Id	Number of occurences	Forms
10966	1	sely with the gibraltar caving group we tracked monthly and seasonal variations in chemistry and oxygen isotopes in cave drips and soil water, plus the movement and composition of cave air, temperatures, soil and
14360	2	verage is inadequate - existing methods have not addressed the issue of habitat structure which are most important for assessing habitat quality   which are most important for assessing habitat quality - most existing remote sensing methodologies have not been
12585	1	ets, while in recent years the emphasis has shifted to soil and water conservation, enhancement of carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation and flood protection
13979	2	ions for wildlife population management have neglected the economic costs of management, and have thus risked wasting management resources  or other organisms dependent on similar resources, the swedish epa has produced an action plan
11821	1	ent to their own ends. agriculture also had far reaching effects on human society, the improved methods of food production
12016	2	e in the last years in this context. we have studied the impact of alien invasive species in in  nation of these different approaches we conducted on ecologically contrasted islands led us to a larger and more complete understanding of the complexity of the impacts of invasive species
11235	1	yungas. in turn amazonia and the yungas have provided health and well-being for these indigenous peoples via food, medicines, home, culture, and natural resources
11861	1	lerant crops were carried out after the product had been on the market . this is inefficient an
10650	1	to their potential future response. it has already been shown that changes in the rate of carbon
15038	2	further than the direct impacts by the invasive species, such as changes in species composition, and structure and production of the communities, which until now has only been  cies is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in europe and in the mediterranean sea, it has been little studied
7371	1	very few studies have focused on the analysis of the variability of genes involved in meiotic recombination which is nevertheless at the heart of a number of concerns specific to the analysis and enhancement of genetic resources
10344	1	27k, however additional support of £23k has been given from other sources and the german hosts
14366	1	verriding objective presented above, we have specified several work packages, each with its own scientific goals: wp1 digital elevation models for morphological analyses: the objecvtive of this wp is to generate 3d-models from a variety of rs sources and to evaluate the impact of these various data sources
15575	2	since the 1940ies increased agricultural production has modified agricultural lands  iversity affects biological control. it has been shown that the structure of host-parasitoid food webs can be strongly altered by habitat modification with important implications for biological control
12490	1	high ammonia concentrations near point sources; - decrease of species diversity of semi-natural areas due to nitrogen enrichment through atmospheric nirogen deposition, especially ammonia and ammonium; - acidification of soils through transformation of deposited ammonia to nitrate and its subsequent leaching; - pollution of ground water and drinking water due to nitrate leaching; - eutrophication of surface waters due to nitrogen enrichment; - global warming due to emission of nitrous oxide and methane, and cooling due to ammonium sulphate aerosols; air quality management for ecosystem protection has primarily focussed
7035	1	streams and rivers have long been considered as pipelines in the landscape that transport organic carbon
11636	1	ty of the community. molecular analysis has revealed the existence of considerable microbial diversity in soil and
12291	1	nge. in the last 30 years, agricultural weed control has been dominated by the use of herbicide
12550	1	e known as the shook swarm. shook swarm has been developed as an alternative to the use of antibiotics to achieve improved disease control
11214	1	oductivity measured in the sea. once we have established reliable year-round and basin-scale phytoplankton production
15347	1	the subterranean cultural heritage is widely distributed all around the world and from the rising of the mankind artistic representations have been preserved
14846	1	iquitous pelagic crenarchaeota play and have played an essential role in biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems that may act as chemoautotrophs, oxidizing ammonia to nitrate and fixing inorganic carbon
14845	1	ous pelagic crenarchaeota play and they have played an essential role in biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems that may act as chemoautotrophs, oxidizing ammonia to nitrate and fixing inorganic carbon
9933	1	hreat to european biodiversity. a major source of nutrients to semi-natural ecosystems is atmospheric nitrogen deposition and experiments have suggested
7211	1	ommercial species are they sufficiently preserved atolls intra-larval flow between atolls and they allow the renewal of these resources
12036	1	o the public. thanks to this method, we have highlighted an original scenario of invasion which applies to three invasive species considered: the invasive bridgehead scenario in which the source
13732	1	recent advances in gene technology have been applied to create fast-growing transgenic fish, which are of great commercial interest to shorten production cycles and increase food production
12059	1	riability of the environment and how it has interacted with the marked increase in human influence on central african forests over the past few thousand years, our project will promote the conservation and the efficient use of natural resources
9865	1	portant in western human diet. our food has been profoundly changed by two revolutions ; the invention of agriculture starting about 10,000 years ago, and of industrial scale food production
1093	1	evolution among lineages. many factors have been pointed as among the most likely sources of a
7025	1	2 /n 2 0 ratio. h2: the mode of organic carbon supply to retention areas controls denitrification potential because carbon availability directly affects microbial nitrogen processing at the sediment surface h3: past water regime patterns control the resistance and the resilience of the nutrient cycling processes to restoration and rehabilitation measures because they have shaped
10045	1	forests. however, recently a new system has emerged: the idea that by creating a market and giving economic value to the environmental benefits or ecosystem services like biodiversity and carbon storage
201	2	during the last decade accumulation of carbon in different ecosystems, including forests, has been  l as in estonia, several investigations have been carried out for adequate estimation of the potential ability of carbon
14118	1	changes in climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and disturbance regimes have been occurring
2124	1	tive plant animal interactions, such as pollination, has received considerable attention with r
14928	2	gical invasions. in the last decades it has been an important advance on the first question; however, many of the biological traits posed as predictors of the invasiveness of a species are costly to assess, and therefore not affordable over large sets of species; moreover, most studies try to explain the high propagation potential of invasive species  plain the high propagation potential of invasive species, while less attention has been paid to
13749	1	r in soils under different scenarios of nitrogen sequestration, and fertilization, including n amendments, has been proposed
12309	1	eather events. recent defra-funded work has emphasised the importance of arable crop disease control
11062	4	ilability and high nutritional value of marine resources means that they should have been a con  cent critiques of these interpretations have noted that they are at odds with the archaeological evidence for the continued exploitation of marine resources  icant recent findings in our laboratory have revealed a new way to detect the processing of marine products  range of scottish and irish sites where marine resource exploitation would have continued along
14313	1	global studies of historical land use have focused on large-scale landscape modifications that can potentially affect global climate via their effects on surface albedo, aerosols, and the carbon cycle
13773	1	ature shows yearly variation, organisms have evolved phenotypic plasticity in their breeding-time to allow them to co-ordinate breeding with seasonal fluctuations in resources
10889	1	tremely important. intertidal barnacles have made a superb model organism for studies of larval transport and supply
2179	1	we hypothesize that the earlier springs have provided a spreading phenological match between the geometrids and their food resource
12588	1	workshops commissioned by uk government have suggested the need to collate uk data on soil carbon
15028	1	l fishing, the impacts of artisanal and recreational fishing -as well as their relationships- on the coastal ecosystem have received
15339	1	ver their pollinators. because the only insect pollinator for which the visual system has been studied
11119	1	. in contrast, cooperative interactions have received little attention, although some studies have shown that plants use chemical signals to promote pollination
15499	1	rates than their wild ancestors we will run three sets of experiments to address each of the th
2478	1	d function of these ecosystems. society has recognized that living marine resources require man
12617	1	tly results from the countryside survey have been reported by ceh, and these fail to detect the changes in soil carbon
7220	1	ided by seabird colonies. most recently ecotourism and biomonitoring have developed and provide
13416	1	the sheep has been conserved in situ conditions with the project entitled community based conservation of domestic animal genetic resources
6959	1	diversity, as well as species diversity has been shown to enhance ecosystem resistance to disturbances, such as climate change, and, in certain biotopes, it has been shown to provide protection against invasive species
10436	2	a patchy world are themselves patchily distributed wherever they compete to exploit limiting resources  n and redistribution of food and refuge resources within the context of generic conceptual models for which new hypotheses have been developed
10404	3	iodiversity has many components, and we have recently shown that community composition , rather than the number of species or functional types of plant, is the key factor in regulating rates of carbon   species or intraspecific diversity. we have shown that the number of individuals in a community has significant impacts on plant productivity  abilities of specific plant species. we have also shown that the number of genotypes per species has a significant effect on the root-fungal diversity, and other studies have also demonstrated that key plant traits related to carbon cycling
7539	2	rvation of latent buds is a method that has already shown interest in the long-term security of genetic resources  n interest in the long-term security of genetic resources in perennial species, for which extremely promising results have already been
15522	1	ake it very suitable for characterizing carbon patterns of vegetation: large climatic and topographic variability and a long history of human management that may have conditioned
7302	1	ecies and risk factors. island avifauna have strongly suffered from the impact of invasive species
12637	1	eed and fibre. in the last 20 yrs defra has commissioned research to provide evidence on which to base its soil protection
7706	1	aining ecological services. for this it has become necessary to reduce the use of nitrogen and
11563	3	and lactation. pregnancy and lactation have been shown to influence hair nitrogen isotope sign  ult human male and female bone collagen nitrogen isotopic values have been reported in archaeol  ed deer, using a population in which we have already shown that hair nitrogen isotopic values a
11779	1	therefore, once taxonomic relationships have been established, we will select subsets of samples purely on the basis of similarity of bacterial composition/diversity, and measure carbon
10770	1	o reconstruct climates more reliably. i have chosen to study the coccolithophores, unicellular photosynthetic marine algae living in the surface of the oceans, because they have an influential role on the exchange of co2 between the atmosphere and the ocean, and are responsible for a large part of the carbon
12543	1	recent years several species of thrips have been dispersed globally as a result of their association with the international trade in growing plants or plant products
10420	1	phere and the organisms being eaten. we have developed a method which is able to dissect this complication, and use it to unravel both the error in the dating, and to estimate the extent to which such aquatic resources
11389	1	phere and the organisms being eaten. we have developed a method which is able to dissect this complication, and use it to unravel both the error in the dating, and to estimate the extent to which such aquatic resources
10144	1	y. by coupling a tungsten halogen light source to the input of the sifts instrument via fibre optics, it has been
12532	1	maging pests on the trade in plants and plant products has been identified as a primary concern
11134	1	in recent years there has been growing concern about the impact of diffuse source pollution on river, estuarine and coastal water quality
12524	2	cide levels are employed. this research has been developed to meet national policies driven by the need for reductions in resource use  nts, and test systems. breeder interest has significantly expanded from breeding varieties for organic production
11459	2	test the hypothesis that the antarctic has acted as a centre for evolutionary innovation and radiation and as a source  onary innovation and radiation and as a source of taxa that have invaded the deep sea. it is li
9807	3	he surface of their petals. these cells have been shown to make the petals more attractive to pollinators  cone shaped cells. previous experiments have indicated that conical cells in the petal epidermis of antirrhinum majus result in increased seed set because more pollinating bees   shapes present in plant families which have shown shifts in pollinators, and investigate wheth
13945	1	species. it is suggested that it is the nitrogen in the dom that is beneficial for the hab-forming phytoplankton, and uptake of smaller molecules such as amino acids containing nitrogen has been shown
11874	1	, we believe that current models of the nitrogen cycle are unsound as they have failed to inclu
10255	1	s for our future climate. the biosphere has been suggested as a significant factor mitigating atmospheric change, through its capacity to respond to this change by sequestering additional carbon
10817	1	changes in the herbivore s food plants. food quality is not thought to respond to herbivory in a way which could lead to cycles, but we have discovered
11049	1	changes in the herbivore s food plants. food quality is not thought to respond to herbivory in a way which could lead to cycles, but we have discovered
11562	1	changes in the herbivore s food plants. food quality is not thought to respond to herbivory in a way which could lead to cycles, but we have discovered
11829	1	changes in the herbivore s food plants. food quality is not thought to respond to herbivory in a way which could lead to cycles, but we have discovered
10439	1	we have shown that the dominant ericoid mycorrhiza of british heathland systems, hymenoscyphus ericae, has considerable intraspecific variation in its preference for nitrogen sources
10944	1	ical diverse communities. many theories have been proposed to explain this species coexistence, perhaps the most well known be the so called niche concept: the idea that each individual species avoids competition with its neighbour by using a different set of resources
2169	1	ing on pollination. for this purpose we have assembled a research team ideally composed to meet the challenges of such a project, including specialists in palaeoecology, community ecology, pollination
13880	1	t on biodiversity of rapidly increasing recreational activities in coastal waters has long concerned
10125	1	e archaeology of europe, in particular, has been the subject of substantial continent-wide research: extensive data on changing patterns of prehistoric human population density, resource use
14319	4	lly have a relatively high productivity compared to large temperate lakes and have active fisheries providing local populations with a relatively cheap source  ake tanganyika. it is likely that these primary production decreases have affected upper trophi  that these primary production decreases have affected upper trophic levels and fisheries, but, before being able to predict the extent of the primary productivity  e kivu, located north of l. tanganyika, has undergone recent changes induced by alien species introduction and possibly climate change, which have affected the lakes biodiversity, productivity and ecosystem resources
10152	1	ory birds requires a system in which 1. habitat quality has been identified, 2. changes in rang
11496	1	ory birds requires a system in which 1. habitat quality has been identified, 2. changes in rang
10722	1	summary atmospheric deposition of nitrogen compounds has increased dramatically in europe
15131	2	iments. recently, strains of this genus have also been recovered from diverse plant tissues, especially nitrogen   the last four years our research group has isolated many micromonospora strains from nitrogen
214	1	of tropical microbes, including fungi, has received little attention, although these organisms contribute to much of the nutrient cycling the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical monodominance via host specificity and/or positive soil and
14124	1	xperimental study of endangered species has been an inevitable part of activities, focused on biodiversity protection
12513	2	e mid 1990s, organic farm business data have been collected and annual reports on the output, costs and income situation of organic farms, and the performance of individual crop and livestock production  arms, and the performance of individual crop and livestock production activities, have been published
15216	1	d availability of nitrogen. for this we have chosen a mediterranean scrub ecosystem represented by kermes oak thickets in a protected area in the center of the iberian peninsula so that it can shed light on the importance of the increased availability of nitrogen
14920	1	gs suggest that increasing temperatures have been offsetting absorption of carbon by these terrestrial sinks resulting in the stimulation of soil organic matter mineralization with associated release of co2 and dissolved organic carbon describing the possible mechanisms involved and feedback effects by developping a mathematical model which would allow to link biodiversity and carbon cycle
14741	1	the lower ebro river has recently suffered changes in water quality, trophic
1088	2	ion in recent years. several studies on carbon cycling and decomposition have been done on sing  species. the results from these studies have improved the understanding of the effects on these processes by climatic conditions, litter quality
10597	2	ty. in mature soils, molecular analysis has revealed the existence of considerable microbial diversity in soil and   cycling of nitrogen. by using 15n which has been incorporated into plant litter we expect that the indigenous microorganisms will use this as a carbon
10661	2	renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public attention because of perceived benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sources of energy, the possible impact on food production  new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti
10912	2	renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public attention because of perceived benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sources of energy, the possible impact on food production  new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti
11158	2	renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public attention because of perceived benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sources of energy, the possible impact on food production  new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti
11170	2	renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public attention because of perceived benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sources of energy, the possible impact on food production  new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti
11420	2	renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public attention because of perceived benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sources of energy, the possible impact on food production  new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti
11421	2	renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public attention because of perceived benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sources of energy, the possible impact on food production  new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti
11701	2	renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public attention because of perceived benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sources of energy, the possible impact on food production  new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti
11702	2	renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public attention because of perceived benefits to the environment, including climate change, and the potential to replace imported sources of energy, the possible impact on food production  new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti
9896	2	renewable energy has recently received considerable media and public attention because of perceived benefits to the environment, including climate change, the potential to replace imported sources of energy, the possible impact on food production  new data sources to be included as they become available. starting from the base-line descripti
12503	1	st environmental change hypotheses that may have been generated from assessment of the long-term data or from other sources
12305	1	odern livestock industry. however there has been undue reliance on imported soya as the main protein source which has recently raised environmental concerns relating to land use change and, specifically, the release of carbon from cropping of high carbon
7157	1	f organisms isolated. this project also has provided a controlled simulation of the impact of episodic anthropogenic accidents on the natural bacterial biodiversity, such as point source
7415	1	rgy needs. even though numerous studies have demonstrated that these resources are primarily wi
2537	1	is capacity for horizontal dna transfer has played and continues to play a prominent role in bacterial evolution by providing bacteria with a source
7716	1	ogical diversity. mutualistic symbioses have been involved in major evolutionary innovations, for example, the emergence of eukaryotes, which is the likely product
13422	1	anatolian water buffalo has been the most important animal production material
13417	1	sustainable utilization of farm animal genetic resources’ has been conducted since 1995 under
10528	1	lot study, targeting about 5 kg of rock has shown that the comley limestones are a source of or
9868	2	ed species of fish by the investigators have revealed evidence for an adaptation in stickleback learning, suggesting that the ability to learn about the quality of resources  e ability to learn about the quality of resources from others has evolved in species vulnerable
11103	1	w much. this will tell us about the way biogeochemical cycles have changed through time, and th
10203	1	rate sediments and mud volcanoes, which have recently been suggested as being an important potential source
2107	1	nkton dominated waters. resent research have also shown that kelp is an important carbon source
7301	1	ite the importance of this scenario for pollinator conservation and the introduction of parasitoids, its relevance has not been
10294	1	bacteria which grow on methane as sole carbon source have been obtained from many environments
12511	1	ainable farming systems. traditionally, soil quality has been assessed primarily on physical an
15577	1	ions where this may not be feasible. it has been suggested that, in addition to the area of semi-natural habitats, the spatial heterogeneity of the cropped lands may be positively related to biodiversity and provision
12221	1	g greenhouse gas emissions. amongst the sources of renewable energy that have been recognised a
11327	1	era. however, recent research by the pi has highlighted the significant additional contribution to oceanic carbonate production
11269	1	reign currency. both kenya and tanzania have identified the expansion of agricultural productivity
11416	1	reign currency. both kenya and tanzania have identified the expansion of agricultural productivity
14828	1	t heterogeneity and despotic settlement have been postulated as the main mechanisms of population regulation
404	1	ccinium dwarf-shrubs. in the context of forest productivity, the observed changes in plant community composition suggests that forest fertilization had induced
10009	1	and in many areas uninformed management has increased erosion and flooding, and degraded the water quality
1945	1	roduction. global economic developments have resulted in narrowed crop rotation schemes, enlarged field sizes, and simplified habitats, which favor the incidence of pests and pathogens and increase the need for chemical crop protection
10832	1	s to use insects or pathogenic fungi as biological control agents of it have failed. we think t
10704	3	ition-dependent. several recent studies have shown that females reared under good conditions in which high quality resources are freely available have different preferences than females reared on poor quality resources  . for example, in our previous work, we have shown that female stalk-eyed flies with access to better larval or adult resources  be this prediction in our qtl study. we have already shown that the strength of female preference in stalk-eyed flies covaries with female eyespan and female fertility, two traits that strongly reflect resources
11414	3	ition-dependent. several recent studies have shown that females reared under good conditions in which high quality resources are freely available have different preferences than females reared on poor quality resources  . for example, in our previous work, we have shown that female stalk-eyed flies with access to better larval or adult resources  be this prediction in our qtl study. we have already shown that the strength of female preference in stalk-eyed flies covaries with female eyespan and female fertility, two traits that strongly reflect resources
15255	1	records dating as far back as the 1950s have proven to be a valuable source of information to s
10286	1	0 years, the plants living on peatlands have been fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and
10539	1	0 years, the plants living on peatlands have been fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and
11043	1	0 years, the plants living on peatlands have been fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and
15416	1	stems. during the last 3 decades, there has been an increase in the uvb radiation flux to determine whether uvb radiation changes, with or without water deficit, may alter the allocation of photoassimilates among organs of resprouter species and, ultimately, the reserve storage capacity of their roots, comparing evergreen vs deciduous species and native vs invasive species
10475	1	nature and behaviour of the great race have been determined the key task will be to understand how energy is distributed among eddies of different scales and how this energy cascades between scales with increasing distance from the eddy source
2152	1	nd for feed to the aquaculture industry has shown a strong increase over the last years in parallel with the increase in total production
2528	1	nd for feed to the aquaculture industry has shown a strong increase over the last years in parallel with the increase in total production
14377	1	the past decades, a lot of efforts and resources have been invested to protect the remaining a
7217	1	se islands, while their major role as a source material for neighboring systems, source of biodiversity or pollution buffer has been demonstrated
11132	1	vidual plants into a common network. it has been suggested that they may be able to act as conduits for transfer of semiochemicals into bulk soil and
12279	1	results in poor water quality. • there have been steep increases in the prices of nitrogen and
12613	1	in some local authority staff that they possessed the necessary skills to carry out their roles
15343	1	through the ingestion of pb ammunition, has been reported in many bird species even in protected wetlands
14779	1	oth chemical fertilizers and pesticides has allowed a huge increase in food production in the l
11818	1	a number of possible controls on these carbon fluxes into deep-sea sediments have been studied
10032	4	ions, may exert a lot of control on the water quality of the river and also its ecology: so much so that the hyporheic zone has been ascribed  e reactions and their relationship with nitrogen are important because the hyporheic zone has been proposed  re important because the hyporheic zone has been proposed as a zone in which nitrogen attenuati  which nitrogen attenuation occurs. this has led to the proposition that the movement of groundwater through this zone will reduce the concentration of nitrogen
11842	4	ions, may exert a lot of control on the water quality of the river and also its ecology: so much so that the hyporheic zone has been ascribed  e reactions and their relationship with nitrogen are important because the hyporheic zone has been proposed  re important because the hyporheic zone has been proposed as a zone in which nitrogen attenuati  which nitrogen attenuation occurs. this has led to the proposition that the movement of groundwater through this zone will reduce the concentration of nitrogen
13577	1	climate change has been predicted to cause increased river inflow into the baltic sea, leading to decreased salinities, higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon
14713	1	human activity has significantly altered the global biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen
14714	1	human activity has significantly altered the global biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen
12554	1	ain biodiversity in natural ecosystems. pollinating insects are vulnerable to pests, diseases and environmental change - threats that have increased
11527	1	tegrated methodology problem. it is the product of an internationally renowned team of natural, economic and social scientists who have an established track record of high quality research both as individuals and collaboratively ; theme position papers and reports intended for various audiences including researchers and policymakers with the former aimed towards publication in peer reviewed journals; a pan-network synthesis report for which an offer of publication as a book has been received
14841	1	next years. the population genetics of invasive species has been relatively unexplored, even t
12477	1	to: - provide recommendations on which sources of social and economic ‘evidence would be most useful for compiling an inventory of data for the natural environment - provide recommendations on the potential use of the evidence base for assessing the state of the natural environment and the ecosystem services it provides to people - highlight any gaps and issues with the currently available evidence base - report on new approaches and integration of the data-sets for more effective delivery and communication of the ecosystem service approach to meet the aims of the project a number of specific objectives have been set
13571	1	ong-scaped and a short-scaped morph. we have demonstrated that scape length affects the risk of grazing damage, but also seed predation and pollination
13723	1	ture. our project focusses on a mosaic, cultural landscape where we have detailed data on lands
11489	1	dwaters, despite the fact that the nile has long been recognized as critical to the resources o
11518	1	dwaters, despite the fact that the nile has long been recognized as critical to the resources o
14935	1	d bioavailability. grit supplementation has been effective in the control of diseases in other
14797	1	reptosporangium and microbispora and it has been suggested that this endobiota contain an important antimicrobial activity potential and may play an important role in crop protection
12228	1	. in the last 30-40 years, agricultural weed control has been dominated by herbicides. more rec
11404	1	e environment, a key step in the global nitrogen cycle, and an ammonia oxidising crenarchaea has since been
7038	1	, - to which values and attitudes is it connected, - how does it influence the behavior of local people in their management of natural resources
13804	1	human alterations of natural habitats have caused a pollinator decline, and as a result pollination interactions
15242	1	scribed several centuries ago, and that has fascinated evolutionary biologists since darwins time, because it is a mechanism that and depict the role of pollinators
12204	1	ao/ipgri multicrop passport descriptors has already been loaded into the uk national plant inventory of ex-situ resources and is accessible via the defra supported uk genetic resources for food
7617	1	ents including drought. these processes have generated forest formations that are widespread bu
13715	1	oms where does it go, how quickly is it lost by conversion to nitrogen gas 5. cost-benefit anal
10902	1	uctuating prices and other market risks have been shown to enhance services like pollination to
10986	1	uctuating prices and other market risks have been shown to enhance services like pollination to
10201	1	directed programme. important advances have been made in 4 main areas: in understanding microbial biodiversity in the oceans and contrasting this with freshwater systems: in investigating the role of microbes in biogeochemical cycles
11370	1	sion of dimethyl sulfide , is the major source of atmospheric dms, whose oxidation products have been shown
10335	1	most widely used approach to assessing marine resource consumption has been to employ stable i
10887	1	that this may actually be the case. we measured the stable carbon isotope values of common aqu
10719	1	from methane and carbon dioxide that we fed the cells using the raman microscope. this will all
2003	1	tation, hydrology and soil. we recently developed a process-based model describing the plant species composition and carbon
7192	1	increasing agricultural productivity in plants during the last five decades has been based
13767	1	ification of ecosystems to increase the supply of food and fiber has resulted in the decline of
11838	1	50 years. importantly, the experiments have been replicated in sites underlain by coarse and fine-textured soils in both high and low rainfall areas, with recent herbivore exclusion treatments included, making it one of the most thorough long-term data sources
10493	5	estimates suggest human activity has doubled the rate at which biologically available nitrogen  compared to pre-industrial levels. this has led to nutrient enrichment of surface and groundwaters causing low dissolved oxygen levels, loss of habitat and freshwater and riparian biodiversity, lowered drinking water quality  r human impact on riverine nutrient and carbon fluxes by large-scale land-use and management change has been demonstrated  ge-scale land-use and management change has been demonstrated, and suggested to be of potentially greater water quality  cesses. in response to this researchers have used archived paper records to construct the world s longest water quality
14926	1	on to particular pollinators. nor is it known to what extent convergence in pollination syndrom
15045	1	on to particular pollinators. nor is it known to what extent convergence in pollination syndrom
15110	1	temporal changes in marine vegetation have been related to episodic natural or anthropic events, as well as long-term gradual changes in water quality
11029	1	icator of primary production as we once thought and suggests that our ideas of how energy flows
542	1	capacity of both ant and plant partners has resulted in greater impact of climatic fluctuations on ant/plant protection
10287	2	ditionally, the importance of inorganic nitrogen for plant nutrition in terrestrial ecosystems has taken   centre stage. recent studies, however, have started to challenge this, showing that plants can also use dissolved organic nitrogen
10298	2	ditionally, the importance of inorganic nitrogen for plant nutrition in terrestrial ecosystems has taken   centre stage. recent studies, however, have started to challenge this, showing that plants can also use dissolved organic nitrogen
12242	1	is to be met. new roles for grasslands have also been identified including the protection of land and water quality and their potential for carbon sequestration
10176	1	constant daily rates of r. past studies has suggested that acclimation depends on increases in enzymatic capacity of r; if correct, acclimation will require an additional supply of nitrogen
13613	1	ughout the boreal forest. previous work has demonstrated that ericaceous shrubs act as drivers in this system by reducing nutrient availability, driving changes in community composition, reducing productivity, and increasing carbon storage
15113	1	human activity has significantly altered the global biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen
15114	1	human activity has significantly altered the global biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen
12313	1	and environmental safety. one compound has already been registered for predator control in new
12531	1	roject aims to investigate and identify sources of residual inoculum at key nurseries where recurrent outbreaks have occurred and to monitor ongoing contamination at selected garden/woodland outbreak sites where eradication action has been taken
10265	1	the development of agriculture, humans have been releasing carbon dioxide . atmospheric co2 is
10791	1	the development of agriculture, humans have been releasing carbon dioxide . atmospheric co2 is
2100	1	shallow water fisheries in later years has led to an increased interest in deep-sea resources.
10409	1	osystems. aerial deposition of reactive nitrogen and other pollutants has already caused a sign
13611	1	osystems. aerial deposition of reactive nitrogen and other pollutants has already caused a sign
15571	1	osystems. aerial deposition of reactive nitrogen and other pollutants has already caused a sign
11395	1	ecologists have long puzzled over the mechanisms that maintain biological diversity - that permit so many natural species to live alongside others with which they compete for resources
457	1	ds, even though their important role as source of material for neighbouring systems, source of biodiversity or even as pollution buffer has been proved
6741	1	nsistent. evaluation of the native gene resources has become an important task, taking the vari
15454	1	ganic matter pool. however, few studies have quantified this process and its contribution to the ecosystem carbon
2477	1	tions towards sensitive ecosystems that have previously been protected from resource extraction
10381	1	london s lichen and bryophyte diversity has greatly improved following major reductions in so2, but the species composition appears to be dominated by nitrogen
14887	1	and treatment of the illnesses for them provoked. likewise, during pollination and its previous
15027	1	c diversity and structure. some studies have shown that the spatial distribution of populations in fragmented landscapes does not preclude incoming pollen flow in small and isolated patches, but the low number of effective pollen sources
475	1	osystems. aerial deposition of reactive nitrogen and other pollutants has already caused a sign
11130	1	e presence of water-borne allosperm, as has been found in the cheilostome celleporella hyalina bryozoan celleporella hyalina utilizes sperm differentially depending on the relatedness between source
10297	1	ffects. to date, consideration of these sources of heterogeneity in predictive models of population dynamics have been restricted
11073	5	on tundra plants. the nitrogen that we watered onto the vegetation affected the physiology of   s; some species almost died out, others thrived. the results of this experiment were used to se  eriment continued; after three years we stopped adding nitrogen to some of our experimental plo  ed; after three years we stopped adding nitrogen to some of our experimental plots but after another seven years it was clear that the vegetation had not recovered  rtant because international legislation has reduced nitrogen oxide emissions across europe and we need to understand what the potential is for ecosystems to recover once the amount of nitrogen
11163	1	contemporary rural landscsapes are the product of their history, and that we can learn much from analysing how the mixture of human actions, climate and ecology has effectively evolved
9945	1	ost alarmingly, key global cycles which control climate have been altered. however, how the pro
461	1	ded by seabird colonies. more recently, ecotourism and biomonitoring have been developed and br
14555	1	l traits also, most studies in the wild have been performed during only one season, however it is important to understand how annual variation of environmental factors, such as abundance and quality of food resources
14105	1	onic food shortly after the larval yolk supply has been exhausted. starvation and high mortalit
9858	1	and biodiversity strategies and the gm air quality action plan, and this has provided the moti
10359	1	e mammalian turnover event and the ietm has been extensively studied in north america using both carbon
10779	1	lants to absorb carbon dioxide. studies have shown that the more carbon dioxide there is the ai
12356	1	concerns and consequent media interest have implicated the rame head disposal site as one of the possible sources
193	1	communities. large shallow lake peipsi has been a water body rich in fish production. however,
14550	1	osystems. we choose menorca, an insular cultural landscape without altitudinal gradient and without important changes in land use along last decades, to study the climatic driving forcings of its habitat mosaic, harbouring enough endemic richness generate a temporal series of these indexes from landsat mss-tm images for the period 1975 to present, and regressing the empirical orthogonal functions on climatic descriptors, known to have shifted
14614	1	ctive because of this biological aspect has not verified from the experimental point of view in wild species being self-incompatible and shrubby to the same time; it is due not only to the slower growth in relation to the herbaceous species, but also the difficulty to self-fertilizate in a great scale and to the low quantity of offspring got after self-pollination
11156	1	cline or recover. population ecologists have been studying the interactions between climatic conditions and population density as surrogates for resource limitation
15357	1	cultural evolution of humankind has caused a major global ecological footprint that is associated to loss of biodiversity and provision
12589	1	mental preservation. however, peatlands have been exploited by mankind over many centuries as an energy source
11276	1	ulation patterns around antarctica that may have ultimately driven increased efficiency of the biological carbon
2548	1	crop genetic diversity. although norway has chosen a less restrictive path, there is still a long way to go before the inconsistencies are resolved and norwegian policy can promote the conservation and sustainable use of crop genetic resources
13860	1	bility. environmental guidelines, rils, have been produced but so far mainly relate to issues of regeneration, soil and
12183	1	paction. traditionally, soil compaction has been seen solely as a cause of reduced grass productivity
2021	1	many studies on ecosystems have shown that gradual environmental change can lead to discontinuous, catastrophic shifts between alternative stable ecosystem states with concomitant losses of ecological and economic resources
10307	1	of their genomes, we will have a great set of resources to help us, and others in the marine m
10562	1	of their genomes, we will have a great set of resources to help us, and others in the marine m
11323	1	of their genomes, we will have a great set of resources to help us, and others in the marine m
12620	2	nges in soil carbon. the amount of soil carbon is itself sensitive to the way the land is managed, and there is evidence that soils across england and elsewhere have been losing  that soils across england and elsewhere have been losing carbon as a result of past changes in
12357	1	mmary objective as part of the food and environment protection act 1985 , nine offshore wind farm in the uk have been
14207	1	in modern agriculture, pesticides have been used in large quantities for controlling pests and weeds, and thus greatly improve food production
14610	2	recent studies have applied food web methodology to the study of plant-pollinator interactions  -pollinator interactions. these studies have revealed a cohesive, highly nested structure, with few extreme generalist, but more extreme specialists than expected if plant-pollinator
15124	3	y concepts in evolutionary biology that has been object of intense debate, but controversy yet persists concerning their role in the ecology and evolution of pollination systems   of pollination systems. generalization has been traditionally considered a non-adaptive state maintained by spatial/temporal fluctuations in the interaction with selective agents and by the absence of any trade-off in the selective pressures exerted by pollinators   pollinators, a phenomenon that we call structured generalization. we propose that structured g
13357	1	on. the cryopreservation of turkey mint genetic resources in cryobank has been aimed in this pr
15031	1	contamination, the use of these species has extended to air quality monitoring networks in doze
12164	2	tments. during the course of bd1415, it emerged that the supply of plant available n and p in t  e course of bd1415, it emerged that the supply of plant available n and p in the fym may have been underestimated
11862	1	ealth and economy. never before have we had such powerful scientific tools to exploit beneficial insects and control pests
10617	1	enet of adaptive radiation theory, that resource competition is driving such divergence, makes predictions for the temporal relationship between species and morphological diversity that have rarely been
10268	1	invasive species have been identified by the iucn as th
12587	1	and the recycling of organic materials have been promoted as a means of sequestering carbon in
14925	1	applied field of conservation biology. invasive species are nothing more than species that in a short time, and generally through human intervention, have enormously expanded
11580	1	fossil fuel burning of large amounts of carbon that has been buried underground for millions of
10050	2	tream pongolapoort dam. the increase in water provision primarily for the irrigation of commercially grown sugar cane and cotton has come  ommercially grown sugar cane and cotton has come at the expense of various provisioning, regulatory, supporting and cultural services
10888	2	th focused on a better understanding of carbon cycling and greenhouse gas emissions in mangroves: 1 to examine how controlled cutting, which reproduces on a small scale the commercial cutting that has started  small scale the commercial cutting that has started again in kenya, affects carbon stored below
14209	1	it has been increasingly acknowledged that in many lakes the heterotrophic processes are dominating over autotrophic ones turning the lakes into co2 sources
6999	1	tion and its consequences, it certainly contributed to a better understanding of the functionin
10317	1	chain and the major contributors to the global carbon cycle, have already altered their calcifi
11039	1	s the burning of fossil fuels releasing carbon that has been stored for centuries back into the
10035	1	s the burning of fossil fuels releasing carbon that has been stored for centuries back into the
10484	1	earch by part of the research team here has highlighted the significant additional contribution to oceanic carbonate production
9959	1	onomies and societies. human activities have been shown to play a significant factor in the production of ghg, including the generation of electricity using carbon
11277	2	st ice age large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been slowly locked up in peat soils   north pennines, uk in a catchment that has been designated a carbon study catchment by the cen
11301	2	st ice age large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been slowly locked up in peat soils   north pennines, uk in a catchment that has been designated a carbon study catchment by the cen
11837	2	st ice age large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been slowly locked up in peat soils   north pennines, uk in a catchment that has been designated a carbon study catchment by the cen
13534	1	ize new sites in the modern, fragmented cultural landscape if so, how long will it take, and what factors influence plant colonization recent research has pointed
11112	1	the global distribution of black shales has become a topic of intense palaeoceanographic research in the past decade, but their cause remains enigmatic: are oaes the result of an increase in global oceanic productivity and/or organic carbon preservation potential oaes are hence important in regulating the short- and long-term carbon cycle
10223	2	aluation of the watershed services that support ecosystems and people has been weak. yet, assur  people has been weak. yet, assuring the supply of water for these demands by improving watershed management has become
11694	2	aluation of the watershed services that support ecosystems and people has been weak. yet, assur  people has been weak. yet, assuring the supply of water for these demands by improving watershed management has become
14189	1	components of fitness being studied. a source of confusion has also been in the vagueness of t
10624	1	ntial for ecm fungi to influence forest carbon cycles has become clear. they play a fundamental
11586	5	ent on their own. instead, these plants have forged a symbiotic alliance , but in the majority of these cases the plant supplies carbon  ority of these cases the plant supplies carbon, which it has fixed through photosynthesis, to t  ctions between orchid and fungus. using carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus sources enriched with specific isotopes of these elements, i have been  een orchids behave in this way, how the carbon and nutrients are transferred between plant and fungus and whether being able to acquire carbon from a fungus has enabled  ng able to acquire carbon from a fungus has enabled some adult orchids to live in low light conditions where they are unable to fix enough carbon
15330	1	hree different physiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain drought-induced mortality in trees: hydraulic failure underlying drought-induced tree mortality in relation to the main strategies to cope with drought that have been identified in plants, an improved understanding of the carbon
11555	1	ts this hypothesis. we have now clearly identified the presence of methanogens oceanic methane production
15581	1	of life is questioned. climate change, natural resource shortage and patterns of urban growth and decline linked to demographic and economic structural change have revealed
9958	3	o responsible for disturbing the global nitrogen cycle; this has resulted in a diverse range of  turbing the global nitrogen cycle; this has resulted in a diverse range of effects, from altered rates of nutrient cycling and carbon storage   two important global change phenomena. nitrogen additions over the past 7 years have resulted
15250	2	me, the carcasses of domestic ungulates have been considered the main food resource for vertebr  his means that wild herbivore carcasses have increased its availability and might be an important and overlooked source of food
10900	1	ientists, which global canopy programme has helped to catalyse over the last three years, that the water cycle
13854	1	tory variables for species richness, we used habitat variables from field surveys, gis-derived landscape variables and spatially explicit, quantified urban disturbances like density of human population, recreation
11732	1	several studies have recently established that the fluxes of carbon and
413	1	for the hypothesis that these cleavages have gained increased political significance in sweden in the 21st century an increased politicisation along the cleavage lines urban – rural and centre – periphery may be of importance for the centrality of issues such as the distribution of the wolf strain, the economical importance of hunting and the utilisation of resources
10658	1	to 70 years. a marked deterioration in water quality has been observed in the last 10 to 15 ye
9901	1	to 70 years. a marked deterioration in water quality has been observed in the last 10 to 15 ye
10122	1	remains unclear. various physical roles have been proposed, including protection from grazers, increasing sinking rates and protection from high light as well as metabolic roles such as enhanced acquisition of nutrients and as a source of carbon
10355	1	surprisingly, not by climate. this work has opened up several questions: do the western forests grow faster because they photosynthesise at higher rates or do they photosynthesise at similar rates, but have to spend higher amounts of carbon
10747	1	surprisingly, not by climate. this work has opened up several questions: do the western forests grow faster because they photosynthesise at higher rates or do they photosynthesise at similar rates, but have to spend higher amounts of carbon
9976	1	surprisingly, not by climate. this work has opened up several questions: do the western forests grow faster because they photosynthesise at higher rates or do they photosynthesise at similar rates, but have to spend higher amounts of carbon
12170	1	statement a range of scientific studies have demonstrated the value of different types of set-aside land for birds, both in terms of providing food resources in winter and food resources