial fuel cells for production
|
| 15319 | 1 | romises the viability of the population has been detected during the last three decades. despit
|
| 15391 | 1 | , respectively. the losses of diversity have been documented in most cases through supposedly n
|
| 14602 | 1 | changes in the socioeconomic structure have occurred in many mediterranean regions, inducing e
|
| 13880 | 3 | creational activities in coastal waters has long concerned conservationists, partly because of
cts on birds. environmental authorities have extensively used sanctuaries where access is prohi populations. although such sanctuaries have been used for long, the knowledge of their effects |
| 7147 | 1 | ynamics and maintenance of biodiversity has mainly performed two time scales: instantaneous bas
|
| 14199 | 1 | biodiverse seminatural grasslands have practically disappeared from europe due to changin
|
| 10125 | 4 | y loss. however, although meta-analyses have begun to provide substantial new insights into cor
e archaeology of europe, in particular, has been the subject of substantial continent-wide rese , although several large mammal species have experienced severe holocene range collapse, region or global extinction, previous studies have addressed holocene mammal population change almost |
| 426 | 1 | place. forests present the advantage of having been less subject to strong variations of human
|
| 434 | 5 | ed species to colonize new habitats. we studied natural hybridization between two species of as
tect hybrids in natural populations. we used microsatellite markers and morphological data to d y different hybrid zones nationwide. we showed that the distribution of the two species and the wing very divergent flowering times, we assessed the role of floral phenology in restricting ge tricting gene flow at a local scale. we detected isolation by time patterns. reproductive event |
| 15532 | 2 | e lack of regeneration of woody species have been identified as major environmental problems re
he last decades, woody vegetation cover has increased in this area following secondary successi |
| 14319 | 6 | large east african rift lakes have been changing rapidly during the last decades. the
lly have a relatively high productivity compared to large temperate lakes and have active fishe that these primary production decreases have affected upper trophic levels and fisheries, but, e kivu, located north of l. tanganyika, has undergone recent changes induced by alien species i tion and possibly climate change, which have affected the lakes biodiversity, productivity and erations. some past changes in the lake have been revealed by analyses of the sediments, which |
| 11336 | 3 | colonisation of the american continent has been the subject of great debate during the last 10
ccepted by the scientific community. we have discovered a number of sites with human and animal preserved in volcanic ash, for which we have obtained some preliminary dates. these indicate th |
| 13339 | 1 | sting institutional collaboration which has been developed in the eu project alternet. this fra
|
| 12029 | 1 | roject during this project, 42 articles have been published in peer-reviewed journals in very d
|
| 15174 | 1 | in the laboratory is difficult or even has been impossible so far. the ecosystem is the contex
|
| 13317 | 1 | range of advanced modelling approaches has been used so far to assess the impact of global cha
|
| 15568 | 1 | in recent years, evidence has emerged that dramatic changes in ecosystem processe
|
| 10152 | 4 | es a system in which 1. habitat quality has been identified, 2. changes in range size and distr
changes in range size and distribution have been documented and 3. individual dispersal decisi tracked. icelandic black-tailed godwits have been increasing in number and range in recent deca m marking and tracking of these godwits has shown that birds in new breeding sites tend to also |
| 11496 | 4 | es a system in which 1. habitat quality has been identified, 2. changes in range size and distr
changes in range size and distribution have been documented and 3. individual dispersal decisi tracked. icelandic black-tailed godwits have been increasing in number and range in recent deca m marking and tracking of these godwits has shown that birds in new breeding sites tend to also |
| 13466 | 2 | broad scale forest fires have determined the post-glacial dynamics in the boreal
e, the annually burned forest landscape has decreased dramatically since the middle ages. today |
| 7635 | 3 | arge quantities in their vacuoles. they have acquired remarkable properties of tolerance and hy
ncern and blls first stage of poisoning have been identified in children residents near mining approach underpinning the program; she joined the plant ecology, microbial ecology, ecology of |
| 14963 | 2 | tween efficiency and rate. recently, we have put forward the idea of a single metabolic pathway
ts of non-equilibrium thermodynamics we have managed to prove that, when extracellular glucose |
| 10471 | 5 | bution of the worlds plants and animals have become among the most important issues of modern s
estigate how changes in the environment have controlled how and where they lived, and how they ment have controlled how and where they lived, and how they evolved through time. plankton are how and where they lived, and how they evolved through time. plankton are the floating, micros hange, and will collaborate with the us funded biocomplexity project biope. i want to use the r |
| 10049 | 7 | e and magnitude of environmental change has been intensified by human activities. therefore, a
both types of response, typically they have been treated separately. ecosystem studies have fo n treated separately. ecosystem studies have focused on ecological changes, whereas evolutionar l changes, whereas evolutionary studies have focused on single species or pairs of interacting rent numbers of species in the lab, and have been used previously to explore the relationship b f coevolutionary interactions. bacteria have been widely used to test evolutionary hypotheses i heses in vitro, but no previous studies have looked evolution in more than a pair of interactin |
| 2502 | 1 | by climate change because human impacts have already undermined their resilience and capacity t
|
| 14904 | 1 | ite loci. in addition we will measure a set o morphological and genetic characters related to f
|
| 10164 | 1 | lations. batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has recently been discovered in europe as the causative
|
| 11247 | 1 | lations. batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has recently been discovered in europe as the causative
|
| 9859 | 4 | ing multiple introductions into europe, has had a massive impact on native red squirrel populat
. in addition, grey squirrels in the uk have had an important impact on agroindustry by debarki ever, models of grey squirrel expansion have been parameterized approximately, and italian, bri and irish populations of grey squirrels have expanded at substantially different rates for unkn |
| 14546 | 6 | is project is to study the changes that have taken place in the functioning of the landscape as
as a consequence of modifications which have occurred in its mosaics. it is the continuation of ss the flows occurring in the landscape has been elaborated.from an ecological point of view, s ological point of view, several authors have recognized the boundaries as active transport surf some hypotheses with regard to this one have been stated. one of these is that the transport is because of the land uses changes which have occurred between points in the territory which are |
| 10638 | 5 | derstanding of how biological diversity has evolved and is maintained by sexual and natural sel
ils in others. for example, many fishes have evolved new forms in lakes, but not in rivers, inc malawi hundreds of cichlid fish species have evolved in the lake, but this has not happened in cies have evolved in the lake, but this has not happened in surrounding rivers, but we have no ion imposed by contrasting environments have influenced patterns and rates of evolution. the wo |
| 7688 | 3 | blue. diva in corridor we particularly studied the impact of changes in scale for identificati
ablishment of ecological continuity and have focused on the regional level and the landscape. i entation of the green frame. the latter has been partly tested in the previous program. . in pa |
| 10722 | 2 | pheric deposition of nitrogen compounds has increased dramatically in europe in the 2nd half of
he loss of many characteristic species, have occurred which cannot be explained by factors such |
| 7632 | 1 | in the coming decades. several studies have helped create crop areas subject to european regul
|
| 15318 | 1 | interactions between animals and plants have been traditionally considered as binary systems an
|
| 15131 | 7 | micromonosporae have been isolated from diverse habitats including soil
iments. recently, strains of this genus have also been recovered from diverse plant tissues, es the last four years our research group has isolated many micromonospora strains from nitrogen pain, ecuador and nicaragua. indeed, we have found micromonospora strains in the root nodules o eserves further investigation as it may shed light into our understanding of their evolutionary of their evolutionary history. our work has shown that micromonospora lupini lupac 08 has the a nomic characterization of these strains has been achieved, our goal is to understand some of th |
| 9921 | 1 | chironomid there has been no systematic investigations into the complex
|
| 2527 | 1 | by climate change because human impacts have already undermined their resilience and capacity t
|
| 14204 | 1 | ies is little known. often the patterns have been specified at one or a few scales but ignoring
|
| 11050 | 4 | the origin of species diversity has challenged biologists for over two centuries. charl
riving force in speciation, but he also thought that populations could diverge into separate sp ng the last decade, mathematical models have shown that sympatric speciation is theoretically p ly possible, but extremely few examples have been documented in nature. early this year, savola |
| 11841 | 4 | the origin of species diversity has challenged biologists for over two centuries. charl
riving force in speciation, but he also thought that populations could diverge into separate sp ng the last decade, mathematical models have shown that sympatric speciation is theoretically p ly possible, but extremely few examples have been documented in nature. early this year, savola |
| 14807 | 1 | lands seem the only ecosystem type that has been left out of the field of action established by
|
| 10062 | 4 | apes, or those where some habitat types have been lost, act as barriers to the movement of spec
d radiocarbon dating, to sediments that have accumulated in small basins in the landscapes sinc on the forests of this region generally had mixed canopies of oak and elm, with a hazel underst he invasion took place. we will compare simulated changes in ecosystem character and patterns o |
| 15378 | 1 | d ecology and evolution. recent studies have shown universal patterns exist in the way species
|
| 214 | 2 | ants and animals in tropical ecosystems has stunned many researchers since the 19th century. bi
of tropical microbes, including fungi, has received little attention, although these organisms |
| 15062 | 1 | e but is still poorly studied, in spite having puzzled biologists for more than a century. with
|
| 15311 | 1 | es of each kind evolutionary biologists have devoted a large body of research to answer this qu
|
| 6739 | 3 | of transportation, and worldwide travel have brought organisms from one eco system into another
ther one, between which virtually there has been no species interchange in the past. accidental viously collected informations, too. we have chosen species form three taxa, oligochaeta, isopo |
| 14124 | 5 | ears the maintenance of ecosystems that have been shaped by long-term and persistent anthropoge
and persistent anthropogenic activities has become increasingly actual. the conservation and re tion and management of these grasslands has been to protect rare or endangered species that are xperimental study of endangered species has been an inevitable part of activities, focused on b the results from our previous research has led us to the idea that the effect of disturbances, |
| 15033 | 1 | al and the impacts associated with them has taken on a new urgency. in this context it is debat
|
| 14758 | 1 | nbreeding and effective fertile period, have not been studied yet. our study will show the leve
|
| 12513 | 4 | 9, organic farming in england and wales has expanded rapidly, by 2005 accounting for ca. 4% of
20% growth expected in 2006. the market has also grown rapidly, with uk retail sales up 30% in e mid 1990s, organic farm business data have been collected and annual reports on the output, c op and livestock production activities, have been published on the organic statistics section o |
| 9923 | 1 | of the picocyanobacterium synechococcus have been identified in esthwaite water using hip1-pcr
|
| 14988 | 1 | ut the ecology of marine coastal waters has significantly increased. however, this increase is
|
| 14989 | 1 | ut the ecology of marine coastal waters has significantly increased. however, this increase is
|
| 2073 | 2 | controversial, as the grazing intensity has been claimed to be non-sustainable. the project is
finnmark. these geographic differences have been temporally persistent for at least 20 years. |
| 2086 | 2 | controversial, as the grazing intensity has been claimed to be non-sustainable. the project is
finnmark. these geographic differences have been temporally persistent for at least 20 years. |
| 10106 | 1 | ecosystem functioning and dynamics, it has received little experimental attention. therefore,
|
| 13987 | 1 | ffs with other ecosystem services. this has led to an increasing interest in managing agricultu
|
| 12594 | 2 | ch expertise. the project investigators have developed good networks with stakeholders and peat
mber of potential sites and data, which have been collected at these sites, which are of direct |
| 14946 | 2 | strate and the vegetation growing on it have been widely recognized from immemorial times. unge
from immemorial times. unger appears to have pioneered the chemical soil theory. it was not une |
| 13318 | 1 | s in europe that for historical reasons have developed independently. the association with lead
|
| 2055 | 1 | nts occuring there today must therefore have arrived postglacially by long-distance dispersal.
|
| 15302 | 1 | understand the adaptive processes which have taken and are taking place as a response to enviro
|
| 538 | 1 | stem function. in the present study, we have shown that: bacterial denitrification rates were d
|
| 15518 | 1 | strategies in mediterranean ecosystems have resulted in temporal and spatial mismatches betwee
|
| 12507 | 1 | vement of fertility building strategies has been identified as priority for research to dissemi
|
| 11669 | 6 | rphs to bird predators, is predicted to have generated a strong hitch-hiking effect. the opport
ith alternative haplotypes is likely to have varied spatially along the carbonaria frequency cl versity of carbonaria haplotypes should have changed relatively little. by contrast, during the either side of the carbonaria locus to have been progressively eroded over time, and for genet over time, and for genetic diversity to have been at least partially restored. having recently have been at least partially restored. having recently isolated the genomic region containing |
| 13806 | 1 | ’ colonization. at a later stage, after having developed colonization models based on empirical
|
| 15216 | 2 | d availability of nitrogen. for this we have chosen a mediterranean scrub ecosystem represented
of the iberian peninsula so that it can shed light on the importance of the increased availabil |
| 13818 | 2 | n loading due to atmospheric deposition has not been treated as an eutrophication process since
s will also investigate if n-deposition has caused eutrophication of naturally n-limited lakes |
| 14920 | 1 | gs suggest that increasing temperatures have been offsetting absorption of carbon by these terr
|
| 15397 | 1 | of studies conducted in the palaearctic have been focussed in northern europe, and few long-ter
|
| 2139 | 2 | biological and physiological processes have been set up at zackenberg, greenland, and abisko,
cts of changed environmental conditions have been carried out. the ability of soil organisms to |
| 13855 | 1 | rsity and trophic processes, since they set different limits on plant growth and determine the
|
| 10814 | 1 | ant of this planet. no other generation has had such responsibility. coral reefs are the most b
|
| 12193 | 2 | eclines in uk farmland bird populations have become a major conservation issue and the uk gover
o reversing these declines by 2020 that have led to local increases in bird numbers. this infor |
| 2095 | 1 | too high intake of certain carotenoids has been shown to have negative effects. in salmon, the
|
| 423 | 1 | their market value, and prices changes have been strongly influenced by the evolution of marke
|
| 540 | 3 | long-term records of aquatic ecosystems has provided useful information to find out their major
th marine and freshwater ecosystems. it allowed us to compile and validate several multidecadal e also showed. fluctuations in plankton have resulted in long-term changes in cod recruitment i |
| 15184 | 1 | obial communities in aquatic ecosystems has reveled its huge richness and diversity of phylo-ph
|
| 15315 | 2 | obial communities in aquatic ecosystems has revealed their huge richness and diversity of phylo
e dynamics of microbial metacommunities have not been well explored and the consequences for th |
| 13830 | 1 | iles leaving the nursery grounds. there has been a pronounced increase in the cover of filament
|
| 11066 | 1 | and if by that time the number of hosts has increased again above the threshold number. if ther
|
| 14741 | 2 | the lower ebro river has recently suffered changes in water quality, trophic
ties. the increasing water transparency has caused an important proliferation of macrophytes, p |
| 11547 | 3 | ttlenecked populations. this prediction has been shown experimentally in drosophila populations
ucocytozoon marchouxi, whose prevalence has been intensively monitored. pbfv was introduced by itius. genetic and pedigree information has confirmed considerable variation in inbreeding with |
| 2136 | 1 | rtance for ecosystem functioning, there have been few studies addressing the interactions betwe
|
| 13944 | 2 | local and regional processes, but this has rarely been evaluated empirically. the aim of this
the river rhine, which is a system that has received a large influx of exotic species. the rela |
| 14718 | 3 | land use and climate changes have been suggested as the two main threats to biodiver
th processes. a relatively large effort has been made in the recent years in studying these pro s scarce so far. the mediterranean area has been hypothesised as one of the most affected by gl |
| 15218 | 3 | unclear, though, whether defenses that have evolved under selection from a suite of predators
book example of biological invasion and has expanded over the doñana national park in the last ator of amphibian eggs and larvae, that may have already caused a deep impact on the amphibian |
| 13968 | 3 | ublic as cormorants, and these problems have been accentuated with the strong increase in cormo
s. while the effect on fish populations have received considerable research interest, little re able research interest, little research have been aimed at examining ecosystem effects on nesti |
| 14184 | 1 | the action of sub-lethal doses on pests has been investigated up to a certain measure, there is
|
| 13843 | 1 | recent studies have increased our knowledge on how reindeer affect spe
|
| 13488 | 2 | ue to a warmer climate and many species have already increased their altitudinal range margins
dinal range margins as the last decades have been extremely warm. how reindeer will interact wi |
| 13844 | 1 | es. hybridization between plant species have proven very useful models to study questions conce
|
| 1088 | 4 | ecies diversity and ecosystem processes have received a growing attention in recent years. seve
ies on carbon cycling and decomposition have been done on single species. the results from thes species. the results from these studies have improved the understanding of the effects on these he soil. in particular, no such studies have been performed in mediterranean ecosystems despite |
| 15446 | 2 | earths temperature in the last decades has made to proliferate studies within the scope of cli
omposition rates. few studies, however, have tried to elucidate whether the response of this pr |
| 15517 | 1 | limate variability are also those which have experienced the most marked changes in their altit
|
| 14790 | 1 | l dynamic of pastures in canary islands has never been studied from a community or species dive
|
| 15021 | 2 | these migratory events. these dynamics have also been conditioned by different historical-poli
on arrival. nevertheless, this question has not been yet evaluated from a global anthropologica |
| 14645 | 1 | a new population arrival; this question has not been evaluated from a global anthropological po
|
| 14755 | 1 | f species, as much locally as globally, has been recognised as a fact. equally, it is understoo
|
| 6955 | 1 | d. in yeast, mutant termination factors have been reported that reduced the efficacy of readthr
|
| 11869 | 1 | on. current and previous work in my lab has demonstrated that the in situ community structure o
|
| 7507 | 1 | on a genetic map of brown trout that we have produced in the laboratory. the purpose of this st
|
| 12045 | 10 | during the last century, human activity has greatly contributed to environmental changes worldw
ntal change.s the role of these factors has been studied for several fungal species causing sig in parallel. the role of these factors has been addressed by studies of population genetics an f several fungal pathogens in the world has been unravelled using methods of population genetic ermine if hybridization between species has played a role in the emergence of virulent pathogen otential impact of environmental change have been studied in the case of the emergence of fores t trees non-native in europe and models have been developed to analyze the importance of certai factors in the emergences. this project has created a synergy between the main research teams i f several fungal pathogens in the world has been uncovered, revealing the processes underlying the processes underlying dispersal. we have shown that climate changes may favor emergences an |
| 15161 | 2 | ersity in many environmental conditions has highlighted the lack of knowledge of microbial ecol
to the living bacteria. this diversity has been intensively studied using molecular methods, a |
| 10734 | 3 | armed fish and honeybees. microsporidia have been found in all major animal lineages and in all
to tell how successfully microsporidia have diversified in different environments. it will ind there are particular environments that have allowed these parasites to thrive over evolutionar |
| 10597 | 9 | the impact of glaciation and landscape has been studies intensively we understand little about
ittle about how soil develops after ice has retreated. about one third of the icelandic landsca there are two particular glaciers that have retreated this summer, uniquely, at these two loca uely, at these two locations, soil that has been covered since the little ice age biology. for ty. in mature soils, molecular analysis has revealed the existence of considerable microbial di us in temperate soils but, because none has ever been cultivated, we have no information on the cycling of nitrogen. by using 15n which has been incorporated into plant litter we expect that stems can develop from these soils that have been contained the glacier. to place the results i key molecular and functional attributes have developed in the soil over time or if they were pr |
| 10134 | 1 | tral topic in evolutionary biology, and has fascinated ecologist since the pioneering work of d
|
| 11083 | 1 | the greenhouse, we will graft cuttings taken from trees of different ages onto a common juveni
|
| 11024 | 1 | minimal competition. however, no study has yet attempted to measure energy expenditure in a la
|
| 10816 | 3 | in recent years researchers have discovered a great deal about the way in which ani
kour is a rapidly developing sport that has recently caught the public eye. it provides an exce he most energetically expensive, we can feed similar locomotor supports and arboreal routes int |
| 14655 | 1 | cosystems. in order to achieve this, we have developed a working plan guided to evaluate the le
|
| 10661 | 5 | renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public att
ased renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshire which is a s proved models can be introduced as they become available. similarly, the approach will allow ne new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti rs for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impact scientific journals. |
| 10912 | 5 | renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public att
ased renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshire which is a s proved models can be introduced as they become available. similarly, the approach will allow ne new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti rs for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impact scientific journals. |
| 11158 | 5 | renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public att
ased renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshire which is a s proved models can be introduced as they become available. similarly, the approach will allow ne new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti rs for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impact scientific journals. |
| 11170 | 5 | renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public att
ased renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshire which is a s proved models can be introduced as they become available. similarly, the approach will allow ne new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti rs for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impact scientific journals. |
| 11420 | 5 | renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public att
ased renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshire which is a s proved models can be introduced as they become available. similarly, the approach will allow ne new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti rs for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impact scientific journals. |
| 11421 | 5 | renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public att
ased renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshire which is a s proved models can be introduced as they become available. similarly, the approach will allow ne new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti rs for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impact scientific journals. |
| 11701 | 5 | renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public att
ased renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshire which is a s proved models can be introduced as they become available. similarly, the approach will allow ne new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti rs for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impact scientific journals. |
| 11702 | 5 | renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public att
ased renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshire which is a s proved models can be introduced as they become available. . similarly, the approach will allow new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti rs for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impact scientific journals. |
| 9896 | 5 | renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public att
ased renewables. for the pilot study we have selected marston vale in bedfordshire which is a s proved models can be introduced as they become available. similarly, the approach will allow ne new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti rs for peer review, seeking to get them published in high-impact scientific journals. |
| 10168 | 1 | previously, we have recorded significantly enhanced mineralisation of
|
| 14839 | 1 | cylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid have been proposed as signal transducers. the aim of th
|
| 1100 | 1 | of tuscany, sicily and puglia and that have received or are receiving standard quality certifi
|
| 462 | 2 | ent epidemics of arbovirus disease that have touched them. little recent information exists to
vents of epidemics of arbovirus disease have affected human populations. we will analyze three |
| 12503 | 1 | st environmental change hypotheses that may have been generated from assessment of the long-ter
|
| 15359 | 2 | . in recent years mass mortality events have severely affected the community in the nw mediterr
rocesses and ecosystems that at present have not been affected. since global change is expected |
| 10677 | 2 | aciation is unique in earth history; it lasted less than one million years and can be directly
, and recently developed climate models has been largely elucidated from studies of low latitud |
| 10995 | 1 | eories concerning the origin of helping have been primitively eusocial taxa, in which behaviour
|
| 11053 | 1 | eories concerning the origin of helping have been primitively eusocial taxa, in which behaviour
|
| 11787 | 1 | eories concerning the origin of helping have been primitively eusocial taxa, in which behaviour
|
| 12305 | 2 | odern livestock industry. however there has been undue reliance on imported soya as the main pr
d soya as the main protein source which has recently raised environmental concerns relating to |
| 14664 | 2 | iculture and the industrial developing, has been occurred. in addition, this period includes tw
e warming and the little ice age, which have been well historically documented. palaeoecologica |
| 12286 | 1 | ystems and farmland biodiversity. defra has funded adas at drayton in warwickshire as one of 12
|
| 14922 | 1 | ng studies conducted in the palaearctic have been focussed in northern europe, and few are curr
|
| 13970 | 1 | agement of species. a number of studies have found considerable genetic differentiation even in
|
| 7037 | 2 | had in it. whereas thematic approaches have produced very valuable material, an understanding
ecological and social consequences they had. the situation in the archbishopry of salzburg in t |
| 14971 | 2 | hwood of montejo de la sierra. the site has been recently mentioned reserve of the biosphere. i
e of climhaya, 4 more concret objetives have been defined jointly 8 tasks. otherwise, climhaya |
| 10945 | 1 | the individual. at present, however, we have no understanding of how environmental factors modi
|
| 14150 | 1 | vidual’s fitness. however, no consensus has been reached on the relative role of different mech
|
| 12184 | 2 | ccount as far as possible, changes that have been recommended through the rop and changes that
mended through the rop and changes that have been made to es in order to secure eu approval of |
| 11593 | 2 | as yet largely unstudied. therefore, we set out to explore the genomic basis of environmentally
ntrolled genes in hermatypic corals. we identified the coral acropora millepora and its gene en |
| 7221 | 2 | he recent outbreaks of arboviruses that have affected the. little recent information is availab
also recent events arbovirus epidemics have affected human populations. we analyze three arbov |
| 11643 | 1 | recent research has shown that a great continent-scale ice cap on east
|
| 7017 | 1 | o for benthic environments, where there has been far less research conducted in comparison to t
|
| 10813 | 2 | results in large infected lesions which have been found to cause death in wild birds, but other
ation of the great tit near oxford, and has increased in frequency to infect almost 10% of grea |
| 12536 | 2 | ould be eradication. for this reason we have selected ludwigia grandiflora as the target specie
radication of non-native aquatic plants has proved challenging. this approach is novel and will |
| 14375 | 1 | since then, increased scientific effort has been put into further understanding, mapping, model
|
| 11716 | 1 | collections of recent human bone which have been selected to record the 1960s atmospheric 14c
|
| 7157 | 1 | f organisms isolated. this project also has provided a controlled simulation of the impact of e
|
| 9804 | 1 | protein sequences among related species have been caused by natural selection accumulating muta
|
| 9875 | 2 | ods of agriculture. developed countries have seen huge growth in organic farming over the last
nce and cleaner waterways. many studies have compared biodiversity on organic and conventional |
| 6894 | 1 | us, top priority is given to pests that have recently appeared in our region and cause extensiv
|
| 13320 | 1 | that is able to check whether this goal has been reached, is implemented. the reason for this i
|
| 12547 | 2 | y weather stations. to date, no attempt has been made to incorporate this insulating effect on
ogy of these organisms in eu conditions has been investigated to a level which provides enough |
| 7454 | 1 | sting institutional collaboration which has been developed in the eu project alternet. this fra
|
| 7452 | 1 | european countries. recruitment failure has contributed to a halving of catches from 40,000t in
|
| 13784 | 1 | ularensis. outbreaks of this bacterium, has been associated to nutrient rich stagnant waters an
|
| 10354 | 3 | imate change and tropical deforestation have regularly been in the news for years. we know they
apparently undisturbed tropical forests have altered dramatically over recent decades: what dri sing such changes myself and colleagues have been collating data from 200 long-term tropical fo |
| 15230 | 1 | ques are. for example, previous studies have shown that reintroductions are useless as a way of
|
| 10336 | 10 | the recent asian tsunami has taken many human lives but its effects may have bee
taken many human lives but its effects may have been much worse if many of the coastlines in t s now concern about how the reefs might have fared during the recent tsunami. preliminary surve preliminary surveys suggest that there has been some breakage of branching coral, toppling ove ore the tsunami waves hit the reefs. we have worked at phuket marine biological center in thail enter in thailand for over 26 years and have regularly measured important reef characteristics, reefs over this time. on some reefs we have permanently marked areas which have been photograp we have permanently marked areas which have been photographed, sometimes twice a year, over th so that we can assess the changes that have taken place between the last survey in november 20 all scientists working at the pmbc and have been essential for improved interpretation of glob |
| 12444 | 1 | evaluate how different species of fish have responded to past environmental changes at the cri
|
| 13768 | 1 | e trees, and particularly hollow trees, has decreased substantially during the last 300 years,
|
| 12771 | 4 | nalgesics to anticoagulant formulations has been suggested as a possible method of improving th
review of the literature on analgesics has identified meloxicam as a potentially suitable anal ired to be administered once daily, and has been found to be as effective at treating post-oper c at an effective rate. no side effects have been reported during clinical use of meloxicam in |
| 13373 | 3 | asm with 22 % among the whole germplasm have showed great variation for every characters and de
ique band pattern based on hordein data have clearly demonstrated great variation among these g hologic, molecular and biochemical data has clearly showed that molecular data could better dif |
| 12326 | 1 | greements, how successful these changes have been. the intention is also that the contractor wi
|
| 13807 | 1 | patterns. that is possible because oaks have been surveyed in sweden in 1749 and later. a bayes
|
| 7415 | 1 | rgy needs. even though numerous studies have demonstrated that these resources are primarily wi
|
| 1961 | 1 | also a very strong negative explanation has not been given, however. in this proposal we want t
|
| 13716 | 1 | land birds, reflecting european trends, have been attributed to agricultural intensification re
|
| 2537 | 6 | in this proposal we set out to test alternative hypotheses for the evolutio
is capacity for horizontal dna transfer has played and continues to play a prominent role in ba evolved and is maintained. we recently proposed a novel hypothesis for the maintenance of comp transformation in bacillus subtilis. we showed theoretically and experimentally that competence non competent isogenic mutants. here we set out to test the generality of these results. we als y that it is maintained and potentially has evolved as an anti invasion strategy rather than an |
| 14918 | 2 | n addition, freshwater fish communities have recently experienced a strong modification caused
iction of climatic variables that might have affected current distribution of cyprinid species |
| 15162 | 7 | ology and epidemiology of these viruses has been provided thus far. our knowledge about pv evol
rather scarce. the pi of this proposal has worked in germany in this field in the last six yea in this field in the last six years and has proposed an early and multiphasic evolutionary hist order to understand the pressures that have driven the differential evolution of the pves, the the first three years it is our aim to have identified and fully sequenced ca. thirty new anim . thirty new animal pves, as well as to have identified and partially sequenced ca. hundred new importance. if we can explain how pves have evolved, then we may be able to explain the differ |
| 15449 | 1 | tionary ecology. however, most research has focused on signals that are perceived through one s
|
| 15158 | 1 | nce of such flower colour polymorphisms have received a lot of attention in recent years. altho
|
| 1965 | 1 | nts for host race formation are met and have been described in great detail in this species on
|
| 14116 | 1 | e mineral composition of serpulid tubes has been reported to be either calcitic, aragonitic or
|
| 9803 | 1 | ing a cooperative partner this question has been the subject of much abstract theorising, but l
|
| 10266 | 1 | receive a benefit from those whom they have helped. these two explanations, however, are not f
|
| 11868 | 3 | rphic traits showed that males who bear exaggerated features enjoyed greater mating success. th
ion are identified directly. we already have found that populations in which sexual selection i ns in which sexual selection is present have evolved greater sex differences in morphology and |
| 11872 | 3 | rphic traits showed that males who bear exaggerated features enjoyed greater mating success. th
ion are identified directly. we already have found that populations in which sexual selection i ns in which sexual selection is present have evolved greater sex differences in morphology and |
| 11873 | 3 | rphic traits showed that males who bear exaggerated features enjoyed greater mating success. th
ion are identified directly. we already have found that populations in which sexual selection i ns in which sexual selection is present have evolved greater sex differences in morphology and |
| 1960 | 1 | logy. recent developments in this field have stressed the potential importance of sexual select
|
| 2122 | 3 | tating dry rot fungus serpula lacrymans has been established. previous research suggests that s
nowledge in this field. we present four interrelated sub-projects, which all rest on the use of ture isolates of the model organism. it has been hypothesized that both the mating . in additio |
| 10178 | 2 | biologists have long pondered on the adaptive significance of mela
of melanism in insects. recent research has focussed on the strong correlation in many insect s |
| 11652 | 2 | biologists have long pondered on the adaptive significance of mela
of melanism in insects. recent research has focussed on the strong correlation in many insect s |
| 11072 | 2 | theory can explain their strategies. we have already developed these methods for a related spec
. most studies on parasite transmission have focused on either the number or sex ratio of trans |
| 10801 | 1 | r birth. parent-offspring communication has recently attracted much theoretical and empirical i
|
| 10306 | 2 | d to species by climate change. species have evolved by natural selection in environments that
natural selection in environments that have generally changed more slowly than those we are wi |
| 10849 | 1 | ods to determine how likely they are to have dispersed from another population recently.
|
| 10401 | 1 | ence of outcrossing sexual reproduction has puzzled evolutionary biologists since darwin, as un
|
| 10989 | 2 | haviour. we know that these differences have arisen because the sexes have different roles in r
different selection pressures. what we have not understood yet is how exactly the difference i |
| 433 | 4 | l, important human and climatic changes have occurred in the last three decades. in niger, the
uman population and the cultivated area have doubled in 25 years. this evolution has important cultivation methods. in this study, we performed an analysis of the evolution of diversity of ir genetic diversity evolution. we also collected data on environmental changes and performed s |
| 11032 | 10 | arctica, is only a narrow strait but it has had a huge effect on the evolution of the earth s c
its age and history are critical. if it formed before, or at the same time as, drake passage, t acc and antarctic glaciation could both have initiated within a few million years of one anothe n years of one another. if, however, it formed later, continental fragments such as south georg inental fragments such as south georgia could have blocked the flow of deep water until long af deep water until long after glaciation had started, so supporting those who argue that the two d. this project, a us-uk collaboration, has already been allocated a month of research time wor walter alvarez, the scientist who first identified the meteorite impact at the k-t boundary, pr roots of continents around the pacific would have acted as barriers to escape of pacific mantl out exactly how far the pacific mantle has migrated and study the boundary between the two typ |
| 14729 | 1 | erated y chromosomes. in this genus, we have found the existence of species at each of these ev
|
| 15312 | 2 | pansions of some of the widespread taxa could have been driven by changes in the thermal tolera
ent to a range expansion, or the change could had occurred previous or subsequent to the expans |
| 15476 | 5 | over the past 100 years, earths climate has become warmer and precipitation regimes have change
become warmer and precipitation regimes have changed. can we predict the effects of these chang atic ecological assumptions and studies have shown that projections by alternative models can b ate niches for large numbers of species have previously used the bioclimatic envelope approach, a group of south-american lizards that has suffered extensive radiation, generating a large nu |
| 7716 | 3 | ogical diversity. mutualistic symbioses have been involved in major evolutionary innovations, f
teobacteria. mutualism a huge diversity have emerged and évolués- many forms of symbioses have ed and évolués- many forms of symbioses have been described, but many remain mysterious. . as s |
| 14740 | 2 | nly two species of talitrid amphipods , has been explained by vicariance via plate tectonics, w
y vicariance via plate tectonics, which would have separated littoral populations of ancestral |
| 2064 | 1 | the effects of introduction of species have mainly focused on introduction of exotic species.
|
| 2025 | 2 | he innumerable plants and animals which have determined, in the course of centuries, the propor
rings very true today: while physicists have discovered laws governing the tiniest particles an |
| 10090 | 1 | r relative importance an important idea has been that genetic relatedness will promote co-opera
|
| 11358 | 3 | ance of understanding these connections has been made predominantly for the case of resistance
n-made drugs. nevertheless, the subject has received very little attention from empiricists. he minthic drugs on grouse moors in the uk has led to the evolution of resistance in t. tenuis. th |
| 10470 | 2 | s with large genomes to address this we have selected the plant genus fritillaria for analysis,
ce huge amounts of dna cost-effectively has been developed that enables us to get a handle on g |
| 11415 | 2 | s with large genomes to address this we have selected the plant genus fritillaria for analysis,
ce huge amounts of dna cost-effectively has been developed that enables us to get a handle on g |
| 10119 | 1 | f the ocean is changing to values which have been rare exceptions in the geological record of t
|
| 2495 | 2 | ern norway where almost all individuals have been radio-collared since 1992. combined with deta
ographic characteristics these analyses have shown to be most strongly associated with variatio |
| 14709 | 1 | that codes a protein of about 40.000 da has been studied in this genus, as a partial diagnostic
|
| 10388 | 2 | ival in an increasingly acidified ocean have attracted much attention, particularly, for exampl
range of environments. specifically, we have selected the heterotrophic flagellate oxyrrhis mar |
| 6817 | 2 | 1. a relatively few studies have been done in adult theory of mind. in the recent s
specific psychological mechanisms that have been shaped as a response to particular adaptive p |
| 15257 | 2 | nown or controversial. detailed studies have examined some species but there are few studies of
tire genus. also, none of these studies have addressed the distinct colonization strategies of |
| 10273 | 5 | , with a series of high-profile studies having demonstrated shifts in the geographic distributi
events. to date, however, these studies have typically focussed on the current ecology of popul the current ecology of populations and have necessarily had to ignore the potential for specie european birds. several recent studies have demonstrated this early spring phenomenon in tempe temperate populations, but as yet there have been relatively few detailed studies of the indivi |
| 13422 | 2 | anatolian water buffalo has been the most important animal production material
ter buffalo in-situ and ex-situ program have been carried out at the research station. these ef |
| 13420 | 1 | sheep breed in-situ and ex-situ program have been carried out at the research station. these ef
|
| 13419 | 1 | sheep breed in-situ and ex-situ program have been carried out at the research station. these ef
|
| 13417 | 2 | ation of farm animal genetic resources’ has been conducted since 1995 under the management and
sheep breed in-situ and ex-situ program have been carried out at the research station. these ef |
| 13421 | 1 | grey cattle in-situ and ex-situ program have been carried out at the research station.
|
| 13424 | 1 | sheep breeds. therefore its population has been decreasing day by day as a result of crossbree
|
| 13354 | 1 | l gene bank at aari for seed collection have been designed for the needs of long-term and mediu
|
| 6966 | 1 | o date only in adrenal medullary tumors have been identified germline mutations of genes encodi
|
| 11258 | 2 | rovides some intriguing clues. thus, it has been recognised that all the extinction events of t
sociated, in time, with the extinctions has proved very difficult because the fossil evidence i |
| 11391 | 2 | rovides some intriguing clues. thus, it has been recognised that all the extinction events of t
sociated, in time, with the extinctions has proved very difficult because the fossil evidence i |
| 10528 | 3 | e original marine community or are they biased towards certain animal groups; and what types of
lot study, targeting about 5 kg of rock has shown that the comley limestones are a source of or sequence of shropshire. we will conduct detailed scanning electron microscopy of new fossil mat |
| 470 | 1 | onmental reconstruction of the camargue has been done for the last 10,000 years bp . the ripari
|
| 13859 | 1 | of potato late blight. we will use data generated within a nordic project to see if the domain
|
| 12141 | 1 | ent years the importance of such survey has particularly increased when traditional theories de
|
| 9868 | 7 | there has been a long history of debate among researchers stu
dly similar way or whether each species has evolved its own specialised way of learning. often the best way to test whether an animal has evolved specializations is to make comparisons with s of animals, that might be expected to have evolved the same or a different characteristic dep ed species of fish by the investigators have revealed evidence for an adaptation in stickleback ut the quality of resources from others has evolved in species vulnerable to predation to allow assess whether learning specializations have evolved in response to the hypothesized environmen |
| 11363 | 2 | species. recent pilot analyses that we have performed have shown that inbred male mauritius ke
t pilot analyses that we have performed have shown that inbred male mauritius kestrel fledge si |
| 11103 | 1 | us about the way biogeochemical cycles have changed through time, and the way these influence
|
| 10454 | 1 | recently, it has been shown that ether membrane lipids, typically as
|
| 11523 | 1 | recently, it has been shown that ether membrane lipids, typically as
|
| 6901 | 1 | ble thanks to phd students and postdocs have long been involved in these studies, as demonstrat
|
| 10203 | 5 | ethane concentrations in the atmosphere had been increasing rapidly, but now is quite variable.
ethane increases in the geological past have been linked to global warming. global methane prod hat produce this methane, as only a few have been isolated and studied . also uncultured and li be new marine types, as their presence has been indicated by dna surveys. study sites include rate sediments and mud volcanoes, which have recently been suggested as being an important pote |
| 2107 | 1 | nkton dominated waters. resent research have also shown that kelp is an important carbon source
|
| 10547 | 2 | important first step in this direction has already been taken, through efforts to pool the res
e can address with new marine databases have actually proved very difficult to test on land. ou |
| 12268 | 1 | ystems and farmland biodiversity. defra has funded adas at drayton in warwickshire as one of 12
|
| 7301 | 1 | roduction of parasitoids, its relevance has not been assessed. our project is approached with a
|
| 14228 | 2 | . we will use biodiversity partitioning based on historical species pools to study the extincti
inal diversity consists of species that have been part of historical species pool of habitat. d |
| 11384 | 3 | and the underpinning ecological theory, has been extremely important for designing classificati
he interactions between organisms . zsl has played a key role in developing classifications of elopment of risk classification systems has previously involved reference to theory informed by |
| 15455 | 1 | importance for medicine, something that has been demonstrated in previous studies by our group,
|
| 14589 | 2 | d supplemented areas during the rut. we have shown that these types of management are associate
berian deer subspecies, and so the iucn has considered it within the vulnerable category due to |
| 7548 | 1 | d marie galante where farming practices have changed little. the survey of farmers will identif
|
| 14746 | 3 | unity is not an exception. land erosion has modified fish habitats and threatens species divers
ribute to species richness because they have promoted in the past or are now promoting divergen cology studies, phylogenetic approaches have been little used to elucidate the factors determin |
| 10294 | 5 | 1.8 ppm and about 20% of global warming has been attributed to this potent greenhouse gas. it i
h grow on methane as sole carbon source have been obtained from many environments. cultivation- ait isolation. generally, methanotrophs have been regarded as obligate, ie only growing on meth pathways of facultative metabolism. we have developed a number of physiological and molecular gulate metabolism in this bacterium. we have also developed a number of cutting edge molecular |
| 11660 | 5 | is of the period and its interpretation has been the subject of countless papers. the classic e
ler headdresses and the few pieces that have been excavated have been demineralised and reduced the few pieces that have been excavated have been demineralised and reduced to mucus like jelly lattened and leather like, and the wood has been shown to be severely degraded at the cellular particular site, the results will also have far reaching applications for the management of ot |
| 12511 | 2 | ng systems. traditionally, soil quality has been assessed primarily on physical and chemical pr
o soil health in the systems identified have been interpreted and used. 3.review international |
| 12236 | 2 | defra has long recognised the role of the farmer and land man
delivering environment benefits. there has been a long-standing commitment to the provision of |
| 15577 | 3 | dressing these questions. previous work has demonstrated that agricultural landscapes which con
less semi-natural lands. these results have led to policies where farmers are paid to leave se ions where this may not be feasible. it has been suggested that, in addition to the area of sem |
| 10848 | 3 | od-limited environment and therefore it has been postulated that food availability may well be
es of the diet of such deep-sea species have been relatively unreliable because of the regurgit fatty acids and stable isotope analysis have been established as tools to investigate foraging. |
| 14991 | 2 | last decade, spanish polychaetologists have been collaborating with the fauna iberica project
efforts, two volumes of the faib series have been published dealing with a number of families, |
| 14565 | 1 | biology. the author of this subproject has recently submitted to the editorial board of fauna
|
| 15413 | 2 | nish researchers in polychaete taxonomy have been involved in the iberian fauna project reflect
n a series of volumes. so far 2 volumes have been published regarding this group of marine inve |
| 10533 | 1 | se england, where development pressures have been high in recent times. there is a need for geo
|
| 6882 | 1 | formations from paleontological aspect has been finished 30 years ago . during our actual inve
|
| 11193 | 2 | the last thirty years field biologists have established a number of outstanding long-term ecol
t britain and europe. these populations have played a central role in our current understanding |
| 13971 | 1 | ow mnemiopsis catches prey. we will use sophisticated video methods and mechanistic modeling, i
|
| 15042 | 3 | the different components of a food web has been repeatedly pointed out as a priority on terres
rtile islands. although diverse studies have dealt with the effects of shrubs on soil propertie anisms in fertile islands, none of them have taken the proposed integrating approach. further, |
| 12221 | 2 | st the sources of renewable energy that have been recognised as important are the contributions
cally modified herbicide tolerant crops has shown that the management systems employed can affe |
| 7053 | 1 | fficulty. over the past decade evidence has emerged that all groups of organisms have many cryp
|
| 7305 | 1 | genome of taurine origin and / or zebu, having been privileged manner retained in connection wi
|
| 10529 | 1 | atory and the british geological survey has been formed to undertake work. of particular import
|
| 10457 | 2 | r-fed rivers throughout lowland england have exhibited increases in both suspended sediment loa
er management practices. these increase have resulted in a number of environmental problems not |
| 15505 | 1 | structure in mediterranean forests that have been either submitted to experimental burning or r
|
| 11327 | 2 | era. however, recent research by the pi has highlighted the significant additional contribution
plain a mystery of ocean chemistry that has puzzled oceanographers for decades, i.e. the unexpe |
| 2201 | 1 | ction in some areas where alien species have established will be described and analysed mainly
|
| 2200 | 1 | lages where non-indigenous fish species have established in the drainage area of the baltic sea
|
| 15585 | 2 | s. nevertheless, several recent studies have demonstrated that habitat connectivity is a key de
ment and resilience. while past studies have evaluated suitable future habitats for fishes at t |
| 15507 | 2 | xplaining how offspring begging signals have evolved predict that reliable signals at equilibri
s, however, are incomplete because they have ignored the balance between benefits and costs of |
| 15043 | 2 | y individual quality. such relationship has been little studied in large, long-lived vertebrate
ofound conservation implications, which have never been explored quantitatively. the fitness ef |
| 15044 | 1 | vertebrates. the role of kin selection has been much debated recently. although in most cooper
|
| 14680 | 1 | since vol. xxi have been published, in this vii phase of the project w
|
| 14682 | 1 | and going on with the cooperation as it has been during the last years in previous projects, it
|
| 15497 | 1 | ng journey that began in the 80s, which has allowed the publication of 16 of the 21 planned vol
|
| 14854 | 2 | s of the previous phases of the project have been partially fulfilled, but a certain delay with
ublication of the monographic syntheses has been accumulated. in this sixth phase we try to com |
| 6813 | 1 | vegetation history and climatic changes has developed for the time period after the late oligoc
|
| 222 | 2 | the 20th century the landuse practices have been significantly changed in estonia. the forest
ly changed in estonia. the forest cover has gradually increased since 1930-ies, total area of s |
| 7318 | 2 | tion of griffon vultures in the causses had specifically been studied. in a context of strong r
egulatory constraints, the main results had shown the value of a plot system directly managed b |
| 10612 | 1 | latest studies have shown that the organic cysts of some extant hetero
|
| 14208 | 2 | man-dominated world. however, their use has been mostly restricted to reserve selection only an
selection only and their effectiveness has been criticized for several reasons. we will system |
| 12329 | 1 | evaluation of environmental stewardship had recently been carried out by csl. as part of this p
|
| 11155 | 1 | animal species, yet two clear patterns have emerged. 1 females in most species tend to live mu
|
| 11269 | 3 | goal. at the same time, the world bank has assessed that economic growth from agriculture gene
es where under-nourishment is judged to have increased in prevalence over the period 1990/2-200 reign currency. both kenya and tanzania have identified the expansion of agricultural productiv |
| 11416 | 3 | goal. at the same time, the world bank has assessed that economic growth from agriculture gene
es where under-nourishment is judged to have increased in prevalence over the period 1990/2-200 reign currency. both kenya and tanzania have identified the expansion of agricultural productiv |
| 13369 | 1 | ckpea. survey and collection activities have also been implemented on wild relatives of legumes
|
| 14828 | 1 | t heterogeneity and despotic settlement have been postulated as the main mechanisms of populati
|
| 14836 | 2 | human activity has significantly increased the inputs of nutrients, sp
ients, specially din. different studies have reported that some cyanobacteria communities produ |
| 13371 | 1 | the aim of the project having continued since 1968 is to collect, multiply, ch
|
| 9970 | 1 | election theory, to our knowledge there have been no attempts to test theoretical predictions i
|
| 11359 | 1 | election theory, to our knowledge there have been no attempts to test theoretical predictions i
|
| 10659 | 9 | advanced fellowship, my principle task has been to assess genetic variation within important m
ations of newly identified genotypes. i have collected thousands of samples to date from the hi o different amounts or types of food. i have discovered that the same morphospecies living in b l period began. the antarctic ones also diverged again later and one become adapted to live in environment of the sea-ice while others have found themselves left behind, isolated in a cold c -ice while others have found themselves left behind, isolated in a cold current following the l to different species in the ocean and i have alerted scientists to many of these new evolutiona old regions of the high latitude oceans has highlighted and solved some of these problems. i ha ed and solved some of these problems. i have provided scientists with new ways of improving acc |
| 7145 | 1 | odiversity in forest areas, in which we showed that the former use of forest soils for agricult
|
| 7473 | 1 | me being, large scale genomics projects have been conducted and disseminated widely via the pro
|
| 404 | 1 | tion suggests that forest fertilization had induced a permanent shift of the site index, with a
|
| 14504 | 2 | these effects, and most of the studies have been conducted in united states in temperate river
nd to recognize when the total recovery have been reached. also, we have data from similar stre |
| 14972 | 1 | biggest problem today. a lot of forests have been fragmented along the world due to human impac
|
| 13873 | 2 | orests. however, many epiphytic lichens have declined drastically due to forestry. the same pat
s. in light of that some lichen species have declined recently due to forestry, species composi |
| 10399 | 4 | danish woodland ecologist, frans vera, has argued that the current european management policy
ites to their natural ecological state, has been geared towards this assumption. the implicatio rgument are clear: if he is correct, we have been managing these precious sites and well-record e of potential types of woodlands which may have existed in the past, but they should allow us |
| 11632 | 1 | e the nature of the mineralization that has occurred on the biological and control material. th
|
| 7006 | 2 | although fractal geometry has been applied on various aspects of ecology such as
and body size distribution. few studies have considered spatial scale-dependent aspects of dist |
| 10009 | 2 | and in many areas uninformed management has increased erosion and flooding, and degraded the wa
ersity of streams. whilst much research has been directed at the terrestrial component of moorl |
| 12038 | 1 | y size in freshwater fishes. we further built and used an empirically derived extinction-area c
|
| 14603 | 2 | er column. traditionally, poc formation has been associated with phytoplankton biomass growth,
al framework. to date, this theory only has been recently applied to oceanography. it is preten |
| 1972 | 2 | ieties of similar defence compounds. it has been postulated that these varieties originate from
to insensitive. in dutch populations we have found two naturally occurring chemotypes of barbar |
| 10773 | 1 | ibution and abundance of marine mammals has been identified as one of the sofi priority areas t
|
| 9872 | 10 | to the 9th millennium cal. bc. the site has become internationally renowned due to the richness
1,000 years. the importance of the site has recently been recognised by english heritage, who a ope. more recent excavations since 2004 have produced further important discoveries which rewri r problem: during recent excavations it has been discovered that the organic remains which made ique to this site in the uk, and so far has provided tantalizing glimpses on early methods of w parts of one large platform what was it used for is it a trackway running into the lake how lon y running into the lake how long was it used for how does it relate to the artefacts deposited rtefacts deposited around it how was it constructed an understanding of these issues will not o hows that rainfall totals across the uk have been lowest for over 40 years for the first five m isastrous consequences: i.e. conditions may have become optimal for aerobic decay and the wood |
| 14661 | 3 | fruit size is based on the fact that it has been repeatedly reported as a cue to disperser fora
e of fruit size in endozoochory systems have typically focused on the selective pressures exert es. furthermore, alternative hypothesis have rarely been considered, thus hindering a powerful |
| 2195 | 1 | siculosus populations in the baltic sea has reached such a level that it will be motivated to p
|
| 11592 | 2 | levels of detail. the salca instrument has been tested in laboratory trials, and modelling tec
ratory trials, and modelling techniques have been used to understand the recorded response from |
| 14685 | 4 | n in phenotypic characters. few studies have considered in depth the ultimate ecological and so
he other hand, sexual selection studies have mainly considered male ornaments, despite the fact out which ecological and social factors have promoted the evolution of the aforementioned behav tion with the ecological processes that have shaped them; 4 to examine whether traits involved |
| 10263 | 2 | ictions of future climate conditions as has become increasingly apparent in the last decade due
s of shrinking arctic sea ice in summer has become the focus of media and increasing attention |
| 7641 | 1 | lorinated compounds. chlorine compounds have been heavily used during the last forty years, eit
|
| 11577 | 1 | but which do not have the genes that we had identified in marinomonas. all this will let us ama
|
| 1945 | 1 | roduction. global economic developments have resulted in narrowed crop rotation schemes, enlarg
|
| 10377 | 1 | ising a number of distinct ecotypes. we have recently identified a protein specifically induced
|
| 14197 | 2 | emain unclear. in our previous work, we analyzed the functions of bridges in a series of in viv
idges in a series of in vivo assays. we found that several bridge mutants affect cell growth an |
| 15474 | 2 | es. however, effective functional types have not been yet defined for woody plants. we suggest
traits as those related to xylem which have been little used in functional ecology. the analys |
| 11329 | 4 | articularly interested in the role that has been played by evolutionary transitions between the
xis of variation in plant function that has been invoked to explain significant changes in ecos n regional floras. however, recent work has challenged these long-standing interpretations by d thin a unified framework. this approach has been opened up through significant recent conceptua |
| 13939 | 1 | s diversity in relation to soil horizon have been demonstrated for fungi colonising root tips a
|
| 7020 | 1 | he ever-increasing human footprint that has initiated the anthropocene. increasing globalisatio
|
| 13738 | 1 | tional groups in relation to where they feed, their mobility, and their feeding habit; altogeth
|
| 418 | 2 | biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has emerged as a major scientific issue at present. how
issue at present. however, few studies have measured interactions between soil microorganisms |
| 1953 | 1 | rists, geneticists and phylogeneticists has prevented a deeper understanding of its role in the
|
| 12034 | 1 | ng the functionality of ectomycorrhizas have been measured in an extant network of field experi
|
| 11079 | 1 | ecies by the other. a preliminary study has indicated that decay rate actually changes during t
|
| 10832 | 3 | the laboratory. remarkably, these fungi have escaped attention by ecologists. do they exist in
f the symbiotic fungi. finally, when we have discovered the factors that affect endophyte occur ungi as biological control agents of it have failed. we think that the presence of invisible, a |
| 10187 | 1 | have in natural populations. however it has been suggested that these fungi may play a role in
|
| 15248 | 1 | sonar activities during naval exercises has highly increased environmental, social and scientif
|
| 13558 | 1 | tracted. because biodiversity databases have been established for various purposes, they are st
|
| 14700 | 3 | morphic in secondary sex characters. it has been said that the ultimate cause of sexual dimorph
on secondary sex traits. much research has shown that males and females of dioecious plants pe and consequently gender specialization has been interpreted as an evolved response that may al |
| 15185 | 1 | immigrant genes. we will also carry out controlled pollinations and quantitative genetic assays
|
| 15193 | 1 | s. in the present research proposal, we designed a synthetic and integrative study using the mu
|
| 11240 | 3 | originally described in fruit flies but has since been demonstrated in all animals investigated
pes and their pattern of expression. it has recently been shown that the abundance of krill has been shown that the abundance of krill has dramatically decreased in the antarctic ocean over |
| 11497 | 3 | originally described in fruit flies but has since been demonstrated in all animals investigated
pes and their pattern of expression. it has recently been shown that the abundance of krill has been shown that the abundance of krill has dramatically decreased in the antarctic ocean over |
| 2011 | 2 | cientific advances from the last decade have made available the tools for a powerful dissection
however, while developmental biologists have identified genetic pathways involved in pattern fo |
| 15305 | 1 | the chromosomal inversion polymorphism has been employed to monitor the impact of climate chan
|
| 14126 | 1 | from there, early husbandry techniques have spread in several directions, carried either as an
|
| 14652 | 6 | there. many new andean species of frogs have been described in the last decades, but fast decli
ades, but fast declines and extinctions have also been reported. the field of taxonomy is exper tion or recognition of many new species has been blamed to create instability in species lists her pejorative term taxonomic inflation has been coined to name this phenomenon. one the other recognize and properly identify species has led some authors to point out the need to develop t arcodes on which to base a dna-taxonomy has been proposed as a necessity. testing whether the i |
| 15238 | 1 | . selection experiments in the blackcap have previously demonstrated that incidence and amount
|
| 11616 | 3 | ferential expression of the other. this has been shown in studies of other polyploid hybrids, b
imarily studying dna methylation, which has long been known to be part of the gene silencing pr k at the site of expression of genes we have identified as potentially involved in changes to f |
| 7547 | 1 | emergence of molecular biology methods has made it possible to know their identity, both genet
|
| 11015 | 3 | of costly act to help one another, they run the risk of disruptive cheaters that do not pay the
our to be analysed with great power. we have recently found that even within a small number dif the number of different ways evolution has allowed social strategies to be modified. we will t |
| 9991 | 3 | of costly act to help one another, they run the risk of disruptive cheaters that do not pay the
our to be analysed with great power. we have recently found that even within a small number dif the number of different ways evolution has allowed social strategies to be modified. we will t |
| 14543 | 1 | during the last years there has been a great success in understanding the processes
|
| 10704 | 10 | g how exaggerated male sexual ornaments have evolved through female mate preferences. much rece
uch recent interest in sexual selection has been directed toward understanding the causes of va lue of these traits. in contrast, there has been a neglect of in depth studies of variation in xity of female preference behaviour. we have already developed an excellent system for quantify ect unwanted male mating attempts. this has allowed us to develop protocols to accurately measu individual female mate preferences. we have previously demonstrated that the strength of prefe ition-dependent. several recent studies have shown that females reared under good conditions in . for example, in our previous work, we have shown that female stalk-eyed flies with access to ales with larger sexual ornaments. this has wide ranging implications for the strength of sexua be this prediction in our qtl study. we have already shown that the strength of female preferen |
| 11414 | 10 | g how exaggerated male sexual ornaments have evolved through female mate preferences. much rece
uch recent interest in sexual selection has been directed toward understanding the causes of va lue of these traits. in contrast, there has been a neglect of in depth studies of variation in xity of female preference behaviour. we have already developed an excellent system for quantify ect unwanted male mating attempts. this has allowed us to develop protocols to accurately measu individual female mate preferences. we have previously demonstrated that the strength of prefe ition-dependent. several recent studies have shown that females reared under good conditions in . for example, in our previous work, we have shown that female stalk-eyed flies with access to ales with larger sexual ornaments. this has wide ranging implications for the strength of sexua be this prediction in our qtl study. we have already shown that the strength of female preferen |
| 10923 | 3 | f water and inorganic ions. we recently discovered that the rhd6-related genes control the form
mation of root hairs in arabidopsis. we identified similar genes in moss, a bryophyte. the bryo s and root hairs and that this function has been conserved over the past 400 million years. if |
| 10131 | 2 | d and manage biological diversity. much has been learned about the origin of species since darw
genes over most of their genomes but we have previously shown that about 5% of the genome is pr |
| 11417 | 2 | d and manage biological diversity. much has been learned about the origin of species since darw
genes over most of their genomes but we have previously shown that about 5% of the genome is pr |
| 10892 | 1 | xperiments will use sexual females that have been put through bottlenecks of various sizes, whi
|
| 14438 | 1 | d multiple uses of chestnut, researches have been uncoordinated and dispersed both, spatially a
|
| 14688 | 1 | t could serve as a reference to anybody interested in the theme.
|
| 10766 | 2 | ost common causes of speciation, but it has been argued that sexual selection / the evolution o
of new species in animals. recently it has been found that a species of mexican fish with extr |
| 14219 | 1 | owever, evidence for lower fitness that have opened new possibilities for studying molecular ad
|
| 14781 | 2 | anciscana is native to the americas but has been introduced into the iberian peninsula and othe
scana to establish which native species have been eliminated by this invader. we will also stud |
| 220 | 3 | onservation of biological diversity. it has been shown that the breeding system significantly i
may be too simplified and we need more detailed investigations to exemplify causes and pattern istribution ranges. for this purpose we planned: ·to elucidate the prevaling breeding mode for |
| 2126 | 1 | , species-rich lineages in nature which have been inbreeding for millions of years. what sorts
|
| 14914 | 3 | larger human african genetic diversity has been explained by the african origin of our species
pulations, not analysed in detail, that have been involved in relevant cultural and demographic ed in detail is central . these markers have been shown to be the most informative in order to |
| 14775 | 4 | impact of the different processes that have shaped the current genetic landscape of the andalu
viduals living in municipalities, which have been selected by using historic and demographic cr articular, whether the gibraltar strait has been a corridor to the gene flow with different int h the human history or, by contrary, it has represented an important physical barrier to effect |
| 7585 | 1 | enetic determinism. in this context, we have developed the molecular tools needed to analyze th
|
| 11606 | 2 | the world s biodiversity has been moulded by the quaternary ice ages. these repe
their ranges, adapt or go extinct. they have also promoted diversification. for temperate europ |
| 6904 | 1 | heterogeneous subgroups. our knowledge has been extended concerning the genetic background of
|
| 14653 | 1 | that the molecular detection techniques have experienced, and in the frame of the new challenge
|
| 11539 | 1 | ly when rearing brood. only two studies have tested this prediction, however, with one finding
|
| 15418 | 1 | t approach to the key questions that we set forth unconceivable. our starting hypothesis is tha
|
| 15419 | 1 | t approach to the key questions that we set forth unconceivable. our starting hypothesis is tha
|
| 10838 | 2 | the range edge. studies on butterflies have suggested that the range shifts required of sedent
e range of the butterfly aricia agestis has expanded c. 100 km since 1970, accompanied by genet |
| 6889 | 2 | ties the populations of several species have become fragmented and isolated coupled with decrea
conservation. in the present study, we have chosen two lycaenid butterflies which are endemic |
| 6779 | 3 | mean community. the preliminary results have been published for popular genetic mutation analys
pe of rapeseed in hungary. sometimes we found increased request of spring type of rapeseed. the rapeseed in hungary. sometimes we found increased request of spring type of rapeseed. then we i |
| 11137 | 2 | forms of these birds and because there have often been multiple invasions of white-eye s, many
the amount of time that an island form has had to evolve and natural selection favouring indiv |
| 1995 | 1 | tship and reproductive behaviour, which may have evolved in response to costly interspecific ma
|
| 15255 | 2 | records dating as far back as the 1950s have proven to be a valuable source of information to s
shifts observed, although some progress has been made. recent theory suggests that inversions c |
| 10380 | 1 | gging and parental responses to begging have been studied intensively over the last decade, lit
|
| 14547 | 1 | tions for population viability. steppes have been continuosly modified by agriculture for centu
|
| 15441 | 2 | consequences of unisexual reproduction have been the focus of our research for several years n
our research for several years now. we used beetles of the genus calligrapha and to design pri |
| 11766 | 2 | tional genomics analyses. s. cerevisiae has also become a model organism for pioneering studies
he polyploid origin of the yeast genome have been proposed. the genus saccharomyces includes se |
| 15299 | 1 | of the human genetic diversity analyses have been interested in the high variability found in t
|
| 10761 | 1 | her egg, to her progeny. these bacteria have emerged as very important components of the biolog
|
| 10532 | 2 | ed out by roseobacters, but these phage have received little attention until now. we have isola
received little attention until now. we have isolated three roseophages, including one that inf |
| 11396 | 3 | h large parts of the united kingdom, it has hybridized with a native species resulting in the f
members of this rapidly evolving group have been the subject of detailed investigation by the candidate genes concerned are likely to have had an important role in ecological isolation and |
| 10692 | 2 | lower size. other recent investigations have explored the composition of non-coding dna element
sition of non-coding dna elements which have been found to fall into a range of different types |
| 2027 | 2 | th the rapidly changing environment, it has become even more important to understand how natura
ecosystems, and several insect species have evolved potent immune defences to encapsulate and |
| 11046 | 1 | c character differences. the applicants have studied the genetics of reproductive isolation and
|
| 11287 | 1 | c character differences. the applicants have studied the genetics of reproductive isolation and
|
| 11243 | 7 | ft to go. we need to know how long this has been happening in the past and how quickly it is ha
y birch genome wherever the two species have met, even if it was a long time ago. this means th cies first met, and how far dwarf birch has been pushed back by downy birch. for this to work, wild tree species. until recently, this would have been impossible, but new technology lets us s relatively easily and cheaply. we can read many parts of the dna sequences of the two species r these differences in areas where they have hybridised. for every tree we look at, we can find freely between species, even though we have been interested in it for a long time. so this wor |
| 9820 | 2 | on the genetic variation available. it has been a major challenge to achieve this goal because
ce of quantitative trait locus analysis has improved our ability to dissect the genetic basis o |
| 11060 | 2 | ary biology, because unrelated lineages have acquired very similar appearances to match their c
with a candidate gene that we recently discovered presumably controlling the adaptively favour |
| 15478 | 1 | an eastern spain. our previous research has shown that this symbiosis is highly specific and th
|
| 9869 | 1 | here post-glacial colonisation dynamics have played a strong role. the project will take advant
|
| 10890 | 3 | ed centre of a high-temperature anomaly has shown an anomalous zone of low seismic velocity, ex
iago where systematic sample collection has already been done by the pi. numerical modelling of ntifying where plume-ridge interactions have occurred in the geological past. this will in turn |
| 10286 | 1 | 0 years, the plants living on peatlands have been fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and
|
| 10539 | 1 | 0 years, the plants living on peatlands have been fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and
|
| 11043 | 1 | 0 years, the plants living on peatlands have been fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and
|
| 10199 | 3 | oxygen aid nutrients by planar optrodes have revealed microniche structure. hot spots of microb
ucture. hot spots of microbial activity have been separately identified using dye impregnated i column of a small productive pond that has tightly zoned distributions of micro-organisms. the |
| 10510 | 3 | oxygen aid nutrients by planar optrodes have revealed microniche structure. hot spots of microb
ucture. hot spots of microbial activity have been separately identified using dye impregnated i column of a small productive pond that has tightly zoned distributions of micro-organisms. the |
| 14969 | 2 | life responses to climatic oscillations have been studied by several disciplines, commonly emph
ds. in this project we will use a fully integrated approach to evaluate plant distributional, p |
| 14896 | 1 | ate comparative methods; recent studies have revealed deep genetic differentiation within this
|
| 11378 | 1 | rly understood. only one previous study has ever been conducted, and it was based entirely on a
|
| 10154 | 2 | , which can only take place once a lake has been characterised fully by geophysical methods. of
own subglacial lakes in antarctica none have been measured to the level required for meaningful |
| 10423 | 2 | eath the ice sheets of antarctica. they have attracted considerable scientific interest over th
nalysis can only take place once a lake has been characterised fully by geophysical methods , a |
| 11773 | 2 | eath the ice sheets of antarctica. they have attracted considerable scientific interest over th
nalysis can only take place once a lake has been characterised fully by geophysical methods , a |
| 14916 | 1 | fulness of helminths as biological tags has been analysed in various ecosystems, most frequentl
|
| 10666 | 4 | s to observe our environment in ways we have only dreamt of. we will use a fleet of three robot
ime it comes to the surface. oil prices have risen sharply in recent years, and ships use a gre possibilities are within our grasp. we have assembled a multidisciplinary team of scientists w ss vulnerable to climate change than we have feared. in which case, krill may become a more imp |
| 10668 | 4 | s to observe our environment in ways we have only dreamt of. we will use a fleet of three robot
ime it comes to the surface. oil prices have risen sharply in recent years, and ships use a gre possibilities are within our grasp. we have assembled a multidisciplinary team of scientists w ss vulnerable to climate change than we have feared. in which case, krill may become a more imp |
| 10983 | 4 | s to observe our environment in ways we have only dreamt of. we will use a fleet of three robot
ime it comes to the surface. oil prices have risen sharply in recent years, and ships use a gre possibilities are within our grasp. we have assembled a multidisciplinary team of scientists w ss vulnerable to climate change than we have feared. in which case, krill may become a more imp |
| 11016 | 4 | s to observe our environment in ways we have only dreamt of. we will use a fleet of three robot
ime it comes to the surface. oil prices have risen sharply in recent years, and ships use a gre possibilities are within our grasp. we have assembled a multidisciplinary team of scientists w ss vulnerable to climate change than we have feared. in which case, krill may become a more imp |
| 14369 | 1 | ince the late 1990s, very little change has been observed in the operational systems. a major g
|
| 10424 | 2 | rent biogeographic areas such questions have remained unanswered because effort has focussed on
have remained unanswered because effort has focussed on mapping hotspots, rather than understan |
| 10665 | 2 | rent biogeographic areas such questions have remained unanswered because effort has focussed on
have remained unanswered because effort has focussed on mapping hotspots, rather than understan |
| 10683 | 2 | rent biogeographic areas such questions have remained unanswered because effort has focussed on
have remained unanswered because effort has focussed on mapping hotspots, rather than understan |
| 9899 | 2 | rent biogeographic areas such questions have remained unanswered because effort has focussed on
have remained unanswered because effort has focussed on mapping hotspots, rather than understan |
| 10428 | 3 | . if our project is successful we shall have revolutionised the way the core of biodiversity sc
ence is organised and accessed. we will have radically changed the type of fundamental and appl ence that is possible and we argue will have made a major contribution to one of nerc s seven m |
| 10759 | 3 | . if our project is successful we shall have revolutionised the way the core of biodiversity sc
ence is organised and accessed. we will have radically changed the type of fundamental and appl ence that is possible and we argue will have made a major contribution to one of nerc s seven m |
| 11014 | 3 | . if our project is successful we shall have revolutionised the way the core of biodiversity sc
ence is organised and accessed. we will have radically changed the type of fundamental and appl ence that is possible and we argue will have made a major contribution to one of nerc s seven m |
| 11041 | 5 | all large-scale biological crises that have taken place over the last 550 million years. the f
rs of the end permian event are held to have undergone a slow recovery and were responsible for s. some groups of vertebrates appear to have carried on through the event seemingly unaffected; the event seemingly unaffected; others showed a sudden or steady decrese in abundance and went ever before the end permian; yet others experienced an explosive radiation in the lowermost tri |
| 428 | 4 | and human societies in northern france have been studied over a long period. the first part of
olocene period. a synthesis of the data has been carried out to put into perspective the observ es in wild bovines indicating that they fed on plants growing under the canopy while the higher d by neolithic groups. similar patterns have been highlighted for oxes and aurochs in the recen |
| 7144 | 1 | long term. a first axis of the program has sought to document the biodiversity changes over ti
|
| 15416 | 1 | stems. during the last 3 decades, there has been an increase in the uvb radiation flux to deter
|
| 2008 | 1 | any other region on earth. whilst there have been major efforts in investigating the responses
|
| 417 | 1 | canal area. detailed ecological studies have been carried out there for almost half a century,
|
| 7134 | 3 | nama canal. detailed ecological studies have been conducted there for nearly a half century, an
s on seed dispersal and forest dynamics have helped to gain valuable knowledge about the functi iversity of this ecosystem. our project has sought to study the structural mechanisms of biodiv |
| 9950 | 5 | only 50 native tree species ecologists have been trying to answer the question of just how and
. one of the mechanisms that ecologists have suggested to explain the how so many types of tree the work will build on research that i have been doing over the last few years as part of a la e important findings our research group has made is the discovery that the rate at which trees at the rate at which trees grow and die has increased over the last 25 years. this pattern may |
| 2459 | 2 | arranted. considerable clonal variation has been recorded for norway spruce in resistance towar
the recent genome sequencing of populus has made the genus a model to facilitate tree genetics. |
| 10824 | 1 | ospheric rhs may be more widespread: io has been detected in air masses with little or no coast
|
| 13802 | 1 | a species that during the last 50-years has extended its breeding range enormously to the north
|
| 15367 | 4 | lso ecosystems at risk. many scientists have remarked that the magnitude of the biodiversity lo
ude of the biodiversity loss seen today has only been recorded five other times in the whole ea history. accordingly, some researchers have implied that we could be going towards a sixth mas s. as a result of this project, we will compiled a database on the mammalian evolutionary dynam |
| 10064 | 1 | g once it is set and the way of working has been agreed.
|
| 14492 | 2 | ry in curent research in this field. we have described a case of sex reversal in the mole speci
he function of these genes, a fact that has already been evidenced in some cases. also, we prop |
| 10475 | 1 | nature and behaviour of the great race have been determined the key task will be to understand
|
| 7250 | 2 | determination of the state in this area has resulted in 2004 by the establishment of a national
spaces in the green belt are those who put the most closely related daily a large number of ci |
| 11230 | 1 | agricultural greenhouse gas emissions have been estimated at 20% of china s national emission
|
| 14154 | 2 | however, only a few scientific studies have been committed about the functioning of ecosystems
lt in slower tree growth. the applicant has previously researched ecology and management of bir |
| 7141 | 1 | ate change. as part of this project, we set out to assess the impact of paleoenvironmental chan
|
| 11644 | 2 | ly separated populations of a species - has proved increasingly important in identifying centre
ential to understanding how communities have evolved, and this in turn is central to analyses o |
| 14753 | 3 | the last decade has seen an important rise in the study of adaptive rad
tudy of adaptive radiation. most effort has been devoted to the completion of detailed phylogen -oriented studies of adaptive radiation has not been paralleled by a burst in ecologically-orie |
| 9955 | 1 | isperse to better sites than those that have grown up in enlarged broods.
|
| 15262 | 1 | ast years. in this research project, we aimed to describe the physiological diversity of severa
|
| 2175 | 1 | o explain why large barren ground areas have persisted for decades and contribute to value crea
|
| 10483 | 1 | ls, snail fishes and abyssal eels which have been filmed consuming fish and marine mammal carca
|
| 12379 | 1 | ooms because of the colour of the water have been called red tides'. blooms of some 300 species
|
| 13598 | 4 | pulations by microsatellite markers. we have found that genetically differentiated populations
markers. we have found that genetically differentiated populations of s. marinoi succeed each o azing pressure or competing species. we have also found that for some populations, propagation nt strategy. on large spatial scales we have found that populations of s. marinoi are genetical |
| 10162 | 2 | veniles - and its variability over time has been affected by the harvesting. this is important
to the way they ware before harvesting started. |
| 2152 | 1 | nd for feed to the aquaculture industry has shown a strong increase over the last years in para
|
| 2528 | 1 | nd for feed to the aquaculture industry has shown a strong increase over the last years in para
|
| 2115 | 2 | during the last decades norwegian there has been a large increase in the size of norwegian moos
us studies of moose population dynamics have shown that regulation of moose numbers through hun |
| 9813 | 4 | it has been suggested that silica-induced abrasiveness in
nce is lacking because previous studies have not manipulated silica levels experimentally, nor silica is thought to act, directly. we have developed a new technique for measuring abrasion s herbivores. we will then use grasses we have manipulated to contain different amounts of silica |
| 14377 | 2 | decades, a lot of efforts and resources have been invested to protect the remaining areas, and
ature reserves in the kalmthoutse heide have raised a lot of public concern regarding the vulne |
| 14679 | 1 | le of thriving under extreme conditions have become of interest from both, an academic and biot
|
| 14777 | 1 | hotspots for biodiversity in the planet has certainly allowed for the interesting results obtai
|
| 7217 | 1 | rce of biodiversity or pollution buffer has been demonstrated in other regions. more studies in
|
| 9808 | 2 | - and paternal half sib breeding design has been considerable and in addition to the originally
on to the originally proposed traits, i have taken sperm samples from all males to test the two |
| 2125 | 2 | ublished data on endolithic communities have mainly focused on either the microbial or the fung
y lichens, the lichen-mineral interface has been especially well investigated. resent studies i |
| 11168 | 3 | climate change has been described as one of the most pressing matters
escription of how past climatic changes have affected those ecosystems. this can be achieved by d by examining how climatic variability has impacted marine ecosystems during the last ~10000 y |
| 10270 | 1 | nd is rapidly lost. restoration efforts have started to restore bare peat at a landscape scale
|
| 15195 | 2 | marshes, qualitatively well described, has received few quantitative studies and lacks a histo
last 30 years. in a previous project we developed techniques to analyze the temporal series of |
| 15004 | 6 | haripinae, alloxysta and phaenoglyphis, has never been done. besides, many times in these ecolo
even if the phylogeny of the charipinae has been recently studied and its biodiversity has been n recently studied and its biodiversity has been broadly studied in europe and north america by th its present hosts. once these issues have been elucidated, the main objective of the project the main objective of the project will have been reached: the charipinae, a subfamily that unt arasitism of the hyperparasitoids, will have got the necessary and indispensable basis to be ab |
| 11640 | 8 | tory or in closely-studied field sites, have provided a clear picture of how loss of genetic di
becoming extinct. however, few studies have examined whether this picture holds true for actua rue for actual species extinctions that have been well-documented over the last 200 years. an i e today and for comparable species that have recently gone extinct. museum collections of bird oportion of hawaiian birds are known to have gone extinct, and detailed historical records exis ing the 1800s by european settlers, who valued their brightly coloured feathers as ornaments. b n museum skins of this species known to have been collected across this time period, we can exa ring in which loss of genetic diversity could have contributed to the decline, or whether it s |
| 14747 | 1 | marshes, qualitatively well described, has received few quantitative studies and lacks a histo
|
| 15215 | 4 | f past vegetation and environs where it has been established. likewise, the reconstruction of p
can give us an idea about what changes have occurred and about which factors actually determin nts in the island of gran canaria which has not been studied with these techniques before. besi ll as the effect that first inhabitants could have caused in the composition of this forest. |
| 10924 | 1 | ents, and environmental/climate change, has been largely unrealised. however, the source specif
|
| 11781 | 1 | wo ecologically relevant stressors that have been suggested to have hormetic effects: physical
|
| 10234 | 1 | n their gallwasp hosts, and recent work has generated detailed foodweb for several oak gall com
|
| 10433 | 1 | n their gallwasp hosts, and recent work has generated detailed foodweb for several oak gall com
|
| 10018 | 2 | lations. despite this, few such studies have been undertaken at a large enough scale to improve
onment, or because infected individuals have moved there the proposed project will study a long |
| 10290 | 2 | lations. despite this, few such studies have been undertaken at a large enough scale to improve
onment, or because infected individuals have moved there the proposed project will study a long |
| 9874 | 1 | ronmental parameters. most recently, we showed that genes encoding representatives of the famil
|
| 14182 | 1 | l software, in which the project leader has been actively participating. the project provides f
|
| 11588 | 1 | effects on host biology. most research has focussed on infections by single, virulent parasite
|
| 13760 | 1 | ct standing trees, we will artificially induced defenses using treatment with methyl jasmonate
|
| 196 | 1 | t role in forest ecosystems, this group has not been regionally revised using contemporary meth
|
| 14704 | 1 | sity. the distributions of many species have already changed in conjunction with climate warmin
|
| 11381 | 1 | dges were severed, and which taxa might have used each route.
|
| 11132 | 4 | tise leaf herbivores. in many cases, it has been shown that certain parasitoids respond only to
atively well understood. however, there has been very little research on an intriguing addition vidual plants into a common network. it has been suggested that they may be able to act as cond y of the experiments undertaken to date have identified the importance of particular ecological |
| 9876 | 1 | macrophytes and canopies. fluvial flow has traditionally been analysed and modelled on a time-
|
| 12255 | 2 | at least 5 years. large amounts of land have been converted to set-aside, which in the mid 1990
e agricultural production. many studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of set-as |
| 11401 | 5 | abundant and moderately nutritious, it has often been assumed that ants eat a lot of termites.
ts eat a lot of termites. however, this has only been demonstrated for a small number of specie n. the different species of ant present have already been identified morphologically . for each t only that a particular species of ant has eaten a termite, we can also tell which species of n also tell which species of termite it has eaten. this will allow us to divide up the species |
| 10970 | 5 | er, recently a large number of colonies have died unexpectedly. although the reasons for this r
is that the world-wide spread of varroa may have permanently altered the viral landscape within are almost ubiquitous and, worryingly, have been found in native bees, wasps and bumblebees in e before varroa arrived, since the mite had already spread world-wide before the molecular tool mite and viral pathogens, it will also shed light onto the wider issue of how such invasive pe |
| 2102 | 2 | ut how fisheries management and science have transformed the natural and unmanageable object fi
ct will answer why fisheries management have had success in translating nature and society, but |
| 10488 | 9 | ut of africa and around the globe, they have been implicated in a series of extinction events c
ns during history and recent prehistory have been severe - for example, almost 40% of all histo 0% of all historical mammal extinctions have occurred in the west indies, and this region has a red in the west indies, and this region has altogether lost around 100 native mammals since hum l of now-extinct species. these records have often been used at face value to calculate the tot rehistory, to assess how much damage we have caused to global biodiversity and to predict how m systems in other parts of the world. i have already conducted research into extinct west india as fruit dispersal, that these animals may have had with their environment, and possible effec possible effects that their extinction would have had on west indian ecosystem structure. this |
| 15060 | 1 | d is a globally endangered species that has recently suffered dramatic declines due to agricult
|
| 15301 | 4 | d in the western mediterranean extreme, has been broadly populated from ancient times and has a
enough well-known. this research group has collected in situ a wide sample from autochthonous an populations and other pertinent ones selected from the bibliography. the differentiated stud igrations that arrived, mixed and there would have left its stamp in the andalusia gene pool, w |
| 2130 | 3 | between atlantic salmon and brown trout have recently been detected in rivers vefsna and driva.
in rivers vefsna and driva. both rivers have been infected by the parasite gyrodactylus salaris genes from one species to the other. we have already identified triploid backcrosses in both ri |
| 2092 | 1 | ortance of hybridization in vertebrates has been recognized relatively recently and the mechani
|
| 170 | 1 | reater spotted eagle population, but it has remained poorly studied. the objectives of current
|
| 10441 | 1 | macroinvertebrates during floods. there has been no systematic study linking patch flow structu
|
| 10217 | 3 | f hydrothermal vents over past 30 years have found hundreds of new animal species and shown tha
pecies survive in these unlikely havens has revolutionised ideas about how ecosystems can be su the international census of marine life has identified the mcr as a priority for investigation. |
| 10907 | 3 | f hydrothermal vents over past 30 years have found hundreds of new animal species and shown tha
pecies survive in these unlikely havens has revolutionised ideas about how ecosystems can be su the international census of marine life has identified the mcr as a priority for investigation. |
| 11875 | 5 | we have known for the last 50 years that europe and americ
e last 50 years that europe and america have been moving apart at about 2cm/yr by processes of ental processes of plate tectonics, and has shaped the planet that we live on. yet because we c sonar surveys of the mid atlantic ridge have revealed a new mode of seafloor spreading where a on. up to half of the atlantic seafloor may have formed in this way. these detachment faults ar |
| 7047 | 3 | d to recognize them. while many studies have been carried out on species isolated from soil, li
t on species isolated from soil, little has been known about the biodiversity and ecology of th ma anamorphs from sardinia and tenerife have been conducted, which do not appear to be represen |
| 10489 | 1 | rridors. an increasing body of research has been published in recent years on processes acting
|
| 15414 | 1 | e general aspects of the family will he included, description, identification keys, iconography
|
| 14994 | 1 | f ensifera are endemic and much of them have been included in the red lists of endangered inver
|
| 15411 | 1 | diverse types of investigative studies, has been gathering, compiling and disseminating , the e
|
| 14570 | 1 | fidaceae families and gyalectales order has been completed, with some papers as a result. in th
|
| 14986 | 1 | nt areas of the iberian peninsula which had not been previously explored, will be carried out.
|
| 1985 | 1 | top of this, own physiological research has shown that f. japonica can further spread in our wa
|
| 15480 | 4 | homycetes from litter, near 500 species have been described the iberian peninsula, from which 3
d the iberian peninsula, from which 300 have been identified by our search group mainly due to io de ciencia e innovacion. our studies have allowed to state that the diversity of hyphomycete tioning that many of these hyphomycetes have never been cultured and this is a great limitation |
| 10616 | 1 | we will use recently developed behavioural and physiological bioassays to gu
|
| 12279 | 3 | results in poor water quality. • there have been steep increases in the prices of nitrogen and
enewable. existing elite crop varieties have been developed without regard for water and nutrie his project we will use a new technique known as genome wide association mapping , it will be p |
| 6833 | 1 | . current modern dna-diagnostic methods have been worked out for the analysis of mutations occu
|
| 15103 | 1 | delling of ecosystem dynamics. our team has been monitoring for more than 20 years the coastal
|
| 12613 | 3 | in some local authority staff that they possessed the necessary skills to carry out their roles
by the current economic situation which has resulted in major falls in staff numbers in the con ion in the capacity of the sector. this has not resolved the capability issues identified in re |
| 11364 | 1 | with the availability of eddy flux data has opened up an opportunity to explore the identificat
|
| 14659 | 1 | s of the y-chromosome genetic diversity has been shown to be useful to ascertain phylogenetic r
|
| 12227 | 1 | whilst significant improvements have been made to the fertiliser recommendations for fi
|
| 9844 | 3 | s piezophiles can be found. piezophiles have adapted to grow optimally under extreme conditions
ng bacterium, photobacterium profundum, has been adopted as a model system to understand piezop s nearly complete and a number of tools have been developed to manipulate the dna. preliminary |
| 10581 | 1 | are panmictic. recent statistical tests have been proposed which partial out the influence of p
|
| 11840 | 1 | is lost to the environment. however, it has become apparent that cold-blooded creatures too bec
|
| 10514 | 1 | onia, fires are still on the rise. 2010 has been a year of severe drought and fire in amazonia.
|
| 10490 | 2 | bserve is the evolutionary outcome that has been selected to provide the highest fitness return
likely to survive to have more. studies have shown that caring behaviours and immune responses |
| 11543 | 2 | bserve is the evolutionary outcome that has been selected to provide the highest fitness return
likely to survive to have more. studies have shown that caring behaviours and immune responses |
| 14196 | 2 | d the disease becomes quite serious. we have shown that porcine circovirus type2 based vaccine,
ype2 based vaccine, the latter approach has also been patented by us. infectious diseases of an |
| 6887 | 1 | of the hypothalamus in the food intake has been demonstrate. it is organized by long-loop mech
|
| 15343 | 2 | through the ingestion of pb ammunition, has been reported in many bird species even in protecte
ce of pb exposure. we will address this interconnected response hypothesis by conducting differ |
| 13733 | 2 | dulation and susceptibility to diseases have been poorly investigated. manganese can during hyp
rt to its bioaviable form. recently, we discovered that mn significantly affected the immunity |
| 7175 | 1 | as part of this project, we have i apprehended the spatiotemporal dynamics of larval and d
|
| 14779 | 2 | oth chemical fertilizers and pesticides has allowed a huge increase in food production in the l
on the earth. however, intensification has caused severe costs to the wild nature. farming is |
| 7634 | 1 | pogenic ecosystem management approaches have led to a decline in soil fertility and biodiversit
|
| 1084 | 2 | ide estuaries, of mangrove forests that have played a protective role and whose actual state is
s, allowing to compare the effects that have occurred to provide baseline criteria to the envir |
| 13890 | 1 | temperature and soil respiration rates have been affected. effect further depends on habitat p
|
| 12225 | 4 | for use on a wide range of crops. adas have produced, and published, a series of reports looki
d dairyco on forage and grassland. adas have also collated data for pgro on pulses, pgro are co final report. in addition hdc and defra have funded the collation of data looking at the yield 15 specified horticultural crops. there has been no economic analysis or investigation of wider |
| 161 | 1 | index of estonian forests was found to have increased during the last decades. the increasing
|
| 147 | 1 | studies on global climate have revealed that the conditions in the northern hemis
|
| 6961 | 1 | the recent years several insect species have shown substantial northward area expansion in euro
|
| 13725 | 2 | of mammal communities. large predators have been heavily persecuted and many populations have
heavily persecuted and many populations have declined or gone extinct. some declines were follo |
| 7536 | 1 | spatial organization, their management, have been well characterized for their ecology. we want
|
| 544 | 2 | we analysed annual cone production in larch for 30 consecu
n by the parasitism of strobilomyia. we showed evidence of asymmetric competition among strobil |
| 427 | 3 | act of humans on biodiversity worldwide has highly increased. the global climate change is prob
er these questions. in this context, we developed different phylogeographic studies on four eur torical events of its host. finally, we showed in a morphometrical study on a. sylvaticus, that |
| 14983 | 2 | ent. the importance of its conservation has been widely recognized at world-wide of ecological
l and international levels. these zones have had, until today, an increasing human pressure, su |
| 14141 | 2 | tmospheric humidity on tree performance has still been scarcely investigated. air humidity can
understory vegetation. the second phase has been designed to complement the aforementioned fahm |
| 10305 | 1 | pplications such as bioremediation, and have been mooted as having great potential in fields su
|
| 10940 | 3 | res in mineral grains of podzolic soils has challenged conventional views on mineral weathering
mineral weathering in forest soils. it has been hypothesised that these micropores are formed their nutrient demands. previously, we have shown that ectomycorrhizal fungi can excrete large |
| 165 | 1 | ing the last 40 years more than 9000 ha have been afforested. it is economically reasonable to
|
| 187 | 1 | ies of different scots pine populations have shown that patterns in needle traits observed alon
|
| 10004 | 1 | e for calcite dissolution. we will also put granules in soil columns and monitor dissolution th
|
| 15448 | 1 | s espetial attention in those ones less studied until now, but that also they have a high agric
|
| 11818 | 4 | e carbon fluxes into deep-sea sediments have been studied. however, to date the impact of subma
impact of submarine landscape geometry has received virtually no attention. this is despite co vasive submarine landscape changes that must have occurred as a result of the rearrangements of ties vary spatially in the deep sea and may have varied temporally over ice age cycles, thereby |
| 14223 | 1 | changes, their frequency and magnitude has increased significantly in recent decades. many new
|
| 13526 | 2 | during the last decades, we have witnessed a dramatic increase in the occurrence of
opment. however, while previous studies have investigated cyanobacteria-grazer interactions in |
| 10155 | 2 | e average acidity of the world s oceans has been stable for the last 25 million years. however,
ternational meetings scientific experts have concluded that new research is urgently needed. in |
| 10414 | 2 | e average acidity of the world s oceans has been stable for the last 25 million years. however,
ternational meetings scientific experts have concluded that new research is urgently needed. in |
| 10422 | 2 | e average acidity of the world s oceans has been stable for the last 25 million years. however,
ternational meetings scientific experts have concluded that new research is urgently needed. in |
| 10758 | 2 | e average acidity of the world s oceans has been stable for the last 25 million years. however,
ternational meetings scientific experts have concluded that new research is urgently needed. in |
| 10915 | 2 | e average acidity of the world s oceans has been stable for the last 25 million years. however,
ternational meetings scientific experts have concluded that new research is urgently needed. in |
| 11423 | 2 | e average acidity of the world s oceans has been stable for the last 25 million years. however,
ternational meetings scientific experts have concluded that new research is urgently needed. in |
| 11693 | 2 | e average acidity of the world s oceans has been stable for the last 25 million years. however,
ternational meetings scientific experts have concluded that new research is urgently needed. in |
| 11706 | 2 | e average acidity of the world s oceans has been stable for the last 25 million years. however,
ternational meetings scientific experts have concluded that new research is urgently needed. in |
| 9879 | 2 | e average acidity of the world s oceans has been stable for the last 25 million years. however,
ternational meetings scientific experts have concluded that new research is urgently needed. in |
| 12571 | 1 | ocks in england and wales. it will also used to advise on factors affecting stocks and the pote
|
| 15271 | 1 | in europe for this kind of task, which has been already identified by the convention as a need
|
| 10032 | 7 | rivers have been described as simply outcrops of groundwater .
ogy: so much so that the hyporheic zone has been ascribed pollutant attenuating properties by s river. although quite a few researchers have recognised that the hyporheic zone has some specia cial control on the river habitat, most have looked at it only from the perspective of the rela of the sediments of the riverbed. they have ignored the fact that as well as downward flux fro re important because the hyporheic zone has been proposed as a zone in which nitrogen attenuati which nitrogen attenuation occurs. this has led to the proposition that the movement of groundw |
| 11842 | 7 | rivers have been described as simply outcrops of groundwater .
ogy: so much so that the hyporheic zone has been ascribed pollutant attenuating properties by s river. although quite a few researchers have recognised that the hyporheic zone has some specia cial control on the river habitat, most have looked at it only from the perspective of the rela of the sediments of the riverbed. they have ignored the fact that as well as downward flux fro re important because the hyporheic zone has been proposed as a zone in which nitrogen attenuati which nitrogen attenuation occurs. this has led to the proposition that the movement of groundw |
| 15135 | 1 | ecological theory has stressed the role of fluctuations in favoring the s
|
| 13885 | 2 | invasive nonnative species that have successfully spread outside their native range are
r control actions. the previous studies have often neglected density dependence and environment |
| 13418 | 1 | çine çaparı sheep breed in-situ program has been carried out at the research station. these eff
|
| 11638 | 1 | is not know from which plant group they originated or how a single seed-megaspore evolved from
|
| 15049 | 1 | the display system described in here it has been previously developed by us at the department o
|
| 12035 | 3 | cal disturbance . using dna analyses we studied the induced changes in bacterial diversity. fin
ges in bacterial diversity. finally, we elaborated three softwares for modeling the relation be decrease in their toxicity. finally we observed an very high bacterial diversity in these sedi |
| 13825 | 2 | candinavain wolf population. because it has been monitored since it, through natural immigratio
al immigration, was faunded in 1983, we have managed to construct a near complete pedigree, an |
| 2468 | 1 | continuous debate. recent developments have emphasised the potential of ecological speciation
|
| 10789 | 3 | the study of dna in living organisms has revolutionised how we conceptualise and analyse the
istic analyses, but more recently these have been used only to supplement analyses based on dna ng gnetales shows that phylogeneticists have previously been misinterpreting their male organs, |
| 10407 | 5 | the objectives section of this form. es have emerged as a key focus for those concerned with th
rks are still needed. although progress has been made through the world-leading espa initiative luating outcomes. although the partners have worked together before in different combinations, develop an holistic perspective on what has been a fragmented field. the indes team will theref e ppdg and rcg will be lead by cem, who have been committed to taking the es and sustainable de |
| 13745 | 2 | in n swedish lapland. my research group has been working at the latnjajaure field station since
, etc. our efforts in landscape ecology has generated a detailed gis-based vegetation map of th |
| 7484 | 1 | organic and low-input farming systems have been shown to benefit farmland biodiversity althou
|
| 7101 | 1 | d maintenance of human activities which have seen their implementation over the last 10 years i
|
| 512 | 2 | since 1992, europe has created a network of ecologic sites called natura 2
tivities , which over the last 10 years have experienced their implementation in the network of |
| 2134 | 2 | several institutions, and though there has been some recaptures of tagged individuals, the ori
ries, salman, working towards this goal has been established. all laboratories will use a commo |
| 14477 | 1 | ion of populations of large vertebrates has not taken into account the fact that these populati
|
| 11037 | 9 | managing and conserving populations and has interested biologists for more than three centuries
ulation size, i.e. population dynamics, has concentrated on investigating the changes in number ividuals. over the last few years there has been an increasing realisation that differences bet ment over time. in addition, biologists have realised that evolutionary change can happen much nary change can happen much faster than had previously been appreciated and that ecological and of some individuals leaving all others unchanged. we expect that our work will allow us to und ulation size. the approach we will take has never been applied to animals. we will use data fro opulations of soil mites. these systems have been chosen because previous research has provided e been chosen because previous research has provided a good understanding of many aspects of th |
| 11566 | 9 | managing and conserving populations and has interested biologists for more than three centuries
ulation size, i.e. population dynamics, has concentrated on investigating the changes in number ividuals. over the last few years there has been an increasing realisation that differences bet ment over time. in addition, biologists have realised that evolutionary change can happen much nary change can happen much faster than had previously been appreciated and that ecological and of some individuals leaving all others unchanged. we expect that our work will allow us to und ulation size. the approach we will take has never been applied to animals. we will use data fro opulations of soil mites. these systems have been chosen because previous research has provided e been chosen because previous research has provided a good understanding of many aspects of th |
| 7188 | 1 | by comparing theory and experiment, we analyzed the selection pressures on phenotypic characte
|
| 10521 | 3 | population density in birds and mammals have focussed on studies where recruitment and survival
ise her offspring but, although studies have commonly investigated the evolution of reproductiv lling group size and population density have rarely been explored. this study will investigate |
| 11010 | 3 | population density in birds and mammals have focussed on studies where recruitment and survival
ise her offspring but, although studies have commonly investigated the evolution of reproductiv lling group size and population density have rarely been explored. this study will investigate |
| 1967 | 1 | y. recent advances in ecological theory have pointed to the importance of interaction strength
|
| 14657 | 2 | al dimorphism. this frequent phenomenon has been traditionally explained by both non functional
ntly two new and alternative hypotheses have been proposed; they include the effect of inflores |
| 15338 | 1 | ntained in these landscapes, so it will become urgent to evaluate the effects that the habitat
|
| 13577 | 1 | climate change has been predicted to cause increased river inflow into
|
| 10132 | 1 | t climate change, especially that which has occurred since the end of the last ice age about 11
|
| 10664 | 1 | t climate change, especially that which has occurred since the end of the last ice age about 11
|
| 15400 | 1 | udies conducted during the past decades has been noted that one of the most serious consequence
|
| 191 | 1 | the external nutrient loads to the gulf have declined during the last decade, the water dissolv
|
| 15047 | 5 | mination mainly by petroleum and metals has had a toxic effect on the ecosystems in which cyano
eters. fibre optics and microelectrodes have resolved the determination of the former, but it h the determination of the former, but it has proven much more difficult to determine the biomass of the previous project, our work group has perfected a methodology based on confocal laser mic m. also, and thanks to said project, we used microcosms of the spectral clsm to analyse the phy |
| 14171 | 1 | er, the majority of experiments in past have been focused on the effect of a single environment
|
| 14713 | 1 | human activity has significantly altered the global biogeochemical cyc
|
| 14714 | 1 | human activity has significantly altered the global biogeochemical cyc
|
| 14493 | 1 | udy how the changes of national borders may have affected the mating pattern and therefore, the
|
| 14982 | 4 | more than 60 % of the coastal wetlands have disappeared in spain pressed by development progra
s. the importance of their conservation has been reflected on different national or internation haracteristic of the mediterranean area have been selected, to ensure a wide applicability of t ercial lagoons in europe. these systems have been protected by different official figures such |
| 7177 | 1 | gundo, species native to north america, has spread widely in the alluvial plains of the garonne
|
| 15085 | 1 | ng mortality in larval and adult stages have been already identified, little is known about the
|
| 15470 | 6 | have physiological activity. our group has described the morphological and physiological chang
ting the vbnc phenotype. this behaviour has been described in more than 60 bacterial species, a public health. throughout the year, it has been demonstrated that, during the cold season, the is not detected in aquatic systems. it has ben proved that, as an answer to suboptimal tempera iological and molecular characteristics have been described associated with the behaviour of th e environment are little known and they required a deeper study. in the same way, the reversion |
| 12219 | 1 | riving environmental stewardship, defra has supported a significant portfolio of research to en
|
| 7483 | 1 | of eu agriculture, but intensification has been accompanied by an increase in n surplus. this
|
| 12554 | 1 | and environmental change - threats that have increased over the last five to ten years. the ste
|
| 2530 | 1 | cold-water coral reefs and communities have received political and management attention only r
|
| 1087 | 2 | cesses of evolution and speciation that have generated, and still generate, the diversity of th
ispersal, polyploidy, and hybridisation have acted either in succession or in parallel to deter |
| 14444 | 1 | egumes, l. japonicus and m. truncatula, have been proposed for molecular genetics research. the
|
| 7201 | 1 | the grenelle of the environment, france has decided to reduce by 50% the use of pesticides by 2
|
| 7196 | 2 | ummer. the problems that this situation has given rise to have been behind the launch of an exp
s that this situation has given rise to have been behind the launch of an experimental project |
| 11776 | 1 | opean mammals. we will combine recently developed ancient dna approaches with species distribut
|
| 472 | 1 | opean mammals. we will combine recently developed ancient dna approaches with species distribut
|
| 13727 | 1 | o generate data are by no means new. we have documented experience of interdisciplinary researc
|
| 12542 | 7 | fungal systematics. at warwick hri, we have been using a combination of molecular and biologic
d mycotoxin producers. fusarium species have also emerged as opportunistic pathogens causing li immuno-compromised patients. this genus has had a confusing and unstable taxonomic history as i for example, f. oxysporum f. sp. rapae has recently been described as a new pathogen on rape i n f. begoniae, a new species f. foetens has been identified as the causal agent of a new diseas these studies, various research groups have tended to use different sets of dna markers such a er genes to resolve taxonomic conflicts has been recognised. multigene dna barcoding is emergin |
| 10536 | 2 | be able to move to new regions as they become climatically suitable. evidence for british butt
example, some butterflies and crickets have involved increased dispersal ability as they move |
| 9825 | 2 | be able to move to new regions as they become climatically suitable. evidence for british butt
example, some butterflies and crickets have involved increased dispersal ability as they move |
| 15304 | 1 | h the most likely scenario is that they have arisen independently in different families, genera
|
| 10252 | 1 | ion and rigour. while the supreme court has imposed a net present value charge on forest conver
|
| 10425 | 2 | ate change. until now, conservationists have been mainly concerned with habitats and species, a
oncerned with habitats and species, and have neglected to consider a third strand of biodiversi |
| 10990 | 2 | ate change. until now, conservationists have been mainly concerned with habitats and species, a
oncerned with habitats and species, and have neglected to consider a third strand of biodiversi |
| 11173 | 2 | ate change. until now, conservationists have been mainly concerned with habitats and species, a
oncerned with habitats and species, and have neglected to consider a third strand of biodiversi |
| 11167 | 1 | ions. for many years, expert scientists have evaluated published kinetic data and made it avail
|
| 13452 | 2 | farmland birds have been declining rapidly during the last 30 years as
sult of intensified agriculture. the eu has promoted agri-environmental schemes develop efficie |
| 10649 | 3 | quantify the soil micro-environment. it has become increasingly apparent that we need novel tec
inated with metals. the opacity of soil has hampered progress in our understanding of physico-c scopic and micro-spectroscopic analyses have begun to address this. however, these techniques t |
| 192 | 1 | n experimental and natural environments has not been applied yet anywhere. information about un
|
| 14513 | 1 | combined with the technical limitations have restricted the use of these technologies on a regu
|
| 15082 | 1 | globally. thus, research on amphibians has become a priority. in addition, there is a remarkab
|
| 9882 | 1 | in recent years, evidence has emerged that dramatic changes in ecosystem processe
|
| 480 | 1 | in recent years, evidence has emerged that dramatic changes in ecosystem processe
|
| 2494 | 1 | annah forest of the holocene wet period has now contracted. isolated and possibly relict tree p
|
| 13774 | 1 | ce for a configuration of both cues. it has also been found that some hawkmoths relies on odour
|
| 13865 | 2 | ral wetlands in agricultural landscapes have been drained to gain arable land. this has resulte
been drained to gain arable land. this has resulted in a severe loss of biodiversity and nutri |
| 2141 | 3 | nter-adaptations in hosts and parasites have previously been revealed, but few studies have con
eviously been revealed, but few studies have considered dynamics between and within several hos individual female parasites apparently have specialized on particular host species. more speci |
| 430 | 1 | we used fossil plant assemblages from the cretaceous the w
|
| 9849 | 1 | work at warwick has demonstrated that river sediment bed-form, such as
|
| 14852 | 2 | in the last years we have undergone the characterization of salinibacter rub
ies in its natural habitat. besides, we have started the study of the halophage comunity that s |
| 14929 | 1 | er projects in previous calls. our team has made important contributions in the field of brood
|
| 15194 | 2 | se elements can be immobilized. studies have been and are being made on inorganic processes aff
for the radioactive waste repositories has been early and well investigated. in the case of cl |
| 15500 | 5 | ssible to generalize on the causes that have originated the present distribution ranges of bryo
e of the last decades, numerous studies have enlarged the taxonomic, ecological and biogeograph ge on this genus, but in parallel, they have evidenced the need of phylogenetic and phylogeogra cters allowing for their discrimination have not been found. moreover, the proposed work can br chum, especially on subgenus pulchella, have provided with a large number of case studies, on w |
| 6863 | 3 | ’ leading palaeopathological researches has been the reconstruction of past epidemics. we propo
hurch of vác, hungary. previous studies have shown the usability of laparoscopic, x-ray, ct and ive effect of modern medical treatments did not affected this population, unlike today the natu |
| 11527 | 1 | which an offer of publication as a book has been received.
|
| 1949 | 2 | oraging animals. yet, empirical studies have not kept pace with the jumps ideal free theory has
t pace with the jumps ideal free theory has made and at present experiments for the general cas |
| 11561 | 2 | although the sub-seafloor biosphere has been estimated to contain a large proportion of the
lity an international sample comparison has been set up. cardiff university is the only uk labo |
| 11468 | 1 | sign for nonlinear stochastic systems - have received little attention. the proposed workshop w
|
| 6956 | 1 | ous basic aspects, the results may also have applied relevance since the saccharomyces species
|
| 15089 | 4 | ur attention to the biotic factors that have been least explored, such as species interaction a
this information in mind, this project has been designed with the aim of establishing a method park with mediterranean mature forests has been selected as our study area; the scarabaeoidea es and the saproxylic diptera syrphidae have been selected as the groups of species interperfor |
| 15067 | 3 | we have developed a project about the molecular phylogeny
geny of the genus aeromonas. this study has allowed us to establish a experimental protocol for n a of the polar flagellum. these genes have exhibited different degrees of differentiation at |
| 6874 | 2 | ebae, the role of prokaryotic symbionts has been investigated in some cytological research obje
uman pathogenic protozoans, however, it has been neglected in other freeliving species. thus, i |
| 2512 | 1 | rable interest, is oxidative stress. it has been suggested that increased energy expenditure le
|
| 2040 | 1 | the connection between the two regions has been established and that this will decrease gradua
|
| 7602 | 1 | traints and objectives that the players have set themselves. the application framework of our p
|
| 7169 | 3 | r, especially in the tropics. some taxa have undergone recent invasions and well documented, of
of which were studied in this project, have invaded fresh waters of the tropics, where they se ject were partially prosecuted and / or have given rise to new research perspectives |
| 7162 | 1 | rlying invasive phenomena in general we selected as an introduced species. it appears that an e
|
| 14841 | 1 | population genetics of invasive species has been relatively unexplored, even though the genetic
|
| 12477 | 1 | project a number of specific objectives have been set: - objective 1: develop a data framework
|
| 11624 | 2 | recent nerc-funded research has revealed that sedimentary deposits to investigate t
is found in, or whether water movement may have carried it up or down the profile. we will amp |
| 12552 | 1 | andidate apiaries will be identified by having never shown efb symptoms despite being in a high
|
| 10605 | 2 | at is crucial to whether or not species have been able to shift their distributions in response
k climate change. however, such changes have rarely been considered. this project will examine |
| 10124 | 1 | t will develop the research at uoe that has begun to elucidate na catabolic pathways. a key pro
|
| 13876 | 1 | although a great number of studies have been performed the past decades on the relationshi
|
| 11349 | 1 | whether oscillations in these processes may have contributed to glacial-interglacial climate ch
|
| 10860 | 4 | species and even groups of species. it has been implicated in the evolution of the hawaiian cr
nces. in species in which hybridization has occurred, dna sequences from both the parental spec e evolutionary history of which species have hybridised to produce new species to be determined mine whether the genome of each species has been doubled in its evolutionary history. |
| 11189 | 4 | species and even groups of species. it has been implicated in the evolution of the hawaiian cr
nces. in species in which hybridization has occurred, dna sequences from both the parental spec e evolutionary history of which species have hybridised to produce new species to be determined mine whether the genome of each species has been doubled in its evolutionary history. |
| 6911 | 1 | he proximal muscles. the pathomechanism has remained unknown; although it is assumed that in ge
|
| 6814 | 2 | community studies of small mammals have revealed that the diversity of a community is posi
990s. still, few hungarian case studies have been performed on small mammal communities, especi |
| 11451 | 1 | stigation of juvenile bone of this date has been made and adult bone has never previously been
|
| 2505 | 1 | dynamics of shrimp. microsatellite loci have already been developed by swedish partners and tes
|
| 168 | 1 | herbs. the effect we are going to study has not been considered in common models of population
|
| 217 | 1 | function of avian eggshell-pigmentation has been discussed without agreement since first half o
|
| 10715 | 1 | cycles. very few previous such studies have been conducted. the research described will be car
|
| 10396 | 1 | a food resource for other organisms. it has been found that the dissolved organic compounds in
|
| 11499 | 1 | f helping behaviour in animal societies has been a major focus for evolutionary biologists ever
|
| 15080 | 1 | tions to the environment that we humans have endured along our evolutionary history tell us abo
|
| 13522 | 1 | h still diverse compared to the matrix, have experienced a continued species loss for many year
|
| 10170 | 1 | established claim is that colour vision has been tuned to the particular visuo-ecological condi
|
| 10805 | 9 | since then, the panel s major findings have shown that air temperatures and sea levels are ris
of the fastest climate changes on earth have taken place at the antarctic peninsula, the warmes dramatic climate changes ever witnessed have occurred during the last decade, when, in 1995 and movie. more importantly, the collapses have left scientists unsure as to what caused them and e wake of each collapse, new embayments have been revealed where the floating larsen ice shelf xist, and glaciers inland of these bays have accelerated, calving enough extra ice to raise glo e larsen-c section were to collapse. we have designed a series of experiments, combining satell h, like tree rings, tell us how climate has changed over the past century. when combined with n pected. once the cause of the collapses has been identified, we will build a computer model of |
| 15495 | 1 | ng journey that began in the 80s, which has allowed the publication of 16 of the 21 planned vol
|
| 10879 | 3 | s giant tortoises and flightless birds, has been a signature of man s island occupation since t
do raphus and the tortoise cylindraspis have disappeared. other fauna has also vanished, but do indraspis have disappeared. other fauna has also vanished, but documentary evidence for the pre |
| 14907 | 1 | om three field experiments, two of them placed in spain and one in usa. such data sets allow us
|
| 7468 | 1 | europes four regional seas . we have developed a new approach of decision space analysi
|
| 459 | 2 | gradations a network of protected areas has been set up in mayotte and is at planning stage on
vance of the network of protected areas have been evaluated other than on other groups of super |
| 10544 | 2 | euticals in the environment potentially have wide reaching deleterious impacts on wildlife and
. population level declines in wildlife have resulted from exposure to pharmaceuticals into the |
| 7015 | 1 | ey species are grazed down. recent work has proposed that this interaction between predation an
|
| 14599 | 3 | during the last years, jellies blooms has been observed in different places along the mediter
ts over fishing and tourists activities have made necessary the actuation of local and regional local and regional administrations and have evidenced the need of a better information about t |
| 10751 | 1 | interaction with bacterial populations have tended to concentrate on lytic phages and their ef
|
| 11475 | 1 | interaction with bacterial populations have tended to concentrate on lytic phages and their ef
|
| 2525 | 1 | mented populations. danish field trials have implicated a genetic component in host resistance
|
| 2543 | 6 | ian landscapes. nature conservationists have raised concerns that the growing deer population m
funding. large efforts and investments have already been made in experimental design and data gulate grazed control area per site. we have also estimated a gradient in grazing intensity by alone. detailed sampling of vegetation has been performed in permanent plots since 2001. infor engths of this proposal. in addition we have planned new data recordings prepared together with of important food plants. moreover, we have designed a special research module to deal with th |
| 2544 | 4 | shall identify how international issues have been addressed so far within the current managemen
rrent reforms of the management regimes have been finalized. on this basis, the project will an onal commitments, explain why such gaps have occurred or are likely to occur, identify possible ferent elements of internationalization has been reflected in the existing norwegian management |
| 2520 | 1 | l migration pattern in large herbivores have been largely ignored. ticks can carry and transmit
|
| 2521 | 3 | the norwegian government has initiated regional planning an instrument for wild
e comprehensive wild reindeer policy we have selected the mountain systems of southern norway a ing is a weak planning institution, but have been recently strengthen by the potential for appr |
| 2540 | 3 | anagement tools and economic incentives have been used to reduce the increasing agricultural da
ion of the conflict. furthermore, there has been no overall evaluation of the effectiveness of eness of management and lessons learned have not been systematically collated and made availabl |
| 2524 | 2 | s of aphyllophorous fungi that have and have not responded negatively to forest management and
tial fraction of the well-known species has declined. in all fennoscandian countries, around 20 |
| 13571 | 4 | changes in land use have dramatically changed species composition in the ag
of plant populations. primula farinosa has decreased dramatically in sweden in recent years du ong-scaped and a short-scaped morph. we have demonstrated that scape length affects the risk of models. this kind of viability analysis has not been carried out previously. |
| 13986 | 2 | nt biodiversity patterns. however, this has not been verified using historical species patterns
islands in the baltic archipelago that have never been geographically analysed before. it is a |
| 15458 | 1 | nd land area used for extensive grazing has declined. changes are occurring in two directions:
|
| 12610 | 1 | technology selection and whether these have changed over the last decade, and also suggest lik
|
| 13723 | 1 | n a mosaic, cultural landscape where we have detailed data on landscape structure and the histo
|
| 439 | 3 | abitat fragmentation on natural systems has resulted in a growing demand for tools to predict a
elling value for each land use type, we calibrated the model by confronting migration areas cal impact on the landscape connectvity, we tested the predictive power of the migration area on th |
| 10411 | 6 | pathways out of rural poverty. while es have always been critical to the success of agriculture
al to the success of agriculture, there has recently been a surge in studies on the relationshi population exceeding 1.3 billion, china has been able to produce nearly all its food demand fro ted land endowment. this accomplishment has been achieved primarily by increasing the level of o early 1990s, stagnant yield potential has been the recent trend characterizing chinese agricu griculture since the late 1990s. yields have been stagnant for the past 10 years in the rice pr |
| 10123 | 1 | es; the migratory saiga antelope. there has been substantial and quantifiable environmental and
|
| 10314 | 1 | laboratory studies, and recent research has suggested that laboratory results do not always tra
|
| 14121 | 1 | nservation. until recently biodiversity has been viewed on the level of species richness. howev
|
| 14621 | 1 | and birds in which several individuals have been sequenced will be collected, with the purpose
|
| 10326 | 2 | g marine intertidal community structure have been hindered by the lack of a convenient means of
the benthos on wave-exposed shores. we have developed a simple and robust means of quantifying |
| 11084 | 1 | nge. the project develops a pilot study has provided 45 km of palaeochannels and a unique oppor
|
| 11489 | 1 | dwaters, despite the fact that the nile has long been recognized as critical to the resources o
|
| 11518 | 1 | dwaters, despite the fact that the nile has long been recognized as critical to the resources o
|
| 15481 | 2 | should be noted that the advances that have been accomplished in recent decades on the knowled
because the geobotanical interpretation has been . the work that is covered in this proposal co |
| 7225 | 1 | outhwestern islands of the indian ocean have been identified as a global biodiversity hotspot.
|
| 466 | 2 | ds in the southwest of the indian ocean have been listed as hotspots for global biodiversity. w
c richness, by focusing on a group that has not been the subject of many studies: the bryophyte |
| 14935 | 2 | soning remains present. several studies have shown that lead shot are ingested by waterfowl whe
d bioavailability. grit supplementation has been effective in the control of diseases in other |
| 14797 | 2 | the actinobacteria have been well characterized in the literature for thei
reptosporangium and microbispora and it has been suggested that this endobiota contain an impor |
| 14809 | 9 | ation standpoint, global climate change has come to accelerate the rate of destruction of biodi
earths movement across the solar system have shaped mediterranean ecosystems and have converted ave shaped mediterranean ecosystems and have converted this region in one of the planetary hot- and a long-history of human occupation have had a deep impact on mediterranean biological comm editerranean biological communities and have brought many endemics to the verge of extinction. n is controversial. traditionally, they have been considered to have promoted speciation by fra itionally, they have been considered to have promoted speciation by fragmentation of distributi ed populations. however, molecular data have revealed that time of origin usually predates the ng the pliocene or before. some authors have even proposed that climatic changes actually inhib |
| 7040 | 1 | chen associates in selected species. we found that the area is rich in lichen species which are
|
| 15040 | 1 | and systematic placement of these fungi have been frustrated by the difficulty of securing suff
|
| 14155 | 3 | en them is inevitable. numerous studies have described trade-offs between sexual and clonal rep
effect of heterogeneity on plant growth has also been rarely addressed in natural conditions. w de-spread abandonment of these habitats has caused serious concerns in nature conservation as i |
| 14159 | 1 | lant, although the effect of the latter has not been explored yet. one could expect that larger
|
| 11722 | 1 | could potentially be responsible. these have not been separated. however, it is important that
|
| 150 | 1 | ases in which such an abstract approach has been justified but there are cases where this is de
|
| 11095 | 1 | specific ways. furthermore some species have been studied in considerable detail. all seals are
|
| 2457 | 1 | he management of those species. it will become more important to understand how management prac
|
| 13926 | 1 | f the juvenile period. this discrepancy has been largely neglected in insect life history theor
|
| 10866 | 2 | relations between body size and fitness have led to a pervasive bigger is better paradigm, but
ast growth, since positive associations have been shown between size and over-winter survival. |
| 15396 | 1 | hes, and the size of the subpopulations have been shown to be important for the levels of genet
|
| 12228 | 2 | 30-40 years, agricultural weed control has been dominated by herbicides. more recently, howeve
f hundreds of years of crop cultivation has ensured that the timing of these key weed life hist |
| 14500 | 1 | to hypothesize what selective pressures may have produced and maintain the observed pattern of
|
| 10676 | 3 | the evolution of cellular life on earth must have been preceded by the formation of primitive m
ese chemicals in extant micro-organisms has not been made, but significantly, alkenes with iden al structures and double bond positions have been identified recently by the pi in 17 species o |
| 9864 | 1 | life, the land surface is considered to have been essentially barren. it wasn t until the mid o
|
| 14687 | 1 | um independent protein kinases, that we have previously obtained in this cotyledons, will be co
|
| 7618 | 1 | the argentine ant has become in a few decades a plague ecological, econom
|
| 15586 | 1 | ccelerating loss of global biodiversity has affected species in all biomes and ecosystem types.
|
| 14692 | 1 | ere are currently no field studies that have approached this question. to accomplish this objec
|
| 2026 | 2 | recently, ecologists have become aware that, despite being separated in spac
s. most aboveground-belowground studies have been with individuals of root and shoot associated |
| 13868 | 1 | al lakes will respond to global warming has been debated in recent years. i will concentrate on
|
| 11404 | 4 | ent application of molecular techniques has circumvented these limitations, because they bypass
ed for laboratory cultivation, and they have revolutionised our view of microbial diversity by ured majority . many groups of microbes have been discovered which have no representative in la e, and an ammonia oxidising crenarchaea has since been isolated in the laboratory. as crenarcha |
| 478 | 1 | s and ensure practical applications, we have selected widespread and contrasted groups of fores
|
| 10085 | 1 | e don t yet understand. for example, we have found that the dipterocarp species at one site ado
|
| 2023 | 1 | e in a range of ecosystems. however, it has been proven difficult to relate processes and commu
|
| 13714 | 1 | imental testing. we use monitoring data collected by nils . scientifically, the project will fi
|
| 2132 | 1 | nt smaller scale experimental work that has focused on causal mechanisms, and will give broader
|
| 2044 | 1 | e last decade the field of macroecology has been put in the forefront of ecology. this approach
|
| 15570 | 1 | s and ensure practical applications, we have selected widespread and contrasted groups of fores
|
| 7294 | 1 | samples and small communities in africa have yielded encouraging results. we will apply this ne
|
| 9957 | 6 | uthern and eastern african environments have been the object of study by countless external ins
e centre of our research strategy; 2 we have been in extensive contact with individuals, commun and research groups from the south who have given the principal direction to this proposed esp esilience. various african institutions have been working to improve ecosystem management pract heir own innovations. in addition, they have made clear three areas where they believe northern for es research and pa strategies that have been developed already in consultation with southe |
| 14944 | 1 | f the spatial variation in plant traits has provided some of the most convincing evidences of n
|
| 14548 | 2 | of biological diversity on gypsum soils have fascinated ecologist and evolutionary biologist fo
ypsum soils. species-area relationships have been of interest in ecology since de candolle and |
| 7038 | 2 | f farmers concerning ecological systems has been only rarely a subject of research in industria
, - to which values and attitudes is it connected, - how does it influence the behavior of loca |
| 11215 | 5 | erns. over the last few years we have a gained a much improved fossil record of the animals tha
mals that represent this transition. it has vastly improved since the days when only two taxa w ostega as a sturdy land-going quadruped has been shown to be quite erroneous: in fact it was hi ions. its mode of locomotion appears to have been more like that of a seal than a salamander, a work by the pi and colleagues, seems to have allowed dorsoventral flexion using a regionalised |
| 11713 | 5 | erns. over the last few years we have a gained a much improved fossil record of the animals tha
mals that represent this transition. it has vastly improved since the days when only two taxa w ostega as a sturdy land-going quadruped has been shown to be quite erroneous: in fact it was hi ions. its mode of locomotion appears to have been more like that of a seal than a salamander, a work by the pi and colleagues, seems to have allowed dorsoventral flexion using a regionalised |
| 11735 | 1 | people have always desired foodstuffs obtained from outside th
|
| 10148 | 2 | we establish that lakes in this region have become more productive recently, there are clear i
ons for large areas of the arctic which have experienced recent warming since long-range n tran |
| 10418 | 2 | we establish that lakes in this region have become more productive over the last ~150 years, t
ons for large areas of the arctic which have experienced 20th century warming since long-range |
| 10908 | 2 | we establish that lakes in this region have become more productive recently, there are clear i
ons for large areas of the arctic which have experienced recent warming since long-range n tran |
| 11751 | 2 | we establish that lakes in this region have become more productive recently, there are clear i
ons for large areas of the arctic which have experienced recent warming since long-range n tran |
| 15525 | 1 | es are cosmopolitan marine species that have recently experienced an important reduction in the
|
| 11742 | 1 | l in the bay of biscay in december 1999 have been estimated to kill a very substantial proporti
|
| 12165 | 1 | ny weeds associated with arable systems have declined substantially in recent decades and as a
|
| 2120 | 2 | the significance of learning has been relatively overlooked in studies of fundamenta
s. since 1995, great tits and blue tits have been reciprocally cross-fostered in the field, pro |
| 2101 | 1 | according to a precautionary principle has been invoked for the oil and gas industry. there is
|
| 12288 | 1 | y very similar to each other, and often have improved characteristics to regenerating f1 hybrid
|
| 12580 | 1 | long-term experiments have been carried out over the last 10 years to study t
|
| 12510 | 1 | s available. in more recent years there has been an expansion of organic farming in lowland bee
|
| 11849 | 3 | e in areas adjacent to remaining forest has greatly increased the number of fire incidents. fur
ty of any subsequent fire. forests that have burned more than once have lost around 80% of thei forests that have burned more than once have lost around 80% of their trees 10cm in diameter. w |
| 14670 | 1 | cological requirements. this hypothesis has been called the heterospecific habitat copying hypo
|
| 13804 | 2 | human alterations of natural habitats have caused a pollinator decline, and as a result polli
linators and on stigmas. specialization has been suggested to be an important trait to predict |
| 7046 | 2 | onment, no other environmental variable has changed more dramatically in recent decades than th
to shallow coastal ecosystems. it will put an ecological framework on past hypoxia-tolerance e |
| 7181 | 2 | tside of disturbed areas. . the studies have helped to provide new knowledge about the mechanis
ty quune genetic changes that appear to have favored the invasion |
| 15242 | 1 | scribed several centuries ago, and that has fascinated evolutionary biologists since darwins ti
|
| 13356 | 1 | conditions. it is determined that there have been 2400 identified macro fungus species in turke
|
| 2197 | 1 | documented for some areas where species have established. furthermore, processes of importance
|
| 10159 | 3 | s estimated that as few as 10% of these have been described to date. this contrasts with the ma
mpletely known. being so well known, it has been possible to use mammals and birds to answer ma e how their major distribution patterns have arisen, what factors make particular groups at equ |
| 11059 | 10 | ent groups of organisms for them all to have been diversifying in the same way, and the fossil
and the fossil record shows that there have been times when the risk of extinction has been pa been times when the risk of extinction has been particularly high. however, it has proved very has been particularly high. however, it has proved very hard to work out exactly why some speci rd to work out exactly why some species have thrived and others died out, or why some times are hy some species have thrived and others died out, or why some times are better and others worse how the processes shaping biodiversity have changed over time. the fossil record has direct in often too patchy to tell us much about detailed processes at the level of individual species a lions of years, billions of individuals have rained down on the sea bed, often forming thick se posed to stable some of these questions have been tackled before in some groups of organisms, b |
| 11304 | 10 | ent groups of organisms for them all to have been diversifying in the same way, and the fossil
and the fossil record shows that there have been times when the risk of extinction has been pa been times when the risk of extinction has been particularly high. however, it has proved very has been particularly high. however, it has proved very hard to work out exactly why some speci rd to work out exactly why some species have thrived and others died out, or why some times are hy some species have thrived and others died out, or why some times are better and others worse how the processes shaping biodiversity have changed over time. the fossil record has direct in often too patchy to tell us much about detailed processes at the level of individual species a lions of years, billions of individuals have rained down on the sea bed, often forming thick se posed to stable some of these questions have been tackled before in some groups of organisms, b |
| 7163 | 1 | at different spatial scales. a website has helped disseminate the main results of this work, t
|
| 11611 | 1 | xperiments from ree-spiked fluids which have been contacted with, or in the presence of bacteri
|
| 7579 | 1 | ue in evolutionary biology. recently it has been shown that the choice of the sexual partner ca
|
| 12204 | 3 | this network and the jic pea collection has provided a wide range of exotic germplasm for one o
n for a number of specific issues which have emerged from the network. a range of web-based doc ao/ipgri multicrop passport descriptors has already been loaded into the uk national plant inve |
| 181 | 1 | genetic system of the nearctic dolerini has been proposed. however, this is insufficiest for cr
|
| 10716 | 5 | fide - dms for short - which most of us have smelled, since it is a component of the smell of t
plants that live by the sea. at uea, we discovered how microbes make the dms and in warwick, th these reactions. for both processes, we found that some very unexpected organisms can make or c that live out here in the natural world have never been cultured. luckily, some very recent tec s plant is also important because it is has been spread by human hand across the world and is n |
| 11704 | 5 | fide - dms for short - which most of us have smelled, since it is a component of the smell of t
plants that live by the sea. at uea, we discovered how microbes make the dms and in warwick, th these reactions. for both processes, we found that some very unexpected organisms can make or c that live out here in the natural world have never been cultured. luckily, some very recent tec s plant is also important because it is has been spread by human hand across the world and is n |
| 11686 | 2 | erhaps after geographical distributions have altered due to human interference or climate chang
ntal importance are tetraploids species have since been found. the objectives of this project a |
| 15275 | 1 | netic constitution of a population that has suffered undesired introgression. 4. analyses by co
|
| 15276 | 1 | netic constitution of a population that has suffered undesired introgression. 4. analyses by co
|
| 14577 | 1 | tegy of the common quail . moreover, we have collected blood samples of female-males and chicks
|
| 2049 | 2 | unities: one where the green foundation has been active and one where the green foundation has
tive and one where the green foundation has not been active. a more comprehensive understanding |
| 7617 | 3 | ation methods. mediterranean landscapes have been shaped by a long history of natural and anthr
spatial heterogeneity. disruptions that have acted and are still at work are mainly: the fire t ents including drought. these processes have generated forest formations that are widespread bu |
| 12156 | 2 | there have been widespread and severe population declines of
and elsewhere in europe. these declines have been associated with the loss and degradation of b |
| 13715 | 1 | oms where does it go, how quickly is it lost by conversion to nitrogen gas 5. cost-benefit anal
|
| 10902 | 1 | uctuating prices and other market risks have been shown to enhance services like pollination to
|
| 10986 | 1 | uctuating prices and other market risks have been shown to enhance services like pollination to
|
| 11231 | 2 | b-humid systems, as much more attention has focused on tropical forests, even though poverty pr
oral boundaries. as such, this proposal has been developed by a multidisciplinary group of natu |
| 13718 | 3 | f degradation of the marine environment have failed. although we have reduced nutrients to less
ne environment have failed. although we have reduced nutrients to lessen the harmful effects of the marine environment sustainably. we have assembled a diverse group of talent to combine pal |
| 10300 | 3 | erised quantified food web for which we have highly resolved data, by altering the availability
f the web. this complements the data we have already obtained on a top-down manipulation of the anipulation of the same system where we introduced a new top predator. the proposed research wi |
| 11684 | 3 | erised quantified food web for which we have highly resolved data, by altering the availability
f the web. this complements the data we have already obtained on a top-down manipulation of the anipulation of the same system where we introduced a new top predator. the proposed research wi |
| 1923 | 4 | iculture, plant species diversity still did not increase, even after 20 years. apparently, ther
t area. especially, many soil organisms have extremely limited dispersal capacities. effects of ies. effects of plant seed introduction have been extensively studied, but almost no attention sively studied, but almost no attention has been paid to effects of the introduction of soil or |
| 14277 | 2 | for rivers, in general, it has become increasingly clear that inputs via the headw
r the scheldt system, previous research has focused mainly on biogeochemical processes in the e |
| 6878 | 1 | previously we mapped and identified a 12 bp deletion in the myostatin
|
| 171 | 1 | pact. monitoring of benthic communities has been carried out in six study areas since 1995 in t
|
| 2131 | 1 | igrations of a few southern populations has been obtained. however, little or no comparative in
|
| 13328 | 1 | pogenic pressure on marine biodiversity has hitherto been ad hoc and local. in particular, to u
|
| 6933 | 2 | idising with parapatric sister taxa. we selected different cases of range edges and marginal ov
ptilia. recent palaeoecological surveys have demonstrated the double refugial effect in some re |
| 11208 | 1 | lf of the 20th century with new strains having been added continuously since then. the addition
|
| 10201 | 3 | ant in maintaining the earth system and have ensured that it is habitable for all life. the ear
m bacteria. the role of marine microbes has been the subject of research in the marine and fres directed programme. important advances have been made in 4 main areas: in understanding microb |
| 13573 | 1 | ctors influencing them. recent research has shown that bacteria play a crucial role in the mari
|
| 12431 | 4 | summary objective: recent research has shown that plastic debris is fragmenting in the env
lines worldwide. production of plastics has grown exponentially in recent years and because con e plan of work and the objectives below have been specifically tailored to inform uk policy in ntaminants are of concern, and are they made bioavailable at levels which may cause significant |
| 11370 | 1 | mospheric dms, whose oxidation products have been shown to affect cloud formation and influence
|
| 12333 | 1 | elease datasets and data layers as they become available; to review webgis access systems curre
|
| 10335 | 4 | arcasses of marine mammals would likely have been processed away from settlements. moreover, fi
o assessing marine resource consumption has been to employ stable isotope analysis of human bon rrestrial-based diets. more recent work has provided further evidence for this diet change at t in human prehistory. however, this work has raised considerable interest because of the high le |
| 12664 | 1 | iversity partnership standing committee has also agreed to develop and report on marine ecosyst
|
| 2469 | 5 | rkedly and the warm temperate organisms must have survived either in the mediterranean or in ar
the last decades, both types of shifts have been documented with warm water organisms being in ion zone. indeed, although much insight has been gained on the processes of range shift and ran anding marine populations. many studies have demonstrated decreases of genetic diversity in the nge of several species, a process which has been interpreted as a likely indication that the po |
| 10941 | 11 | ed by the house sparrow. house sparrows have declined by 12 million in the last 30 years and ha
by 12 million in the last 30 years and have become extinct in many areas. the reason for this to decrease in availability of food. we analysed the weights of over 10,000 house sparrows that ir movements and how long they live. we compared the sparrow weights to those of five other sim five other similar common species that have not declined. theory predicts that if sparrows are reserves compared to those species that have not declined. we found the opposite: sparrows did hose species that have not declined. we found the opposite: sparrows did not put fat on over th clined. we found the opposite: sparrows did not put fat on over the winter compared to the othe risk and this was confirmed because we found that weights of sparrows in areas where there are cats and a preferred prey of hawks. we concluded that house sparrows are probably suffering fr use of the danger of predators. thus we have gained an insight into the importance of predation |
| 11368 | 4 | sandeels off the east coast of britain have been getting smaller over the last 30 years. the d
ry, rather changing climatic conditions may have adversely affected the early development of sa ng climatic conditions in the north sea have disrupted vital links in the food web that have al rupted vital links in the food web that have altered sandeel growth patterns and contributed to |
| 11608 | 2 | ternal genetic effects on offspring sex has shown marked variation. the main objective of this
notype the dna in blood samples that we have collected from these individuals. with this geneti |
| 10932 | 1 | weddell seals breeding at mcmurdo sound have shown that two lactational strategies are present,
|
| 11082 | 1 | aspects that modern mathematical models have not been able to capture. this study aims to explo
|
| 11600 | 1 | aspects that modern mathematical models have not been able to capture. this study aims to explo
|
| 11741 | 2 | such, male-male competition for mating has favoured large males, which can fly faster thanks t
in worker cells, because any son reared would have low mating success making it not worth the c |
| 10127 | 1 | s study are restricted to habitats that have been fragmented as a result of human population gr
|
| 2464 | 3 | molecular biology and animal behaviour has sparked a new understanding of mating systems and s
ast ten different mating system metrics have been advocated to best measure patterns of mating. e sexual selection process, topics that have been understudied in behavioural ecology. we also |
| 11291 | 1 | nced by genes. this critical assumption has rarely been tested, and very little is known about
|
| 1974 | 2 | chitinases and other lytic enzymes that have been shown to lyse living fungal hyphae. therefore
urrence of bacterial mycoparasitism. we have demonstrated that a newly defined genus of bacteri |
| 14805 | 2 | unfortunatelly, most studies up to now have dealt with a single ornament, or have centered onl
w have dealt with a single ornament, or have centered only on partial aspects of the problem. t |
| 10048 | 5 | emale warriors known as the amazons who lived on an island. the amazons only met with men to tr
le to do this. for some time scientists have tried to understand why the sexes segregate in hab year. in recent years many explanations have been proposed, of which three are probably importa sment. previous work on sex segregation has generally focused on hoofed animals such as deer an of space they need to roam, scientists have generally been able to do little more than describ |
| 10226 | 5 | emale warriors known as the amazons who lived on an island. the amazons only met with men to tr
le to do this. for some time scientists have tried to understand why the sexes segregate in hab year. in recent years many explanations have been proposed, of which three are probably importa sment. previous work on sex segregation has generally focused on hoofed animals such as deer an of space they need to roam, scientists have generally been able to do little more than describ |
| 10896 | 3 | gement, and governance practices. there have been many attempts to reverse the impacts of envir
vices. historically, individual efforts have been addressed in isolation, and in doing so, have ddressed in isolation, and in doing so, have largely ignored the huge range of interactions tha |
| 1981 | 1 | correlations among life history traits have been shaped by natural selection and how these tra
|
| 6931 | 1 | nary experiments conducted in this area have already yielded improved laboratory strains. impro
|
| 9846 | 1 | angiosperms have largely supplanted gymnosperms since their evoluti
|
| 7124 | 3 | es. in particular, the program partners have highlighted the impact of natural selection relate
omerase. previous studies in enzymology have led to an overall pattern of interaction environme s microclimatic niches. this phenomenon has been demonstrated for a species of north american b |
| 218 | 3 | ility of chromosome races of m. falcata has not been analysed sufficiently: in m. falcata only
tly: in m. falcata only pollen diameter has been used to discriminate tetraploids and diploids, s, while in m. sativa s.l. the diploids have been recognized as a separate taxon. clarification |
| 14165 | 2 | can serve as indicators of soil health has become a major issue for food and timber producers
table for these areas. oil shale mining has altered vast areas in north-east estonia and this p |
| 11603 | 1 | what the implications of these changes may have been for human activity.
|
| 13840 | 1 | f the wolf from the fennoscandian fauna has resulted in an increase of the red fox as a mesopre
|
| 6935 | 3 | brachiopods have played important role in mesozoic benthic assembla
mples. significant part of the material has already been collected from different ages and from different international co-operations i have received and/or collected unpublished samples from |
| 10554 | 2 | on. current and previous work in my lab has demonstrated that the in situ community structure o
of macronutrients, particularly n and p has received previous attention still there is a relati |
| 10558 | 2 | on. current and previous work in my lab has demonstrated that the in situ community structure o
of macronutrients, particularly n and p has received previous attention still there is a relati |
| 10309 | 2 | nation of a generation, many researches have tried to develop models that can describe how simp
n describe how simple organic molecules could have attained the complexity observed in even the |
| 10019 | 2 | an distribution in england. as such, it used to be restricted to exceptionally hot microclimate
landscape-scale distribution of habitat has not been incorporated in any scientific modelling f |
| 11572 | 2 | an distribution in england. as such, it used to be restricted to exceptionally hot microclimate
landscape-scale distribution of habitat has not been incorporated in any scientific modelling f |
| 13772 | 2 | tinction dynamics from snapshot studies have been developed but have rarely been evaluated. in
napshot studies have been developed but have rarely been evaluated. in this project i will make |
| 10887 | 3 | ue known as stable isotope analysis, we have demonstrated that this may actually be the case. w
that this may actually be the case. we measured the stable carbon isotope values of common aqu es of common aquatic invertebrates . we have identified such alternative fuelling of food webs |
| 12020 | 1 | ogical components. the microbes program did not provide the opportunity to disseminate these re
|
| 7486 | 3 | utualistic symbiotic relationships that have evolved over million of years between the host and
raditional beat them strategy generally applied in microbial management used in human medicine, r various european research groups that have contributed to some important methodological break |
| 15373 | 3 | ies carried out during the last decades have permitted the isolation and characterization of ma
genetics or biotechnological potential have been carried out. however, hypersaline environment located on the mediterranean coast that has been used for numerous previous studies. a metageno |
| 10633 | 1 | the world health organisation has identified respiratory illness as one of the leadin
|
| 14936 | 1 | rganisms living in extreme environments have developed adaptation mechanisms to severe external
|
| 10719 | 4 | an extremely unusual cave system which had been sealed off from the outside world for many tho
mic to movile cave. these invertebrates have adapted to life without light through a process ca in the cave. in preliminary studies, it has been shown that microbial mats on the surface of th from methane and carbon dioxide that we fed the cells using the raman microscope. this will all |
| 1091 | 1 | logical, behavioural and genetic traits have been already documented in a large array of organi
|
| 9918 | 1 | potential. research on the microfossils has been impeded because there are few reports from the
|
| 7019 | 2 | a and archaea. numerous recent findings have indeed confirmed the presence of subterranean micr
s of water per day. microscopic studies have shown a vast diversity of cells, some of very smal |
| 12559 | 3 | defra-funded projects ph0316 and ph0408 have developed robust micropropagation techniques to cl
ropropagation methods. whilst protocols have been developed successfully for rhododendron, ther rogramme that this project will support has provided an invaluable link for gardens to conserve |
| 10368 | 1 | sociobiological theory. however, there has been no work on their genetics. this grant will ena
|
| 7455 | 1 | . while the growth of gan for blue leds has progressed rapidly in recent years, the materials r
|
| 10566 | 2 | ore recently pseudosporochnalean plants have been shown to have formed forests in the mid devon
sporochnalean plants have been shown to have formed forests in the mid devonian. these plants h |
| 1955 | 3 | ce, and most, but not all, bird-species have advanced their egg-laying dates over the last deca
serines that winter in tropical regions have shown a decline over the last decades in both the migrant winters in tropical africa, and has shown an advancement of egg-laying over the last 20 |
| 6742 | 1 | t in fossils. during the last decade we developed a methodology for the clearing up of new loca
|
| 7041 | 2 | rich in plant-bearing localities, some. having been known since the 19th century, some only bei
evolution of the eastern alpine region have partly unraveled the history of these basins. this |
| 15155 | 1 | normal cells where cellular respiration has sustained damage is not new, in recent years mitoch
|
| 15356 | 1 | iverse class of mollusks. these animals have successfully adapted to marine as well as freshwat
|
| 12061 | 2 | an-induced pressures on the environment have been triggering deep and rapid changes in habitat
recently, predictive ecological models have become a popular tool to predict species distribut |
| 1951 | 1 | selfish genetic elements have been defined as genetic elements that will spread
|
| 2003 | 2 | tation, hydrology and soil. we recently developed a process-based model describing the plant sp
wever, the current version of the model has limited possibilities due to large uncertainties wi |
| 438 | 4 | dynamics and uncertainties. the project has focused on two given problems. the first one is rel
contract, an inter-disciplinary network has been reinforced inducing many scientific production uotas and contribution value of species have been exhibited. more specific recommendations have xhibited. more specific recommendations have been obtained for case studies : intensity and tim |
| 7192 | 1 | in plants during the last five decades has been based on improving the yield potential of cult
|
| 13586 | 1 | ree different set-aside types but these have not been used for this purpose before and therefor
|
| 13767 | 1 | o increase the supply of food and fiber has resulted in the decline of many other ecosystem ser
|
| 11838 | 5 | tive answers. traditionally, ecologists have tended to emphasize tree-grass competition for wat
odels that explicitly account for these have failed to recreate patterns observed in nature, le d studies in arid and semi-arid regions have been long enough to encapsulate such effects. howe national park, south africa where fires have been manipulated for over 50 years. importantly, t 50 years. importantly, the experiments have been replicated in sites underlain by coarse and f |
| 7680 | 2 | and mapping of the plants' dynamics. it has been done manually in the past decade. work underta
lly in the past decade. work undertaken have shown the usefulness of remote sensing to produce |
| 13609 | 1 | the assumption that traits have associated costs as well as benefits is essential
|
| 10120 | 1 | l badgers and 14000 sampling events. it has resulted in 100 peer-reviewed publications.
|
| 13972 | 2 | era marina along the swedish west coast has disappeared since the 1980´s. the scientific consen
rce in this process, but investigations have also shown that overfishery can result in cascadic |
| 13771 | 1 | for species that have slow dynamics. we have earlier shown that it should be enough to use data
|
| 2119 | 2 | eeding and growth processes. this model has now reached a stage where he is using the model wit
ld program. greg lough and cisco werner have invited kristiansen to come to woods hole and appl |
| 11273 | 1 | in the future it has been predicted that the climate will change somewha
|
| 12593 | 1 | s possible, models will be sought which have proved capable of responding satisfactorily to pas
|
| 12378 | 1 | on the way in which contracting parties had classified their waters. one particular issue was t
|
| 6967 | 2 | detail. recently new prediction methods have also emerged, which have promising feautre for pot
for potential vegetation modelling, but have not been tested on such subject yet. i plan to use |
| 10493 | 6 | estimates suggest human activity has doubled the rate at which biologically available ni
compared to pre-industrial levels. this has led to nutrient enrichment of surface and groundwat ge-scale land-use and management change has been demonstrated, and suggested to be of potential climate change impacts. recent uk work has shown that groundwater-dominated river catchments e nitude of land to river transfers. this has provided a crucial new perspective on the importanc cesses. in response to this researchers have used archived paper records to construct the world |
| 14479 | 1 | onal communications of some researchers have been found, with contradictory results and no scie
|
| 15423 | 1 | le of thriving under extreme conditions have become of interest from both an academic and biote
|
| 11630 | 1 | d disease occurs. in recent years there have been fantastic scientific advances that allow rese
|
| 10328 | 1 | milies within the cheilostomate bryozoa have been documented in some detail but the phylogeneti
|
| 11385 | 5 | d submissive subordinates. this project has already demonstrated that physiological measurement
dominance status. three candidate genes have been identified that correlate with rank position: te with rank position: map kinase which has previously been linked to stress responses; gaba a inked to stress responses; gaba a which has been implicated in aggression and anxiety; and epen ession and anxiety; and ependymin which has not been linked to aggression but serves a role in |
| 14606 | 2 | lab and others show that a key protein involved in this adaptation is the na,k-atpase, which e
membrane of various tissues. they also revealed an excess of polymorphisms at one of the genes |
| 6807 | 1 | ular biological studies on myxosporeans have given promising results, but our knowledge about m
|
| 6857 | 1 | ill today. there are some studies which could have found any connection with statistical method
|
| 14544 | 3 | cently, the use of molecular techniques has opened the possibility for their detection in a lar
ural ecosystems. most of these bacteria have not been cultured and characterized yet and their lly unknown. so far, only three species have been described within the division acidobacteria a |
| 7494 | 1 | f soil bacteria, alternative techniques have been developed based on the extraction of microbia
|
| 6907 | 2 | mergence of pcr-based molecular markers has created the opportunity for fine-scale genetic char
rentiation. some plant resistance genes have been already cloned and sequenced from different s |
| 11470 | 1 | c pathways that regulate flowering time has opened up the potential to analyse the molecular ev
|
| 14926 | 3 | on to particular pollinators. nor is it known to what extent convergence in pollination syndrom
n of ml1 and its upstream regulator div may have evolved at the same time as zygomorfic floral flower is the ancestral condition which has been lost in some of the lineages. in the second, t |
| 15045 | 3 | on to particular pollinators. nor is it known to what extent convergence in pollination syndrom
s of ml1 and its upstream regulator div may have evolved at the same time as zygomorfic floral flower is the ancestral condition which has been lost in some of the lineages. in the second, t |
| 10843 | 1 | etic association studies. this approach has been remarkably successful for the study of disease
|
| 11109 | 1 | bundant species in antarctic waters and has colonised the entire antarctic shelf and scotia arc
|
| 7304 | 1 | chromosomal phylogeny of monkeys has shown that the evolution of this taxon primarily in
|
| 14101 | 1 | concerns have been expressed that some synthetic chemicals, rele
|
| 14210 | 2 | f tremendous agronomic significance. we have recently identified slac1 protein and showed that
nion channel function or regulation. it has been shown that guard cell anion channels are regul |
| 10104 | 2 | y and exploration of hydrothermal vents has revealed communities of organisms nutritionally dep
ommunities. subsequently, the symbiosis has been recognised in a range of shallow-water marine |
| 14590 | 1 | mong chamois populations, some of which have suffered a severe decline over the last few years.
|
| 14912 | 1 | essful class of mollusks. these animals have successfully adapted to marine as well as freshwat
|
| 15435 | 2 | follow-up previous projects in which we have begun to apply this type of analyses in two hotspo
n the results of previous projects that have unveiled many interesting questions on the systema |
| 10352 | 1 | by some bacteria, but not by plants. we have identified a bacterial strain that can mobilize th
|
| 14631 | 2 | ther with the morphological data, which have been used in the traditional taxonomy. we want als
ty of several undescribed new taxa that have been recently identified at the specific and gener |
| 15030 | 1 | eral helicoidea endemisms, some of them having very restricted distribution ranges, and to prop
|
| 12410 | 1 | onment.` continuous low frequency sound has been identified by the eu commission as one indicat
|
| 13708 | 1 | wildlife utilization and this industry has grown rapidly during the last few decades. to optim
|
| 15024 | 1 | some biotic and abiotic characteristics has not been realized or it is not enough accurate, wit
|
| 15110 | 1 | temporal changes in marine vegetation have been related to episodic natural or anthropic even
|
| 13814 | 1 | d ecosystem service benefits to society—has not been rigorously evaluated. our overriding aim i
|
| 14732 | 3 | l chamber, the bulbus arteriosus, which has been proved to be of cardiac origin and which acts
ry novelty of vertebrates or whether it originated in the agnatha. finally, we will study the p e evolution of the fish heart and which have been controversial during many years. moreover, th |
| 15365 | 1 | ers of cantabria and the basque country have revealed that the diatom pseudo-nitzschia form fre
|
| 13358 | 3 | omesticated 7000-3000 year ago, or they have gradually been introduced in cultural exchanges he
ction of its cultivation into anatolia, have also been distributed to almost whole of the count ns of turkey, diverse cowpea land races have gradually been developed during the times. the goa |
| 11254 | 2 | fence mechanisms that the cyanobacteria have developed, which are the focus of this research pr
that viruses alter the cells that they have infected to make them unattractive as food otherwi |
| 11494 | 2 | fence mechanisms that the cyanobacteria have developed, which are the focus of this research pr
that viruses alter the cells that they have infected to make them unattractive as food otherwi |
| 11029 | 2 | . in the last 15 years or so scientists have revealed how important the natural death of phytop
icator of primary production as we once thought and suggests that our ideas of how energy flows |
| 7474 | 1 | trip will start where other eu projects have finished, translating research findings into usefu
|
| 10864 | 1 | ental scientists and managers, who will become leaders in their fields, whether in consultancy,
|
| 7110 | 2 | tion of griffon vultures in the causses had specifically been studied. in a context of strong r
egulatory constraints, the main results had shown the value of a plot system directly managed b |
| 536 | 5 | unities in western europe. biodiversity has been examined at 3 levels: total number of species,
he european suction traps network which has been now operating for 35 years. 392 different spec ing for 35 years. 392 different species have been identified. at each location, the total numbe h location, the total number of species has been regularly increasing, one additional species b no general trend of increasing density has been detected, but phenological prematureness of al |
| 13974 | 3 | mycorrhizal associations are likely to have evolved from a diverse range of free-living saprot
g saprotrophic condition and vice-versa have occurred in fungi, indicating that the ability to y roots of forest trees, something that has never been done before. for this, more that 200 spe |
| 1086 | 1 | ebrate populations. for this reason, we considered species in italy affected by different types
|
| 15130 | 1 | lations, and yet no infra-specific taxa have been identified so far. evidence on genetic variat
|
| 15050 | 1 | exual selection. however, most research has focused on multiple signals that are perceived thro
|
| 14712 | 3 | sult of a continued human activity that has determined the composition of its biological divers
erent biology and functional importance have been selected will be also analyzed; the pattern o but with different uses and management have been selected: a natural area that corresponds to |
| 11278 | 1 | ecies, once the external driving forces have been accounted for. the marine monitoring data is
|
| 14362 | 4 | y european countries. many explanations have been suggested for the observed increases, but a t
ion remains to be found. climate trends have been widely incriminated, but recent evidence indi thod both low- and high-resolution data have been successful at mapping either vectors or disea hich combining high- and low-resolution has not been achieved yet. - an improved understanding |
| 15355 | 1 | a long-term research project; so far it has been active for 8 years ; otherwise, earwigs would
|
| 11745 | 2 | ioxane and sulfonium ion polymers, that has changed little over decades of contamination. the s
soil contains indigenous bacteria that have adapted to tolerate and degrade these compounds. b |
| 542 | 1 | capacity of both ant and plant partners has resulted in greater impact of climatic fluctuations
|
| 15371 | 1 | sis that parasitism selection pressures have driven the evolution of some nest-building behavio
|
| 11096 | 2 | trees are conifers such as pine but we have recently shown that at least some fungi can form m
s exciting because it means that carbon fixed in photosynthesis by the trees might be used by t |
| 14177 | 1 | earch group of professor tiiu kull whom invited me in her laboratories, since she believe in my
|
| 12201 | 1 | merica hathe situation in north america has had to be dealt with retrospectively, whilst in the
|
| 15063 | 1 | nt difficulties of this kind of studies have determined the lack of a general theory on the cau
|
| 13887 | 1 | res in ne usa where 13 aquatic mollusks have invaded over different time-scales and many differ
|
| 10282 | 5 | l success story in the study of ecology has been the long-term studies of mammals and birds whe
m studies of mammals and birds where it has been possible to follow individuals and their offsp idual success in passing on their genes has enabled researchers to address questions about how r instance, studies of darwin s finches have been able to demonstrate evolution occurring becau crickets in a spanish meadow. crickets have been well studied in the laboratory, revealing tha |
| 11746 | 2 | we have isolated a number of marine actinomycete strains t
a fatal attraction . one of our strains have been identified by 16s rrna sequencing as a rhodoc |
| 10507 | 2 | striking and widespread phenomenon that has stimulated much ecological debate but has not been
s stimulated much ecological debate but has not been investigated in a quantitative fashion. ou |
| 10928 | 2 | striking and widespread phenomenon that has stimulated much ecological debate but has not been
s stimulated much ecological debate but has not been investigated in a quantitative fashion. ou |
| 14178 | 2 | growth conditions. consequently plants have developed sophisticated adaptation and defence mec
that are non-functional. although this has been an extremely successful strategy in the past, |
| 10096 | 1 | ecognise the considerable progress that has been made in other areas of the discipline in respe
|
| 10656 | 1 | es from local stakeholders. it will use structured software for systems dynamic modelling to de
|
| 15427 | 1 | f this project, this group of organisms has been studied from arid regions of both the northern
|
| 15369 | 1 | sis that parasitism selection pressures have driven the evolution of some nest-building behavio
|
| 13948 | 1 | ng choices. during my post doc period i have examined the emission of volatile compounds from w
|
| 10648 | 4 | revealing how the brain of modern birds has evolved. using ct analysis, the size of the floccul
locculus size relates to flying ability has led some palaeontologists to infer flying ability f een flocculus size and flying behaviour has never been tested. it might be that the dimensions relationships are found, our test will have provided palaeontologists with a tool to test curr |
| 10367 | 1 | oic terrestrial ecosystems and how they survived global extinction events.
|
| 10287 | 2 | ant nutrition in terrestrial ecosystems has taken centre stage. recent studies, however, have s
centre stage. recent studies, however, have started to challenge this, showing that plants can |
| 10298 | 2 | ant nutrition in terrestrial ecosystems has taken centre stage. recent studies, however, have s
centre stage. recent studies, however, have started to challenge this, showing that plants can |
| 12242 | 2 | ons, and diffuse pollution of waterways have strengthened the need for farming systems that are
is to be met. new roles for grasslands have also been identified including the protection of l |
| 11560 | 1 | cannot be seen from space, these layers have been much less well studied than blooms in surface
|
| 15468 | 6 | sity of prokaryotic microorganisms that have remained intransigent to culturing until now repre
otic biodiversity found in this habitat has been studied previously by the group applying for t p applying for this project funding. we have used both classical and new molecular techniques, lecular techniques, the latter of which has enabled us to detect the presence of hitherto unkno hitherto unknown prokaryotic taxa that have been until now impossible to culture. our main aim tion a series of studies that our group have been involved in since 2005. the end product will |
| 12019 | 2 | f clades. to achieve this objective, we used the ficus-figwasp model. we have made almost 1000
ve, we used the ficus-figwasp model. we have made almost 1000 wasp collections , allowing surpr |
| 10560 | 3 | , probably restricted to prokaryotes we have already produced the first nickel isotope data for
liminary dataset, the only samples that have pronounced ni stable isotope variations are those tope variations are those where biology has played a prominent role, including pure cultures of |
| 10176 | 1 | constant daily rates of r. past studies has suggested that acclimation depends on increases in
|
| 13613 | 1 | ughout the boreal forest. previous work has demonstrated that ericaceous shrubs act as drivers
|
| 15113 | 1 | human activity has significantly altered the global biogeochemical cyc
|
| 15114 | 1 | human activity has significantly altered the global biogeochemical cyc
|
| 10051 | 1 | er column n2o concentration is high, we measured a low ratio of n2 to n2o production from no2-
|
| 11581 | 1 | er column n2o concentration is high, we measured a low ratio of n2 to n2o production from no2-
|
| 13936 | 1 | ntury, eutrophication of the baltic sea has increased significantly causing ecological and econ
|
| 2071 | 4 | ay many plantations of non-native trees have been raised. these plantations have several impact
r evaluating what vegetation types that have mainly been used for plantation. this will test a it is the most species-rich areas that have been used for plantation. furthermore the project opulation is historically documented to have dispersed considerably, and may serve as a model f |
| 2108 | 1 | s. many of the models that will be used have been developed under previous projects and will be
|
| 7464 | 1 | since 1998, a new concept has emerged, based on the notion that a receptor unoccu
|
| 11819 | 6 | since the late 1980s it has been known that dna is sometimes preserved in the b
years in age. the study of ancient dna has had a huge impact in zoology, enabling researchers uman populations. sadly, this potential has not been realized, for the simple reason that speci a number of researchers, including us, have suggested solutions to this problem, but none of t is problem, but none of these solutions have been completely successful. our best attempt so fa odern dna because the ancient molecules have become partially degraded. identifying the degrade |
| 12538 | 1 | e ability to carry out diagnostic tests has already proven its worth in plant health with the s
|
| 12313 | 1 | and environmental safety. one compound has already been registered for predator control in new
|
| 14640 | 2 | a content of phaeophyceae, a group that has received little attention worldwide, and about whic
rldwide, and about which no information has been published for mediterranean species. twenty sp |
| 7607 | 1 | . encouraging initial results have encouraged us to experiment with methodologies on
|
| 14658 | 2 | apers in which body composition indexes have been used. also, general criteria have been assume
have been used. also, general criteria have been assumed to be valid for any human group witho |
| 13776 | 3 | the last 150 years, fossil fuel burning has caused the ph of the oceans to fall by 0.1 units -
at present . the impacts of this change have barely begun to be understood, however it is clear survival. alarmingly, very few studies have investigated the effects of these changes on coast |
| 10003 | 1 | imental/observational work programme we have assembled a strong uk-wide team with an extensive
|
| 10153 | 1 | imental/observational work programme we have assembled a strong uk-wide team with an extensive
|
| 11687 | 1 | imental/observational work programme we have assembled a strong uk-wide team with an extensive
|
| 11452 | 1 | uffer from infanticide and group-odours have been shown to reduce aggression. here, we plan to
|
| 2547 | 3 | tabilized homoploid hybrid species that has originated from hybridization events between house
to investigate the genomic changes that has occurred in association with this rare speciation e ers for the project. we will genotype a selected sample of these snp markers on a large number |
| 15421 | 1 | it has been predicted that, as a consequence of global war
|
| 12451 | 2 | estigate how climate change and fishing have impacted the distribution of fishing effort, fish
ge of fish and their relative abundance has changed and help infer factors influencing changes |
| 15211 | 1 | ter ecosystems. in order to do this, we have developed a working plan designed to evaluate the
|
| 10227 | 1 | ork well in laboratory studies, results have been more mixed in studies of natural populations.
|
| 10020 | 6 | cal communities. although great strides have been made in understanding the mechanistic functio
articularly common among ectotherms and have been intensively studied from a mechanistic and ph ther, the distribution of such defences have been considered both taxonomically and geographica the intense theoretical attention that has focussed on the evolution and maintenance of aposem the small number of previous works that have sought to determine optimal investment in constitu ematical treatments of optimal defences have ignored this trade-off greatly limits the taxonomi |
| 11044 | 6 | cal communities. although great strides have been made in understanding the mechanistic functio
articularly common among ectotherms and have been intensively studied from a mechanistic and ph ther, the distribution of such defences have been considered both taxonomically and geographica the intense theoretical attention that has focussed on the evolution and maintenance of aposem the small number of previous works that have sought to determine optimal investment in constitu ematical treatments of optimal defences have ignored this trade-off greatly limits the taxonomi |
| 188 | 1 | ate change impact analyses. few studies have been done on paleolimnological aspects of large sh
|
| 14453 | 1 | passerine migrants have extensively been used to study the functional char
|
| 15057 | 3 | al and metabolic point of view and thus have been isolated from very diverse habitats. furtherm
lutes and exopolysaccharides. our group has discovered over the past years, using methods based ther the methods and tools used to date have been sufficiently precise. given the importance of |
| 10796 | 1 | teem with complex animal life, nothing lived on the planet surface. eventually, some 460 milli
|
| 11858 | 2 | ousand years. the whole genus of cotton has experienced genomic expansion, and there is some ev
ssessment of the extent of change there has been over the past three thousand years. thirdly, t |
| 10322 | 1 | evolution, but the proposed combination has far reaching impacts in further understanding the s
|
| 10000 | 1 | tism and agriculture. previous research has demonstrated that at least two of these phases can
|
| 11843 | 8 | many animal species have been transported across the globe by human activit
lobe by human activities. some of these have become established and damage the species that nat es that naturally live in the area they invaded. invasive predator species able to use a wide r mount of resources. academic ecologists have been studying the interactions between predators a between predators and their prey. they have learned about the impact of that fragmenting habit ccess and mitigation of invasions. they have also devised equations to predict how the rate at he abundance of a prey population. they have also gained a better understanding of the conditio rants arriving in an area where control has taken place declines, as this area is more distant |
| 13481 | 1 | . the project combines all factors that have been found to be correlated with the occurrence of
|
| 12531 | 9 | considerable progress has been achieved in developing strategies for the erad
the wider environment. these strategies have largely focussed on the removal of infected host m r the last two years in managed gardens has demonstrated that when eradication action has been monstrated that when eradication action has been taken promptly, and vigilance maintained on tr ting/removing re-growth of the host, it has been possible to prevent further infection of host ction of host plants. however, analysis has also shown that the pathogens can persist in the en e pathogen. on affected nurseries there has been similar success with the majority of nurseries key nurseries where recurrent outbreaks have occurred and to monitor ongoing contamination at s outbreak sites where eradication action has been taken. levels of contamination will be investi |
| 432 | 2 | hifting. from the pleistocene many taxa have disappeared from thailand. the classical paleontol
oach of the site of ban fa suai that we discovered in northern thailand. the conjoint taphonomi |
| 10219 | 2 | he environment of the indonesian region has changed over the past 50 thousand years, and how th
derstand what additional tipping points may have been needed to trigger extinction. |
| 10905 | 2 | he environment of the indonesian region has changed over the past 50 thousand years, and how th
derstand what additional tipping points may have been needed to trigger extinction. |
| 12070 | 1 | ntaminated ecosystem. if a lot of works has been done to understand and predict optimal conditi
|
| 15145 | 2 | h a similar structure to others already developed in the balearic islands and the iberian penin
island of tenerife. interesting results have been obtained till the present, basically due to t |
| 10147 | 1 | ther species in natural communities. we have studied the parasites of two species of native and
|
| 11674 | 1 | ther species in natural communities. we have studied the parasites of two species of native and
|
| 11697 | 1 | ther species in natural communities. we have studied the parasites of two species of native and
|
| 14519 | 1 | the knowledge of parasites of red deer has been made by casual findings during hunting season
|
| 14521 | 1 | the knowledge of parasites of red deer has been made by casual findings during hunting season
|
| 11339 | 1 | stling begging behaviour. previous work has shown that nestling cuckoos tune in to the communic
|
| 10985 | 2 | akeholder workshops. ecosystem services have become popular for understanding linkages between
and poverty alleviation in particular, have been limited by various challenges. these challeng |
| 13841 | 1 | es of the landscape . twelve landscapes have been chosen in southestern sweden representing dif
|
| 10265 | 4 | the development of agriculture, humans have been releasing carbon dioxide . atmospheric co2 is
2050 / a concentration that our planet has not experienced in at least the past 3 million year most organisms alive in the ocean today have never experienced such a large change in all their take samples of ancient sediments that have been drilled from the ocean floor, analyse these s |
| 10791 | 4 | the development of agriculture, humans have been releasing carbon dioxide . atmospheric co2 is
2050 / a concentration that our planet has not experienced in at least the past 3 million year most organisms alive in the ocean today have never experienced such a large change in all their take samples of ancient sediments that have been drilled from the ocean floor, analyse these s |
| 530 | 1 | ironmental operations. these operations have been going on for several years, and are still run
|
| 2187 | 1 | s associated with semi-natural pastures have shown negative population trends. in addition, bei
|
| 2100 | 2 | shallow water fisheries in later years has led to an increased interest in deep-sea resources.
resources. however, deep-sea fisheries have often proved to be unsustainable after a short whi |
| 14164 | 1 | g the regulation of benthic communities has been investigated by a few recent studies in oceani
|
| 15387 | 2 | ts territory. a massive research effort has been dedicated to studying the causes behind the st
hat becomes increasingly alarming as it has been estimated that nearly one third of amphibian s |
| 15492 | 3 | recent times have witnessed a spectacular increase in the use of mol
tructure, comparatively little progress has been made on the study of evolutionary processes ge s where relevant evolutionary processes have taken or are taking place, in addition to the main |
| 10409 | 1 | reactive nitrogen and other pollutants has already caused a significant drop in diversity and
|
| 13611 | 1 | reactive nitrogen and other pollutants has already caused a significant drop in diversity and
|
| 15571 | 1 | reactive nitrogen and other pollutants has already caused a significant drop in diversity and
|
| 11804 | 1 | tting for early life. the surface rocks have been well studied, but the key next step is to obt
|
| 15220 | 1 | ses. with this information we will also built habitat suitability models and will propose the p
|
| 7173 | 3 | compete with native species. the first has focused on chemical control and the second mechanic
e is increasingly contested today. this has led us to monitor in real time the debates that hav o monitor in real time the debates that have emerged on the public scene in 2002, about the cho |
| 15358 | 1 | lutionary history during the quaternary has been little acknowledged. here we propose to study
|
| 11395 | 3 | ecologists have long puzzled over the mechanisms that maintain bio
rely random, chance events. this theory has been remarkably successful at describing the patter ically equivalent. while similar models have been studied before, they are so complicated that |
| 457 | 1 | iodiversity or even as pollution buffer has been proved in other regions. moreover, studies car
|
| 15002 | 3 | o answer as 30 years ago. some progress has been achieved for understanding the genetic basis o
low us to check weather different genes have evolved each time in response to adaptation or the adaptation or the same gene combination has evolved repeatably as a consequence of the structur |
| 7226 | 1 | fferentiation. the indian ocean islands have contributed very significantly to the advancement
|
| 467 | 1 | iation. the islands in the indian ocean have significantly contributed to the advancement of kn
|
| 15486 | 2 | d post-absorptive state. recent studies have showed that bmr is a highly flexible trait which i
osmoregulation or temperature changes, have received a lot of attention in recent years. howev |
| 6741 | 4 | he basis of the literature available we established that chemotaxonomic survey concerning wild
and infraspecific taxa of thymus there has not been published in hungary in the past decades. evaluation of the native gene resources has become an important task, taking the variability an uring introduction into cultivation. we decided the adaptation and/or development of the modem |
| 14953 | 1 | estigate some aspects and among them we selected three for this project. the objective include:
|
| 10301 | 1 | rtant because elevated p concentrations have been linked to increased rates of plant growth, ch
|
| 15454 | 2 | cently, the process of photodegradation has been identified as the main process of litter decom
ganic matter pool. however, few studies have quantified this process and its contribution to th |
| 10811 | 1 | onally well characterised food web that has been collected over a period of 10 years. we will u
|
| 14930 | 1 | ed. since the profiling of the hormones has been done for a wide range of insects, including be
|
| 10598 | 2 | ther phenomenon is fully understood. we have found a new pattern linking these two - the phylog
of hypotheses about how diversification has proceeded. we will then simulate simple candidate p |
| 10087 | 2 | ever since darwin it has been widely appreciated that species evolve by a pr
can appear quite different because they have evolved the same genes for different purposes. sur |
| 2477 | 1 | tions towards sensitive ecosystems that have previously been protected from resource extraction
|
| 14844 | 1 | ucture are usually species-specific and have been commonly used as diagnostic characters in ear
|
| 2066 | 1 | n produced. barriers to plant migration have been created and lifted alternately throughout the
|
| 15196 | 1 | nd two plastid dna regions. although it has been extensively studied, the phylogeny of the trib
|
| 15379 | 2 | lyploid and its parents. this complexes have been studied from different points of view, althou
of view, although most of these studies have focussed on systematic problems. there are few res |
| 14648 | 4 | limatic changes and geographic barriers have modelled speciation processes and the distribution
asia are barely known. previous studies have been focused on a few species with high dispersion ith high dispersion capacity that might have obscured traces left by those processes on their g habitat fragmentation or global warming have determined the demography and, thus, the conservat |
| 15512 | 1 | . previous studies at the genetic level have clarified some issues concerning the distribution
|
| 14913 | 1 | nhabiting complex geological areas that have undergone different historical processes during th
|
| 6886 | 1 | . a number of species within cyinipidae have lost the ability to induce galls themselves but in
|
| 10570 | 4 | working on river patterns and dynamics have viewed vegetation as having a passive role. howeve
0 years, an increasing body of evidence has indicated that riparian trees can be highly influen ns. whilst riparian trees and driftwood have received the most attention in their role as river ole as river engineers, recent research has demonstrated that under many circumstances and acro |
| 11052 | 4 | working on river patterns and dynamics have viewed vegetation as having a passive role. howeve
0 years, an increasing body of evidence has indicated that riparian trees can be highly influen ns. whilst riparian trees and driftwood have received the most attention in their role as river ole as river engineers, recent research has demonstrated that under many circumstances and acro |
| 11504 | 4 | working on river patterns and dynamics have viewed vegetation as having a passive role. howeve
0 years, an increasing body of evidence has indicated that riparian trees can be highly influen ns. whilst riparian trees and driftwood have received the most attention in their role as river ole as river engineers, recent research has demonstrated that under many circumstances and acro |
| 12558 | 1 | l industry. in england and wales, there have been over 250 outbreaks of p. ramorum or p. kernov
|
| 2513 | 2 | inent group of calcifying marine algae, have shown that the physiological responses to the same
groundbreaking insights into how algae have adapted to past environmental change, and help pre |
| 12041 | 1 | data on natural eukaryotic communities have been obtained.
|
| 10795 | 6 | ittle idea of why, where or even how it occurred, and what were its early consequences for huma
g from the near east where it began. it spread from east to west over 6,500 years, with differe uman groups, who for thousands of years had survived through hunting and gathering. also presen al species that people in the near east had already domesticated to track the specific routes t thods we will not only answer questions related to origins and dispersal routes, but also glean bedrock upon which modern civilization has been built. |
| 9943 | 6 | ittle idea of why, where or even how it occurred, and what were its early consequences for huma
g from the near east where it began. it spread from east to west over 6,500 years, with differe uman groups, who for thousands of years had survived through hunting and gathering. also presen al species that people in the near east had already domesticated to track the specific routes t thods we will not only answer questions related to origins and dispersal routes, but also glean bedrock upon which modern civilization has been built. |
| 10381 | 1 | london s lichen and bryophyte diversity has greatly improved following major reductions in so2,
|
| 11114 | 3 | gical perspective. however, few studies have focused on algal diseases, and data on this topic
few years, major technical improvements have been made in the field of large scale protein and survive without infecting seaweeds, it must have evolved very closely together with these. by |
| 14478 | 1 | ays. the species of the genus urocystis have been chosen because they parasite monocots . to te
|
| 12545 | 1 | se in point. other alternaria pathogens have also been intercepted on plant material in the uk
|
| 2461 | 1 | highly conserved. like animals, plants have acquired the ability to recognize invariant pathog
|
| 10981 | 2 | forests may follow. recently, evidence has been growing that high plant diversity in tropical
tructure of tropical forest communities have not been explored fully . we will test the hypothe |
| 11469 | 1 | tinue to expand over time if we compare related species, why do some have wider distributions t
|
| 9978 | 1 | tinue to expand over time if we compare related species, why do some have wider distributions t
|
| 14212 | 4 | ween neighbours of different identities have revealed very complex and species specific interac
direct inhibitory effect on root growth has been demonstrated in several study systems. however nisms involved in neighbour recognition have been relatively little studied, even less is known specific and soil microbial composition has been shown to change rapidly in response to plant i |
| 15035 | 2 | fect on the activity of the pks that we had found in c.sativus and mainly on its role over the
obes obtained from rpphya gene which we have just obtained and characterized. a further goal wi |
| 10292 | 2 | s of several ice age large mammals that did not become extinct in northern eurasia, e.g. red de
n and climate, where megafaunal remains have been found reliably associated with other fossil m |
| 11086 | 2 | s of several ice age large mammals that did not become extinct in northern eurasia, e.g. red de
n and climate, where megafaunal remains have been found reliably associated with other fossil m |
| 7475 | 1 | work on sustainable consumption, which has provided compelling arguments about the difficultie
|
| 14887 | 1 | and treatment of the illnesses for them provoked. likewise, during pollination and its previous
|
| 14849 | 3 | lt of this project a methodology tuning has been developed, by using an indirect elisa techniqu
of the daily and seasonal samplers. it has been tested, and corroborate through statistical an son. moreover, specific pollen proteins have been detected before and after the flowering of th |
| 14850 | 3 | lt of this project a methodology tuning has been developed, by using an indirect elisa techniqu
of the daily and seasonal samplers. it has been tested, and corroborate through statistical an son. moreover, specific pollen proteins have been detected before and after the flowering of th |
| 14851 | 3 | lt of this project a methodology tuning has been developed, by using an indirect elisa techniqu
of the daily and seasonal samplers. it has been tested, and corroborate through statistical an son. moreover, specific pollen proteins have been detected before and after the flowering of th |
| 15027 | 1 | c diversity and structure. some studies have shown that the spatial distribution of populations
|
| 11445 | 1 | ion to a particular pollinator type. we found an ideal model system to study this hypothesis. t
|
| 475 | 1 | reactive nitrogen and other pollutants has already caused a significant drop in diversity and
|
| 11130 | 3 | notype. the persistence of polyembryony has puzzled evolutionary biologists because it seems to
cyclostome species, crisia denticulata, has conclusively confirmed monozygotic polyembryony and e presence of water-borne allosperm, as has been found in the cheilostome celleporella hyalina |
| 212 | 1 | the key assumption of this hypothesis, has often been challenged. accordingly, the main goal o
|
| 12028 | 2 | h multiple haploid sets of chromosomes, has played a prominent and pervasive role in plant spec
ing, systematics, ecology and evolution have interacted in order to uncover molecular mechanism |
| 2164 | 1 | 1 recent research has demonstrated that conditions experienced by salmoni
|
| 14820 | 1 | riability. although both research lines have been developed separately, there is nowadays a tre
|
| 13835 | 1 | e last century, semi-natural grasslands have become reduced by almost 90% in sweden. short-live
|
| 10297 | 4 | ations are composed of individuals that have been subject to varying environmental conditions i
redictive models of population dynamics have been restricted to reproductive traits, and been b ern england. reproduction of tawny owls has been measured annually since 1979 in a large area w ation synchrony. the system under study has experienced marked, season-specific changes in prey |
| 6745 | 1 | but the detailed investigation of them did not happened. after finishing the project we will k
|
| 13472 | 1 | the swedish forest landscape has experienced a loss of natural disturbance processes
|
| 11355 | 1 | we have identified a polymorphism within the timeless cloc
|
| 11152 | 1 | generally accept that natural selection has shaped the appearance and behaviour of organisms, p
|
| 11392 | 1 | trains to see what accessory genes they have installed. we expect that even those bacteria that
|
| 13740 | 2 | atlantic cod has declined severely in several areas, including swedi
ulation structure. in a recent study we have investigated the genetic structure among 14 adult |
| 11709 | 1 | many global marine fisheries have collapsed, or are at record low levels of abundanc
|
| 10028 | 1 | many global marine fisheries have collapsed, or are at record low levels of abundanc
|
| 15502 | 1 | tion when they invade a new environment has gained support in the scientific community. plants
|
| 10078 | 1 | change, because laboratory experiments has demonstrated that temperature affects the strength
|
| 14734 | 1 | tial consequences of the global warming have not been considered yet. the main objectives of th
|
| 11073 | 6 | on tundra plants. the nitrogen that we watered onto the vegetation affected the physiology of
s; some species almost died out, others thrived. the results of this experiment were used to se eriment continued; after three years we stopped adding nitrogen to some of our experimental plo years it was clear that the vegetation had not recovered. in this project we will return to th experiment to measure how much recovery has occurred over 18 years. this is important because i rtant because international legislation has reduced nitrogen oxide emissions across europe and |
| 13469 | 1 | rn is that northern dragonflies seem to have contracted their range.
|
| 11163 | 6 | xamples of how agricultural development has caused signficant and often irreversible damage to
to come conventionally, computer models have provided guidance about future consequences of hum e of human actions, climate and ecology has effectively evolved to the state that we see today. . this is no idle thought. many studies have shown that the time taken for ecological processes four selected counties, two of which we have already worked in, for upto the last 200 years or armers the changes that the environment has already experienced and how it might change in the |
| 14641 | 4 | rabbit presence, such as australia, it has been empirically proved that certain populations wi
that firs outbreaks of the highly rhd, could have driven many rabbit populations to new, low d d by predation. in a former project, we have shown that most rabbit populations in the centre-s rrival of rhd. however, so far no study has assessed whether this lack of recovery in rabbit po |
| 1982 | 1 | ry large, only few experimental studies have investigated this process. in this project, we aim
|
| 11493 | 1 | of network and real organism compared. having validated the neural network model, and investig
|
| 11795 | 1 | of network and real organism compared. having validated the neural network model, and investig
|
| 13584 | 4 | l rates. accordingly, dozens of studies have shown that amphibian larvae exhibit adaptive respo
either used caged predators, or if they used free-swimming predators did not analyze behavioral or if they used free-swimming predators did not analyze behavioral interactions between predato y. from the predator view, many stuides have shown that aquatic invertebrate predators exhibit |
| 9945 | 2 | key global cycles which control climate have been altered. however, how the processes that sust
continue a large scale experiment which has been running since 2006 which involves the warming |
| 11798 | 3 | ater drainage and ice flow acceleration has been demonstrated. with over 250 lakes now known to
ist under the antarctic ice sheet there has also been rising interest in exploring these subgla subglacial lakes from former ice sheets has been neglible, with even fundamental questions rela |
| 10714 | 1 | this rapid climate change is likely to have pronounced effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecos
|
| 9851 | 1 | case partner, the avon wildlife trust, has been quick to adopt a living landscape approach to
|
| 1937 | 1 | xamine which changes in taxic diversity have taken place and what we can expect to happen in th
|
| 10108 | 1 | nalyse all the population matrices that have been published in ecological journals in the past.
|
| 11454 | 1 | rom our 50-year study of fulmar ecology have shown that variations in the north atlantic oscill
|
| 2069 | 1 | few have attempted to apply population genetics to understa
|
| 12167 | 1 | cted a short research project , we will run 2-3 expected change scenarios' relatoing to nationa
|
| 13883 | 1 | e. it was developed in epidemiology but has never been tested in ecology. the second method is
|
| 14518 | 1 | aimed to reduce those negative effects have been increasingly implemented in europe during las
|
| 12424 | 1 | spill response in english/welsh waters have well formulated national contingency plans and env
|
| 13869 | 1 | structure and composition in areas that have been altered by long-term fire suppression, thereb
|
| 461 | 5 | ontact with human populations, seabirds have always been exploited or used. egg collecting, hun
recently, ecotourism and biomonitoring have been developed and bring on a new economic value t on and destruction of breeding habitats have brought about decline or maybe even local extincti ided by these seabirds. we have in fact set up a multidisciplinary team composed of biologists, in fact set up a multidisciplinary team composed of biologists, socio-economists and local part |
| 10056 | 1 | component to this unique community. it has been determined that sea ice diatoms produced large
|
| 10057 | 1 | component to this unique community. it has been determined that sea ice diatoms produced large
|
| 11311 | 1 | component to this unique community. it has been determined that sea ice diatoms produced large
|
| 14555 | 2 | lity on which sexual selection may acts has inspired numerous empirical and theoretical studies
l traits also, most studies in the wild have been performed during only one season, however it |
| 14580 | 1 | ic web in mediterranean coastal marshes has been proposed, by means of a double approach: a tax
|
| 2140 | 1 | ant would be incomparable and likely to have far ranging implications for a better knowledge of
|
| 13400 | 3 | egions of turkey a germplasm collection has been established with the selected domestic cultiva
eign cultivars having different origins have been added in the collection in the years of 1971 89 domestic cultivars in the collection have been characterized on the basis of their morpholog |
| 2076 | 1 | ents and agreements can function. after having discussed the legal obligations both on a global
|
| 10261 | 2 | ir prey. within our previous grants, we have identified a receptor used by one protist species
we will study all cell surface proteins expressed by a species of protist predator using a tech |
| 14105 | 2 | od shortly after the larval yolk supply has been exhausted. starvation and high mortality is we
n the fish gut. thus, protist ingestion may have been neglected in the past because of difficul |
| 14334 | 2 | although numerous african rats and mice have been described over the last 150 years – many spec
e working on the different databases we decided to include not only the muridae, but the other |
| 12189 | 3 | olicy needs and cost, we will produce a set of ‘option packages’ which should enhance a range o
hip options. secondly, we will test one suggested option package in a experiment on a farm in l agreements are implemented. we will use established experimental procedures of replication and |
| 11541 | 1 | observations of how the north atlantic has responded to the pulsing icelandic mantle plume. as
|
| 10881 | 3 | he research in this urgency application has been prompted by the brief opportunity to study pum
to study pumice raft from the eruption have reached fiji and are progressing westward followin ches of deep ocean. pumice rafting will have been an important process in the geological past, |
| 1948 | 2 | listic kind. previous work in our group has shown that the outcome of life history evolution ma
ses of population dynamical models that have earned their keep in earlier life history work, bu |
| 12540 | 1 | . in the literature several wga methods have been described which may be useful in this context
|
| 10550 | 1 | l. numerous genes influencing behaviour have been identified in organisms such as the fruit fly
|
| 11030 | 1 | l. numerous genes influencing behaviour have been identified in organisms such as the fruit fly
|
| 11183 | 1 | ection of leaks. we will work alongside interested parties from industry, government and public
|
| 9858 | 1 | he gm air quality action plan, and this has provided the motivation for manchester city council
|
| 10166 | 1 | ection of leaks. we will work alongside interested parties from industry, government and public
|
| 10215 | 1 | ection of leaks. we will work alongside interested parties from industry, government and public
|
| 10415 | 1 | ection of leaks. we will work alongside interested parties from industry, government and public
|
| 10671 | 1 | ection of leaks. we will work alongside interested parties from industry, government and public
|
| 10931 | 1 | ection of leaks. we will work alongside interested parties from industry, government and public
|
| 11719 | 1 | ection of leaks. we will work alongside interested parties from industry, government and public
|
| 11182 | 1 | ection of leaks. we will work alongside interested parties from industry, government and public
|
| 11850 | 3 | s may seem self evident. natural tonics have been prescribed throughout recorded history from g
e resorts. more recently green exercise has been prescribed by modern medical practitioners. th rne of evolutionary pressures. evidence has been produced to support this hypothesis. for examp |
| 9861 | 1 | intensive. to address this problem, we have developed a novel automated flux chamber technique
|
| 10058 | 4 | nary biology, because significant costs have been measured for females when they multiply mate.
and general fitness, or because females have evolved mechanisms that allow selection of sperm t the conclusion of the project, we will have measured what fitness benefits can be gained under f polyandry. importantly, our work will have applied relevance for salmon hatchery breeding str |
| 10274 | 1 | environments. this shows us that earth has seen a wide range of different climates, including
|
| 1988 | 2 | lly for that reason potential conflicts have long been overlooked. however, recent research has
en overlooked. however, recent research has revealed that sexual conflicts can occur and may ev |
| 10711 | 1 | for many years, scientists have been fascinated by the continuous battle that rage
|
| 10359 | 2 | he majority of the existing population, has been attributed to a dispersal event from asia to n
e mammalian turnover event and the ietm has been extensively studied in north america using bot |
| 10641 | 3 | panzootic of amphibian chytridiomycosis has had profound deleterious effects on communities and
n many areas of the world. our research has shown that batrachochytrium dendrobatidis . this pr relationship between twjg and mcf that has yielded 15 publications and a current co-held nerc |
| 11141 | 1 | plant establishment. previous projects have established 11 green roofs across london, includin
|
| 11123 | 4 | ts into evolution. however, few studies have attempted to measure the overall strength and form
and females in natural populations. it has been proposed that female empid flies use male nupt e of male quality, but previous studies have demonstrated stabilizing selection. also, where se sex role reversal is predominant males have been shown to base their choice on female abdomen |
| 11227 | 1 | , helping us see how often major events occurred, and how much decade-to-decade variability in
|
| 9895 | 1 | , helping us see how often major events occurred, and how much decade-to-decade variability in
|
| 14128 | 1 | – acetate etc. this overflow metabolism has been studied using several genetic mutants to find
|
| 11878 | 1 | egin to understand why these behaviours have evolved in the way that they have. it is also very
|
| 14102 | 2 | stratigraphical methods. these methods have shown potential for ten-fold increase in biostrati
sity curves in temporal resolution that has not been achievable before, test different aspects |
| 10779 | 7 | nforest dieback occurred. was it a slow protracted decline or an abrupt crunch, and was global
the crucial time period. when we first reported these amazing discoveries back in april, they discoveries back in april, they really captured the public imagination and triggered something about these fossil forests is that they have been unearthed over thousands of hectares . this a ems much like rainforest today. my team has now identified seven fossil forests stacked on top lants to absorb carbon dioxide. studies have shown that the more carbon dioxide there is the ai carbon dioxide levels. together we will put together a high-resolution record of climate change |
| 12356 | 3 | rpose - why is the r&d needed rame head has been used for many years as a disposal site for dre
concerns and consequent media interest have implicated the rame head disposal site as one of t ion observed within whitsand bay. cefas has conducted multi-disciplinary surveys of the disposa |
| 12429 | 1 | review into the rame head disposal site has been requested by the parliamentary under-secretary
|
| 11871 | 2 | e numbers change over evolutionary time has always been mysterious. having different numbers of
part of the 1000 genomes project, which has stated aims to complete the sequencing and assembly |
| 11498 | 2 | ecades, seal populations around britain have undergone substantial changes in distribution and
based studies of these seal populations have created their own photo-id catalogues, ranging gre |
| 14800 | 2 | elationship with the climatic variables has been found. on the other hand, the alterations of t
he risks of the reappearance of malaria have already been published. |
| 14973 | 1 | ir limits of distribution. moreover, we have recently observed dramatic changes in the abundanc
|
| 10718 | 7 | estions regarding why, where and how it occurred, and what were its early consequences for huma
is movement is traditionally thought to have begun by a linguistically related group known as t their domestic animals as well. when we investigated the genetic signatures of archaeological p gs throughout island southeast asia, we expected the evidence to show that the route pigs took f the humans. after all, pigs could not have swum across the open ocean to reach the islands of the islands of west polynesia. what we found, however, strongly suggested that the pigs associ gs associated with the lapita expansion did not come from taiwan, as the people seem to have, b |
| 11422 | 7 | estions regarding why, where and how it occurred, and what were its early consequences for huma
is movement is traditionally thought to have begun by a linguistically related group known as t their domestic animals as well. when we investigated the genetic signatures of archaeological p gs throughout island southeast asia, we expected the evidence to show that the route pigs took f the humans. after all, pigs could not have swum across the open ocean to reach the islands of the islands of west polynesia. what we found, however, strongly suggested that the pigs associ gs associated with the lapita expansion did not come from taiwan, as the people seem to have, b |
| 15425 | 4 | tical point of view, various mechanisms have been proposed to explain population divergence and
amples of species where these phenomena have been studied in depth using multiple genomic marke the mammalian genome, which we recently developed, to reconstruct species trees using coalescen of two specific groups of mammals that have very specialized ecological strategies: one belong |
| 10785 | 2 | c eruption. the animals themselves soon rotted away, but their shapes were faithfully recorded,
ups as those herefordshire fossils that have already been studied. together, their study will a |
| 11065 | 2 | c eruption. the animals themselves soon rotted away, but their shapes were faithfully recorded,
ups as those herefordshire fossils that have already been studied. together, their study will a |
| 11833 | 2 | c eruption. the animals themselves soon rotted away, but their shapes were faithfully recorded,
ups as those herefordshire fossils that have already been studied. together, their study will a |
| 12049 | 2 | omote the recovery of biodiversity that has been impoverished by acidification. however, the va
es including two forest catchments that hae been limed in fall 2003. the project aims to evalua |
| 15587 | 1 | nomic and political changes, or if they have developed a high resilience over their history of
|
| 14022 | 1 | edes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus have shown that these behaviors are driven by a small n
|
| 11488 | 3 | on. current and previous work in my lab has demonstrated that the in situ community structure o
y nutrient regulon of iron . indeed, we have already observed an absence of a key regulatory co ced marine synechococcus genomes my lab has recently been annotating, which may constrain these |
| 1935 | 1 | portance on the sandy pleistocene areas have been especially affected. ecological restoration h
|
| 2065 | 1 | hydroelectric development, and tourism have expanded rapidly in these environments during the
|
| 6826 | 1 | molecular genetic methods have been increasingly used to study the effects of gen
|
| 9920 | 2 | a sparse genetic map has recently been estimated for the plant arabidopsis l
ill test whether the inbreeding species has evolved greater recombination than the outcrosser. |
| 11531 | 1 | / freeze-thaw on c mineralisation will have been determined.
|
| 10655 | 2 | eding shellfish that are not themselves harmed but which accumulate and concentrate the toxin i
their tissue. if the shellfish are them eaten by humans potentially serious illness may occur. |
| 11583 | 2 | eding shellfish that are not themselves harmed but which accumulate and concentrate the toxin i
their tissue. if the shellfish are them eaten by humans potentially serious illness may occur. |
| 193 | 3 | communities. large shallow lake peipsi has been a water body rich in fish production. however,
the total commercial catch in the lake has declined. socio-economic changes brought along with t problems among different stakeholders have not been addressed jointly in previous studies con |
| 10275 | 6 | ups for which comprehensive assessments have been made, amphibians rank as the most threatened
ith extinction as bird species. disease has been identified as one of the major contributors to endrobatidis, a chytridiomycete fungus, has been implicated in mass mortality events, populatio phibian communities. funded by nerc, we have completed three years of monitoring b. dendrobatid and chytridiomycosis across europe and have shown for the first time that infection is widespr toad bufo bufo. once these comparisons have been completed, we will develop mathematical epide |
| 11303 | 6 | ups for which comprehensive assessments have been made, amphibians rank as the most threatened
ith extinction as bird species. disease has been identified as one of the major contributors to endrobatidis, a chytridiomycete fungus, has been implicated in mass mortality events, populatio phibian communities. funded by nerc, we have completed three years of monitoring b. dendrobatid and chytridiomycosis across europe and have shown for the first time that infection is widespr toad bufo bufo. once these comparisons have been completed, we will develop mathematical epide |
| 15467 | 1 | their hosts, in which subject our team has made important contributions. this project is dedic
|
| 14550 | 1 | tions on climatic descriptors, known to have shifted from normal behaviour since 1980, with the
|
| 12024 | 1 | al changes affect marine ecosystems. it used marine top predators . all objectives have yet not
|
| 13460 | 2 | ater samples for the detection of frogs have been used before, however only for one species and
ary tests for multiple species presence have given promising results. this in combination with |
| 11859 | 1 | and modelling approaches. wedholme flow has been chosen because it contains a range of conditio
|
| 14365 | 2 | nd shadowing effects. recent techniques have been developed to correct high and very high resol
particularly difficult to apply them in streamlined processing schemes. at present, it is not c |
| 14359 | 3 | now, a variety of remote sensing tools has been developed for use in epidemiological studies,
demiological studies, but little effort has been made to fine-tune these tools, exploit their c achieve this, two highly dynamic themes have been selected: . --------------------------------- |
| 9805 | 1 | out neotropical and amazonian diversity have been tested only using morphological characters an
|
| 15227 | 1 | n specimen collections. in addition, we have detected a considerable rate of errors in the assi
|
| 14614 | 2 | o germination of proembryos, because it has been imposible to break its self-incompatibility by
ctive because of this biological aspect has not verified from the experimental point of view in |
| 11156 | 3 | cline or recover. population ecologists have been studying the interactions between climatic co
lifetimes. paradoxically, this analysis has only been seldom conducted on species experiencing cyclic demographic variation, while it has recently been estimated that about one third of ani |
| 10642 | 13 | shorelines of lake victoria, when they noticed semi-articulated large mammal bones and a tusk
iens but there are very few sites which have been well dated. finding fossils and lithics of th y and made collections near chianda. he collected fossil and lithic material but did not excava ollected fossil and lithic material but did not excavate. he believed the fossilised fauna he f ithic material but did not excavate. he believed the fossilised fauna he found was miocene in a te. he believed the fossilised fauna he found was miocene in age and part of a sequence of depo osits called the hiwegi formation. owen had collected material from other miocene sites to the wide array of animal and plant remains has been found at several sites where research has been n found at several sites where research has been concentrated over decades. in certain places o tes are perhaps best known because they have yielded remains of a very early primate called pro e size of ireland but previous research has suggested that the lake only formed about 400,000 y only formed about 400,000 years ago and may have dried up entirely several times since then as s that some of the carcass or carcasses may have already been eroded away. this project is a re |
| 13734 | 2 | ophenoloxidase activating system, which have been mainly studied by me and my team in crayfish.
e a stem cell culture which we recently have developed. in this cell culture we can propagate t |
| 11855 | 5 | tall people have been shown to earn more and appear more attractive
ods of time. one possibility is that we have tended to ignore the impact that an individual s b ey share the same genes or because they have been raised in the same environment. to separate t he effects of nature and nurture we can let parents raise some of their own offspring and some al and fostered offspring. only when we have compared many families is it possible to accuratel |
| 10500 | 2 | nology is largely unknown. our research has demonstrated that the capacity of soil to eliminate
te pollutants is greatly improved after having been mixed by earthworms. our aim in the propose |
| 10740 | 2 | nology is largely unknown. our research has demonstrated that the capacity of soil to eliminate
te pollutants is greatly improved after having been mixed by earthworms. our aim in the propose |
| 11622 | 2 | nology is largely unknown. our research has demonstrated that the capacity of soil to eliminate
te pollutants is greatly improved after having been mixed by earthworms. our aim in the propose |
| 11143 | 1 | sms that allow many species to co-exist have long interested scientists. resource partitioning
|
| 15394 | 2 | climate change and habitat destruction has prompted a plethora of research on the mechanisms t
empirical research in the past decades has advanced our understanding of these later limitatio |
| 15151 | 2 | he last few years the iberian peninsula has been subject to a number of episodes of particularl
es of particularly intense drought that had often produced serious defoliation and, locally, di |
| 12142 | 1 | ecently, a large number of europe lakes have become invaded and dominated by the planktonic nox
|
| 14528 | 2 | anisms.in the wetlands sediments we can found the summary of process that have been accounted i
e can found the summary of process that have been accounted in the water column, being, therefo |
| 15357 | 4 | cultural evolution of humankind has caused a major global ecological footprint that is
nd the time that ecological restoration has been operating. the five proposed objectives are th nd the time that ecological restoration has been operating, and the amounts of biodiversity and iodiversity and ecosystem services that have been restored in agrarian landscapes; 2 to underst |
| 12199 | 2 | habitat but the diversity of its flora has declined, primarily due to intensive agricultural p
pes. a large number of hedgerow surveys have been carried out, including the gb-wide countrysid |
| 1934 | 3 | dry heaths and nutrient-poor grasslands have been affected in the netherlands by soil acidifica
ospheric input of nitrogenous compounds has led to a transition from dwarf-shrub dominated to g dominance, a reduced species diversity has been observed in these ecosystems. species of the a |
| 13824 | 3 | acidification has been one major environmental problem with a sharp r
-diversity as an obvious result. liming has been used as a counter measure for a long time and emblance with the bio-diversity it once had before acidification became a problem we are going |
| 10946 | 1 | f scientific discovery. the archipelago has been described as a showcase for evolution , where
|
| 13809 | 3 | ecies. in sweden, little or no research has focused on species invasions. this is partly becaus
es invasions. this is partly because we have not suffered from large extinction events as a res nts as a result of invading species, as has been seen in ecosystems in australia and new zealan |
| 11151 | 1 | sy to identify. we will use a procedure called quantitative trait locus .
|
| 12589 | 1 | mental preservation. however, peatlands have been exploited by mankind over many centuries as a
|
| 12733 | 1 | y came into force on 1 october 2006. it replaced a pre-existing duty on ministers and governmen
|
| 12597 | 1 | essary to ensure that the groups points have been taken sufficiently into account. outputs: a r
|
| 12240 | 1 | ical disturbance. in recent years there has been considerable interest in, and development of,
|
| 15037 | 2 | rock-paper-scissors social systems have been shown to importantly affect population dynami
d as a model organism, where rps-cycles have been discovered recently, we will determine whethe |
| 10262 | 3 | though the fossil record has traditionally provided the timescale for evolutiona
ale for evolutionary history, this role has been usurped completely in recent years by the mole the data are in place - geological data have been gathered for the phanerozoic, but we will gat |
| 10216 | 2 | it is not surprising that phytoplankton have evolved mechanisms to protect themselves from graz
lectivity of grazers. over the years we have accumulated a good understanding of the role of ch |
| 10925 | 2 | it is not surprising that phytoplankton have evolved mechanisms to protect themselves from graz
lectivity of grazers. over the years we have accumulated a good understanding of the role of ch |
| 10790 | 1 | ing bacteria , although three other mbs have been partially characterized, which suggests that
|
| 6897 | 1 | e in the etiology of these diseases. we have discovered several la mrna splicing variants as we
|
| 11276 | 1 | ulation patterns around antarctica that may have ultimately driven increased efficiency of the
|
| 15058 | 1 | rom the multiplicity of hypotheses that have been proposed in recent years to provide a theoret
|
| 7640 | 1 | ntal and resource management strategies have been implemented. in agricultural areas, lowering
|
| 6780 | 1 | eus of the hypothalamus. recently, prrp has been demonstrated to influence the energy balance o
|
| 529 | 1 | thus the griffon vulture, species that has always been present in the pyrenees, was reintroduc
|
| 10456 | 1 | of these responses is poor but advances have been made in dissecting the mechanism of vernaliza
|
| 14485 | 3 | esistance to biological invasions. ants has been chosen as the indicator taxonomic group, since
since a dozen of non-native ant species have been recorded in the iberian peninsula, including abitats in which non-native ant species have been recorded, including both river and urban syst |
| 7116 | 1 | species always present in the pyrenees, has been reintroduced in the causses in the 80s, and mo
|
| 11213 | 4 | re in their natural habitats. they also had to adapt to changes in co2 concentration and temper
co2 concentration and temperature that have changed considerably since the evolution of flower genes encoding the rubisco complex that have been involved in adaptation to major shifts in spe understanding the ways in which plants have adapted their photosynthetic optimum in different |
| 219 | 2 | conventional optimality models have had limited success in providing evolutionary expl
conventional optimality models have had limited success in providing evolutionary explanati |
| 15046 | 1 | h as the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor ahr- have been deeply investigated and successfully used as
|
| 10405 | 1 | ionally, many advocates and governments have proposed the establishment of systems of payments
|
| 2462 | 2 | armed fish. the majority of salmon lice have therefore changed their resource base from wild to
ication we want to explore if this also has led to evolutionary changes in life history traits |
| 2548 | 1 | crop genetic diversity. although norway has chosen a less restrictive path, there is still a lo
|
| 10855 | 2 | tical land and ship-based methodologies have enabled the acquisition of reliable profiles for t
ely recognised that a tremendous amount has been learned about the distribution and biogeochemi |
| 2466 | 2 | hysiological function, how this pathway has evolved, and what its phylogenetic origin is. these
esponsible for the biosynthesis of psts have been identified from cyanobacteria. this new infor |
| 7480 | 4 | ld tests. an h.263+ compatible vtc tool has also been developed to add pointing features to be
earning application. the scalar project has made several contributions to both mpeg4 and itu-t1 coding of h.263 achieving 13,5 frames/s has been done to demonstrate the abilities of the ti c8 es of the ti c80 platform. the decoding has been done using a pentium processor. expected impac |
| 10841 | 1 | ansmitters and time depth recorders, it has become possible to remotely monitor the behaviour o
|
| 13860 | 3 | bility. environmental guidelines, rils, have been produced but so far mainly relate to issues o
ops with scientists and forest managers have shown that there is large interested in such rils re based. for the fauna, cifor recently has published a very valuable compilation of literature |
| 14711 | 1 | al simulation of environmental problems has highly benefited from the evolution experienced by
|
| 14710 | 1 | the ecosystem. lack of this combination has been the reason for failures in dloodplains restora
|
| 12183 | 3 | lnerable to compaction because they lie wet for protracted periods of the year. under enclosed
paction. traditionally, soil compaction has been seen solely as a cause of reduced grass produc farmers. in many instances, farmers who have elected to adopt a particular option are obliged t |
| 11105 | 1 | adults tend to return to the sites they have used previously, these juvenile decisions are crit
|
| 11434 | 1 | adults tend to return to the sites they have used previously, these juvenile decisions are crit
|
| 13949 | 1 | nt and implications of this disturbance have not been investigated. the aim of this project is
|
| 228 | 5 | owering plant species. lots of articles have been produced on their taxonomy and population bio
ary methods. whigham and rasmussen, who developed a method of sowing seeds in slide frames, sta . also this test is used for seeds that have been recently harvested and held under different c germinability. terrestrial orchid seeds have conventionally treated as transient. some studies ally treated as transient. some studies have indicated that the seed bank of some terrestrial o |
| 11237 | 3 | within the crustacean tissues and blood has been well studied. surprisingly, however, little is
gills of dying crustaceans. scientists have speculated as to what might happen to the spores o en to the spores once released: do they feed on prey in the seawater, do they infect other mari |
| 10845 | 1 | f adaptive genetic variation. this idea has never been tested in a wild vertebrate population.
|
| 10339 | 2 | , several explanations for this failure have emerged, many of which invoke environmental variat
urther complexities that we have as yet failed to take into account due to the fact that the di |
| 10515 | 6 | ast majority of animal biodiversity and have been studied intensively in the lab, providing num
panish meadow. over the last 2 years we have studied the population intensively, tagging every ern of relationships across generations have been estimated using dna fingerprinting techniques ing dna fingerprinting techniques. this has already provided important insights, such as showin mining aspects of sexual selection that have been well studied in laboratories, but neglected i itness of the other sex, something that has been demonstrated in the lab, but little studied in |
| 9999 | 6 | ast majority of animal biodiversity and have been studied intensively in the lab, providing num
panish meadow. over the last 2 years we have studied the population intensively, tagging every ern of relationships across generations have been estimated using dna fingerprinting techniques ing dna fingerprinting techniques. this has already provided important insights, such as showin mining aspects of sexual selection that have been well studied in laboratories, but neglected i itness of the other sex, something that has been demonstrated in the lab, but little studied in |
| 15353 | 1 | is reasoning, we postulate that animals subjected to higher oxidative stress may selectively ac
|
| 2021 | 1 | many studies on ecosystems have shown that gradual environmental change can lead t
|
| 11578 | 4 | nough to their changing environment. we have little understanding about the extent to which pop
e to changing temperatures. fly species have provided much needed information about potential a e frequency of this sex ratio distorter has remained stable for 70 years in the northwestern us te the frequency of sex ratio drive. we have found that female multiple mating can dramatically |
| 11830 | 4 | nough to their changing environment. we have little understanding about the extent to which pop
e to changing temperatures. fly species have provided much needed information about potential a e frequency of this sex ratio distorter has remained stable for 70 years in the northwestern us te the frequency of sex ratio drive. we have found that female multiple mating can dramatically |
| 7027 | 1 | alis, and axolotl, ambystoma mexicanum, have been selected as models representative for anura a
|
| 13832 | 2 | lays one egg per host. earlier research has shown that oxygenated monoterpenes and aromatics, c
e host identification, after the female has landed on the tree. the strategy of the project is |
| 10984 | 2 | iliar with the fact that in old age, we have reduced fertility, mobility and ability to combat
deer and sheep, the latter two of which have been studied for decades on scottish islands devoi |
| 10023 | 1 | ilibrium between closely linked loci we have identified a negative genetic correlation for fitn
|
| 11826 | 2 | o resist being infected. this arms race has been played out for millions of years and there is
ctions. partly because a new technology has emerged to sequence thousands of genes simultaneous |
| 10307 | 2 | however, recent work by the applicants has unravelled at least some of the steps by which dms
of their genomes, we will have a great set of resources to help us, and others in the marine m |
| 10562 | 2 | however, recent work by the applicants has unravelled at least some of the steps by which dms
of their genomes, we will have a great set of resources to help us, and others in the marine m |
| 11323 | 2 | however, recent work by the applicants has unravelled at least some of the steps by which dms
of their genomes, we will have a great set of resources to help us, and others in the marine m |
| 441 | 2 | collection of environmental strains. we have shown that spatial variability can be important al
microbial community structure. we also isolated more than 148 different environmental strains |
| 10209 | 1 | ertilization, but few empirical studies have focussed on the evolutionary and ecological conseq
|
| 11089 | 1 | ial, although there is evidence that it has been important in african freshwater fishes. fishes
|
| 10080 | 7 | th him. across the animal kingdom males have evolved extraordinary features such as impressive
decimate rabbit populations and animals have evolved powerful defences to fight infections and will test this idea in fruitflies that have been allowed to evolve under different levels of s tflies to mate with many individuals we caused strong sexual selection with intense competition to mate and fertilise eggs. indeed, we found changes in the way males sing to females which ma tching infections. in contrast, when we allowed only monogamous mating, that is, one female hou or their entire lives, sexual selection did not occur. as monogamous males do not have to compe |
| 10933 | 1 | lent rejection response. recent studies have highlighted the potential role sexual conflict pla
|
| 10856 | 1 | predict that sperm morphology, which we have shown to be unique in the bullfinch, makes bullfin
|
| 10519 | 4 | an exciting and controversial topic. it has long been recognised that adaptation to new environ
lution of new forms, but recently there has been great interest in the potential for sexual sel ations often mask the adaptations which have driven their evolution. for instance a new male se r study begins with populations that we have been keeping for over 7 years and the influences o |
| 10972 | 4 | an exciting and controversial topic. it has long been recognised that adaptation to new environ
lution of new forms, but recently there has been great interest in the potential for sexual sel ations often mask the adaptations which have driven their evolution. for instance a new male se r study begins with populations that we have been keeping for over 7 years and the influences o |
| 2143 | 1 | res for the offspring. previous studies have shown that females are fertilized by genetically c
|
| 11351 | 3 | o change and fill up new niches as they become available through time. species can change, beca
y with their original species, and they have then become a new species. biologists are particul n this beetle and then examine how they have evolved after 20 generations. our project will the |
| 15081 | 2 | barriers will be asymmetrical. our work has shown that sperm competition has selected a larger
r work has shown that sperm competition has selected a larger population of sperm ready to fert |
| 14642 | 1 | isolation. traditionally, the emphasis has been placed on reproductive barriers which act at t
|
| 15473 | 2 | the ova. although interspecific studies have shown that longer sperm swim faster, the earliest
levels of sperm competition, and which have been shown to be a good model because many of thei |
| 11000 | 1 | les favour certain males over others it has been suggested that females may select males that c
|
| 9824 | 1 | les favour certain males over others it has been suggested that females may select males that c
|
| 2112 | 2 | gical communities. most studies to date have used cross-sectional data in order to relate varia
opulations. there is also very few that have considered the effect of sex when estimating herit |
| 10017 | 2 | weather conditions in which each animal has lived. long-term studies of individually-recognised
ially masculine body proportions should have higher breeding success than males whose body prop |
| 11844 | 3 | g environmental data and so many groups have written software to allow environmental data to be
rrent tools. within the dews project we learned valuable lessons, and developed new software to ome of these problems. in particular we learned how to share and visualize very large volumes o |
| 11332 | 8 | over the last 200 years human activity has increased co2 in the atmosphere by around 40%, roug
ere by around 40%, roughly 25% of which has been absorbed by the oceans. this has increased oce h has been absorbed by the oceans. this has increased oceanic acidity by around 30%. many studi nic acidity by around 30%. many studies have shown negative effects of lowered ph on biological will quantify changes in skeletons that have occurred since the industrial revolution, when co2 industrial revolution, when co2 levels have been consistently rising. both our key species hav ges over the recent past as oceanic co2 has risen. thirdly we will analyse shell characteristic e will analyse shell characteristics in articulated brachiopods from different geological perio |
| 180 | 1 | the flora of rivers in estonia far less has been investigated. there is no information about th
|
| 7535 | 1 | mber of fluorescent pseudomonas strains has indicated that pyoverdines, major siderophore these
|
| 11340 | 3 | that are under constant selection. this has been an evolutionary conundrum because one would ex
individual . for a number of reasons we expected that condition will show a great deal of genet e target of female preference and which has been shown to have condition dependent expression. |
| 13857 | 1 | in india. lately the export of shrimps has declined due to several factors and government agen
|
| 15071 | 1 | metamorphosis has been one of the key innovations in the evolution of
|
| 10299 | 4 | ikely to be the case, because europeans have had a major impact on south american agriculture,
american agriculture, and in particular have been responsible for the extensive movement of mai rom one place to another. this movement has created noise , obscuring the prehistoric geographi raphic signal. in a previous project we started to do this by examining archaeological maize sp |
| 11212 | 3 | analysis. taxonomic sample enumeration has been completed and the measurements made will compl
requency data. for aries samples, video has already been taken and stored for samples containin tives. additional digital camera images have been made and stored, of chaetognaths, amphipods a |
| 15580 | 1 | ts of europe, the original forest cover has strongly been reduced and in these regions forests
|
| 13334 | 1 | esearch programme. still, the work that has been done indicates that sociological knowledge and
|
| 11544 | 2 | ividuals in behaviours and other traits has been, even before darwin, one of the central quests
o changing environmental conditions. it has been known for almost a century that individuals ca |
| 10492 | 4 | owever, a number of non-genetic factors have captured the attention of researchers because of t
ction of sexual selection. one of these has recently gained attention: plasticity in female mat the university of california, riverside has established that female crickets can retain informa l selection pressure in the wild, which has not been addressed in empirical studies to date. fi |
| 14206 | 1 | f five groups of gray-cheeked mangabeys have been continuously monitored in kibale forest natio
|
| 15166 | 2 | of the poorest known kingdoms. so far, has only been discovered a minimal part of the total es
of the sequences of 6 nuclear genes, it has been reconstructed the evolutionary tree of fungi s |
| 12620 | 1 | that soils across england and elsewhere have been losing carbon as a result of past changes in
|
| 10556 | 1 | face of all insects. very recently this has been confirmed by demonstrating that chemicals know
|
| 11286 | 1 | face of all insects. very recently this has been confirmed by demonstrating that chemicals know
|
| 464 | 1 | e elaboration of a development plan. we have chosen a zone of study in madagascar . the publica
|
| 13461 | 1 | and lynx and their distribution we need detailed knowledge of their spatial and social dynamics
|
| 10207 | 1 | bservations of the deep antarctic fauna have been made to abyssal depths so the use of isis to
|
| 15485 | 1 | n southern patagonia. coexistence might have occurred only recently if culpeos . we will also a
|
| 15016 | 2 | , and partly because human intervention has been less intense than in valleys, but still active
ut still active. several investigations have revealed the risk of species adapted to low temper |
| 10541 | 3 | ss is called density-dependence, and it has been a core theme in population ecology for decades
range of species, but we have a rather limited idea of the processes involved. this lack of un read in vertebrates. however, we have a limited idea about the individual dispersal decisions t |
| 11748 | 1 | rvation strategies. initial discussions have outlined several suitable projects in which invest
|
| 11510 | 1 | ntibiotics is of increasing concern and has fuelled a continued search for alternative ways to
|
| 10308 | 4 | vital importance. indeed recent studies have suggested that maintaining this diversity might be
0 separate species of plant. ecologists have long recognised that individuals of any given spec their own species. my previous research has shown that in principle, this clumping can be impor been developed. much of my recent work has been in developing these techniques, and arguably t |
| 11406 | 4 | vital importance. indeed recent studies have suggested that maintaining this diversity might be
0 separate species of plant. ecologists have long recognised that individuals of any given spec their own species. my previous research has shown that in principle, this clumping can be impor been developed. much of my recent work has been in developing these techniques, and arguably t |
| 2207 | 1 | s. from the very beginning we will work integrated with the swedish hunters´ association for wi
|
| 10272 | 1 | cation conditions, we will build a data set that we will then be able to anlayse to determine h
|
| 15282 | 9 | onesia-nw africa, e. africa and w. asia have been recognized for nearly a century, in what has
ecognized for nearly a century, in what has been called the rand flora pattern. many plant grou e rand flora pattern. many plant groups have been proposed to have this disjunct distribution o the increasing use of molecular markers have proved that these relationships are sometimes the gence. several alternative explanations have been proposed for the origin of this enigmatic dis y of molecular phylogenetic data, there has been no attempt so far to study this pattern statis ginaceae: kickxia. some of these groups have been studied in the past by our research team, so gical/ecophysiological adaptations that could have influenced the capacity of of the studied gr to infer the biogeographic factors that have shaped it through time: fragmentation of a macroco |
| 14684 | 2 | arge scale, the vegetation changes that have taken place in the mobile dune system since 1956 u
e species composition, how and where it has changed, their trajectories, the rates of change, t |
| 2128 | 4 | ed trade among countries and continents has increased the chances of introductions of new speci
of new species. once alien pest species have become established in their new habitats, they may iminary investigations of import timber have shown that alien bark beetle species occur in impo tion of data analysis and modelling. we have brought together a strong team of researchers with |
| 11312 | 4 | e the extent to which lake environments have influenced the genetic diversity of species within
ther past geological or climatic events have had an impact on the current patterns of biodivers s, or drier periods in africa s climate have influenced the evolution of synodontis catfish. th to better understand the processes that have promoted current biodiversity of tropical freshwat |
| 11626 | 2 | number of studies over the past decade have addressed the question of how speciation occurs in
high. understanding how this diversity has arisen is a major goal of evolutionary biologists, |
| 10325 | 1 | ew species would show offshore cichlids had arisen many times from distinct inshore-living ance
|
| 11438 | 2 | packages we call species, but evidence has been sparse. we will investigate the macro-evolutio
zoans, the bdelloids. we will combine a detailed survey of mitochondrial and nuclear dna sequen |
| 13758 | 1 | ybrid zones that are agreeable to study has been the main obstruction to advance our knowledge
|
| 13574 | 2 | st studies of grassland plant diversity have focused on the spatial properties of habitat fragm
ral changes in habitat connectivity. we have assembled a gis database containing detailed infor |
| 11765 | 3 | acing biologists today. recent research has identified climate-induced shifts in the distributi
and abundance of a variety of taxa, but has focused on individual species in isolation. as such nctions. furthermore, previous research has been concerned largely with changes at species cool |
| 14516 | 1 | only recently it has been discovered the existence of a wide range of pa
|
| 14771 | 2 | nfecting the running birds, or ratites, has been brought to light only in the last years. howev
iting them, and mainly in ostriches. we have recently proposed new and noted the possible exist |
| 11380 | 1 | the consequences of time constraints. i have focused on immune function and condition because t
|
| 2503 | 2 | european lobsters have declined steadily in abundance over the past 30-50
t 30-50 years, and several restrictions have been made to lobster fisheries already. new regula |
| 11181 | 1 | ch research interest, although progress has been impeded by difficulties of distinguishing post
|
| 10438 | 1 | ing pregnancy. we predict that females, having limited options available for escaping from male
|
| 14630 | 1 | d as models: hypochaeris . these genera have evolved in the most extreme zone of the west medit
|
| 15266 | 1 | ertainties in isotopic models in plants have raised in recent years and need to be addressed to
|
| 2458 | 2 | advances in molecular biology have revealed that most phenotypes are controlled by hi
effects on evolutionary dynamics. this has produced a need for empirical investigation of spec |
| 14576 | 1 | biological invasions have become so widespread as to constitute a significan
|
| 15070 | 1 | ental cues. however, few studies so far have examined the consequences of this variation in lon
|
| 2127 | 1 | ckleback. this primarily marine species has founded numerous anadromous- and stationary populat
|
| 10673 | 2 | nd attained its current fauna and flora has been particularly addressed at mammals. there is in
tudy will be conducted on stoats, which may have been able to survive on ireland during the las |
| 12357 | 1 | 985 , nine offshore wind farm in the uk have been subject to monitoring reports. this project a
|
| 12250 | 3 | ed by crop canopies before it can reach ground water or water courses. foliar diseases have lon
water or water courses. foliar diseases have long been known to reduce water use efficiency; wo ly as academic curiosities. recent work has shown that certain important types of disease resis |
| 11550 | 1 | freshwater communities and fewer still have measured ecosystem-level responses. most current d
|
| 7023 | 1 | he ever-increasing human footprint that has initiated the anthropocene. increasing globalisatio
|
| 11478 | 4 | y studies of host-parasite interactions have considered only the simplest scenario of a single
istance straightforward to identify and has been suggested to have evolved to improve their res d to identify and has been suggested to have evolved to improve their resistance to disease. th parasite and colony collapse disorder, have highlighted the vulnerability of honeybees to dise |
| 10897 | 1 | ce like millennium ecosystem assessment have made decision-makers receptive to the role ecosyst
|
| 15144 | 1 | nts in arvicolids species. for this, we planned to clone and analyze new repeated sequences and
|
| 2488 | 3 | s, salmonella typhi, bordetella species have established the importance of gene gain, displacem
at the evolution of these species which has occurred in - host is due to gain and loss of ancil wn for other pathogens. in contrast, we have now identified two rare genetic changes in a compo |
| 14207 | 1 | in modern agriculture, pesticides have been used in large quantities for controlling pest
|
| 14610 | 3 | recent studies have applied food web methodology to the study of plant
-pollinator interactions. these studies have revealed a cohesive, highly nested structure, with were randomly structured. these studies have also shown a high degree of asymmetry between inte |
| 10318 | 2 | evolutionary biologists have always employed a large diversity of approaches fo
om this process. theoretical biologists have used both simple and complex models to map out the |
| 15124 | 3 | y concepts in evolutionary biology that has been object of intense debate, but controversy yet
of pollination systems. generalization has been traditionally considered a non-adaptive state pollinators, a phenomenon that we call structured generalization. we propose that structured g |
| 15317 | 1 | s emphasis that most taxonomical issues have not been reconsidered ever since the original desc
|
| 14707 | 1 | imitations of the subfamily carduoideae have indicated that this group only includes the africa
|
| 13357 | 1 | rkey mint genetic resources in cryobank has been aimed in this project in particular.
|
| 7541 | 1 | d in the regulation of these mechanisms have been identified. these genes are expressed in resp
|
| 7628 | 2 | es, including water pollution. our team has recently shown that the diversity of these structur
ng water pollution. . moreover our team has recently shown that their common gene diversity, in |
| 7253 | 1 | e origin of biodiversity in urban areas has been neglected. it requires an interdisciplinary ap
|
| 14803 | 1 | ion genetic studies, being many of them implicated in genetic disorders transmitted by maternal
|
| 15210 | 2 | al concentrations. thus, microorganisms have developed mechanisms to be protected from high met
e metal resistance mechanisms described have been discovered throughout the study of cultured m |
| 12501 | 5 | e last 40 years, successive governments have considered the possibility of reform of the law re
llage greens. this is partly because it has long been recognised that town and village greens r spaces with those seeing them as under used areas in need of development. this research is an to ‘examine a sample of the sites which have been registered as town or village greens since ja 2004 as well as a sample of those that have not been registered’. the project will also examin |
| 14838 | 2 | virus cluster. in 2005, 3 new outbreaks have been described in different areas of the pyrenees.
ion in the chamois population and if it has been transmitted to other wild or domestic species. |
| 7598 | 1 | in the genus rosa, breeding rooms have undergone major diversification. this project aims
|
| 15034 | 1 | ed in our waters. but all these studies have been done with legionella-free cells, although eco
|
| 15374 | 1 | s can be generalised to understand what may have been happining in other lacustrine mountain di
|
| 6932 | 1 | d thousands of isolated bones and teeth have been unearthed by systematic excavations. the vert
|
| 15076 | 1 | uercus species in the iberian peninsula has been described. thorectes lusitanicus jekel is an i
|
| 14584 | 1 | f their regeneration. for this study we have chosen the lithophyllum stictaeforme community, on
|
| 14908 | 1 | s emphasis that most taxonomical issues have not been reconsidered ever since the original desc
|
| 14998 | 1 | new lineages/species in which sexuality has been definitely lost.
|
| 13486 | 2 | ws on these two lines of research there has been no study that has managed to explicitly consid
f research there has been no study that has managed to explicitly consider and explain biodiver |
| 6936 | 1 | factor receptor 1 gene. finally we will set up a new model describing the scalation pattern in
|
| 15031 | 2 | contamination, the use of these species has extended to air quality monitoring networks in doze
to which the organism is exposed. there has been little scientific debate of this issue, and on |
| 14368 | 5 | ecosystems in east-africa have been changing significantly in the last decades. p
amics, climate change and market forces have led to overexploitation and degradation. counterac rtant realization of endeleo is that it has raised awareness and basic understanding on the pot ental monitoring at organizations which have not been using satellite data before. several of t satellite data before. several of them showed great interested and closely followed up the act |
| 10936 | 1 | odiversity in functioning of ecosystems has revitalized the question of how diversity affects t
|
| 12164 | 7 | enhanced base status would, therefore, have been at an early stage of development at the end o
ve and below ground community responses have had time to develop more fully. to date bd1415/145 develop more fully. to date bd1415/1456 has provided clear evidence that the ecological value o nual applications of 12 or 24 t fym /ha had not damaged the ecological value of the study meado tments. during the course of bd1415, it emerged that the supply of plant available n and p in t y of plant available n and p in the fym may have been underestimated. the amounts of n and p su eatments were, therefore, considered to have been too low. consequently the amounts of plant av |
| 11688 | 1 | ogether on papers and new proposals. we have established an east african forum to ensure good r
|
| 11617 | 1 | in recent years it has become increasingly apparent that the microbial loo
|
| 10822 | 1 | ten unstable, perhaps because nutrients have been insufficiently controlled. recent changes in
|
| 10161 | 1 | etween species within a habitat we will run comparative demographic experiments, which allow th
|
| 11352 | 1 | etween species within a habitat we will run comparative demographic experiments, which allow th
|
| 12732 | 2 | rojects to address knowledge gaps which have been identified as a barrier to the delivery of co
al addresses additional priorities that have been identified by other taxonomic experts in any |
| 14725 | 2 | e fascinating evolutionary changes that have accompanied the morphological adaptive radiation i
pe flora and to explain why some genera have been so spectacularly successful in this important |
| 15429 | 6 | haripinae, alloxysta and phaenoglyphis, has never been done. besides, many times in these ecolo
ojects of the national plan of i+d+i we have been working with the charipinae, mainly focusing lt of these studies, our investigations have had an important international impact and we have n important international impact and we have become a world reference team in issues concerning many researchers from several countries have addressed to us their questions about determinatio al results, many taxonomic achievements have been made: the knowledge of the genera thoreauana |
| 151 | 1 | system of geometrid moths up to present has remained not substantiated in some up-to-date way.
|
| 11862 | 1 | ealth and economy. never before have we had such powerful scientific tools to exploit beneficia
|
| 14911 | 2 | iterranean megachilildae . these groups have been choosen because they are the more polymorphic
ical key characters and as well it will set up the basis for the conservation of this group of |
| 14769 | 2 | omic relations and phylogenetic studies have been made being based on hardly characterized morp
e accomplishment of the project that we presented. the objectives of the present project are: 1 |
| 15235 | 1 | machines is needed. to date, this lack has been resolved with stays in different research cent
|
| 6783 | 2 | unknown species of the tropical insects has been collected yet. this statement is valid also fo
ting individuals in the field, which we elaborated in the last decade, by which obtaining speci |
| 14893 | 1 | p of 9 introduced and 64 native species have previously been studied , mainly on tropical areas
|
| 14921 | 3 | the taxonomical complexity of the genus has traditionally put obstacles in the way of studying
lution of this genus on which our group has worked during the last 15 years, is an essential ob d systematics of the genus orthotrichum has experienced important advances in course of the las |
| 14489 | 2 | s emphasis that most taxonomical issues have not been reconsidered ever since the original desc
fficiently known. of these dates we can concluded that there is not a modern taxonomical revisi |
| 6848 | 4 | extant species of the tropical insects has been collected yet. also the dipterous fauna of the
terous fauna of the afrotropical region has been known inadequately and unevenly. the aim of th ity of individuals. since those species have already been described, the only way to avoid need ting individuals in the field, which we elaborated in the last decade, obtaining specimens of r |
| 14861 | 2 | ization of western european areas might have originated once or several times across the strait
the species for which the type material has been lost. 6.- infer the colonization pattern of th |
| 14890 | 1 | e of their importance, world caprellids have been scarcely studied due to the lack of illustrat
|
| 14637 | 1 | nish mediterranean coast, an area which has been often sampled by our research group. from the
|
| 14574 | 6 | a transition between them. some species have been traditionally considered as belonging to othe
ties and at the same time some patterns have been strongly modified to adapt to particular envi ters but keeps eucosmine conditions. it has been already checked that some species have produce been already checked that some species have produced interesting new characters within the gro exual characters : males in crocidosema have been forced by strong sexual selection forces; the rse in secondary sexual characters that have changed drastically within the group sometimes bet |
| 2090 | 4 | to convergence. the calcareous sponges have got a reputation of being obscure and taxonomicall
ly difficult, and no comprehensive work has been done on this group in the deeper part of the n tic and arctic oceans. some more effort has been put into the shallow water calcareous sponge f ombined with detailed histological work has thrown new light on the classification of the calca |
| 14644 | 1 | sydney for the study of the eusyllinae has been obtained, as well as for a month on a stay in
|
| 10466 | 4 | ely a phylogenetic nicety: it reveals a protracted and sequential construction of the bodyplan
feeding in toothless jawed vertebrates has not been the subject of critical analysis. how feed ineages, and our initial investigations have revealed that these toothless forms appear to poss d the nature of their food. we will use sophisticated and powerful computer models to determine |
| 10906 | 4 | ely a phylogenetic nicety: it reveals a protracted and sequential construction of the bodyplan
feeding in toothless jawed vertebrates has not been the subject of critical analysis. how feed ineages, and our initial investigations have revealed that these toothless forms appear to poss d the nature of their food. we will use sophisticated and powerful computer models to determine |
| 11418 | 4 | ely a phylogenetic nicety: it reveals a protracted and sequential construction of the bodyplan
feeding in toothless jawed vertebrates has not been the subject of critical analysis. how feed ineages, and our initial investigations have revealed that these toothless forms appear to poss d the nature of their food. we will use sophisticated and powerful computer models to determine |
| 11148 | 2 | st. unfortunately, measuring such costs has proved to be extremely difficult, especially in ani
or across the lifetime of an organism, has proved beyond us. telomeres are long, specialized r |
| 15405 | 2 | arths temperature over the last decades has generated a proliferation of studies on climate cha
nhance decomposition rates. few studies have tried to clarify if the response of this process t |
| 15406 | 2 | earths temperature in the last decades has made to proliferate studies within the scope of cli
omposition rates. few studies, however, have tried to elucidate whether the response of this pr |
| 15573 | 1 | al populations, but their functionality has rarely been tested. it is determined by its net eff
|
| 7704 | 2 | sources by agricultural activity. there has been a decline or destruction, inspection rules"loc
al control loss of resources. this task has already been completed in brazil, largely in cooper |
| 6859 | 1 | to now, geologists and paleontologists have mainly collected the larger specimens from harder,
|
| 10806 | 3 | considerable effort and money has been devoted to determining the ecological conseque
of a wide range of interventions, which has resulted in an extensive literature. however, resea cademic papers. evidence-based medicine has revolutionised medical practice in that the collect |
| 10617 | 2 | pecies and morphological diversity that have rarely been tested. replicate radiations of cichli
e of a radiation after species richness has plateaued, and whether deterministic processes domi |
| 10025 | 5 | nary theory the picture of evolution we have inherited from the modern synthesis is a rich and
ift in shaping molecular variation, and have increasingly been able to measure and observe natu ecent advances in theory and experiment have added considerable sophistication to our basic vie ous successes of these developments, it has often been very hard to judge how important each on pt and evolve. the main stumbling block has been a lack of traits about which we know a lot abo |
| 11409 | 5 | nary theory the picture of evolution we have inherited from the modern synthesis is a rich and
ift in shaping molecular variation, and have increasingly been able to measure and observe natu ecent advances in theory and experiment have added considerable sophistication to our basic vie ous successes of these developments, it has often been very hard to judge how important each on pt and evolve. the main stumbling block has been a lack of traits about which we know a lot abo |
| 10312 | 2 | d lines of drosophila melanogaster that have been derived from a natural population in north ca
d sexual antagonism. we will screen all inbred lines for male-male ssb to identify those contai |
| 1958 | 1 | ring, it is surprising that few studies have attempted to uncover causal relationships using a
|
| 1971 | 1 | of several leading sex theories, which have proven to be hard to verify with living organisms.
|
| 10026 | 1 | ence rates. however, more recent theory has shown that this prediction is over-simplistic and m
|
| 10303 | 3 | ithin genomes. surprisingly little work has been conducted to address the question of how host
posable element biology and is known to have recently colonised worldwide habitats from africa. r species range into europe from africa has been accompanied by an increase in transposable ele |
| 9860 | 5 | spatially through the population. there has been a number of computer models that show that thi
ct on the disease dynamics. recent work has shown that this spatial structure can also have imp to the evolution of parasites. if they spread locally, they are selected for lower transmissio ult to test this sort of theory, but we have developed an insect virus system in which we can m move. our recent work using this system has confirmed the predictions of the model of the effec |
| 10583 | 3 | arly in the hypothesis that angiosperms have competitively displaced conifers from productive h
orests in new zealand. individual trees have been monitored over time, providing detailed infor whether their responses to competition have contributed to their current distribution. |
| 2551 | 1 | g discovery in biomedical research, and have recently gained ground in the fight against malari
|
| 14214 | 2 | terns of root growth towards neighbours have been explained by changes in root-root signalling
relative for competition , species that have evolved in ecosystems poor in plant species, and r |
| 6892 | 1 | ogically defined bones, similarly as we have successfully performed it during our former nkfp p
|
| 223 | 5 | individuals depending on their identity has been thought to be relatively limited in plants. ho
idance of root competition among plants have been demonstrated, and less intense competition ha onstrated, and less intense competition has been observed between related than non-related indi ry of inclusive fitness and cooperation has not been applied in modelling of plant behaviour, a f plant behaviour, and no field studies have explicitly sought evidence of applicability of tha |
| 14464 | 1 | turkish territory. the following tasks have been planned: ● investigation of the species compo
|
| 9821 | 6 | in the last 25 years, scientists have come to understand the importance of large meteori
rly history of the earth and mars, they may have been important habitats for life. the boltysh e chicxulub crater in mexico, though it has not been possible to determine whether the two happ illed in the 1960s - 1980s but the core has been lost in subsequent regime changes, apart from s, apart from a few scattered pieces we have been able to study before starting this work. this more precisely, and perhaps whether it formed at the kt boundary, predates it or indeed post-d |
| 15344 | 1 | tices and a growing industrial activity have increased environmental pollution and caused major
|
| 10636 | 1 | t possible to discriminate between them based on morphology. we will therefore utilise recently
|
| 10793 | 1 | ost astonishing wildlife spectacles and has puzzled humans for since the time of aristotle. how
|
| 10135 | 2 | ffects of a cold winter on species that have recently expanded their range, reproductive cycles
ate whether colder water species, which have declined in abundance in the u.k., can exhibit sig |
| 1986 | 1 | oth process and pattern in evolution we have initiated an integrative, broad evo-devo research
|
| 12625 | 2 | search may be significantly higher than have actually been experienced by some firms going thro
ons in the previous research were based may have produced inflated cost estimates from the busi |
| 15204 | 3 | mental variation across tree canopy. it has been argued that, besides those responses, there mu
ision of labour in terms of fitness. we focused on wild olive and kermes oak, as some of their s some of their westernmost populations have been previously characterized, genetically and phe |
| 10882 | 4 | that might underlie this. recently, we discovered a highly polymorphic genetic identity signal
ding with close kin by house mice. this has provided clear evidence of a genetic recognition me orphic genetic marker. we will use this proven genetic marker to test whether female house mice tion of close kin. through modeling, we have generated testable predictions concerning the prop |
| 10535 | 1 | indonesia has been identified as one of the key areas for the ran
|
| 10851 | 1 | deavour, a dearth of developmental data has led to a strictly circumscribed role for palaeontol
|
| 11354 | 4 | how changes to patterns of development have produced the branching events in the tree of life.
e the only tests of such hypotheses but has been silent in such debates because of a dearth of data preserved in the fossil record. we have identified a large number of new sites of exceptio microct, preliminary attempts at which have revealed preservation of internal cell boundaries |
| 10361 | 1 | ioecious. published work on the species has hypothesised models implicating selection at both p
|
| 14135 | 1 | ter to the brackish northern baltic sea has been observed. the phylogenetic study of bacteriopl
|
| 10600 | 2 | non-thermophilic crenarchaea have recently been detached at high levels in soil usin
ative of these non-extremophile archaea has been cultured in the laboratory. consequently, noth |
| 11481 | 7 | here are patterns in nature. ecologists have long sought to explain these natural patterns of d
stribution and abundance and two models have emerged as explanations. the traditional view is t traditional view is that the organisms have evolved to occupy a niche . more recently, the neu tems.. microbial diseases in particular have been shown to change plant communities: dutch elm am symbiosis in field systems, however, have consistently shown that the distribution of the am . to test this we will construct models based on the two competing theories, with the predictio much less acid. where the limestone cap has eroded away the soil is much more acid, and a strik |
| 10503 | 4 | y and iberia to northwest europe. there has been much debate about the factors underlying agric
ese pressures. recent research at umist has suggested that the patterns of genetic variation am ble a much larger genetic database than has hitherto been available for modern landraces of bar nd to what extent environmental factors have influenced the development, differentiation and su |
| 10505 | 4 | y and iberia to northwest europe. there has been much debate about the factors underlying agric
ese pressures. recent research at umist has suggested that the patterns of genetic variation am ble a much larger genetic database than has hitherto been available for modern landraces of bar nd to what extent environmental factors have influenced the development, differentiation and su |
| 10691 | 4 | y and iberia to northwest europe. there has been much debate about the factors underlying agric
ese pressures. recent research at umist has suggested that the patterns of genetic variation am ble a much larger genetic database than has hitherto been available for modern landraces of bar nd to what extent environmental factors have influenced the development, differentiation and su |
| 11002 | 4 | y and iberia to northwest europe. there has been much debate about the factors underlying agric
ese pressures. recent research at umist has suggested that the patterns of genetic variation am ble a much larger genetic database than has hitherto been available for modern landraces of bar nd to what extent environmental factors have influenced the development, differentiation and su |
| 2034 | 1 | amics of fish stocks. this narrow focus has led to management strategies that ignore the dynami
|
| 11129 | 1 | on of labour at a much finer scale than has previously been obtained. experiments will then man
|
| 2142 | 2 | and during 120 years more than 20 demes have been established. owing to profound temperature di
icant genetic and phenotypic divergence have developed during the short time span at hand, and |
| 2144 | 3 | ulations on various geographical scales have been performed in recent years. some studies concl
utatively neutral markers. earlier work has shown that norwegian populations may often be chara at expected based on census numbers. we have found extensive and highly viable seed banks in th |
| 143 | 2 | to distinct environmental conditions - has been demonstrated to be an independent adaptive tra
fore, in ecological studies, plasticity has never been considered as a separate adaptive trait |
| 2024 | 1 | ly underappreciated. by tradition, they have been analyzed and understood as populations, witho
|
| 10669 | 4 | rstanding of how evolution operates, we have only limited insight into its detailed workings in
which they live and the evolution that has occurred up to that point. so much is clear, but th measured across 23 years. dna profiling has been used to determine paternity and provide a fami d here. secondly, our previous research has demonstrated that there are four kinds environmenta |
| 10886 | 4 | rstanding of how evolution operates, we have only limited insight into its detailed workings in
which they live and the evolution that has occurred up to that point. so much is clear, but th measured across 23 years. dna profiling has been used to determine paternity and provide a fami d here. secondly, our previous research has demonstrated that there are four kinds environmenta |
| 10735 | 6 | e aim of evolutionary biology. this aim has gained renewed prominence as we try to understand h
tal if we are to understand how species have evolved in the past, and how they will do so in fu ination is a very important process and has been shown to be correlated with higher levels of g ations are of great interest because it has become a cosmopolitan species, adapting to many new nd years. like humans, it is thought to have originated in africa, colonising the rest of the w rica, because the species is thought to have reached america more recently than europe - severa |
| 11865 | 2 | d central nervous system. acanthamoebae have also been shown to harbour human pathogens includi
hogen and the largest known virus which has only been isolated twice before. further soil and s |
| 15141 | 3 | record. the sixth extinction, however, has been driven by human activity. the sustainable use
erranean habitats. biologists, however, have long overlooked mygalomorph spiders due to their s of information on spider genomes, which has hampered progress in spider systematics and phyloge |
| 15308 | 2 | influencing the coevolutionary process has progressed in the last years by studying several sy
cological conditions in northern europe have favored coevolution between crossbills and scots p |
| 14167 | 4 | orest area and its forest fragmentation has been reported to occur in highly populated or agric
nsively managed areas, forest land area has been increased during last decades throughout the t ist of secondary forest. latest studies have shown that the realized for habitat demanding spec on on species dispersal. most of effort has been devoted to the analysis of the effect of habit |
| 10614 | 2 | the theory of host-parasite coevolution has evolved from a strictly one parasite-one host syste
ion. to date, however, little attention has been focused on the effects of parasite life-histor |
| 10268 | 1 | invasive species have been identified by the iucn as the second biggest
|
| 2062 | 3 | rtant factor for plant dynamics, but it has proved difficult to generalise about grazing impact
a functional classification of species has been central in order to understand and predict veg the effect of grazing, but few studies have explored the importance of plant functional traits |
| 6951 | 4 | g term dynamical studies. this research has already started: the sampling plots have been selec
has already started: the sampling plots have been selected, and from the background variables t ight conditions and landscape variables have been finished. from the biological variables the f ion, forest herbs, bryophytes and birds have been carried out. in the framework of this project |
| 13451 | 4 | estigate how the sperm whale population has been affected by past industrial whaling, by extrac
that regulates and monitors the whaling has expressed interest in our preliminary results and h interest in our preliminary results and has asked us to keep them informed about future outcome y results and has asked us to keep them informed about future outcomes. |
| 13450 | 1 | rchid conservation in general, and will have direct applied value in terms of targeted manageme
|
| 12587 | 1 | and the recycling of organic materials have been promoted as a means of sequestering carbon in
|
| 11394 | 1 | developmental biologists and ecologists have begun to join forces to answer this question in th
|
| 2043 | 4 | itionally, enforcement on the high seas has been the prerogative of the flag state of the vesse
vessel concerned. however, flag states have been negligent in fulfilling their duties in this inadequate flag state control not only has endangered the viability of many fisheries on the h zs. particularly since the 1990s states have been looking at the enhancement of flag state and |
| 14837 | 1 | ed. since the profiling of the hormones has been done for a wide range of insects, including be
|
| 10717 | 2 | e hypothesis that vertebrate complexity has increased through time, with increases linked to ge
gh time is a subjective impression that has never been exposed to scientific scrutiny. conseque |
| 1989 | 1 | tion is a powerful idea in biology that has helped us to understand how elaborate mating displa
|
| 10233 | 2 | rphological and artifactual evidence it has been argued that there have been significant change
evidence it has been argued that there have been significant changes in hominid dietary adapta |
| 10733 | 2 | rphological and artifactual evidence it has been argued that there have been significant change
evidence it has been argued that there have been significant changes in hominid dietary adapta |
| 11248 | 2 | rphological and artifactual evidence it has been argued that there have been significant change
evidence it has been argued that there have been significant changes in hominid dietary adapta |
| 9934 | 2 | rphological and artifactual evidence it has been argued that there have been significant change
evidence it has been argued that there have been significant changes in hominid dietary adapta |
| 10530 | 9 | most worryingly of all, recent surveys have shown that large parts of the ocean are running ou
t the first time that marine ecosystems have faced such threats. the fossil record shows us tha y times in the past global temperatures have risen, ocean circulation has slowed down, and oxyg peratures have risen, ocean circulation has slowed down, and oxygen-starved dead zones have exp wed down, and oxygen-starved dead zones have expanded throughout the world s oceans. understand ns. understanding how marine ecosystems have been affected by past environmental change, and in particular trying to find out how they coped with increasing temperatures and decreasing amoun math of the biggest extinction event to have affected life on earth around 250 million years ag h time, and in particular how well they functioned, in response to changing environmental condi |
| 10121 | 1 | iological control. sex ratio distortion has evolved in diverse parasites . we will test whether
|
| 11048 | 1 | iological control. sex ratio distortion has evolved in diverse parasites . we will test whether
|
| 11567 | 1 | iological control. sex ratio distortion has evolved in diverse parasites . we will test whether
|
| 10645 | 2 | e. yet there are almost no studies that have examined how patterns of parental care are inherit
ur of this beetle. in my laboratory, we have begun to examine quantitative genetic influences o |
| 13930 | 1 | imultaneously. such multiple infections have frequently been shown to lead to competition betwe
|
| 2020 | 3 | eciation. three major areas of research have been ignored so far. first, plasticity in the trai
in the traits under divergent selection has been thoroughly neglected and thus the role of plas eciation can occur. third, the emphasis has been on morphological traits, whereas life-history |
| 11179 | 2 | ecause in uk s. squalidus the s alleles have evolved uniquely such that they behave in a way th
tives to determine how these s. alleles have evolved within uk s. squalidus to promote its repr |
| 14778 | 1 | eusocial hymenopterans have long been considered interesting models to test bo
|
| 14925 | 1 | d generally through human intervention, have enormously expanded their geographical ranges, som
|
| 11668 | 2 | recent epidemics such as foot and mouth have emphasized the importance of infectious diseases f
ugh evolutionary time. theoretical work has been developed that predicts changes in virulence u |
| 10337 | 1 | tood phenomenon. zinc hyperaccumulation has probably evolved just twice in angiosperms, includi
|
| 10060 | 1 | n reasons for this is that few attempts have been made to understand how natural selection acts
|
| 11650 | 1 | tion of marked oreamnos americanus that has been intensively studied since 1988, determined thr
|
| 11093 | 1 | cted pedigree of a wild population that has been intensively studied at kluane lake, yukon sinc
|
| 14476 | 1 | ution of viviparity. for this reason we planed the present project to test in one of such rare
|
| 14894 | 2 | in fact, only three species world-wide have been confirmed to present between-population diffe
o study the evolution of viviparity. we proposed the present project to test in one of such rar |
| 2508 | 3 | ecological and economic impacts, which have been the focus of attention in numerous studies. d
dies. despite a variety of studies that have addressed the controls behind, and impact from jel elagic environments, only a few studies have assessed the impact of jellyfish detritus explore |
| 11580 | 2 | burning of large amounts of carbon that has been buried underground for millions of years. once
the length of time over which the soils have developed is the only difference between the soils |
| 6746 | 2 | there had just been a very few floristical and coenological r
hungary. our resent researches however have achieved some very encouraging results. there are |
| 15003 | 2 | nction of nuptial coloration in lizards has been studied mainly in males, while very few studie
mainly in males, while very few studies have focused on females. in this project, the function |
| 10247 | 1 | tions between them in a warming climate has not been properly addressed. this fellowship will h
|
| 14215 | 1 | they are both to persist. some support has been found for limiting similarity in plant communi
|
| 10672 | 1 | the continuous plankton recorder survey has collected plankton data from the world s seas since
|
| 6973 | 3 | he genetic background of neurocognition has traditionally followed different methodological pat
dation, twin studies, and animal models have expanded our knowledge about the genetic effects i ognition. however this body of research has not been successful in the fine-mapping of complex, |
| 11400 | 1 | is exposing animals to infections they have not seen before. the current infection of amphibia
|
| 2487 | 1 | nditions. although short term evolution has been observed to occur, the genetic mechanisms cons
|
| 10607 | 1 | plants are polyploid and many of these have arisen through interspecific hybridisation of dive
|
| 11575 | 6 | er individuals are eating it. organisms have therefore evolved ways to maximise their survival
for one soil-dwelling nematode worm we have investigated how it arrests its development as an laboratory strains of this species, we have found that worms differ in how they alter their la t parts of the world occur because they have evolved in different environments and that these d ironment are controlled by genes and we have discovered the 10 regions of the genome that contr ol this. in summary, this previous work has shown how larval arrest and adult reproduction can |
| 10926 | 1 | molecular markers . these two organisms have adopted contrasting life cycle strategies and migh
|
| 11373 | 1 | f reproductive modes and mating systems has attracted great interest. this is because changes i
|
| 11224 | 4 | , and to try to deduce what effect they had on the native animals and plants. one such place, w
imal species died out, but some seem to have flourished. at the same time, we see a complex ser s between populations suggest that they split from each other a long time ago, and are on the w in the biology of the animal, and which have been selected for in order to deal with the animal |
| 10449 | 2 | ata to determine how deep-sea diversity has changed over the past 165 ma. deep-sea diversity is
nts will be ranked from the effect they had on taxonomic and ecological diversity of deep-sea e |
| 195 | 2 | nd in making reproductive decisions. we have recently demonstrated the existence of maladaptive
read in the northern temperate zone. we hypothesized that inadequate reproductive decisions in |
| 14593 | 1 | the dipnoi have developed lungs for air breathing, and enter into
|
| 14216 | 2 | for many decades ecologists have studied mechanisms influencing species coexistence
species coexistence, and many theories has been proposed. niche theory, that suggests diversit |
| 14759 | 1 | vanced stage, since parts of these data have been used in former investigations. we will use an
|
| 10205 | 1 | . since methane is a greenhouse gas, it has been proposed that rice cultivation from 3000 bc be
|
| 10440 | 3 | the french alps. although the two forms have been connected by interbreeding populations for ov
ween rdna and other parts of the genome has escaped explanation for over 20 years. only in the n and recombination in the podisma zone has been widely influential in the development of funda |
| 13521 | 1 | ate a range of plant groups in which we have found allopolyploidisations . reticulate speciatio
|
| 12407 | 1 | e susceptible to noise impacts. it will feed into the model being created under me5205. it may
|
| 10698 | 1 | organisms in the bottles. we will also set up a monitoring programme on cape verde, an island
|
| 11316 | 3 | increases due to global climate change have already caused mass mortality of corals throughout
owever, at the same time coral diseases have become increasingly common, as they have in many o groups of organisms. several scientists have proposed that these increases in disease are linke |
| 11689 | 1 | ports are changes in the phenology will have shown decreases in the range of habitats used. we
|
| 11845 | 1 | ports are changes in the phenology will have shown decreases in the range of habitats used. we
|
| 12568 | 2 | t sensitive stages in their lives. ices has assessed the european stock to be outside safe biol
side safe biological limits, and the eu has therefore implemented the eel recovery regulation w |
| 11293 | 1 | orology for the period 1948-2000, which has just become available. for the first time, we shall
|
| 11195 | 1 | rstanding of host-parasite associations have largely concerned interactions in constant environ
|
| 2007 | 1 | on of the macrobenthos in the north sea has been studied for over a 100 years. these biological
|
| 10680 | 3 | sociated insect herbivores. this system has been extensively studied by prof s. louda over the
ct on growth, survival and reproduction has been quantified using a variety of long-term observ n the evolution of flowering strategies has indicated several points in the life cycle where he |
| 13985 | 2 | majority of plant biogeography studies have hitherto focussed on seed plants. by comparison, f
ssed on seed plants. by comparison, few have targeted the sister group to seed plants, the fern |
| 12249 | 1 | the uk government has taken steps to increase the production and use of b
|
| 11222 | 1 | patterns. in particular, the study site has been exceptionally buffered from radical habitat sh
|
| 13489 | 2 | abiotic environment. previous research has shown that both top-down processes are important de
nities in different bioclimatic regions have been affected by large-scale climate variation, us |
| 10050 | 2 | africa. people living on the floodplain have experienced a significant change to the ecosystem
ommercially grown sugar cane and cotton has come at the expense of various provisioning, regula |
| 11772 | 2 | c breakthroughs over the past few years have indicated that there may be an additional, previou
studies with single-cell microorganisms have shown that individual cells within a population ha |
| 11187 | 1 | ty in their activities . recent reports have begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms underpin
|
| 13975 | 2 | ersity effects on ecosystem functioning has come from terrestrial ecosystems and has focused on
as come from terrestrial ecosystems and has focused on single trophic level primary producers. |
| 1954 | 1 | netic variation in nectar production we found for e. vulgare. despite its importance, we know a
|
| 189 | 1 | alis in 1966 the state of the community has been monitored regularly. these regular investigati
|
| 13881 | 1 | ations may persist. many recent studies have highlighted the importance of genetics. most threa
|
| 6949 | 1 | s during the early triassic, whereas it accelerated in the middle triassic, when most animal gr
|
| 14193 | 2 | orest expansion to the boreal peatlands has been gaining more attention in the recent decades.
peatlands within an agricultural plain has caused hydrological shifts resulted in the disturba |
| 15094 | 1 | ect continues previous studies where we have found important structural changes in aestivating
|
| 7172 | 3 | the 1960s, populations of x. derbentina have expanded considerably since the 1970s. on the map
t, sometimes the object or vehicle that has broken down and the transport of perhaps tens or hu with existing malacological communities has been studied in two sites characterizing different |
| 10076 | 5 | as bad for organisms on land, but they have not been worked out yet. the event seems to have b
been worked out yet. the event seems to have been just as serious at the local scale: close stu ds, or even millions, of years opinions have changed: ten years ago, it was supposed to have la nged: ten years ago, it was supposed to have lasted for 10 million years through the early and tems on land in the russian successions had not achieved their pre-extinction diversities by th |
| 6997 | 1 | wledge of lichens of the tibetan region has been rather poor. many areas in order to provide a
|
| 6963 | 5 | ngaricum and its monitoring, assessment has been carried out for decades in our institute of ce
rootstock breeding program today, which has been carried out for 60 years, has resulted 21 sele hich has been carried out for 60 years, has resulted 21 selected clones of 10 fruit species, mo rform the maintainer breeding tasks. we have set a new breeding target for almond rootstocks to brid garden, and additional information has collected necessary for selection. c the maintenanc |
| 11142 | 2 | most investigations of these exchanges have focused on how aquatic systems are influenced by i
trial environment, but more recent work has identified the potential importance of flows of mat |
| 11289 | 2 | roductive success. so far, most studies have focussed on the costs and benefits to the parents
and especially the longer term effects, have received little attention. in this project using z |
| 10348 | 2 | ome species may invade areas where they did not live before, which may be a problem if they are
some features of their thermal biology have already been worked out. moreover, aphids are impo |
| 11279 | 1 | herefore genetic reagents available. we have applied established experimental evolution protoco
|
| 10888 | 1 | small scale the commercial cutting that has started again in kenya, affects carbon stored below
|
| 14209 | 1 | it has been increasingly acknowledged that in many lakes t
|
| 6999 | 1 | tion and its consequences, it certainly contributed to a better understanding of the functionin
|
| 11515 | 3 | of arsenic per litre of water, and this has led to what has been described as the worst mass po
itre of water, and this has led to what has been described as the worst mass poisoning in human d to minerals in the sediments, and all have been debated vigorously. these include changes in |
| 9862 | 3 | of arsenic per litre of water, and this has led to what has been described as the worst mass po
itre of water, and this has led to what has been described as the worst mass poisoning in human d to minerals in the sediments, and all have been debated vigorously. these include changes in |
| 9826 | 1 | rocesses. yet, recent molecular studies have shown that traditionally defined species of plankt
|
| 2042 | 2 | classically it has been assumed, that the dispersal ability and popula
r, the results from many recent studies have challenged this assumption revealing that the popu |
| 2475 | 1 | icate that highly exploited fish stocks have undergone evolutionary change due to the selective
|
| 13863 | 3 | mosquitoes have recently attracted general public attention in sca
als. outside of scandinavia, mosquitoes have also attracted attention, but for other reasons, n borne protozoans and viruses. olfaction has been established to be the dominant sensory input f |
| 10055 | 2 | in plant defense traits are common and have been documented in over 60 plant species. yet, a g
0 plant species. yet, a general pattern has failed to emerge. variation among species is likely |
| 10835 | 2 | eries of major evolutionary innovations had given rise to many of the major vertebrate groups.
mely shallow marine facies. recent work has greatly expanded the available dataset for laurenti |
| 14673 | 1 | studies during the last years have shown that mining is a || chr ||assessment and the
|
| 12482 | 1 | ces. this makes it essential that tools developed by this project are robust and easy to use by
|
| 10317 | 2 | arly sensitive to any acidification. we have selected representative groups of marine plankton
ontributors to the global carbon cycle, have already altered their calcification due to ocean a |
| 10069 | 1 | g the offspring. most existing research has focused on the resolution of a single social dimens
|
| 10350 | 1 | g the offspring. most existing research has focused on the resolution of a single social dimens
|
| 10446 | 1 | and molecular biology in a genus which has become established as a model for investigating eco
|
| 13782 | 1 | tin has until recently been unknown. we have raised salmon leptin antibodies, and thereby estab
|
| 2174 | 2 | arts of the atlantic and pacific oceans have recently declined precipitously. the collapses of
sly. the collapses of these populations have been attributed to climate-change-induced regime s |
| 2033 | 1 | role of diversity in marine ecosystems have been much discussed recently. however, biodiversit
|
| 13463 | 1 | ould be implemented. ectomycorrhizal we have initiated two large-scale field experiments in con
|
| 11039 | 1 | g of fossil fuels releasing carbon that has been stored for centuries back into the atmosphere.
|
| 10035 | 1 | g of fossil fuels releasing carbon that has been stored for centuries back into the atmosphere.
|
| 7171 | 4 | eproductive performance of both species have been confirmed and the possibility of production o
of ludwigia on different types of media have highlighted the adverse influences of various abio colonization deemed too important. they showed the persistence of two parallel approaches, one on the practical management of a plant have raised many questions about the expectations of di |
| 10794 | 1 | e of their anatomy, but in fossils this has been modified by decomposition, flattening, and tra
|
| 10484 | 1 | earch by part of the research team here has highlighted the significant additional contribution
|
| 15283 | 9 | onesia-nw africa, e. africa and w. asia have been recognized for nearly a century, in what has
ecognized for nearly a century, in what has been called the rand flora pattern. many plant grou e rand flora pattern. many plant groups have been proposed to have this disjunct distribution o the increasing use of molecular markers have proved that these relationships are sometimes the gence. several alternative explanations have been proposed for the origin of this enigmatic dis y of molecular phylogenetic data, there has been no attempt so far to study this pattern statis ceae: cynoglossum. some of these groups have been studied in the past by our research team and gical/ecophysiological adaptations that could have influenced the capacity of of the studied gr to infer the biogeographic factors that have shaped it through time: fragmentation of a macroco |
| 15284 | 8 | onesia-nw africa, e. africa and w. asia have been recognized for nearly a century, in what has
ecognized for nearly a century, in what has been called the rand flora pattern. many plant grou e rand flora pattern. many plant groups have been proposed to have this disjunct distribution o the increasing use of molecular markers have proved that these relationships are sometimes the gence. several alternative explanations have been proposed for the origin of this enigmatic dis y of molecular phylogenetic data, there has been no attempt so far to study this pattern statis gical/ecophysiological adaptations that could have influenced the capacity of of the studied gr to infer the biogeographic factors that have shaped it through time: fragmentation of a macroco |
| 10397 | 1 | ast evolution, yet , and must therefore have evolved relatively rapidly, like male genitals gen
|
| 9959 | 4 | onomies and societies. human activities have been shown to play a significant factor in the pro
g factors. yet a large body of research has shown that much deforestation in the brazilian amaz ntial threat from climate change, there has been a push by many governments and civil society a in forest areas. however, many concerns have been raised about how such incentives might be imp |
| 13456 | 1 | 00s. reintroduced in the 1920s, beavers have recolonized most of sweden, with profound effects
|
| 11458 | 1 | sessile marine animal species commonly have limited scope for regular dispersal in their life
|
| 2015 | 1 | many floodplain plant species have declined in abundance over the past century due to
|
| 10884 | 1 | ber 2004 a total of 13 out of 15 months have recorded below 1961-1990 average rainfall. this dr
|
| 15020 | 2 | lecular and genomic approaches not only have pointed out the vast diversity within microbial co
within microbial communities, but also have revealed the predominance of high level of sequenc |
| 10771 | 2 | est - to determine whether species that have increased or decreased in abundance in response to
ndance in response to the manipulations have also adapted to them. i will also use a novel modi |
| 14933 | 1 | , in a global scale. nevertheless, they have been hardly used in mediterranean ecosystems. in g
|
| 10046 | 2 | th samples where bn are not present, bn have been poisoned and samples where the asml including
and samples where the asml including bn has been removed with the aid of an ultra-thin nitrocel |
| 13781 | 2 | previous research on polymorphism has primarily aimed at identifying conditions that may
ences of colour pattern polymorphism. i have chosen a powerful combination of techniques that w |
| 10143 | 1 | rvive environmental change. recently it has been suggested that specialisation may evolve to av
|
| 10410 | 1 | rvive environmental change. recently it has been suggested that specialisation may evolve to av
|
| 11178 | 1 | ble to disperse through landscapes that have been greatly altered by human activities, and wher
|
| 11398 | 1 | ble to disperse through landscapes that have been greatly altered by human activities, and wher
|
| 14112 | 2 | he influence of bacteria on their hosts has long been hindered because of the complex methodolo
such study. recently, new opportunities have emerged thanks to the rapid development of molecul |
| 14686 | 1 | sm for choosing mates that, supposedly, has evolved to meet a better genotype for the progeny.
|
| 14616 | 3 | onmental conditions. to survive, plants have developed a complex signaling network that senses
ging environment. considerable evidence has been accrued to demonstrate that when cells are sti ri modules, and three of these cascades have been well described in mammalian cells, but still |
| 14176 | 1 | though numerous studies have attempted to identify factors underlying the succe
|
| 13923 | 1 | mplex system: plant root- rhizobacteria has been effectively used in modern cropping systems. w
|
| 9883 | 4 | to environmental change. previous work has focussed on two contrasting levels of spatial organ
and processes. on the one hand, studies have addressed how density affects the mating system an c structure. on the other hand, studies have addressed the importance of gene flow amongst popu y to showcase a novel technique that we have developed to genotype polyploid plants in a way th |
| 11277 | 3 | e amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been slowly locked up in peat soils in the cool, w
y water to homes in the uk. although it has been known that peat soils contain large numbers of north pennines, uk in a catchment that has been designated a carbon study catchment by the cen |
| 11301 | 3 | e amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been slowly locked up in peat soils in the cool, w
y water to homes in the uk. although it has been known that peat soils contain large numbers of north pennines, uk in a catchment that has been designated a carbon study catchment by the cen |
| 11837 | 3 | e amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been slowly locked up in peat soils in the cool, w
y water to homes in the uk. although it has been known that peat soils contain large numbers of north pennines, uk in a catchment that has been designated a carbon study catchment by the cen |
| 15477 | 1 | tutes an area of emerging research that has experienced significant progress in the last decade
|
| 15111 | 2 | ll at the ebro delta. this exploitation has been suggested by recent data on the presence of am
ruptors. on the other hand, carotenoids have been recognized as powerful antioxidants and enhan |
| 166 | 1 | necessity for interdisciplinary studies has resulted in our poor knowledge about the ecological
|
| 10951 | 1 | f trace gases remains rather sparse. we have obtained preliminary data that reveal potentially
|
| 11260 | 1 | f trace gases remains rather sparse. we have obtained preliminary data that reveal potentially
|
| 14762 | 2 | f the necessary stages towards this aim have been completed for spanish river systems. however,
river systems. however, no methodology has yet been proposed for implementing the wfd in lakes |
| 11033 | 2 | llow us to see if phages in this system have contributed to the evolution and potentially to th
mbiotic cyanobacterium and the first to have been isolated from an invertebrate. an analysis of |
| 11028 | 2 | eria play in the life cycle of ulva. we have shown that zoospores tap into bacterial communicat
pment of ulva. plantlets where bacteria have been removed do not exhibit normal morphology, and |
| 15208 | 2 | spite that the evolution of signalling has attracted a great deal of interest in recent years,
maintained. although several mechanisms have been suggested, the topic is highly controversial. |
| 407 | 3 | en species within the genus brachyspira have been described. this genus belongs to the bacteria
nd porcine intestinal spirochetosis. it has also been shown that some brachyspira spp. cause en or pathogenicity and as a reservoir. we have found new biochemical variants of brachyspira sp. |
| 10631 | 1 | ne food web. three main size categories have been adopted for the phytoplankton: picoplankton m
|
| 10538 | 1 | the early cretaceous of liaoning, china has stunned the world in recent years, mostly for the r
|
| 11530 | 1 | tonishing and still controversial. this has fuelled wide interest and a string of papers in nat
|
| 11637 | 1 | the metapopulation concept has been extremely influential in ecology and conservat
|
| 14932 | 2 | could result in a loss of species which have been hardly studied ecologically. the large branch
ing ecological stoichiometry. this tool has been successfully applied to the study of other ter |
| 11157 | 2 | fossil spores and count them in closely spaced samples through the rock unit. this will show wh
ecord to the extinctions in the sea. we have already studied rocks in east greenland which duri |
| 10874 | 3 | pecies now extinct, 7 threatened and 15 having undergone major range contractions in recent yea
, such pathogen spillover is thought to have been responsible for bumblebee declines in north a colony collapse disorder syndrome which has caused substantial honeybee mortality. the threat o |
| 12636 | 1 | soils in providing wellbeing to society has been clearly articulated in the recent soil strateg
|
| 12730 | 2 | rojects to address knowledge gaps which have been identified as a barrier to the delivery of co
al addresses additional priorities that have been identified by other taxonomic experts in any |
| 11201 | 1 | arely seen, hence, population estimates have relied on indirect methods. in this study we will
|
| 471 | 1 | al populations, but their functionality has rarely been tested. it is determined by its net eff
|
| 13707 | 4 | orthern värmland. ever since the number has been slowly but steadily growing, dispite illegal s
animals. from the beginning scientists have been tracking the wolves. at first skiing, but sin elp of radio collars. these instruments have become increasingly sofisticated. today the collar n from faeces for example. the analyses have produced a unique knowledge about who is related t |
| 11097 | 3 | there has been a resurgence of interest in the way species ar
, although promising theoretical models have been built, these involve idiosyncratic assumption work with mark kirkpatrick, with whom i developed the theoretical foundations for this applicat |
| 10320 | 1 | ity of altered forest ecosystems . safe has negotiated that, when a large region of rainforest
|
| 11315 | 1 | gap studies in antarctic marine species have been carried out at markedly varying rates of temp
|
| 15589 | 2 | ponds and shallow lakes have played a key role in the development of theory on
f theory on regime shifts in ecosystems have expressed strong interest in our planned research. |
| 13888 | 1 | pelagic food web ecology has long been the major paradigm in the study of whole
|
| 6755 | 1 | aspects of the dynamics in models that have been studied with nonspatial representations, in w
|
| 10786 | 1 | earliest form of life on the planet and have been around for 3.7 billion years; indeed for the
|
| 11848 | 1 | earliest form of life on the planet and have been around for 3.7 billion years; indeed for the
|
| 12432 | 1 | the only country around the world that has introduced a long-term legally binding framework to
|
| 10903 | 2 | rrent approaches to integrate such data have largely failed for a variety of reasons. in pacaya
r data integration and user interaction have been developed. they are known under the common um |
| 11801 | 2 | rrent approaches to integrate such data have largely failed for a variety of reasons. in pacaya
r data integration and user interaction have been developed. they are known under the common um |
| 10757 | 1 | for several decades, ecologists have documented the distribution and abundance of organ
|
| 11265 | 1 | for several decades, ecologists have documented the distribution and abundance of organ
|
| 13534 | 3 | onsiderable areas of broadleaved stands have been established during the past two decades in eu
ence plant colonization recent research has pointed at the discrepancy between low realized mig migration front of many species already had passed the entire stand at the time of the study. t |
| 12266 | 1 | ca genome is, however, far more complex having undergone a triplication of the genome. this mea
|
| 11298 | 2 | arming. the arctic regions of the world have been shown to be warming at a rate faster than any
confounding inter-annual variation that has been encountered in some previous studies; and the |
| 13977 | 1 | n the population structure of ecm fungi have been overlooked and this will be examined by deter
|
| 12769 | 3 | ts between human and wildlife interests has often involved lethal control to reduce problem wil
fe populations. however, lethal control has always had its limitations, the acceptable methods lations at acceptable levels after they have been reduced by culling. 2. culling can result in |
| 2509 | 1 | tial for blooms and monitoring programs have been set up in several countries. at present most
|
| 14471 | 2 | odiversity. its demonstration, however, has been proved difficult because a scarceness of testa
l evidences, we should expect that mice have developed some physiological/behavioral mechanisms |
| 15307 | 1 | cterium anabaena sp. pcc7120. our group has already developed and validated with traditional to
|
| 10574 | 1 | phere-atmosphere experiment in amazonia have indicated that the air chemistry in remote regions
|
| 11876 | 1 | phere-atmosphere experiment in amazonia have indicated that the air chemistry in remote regions
|
| 11437 | 1 | erence or suitability, and whether they may have affected host ranges and host utilisation stra
|
| 10991 | 2 | of organic matter . the two sites also have strongly contrasting benthic communities and physi
und-truthing. the loch etive experiment has already been carried out, and the samples are in ha |
| 9870 | 2 | of organic matter . the two sites also have strongly contrasting benthic communities and physi
und-truthing. the loch etive experiment has already been carried out, and the samples are in ha |
| 11112 | 2 | the global distribution of black shales has become a topic of intense palaeoceanographic resear
the oceans and atmosphere. a new proxy has been developed using the geochemical analysis of sp |
| 11852 | 1 | challenges. historically these problems have been tackled in isolation, yet it is becoming incr
|
| 12031 | 2 | developmental traits. main results : we developed statistics allowing to set apart processes re
he direction of introgressions. we also tested the power of discrimination among different spec |
| 15168 | 1 | pose that the environment and land uses have acted differentially in the colonisation process,
|
| 15471 | 1 | an oscillator, bearing in mind that ck2 have shown rhythmic activity in c.sativus.
|
| 10043 | 1 | a islands of successful land management has shown there are untapped opportunities to upgrade t
|
| 15226 | 1 | poorly known in the field. we also lack detailed information on the impact of pathogens on bird
|
| 13872 | 1 | , demonstrate that area of transmission has changed repeatedly in the course of evolution. henc
|
| 13591 | 1 | ility is that many conservation actions have failed because of erroneous conservation strategie
|
| 209 | 1 | lands. the prolonged inundation periods have formed specific plant community structure on meado
|
| 12450 | 1 | sess how the status of inshore habitats has been affected by anthropogenic changes, including c
|
| 15523 | 2 | equences that this type of bio-invasion has had on other islands devoid of large herbivores. th
erbivorous of the balearic islands that have occurred over time, the extinct myotragus balearic |
| 14517 | 2 | uctivity of the stream. several studies have shown a dominance of the heterotrophic pathway of
in leaf litter addition to the stream, have demonstrated a clear trophic limitation of benthic |
| 10157 | 1 | ffects on the global climate. we have a limited understanding of their contemporary and future
|
| 10174 | 1 | ffects on the global climate. we have a limited understanding of their contemporary and future
|
| 10426 | 1 | ffects on the global climate. we have a limited understanding of their contemporary and future
|
| 11426 | 1 | ffects on the global climate. we have a limited understanding of their contemporary and future
|
| 11711 | 1 | ffects on the global climate. we have a limited understanding of their contemporary and future
|
| 11712 | 1 | ffects on the global climate. we have a limited understanding of their contemporary and future
|
| 2489 | 1 | al causes behind ecosystem changes that would have been better understood by an integrated anal
|
| 13815 | 1 | ersity conservation policies a tool-box has been developed in fennoscandia that includes subsid
|
| 12257 | 1 | ystems and farmland biodiversity. defra has funded adas at drayton in warwickshire as one of 12
|
| 12384 | 2 | sh, ocean function and human activities have been established, however a gap exists for the dev
oduction of the final report the ukmmas has refined its terms of reference. for an update of cu |
| 12052 | 1 | and physiology, microbiology, mycology has been developed to evaluate the importance of soil c
|
| 12275 | 1 | changes in performance. a recent study has shown the very high value of animal and plant genet
|
| 443 | 3 | in this project we have studied the evolution of the distribution of major
pe during the xxist century. finally we showed, using a phenological database that we created f , using a phenological database that we created for this project that a relationship might exis |
| 7159 | 1 | ommunity composition. . several studies have shown that the consequences of global warming are
|
| 12262 | 1 | ons, and diffuse pollution of waterways have strengthened the need for farming systems that are
|
| 10223 | 2 | ices that support ecosystems and people has been weak. yet, assuring the supply of water for th
mands by improving watershed management has become increasingly important, especially in the co |
| 11694 | 2 | ices that support ecosystems and people has been weak. yet, assuring the supply of water for th
mands by improving watershed management has become increasingly important, especially in the co |
| 10400 | 2 | to an infected individual. recently, it has been discovered that many species appear to have ev
discovered that many species appear to have evolved a strategy to cope with this density-relat |
| 10133 | 7 | we have found the media to be extremely keen to report on
a popular conservation icon. hence, we have chosen to present the proposed work in this light, growing alien plant species. scientists have discovered that dense stands of tree mallow, growi , are choking puffin breeding sites and have warned that the plant could soon start affecting o plant native to coasts, is believed to have escaped into the wild in scotland after being plan or several hundreds of years, the plant has suddenly become invasive, taking over island ecosys sive in one place whilst not in another has become essential. once established, the negative ef |
| 14189 | 2 | e evidence of costs of high growth rate has remained fragmentary. we are currently unable to ev
ss being studied. a source of confusion has also been in the vagueness of the definition of ind |
| 7668 | 5 | rk, following the asian tsunami of 2004 has shown that wherever ecosystems are undermined, the
f mangrove for intensive shrimp farming has had ecological as well as livelihood impacts. while livelihood impacts. while lucrative, it has led to the loss of biodiversity, in turn restrictin sustainable management of the mangroves has resulted in a resilient socio-ecosystem. across the strait, the mangroves in north sumatra have been transformed for aquaculture, reclaimed for ag |
| 10624 | 1 | fungi to influence forest carbon cycles has become clear. they play a fundamental role in the b
|
| 11281 | 1 | marl lakes have been designated a priority habitat within the eu h
|
| 11485 | 3 | ile the multivariate breeder s equation has proven success in predicting phenotypic evolution a
e between populations, to examine how g has evolved and whether it has directed the known pheno xamine how g has evolved and whether it has directed the known phenotypic divergence in male ca |
| 11586 | 5 | ent on their own. instead, these plants have forged a symbiotic alliance , but in the majority
ses the plant supplies carbon, which it has fixed through photosynthesis, to the fungus in retu rasitised in this way my recent studies have shed light on the interactions between orchid and specific isotopes of these elements, i have been able to unravel some of the mysteries surroun ng able to acquire carbon from a fungus has enabled some adult orchids to live in low light con |
| 15330 | 2 | hree different physiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain drought-induced mortality
in strategies to cope with drought that have been identified in plants, an improved understandi |
| 12726 | 2 | rojects to address knowledge gaps which have been identified as a barrier to the delivery of co
al addresses additional priorities that have been identified by other taxonomic experts in any |
| 12731 | 2 | rojects to address knowledge gaps which have been identified as a barrier to the delivery of co
al addresses additional priorities that have been identified by other taxonomic experts in any |
| 1964 | 2 | less than 1% of all bacteria in nature have been isolated in pure cultures. however, the value
ll enigmatic. so far only a few studies have addressed one of the most burning questions in mic |
| 10313 | 2 | dulthood, sometimes 50 years after they experienced adverse conditions in utero. even more stri
poorly understood. however, researchers have shown that it is not the genes themselves but rath |
| 10579 | 1 | major worldwide attention has focussed on the possibility that disruption of repr
|
| 11555 | 3 | ctly anaerobic process. this phenomenon has been termed the oceanic methane paradox . if, howev
ts this hypothesis. we have now clearly identified the presence of methanogens oceanic methane material. so far however, these studies have been conducted in isolation and the process remain |
| 15231 | 1 | f the hsp70 heat shock protein, that we have recently observed, is due to decreased levels of t
|
| 6855 | 1 | tudies on jurassic sequences of hungary had been started more than hundred years ago, and the w
|
| 15526 | 1 | different pressures on freshwater fish has used correlative approaches. with this proposal, we
|
| 11725 | 1 | ow a typical urban bird, the blackbird, has become such a familiar species in towns and cities
|
| 15581 | 3 | communication and training urban europe has entered a critical development stage where the abil
ographic and economic structural change have revealed the narrow limits of the established deve refore, the proposed project activities have not been conceived to only fill scientific knowled |
| 10542 | 2 | n interest of these sites. such budgets have recently been calculated for a number of meadows a
ate, sediment trapping on these meadows has been confined to the winter and spring periods, whe |
| 11770 | 2 | erves. once the scallops in the reserve has grown large and become abundant, they will produce
. our ability to test these predictions has been elusive due to a lack of suitably replicated m |
| 9958 | 2 | turbing the global nitrogen cycle; this has resulted in a diverse range of effects, from altere
itrogen additions over the past 7 years have resulted in changes in the activity and compositio |
| 9941 | 3 | f bacteria kilometres deep in the earth have been discovered. these bacteria may represent over
ight kill the vast majority of them. we have developed a system which enables bacteria to be co n environment where life on earth might have started. so understanding these bacteria will not |
| 15133 | 3 | the so called white rot-fungi of wood, have developed an enzymatic system which is capable of
similar chemical structure to the ones produced during the degradation of lignin. among such c ve species, contrast them with the ones described before and evaluate their biotechnological an |
| 7405 | 1 | and primary compartment of durum wheat has been sent to the elite compartment through two mass
|
| 7252 | 1 | tific objectives and problematic europe has set demanding targets for reduction of greenhouse g
|
| 15250 | 4 | me, the carcasses of domestic ungulates have been considered the main food resource for vertebr
ades, the populations of wild ungulates have increased both in numbers and distribution range. bers and distribution range. this trend has been assessed by means of hunting bags, distributio his means that wild herbivore carcasses have increased its availability and might be an importa |
| 13827 | 1 | unbalanced diets. b how do they balance unbalanced diets of the fish. the experiments are done
|
| 11854 | 3 | assumptions of theoretical models that have given us our current view of life history evolutio
on. i use datasets in which individuals have been followed over their lifetime to build mathema to pick apart the selective forces that have shaped observed reproductive strategies. this is a |
| 15101 | 2 | ibutions. however, although such models have been used widely in ecology and conservation, few
in ecology and conservation, few models have directly included the effects of key biotic intera |
| 13812 | 1 | t intensity. despite that past land use has been identified as being important for biodiverttis
|
| 11078 | 1 | of many species. most research to date has focused on the impacts at the simpler levels of bio
|
| 10098 | 1 | hwater microbial biodiversity programme has supported more than 30 research projects to investi
|
| 10513 | 1 | hwater microbial biodiversity programme has supported more than 30 research projects to investi
|
| 11008 | 1 | hwater microbial biodiversity programme has supported more than 30 research projects to investi
|
| 11519 | 1 | hwater microbial biodiversity programme has supported more than 30 research projects to investi
|
| 11522 | 1 | hwater microbial biodiversity programme has supported more than 30 research projects to investi
|
| 9987 | 1 | hwater microbial biodiversity programme has supported more than 30 research projects to investi
|
| 11730 | 1 | ses take place. censuses and experiment have shown that two competing ant genera, both speciali
|
| 12409 | 1 | summary objectives: the fulmar study has been developed over a number of years in the nether
|
| 11063 | 2 | ervation. the success of this programme has encouraged both parties to explore the broadening o
on-makers. the environment agency wales has identified subject areas for review from its climat |
| 10765 | 1 | small, eel-like primitive fishes. they have been extinct since the end of the triassic, but th
|
| 12197 | 1 | f a suitable range of invertebrate prey has been shown to limit the breeding success of a range
|
| 7257 | 1 | recent studies of a peruvian plant have led to the isolation of low toxicity triterpenes a
|
| 10900 | 2 | ientists, which global canopy programme has helped to catalyse over the last three years, that
order to design an effective project we have consulted widely, assembling an international team |
| 2498 | 1 | evious work on g. salaris pathogenicity has focussed on the importance of host genotype, in par
|
| 2166 | 1 | sed growth performance in farmed salmon has led to changes also in other morphological and beha
|
| 2158 | 1 | c and biotic factors. the benthic fauna has been followed by larvae sampling each year since 19
|
| 7594 | 2 | d into 27 species, which are themselves distributed in 17 groups hybridization sometimes withou
out objective correspondence. our group has identified and show that the gene for thiopurine me |
| 10584 | 3 | pathogens have evolved a number of mechanisms to ensure persisten
the importance of vertical transmission has been constrained by the paucity of suitable methods hly sensitive polymerase chain reaction has opened up new possibilities for the study of pathog |
| 12293 | 2 | oilseed rape in the uk v. longisporum has only been reported from osr to date. however, there
it will also tell us whether infection has been introduced from europe or whether these partic |
| 14681 | 1 | ll edite the genera of volume xv, which have been concluded by the previous project, and now it
|
| 14733 | 3 | he general flora iberica project, which has been under the overall direction of professor santi
ejo bolibar since 1980, and in which we have collaborated since 1985. during this time the grou is time the group at seville university has participated in the production and edition of aroun |
| 15154 | 3 | he general flora iberica project, which has been under the overall direction of professor santi
ejo bolibar since 1980, and in which we have collaborated since 1985. during this time the grou is time the group at seville university has participated in the production and edition of aroun |
| 1983 | 2 | fic research on phytoplankton diversity has gained much interest the last years, for one due to
he picophytoplankter micromonas pusilla has been shown to be a significant component of the pic |
| 11372 | 1 | my previous work has described a system of vocal dialects in sperm whale
|
| 12583 | 2 | existing stakeholders and projects that have collected data from these stakeholders have been d
collected data from these stakeholders have been developed by the project investigators and th |
| 10479 | 2 | idence suggests that landraces of crops may have been in place for several millennia and likely
rce. unfortunately, many such landraces have now been lost by replacement with modern varieties |
| 2510 | 1 | alpain module and a gene where it first appeared. to achieve the primary goal, we will sequence
|
| 10145 | 1 | of their respective contexts, and both have been subject to intensive study and development ov
|
| 10979 | 1 | of their respective contexts, and both have been subject to intensive study and development ov
|
| 13854 | 2 | urbanisation on species and communities have been studied in the project fauna in urbanising ar
tory variables for species richness, we used habitat variables from field surveys, gis-derived |
| 12155 | 2 | . farmland birds is well documented and has led to a public service agreement than control plot
riteria now that those created habitats have matured, *** provides new data for paired ponds, a |
| 7424 | 1 | ral landscapes. are they effective they cost too much the aim of our study is to look into the
|
| 13851 | 4 | we have monitored the population densities of the autumnal
f the polycormous mountain birch forest has been described after a severe outbreak that killed rate of parasitism of larvae and pupae has also been estimated. last year outbreak densities o m was very low last year and the winter has been mild, all indicateing that we will have high d |
| 11732 | 1 | several studies have recently established that the fluxes of carbon and
|
| 10935 | 1 | tween pelagic and benthic food webs. it has generally been assumed that chironomid larvae feed
|
| 13937 | 2 | tion. despite this, zooplankton studies have been largely neglected in swedish research and mon
stations; the analysis of these samples has however been discontinued in 1990s and no consisten |
| 413 | 1 | for the hypothesis that these cleavages have gained increased political significance in sweden
|
| 10658 | 8 | s are increasing because human activity has enhanced rates of dispersal and climate change is o
a marked deterioration in water quality has been observed in the last 10 to 15 years despite co works. for example, summer algal blooms have increased and concentrations of oxygen at depth ha d and concentrations of oxygen at depth have decreased. the numbers of the rare and protected f e and protected fish, the arctic charr, have also declined dramatically in recent years. these atically in recent years. these changes have coincided with the population expansion of a lower ermere and that the population increase has triggered a trophic cascade leading to greater pred ation on the zooplankton, which in turn has reduced the algae from control by their grazer. we |
| 9901 | 8 | s are increasing because human activity has enhanced rates of dispersal and climate change is o
a marked deterioration in water quality has been observed in the last 10 to 15 years despite co works. for example, summer algal blooms have increased and concentrations of oxygen at depth ha d and concentrations of oxygen at depth have decreased. the numbers of the rare and protected f e and protected fish, the arctic charr, have also declined dramatically in recent years. these atically in recent years. these changes have coincided with the population expansion of a lower ermere and that the population increase has triggered a trophic cascade leading to greater pred ation on the zooplankton, which in turn has reduced the algae from control by their grazer. we |
| 10122 | 1 | remains unclear. various physical roles have been proposed, including protection from grazers,
|
| 10355 | 2 | otential as sinks of carbon dioxide. we have recently discovered that mature tropical forests i
surprisingly, not by climate. this work has opened up several questions: do the western forests |
| 10747 | 2 | otential as sinks of carbon dioxide. we have recently discovered that mature tropical forests i
surprisingly, not by climate. this work has opened up several questions: do the western forests |
| 9976 | 2 | otential as sinks of carbon dioxide. we have recently discovered that mature tropical forests i
surprisingly, not by climate. this work has opened up several questions: do the western forests |
| 15440 | 1 | ing displays. second, we will conduct a detailed study of the function of foot-shaking displays
|
| 11814 | 3 | ng. this evolutionary pressure on males has caused the evolution of male traits that reduce fem
ating with other males. females in turn have often evolved traits that allow them to avoid cont lack of males. work in related species has shown that if females mate with multiple males the |
| 11679 | 3 | pth at which kimberlite magmas form. we have been fortunate to obtain a large suite of diamonds
ur preliminary work on these inclusions has shown that some have unique chemistry indicating a f the silicate and oxide materials they formed within. further, by understanding mineral phase |
| 2060 | 1 | of disturbance and habitat change, man has undermined the resilience and viability of large ca
|
| 6883 | 1 | d practical results. because of this we planed to start a more intensive study, which includes
|
| 13842 | 1 | rs, the study of y chromosome diversity has greatly contributed to the understanding of the str
|
| 14815 | 1 | t for the future. 30 wild plant species have been chosen , total protein, fat, minerals, vitami
|
| 12170 | 1 | statement a range of scientific studies have demonstrated the value of different types of set-a
|
| 2072 | 1 | ent seasons. most of these interactions have only been superficially investigated. several anth
|
| 190 | 2 | t recent aspects in zooplankton studies has been its long-term dynamics and identification of f
n chemical composition of the sea water have been found to be mirrored in the mesozooplankton v |