Id	Number of occurences	Forms
12058	1	ity of the lands farmed. in response to global change, the imas project focuses on the definiti
13377	1	2:research project on conservation and evaluation of almond genetic resources in southeast ana
14564	1	riptions and a summary of their iberian distribution and biology.
7114	1	cales covered in this project. types or traits must also be a centerpiece new diagnostic tools
7115	2	this phenomenon is the corollary of the intensification of agriculture on a substantial part of  cies with rather contrasting ecological behavior; therefore it is possible to have a process ce
7119	1	odiversity under discussion. 2 - on the scale of farming we assess the economic, agronomic and
7122	1	on the basis of plausible scenarios of climate change and use of space for the coming years to
7127	10	ong the potential ecological impacts of global change, its consequences for the functioning of   its consequences for the functioning of species interactions remain one of the biggest unknowns  g for mutual, woody plants and tropical ecosystems. because each species responds to changes in  ase of diffuse interactions, ecological redundancy in the roles of the different species confer   roles of the different species confers stability. by cons, in the specific and mandatory mutua  nd mandatory mutual, lack of ecological redundancy implies a greater risk of rupture of the int  odiversity. we will study the impact of global change on three specific and mandatory mutual in  nd the majority belongs to the tropical ecosystems. our project combines correlative and experi  t will the increase of c02 does for the production and quality of resources available as reward   and the specific mutualisms mandatory, global change
7142	6	vegetation has a dual interest in studying the impact o  dual interest in studying the impact of global change on ecosystems: it is firstly an important  studying the impact of global change on ecosystems: it is firstly an important component of bio  rsity, but it is also an effective bio- indicator of the changes. we propose to study the impac  nges. we propose to study the impact of climate change on vegetation dynamics in the french mou  o study the impact of climate change on vegetation dynamics in the french mountain forests. mou
7186	6	enthic stream modified crepidula on the succession of phytoplankton species, and pelagic drift    the main objective of the experimental mesocosm. all experiments were carried out successfully  t when this is done, the effects on the ecosystem does not perceive quickly. This study provide  rovides information on the diversity of perceptions of invasive phenomena, if Caulerpa taxifoli  nd professionals. it should lead to the development of concrete scenarios, thereby strengthenin   the public and all stakeholders of the ecosystem harbor of Brest.
7197	1	owledge and reflection elements for the development and governance of rural areas. Indeed, it a
7245	1	ersity in seine and marl to establish a mapping of the risk of extinction reptile populations a
7264	2	biodiversity experiencing unprecedented growth, particularly in conservation biology. in this c  dressing the following question: at the scale of geological time, how changing the phylogenetic
7274	3	lants threatens the survival fragmented environment. its evaluation in natural populations is h  he survival fragmented environment. its evaluation in natural populations is hampered by the te   locus genotyping of difficulty in non- model species. the project aims to test the application
7279	1	or estimating anthropogenic impacts and climate change on the systems studied. dip integrate ne
7285	5	sing molecular markers and quantitative traits studied in controlled conditions. nine hundred i  ions will be characterized. finally, we model the evolution of life history traits under differ  be characterized. finally, we model the evolution of life history traits under different fire r  zed. finally, we model the evolution of life history traits under different fire regimes    we model the evolution of life history traits under different fire regimes
7297	5	g for the direct conversion of chemical energy contained in the organic matter into electrical   ion of chemical energy contained in the organic matter into electrical energy using bacterial b  d in the organic matter into electrical energy using bacterial biofilms as catalysts electroche  local environments and geomorphological heterogeneity. this project aims to analyze the ability  f electroactive biofilms from different ecosystems Guyanese from the densities of currents prod
7299	5	plants, for their sessile nature, exhibit great plasticity to adapt to environmen   human activities have generated in the environment of harmful pollution, the main effect is, l  effect is, like many abiotic and biotic stress, the generation of oxidative stress in vivo. thi  tic stress, the generation of oxidative stress in vivo. this project seeks to highlight, in wil  ts originating from a plasticity of the stress response mechanisms, primarily oxidative and exp
7300	1	nships with more or less specialized in ecosystems is a major environmental problem
7312	1	, habitats and sensitive and threatened ecosystems. to this end, quantitative methods have been
7363	4	arsenic is a metalloid present in the environment in several oxidation states, the proportion  l oxidation states, the proportion is a function of microbial transformations affecting its mob  ble organisms present in a contaminated ecosystem while the diversity of functions associated w  ersity of functions associated with the metabolism arsénié will be explored by a proteomic appr
7374	2	d. . the results contribute to modeling the evolution of the device according to the p   the results contribute to modeling the evolution of the device according to the parameters of
7425	4	tanding the overall functioning of agro-ecosystems. agro-ecosystems bordering conserved areas r  ll functioning of agro-ecosystems. agro-ecosystems bordering conserved areas represent ideals s  w diseases. as such, the camargue agro- ecosystem seems remarkably well suited to this type of   ture on biodiversity phytovirale a wild ecosystem, and vice versa
7428	3	. stresses that intensive production involve the use of pesticides to fight espec   the whole animal. also cases of direct mortality, they concentrate in food chains and directly  food chains and directly affect natural predators of slugs such as ground beetles, thrushes, sh
7500	3	is to analyze the genetic basis of the resistance of the soil, comparing different soil bacter  oil, comparing different soil bacterial community, resistant or non- resistant. bacterial taxa   sistant floors, and identify biological indicators to manage the pest soil quality
7550	3	nitrification is a key function of the nitrogen cycle, responsible for the bal   nitrification is a key function of the nitrogen cycle, responsible for the balance between the   balance between the preferred forms of nitrogen for plants on the genetic potential of these c
7551	1	a hierarchy of factors involved in the evolution of populations ppv
7558	2	ial genetic diversity coupled to a data mining system based on the application of genomic impri  our objectives are: to formalize it the development phase of this method in theory to guide and
7560	9	al features both trophic level as their life history traits, they are especially important in t  oth trophic level as their life history traits, they are especially important in the soil ecosy  ey are especially important in the soil ecosystem. the structure of soil nematodes community tu  system. the structure of soil nematodes community turns out to be a relevant indicator for bio-  es community turns out to be a relevant indicator for bio-study of environmental change. we pro  e a relevant indicator for bio-study of environmental change. we propose to couple molecular ch  ematode species found in different agro-ecosystems selected. The objective of these studies is   . The objective of these studies is the development of a bio-indicator based on molecular tool   ese studies is the development of a bio-indicator based on molecular tool for comparative analy
7566	1	the project aims to characterize the nature of the observed variability in saffron. we study
7576	4	e organic farmers to develop low- input production systems for specific direct valuations. thes  ity to adapt to their lands and ways of production and processing. we propose to study in us pu  f producers that they have created, the evolution and adaptation of populations to specific con   of populations to specific contexts of production. analysis of the operation of the network, o
7586	1	racteristics and assessments of disease resistance of the National cichorium collection are mad
7609	2	as a fundamental mechanism of bacterial evolution to the degradation of chemical pollutants. th  the microflora in order to increase the efficiency and speed of remediation treatments
7612	2	ill through mass balance to monitor the behavior of these heavy metals. in france there are man  . in the north of france, the volume of sediment to be dredged is thus estimated at three milli
7614	1	al residents, a change in practices and perceptions of social and collective waste water manage
7718	1	le forms and implications of ecological intensification
11864	9	direct experience with angling or from nature documentaries. most are probably aware that food  are aware of the details of the complex ecosystems found in lakes, or indeed of the links betwe  of pollution in lakes are well known as nutrients from fertilisers can enter the water from agr  ausing plant life to take over the lake carbon entering from surrounding land. this research is  rial entering a lake can be affected by climate change and land management practices. the consu  actices. the consumption of terrestrial carbon by species in the lake can also be affected by i   which voraciously consumes within-lake carbon and is rapidly spreading through irish and u.k.   ial. our proposal to combine the use of stable isotopes with radiocarbon in queen s university   search to shed light on the complicated food webs in freshwater lakes.
10966	23	conditions such as sources of moisture, temperature and amount of rainfall above each cave. the  ount of rainfall above each cave. these oxygen isotope records give much insight into climate c   isotope records give much insight into climate change but interpretation still tends to rest o  nderstanding of which features of local climate the speleothem responds to, and whether the rec  ltered during the process of speleothem growth. unlocking the real climatic information needs u  eds understanding of the full system of climate - vegetation - groundwater - cave - speleothem.  tanding of the full system of climate - vegetation - groundwater - cave - speleothem. thus clim  - groundwater - cave - speleothem. thus climate reconstruction from speleothem records depends   e first is close monitoring of the cave environment to identify speleothem sites which record r  ation relating d18o to other aspects of climate. we aim to accomplish both steps and develop a   th steps and develop a fully-calibrated climate record from gibraltar covering parts of the las  d on the first step - understanding the climate recording process by monitoring the part of the  nd seasonal variations in chemistry and oxygen isotopes in cave drips and soil water, plus the   ion of cave air, temperatures, soil and vegetation changes, and related these to amounts of rai  ific conditions when speleothems record climate most accurately, and if these are met the isoto  the modern part of gibraltar s historic climate record can be used to derive a calibrated trans  be used to derive a calibrated transfer function relating d18o to climate. we intend to test th  ated transfer function relating d18o to climate. we intend to test this calibration using stala  om statistical analysis of the historic climate back to 1792. furthermore, because gibraltar ha  estigate how this has affected the d18o-climate transfer function and how the calibration from    has affected the d18o-climate transfer function and how the calibration from modern records ma   can be compared directly with computer climate models. gibraltar s caves have very high potent  ding a record from a natural laboratory environment running back from modern times to possibly
10847	1	ovide users with the ability to extract abundance data and gridded products for key taxa and ot
10093	13	vegetation plays an important role in landscapes that a  or vegetated dune fields on a landscape scale, and the effects of various plant species on the   effects of various plant species on the evolution and dynamics of such environments are not qua  t aims to develop a computer simulation model based on moving around slabs of sand across a gri  pe surface including varying amounts of vegetation in each cell. these movements are controlled  tions between the existing surface, the vegetation in each cell, and the propagation of the san   sand slabs. this allows simulating the evolution of aeolian landscapes through self-organisati  t types of dune fields without actually modelling the complex airflow dynamics and sand transpo  standing of vegetated aeolian landscape development to ensure that the model generates realisti  andscape development to ensure that the model generates realistic results. the model is then us   model generates realistic results. the model is then used to systematically investigate exactl   why various kinds of plant species and vegetation patterns influence the dynamics of dune deve  patterns influence the dynamics of dune development in aeolian environments.
14360	17	text and objectives timely and accurate habitat reportage is vital to monitoring the biodiversi  diversity and ecological quality of our environment. remote sensing methods can be utilized to    ecological quality of our environment. remote sensing methods can be utilized to this end but   lized to this end but existing data and classification methods fall short of the purposes of ha  n methods fall short of the purposes of habitat reportage in several aspects: - airborne hypers  methods have not addressed the issue of habitat structure which are most important for assessin   which are most important for assessing habitat quality - most existing remote sensing methodol  sessing habitat quality - most existing remote sensing methodologies have not been tested vigor  tter status reporting on habitats using remote sensing data. for this, an enhanced state-of-the   for this, an enhanced state-of-the-art classification framework will be designed and modelling  fication framework will be designed and modelling techniques will be used. methodology • three   pplied to increase the applicability of remote sensing data for habitat status reporting. the v  pplicability of remote sensing data for habitat status reporting. the vegetation condition will   data for habitat status reporting. the vegetation condition will also be assessed using model   n condition will also be assessed using model inversion. results expected - 6 peer reviewed jou  cted - 6 peer reviewed journal papers - classification framework for habistat status reporting   n for sr image reconstruction including classification framework - international work shops ---
12585	6	ll main peat projects. the project will review existing research and management practice of pea  or failure identified. the project will review motivations for restoration projects as well as    and water conservation, enhancement of carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation and   enhancement of carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation and flood protection goals. t  carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation and flood protection goals. these changing o   of public funding and the role of agri-environment schemes, this step will highlight any contr
7633	4	dna of these bacteria directly from the environment and clone the banks to form so-called metag  alled in the following sections and its development was made possible, at least partially, due   l engineering"2008. after this stage of development, we seek help to exploit and demonstrate th   ground by the international scientific community
12716	1	ity action plan: 1. global evolutionary complexity of freshwater alveolates: a new threat to fr
1973	3	for one or both species, as well as for community function more generally. fucoid seaweeds are    both species, as well as for community function more generally. fucoid seaweeds are among the   nd have been implicated as biodiversity indicators. until now, hybrid zones in marine benthic s
11767	5	nating yet least studied of terrestrial ecosystems. in terms of ecosystem science, they combine   of terrestrial ecosystems. in terms of ecosystem science, they combine some of the attributes   ate forests quantify the the effects of temperature, litter quality and rainfall on the decay r  lity and rainfall on the decay rates of leaf litter, woody debris, humic material and soil orga  itter, woody debris, humic material and soil organic matter, by conducting a translocation expe
11791	4	nating yet least studied of terrestrial ecosystems. in terms of ecosystem science, they combine   of terrestrial ecosystems. in terms of ecosystem science, they combine some of the attributes   mperate forests quantify the effects of temperature, litter quality and rainfall on organic mat  erature, litter quality and rainfall on organic matter decay rates by conduction a translocatio
9983	5	nating yet least studied of terrestrial ecosystems. in terms of ecosystem science, they combine   of terrestrial ecosystems. in terms of ecosystem science, they combine some of the attributes   ate forests quantify the the effects of temperature, litter quality and rainfall on the decay r  lity and rainfall on the decay rates of leaf litter, woody debris, humic material and soil orga  itter, woody debris, humic material and soil organic matter, by conducting a translocation expe
10169	3	e chronostratigraphy and use a range of indicators to gauge the nature, scale and extent of the   use a range of indicators to gauge the nature, scale and extent of the environmental catastrop  ange of indicators to gauge the nature, scale and extent of the environmental catastrophe that
10022	4	ownload so that members of the research community may combine them with their data for their ow   species and sequences, a pool of large-scale phylogenetic trees representing each individual g  monly used genes. finally, an important function of the database is its use in identifying unkn  ready for a general synthesis and broad scale phylogenetic analysis. with comparatively simple
12421	1	udgements to be made on a wide range of ecosystem components.
7386	2	the study of functional diversity is essential to the sustainable ma   combines genomic, genetic, statistical modeling and wood chemistry
15023	1	yological differences with the size and function factors. methodology to be used would include
7643	9	species - abundance relations are fundamental in ecology. their m  tions are fundamental in ecology. their modeling is at the origin of numerous assumptions and t  rom regional to local, or based on life traits or functions. taking coral fish communities as a  ons. taking coral fish communities as a model, we propose to investigate how these relationship  ging from local to regional, panel life traits, this over spatial scales and according to sever  spatial scales and according to several connectivity scenarios or changes in environmental cond  everal thousand species and hundreds of functional groups. the global decline of coral, a major  or the future of the reefs is linked to global change: the proposed modeling should bring answe  s linked to global change: the proposed modeling should bring answers to the changing patterns
10029	12	ng concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor the hea  important that we monitor the health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satell   health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satellite or airborne sensors is us  tive means of achieving this task. much remote sensing research attempts to improve the resolut  ch projects usually focus on a specific ecosystem and issue / for example, can we distinguish l  pare them to others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environ  others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some as   how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly   an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly well understood, such as the   ecently been modelled. we achieved this modelling using radiosity methods a generic statistical  radiosity methods a generic statistical environment to combine both spectral and ecological dat  ring accurate data at each stage of the remote sensing process which will help prioritise the c
11058	12	ng concerns about the impacts of global climate change, it is important that we monitor the hea  important that we monitor the health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satell   health of ecosystems over large areas. remote sensing from satellite or airborne sensors is us  tive means of achieving this task. much remote sensing research attempts to improve the resolut  ch projects usually focus on a specific ecosystem and issue / for example, can we distinguish l  pare them to others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environ  others / we need a generic model of how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some as   how remote sensing works in an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly   an aquatic environment. some aspects of remote sensing are fairly well understood, such as the   ecently been modelled. we achieved this modelling using radiosity methods a generic statistical  radiosity methods a generic statistical environment to combine both spectral and ecological dat  ring accurate data at each stage of the remote sensing process which will help prioritise the c
11205	2	ay and use transcriptomics to determine function of an estimated 400 - 500 genes in its 400 kbp   will be generated from a natural virus community to determine life histories of unculturable v
10674	1	his is an entirely novel application of gis and will test the potential of such approaches to r
12745	1	makers and practitioners at the global scale.
10807	8	ing, and the number that die because of competition with other species or because there is not    problems, if we could make a realistic model of the processes controlling the number of fishes  her to construct an overall theoretical model. for example, we know that predation by carnivoro  etical model. for example, we know that predation by carnivorous fishes significantly affects t  ore places for fishes to hide and avoid predators. i have developed a theoretical model that su  edators. i have developed a theoretical model that summarises all these interactions. structura  these interactions. structural equation modelling relative to a range of other factors. by comb   where there are large areas of nursery habitat
12596	18	ities of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, thereby contributing to global warming.  dioxide, thereby contributing to global warming. restoration of these damaged peatlands is prom  promoted as a means of restarting their carbon sink function so that they take up or sequester   a means of restarting their carbon sink function so that they take up or sequester more carbon    so that they take up or sequester more carbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxid  rbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide than they release to it; that is, so tha  , so that they act as a brake on global warming. however, restoration schemes have not consider  emes have not considered the release of methane from peatlands. like carbon dioxide, methane is  release of methane from peatlands. like carbon dioxide, methane is a carbon gas, but it is much  ne from peatlands. like carbon dioxide, methane is a carbon gas, but it is much more potent as   ands. like carbon dioxide, methane is a carbon gas, but it is much more potent as a greenhouse   s a greenhouse gas. therefore, although methane is emitted from peatlands in relatively small q  and restoration from the perspective of climate change. given the uncertain role of methane in   ate change. given the uncertain role of methane in the carbon balance of restored peatlands, th  en the uncertain role of methane in the carbon balance of restored peatlands, this study aims t   restored peatlands, this study aims to review existing literature to see how methane emissions  o review existing literature to see how methane emissions from restored peatlands compare with   ed by a report summarising a literature review and the results from an expert workshop and an i
10072	13	y important organisms within the marine environment, forming the very base of almost all marine  ming the very base of almost all marine food webs. this diverse group of organisms are frequent  een organisms at the base of the marine food web and larger planktonic predators. they are also  e marine food web and larger planktonic predators. they are also critically important as nutrie  as nutrient recyclers within the marine environment, particularly in the case of nitrogen. many  nvironment, particularly in the case of nitrogen. many species of protozooplankton can be consi  nkton communities. because of the sheer abundance of these organisms within the oceans, this ha  ns, effecting how key elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, are cycled within aquatic environm  ng how key elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, are cycled within aquatic environments. there   drop in feeding rate of the flagellate predator. interestingly, white blood cells within our c  in addition to being relevant to marine food webs, our results may shed light on the early orig  , depending on the feeding state of the predator. through conducting these experiments we aim t  o progress our understanding of aquatic ecosystems, by revealing underlying mechanisms through
13819	7	declines in ectomycorrhizal onto forest ecosystems. similar reductions in diversity are also fr  equently observed after the addition of nitrogen fertilizers to increase wood production in bor  f nitrogen fertilizers to increase wood production in boreal forests. however, some ecm fungi r  r, some ecm fungi respond positively to nitrogen additions. by comparing these species with tho  cts of fertilization upon the fungi and indirect effects mediated through the tree response to   m species are particularly sensitive to nitrogen may make it possible to suggest ways of balanc  le to suggest ways of balancing optimal production gains while minimising negative impacts upon
15372	11	understanding the nature and the causes of the geographic range limits of  dary may be determined by environmental stress, species interactions and dispersal limitations.   be determined by environmental stress, species interactions and dispersal limitations. disenta  to accurately forecast the responses to climate change. in this project, we aim to investigate   e abiotic and biotic causes determining distribution patterns of two species of canopy-forming    two species differ in their life-cycle traits and in the pattern of geographical distribution   aits and in the pattern of geographical distribution in nw iberian peninsula. we are considerin  wo initial hypotheses: i the geographic distribution of himanthalia elongata in nw iberian peni  rticularly in determining the scattered distribution inside bays observed in atlantic shores. i  nteractions and physical factors in the distribution of h. elongata and f. serratus. mms consti  h. elongata will concur with its actual distribution whereas the mm modelled for f.serratus wil
13457	13	a future bio-based production will require increased agricultural manageme  e increased agricultural management for production of food and biofuels. an intensified product  on of food and biofuels. an intensified production may impair the carbon sequestration in the s  n intensified production may impair the carbon sequestration in the soil and increase release o  ion in the soil and increase release of carbon to the atmosphere due to actions by the microorg  s by the microorganisms responsible for carbon cycling in agricultural soils. global climate pr  n cycling in agricultural soils. global climate projections depend today on models that estimat  epend today on models that estimate the carbon fluxes from soils under land use and climate cha  on fluxes from soils under land use and climate change. despite the known importance of soil mi  identity of the key microbial actors of carbon cycling in soils. the aim of this project is to   aim of this project is to determine the functional diversity of microorganisms on gene level th  n gene level that is directly affecting carbon cycling in agricultural soils. we propose here a   involved in the degradation of complex carbon sources, that is up to 200 times faster and 100
11431	1	urce of uncertainty in the estimates of climate sensitivity to either natural or man-made chang
12549	1	bility of the crop. within the european community the uk has protected zone status to prevent t
10165	5	project will use melanism in birds as a model system to investigate the genetics of adaptation.  nism in birds, and whether dark plumage evolution through species formation has the same cause   e of the mc1r in other types of plumage evolution, such as a switch between red and black pluma  e readily comprehensible by the broader community, and have the potential to become a classic e  classic example of the genetic basis of evolution.
2028	12	s has been to understand how individual traits of organisms affect species interactions and com  w individual traits of organisms affect species interactions and community dynamics. recent bre  ganisms affect species interactions and community dynamics. recent breakthroughs provide ecolog  to study the effect of individual plant traits on interactions in ecosystems. such an ecogenomi  ividual plant traits on interactions in ecosystems. such an ecogenomic approach is the topic of  approach is the topic of this proposal. food webs are overlaid with infochemical webs that medi  eractions can have important effects on community dynamics. infochemicals are interesting in th  fitness, and thus for interactions in a community. infochemicals from plants influence interact  and specific process that is induced by herbivory. the infochemicals attract carnivores that af  effects on individual interactions in a food web in addition to a quantitative food web analysi   food web in addition to a quantitative food web analysis. this novel approach creates an essen  en molecular, chemical, behavioural and community ecology.
2104	1	d test species boundaries and character evolution of the brown-spored agarics and the genus gal
15083	2	them. it can be estimated that the rich vegetation and the climatic variety of the different sp  s and made available for the scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequences will be
14715	2	them. it can be estimated that the rich vegetation and the climatic variety of the different sp  s and made available for the scientific community. while that the nucleotide sequences will be
10883	7	l prerequisite to understanding how our ecosystems and their services are formed, and how natur  atural and anthropogenic factors effect ecosystem viability. whilst this is well advanced for m  imal and plant ecology, the microscopic nature of bacteria means we have virtually no understan  erform central roles in enhancing plant productivity and biogeochemical nutrient cycling. it is  groups are present, what controls their distribution, and how environmental changes occurring n  perform and how this maps to integrated ecosystem assessments. in this application, we propose   high resolution maps of bacterial group distribution across great britain and couple these data
9873	1	within reach, since due to the fibrous growth of calcite fibres on brittle fault planes, start
15064	6	arget, due to the amazing diversity and richness of the natural world. for this reason, the cho  s is crucial. what is a good biological model generally, a good model is considered to be one t  good biological model generally, a good model is considered to be one that is easy to observe a  ts. the risk in evaluating a biological model in such a way is that it always limits our invest  viduals are crucial elements regulating population dynamics, trajectories, spatial and temporal   spatial and temporal distributions and stability, as well as their likelihood of extinction. i
10277	2	gafaunal species geographical ranges to climate, habitat and components of their diet. we will   species geographical ranges to climate, habitat and components of their diet. we will then use
10288	2	gafaunal species geographical ranges to climate, habitat and components of their diet. we will   species geographical ranges to climate, habitat and components of their diet. we will then use
10531	2	gafaunal species geographical ranges to climate, habitat and components of their diet. we will   species geographical ranges to climate, habitat and components of their diet. we will then use
2546	4	e for understanding some of the largest ecosystems on earth. despite decades of investigations    as food for zooplankton and subsequent productivity of higher trophic levels is limited and co  of phaeocystis in the global cycling of climate gases and transfer of energy to higher trophic   ycling of climate gases and transfer of energy to higher trophic levels, such as fisheries.
13779	5	boreal stream ecosystems have large intrinsic values but our understa  understanding about their structure and function is still weak which holds back the development  tion is still weak which holds back the development of useful management strategies. this defic  edicted to experience relatively strong climate change effects with likely negative consequence  ommunities and their ability to deliver ecosystem goods and services. current knowledge seems t
14225	6	pecies and understanding their adaptive nature. phylogenetic comparative methods add ~100 tropi   study will be the first to investigate life history evolution in insects in a phylogenetic fra  e the first to investigate life history evolution in insects in a phylogenetic framework, compa  an important step towards understanding life history evolution in insects on a global scale. fu  step towards understanding life history evolution in insects on a global scale. furthermore, th  istory evolution in insects on a global scale. furthermore, this work will valuable as improvin
15314	1	ends, the phenomenon also ends with the production of the resulting pattern. along this project
10340	7	ile and non-volatile chemicals in their environment . they use this information for detecting f  nformation for detecting food, avoiding predators, finding mates and other crucial functions. t  animals through their functions in both habitat and mate choice, arguably the two primary forms  atory receptor loci and key behavioural traits, such as mate and habitat choice, in recombinant  ey behavioural traits, such as mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses   nd expression modifications in adaptive evolution as well as pointing to candidate speciation g  he project will provide new data on the evolution of these fascinating and important genes with
10994	7	ile and non-volatile chemicals in their environment . they use this information for detecting f  nformation for detecting food, avoiding predators, finding mates and other crucial functions. t  animals through their functions in both habitat and mate choice, arguably the two primary forms  atory receptor loci and key behavioural traits, such as mate and habitat choice, in recombinant  ey behavioural traits, such as mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses   nd expression modifications in adaptive evolution as well as pointing to candidate speciation g  he project will provide new data on the evolution of these fascinating and important genes with
9967	7	ile and non-volatile chemicals in their environment . they use this information for detecting f  nformation for detecting food, avoiding predators, finding mates and other crucial functions. t  animals through their functions in both habitat and mate choice, arguably the two primary forms  atory receptor loci and key behavioural traits, such as mate and habitat choice, in recombinant  ey behavioural traits, such as mate and habitat choice, in recombinant inbred lines of crosses   nd expression modifications in adaptive evolution as well as pointing to candidate speciation g  he project will provide new data on the evolution of these fascinating and important genes with
13742	15	ork demands large areas of high quality habitat to sustain. preferred habitats are wetlands and  -cultivated grasslands. in a good stork habitat, a plethora of more or less threatened species   ject i intend to construct a predictive habitat distribution model for the storks in southern s  ntend to construct a predictive habitat distribution model for the storks in southern sweden. t  truct a predictive habitat distribution model for the storks in southern sweden. the model will   for the storks in southern sweden. the model will relate the habitat use and reproductive succ  thern sweden. the model will relate the habitat use and reproductive success of the storks, to    reproductive success of the storks, to habitat characteristics in a gis database. i will devel  storks, to habitat characteristics in a gis database. i will develop the model using data on th  s in a gis database. i will develop the model using data on the storks present in 2002-2004, an  he storks released in 2005-2006. as the habitat data are available for the whole potential bree   sweden, predictions on available stork habitat can be made for this range. thus, it will be po  pulation of storks in sweden. the stork habitat identified with the model will also be valuable  . the stork habitat identified with the model will also be valuable for many other wetland orga   other wetland organisms, and hence the model can be used to direct conservation and restoratio
12267	3	etation of the significance of biogenic carbon is key to drawing conclusions on the impacts of   nclusions on the impacts of peat use on climate change. many lca studies discount biogenic carb  nge. many lca studies discount biogenic carbon as there is no net emission between its sequestr
10575	7	minal fluid proteins in mammalian sperm competition. sperm competition occurs when the ejaculat  s in mammalian sperm competition. sperm competition occurs when the ejaculates of different mal  s a pervasive selection pressure in the evolution of ejaculate characteristics and other reprod   characteristics and other reproductive traits for diverse animal taxa. in particular, it is no  culates is strongly influenced by sperm competition. however, sperm usually make up only a tiny  fraction of total ejaculate volume male dominance status. as well as testing for predicted chan  s with likely functional roles in sperm competition. these findings will establish the role of
13712	3	protected areas. it is today applied in production forests around the world, making it good exa  e world, making it good examples of an ´ecosystem approach´ in practice. although conducted at   east 1 billion sek per year, a thorough evaluation taking into account ecological, economic and
12712	5	this project requires a review, collation and analysis of bird population and d  ion and analysis of bird population and distribution data, which will then be used to further s  her support, outside this contract, the development and application of guidance and principles   ce and principles as part of a targeted review of the current uk network of terrestrial and coa  overnment and its statutory agencies to review the spa network
12704	1	pe, and recreation. the purpose of this review is to assess the effectiveness of the research p
12455	1	summary objective: review international best practice and appropriate know
10179	3	as important drivers of bacterial host evolution, both in terms of predator-prey relationships  terial host evolution, both in terms of predator-prey relationships and in terms of phage conve  bacteria are far more widespread in the environment than previously considered. a series of pos
10284	4	im to construct a spatial multi-species ecosystem model focused on commercially exploited fish   truct a spatial multi-species ecosystem model focused on commercially exploited fish in the nor  uently advocated as the way forward for ecosystem-based management in fisheries. a key part of   omparative study involving ewe regional ecosystem models, with a view to identifying the streng
13980	2	likely to be determinants of desirable traits. until very recently, the only practical approac  onary history of populations from large-scale genotype information. i will focus on locating se
12456	5	ly evaluate the usefulness of different modelling approaches for exploring wider ecosystem cons  odelling approaches for exploring wider ecosystem considerations of fisheries in the marine env  nsiderations of fisheries in the marine environment. assess how important the interactions are    important the interactions are between predators and their prey in comparison with other sourc  s models, and help to predict knock-on, ecosystem implications of future management actions.
14751	4	recovery of endangered and endemic flora is crucial not  tats supporting such a singular type of vegetation. as it is well-known, the in situ and ex sit  . in this project it is postulated that optimization of the mycorrhizal status of these plants   isms, in term of increasing plant cover development and for improving physical-chemical propert
9828	5	s of long term tnt exposure on the soil microbial community structure, diversity and function u  bial community structure, diversity and function using molecular biology approaches. we will co   conduct experiments to investigate the stability of tnt contaminated soil microbial communitie  ch a comprehensive understanding of the ecosystem and its response to xenobiotic stress is esse  cosystem and its response to xenobiotic stress is essential for bioremediation strategies to be
2088	1	ies. in addition, collection of data on habitat, biology and diet and whenever possible also on
1979	8	eed for tools to predict the effects of habitat change on wildlife. after earlier abandoning ca  e on wildlife. after earlier abandoning carrying capacity as a useful concept, scientists now a  that in the case of migratory birds the carrying capacity of a non-breeding site can be meaning  s a site can support. current models of carrying capacity assume a single giving-up food densit  capacity assume a single giving-up food density . as the proposed research can build on laborio  ous and time-consuming measurements and model developments, this provides a unique opportunity   s provides a unique opportunity to test carrying capacity models of varying degrees of complexi  g capacity models of varying degrees of complexity.
14509	1	parallel evolution is a form of homoplasy in which the same trai
11671	11	o examine the contribution of different life history stages to the local population dynamics of  ferent life history stages to the local population dynamics of some stream insects. understandi  rial adults. we will concentrate on the recruitment of eggs from the terrestrial into the aquat  upply of emergent rocks might limit egg recruitment. further, egg-laying females may be influen  d we will test also how this influences recruitment. once the eggs hatch, the mobility of neona   neonate movement, we will identify the spatial scale relevant to studies about population dyna  spatial scale relevant to studies about population dynamics. alternatively, effects of emergent  k limitation may be overwhelmed by high mortality of eggs or neonates, suggesting a different u  ng a different underlying mechanism for recruitment limitation. a lack of any pattern between e  r bottlenecks occur for egg and neonate life history stages, how strong those bottlenecks might  ntal importance to ecological models of population dynamics. information on how insects use eme
10280	6	rtical exchange, controlling biological growth through the summer and enabling the sequestratio  rich deep water. the vertical mixing of nutrients across the seasonal thermocline acts to coupl  to account for about half of the annual carbon fixation in seasonally stratified shelf seas, an   responsible for the vertical mixing of nutrients across the thermocline is a vital prerequisit  isite to our understanding of shelf sea ecosystems. our proposal is to investigate the role of   paign closely integrated with numerical model predictions using both 1d and 3d numerical models
10553	6	rtical exchange, controlling biological growth through the summer and enabling the sequestratio  rich deep water. the vertical mixing of nutrients across the seasonal thermocline acts to coupl  to account for about half of the annual carbon fixation in seasonally stratified shelf seas, an   responsible for the vertical mixing of nutrients across the thermocline is a vital prerequisit  isite to our understanding of shelf sea ecosystems. our proposal is to investigate the role of   paign closely integrated with numerical model predictions using both 1d and 3d numerical models
9929	9	s a key component of the north atlantic ecosystem, forming a vital link between primary product  m, forming a vital link between primary production and fisheries. calanus feeds and reproduces   mporal variability in the spring/summer abundance of calanus, it is vital to understand factors  pth are not known, but the avoidance of predators may be one of the factors. we have previously  usly made an extensive study of calanus predator-prey interactions in the irminger basin in the  ng depth of the calanus and that of its predators. this study will use data from elsewhere in t   provide new information on the role of predators in winter mortality of calanus and insights i  tion on the role of predators in winter mortality of calanus and insights into the factors behi  may respond to ongoing changes in ocean climate.
10812	12	questions about the abundance of animal populations are as old as the scien  ause they are not suited to the british climate . these are actually answers to different quest  stions: the first is about the relative abundance of different species; the second is about var   linked because the pattern of relative abundance varies from place to place. for example, dart  k. for the first time it is possible to model in the same analysis the variation in abundance o  l in the same analysis the variation in abundance of multiple species in many places. it is now  w possible to compare the importance of evolution and ecology in determining which species shou  pecies should be common or rare and why abundance varies from place to place. my research takes   new methods to ask questions about the abundance of mammals and british butterflies. mammals a  es are also an ideal group for studying abundance, due to the systematic records from across th  valuable datasets in biology. analysing abundance data in a single framework means that it beco  ch allows me to address questions about spatial scale. for example, are species that are locall
9961	12	questions about the abundance of animal populations are as old as the scien  ause they are not suited to the british climate . these are actually answers to different quest  stions: the first is about the relative abundance of different species; the second is about var   linked because the pattern of relative abundance varies from place to place. for example, dart  k. for the first time it is possible to model in the same analysis the variation in abundance o  l in the same analysis the variation in abundance of multiple species in many places. it is now  w possible to compare the importance of evolution and ecology in determining which species shou  pecies should be common or rare and why abundance varies from place to place. my research takes   new methods to ask questions about the abundance of mammals and british butterflies. mammals a  es are also an ideal group for studying abundance, due to the systematic records from across th  valuable datasets in biology. analysing abundance data in a single framework means that it beco  ch allows me to address questions about spatial scale. for example, are species that are locall
10522	14	tecting species diversity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined  ersity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined by the increased d  ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch  se through a societal-mediated changing climate. to safeguard against such loss of functioning   measurements at an appropriate temporal scale. traditional monitoring, of at best weekly-fortni   processes driving many aspects of lake function. to resolve these processes we need to hear ev  tricted to a meteorological station and temperature measurements. a few have other probes to me   project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure i  he effect of meteorology on the fate of carbon within lakes: we will track pool and flux variab   pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r  to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in   nks exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the p  ir and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wa  ate not only the value of observing the environment remotely and in detail, but the benefit fro
10752	14	tecting species diversity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined  ersity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined by the increased d  ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch  se through a societal-mediated changing climate. to safeguard against such loss of functioning   measurements at an appropriate temporal scale. traditional monitoring, of at best weekly-fortni   processes driving many aspects of lake function. to resolve these processes we need to hear ev  tricted to a meteorological station and temperature measurements. a few have other probes to me   project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure i  he effect of meteorology on the fate of carbon within lakes: we will track pool and flux variab   pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r  to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in   nks exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the p  ir and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wa  ate not only the value of observing the environment remotely and in detail, but the benefit fro
10756	14	tecting species diversity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined  ersity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined by the increased d  ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch  se through a societal-mediated changing climate. to safeguard against such loss of functioning   measurements at an appropriate temporal scale. traditional monitoring, of at best weekly-fortni   processes driving many aspects of lake function. to resolve these processes we need to hear ev  tricted to a meteorological station and temperature measurements. a few have other probes to me   project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure i  he effect of meteorology on the fate of carbon within lakes: we will track pool and flux variab   pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r  to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in   nks exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the p  ir and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wa  ate not only the value of observing the environment remotely and in detail, but the benefit fro
11807	14	tecting species diversity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined  ersity. however, the stability of these ecosystem services can be undermined by the increased d  ges in atmospheric composition and lake water balance that arise through a societal-mediated ch  se through a societal-mediated changing climate. to safeguard against such loss of functioning   measurements at an appropriate temporal scale. traditional monitoring, of at best weekly-fortni   processes driving many aspects of lake function. to resolve these processes we need to hear ev  tricted to a meteorological station and temperature measurements. a few have other probes to me   project partners, the wider scientific community and the general public. such infrastructure i  he effect of meteorology on the fate of carbon within lakes: we will track pool and flux variab   pool and flux variability of dissolved carbon dioxide over daily to seasonal time scales. by r  to define critical controls on the lake carbon cycle. dst3: the level of regional coherence in   nks exist between air and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the p  ir and surface water temperature; large-scale weather patterns such as the position of north wa  ate not only the value of observing the environment remotely and in detail, but the benefit fro
7685	5	marine ecosystems are declining at an alarming rate, especiall  ervices. an understanding of drivers of ecosystem changes, their interactions and their impacts  orcing. this tool aims to accompany the development of regional and national marine planning po  on tool will be implemented at regional scale in the western indian ocean , ecological niche an  ern indian ocean , ecological niche and connectivity models outputs under different ipcc scenar
12027	8	matically during the 20th century, with land use change becoming a major factor affecting the s  e becoming a major factor affecting the spatial heterogeneity, dynamics and decline of biodiver  ot of biodiversity, the impact of human land-use change has contrasting spatial impacts. while   impacts. while all out urbanisation and development of coastal and littoral areas has destroyed  ntinues to destroy and fragment natural habitat, the abandonment of traditional extensive agric  of local actors. the inter-disciplinary nature of the project and complementarities among work   ical mechanisms underlying biodiversity evolution and conservation in human-dominated landscape  human-dominated landscapes. second, the production of scientific principles applicable to biodi
10264	3	global warming is not the only consequence of rising levels of  he only consequence of rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. because co2 is an aci   us to define the rate and magnitude of ph change as well as study the effects on the extraordi
11369	7	positive relationships between abundance the predictions of recent models by myself an   others concerning the role of regional population dynamics, spatial structure and life-history  les. in addition i propose to extend my modelling work to consider correlated patterns of chang  ted patterns of change in occupancy and abundance in response to environmental change on an eco   occupancy and abundance in response to environmental change on an ecological time-scale, and t  ironmental change on an ecological time-scale, and to explore the use of relationships between    the use of relationships between local abundance, occupancy and total population size in asses
10075	2	ature forests, with increasing biomass, growth, and dynamics, but it is unclear what factor is   nclear what factor is accelerating tree growth and what the impacts have been on biodiversity b
11513	2	ature forests, with increasing biomass, growth, and dynamics, but it is unclear what factor is   nclear what factor is accelerating tree growth and what the impacts have been on biodiversity b
10451	2	will establish the extent to which the temperature sensitivity of p and r varies systematicall  aves that develop following a change in temperature. the knowledge gained will enable more accu
7189	11	to move towards ecologically intensive production systems, using and respecting the functions   rch is requested: 1 to provide relevant modeling methods to assess changes in the management of  agement of rural areas and agricultural production; 2 to contribute to the development of innov  ural production; 2 to contribute to the development of innovative solutions, from the plot scal   of innovative solutions, from the plot scale up an integrated natural resource management and   egrated natural resource management and production sectors to which are implementing mitigation  ction sectors to which are implementing mitigation actions. this project aims to address: inten  e stakes are high mutation; controlling nitrogen cycles, since the amounts of organic substance  ified; integrated scales, both in space model the nitrogen flows across the coastal watershed,   egrated scales, both in space model the nitrogen flows across the coastal watershed, incorporat  cs; assess the environmental impacts of production methods and landscape management
11330	4	phere-hydrosphere exchange, and provide energy for chemosynthetic ecosystems. reconstructing th  , and provide energy for chemosynthetic ecosystems. reconstructing the magmatic processes in th   a large part of the earth s crust, the recovery of intact lower oceanic crust would be a major   an unprecedented view of lower crustal evolution, from magma chamber processes and the resulti
11647	3	fication system by its application to a sediment sequence from hickling broad, a shallow, medie  ted sequence of change in the stonewort community with that which is historically documented an  ciated benefits for both the scientific community and for those charged with conserving and res
10031	2	c soils provide a major global store of carbon could provide an enhanced sink for atmospheric c  o2 sequestration within these important ecosystems.
11825	2	c soils provide a major global store of carbon could provide an enhanced sink for atmospheric c  o2 sequestration within these important ecosystems.
15165	7	n dispersal by animals is a conditional mutualism whose outcome on the behaviour of scatter-hoa  ing jay and mice and to integrate these indirect effects of predators on the analysis of the co   to integrate these indirect effects of predators on the analysis of the conditional outcome of  sis is that indirect and direct keys of predation risk around seed-bearing trees will modify se  at these changes in seed shadows due to predation risk will influence the final pattern of holm  influence the final pattern of holm oak recruitment. we will test predictions from this main hy  s induced by man-made global changes in climate and land use.
1992	6	ongoing experiment of an unprecedented scale. urban habitat confronts animals, including human  riment of an unprecedented scale. urban habitat confronts animals, including humans, with evolu  ch as a dramatically different acoustic environment. some species thrive in urban settings, oth  are less successful breeders in a noisy environment. in the proposed project, we will take an e   confounding factors in naturally noisy habitat in cities or along highways. we will measure th  be the first time for this well-studied model species.
7460	3	bserving system and thereby support the development of geoss. acobar will implement field exper  used to obtain integrated 3-d fields of temperature, transports and heat fluxes. long-range aco  ata from underwater observatories under development in esonet noe. transfer of technology and k
12747	1	oc technical expert group , including a review of literature and collation of information arisi
539	12	nd more obvious that the current global warming influences ecosystems, and particularly that it  t the current global warming influences ecosystems, and particularly that it induces some anima   lepidoptera, genus colia is taken as a model to study adaptation to climate variations. in par  taken as a model to study adaptation to climate variations. in particular, the partners in this  of natural selection related to thermal stress and to the increase in thermal stochasticity on   polymorphism of an enzyme that controls metabolism: phosphoglucose isomerase. previous studies    , and on the other hand to the general evolution of the lepidoptera. we think that a multi-dis  roach of the lepidopteras adaptation to environmental change, particularly to stochasticity and  ange, particularly to stochasticity and warming, will lead to a better understanding of the par   mechanisms which influence the current distribution and evolution of this group, which is also   influence the current distribution and evolution of this group, which is also a common bio-ind   this group, which is also a common bio-indicator for many environments.
211	6	it and evolve further in human-modified ecosystems. the project puts forward and develops an ad  that the biodiversity of human-degraded ecosystems, and their habitat quality for threatened sp  of human-degraded ecosystems, and their habitat quality for threatened species, can be signific  while providing or eliminating critical habitat-components that are pre-determined by the dynam  the dynamic adaptations of the original community or target species. the main aim is to explore  aim is to explore the variation in such habitat constraints and at least 2–3 master theses; the
6823	2	kely to be applied on a wider and wider scale. genetic transformation allows the desired gene t  ene gun is used most frequently for the development of transgenic wheat. several molecular gene
11554	6	e been described as extended phenotypic traits / extra-body characteristics that nonetheless re  ergence . however, just as conventional traits result from the interaction of genes and environ  esult from the interaction of genes and environment, so the design of animal built structures i   behaviour beneficially when faced with environmental change is described as phenotypic plastic  viour of fish is adapted to their local environment, and to what extent they can adjust pattern  ct how species introductions and global climate change are likely to affect success of individu
15015	5	because of global change due to human activities is altering biosp  ly in oceanic, coastal and inland water ecosystems, more investigation is needed to make sound   e groups . to understanding the aquatic ecosystems evolution under future scenarios of global c  to understanding the aquatic ecosystems evolution under future scenarios of global change is ba  ems evolution under future scenarios of global change is basic to known if the diverse phytopla
10709	15	nimal species are responding to current climate warming by shifting their distributions northwa  ecies are responding to current climate warming by shifting their distributions northwards. how   northwards. however, in order to track climate, species must be able to disperse through lands  gricultural landscapes. because of this habitat loss, some species are failing to shift and are  failing to shift and are lagging behind climate changes because they are unable to reach new si  se many species that are lagging behind climate are endangered species of high conservation con   were greatly reduced immediately, more warming would still occur because of inertia in the ear  occur because of inertia in the earth s climate system. thus there is a commitment to future wa  m. thus there is a commitment to future warming regardless of any mitigation, and so adaptation  ent to future warming regardless of any mitigation, and so adaptation measures are required urg  nise new sites. however, this notion of habitat creation is essentially untested, and there is   ystematic analysis of the importance of habitat availability on distribution lags in an entire   e importance of habitat availability on distribution lags in an entire group of insects use mod  els to examine the success of different habitat creation scenarios to examine which, if any, sc  ew avenue of research on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. conservation strategies
10053	23	ion that organisms are adapted to their environment is obvious, yet we can only explain how thi  occurs in extreme scenarios such as the evolution of antibiotic and pesticide resistance, heavy  e evolution of antibiotic and pesticide resistance, heavy metal tolerance, and starvation. typi  rstand how organisms adapt following an environmental change proceed by placing a population in  e proceed by placing a population in an environment to which it is poorly adapted. this stressf  ch it is poorly adapted. this stressful environment is usually extreme so as to provoke an obse  may be transferred from a nutrient-rich environment to one where a particular nutrient is nearl  on of novel mutations that increase its growth and reproduction in the new environment. theory    its growth and reproduction in the new environment. theory and experiments that use this frame  population adapts to the same stressful environment many times. however, very few environmental  n transition from one relatively stable environment to a second, drastically different, stable   a second, drastically different, stable environment. instead, environments tend to change gradu   such that most populations exist in an environment that is only slightly different from that o  tantially from a more distant ancestor. global change is an example of this, where plant popula  ions are currently exposed to levels of carbon dioxide more than twice as high as those of the   tions are adapting to a subtle shift in environment, but the environment does not hold still wh   a subtle shift in environment, but the environment does not hold still while they do it. this   orporate both the magnitude and rate of environmental change. a second consideration is that po  considers two populations in a changing environment, it is possible that one population exclude   that the populations adapt during this succession, such that both the community composition pr  ing this succession, such that both the community composition processes interact. my research u  led algae respond to different rates of environmental change, either alone or in communities. u  ne or in communities. using a microbial model system allows me to do experiments using very lar
12738	2	this project would review all the relevant landscape scale adaptation and   would review all the relevant landscape scale adaptation and conservation projects that have al
15053	6	e origin. the tinto river is an extreme environment with a constant acid ph and high concentrat  xtreme environment with a constant acid ph and high concentrations of heavy metals. these unusu  to river is one of the most interesting ecosystems for the study of the biological organization  le origin. the main part of the primary productivity in the river is direct consequence of the   currently the knowledge regarding algae community of the tinto river and their role in this eco   the tinto river and their role in this ecosystem is almost inexistent. the main objective of t
12148	8	vasive species and their impacts on the ecosystems of different complexity and reciprocal effec   impacts on the ecosystems of different complexity and reciprocal effects of these processes. w  hese processes from the organism to the ecosystem level, which could help to predict invasion o   contribute to their success; and 2 how ecosystem properties and compare it with native noble c  cted results will contribute to further development of the isotopic niche instruments in the st  ts in the study of interactions between food web structure and biology of successful invaders;   sults will be helpful in developing the indicators of good environmental status and serve as fu  yme activities-it could be used for the development of modern technologies of biocatalysis.
14629	4	in the physical characteristics of the environment, using as models two of them: adaptation to  two of them: adaptation to increases in temperature and salinity. objectives of the project are  ptation to increases in temperature and salinity. objectives of the project are: basic research   that those changes have on the primary production of these microorganisms. applicated research
11353	8	ple of a rapid evolutionary response to environmental change, which has served to educate gener  pens to genomes when they undergo rapid evolution, and also to find out whether the melanism mu   better camouflaged against visual bird predation, but in areas with high levels of atmospheric   than typica and therefore suffers less mortality. the post 1960s decline of carbonaria, coinci  y for the consequences of anthropogenic environmental change on the genetic composition of popu  ic and developmental characteristics of traits, such as melanism, which allow organisms to rapi  ich allow organisms to rapidly adapt to environmental change. last, but not least, the results   imension to the paradigmatic account of evolution in action , which has recently come under unj
13789	6	nd adapt. the capacity of organisms and ecosystems to adapt and evolve rapidly is critical to o  cal to our future reliance on essential ecosystems such as the largely unexplored marine enviro  affect marine populations, species, and ecosystems over time. we will address issues of fundame  scales relevant to current processes of global change. this programme will greatly expand our k   models with which the effects of large-scale environmental transitions on distribution and sur  arge-scale environmental transitions on distribution and survival of marine populations can be
13737	5	diversity of macroinvertebrates and the decomposition rate of leaf litter were indeed not lower  rtebrates and the decomposition rate of leaf litter were indeed not lower in acid than circumne  ps are now being tested at a nationwide scale in streams. responses in streams which are natura  ut vary in the waters levels of organic carbon and inorganic aluminium content, and in streams   would be useful, for example to support ecological functions in streams impacted by anthropogen
12067	9	ve induced a shift from natural complex ecosystems to more simple like agroecosystems. but if l   the short term, they are degrading key ecosystem services by accelerating rates of species ext  t tied the long-term functioning of the ecosystem. anthropization affects ecosystems by reducin  f the ecosystem. anthropization affects ecosystems by reducing biodiversity, by changing the la  rtificial islands, and by polluting the environment with xenobiotics. reducing the diversity of  ich are clearly detrimental to existing ecosystems and clearly poses threats to humans living c  apid and generalized degradation of the environment. the modification of the ecological niches   dict changes that will affect disturbed ecosystems in africa and south america. our project inv  ies on drosophila, which are unequalled model insect species in genetics and evolutionary biolo
2031	4	th increased temperatures due to global climate change. plants, insects and vertebrates respond  es respond differently to the increased temperature so organisms become mistimed to their food   th the predicted rates of change in the environment. from this, we will calculate the maximal r  , we will calculate the maximal rate of environmental change that species can cope with. more s
2491	4	n norway, through land use planning and nature management, to take or to order necessary measur  na which are due to extreme weather and climate change, and are the rules adequate to effective  ious possibilities in light of economic efficiency theories and apply methods of law-and-econom  interdisciplinary project responding to climate change: the potential of and limits to adaptati
12399	8	into the socio-economic consequences of climate change in the marine environment. it will inves  quences of climate change in the marine environment. it will investigate the extent to which fo  es and legislation are robust to future climate change, and it will explore decadal-scale varia  ate change, and it will explore decadal-scale variations in climate change that might mask the   ill explore decadal-scale variations in climate change that might mask the overall warming tren  mate change that might mask the overall warming trend of coastal waters over the next 20 to 30   n fisheries policy are robust to future environmental change and whether indicators and referen  future environmental change and whether indicators and reference points of ‘good environmental
6875	5	lise and prove the classical picture of competition theory in a well-defined sense: limiting si  e should be posed for the whole area of distribution and for the long time-scale, instead of lo  a of distribution and for the long time-scale, instead of locally in space and time. on this sp  quilibrium ecology studied on the right scale, the limiting similarity structure of niche segre  the evolutionarily meaningful notion of competition within/for a niche regains validity. in rel
13839	4	rify if a population has certain unique traits, i.e. being adapted to its local environment. su  traits, i.e. being adapted to its local environment. such knowledge is essential in fisheries m   difficult to study local adaptation in nature. in order to study whether local populations of   ally based differences in morphological traits have evolved mainly a neutral manner. there is t
13780	3	e integrated with analyses of oxidative stress and biological ageing, and telomere length is ev  gth is evaluated as a molecular fitness indicator in fish. we use brown trout and coho salmon a  . we use brown trout and coho salmon as model species to address the following aims: . the work
15364	15	intensity of drought events related to climate change have been associated to important change  t changes in composition, structure and distribution of forest ecosystems worldwide, by means o  n, structure and distribution of forest ecosystems worldwide, by means of increasing mortality   stems worldwide, by means of increasing mortality patterns. in spite of the importance of these  f these processes in relation to global climate and ecosystem services stability, teher are no   esses in relation to global climate and ecosystem services stability, teher are no reliable pro  o global climate and ecosystem services stability, teher are no reliable projections on the nea  rojections on the near future of forest ecosystems under probable global change scenarios, due   ure of forest ecosystems under probable global change scenarios, due to scientific uncertaintie  gical mechanisms underlying survival or mortality of trees under water stress. the incresases i  vival or mortality of trees under water stress. the incresases in temperature and frequency of   s under water stress. the incresases in temperature and frequency of droguht events might promo  d , thus, under similar levels of water stress; iii, the effect of managing irradiance and wate  eal the modulation exerted by the light environment on water share; and iv, the use of forest g   forest under different managements and climate change scenarios in order to develop a manageme
15332	3	utflow tract is strongly related to the development of the lungs and, in particular, with the d   the lungs and, in particular, with the development of the laryngotracheal groove and the forma  hogenetic processes that operate in the development of outflow tract of the vertebrate heart in
13817	4	he genetics of phenotypic plasticity in life history in the frog population by testing a recent  the frog population by testing a recent model on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. phenot  lation by testing a recent model on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. phenotypic plastici  henotypes in response to changes in the environment. information on phenotypic plasticity is im
11120	1	their immunological response, parasite-resistance, health, behaviour, reproduction and surviva
14668	1	idea is to load the furcula in order to model its spring behaviour during flight that has been
10435	1	e had limited success in explaining the distribution of subordinate reproduction within or acro
9952	4	hysiological mechanisms controlling the distribution of reproduction among females and the degr  of central importance in explaining the evolution of cooperation, the reproductive strategies o  ctive strategies of individuals and the population dynamics of cooperative breeders. however, a  ot yet been possible to account for the distribution of subordinate breeding either between or
15514	6	environmental change across a wide range of temporal an  rcumstances are local adaptation and/or migration. current and future species responses to pred  -wide patterns and interactions between environmental change, demography and evolution taking p  en environmental change, demography and evolution taking place in the past is essential for dev  redicted increase in aridity and recent land-use change in this area. it is thus of great inter   they are ecologically dominant in many ecosystems and, at the same time, many of them are also
15515	6	environmental change across a wide range of temporal an  rcumstances are local adaptation and/or migration. current and future species responses to pred  -wide patterns and interactions between environmental change, demography and evolution taking p  en environmental change, demography and evolution taking place in the past is essential for dev  redicted increase in aridity and recent land-use change in this area. it is thus of great inter   they are ecologically dominant in many ecosystems and, at the same time, many of them are also
11615	2	d ecologically significant quantitative traits. specifically, we will: examine the role of dete  ifferences with variation in phenotypic traits using a matrix correspondence analysis.
10753	5	world s upper ocean supersaturated with methane we know that it is, but do not understand why.   y. evidence shows that a portion of the methane comes from in situ production in oxygenated wat  rtion of the methane comes from in situ production in oxygenated waters, however that seems to    phenomenon has been termed the oceanic methane paradox . if, however, there were anaerobic mic  y we hope to start to unravel the ocean methane paradox.
9871	5	world s upper ocean supersaturated with methane we know that it is, but do not understand why.   y. evidence shows that a portion of the methane comes from in situ production in oxygenated wat  rtion of the methane comes from in situ production in oxygenated waters, however that seems to    phenomenon has been termed the oceanic methane paradox . if, however, there were anaerobic mic  y we hope to start to unravel the ocean methane paradox.
11737	4	they come up to the surface, measuring temperature and salinity as they go, and telemeter thei   the surface, measuring temperature and salinity as they go, and telemeter their location and t  and antarctic slope front. a section of temperature and salinity across these flows will indica  ope front. a section of temperature and salinity across these flows will indicate their locatio
14367	7	ity based on airborne hyperspectral and lidar data. the complex nature of hyperspectral data se  perspectral and lidar data. the complex nature of hyperspectral data sets urge producers to set  , such as forests which have pronounced vegetation structures, are affecting the captured hyper  s composition, and stand diversity from remote sensing data. - a successful airborne flight cam  r scanning with high quality imagery. - optimization the structure of the hyperspectral imagery  vity to errors in the input data. - the evaluation of the cost-benefit of combining airborne hy  borne hyperspectral with laser scanning remote sensing data for deriving forest thematic output
13608	9	he impact and significance of molecular-scale processes, such as biochemically induced weatheri  teria-fungi-tree interactions, on macro-scale processes, such as nutrient cycling in forest soi  trient cycling in forest soils and tree growth. bacteria that enhance mycorrhiza formation and   ude their ability to mobilize important nutrients from solution and minerals, promote mycorrhiz  promote mycorrhizae formation and plant growth, and produce extraordinarily strong complex form  solution as part of bacteria-fungi-tree symbiosis. an increased knowledge regarding the product  s. an increased knowledge regarding the production of important ligands from mhb-fungi-tree int  inable, environmentally-friendly forest-ecosystem development.   vironmentally-friendly forest-ecosystem development.
15303	1	hanges occurred during the craniofacial development, at intraspecific level, which may generate
13979	2	e recommendations to uncertainty around model assumptions. this project will determine the best   account woodpecker population ecology, habitat requirements, environmental variability and unc
7451	6	ing at sea during their oceanic feeding migration. the specific reasons for the decline in this  nt species are as yet unknown, however, climate change is likely to be an important factor. in   patial and ecological use of the marine environment by different regional and river stocks, whi  h are known to show variation in marine growth, condition, and survival. salmon populations may   advancing our understanding of oceanic-scale, ecological and ecosystem processes. such knowled  anding of oceanic-scale, ecological and ecosystem processes. such knowledge is fundamental to t
6843	6	n arable fields. major functions in the ecosystem forest such as productions, nutrient recyclin  ng are controlled by the rates at which nutrients are released by decomposition in the soil and  ates at which nutrients are released by decomposition in the soil and litter horizont. the deco  on in the soil and litter horizont. the decomposition process drives complex food webs with the  he decomposition process drives complex food webs with the soil fauna. collembola are ubiquitou  are meter. their major diet is decaying vegetation and associated microbes. knowledge of long–t
10688	2	by nutritional conditions during early development. we will combine the organismal fitness mea  he latter include measures of oxidative stress.
10443	7	mental role in the social structure and population dynamics of animals. while data from a range  llows us to explore the consequences of life history responses to temporal changes in the envir  ry responses to temporal changes in the environment in a population dynamics context. as a resu  emporal changes in the environment in a population dynamics context. as a result, our research   arch will provide general insights into life history and aging theory, an understanding of how   ow individual life histories respond to environmental change, and a theoretical framework for l  or linking individual life histories to population dynamics.
10177	1	ill allow us to test the chronology and nature of the change. this has major implications for t
7051	7	effects of agricultural change on this ecosystem service, however, are not universal and the m  etween pests and their natural enemies, food web analysis provides a versatile tool to address   oposed project will utilize a molecular food web approach and examine, for the first time, how   es in plant fertilisation and landscape complexity affect quantitative aphid-parasitoid-hyperpa  tative aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs on a species-specific level to unravel how ch  pecific level to unravel how changes in food web interactions affect parasitoid aphid control.   lization affects whole aphid-parasitoid food webs in both simple and complex landscapes, allowi
11821	6	oke free from the limits imposed by the environment and learnt how to shape the environment to   environment and learnt how to shape the environment to their own ends. agriculture also had far  n society, the improved methods of food production eventually resulting in rapid population gro  ventually resulting in rapid population growth and the development of complex civilisations suc  ting in rapid population growth and the development of complex civilisations such as those of c   to the cultivated plants, and what the nature of the relationship is in each case.
7436	1	assess fococa 1. the functionality of a habitat with two biomarkers: vipera berus and the crick
10639	10	calling for geo-engineering methods of carbon capture and sequestration . it brings together c  ectiveness of a land-use advocated as a climate change mitigation strategy. the project will sh   land-use advocated as a climate change mitigation strategy. the project will show if biochar s  k soils is likely to lead to successful carbon sequestration and the consequences for the stabi  uestration and the consequences for the stability of soil communities and the functions they un  e society to respond urgently to global climate change by providing timely evidence-based recom  endations to policy makers charged with climate change adaptation and mitigation. moreover this  rged with climate change adaptation and mitigation. moreover this work will contribute to the n  erstand the role of biodiversity in key ecosystem processes by studying the response of soil bi  onsequences for the cycling of chemical nutrients.
7430	1	of techniques that allow a less greedy production in petroleum products. this thinking led in
7190	4	pean parliament and the grenelle of the environment in 2007. the inclusion of this new social i  y, ie enhance the functionality of agro-ecosystems while maintaining adequate production levels  o-ecosystems while maintaining adequate production levels and ensuring the economic viability o  contribute to the current debate on the evolution towards a productive and sustainable agricult
7417	4	l for agroforestry systems. the overall productivity of land and grain quality are improved. pl   cultured medium, through the trees and vegetation of the uncultivated strip, is it purveyor of  stry grain of the hérault. research and development partners ensure a participatory and collabo  osals for concrete improvements for the development of biodiversity within agroforestry plots c
7111	5	actions between landscape structure and production and maintenance practices; 2 / the ability o  epends, in large part, to their type of production system and the configuration of their operat  territory, with a limited investment in mapping and analysis of the flora in the second site. t  argins. in perspective, we consider the development of diagnostic methods for environmental man  sessment methods of field margins using indicators
7413	2	reenway proposed by the grenelle of the environment, to regain biodiversity champenoise plain c  ivam of the oasis agriculture and rural development association hopes to allow crossing of the
7703	17	y the mechanisms of interaction between nitrogen metabolism and plant defense mechanisms, choos  hanisms of interaction between nitrogen metabolism and plant defense mechanisms, choosing the m   plant defense mechanisms, choosing the model plant for cereals, rice, wheat base with the gree  eat base with the green revolution, and model fungus magnaporthe grisea agent most important di  cessary for a sustainable and effective resistance management. this interaction will be studied  enes for expression studies involved in nitrogen metabolism and those involved in the defense m  expression studies involved in nitrogen metabolism and those involved in the defense mechanisms  he field, modulation of the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism will be obtained by different cultu   modulation of the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism will be obtained by different culture system  udied in these systems. the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism will be measured globally by conven  these systems. the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism will be measured globally by conventional ch  echanisms that modify the expression of resistance in the field. furthermore analysis of geneti  d the work of genetic expression of the resistance will reinforce knowledge about the mechanism   provide useful markers for the further development of varietal improvement for these ecologica  rietal improvement for these ecological intensification systems. we propose to measure the effe  se to measure the effects of ecological intensification systems that are the direct seeding on   ing on plant cover on the expression of resistance to rice m. grisea and identify the mechanism
523	3	rsity depends, for a major part, on the production system and the landscape configuration of th  e grove: ecological system in which the growth is controlled both by landscape structures and b  se, we have developed methods, based on indicators, to assess the biodiversity of field borders
13310	6	estrial and freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem functioning alarm will develop and test metho  d protocols for the assessment of large-scale environmental risks in order to minimise negative  anges in biodiversity and in structure, function, and dynamics of ecosystems. this relates to e  in structure, function, and dynamics of ecosystems. this relates to ecosystem services and incl  dynamics of ecosystems. this relates to ecosystem services and includes the relationship betwee  sity. in particular, risks arising from climate change, environmental chemicals, biological inv
15187	8	rvation, since they have a high species richness, contain several endemic species and other one  ed as bioindicators of the increases of sedimentation rates in disturbed environments. the sedi  on rates in disturbed environments. the sedimentation influences the structure of benthic marin  l reefs and subtidal habitats with high sedimentation rates related with human activities. neve  rfs from sand-rocky habitats, where the sedimentation is naturally high. the present project en  adiella melanoidea; b assessment of the sedimentation effects on the structure of benthic marin  intertidal rocky shores; c study of the spatial variability of the algal turfs composition; d s  species composition of algal trufs, the sediment granulometry and the wave exposure. samplings
13593	13	s. in this project, we will explore the trophic interactions between three introduced seaweed s  d on the effects of invading species on ecosystem processes. firstly, we will test the hypothes  urces to defence and relatively less to growth compared to plants from the native range, by gro  arden experiment. secondly, we will use mesocosm experiments and coupled field experiments to e   of such a difference for two important ecosystem processes: community-level primary production   for two important ecosystem processes: community-level primary production and the transfer of   stem processes: community-level primary production and the transfer of energy to the next troph   primary production and the transfer of energy to the next trophic level. since invasions often  t also the more general hypothesis that community diversity affects production and consumption.  thesis that community diversity affects production and consumption. we expect that the project   that the project will contribute to the development of tools for predicting invasion success an  ols for predicting invasion success and ecosystem effects of invasions, apart from elucidating   duced macroalgae on the swedish coastal ecosystem.
2522	1	ction routes, establishment, population development of pacific oyster and its effects on native
14416	1	their effect on native biodiversity and ecosystems. two main factors suggesting that bulgarian
12016	4	cesses involved in invasions of insular ecosystems. the biodiversity and the threats upon it ar  nvaded communities, taking the rat as a model species in 7 french island groups. by simultaneou   and more complete understanding of the complexity of the impacts of invasive species when intr  en introduced to or removed from island ecosystems. apart from its scientific outputs, this pro
13743	5	hat alien plants can replace natives by competition for space and nutrients. however, although   ce natives by competition for space and nutrients. however, although pollination is vital for r  pollination network will be mapped in a habitat that harbours a large amount of alien plant spe  ons occupied, interaction strengths and abundance of the alien plants will allow estimations of   facilitative interactions in their new environment is of importance for our understanding of b
7574	6	allelic diversity of genes involved in resistance to rice yellow mottle virus and evaluate rel  e virus and evaluate relations with the resistance to well-characterized strains of rymv. two f  lain the very high strength and partial resistance, will be given priority. allelic sequencing   ll be conducted in conjunction with the resistance level evaluated against a range of viral iso   against a range of viral isolates. the stability of certain sources of resistance and the adap  es. the stability of certain sources of resistance and the adaptability of the virus will then
10823	2	of juvenile sea turtles revealing their migration patterns and habitat utilisation and identify   revealing their migration patterns and habitat utilisation and identifying hotspots where inte
14103	2	ponsibility communities in all-european scale, having a great importance for preserving biodive  a almost on the northern limit of their distribution area. the main aims of the project are: ha
13311	1	this network of excellence model. this framework will ensure that research contrib
14510	1	is to produce heterogeneous seeds. this heterogeneity can affect not only colour, size, and sha
12355	1	se - why is the r&d needed the food and environment protection act of defra and samples for ana
12709	5	dentify opportunities for coupling semi-habitat restoration with recreation and tourism. biodiv  rnment makes significant investments in habitat restoration through farming schemes, which are   ugh farming schemes, which are by their nature, short-term and dispersed. larger, longer-term r  more secure in the face of the changing climate. studies of re-wilding, for, have generally ide  uk. however, managed landscapes of high nature value, such as the new forest or norfolk broads
11067	9	climate has often been identified as the main determina   main determinant of species ranges, so climate change is expected to cause changes in species   butions. recent research has identified climate-induced shifts in the altitudinal and latitudin  ifts in the altitudinal and latitudinal distribution of a variety of taxa; however the interact  the extinction of species at a regional scale. although species are likely to respond individua  s are likely to respond individually to climate change, the overall consequences of these chang  derstanding of the potential effects of climate change on regional and global biodiversity. thi  s would be expected given the amount of warming that has taken place, and whether these changes  fts for both local and regional species richness.
9965	9	climate has often been identified as the main determina   main determinant of species ranges, so climate change is expected to cause changes in species   butions. recent research has identified climate-induced shifts in the altitudinal and latitudin  ifts in the altitudinal and latitudinal distribution of a variety of taxa; however the interact  the extinction of species at a regional scale. although species are likely to respond individua  s are likely to respond individually to climate change, the overall consequences of these chang  derstanding of the potential effects of climate change on regional and global biodiversity. thi  s would be expected given the amount of warming that has taken place, and whether these changes  fts for both local and regional species richness.
12037	16	scapes. socio economic determinants and production of ecosystem goods and services. in the amaz  economic determinants and production of ecosystem goods and services. in the amazonian arc of d  nt. furthermore, people who live on the mining exploitation of one of the richest natural resou  to public health, education, formation, energy or transport facilities. the amaz project aimed   correct the strongly negative impact on environment while allowing economic and social developm  ment while allowing economic and social development. the project considered a wide range of sit  ndscapes, biodiversity, productions and ecosystem services provided by soils, tested for signif  sity, agrosylvopastoral productions and ecosystem services, no attempt had been made so far to   work on an interdisciplinary conceptual model and created an indicator of eco efficiency that m  plinary conceptual model and created an indicator of eco efficiency that measures the socioecon  l model and created an indicator of eco efficiency that measures the socioeconomic and environm  s affect biodiversity, the provision of ecosystem goods and services and calculate correspondin  nage landscape and biodiversity and the ecosystem goods and services that they provide. eco eff  ods and services that they provide. eco efficiency indices were 4 times larger in agroforestry   owest ranking. impact on local economic development and environmental conservation is thus meas  y to halt deforestation and allow local development.
10527	8	rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und  ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment.   natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f  ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect  iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
10774	8	rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und  ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment.   natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f  ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect  iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11051	8	rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und  ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment.   natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f  ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect  iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11574	8	rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und  ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment.   natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f  ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect  iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11816	8	rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und  ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment.   natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f  ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect  iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11817	8	rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und  ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment.   natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f  ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect  iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11820	8	rgest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. they are und  ation of natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment.   natural resources. they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these f  ming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. these factors have the potential to affect  iple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. we  rly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the under  he underlying processes and their large-scale effect. the project will also provide much improv  of the response of the amazon to future climate change.
11235	11	s for a 6 month partnership and project development catalyst project to build an interdisciplin  guardians of some of the most important ecosystems of the planet. amazonia is one of earth s mo  mazonia is one of earth s most precious ecosystems. as the amazonian forest reaches the andes i  e: the yungas . these two sister forest ecosystems are amongst the most biodiverse regions of t  her, across these four countries, these ecosystems span more than 6 million square kilometers,   e world with some of its most important ecosystem services in terms of forest and food resource  cines, rainfall regulation and a global carbon sink. internationally, there is an urgent need t  nities directly dependent on biodiverse ecosystems. the need is especially urgent in this fragi   deforestation, resource extraction and climate change. this proposal is for a 6-month grant to  f awarded, we place a major emphasis on development of partners who will support and guide the   d well-being specific objectives: a. to review existing evidence on links of biodiversity and i
10573	13	s of greenhouse gas exchange from these ecosystems, as attention has largely focussed on fluxes  nvironments are likely to change due to climate forcing or anthropogenic intervention. we propo  some of the first pilot measurements of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from amazonian peatlan  gin exploring the significance of these ecosystems for regional and global atmospheric budgets.  h will help us to better understand how methane and nitrous oxide fluxes are influenced by ecol  to predict the likely outcome of future environmental change or human disturbance, and will be   turbance, and will be useful for future modelling efforts. this research is important and timel  opical peatlands for current and future climate change. the need for studies like this are part  zon basin, because of the rapid pace of development and land use change, which may trigger enha  se of the rapid pace of development and land use change, which may trigger enhanced carbon loss   use change, which may trigger enhanced carbon losses, greenhouse gas emissions and habitat deg  on losses, greenhouse gas emissions and habitat degradation, all of which may act as a positive  which may act as a positive feedback to climate change.
2204	3	is to give these two wps data to start modelling risk and economy already at an early stage of  rom this work can then be utilised when modelling the effects on the organism groups of the oth  idemiology of the plague. an ecological model that also incorporates human activities and behav
11186	8	urce of information about past tropical climate, in particular as they appear to act as a bell-  ear to act as a bell-weather for global warming. in 1998, an estimated 16% of the world s tropi  pread bleaching during 2002. the annual growth bands in coral can be used to reconstructed temp  s in coral can be used to reconstructed temperature, salinity, ocean circulation, river runoff   n be used to reconstructed temperature, salinity, ocean circulation, river runoff and sediment   ty, ocean circulation, river runoff and sediment discharge over a colony s lifetime. in massive   behaviour of high-frequency short-term climate fluctuations such as el niño. even more intrigu  l to understanding the impact of future climate change and preparing management strategies for
10869	2	principally to ammonia released during decomposition of excreta and use the measurements to pr   to what extent this might affect their growth. this project is a contribution to antarctica ne
14782	2	sthobranch molluscs with a wide ranging distribution within the iberian-balerian-macranesian re  ain and portugal and of its biology and distribution. to attain these objectives we will undert
12051	8	s for the processes of reproduction and growth of juvenile stages. they are determinant for bio  versity conservation purposes. as their efficiency for fisheries management is stil questionabl  ical, ecological, economical and social indicators for an ecosystem approach for fisheries, to   economical and social indicators for an ecosystem approach for fisheries, to test the efficienc  tem approach for fisheries, to test the efficiency of mpas and to assess the economical activit  dynamic, bio-economical and multiagents modelling, to define the decision making mechanisms whi  network of mpas. the calibration of the indicators will be done by analysis of historical datab   analysis of historical databases . the efficiency, the study of the decision making process an
15445	3	g to 1 kg. regarding their geographical distribution, different species can be found from the b  u to tierra del fuego. given this large distribution, the representative of the genus must dig   ible morphology and neurocranium suture complexity, using geometrics morphometrics and fractal
12479	19	estimate the benefits derived from the ecosystem services provided by the terrestrial ecosyste  em services provided by the terrestrial ecosystems of england, such as woodlands, rural landsca  rural landscapes, rivers and moorlands. ecosystem services are the processes by which the natur   are the processes by which the natural environment produces resources that are useful to peopl  indeed, at a fundamental level, natural ecosystems perform critical life-support services upon    upon which human civilization depends. ecosystem services provide us with economic benefits in  vice provided by a coastal dune system. ecosystems also contain biodiversity discussed the role  tain biodiversity discussed the role of ecosystems at a global level. the current study will sp  specifically concentrate on terrestrial ecosystems in england and will calculate the value of e  england and will calculate the value of ecosystem services at regional and national levels. res  ational levels. results will inform the development of an ‘integrated policy framework which wi  livery of defras vision for the natural environment. this vision is of a diverse, healthy and r   diverse, healthy and resilient natural environment, which provides the basis for our survival,   carried out in phase 1 of the national environment programme, which included a significant amo  icant amount of work in identifying the ecosystem services involved, assessing the key issues a  to the context of england’s terrestrial ecosystems. it will employ a consultative approach, inv  gnitude of each service in each type of ecosystem. stage 2 will use the framework developed abo  ions. a gap analysis will highlight any ecosystem services that could not be valued and will id  lp us to better understand the value of ecosystems and the goods and services they provide us w
11861	1	nisations, including nerc s living with environmental change programme. it is also likely to be
12241	6	nding it is unlikely that another large-scale experimental program could be financed, so it is    an improved understanding of how added nutrients influence plant growth and development and cr   of how added nutrients influence plant growth and development and crop quality, and will ensur  ed nutrients influence plant growth and development and crop quality, and will ensure better ta  nd will ensure better targeting of such nutrients. it will also assist with developing best pra   resources and helping to safeguard the environment by optimising fertiliser inputs to farming
12672	3	to provide a literature review of techniques assessing the importance of biodiv   importance of biodiversity and related ecosystem services in developing countries, focusing on  ummarise the findings of the literature review to broaden understanding of the importance of bi
10444	4	ange estimates, efficacy of determining habitat use, cost-effectiveness. our ultimate goal is t  e goal is to advance our studies on the evolution of group living in carnivores by collecting d  l care benefits, levels of interference competition and the cost-benefit trade-off between nata  spersal. we will then use these data to model the benefits of group living in foxes under diffe
11576	5	focus for research into the effects of climate change on weather, climate, water resources, ag  e effects of climate change on weather, climate, water resources, agriculture and ecosystem fun  imate, water resources, agriculture and ecosystem function. the evaporative water loss from can  urface can be specified. using a simple modelling approach this wetness is determined by the di  pies in relation to their corresponding climate and water budget constraints.
10650	16	ns store as much as one-third of global soil carbon and represent a highly important global car  and represent a highly important global carbon dioxide sink, with an amount of stored carbon re   dioxide sink, with an amount of stored carbon representing 25-50% of current levels of atmosph   their ability to continue to sequester carbon dioxide and their botanical composition under fu  tanical composition under future global warming scenarios is uncertain, but research into their  ut research into their ability to store carbon during former periods of climate change can prov  o store carbon during former periods of climate change can provide clues to their potential fut   been shown that changes in the rate of carbon accumulation during the medieval warm period and  l to reconstruct the local peat forming vegetation when investigating long-term records of carb  when investigating long-term records of carbon accumulation, but this, unfortunately is not alw  and other boreal and subarctic peatland ecosystems. given this, there is a pressing need to dev  its which contain millennial records of carbon accumulation rate changes, and in this way recon  the spatial and temporal variability of carbon sequestration. this research seeks to redress th   reconstruct the potential former local vegetation of a blanket peat sample of imperfectly know  og deposits contain detailed records of carbon sequestration rate changes, and also provide pro  on rate changes, and also provide proxy-climate data and long-term ecological records to inform
12327	1	an evaluation of the relative difficulty encountered by up
10342	3	known . predicted outcomes include: the development of simulation software for use by biogeogra   more rigorous testing of hypotheses of global change and earth-life co-evolution.   eses of global change and earth-life co-evolution.
10079	5	r-mediated gene flow. the comprehensive model of cresswell et al. encapsulates key elements of   ic structure of many plant species. the model can be applied to insect-pollinated crops and so    a preliminary experimental test of the model yielded only partial success, however. i therefor  mme of experiments to evaluate both the model and three previously unstudied pollination proces  ct the accuracy of its predictions. the evaluation is critical in developing a full understandi
10041	4	gments in feathers and bills, and these traits feature prominently in research on sexual select   and mate quality to potential mates or dominance and fighting ability to competitive rivals. c  nsively studied; carotenoid content and metabolism have been studied in many species; and a rob  re the genetic mechanisms of carotenoid metabolism and deposition, and are the mechanisms the s
152	5	test them on data sets. 6. testing and evaluation of the models saved in the information syste   7. re-measuring of the permanent stand growth sample plot network covering all of estonia. 8.   lot network covering all of estonia. 8. development of a database for forest growth functions.   8. development of a database for forest growth functions. 9. research on the theoretical aspect  ch on the theoretical aspects of forest modelling and statistical analysis.
10901	2	ompound specific 15n analysis for total nitrogen analysis. in both cases the capability for 13c  nation will take place through the nerc community and beyond. commercial exploitation will be u
13799	3	areas for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning in the central parts of the stock  se land uses influence biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of nup and surrounding habitats.   ing habitats. habitats analyzed include nature reserves, dispersal corridors in green wedges, c
7689	11	s demand. the objective is to provide a mapping tool that models the interactions between socia  omic and landscape that can support the development of interdisciplinary research and managemen  linary research and management choices. modeling morphological and geographical components of t  rrigation channels in the landscape and vegetation will be analyzed in terms of ecological and    the economic analysis of landscape and ecological services provided by the channels will forma  alize their value and possible forms of recovery. the sociological approach will seek to identi  . from the data collected and generated mapping, we show how the irrigation canals can foster c  ow how the irrigation canals can foster connectivity between farmland and ecological value area  e ecological role that they play in the production of environmentally and socially valued lands  the mediterranean region. knowledge and development of this dynamic plant on the outskirts of i   such as the role that they play in the production of landscapes raises questions about how the
14848	5	the aquatic ecosystems of the central plateau are included in one o  f the biological, ecological and social complexity present in this region, one of the bases for  to determine priorities and found those ecosystems in which is convenient to focus the conserva  tive which reach a broader study of the complexity of these situations. to do it, this project   tion of the aquatic habitats by mean of development and application of the accurate index of bi
11726	5	ntly begun the first study of fluxes of energy, water and co2 over a mangrove forest using the    and dry seasons. canopy- and component-scale measurements will be integrated within a state-of  be integrated within a state-of-the-art modelling framework, leading the first mechanistic unde  hanistic understanding of the fluxes of energy and mass in a mangrove ecosystem. this is an opp  fluxes of energy and mass in a mangrove ecosystem. this is an opportunity to understand a key f
15017	2	ch, it will be investigated whether the distribution, size and spectral characteristics of the   f the colored plumage patches of a bird community maximizes conspicuosness toward intended rece
10052	8	ese materials will be released into the environment, especially from domestic use, and that the  unities play important roles in aquatic food webs, and are vital to the integrity and normal nu   integrity and normal nutrient cycling, stability, and functional geochemistry of sediments. in  nts, and chemical factors such as water ph or salinity will be monitored. the project brings to  nd chemical factors such as water ph or salinity will be monitored. the project brings together   brings together expertise on bacteria, sediment/metal chemistry, and the ecotoxicology of nano  f microbial diversity during controlled sediment and water exposures to silver and tio2 nps in   lso be harmful to microorganisms in the environment.
12703	5	nd land management decisions concerning climate change and protected sites, and considerations   rations towards managing adaptation and mitigation needs . the project requires the use of clim  needs . the project requires the use of climate projections , which is reviewing data sets, inc  r evidence of signals of the effects of climate change. there is also a project that is assessi  roject that is assessing the impacts of climate change on ornithological interest of uk special
1085	7	the invasion of mediterranean sand dune ecosystems by alien plants. the current project aims to   information regarding their geographic distribution. to this scope, the data base will be inte  the data base will be integrated with a gis software in order to produce a cartographic represe  nd alien species in the different plant community types growing on coastal dunes. furthermore,   ats. the study of the morphological and functional traits will be carried out for all sampled s  issen et al. . finally, the analysis of plant functional types together with the analysis of bi  sses currently in progress in sand dune ecosystems.
14569	2	il features. studies on its genetic and functional diversity would enable a more rational selec  oorganisms to the functioning of forest ecosystems. .
10232	14	ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come  uthern boundaries are also sensitive to climate is equivocal. we will analyse existing data set  t southern range margins in relation to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability   to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new f  e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode  dynamics. using new field data, we will model relationships between current distribution, habit  ill model relationships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with  tionships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical cl  tween current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical climate and di  limate, and test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relat  test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relate species th  elate species thermal ecology to recent distribution changes, and then use our models to predic  hen use our models to predict potential distribution changes under alternative future climate c  bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.
10498	14	ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come  uthern boundaries are also sensitive to climate is equivocal. we will analyse existing data set  t southern range margins in relation to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability   to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new f  e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode  dynamics. using new field data, we will model relationships between current distribution, habit  ill model relationships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with  tionships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical cl  tween current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical climate and di  limate, and test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relat  test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relate species th  elate species thermal ecology to recent distribution changes, and then use our models to predic  hen use our models to predict potential distribution changes under alternative future climate c  bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.
11512	14	ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come  uthern boundaries are also sensitive to climate is equivocal. we will analyse existing data set  t southern range margins in relation to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability   to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new f  e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode  dynamics. using new field data, we will model relationships between current distribution, habit  ill model relationships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with  tionships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical cl  tween current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical climate and di  limate, and test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relat  test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relate species th  elate species thermal ecology to recent distribution changes, and then use our models to predic  hen use our models to predict potential distribution changes under alternative future climate c  bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.
11613	14	ft their ranges to keep track of future climate changes. most supporting evidence for this come  uthern boundaries are also sensitive to climate is equivocal. we will analyse existing data set  t southern range margins in relation to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability   to climate, and analyse the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new f  e the effects of climate variability on population dynamics. using new field data, we will mode  dynamics. using new field data, we will model relationships between current distribution, habit  ill model relationships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with  tionships between current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical cl  tween current distribution, habitat and climate, and test models with historical climate and di  limate, and test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relat  test models with historical climate and distribution data. we will attempt to relate species th  elate species thermal ecology to recent distribution changes, and then use our models to predic  hen use our models to predict potential distribution changes under alternative future climate c  bution changes under alternative future climate change scenarios.
15172	3	relationships between phylogenetic and functional diversity of am fungi associated to the targ  versity in planta and to facilitate the succession of the different am fungi. this biotechnolog  fferent am fungi. this biotechnological development would be based on the use of the methodolog
10721	3	wever, recent results indicate that the evolution of this differential use of genes is incomple  e genes that cause antagonism, or their function in the organism or how they evolve. this proje  ally, we will study the patterns of dna evolution of loci involved in antagonism in order ident
7380	1	real situations and mobilizes deducted indicators molecular typing, genealogies or genetic eva
7596	1	taining the gene i, head of sustainable resistance to nematodes, has been cloned and sequenced
10960	2	recorder , a more robust picture of the distribution of the key taxa and the plankton community  bution of the key taxa and the plankton community structure will be possible.
6923	2	host plant cells resulting in tumorous growth. the transfer of bacterial dna from the bacteriu  ar breeding since they may increase the efficiency grapevine transformation. on the other hand,
14536	2	eport of 2002, the committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology, r   definition in bacteriology, recommends evaluation of multilocus gene sequence analysis for its
7529	1	alculation of the coordinates in cielab scale, chromosomal enumeration clones, interspecific hy
15173	4	ntages, since it is a diploid amphibian model for which a lot of methodological tools have been  fferentiated ovaries . finally, gonadal development we will be studied using two approaches. on  ges that take place in the gonad during development will allow us to establish the role of thos   differential expression during gonadal development in x. tropicalis using microarrays. the ana
12517	1	after rapid growth, the area of organically farmed land has remaine
15038	14	cal invasions are important elements of global change, representing the second threaten for ear  ine and even collapse of several marine ecosystems. seaweeds represent an important component o  ese species mean a high risk for marine ecosystems, as seaweeds may function as ecosystem engin   for marine ecosystems, as seaweeds may function as ecosystem engineers, being able to change t  ecosystems, as seaweeds may function as ecosystem engineers, being able to change their structu  eing able to change their structure and function, monopolizing the space and altering trophic n  tors or factors related to the receiver community, such as its species richness, conservation d  receiver community, such as its species richness, conservation degree or resources availability   have evolutionary consequences for the ecosystems, further than the direct impacts by the inva   species composition, and structure and production of the communities, which until now has only  roposed: prediction based in biological distribution models. these predictive studies allow the  els. these predictive studies allow the development of early detection systems to estimate the   and in new climatic scenarios of global warming, identifying special sensitive regions to invas  questions will be faced, considering as model the invasion of the red seaweed asparagopsis taxi
14705	1	deferential components in our winemaker production. in the other hand, to know the genetic dive
7532	1	l be calculated by using the methods of classification distances nei, cavalli - sforza and reyn
15143	7	nowadays, habitat destruction and fragmentation are major threats  on. in agricultural landscapes, loss of habitat diversity and complexity, at different spatial   ndscapes, loss of habitat diversity and complexity, at different spatial scales, is also a crit  ting for a major decrease of biological richness. a great amount of european diversity is maint  ome urgent to know the effects that the habitat structure of agricultural landscapes has on its  ce that small fragments of semi-natural habitat have as biological corridors, allowing to estab  ndscape design and the proposal of agri-environment schemes.
7371	1	the formation of crossing- overs at the scale of a rapeseed variety collection
158	1	ses by switching them on and off in the model.
14862	4	et and they exert in many cases crucial ecological functions as principal components of the ben  by the unreliability of many anatomical traits currently used as species-diagnostic characters   ficids, and morphology, ultrastructure, distribution and function of various external ciliated   ology, ultrastructure, distribution and function of various external ciliated sensory organs pr
10068	2	er these lineages have responded to the evolution of their hosts in the same way. some kinds of  standing of the factors involved in the evolution of host-parasite assemblages.
15424	8	tidisciplinary perspective to study the evolution of sexual behaviour, genitalia and alternativ  008-02799 to propose an overview of the evolution of genitalia in the zygoptera . one of the mo  y sexual reproduction is predominant in nature, despite its numerous costs. here we propose to   c damselfly, to test theories about the evolution and maintenance of sex, and particularly the   thesis. i. hastata is also an excellent model to study the nature and significance of selfish g  is also an excellent model to study the nature and significance of selfish genetic elements, li  e transposons. we recently reviewed the evolution and maintenance of alternative colour morphs    make a comprehensive analysis of sperm competition mechanisms and other postcopulatory sexual
13415	1	erformance and to develop a sustainable production system of angora goats in rural areas within
14166	7	tometer for the measurements of angular distribution of forest directional reflectance, and mea  nt and potential of angular reflectance distribution in remote sensing applications. for exampl   of angular reflectance distribution in remote sensing applications. for example, the angular d   applications. for example, the angular distribution of forest reflectance provides additional   tance provides additional data on stand growth and state which is not available looking directl   a test site of international satellite remote sensing projects. besides advancing the know-how  es advancing the know-how of instrument development and data processing techniques, the results
9963	2	ightened, perhaps because they detect a predator, they tend to bunch together tightly. this has  uce its chance of being captured by the predator by moving in between other individuals, and th
1987	5	articular route and follow a particular migration schedule and what the implications will be of  understanding of the connection between migration and ecological, evolutionary and conservation   interactions with conspecifics and the environment. therefore, they can assist in analysing th  rs. we aim to develop an annual routine model and to obtain general insights into what shapes l  insights into what shapes long-distance migration in birds, to estimate consequences of potenti
13600	6	the effect of disturbance on ecosystems is one of the key questions in contemporary   fect of canopy-thinning on ant-epiphyte metacommunity structure. the combination of these two m   different management intenstiy on this ecosystem. second, it functions as a model system to an  is ecosystem. second, it functions as a model system to answer the more general ecological ques  cted and previously unpublished data on community structure of arboreal ants and combine this w  e this with spatially explicit epiphyte abundance data, which i will collect on the shade-trees
14417	13	onmental protection investigations. the resistance of algae is connected with the efficiency of  sistance of algae is connected with the efficiency of their repair system and the stability of   ficiency of their repair system and the stability of cell antioxidant defense. such kinds of st  icance because of the fact that man and environment plants are forced to live under deteriorati  g the elucidation of mechanisms forming resistance to uv, oxidative, light and temperature stre   resistance to uv, oxidative, light and temperature stress. some algae remain vital even at hig  to uv, oxidative, light and temperature stress. some algae remain vital even at highest uv leve  s aspect, the use of antarctic algae as model systems for creation of survival strategies is ap  of molecular and biochemical markers of resistance to ultraviolet radiation alone or combined w  n alone or combined with other forms of stress in antarctic algae, as well as the creation of c  n of complex strategies to assess algal resistance. we expect to determine uv stress markers wh  l resistance. we expect to determine uv stress markers which are to be used when screening and    used when screening and monitoring the environment, as well as when selecting resistible agric
10344	5	ular the group will study the supply of nitrogen and carbon to the bacteria and algae, how this  p will study the supply of nitrogen and carbon to the bacteria and algae, how this is affected    and algae, how this is affected by the temperature and saltiness of the brines contained in th  e, try to link the seasonal dynamics of nutrients, photosynthetic organisms and bacteria and lo  ganisms that can relate to the chemical environment in which they have grown. such signatures a
14366	16	the quality of the generated dems. wp2 development and evolution of river systems: the major a  the generated dems. wp2 development and evolution of river systems: the major aim of this wp is  ties provide information on the spatial distribution of specific fluvial land morphologies thro  al land morphologies through changes in land cover and underlying soil composition. results wil  : the goal of this wp is to assess dune migration rates and directions in the vicinity of the f   are characterised by variations in the density of archaeological and settlement remains in con  wp5 functional and multi-temporal urban development: the objective of this wp is to study the d  ges and their relation with demographic evolution using a multi-temporal analysis of rs-imagery  ties will be analysed, buth also the 3d evolution using results from wp 1. wp6 integration, int   wp 1. wp6 integration, interaction and modeling of the urban, physical and archaeological envi   the urban, physical and archaeological environment: in this wp, the results of wps 1-5 will be  r to understand the long-term landscape development. the aim is to study human-environment inte   development. the aim is to study human-environment interactions and to asses the impact of urb  ctions and to asses the impact of urban development on the natural and cultural heritage throug  tural and cultural heritage through the modelling of urban expansion and to assess the impact o   impact of environmental changes on the distribution of archaeological features. --------------
14708	3	control the relationship maintaining it seasonality. another objective is to know whether such   kind of relationships are widespread in nature within birds phylogeny. finally, since all upupi  ght in the evolutionary history of this mutualism.
13786	2	mechanisms that control the baculovirus development in the lepidopteran host is important for t  -industry and for improving baculovirus efficiency in biological control. it can also give insi
14106	12	s relating to costs of reproduction and dominance in field studies on free-living birds. resear  n the basis of theories of life-history evolution and parasite-mediated sexual selection will b  up-regulation and suppression of immune function and antioxidant barriers in order to investiga  ther immune activation causes oxidative stress and whether and how these processes are modulate  ndividual infection status. in the same model, the potential of carotenoid-based ornaments in a   tested. costs and benefits of parasite resistance and tolerance, including effects on antioxid  sed ornaments, will be evaluated in the model of experimental coccidiosis. the same model will   l of experimental coccidiosis. the same model will be also applied for assessment how standard   rd assays of immunocompetence relate to resistance and tolerance of real parasites. the hypothe  physiological costs of reproduction and dominance are caused by immune suppression and oxidativ  sed by immune suppression and oxidative stress will be tested by experimental manipulation of r  manipulation of reproductive effort and dominance.
7630	5	he environmental impacts to the natural environment is statutorily subject to restrictions of u  his principle implies exchanges between nature objects, be substituted for them, must meet equi  d on a range of factors relating to the nature of scientific knowledge, the nature of the excha  the nature of scientific knowledge, the nature of the exchanged objects, temporalities and scal  anged objects, temporalities and scales ecosystems concerned, the institutions that define and
15333	12	the loss and fragmentation of habitat caused by agriculture, forestry, tourism, or ur  griculture, forestry, tourism, or urban development alter biodiversity at local, regional and g  diversity at local, regional and global scale. due to the importance of ants in many ecosystems  . due to the importance of ants in many ecosystems, the loss of native ants can have important    loss of native ants can have important indirect effects. these include effects on seed dispers  ffects on seed dispersal and subsequent recruitment, on pollination, and even on vertebrate fau  which reflect the dynamics and state of ecosystems. indeed, they are widely distributed, abunda  lay an important role in nearly all the ecosystems to evaluate the potential use of ants as bio   of organization including communities, functional groups and individual species. at the same t  ll generate information relevant to the development of agri-environmental, forestry, and touris   tourism policies, reconciling economic development and the conservation of biodiversity at the   biodiversity at the local and regional scale. it also intends to obtain a rapid assessment of
14604	5	e to climatic change, considering 1 the temperature effect on locomotory behavior and on larval   1 the temperature effect on locomotory behavior and on larval development, 2 the resilience of  ct on locomotory behavior and on larval development, 2 the resilience of anurans after metamorp   water availability and 3 the effect of temperature on sound communication of adult anurans bet  will determine whether the influence of temperature changes on the different vital processes ha
7120	1	biodiversity mainly apprehended in the nature conservation policies of line
10465	8	t members of most temperate terrestrial ecosystems, and include some of the most significant ag  rovides essential amino acids and other nutrients that are absent in the aphids rather depauper  can, among other things, increase aphid resistance to parasitic wasps and pathogenic fungi, hel  his project seeks to understand how the community of secondary symbionts is structured: what de  onts, and what affects its evolutionary stability. it consists of three subprojects. the first    the first is to develop a mathematical model to synthesise all we know about secondary symbion  st critical areas for research. no such model exists at the moment, and quantitative approaches  the structure of the secondary symbiont community and to test hypotheses about how it is struct
9887	8	t members of most temperate terrestrial ecosystems, and include some of the most significant ag  rovides essential amino acids and other nutrients that are absent in the aphids rather depauper  can, among other things, increase aphid resistance to parasitic wasps and pathogenic fungi, hel  his project seeks to understand how the community of secondary symbionts is structured: what de  onts, and what affects its evolutionary stability. it consists of three subprojects. the first    the first is to develop a mathematical model to synthesise all we know about secondary symbion  st critical areas for research. no such model exists at the moment, and quantitative approaches  the structure of the secondary symbiont community and to test hypotheses about how it is struct
10922	1	rasitoid system. specifically, apparent competition in spatially extended systems will be inves
15575	21	ince the 1940ies increased agricultural production has modified agricultural landscapes, includ  ation of natural habitats, reduction in habitat diversity, and increases in habitat disturbance   in habitat diversity, and increases in habitat disturbance and agrochemical application. agric   agrochemical application. agricultural intensification is considered a major driver of global   loss, and has important effects on many ecosystem services. much recent research has focused on  t research has focused on valuating and mapping ecosystem services at various spatial scales, b  ch has focused on valuating and mapping ecosystem services at various spatial scales, but predi  explicitly address how land-use affects ecosystem services mediated by biodiversity are rare. b  re rare. biological pest control is one ecosystem service threatened by agricultural intensific  stem service threatened by agricultural intensification. the diversity and abundance of natural  ural intensification. the diversity and abundance of natural enemies and natural enemy attack r  t straightforward. even though a recent meta-analysis showed that increasing enemy diversity us  fluctuating environmental conditions. a food web approach, where the trophic interactions betwe  ditions. a food web approach, where the trophic interactions between natural enemies, pests and  n that the structure of host-parasitoid food webs can be strongly altered by habitat modificati  id food webs can be strongly altered by habitat modification with important implications for bi  as explored the interactions in complex food webs including agricultural pests, predatory and p   of natural enemy-pest-alternative prey food web interactions and the value of biological contr  scape composition affects natural enemy community composition and how historic shifts in natura  . using up-to-date molecular techniques food web interactions will be empirically examined unde  al control. these data will feed into a model for biological control of cereal aphids, and faci
10603	2	are, how they survive in their extreme environment and how they might influence processes in d  n ancient bacteria. they may even be an environment where life on earth might have started. so
10103	12	years as a result of plant collecting, intensification of agriculture and land use changes hav  uced in size that their germination and development in nature is dependent upon specialized ass  at their germination and development in nature is dependent upon specialized associations with    seeds and supply the young plants with carbon and nutrients. this unique form of nutrition con  supply the young plants with carbon and nutrients. this unique form of nutrition continues thro  ss spectrometer enabling the individual carbon and nitrogen containing compounds to be identifi  eter enabling the individual carbon and nitrogen containing compounds to be identified and thei  f the composition and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen-containing compounds can be made in  sition and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen-containing compounds can be made in the orchid  gal partner, in adjacent cells in which carbon is stored by the plant and the fungus excluded,    in plant vascular tissue through which nutrients and carbon pass up into the shoots.   ular tissue through which nutrients and carbon pass up into the shoots.
11558	3	veal an historic link between jellyfish abundance and fish abundance this will be a very useful  nk between jellyfish abundance and fish abundance this will be a very useful advance for manage  ers seeking to regulate fisheries in an ecosystem context. the project will also demonstrate to
12631	4	best and most versatile /bmv datasets; review of local development framework and planning supp  ersatile /bmv datasets; review of local development framework and planning supporting statement  local authorities with high a degree of development pressures and which have high concentration  aken account of bmv as a sustainability indicator when determining planning applications. the p
7034	18	terrestrial ecosystem models are designed to assess the flux of ene  dels are designed to assess the flux of energy, water, carbon and nitrogen corresponding to a g  ed to assess the flux of energy, water, carbon and nitrogen corresponding to a given vegetation  s the flux of energy, water, carbon and nitrogen corresponding to a given vegetation type. ecos  n and nitrogen corresponding to a given vegetation type. ecosystem model validations use classi  rresponding to a given vegetation type. ecosystem model validations use classical statistical m  g to a given vegetation type. ecosystem model validations use classical statistical methods . o  s that these five measures indicate the stability status of a given model simulation. if the mo  ndicate the stability status of a given model simulation. if the model behaves stable then the   tus of a given model simulation. if the model behaves stable then the accuracy and precision of  able then the accuracy and precision of model outputs will remain valid. if the model behaves u  model outputs will remain valid. if the model behaves unstable it may indicate either a reduced  ed predictability or a reduction in the stability of a real world ecosystem. outputs from this   uction in the stability of a real world ecosystem. outputs from this research project may have   implications allowing us to compare the stability of different ecosystem types or the change in  s to compare the stability of different ecosystem types or the change in the stability accordin  nt ecosystem types or the change in the stability according to a change in driving forces like   ding to a change in driving forces like climate change.
14695	3	ing system of hippocampus guttulatus in nature and culture will be studied to check the monogam   in this genus, as well as the temporal stability, a basic subject for the development and futu  oral stability, a basic subject for the development and future improvement of culture of this s
6744	4	and enology has been dealing with grape resistance breading effectivelly for a half century. br  y for a half century. breading of fungi-resistance, marketable grape species are important not    the number of plants in the multi-year evaluation. during traditional hibridization, after the  hybrid-families by back-crossing of the resistance and sensitive grape species. in such case, i
15219	4	xcepting a few species that show direct development, pass through a planktonic larval period wi  ncountered by researchers when studying population dynamics, recruitment events, larval dispers  hers when studying population dynamics, recruitment events, larval dispersal and colonization,   ecruitment events, larval dispersal and colonization, functioning of planktonic trophic webs an
14663	3	e mediterranean forest are subjected to stress periods with high irradiance combined with droug  mperatures. the imbalance between light energy absorption and its use in photosynthesis leads t  esis leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species correlation of biochemical quantificatio
14203	4	index on formation of fi values in the sediment pore water dom of a large shallow lake; respec  spective horizontal variation and small-scale variation in surface sediments will be estimated.  he pore water fi values in the vertical sediment profiles of a large shallow lake with comparat  e changes in the autochtonous microbial production rather than changes in the catchment process
10821	1	in to understand better the patterns of environmental change in a major mountain belt.
11022	7	he part that mammals played in mesozoic ecosystems is sketchy. exceptionally though, the fissur  l new information about the ecology and evolution of these mammalian ancestors, using a rigorou  ncestors, using a rigorously quantified modelling approach. we know a lot about certain aspects  nd indicates a mammalian physiology and growth pattern. palaeontologists are using many new tec  ted. the analysis calculates strain and stress within the structure in response to these loadin  the basis of an accurate finite element model. tiny early mammals are assumed to be insectivore  n priority of the two joints during the growth of an individual. is there some indication for t
12490	27	onia can have a range of impacts on the environment and human health, including : - effects on    diversity of semi-natural areas due to nitrogen enrichment through atmospheric nirogen deposit   transformation of deposited ammonia to nitrate and its subsequent leaching; - pollution of gro   ground water and drinking water due to nitrate leaching; - eutrophication of surface waters du  eutrophication of surface waters due to nitrogen enrichment; - global warming due to emission o  rs due to nitrogen enrichment; - global warming due to emission of nitrous oxide and methane, a  ng due to emission of nitrous oxide and methane, and cooling due to ammonium sulphate aerosols;  te aerosols; air quality management for ecosystem protection has primarily focussed to date on    critical loads to define environmental thresholds above which adverse effects may occur. howev  ects may occur. however, the effects on ecosystem services of exceedance of these thresholds ha  osystem services of exceedance of these thresholds have not been fully evaluated. furthermore,    been fully evaluated. furthermore, the nature of ammonia emissions and their diffuse sources m  a policy approach which considers these ecosystem impacts in isolation is not viable. the addit  isolation is not viable. the additional complexity arises from the way nitrogen derived from am  ditional complexity arises from the way nitrogen derived from ammonia emissions ‘cascades’ thro  mmonia emissions ‘cascades’ through the environment undergoing transformations that create pote  tial for interactions between losses of nitrogen compounds to air and water from terrestrial sy  il to air could potentially lead to the nitrogen emerging as nitrates in water courses to the d  courses to the detriment of the aquatic environment or to nitrous oxide emissions that contribu  rous oxide emissions that contribute to climate change. in the uk to date, most effort has been  ng abatement strategies at the national scale. the gothenburg protocol of the united nations ec  measures. this project will compare the ecosystems approach with current conventional air quali   approaches to determine which assesses ecosystem services more comprehensively in terms of imp  value of ecosytem services and links to human well-being. this will acheived by comparing three  eir causes, to the implementation of an ecosystems approach for air quality policy development   systems approach for air quality policy development at national level in the uk. a stakeholder   to the barriers, and to identify how an ecosystems approach could be implemented within current
12516	10	an ecological approach to orchard floor vegetation management will determine if this can lead t  l management of this disease. finally a review of the effects of calcium on fruit rotting in st  y areas for future research. generalist predators will attack a range of prey species. many spe   range of prey species. many species of predators/parasitoids occur naturally in crops and surr  ccur naturally in crops and surrounding vegetation, but they may colonise and remain in crops o  s within the crop to provide attractive vegetation both in terms of refuges and alternative foo   food sources is likely to increase the abundance of beneficials in the cropping area, leading    fruit quality and indirectly increases resistance to fungal rots. more recent research in trop  s, reducing spore germination, mycelial growth and sporulation and possibly also on the host, i  and possibly also on the host, inducing resistance to the pathogen. thus calcium, if effective,
12046	2	elled organisms, are typical as species richness is high and each species appears to be very wi  ine food chains work and the effects of global change. we examined basic questions concerning p
12057	5	. however, comprehensive studies at the community level are still missing. the following object   assessing transduction, host range and resistance processes in communities; 4/ refining the ki  nities; 4/ refining the kill the winner model on the influence of viruses on prokaryotic divers  of phage and host diversity to test the model. the findings will be compared between different   quatic environments to assess diversity productivity relationships.
11045	3	emicals are extremely long-lived in the environment and are know to be accumulating within diff  on the hormonal regulation of aquaporin function in the european eel as it is possible that del  nsporters may compromise the successful migration of fish from fw to sw environments and/or red
11057	3	emicals are extremely long-lived in the environment and are know to be accumulating within diff  on the hormonal regulation of aquaporin function in the european eel as it is possible that del  nsporters may compromise the successful migration of fish from fw to sw environments and/or red
14892	12	ry field in ecology that analyses large-scale patterns and processes of ecological particles .   s factors implied in observed patterns. community and population level patterns will be related  taxonomical level in order to assess if community-population richness relationships are coincid  order to assess if community-population richness relationships are coincident across taxonomica  nd non-neutral processes contributed to community and population richness in each region by ana  contributed to community and population richness in each region by analysing the relationship b  n by analysing the relationship between community and population richness and abundance, site o  onship between community and population richness and abundance, site occupancy, niche breadth,   n community and population richness and abundance, site occupancy, niche breadth, spatio-tempor  cupancy, niche breadth, spatio-temporal connectivity, and dispersion capabilities. thus, we wil  s, we will bring population genetics to community genetics and how it is linked to patterns of   ics and how it is linked to patterns of community composition generally. with the accomplishmen
7254	1	ct is to characterize the diversity and distribution of microorganisms
10238	4	how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi  d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua  pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t   use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve
10697	4	how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi  d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua  pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t   use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve
11252	4	how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi  d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua  pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t   use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve
11262	4	how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi  d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua  pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t   use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve
11793	4	how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi  d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua  pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t   use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve
11800	4	how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi  d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua  pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t   use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve
11803	4	how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi  d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua  pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t   use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve
9971	4	how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi  d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua  pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t   use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve
9977	4	how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi  d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua  pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t   use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve
9986	4	how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi  d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua  pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t   use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve
9988	4	how they interact to form a functional community. molecular biology has revolutionised microbi  d be given to identifying and exploring microbial community structure, to explain how individua  pulation interact and how the resulting microbial activity impinges on biogeochemical cycles. t   use cutting edge technologies to track microbial activity and to identify the microbes involve
12247	5	cantly as a consequence of agricultural intensification over the last 40 years. biodiversity is  s an essential component of sustainable development helping farmers to become net positive cont  become net positive contributors to the environment and reduce the environmental footprint of f  uce the environmental footprint of food production substantially. this has clear significance f  clear significance for sustainable food production and security.
7035	14	in the landscape that transport organic carbon from the continents to the oceans. recent studie  he net heterotrophy — the dependence of ecosystem metabolism on terrestrial organic carbon — in  ystem metabolism on terrestrial organic carbon — in streams and rivers. obviously, these observ  ons raise the question: how can organic carbon that was initially stored in soils over extended  elatively short residence time in these ecosystems. this project will answer this essential que  pended aggregates, are major drivers of carbon cycling in streams and large rivers. first, we w  ll identify populations involved in the metabolism of key organic compounds of terrestrial orig  pproach, will then study whole-ecosytem metabolism in and co2 outgassing from various ecosystem  lism in and co2 outgassing from various ecosystems in alpine, tropical and arctic networks. the  pine, tropical and arctic networks. the carbon cycle in these biomes is predicted to be particu  cted to be particularly prone to global warming. this ecosystem-level information, coupled with  ticularly prone to global warming. this ecosystem-level information, coupled with our mechanist  tion, coupled with our mechanistic fine-scale understanding of processes, will serve to test fl  formance to oxidize terrestrial organic carbon.
10518	13	ocean, hundreds of plumes of bubbles of methane gas were discovered in 2008, rising from the se  se to that of the landward limit of the methane hydrate stability zone. methane hydrate is a so  e landward limit of the methane hydrate stability zone. methane hydrate is a solid with the app   of the methane hydrate stability zone. methane hydrate is a solid with the appearance of ice,   e-like structure enclosing molecules of methane. methane hydrate is stable under conditions of   ructure enclosing molecules of methane. methane hydrate is stable under conditions of low tempe  drate is stable under conditions of low temperature and high pressure such as those found in re   300-600 metres, depending on the water temperature. over the past thirty years, the ocean s te  over the past thirty years, the ocean s temperature at the seabed has increased by 1 degree c,   at hydrate has broken down and released methane, which has migrated to the seabed and into the   ean. at present, the rate of release of methane is generally too slow to overcome dissolution a  sewhere, could release large amounts of methane over a short period of time. the strength of su  ution seismic system to image the small-scale structures that convey gas to the seabed and to d
10183	1	central to marine foodwebs, the global carbon cycle and represent a key life-stage of many ben
11453	1	al analysis of germination and seedling development. symbionts will be identified by molecular
11785	7	reme negative correlation between taxon body size and the number of species described. current   es are ecologically important in marine sediment ecosystem processes and comprise the majority   ologically important in marine sediment ecosystem processes and comprise the majority of the pr  sms rely. despite their pivotal role in ecosystem functioning, a current estimate of global nem  stimates of regional and global species richness. the utilization of mps to quantify nematode m  ial biological component of the earth s ecosystems. furthermore, the project will serve as a te  rtaining to the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning.
11636	10	l contains a complex and highly diverse community of microorganisms. these microorganisms are r  ce of soil structure and for cycling of nutrients for plant growth. the majority of soil microo   and for cycling of nutrients for plant growth. the majority of soil microorganisms cannot be r  determine identity and diversity of the community. molecular analysis has revealed the existenc  ted with extreme environments, e.g. low ph, high temperature. non-thermophilic crenarachaeota a  extreme environments, e.g. low ph, high temperature. non-thermophilic crenarachaeota are abunda  e their role in soil processes or their ecosystem function. two recent studies involving sequen  marine environments indicate a possible function for these organisms. 16s rrna genes of non-the  nucleic acids will then be separated by density gradient centrifugation. the different nucleic   anisms contributes to an important soil ecosystem process, soil nitrification.
10070	4	n plant nutrition by exchanging mineral nutrients captured from the soil for access to plant or  om the soil for access to plant organic carbon. however, we know surprisingly little about how   ral environments. heathlands are unique ecosystems that are threatened worldwide by ectomycorrh   and laboratory approach to uncover the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi in lowland heaths
10429	4	tropical ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases .   ine the relative contribution of andean ecosystems to the ch4 and n2o budgets for south america  n ch4 and n2o fluxes from upland andean ecosystems will also help us evaluate whether other tro  ric budgets of ch4 and n2o. lastly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that
10967	4	tropical ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases .   ine the relative contribution of andean ecosystems to the ch4 and n2o budgets for south america  n ch4 and n2o fluxes from upland andean ecosystems will also help us evaluate whether other tro  ric budgets of ch4 and n2o. lastly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that
11699	4	tropical ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases .   ine the relative contribution of andean ecosystems to the ch4 and n2o budgets for south america  n ch4 and n2o fluxes from upland andean ecosystems will also help us evaluate whether other tro  ric budgets of ch4 and n2o. lastly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that
14952	2	e a significant component of the global environmental change and are viewed as one of the most   s of change in biodiversity at a global scale, usually with harmful ecological and economic eff
14540	5	the development of former research projects dealing with id  ous artemia strains from their original ecosystems. facing these prospects, the present project  il the following objects: to update the distribution of saline ecosystems inhabited by autochth  s: to update the distribution of saline ecosystems inhabited by autochthonous artemia strains i  system, should show which are the major traits of this competitive mechanism and its consequenc
14638	1	the development of former research projects dealing with id
7151	8	igh economic value because of its rapid growth, the light color and excellent mechanical proper  us excelsior, indigenous, have separate distribution areas but are actually sympatric in some r   a business perspective. the reality of climate change, notably that of the increase in the ave  bly that of the increase in the average temperature at the earth's surface will change the dist   at the earth's surface will change the distribution of species and some will migrate to higher   he ash oxyphylle its northern limit of distribution is currently located in loire valley and s  oncern us are related to the process of colonization, local adaptation, mating system and gene   better understand the dynamics of post- colonization of pioneer species that necessarily will h
13875	6	ica. it constitutes a major concern for nature conservation along the coasts of the north sea a  o kinds of causes may be distinguished, evolution and ecology. a genetic change may have taken   y altered selective pressure in the new environment or by introgression from native or cultivat  atural enemies , which limit population growth and plant vigour in its native range. circumstan   release hypothesis by reducing general herbivory and disease under field conditions with compe  ive and exotic ranges. in addition, the population dynamics will be studied in order to identif
14583	1	d up the process of restoration of this community in the places where due to the human activiti
12590	5	a key requirement for reliable data on soil carbon on which evidence-based policy decisions ca   be made. recent evidence suggests that carbon is being lost from soils in england and wales, b  likely that the impacts of any specific mitigation measures cannot currently be quantified. it   road representative base of the uk soil community, was convened, through the auspices of previo   the spatial and temporal properties of carbon in soils. • using the decision tool to define th
14480	3	nces on the individual, population, and community, of a supplementary feeding program as a way   pplementary feeding program as a way to recovery the populations of iberian lynx . according to   . according to previous information on intraguild predation and mesopredator release, it could
10163	6	minated to algae-dominated reefs. these habitat changes, combined with fishing pressure, are ex  nd unpublished information on reef fish abundance across the caribbean. using the same analytic  ish the long-term patterns of change in abundance of reef fish and relate these to changes in h  eef fish and relate these to changes in habitat and fishing pressure. in addition, the role of   altering the patterns of change in fish abundance, particularly for those species that are not   ill yield a unique picture of the large-scale ecological changes that have occurred on caribbea
10190	3	in unicellular microbes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and   growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be discriminated usi  hus fitness, may be discriminated using competition analysis in chemostat culture. molecularly
10998	3	in unicellular microbes, fitness = growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and   growth rate, and very small changes in growth rate, and thus fitness, may be discriminated usi  hus fitness, may be discriminated using competition analysis in chemostat culture. molecularly
12342	4	nefits of improved estimates of discard mortality will be to reduce the risk that unsustainable  ntial. in addition, it will benefit the development of any proposed recovery plans for threaten  benefit the development of any proposed recovery plans for threatened stocks. furthermore, the    to fishing practices to reduce discard mortality, but without requiring punitive quotas or ove
12291	16	novel agricultural weeds as a result of climate and other environmental change. in the last 30    weeds as a result of climate and other environmental change. in the last 30 years, agricultura  re is increasing incidence of herbicide resistance in weeds. herbicide resistance evolves in we  erbicide resistance in weeds. herbicide resistance evolves in weed species following frequent e   single herbicide mode of action. where resistance is already prevalent in weed populations, it  s of action. where farmers are fighting resistance with judicious rotation of many herbicide mo   this research is to develop a computer model that will predict the impacts of changes in herbi  e most severe, widespread and herbicide-resistance prone weed species in the uk. once the model   prone weed species in the uk. once the model has been used to demonstrate the impacts of chang  nvironmentally benign and less prone to development of herbicide resistance. a key element of t   less prone to development of herbicide resistance. a key element of these changes will be to i  d biological weed control options. this modelling-based project will help defra to quantify the  nded weeds research. in particular, the development of alternative weed control strategies will  rica are increasing their incidence and distribution in the uk. the project will examine the ev  r how this spread may be exacerbated by climate and environmental change. recommendations will   pread may be exacerbated by climate and environmental change. recommendations will be made for
10840	5	global freshwaters on an unprecedented scale. a suite of uk lake types, exhibiting a range of   gy and hence can be used to reconstruct phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a levels u  ed to reconstruct phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a levels using a range of pre-ex  eters will be correlated with the known sediment and catchment data, enabling the differences i  ta, enabling the differences in timing, nature and magnitude of response in different lake type
11610	2	, p- and fe-limitation of phytoplankton growth, photosynthesis and n2 fixation will be undertak  teor cruise 55 are limited by different nutrients.
15438	4	ng multifactor interactions influencing ecosystem structure and functioning is critical to unde  ritical to understand their response to global change. therefore, there are a high demand of in  tent our knowledge on how organisms and ecosystems respond to the interaction between global .   ixing vertical in marine and freshwater ecosystems. this is a guarantee to achieve the complex
14903	2	this project studies distribution, reservoirs and survival of edwardsiella t  hich is an eel pathogen, in the natural environment as well as the influence of some other biot
10973	4	i propose to undertake large scale sequencing of dna extracted from pelagic antarcti  o assess biodiversity within planktonic ecosystems in the southern ocean. following large-scale   in the southern ocean. following large-scale sequencing i will design sequence-specific probes  e optimised, will allow rapid and large-scale biodiversity and ecological studies of planktonic
13794	6	rms of insights in landscape analyze of ecosystem services , trade-offs between bundles of serv  ernance challenges involved in managing ecosystem services at a landscape scale. in addition to  aging ecosystem services at a landscape scale. in addition to work within my previous case stud  nalize this work and participate in the development of a regional model of the agricultural per  cipate in the development of a regional model of the agricultural peri-urban region in southern  l for an extended period. experience of modeling of social-ecological systems will be an import
7485	5	reeding, and ecological effects through predation, competition and the transfer of diseases to   d ecological effects through predation, competition and the transfer of diseases to wild fish.   echnological research on a pan-european scale to improve recommendations and guidelines for aqu  reby improving operations and equipment production, and advancing national and international st   effects of escapees. if prevention and mitigation are more successful, genetic and ecological
14109	8	lower seed mixtures is a common tool in habitat restoration, while the genetic consequences of    project are to evaluate the functional habitat connectivity using novel landscape genetic tool   are to evaluate the functional habitat connectivity using novel landscape genetic tools and to   wetland plant lychnis flos-cuculi as a model species representing the group of species, which   ch verges in agricultural landscapes as model systems. i will sample sown and natural populatio   pollen and whether it is influenced by habitat connectivity. i will set up an experiment in th  and whether it is influenced by habitat connectivity. i will set up an experiment in the study   tainable planning of agri-environmental connectivity measures and restoration ecology.
12168	6	current agri-environment schemes are central to meeting the governme  els monitoring project, will inform the development and implementation of agri-environment meas   development and implementation of agri-environment measures designed to enhance the conservati  andscape context and some indication of threshold habitat areas required for population recover  ontext and some indication of threshold habitat areas required for population recovery for a nu  d habitat areas required for population recovery for a number of key bird species.
12550	4	ial contribution to agriculture and the environment through pollination: they also produce hone   honey bee , are known to assist colony recovery. alternatively in cases of higher disease leve  ce of the disease causing organisms and threshold levels of bacteria within colonies that lead   f bacteria within colonies that lead to development of clinical signs of disease. all samples o
10865	5	pervisory team that is world-leading in ecosystem based ocean acidification research using natu  tor spatial and temporal variability in ph . the student will examine whether calcified algae,   s will be used to assess the diversity, behavior and abundance of shrimps and fish recording th  d to assess the diversity, behavior and abundance of shrimps and fish recording the distributio  dance of shrimps and fish recording the distribution of gravid females and fish nests in relati
14816	6	s of different species, and the spatial modelling of the distributions of the implied species,   ose distributions more dependent on the environment, we will build predictive models of future   ive models of future distributions in a climate change scenario. we will also extract the perti  sions for the conservation of different distribution types, depending on whether they are more   alysis, as the spanish ministry for the environment has just published the distribution atlases   the environment has just published the distribution atlases of all vertebrate groups on the ut
11012	3	to one another. for example, changes in temperature or habitats can alter distributions of host  system . a. lyrata tends to grow in low competition environments so we will also question wheth  d albugo and establish whether the same resistance mechanisms operate in host populations sampl
11524	3	to one another. for example, changes in temperature or habitats can alter distributions of host  system . a. lyrata tends to grow in low competition environments so we will also question wheth  d albugo and establish whether the same resistance mechanisms operate in host populations sampl
12171	9	which it can provide valuable foraging habitat in summer and winter, as well as breeding habit   summer and winter, as well as breeding habitat for some ground-nesting species. a review of re  itat for some ground-nesting species. a review of recent studies suggests that, on average, set   used to characterise valuable foraging habitat and inform the sorts of habitat features that c  oraging habitat and inform the sorts of habitat features that could potentially be promoted as   d potentially be promoted as field-edge mitigation measures for the loss of set-aside. the resu  ng evidence base for the impact of this habitat change on the behaviour and population trends o   they will also provide a basis for the development of possible options in terms of field edge    may be implemented alongide other agri-environment measures to prevent further population decl
10311	8	milar to some predictions of the future climate of the region. this is because most climate mod  ate of the region. this is because most climate models predict an increase in dry season intens  eason intensity, and all an increase in temperature in the coming century as a consequence of g  ming century as a consequence of global climate change. whether or not long-term climate change  limate change. whether or not long-term climate change is already involved the current event ca  d forest, deciduous forests and savanna ecosystems and species respond to drying, so helping as  drying, so helping assess the potential scale of impacts as the amazon climate dries. our team   otential scale of impacts as the amazon climate dries. our team has a large network of on-the-g
9953	2	ght in amazonia. this may be related to warming of the north atlantic and gulf of mexico, the s  d the precise magnitude, intensity, and distribution of the drought, and also satellite-based m
9985	2	ght in amazonia. this may be related to warming of the north atlantic and gulf of mexico, the s  d the precise magnitude, intensity, and distribution of the drought, and also satellite-based m
2182	1	ng sets of categories and criteria. the evaluation will conform to these guidelines to enable e
10858	1	me of the most basic information on the life history of this species, information that may be v
10067	1	ow environmental conditions promote the development of pkd is poorly understood but such unders
10156	7	e interactions may arise through direct competition between parasites within each host. however   may also be indirect, possibly through competition for shared resources . in this case, immune  s that result in a diverse, interactive community within each individual host. clearly, underst   measuring interactions using classical community ecology perturbation experiments, by removing  pecies was previously suppressing their abundance. by repeating this process for all main paras   these interactions into a mathematical model will allow us to predict how such parasite commun  of two species at the same time. if our model predictions prove accurate for more complex co-tr
11676	7	e interactions may arise through direct competition between parasites within each host. however   may also be indirect, possibly through competition for shared resources . in this case, immune  s that result in a diverse, interactive community within each individual host. clearly, underst   measuring interactions using classical community ecology perturbation experiments, by removing  pecies was previously suppressing their abundance. by repeating this process for all main paras   these interactions into a mathematical model will allow us to predict how such parasite commun  of two species at the same time. if our model predictions prove accurate for more complex co-tr
12341	3	an level on setting a zero tac. further mitigation measures such as area or seasonal closures,    limited knowledge of the movements and distribution of these species, and their survivorship a  hip after capture, severely hampers the evaluation of proposed policies.to evaluate the efficac
12615	1	eliable data. this will then inform the nature and extent of the main survey. there is also the
10992	7	affected by the replacement of natural ecosystems with human-dominated ones. in order to bette  rsity and the impact of factors such as climate change, this project aims to provide a small-sc  e, this project aims to provide a small-scale microsampling technique for the thorough identifi   has had a recent from the recent small-scale excavations at pin hole cave. the sampling will b  ormation obtained from the earlier full-scale excavation to evaluate the potential of small-sca  tion to evaluate the potential of small-scale excavations that are comprehensively analysed. re  ly analysed. reducing the need for full-scale excavation would minimise site destruction and al
11214	12	culation patterns and/or changes in the abundance and distribution of their food; primarily the  rns and/or changes in the abundance and distribution of their food; primarily the small single-  f 2001/2 we gathered information on the distribution and abundance of calanus over the entire i  red information on the distribution and abundance of calanus over the entire irminger basin. we  easure various indices of phytoplankton abundance and activity in the water and relate this to   sured relationships between biomass and productivity to reconstruct phytoplankton production ra  oductivity to reconstruct phytoplankton production rates, from space. production rates estimate  oplankton production rates, from space. production rates estimated from space will then need to  need to be validated with phytoplankton productivity measured in the sea. once we have establis  tablished reliable year-round and basin-scale phytoplankton production, this will provide an es  ear-round and basin-scale phytoplankton production, this will provide an estimate of the availa   this information to assess whether the abundance of calanus is controlled by the available foo
11754	6	fish stocks, we need to understand the population dynamics and productivity of the zooplankton   understand the population dynamics and productivity of the zooplankton populations on which th  orth atlantic. the study of zooplankton growth in the ocean is very difficult and time consumin  sure the activity of enzymes related to growth and perform growth experiments combined with enz  f enzymes related to growth and perform growth experiments combined with enzyme activity assays  fying true costs of over-wintering, and modelling this important aspect of life-history.
419	5	ears to be one of the most sensitive to climate change. the potential impacts of these changes   onsequences on the preservation of many ecosystems and species. a strong research effort to det  etermine the past and coming effects of global change over the mediterranean must be supported   onmental events: epizootic diseases and mortality, change in the geographical and/or bathymetri   in the geographical and/or bathymetric distribution of species. by using a multi-disciplinary
7136	3	be one of the most sensitive regions to climate change. the potential impacts of this change co  or the conservation of many species and ecosystems. a determined effort to discern research pas  ern research past and future effects of global change in the mediterranean should be supported
12272	10	nd environmental impacts of arable crop production. this project will maintain consistency of s  evalence of each species in response to climate and agronomic practice and provide data to assi   key resource for monitoring impacts of climate change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator  e change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator species. most recently these data were used t  ity of pesticide active ingredients, to production of wheat in this country. as well as address  acts of issues including food security, climate change, environmental protection, uk and eu gov  , uk and eu government policy, varietal resistance, pathogen resistance, land management and ec  t policy, varietal resistance, pathogen resistance, land management and economics on wheat and   and economics on wheat and oilseed rape production. samples or data will also be provided to su   to support monitoring for food safety, development and validation of models for disease and pe
7457	12	as the evidence for human induced climate change becomes clearer, so too does the realiza  ts effects will have impacts on natural environment and socio-economic systems. some regions ar  l will assess the impacts of a changing climate on the quantity and quality of water in mountai  d quality of water in mountain regions. modeling techniques will be used to project the influen  various time and space scales. regional climate models will provide the essential information o  e the essential information on shifting precipitation and temperature patterns, and snow, ice,   formation on shifting precipitation and temperature patterns, and snow, ice, and biosphere mode  odels in order to assess the changes in seasonality, amount, and incidence of extreme events in  e analyzed in terms of hazards, aquatic ecosystems, hydropower, tourism, agriculture, and the h  ed to the interactions between land use/land cover changes, and changing or conflicting water r   will be elaborated on the basis of the model results. specific environmental conditions of mou  ratures, prolonged droughts and extreme precipitation. the methodological developments gained f
12295	8	mmend future work that could aid in the development of a land use framework. such suggested fut  hesised land use typology into a single classification scheme. the resulting maps would provide  s would provide an understanding of the distribution and patterns of land use at a meaningful l  of a land use framework, to address the function of such a framework and the user requirements   es the typology of land in terms of its development status/function/designation include: • urba  land in terms of its development status/function/designation include: • urban – residential hou  esignated status – aonbs/national parks/nature designations analysis will be performed. this sw   for additional work that would aid the development of such a framework, including identifying
14981	14	ents, both biotic and abiotic, of river ecosystems, but less is known about the effects on the   is known about the effects on the river function, and much less if these effects are of the sam  ts are of the same magnitude in fluvial ecosystems located in different climatic areas, as thos  . solutions to problems affecting river ecosystems, will arrive with a better understanding on   er understanding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-  anding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level proc  eir structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process and sens  ion. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process and sensitive to disturbances a  ffecting rivers. so, it is a functional indicator of changes in ecological river status. the ai  rian streams through the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in differ  h the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and   se of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and climatic reg  emonstrate the importance of functional indicators in providing an integrated drawing of river   roviding an integrated drawing of river ecosystem health
14979	14	ents, both biotic and abiotic, of river ecosystems, but less is known about the effects on the   is known about the effects on the river function, and much less if these effects are of the sam  ts are of the same magnitude in fluvial ecosystems located in different climatic areas, as thos  . solutions to problems affecting river ecosystems, will arrive with a better understanding on   er understanding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-  anding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level proc  eir structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process and sens  ion. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process and sensitive to disturbances a  ffecting rivers. so, it is a functional indicator of changes in ecological river status. the ai  rian streams through the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in differ  h the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and   se of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and climatic reg  emonstrate the importance of functional indicators in providing an integrated drawing of river   roviding an integrated drawing of river ecosystem health.
14980	14	ents, both biotic and abiotic, of river ecosystems, but less is known about the effects on the   is known about the effects on the river function, and much less if these effects are of the sam  ts are of the same magnitude in fluvial ecosystems located in different climatic areas, as thos  . solutions to problems affecting river ecosystems, will arrive with a better understanding on   er understanding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-  anding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level proc  eir structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process and sens  ion. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process and sensitive to disturbances a  ffecting rivers. so, it is a functional indicator of changes in ecological river status. the ai  rian streams through the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in differ  h the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and   se of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and climatic reg  emonstrate the importance of functional indicators in providing an integrated drawing of river   roviding an integrated drawing of river ecosystem health.
14978	14	ents, both biotic and abiotic, of river ecosystems, but less is known about the effects on the   is known about the effects on the river function, and much less if these effects are of the sam  ts are of the same magnitude in fluvial ecosystems located in different climatic areas, as thos  . solutions to problems affecting river ecosystems, will arrive with a better understanding on   er understanding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-  anding on their structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level proc  eir structure and function. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process and sens  ion. leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process and sensitive to disturbances a  ffecting rivers. so, it is a functional indicator of changes in ecological river status. the ai  rian streams through the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in differ  h the response of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and   se of an ecosystem process, leaf litter decomposition, in different geographic and climatic reg  emonstrate the importance of functional indicators in providing an integrated drawing of river   roviding an integrated drawing of river ecosystem health.
7370	3	g the emergence of a dynamic management model of genetic resources of wheat involving farm mana  ty of land agricultural landscape. this indicator will quantify the evolution of diversity and   scape. this indicator will quantify the evolution of diversity and evaluate the effectiveness o
7191	4	mpas review of marine reserves governance implications of la  serves governance implications of large scale in national and international waters. we will app  from bycatch that demonstrate different migration patterns. these three regions have expressed   trong interest in pursuing a scientific review of the potential effects of amp. through this co
14649	3	river ecosystems are of special value to society since they s  icting and diagnosing pollutant induced stress in freshwater ecosystems, and will improve its e   pollutant induced stress in freshwater ecosystems, and will improve its environmental manageme
12252	7	sustainable development is key concept that has emerged in society   ities consume and utilise materials and energy like any other production processes, but this pr  ise materials and energy like any other production processes, but this production is carried ou  ny other production processes, but this production is carried out in the environment itself cau  t this production is carried out in the environment itself causing point source and diffuse pol  to undertake this work: a comprehensive review and critique of the whole farm and targeted syst  arnt from this approach will enable the development of an innovative environmental management s
7666	1	global change is expected to progressively drive crop g
14674	5	agri-environment schemes compensate farmers for income losse  ing of their effectiveness. in a recent review, kleijn & sutherland , of demographic parameters   demographic parameters bird densities, productivity, survival- and behavioural parameters habi  y, survival- and behavioural parameters habitat selection, diet- of great bustards, with comple  irds. the series of data on demography, distribution and behaviour we have collected during our
12153	1	t communities. variation in the spatial distribution of sheep relative to seasons can also be g
12646	1	to review and assess the level of compliance, and hence th
15465	6	e canary islands. the implementation of stable isotopes will open the possibility of raising th   this methodology requires the parallel development of information that will allow us a correct  ic thooth collections, would enable the evaluation of ontogenic shifs in diet and feeding habit   of ontogenic shifs in diet and feeding habitat but also the detection of long-term changes in   hange or intend to use these species as indicators of changes occurring in the marine environme  tors of changes occurring in the marine environment.
7667	5	d in the impacts of human activities on function of the ecosystems, and more recently on a very   of human activities on function of the ecosystems, and more recently on a very particular urba  ore recently on a very particular urban ecosystems. the assesment of ecosystem services of the   ular urban ecosystems. the assesment of ecosystem services of the urban biodiversity its a comp  ntary step for the comprehention of the ecosystem function and the impact of urbanization, spec
13778	17	that are necessary for quantifying the carbon flux through this part of the pelagic community   n flux through this part of the pelagic community are lacking. the aim is to study energetics o  h special attention to assimilation and production. by applying laboratory determined carbon bu  tion. by applying laboratory determined carbon budgets and vital rates to data on abundance, si  rbon budgets and vital rates to data on abundance, size and growth in the field, to the project  al rates to data on abundance, size and growth in the field, to the project will evaluate both   e project will evaluate both direct and indirect effects of predation by gelatinous species in   ate both direct and indirect effects of predation by gelatinous species in coastal waters. the   other trophic levels including vertical distribution during blooms. in the laboratory we will c  es. in controlled experiments, feeding, growth, doc release, assimilation and respiration of th  , growth, doc release, assimilation and respiration of the dominant gelatinous predators will b   respiration of the dominant gelatinous predators will be measured in relation to prey abundanc  rs will be measured in relation to prey abundance and prey species. the project will contribute  te considerable to our understanding of predation and cascading effects of gelatinous predators  ion and cascading effects of gelatinous predators in general. most likely it will change our cu  urrent view of the effect of gelatinous predators since their role in the ecosystem has been se  inous predators since their role in the ecosystem has been severely underestimated until now.
7426	1	by rain and level of culture components resistance
13941	2	biosynthetic pathways leading to their production and dissect the genetics of pheromone differ  unt for differences in female pheromone production between the e and z pheromone strains.
14699	7	e to host plants make them an excellent indicators for environmental changes, both those relate  onmental changes, both those related to environment destruction and to higher relevance alterat  er relevance alterations such as global warming. nevertheless, no systematic compilation of bur  stematic compilation of burnets species distribution has been made within the spanish territory  gical collections references of burnets distribution in the iberian peninsula and balearic isla  ent morphometry studies. - to conform a distribution atlas of all burnets species. - according   ic models of this insect group and also phenology, ecology and establish the basics for their p
6757	3	ression of several bacterial phenotypic traits including virulence factors. investigations on t  investigations on the global regulatory function of leux, rfah, reca and rpos loci of extra int  pable to evoke protective immunity. the behavior of wild type strains, their mutants and transc
10191	3	they respond antagonistically with the production of extracellular enzymes, and volatile and d  ll also aid the understanding of fungal community development and soil invertebrate population   d the understanding of fungal community development and soil invertebrate population biology. s
11040	1	urements that tell us about the rate of climate change and its effects. our work will increase
10002	22	determining the distribution and abundance of life is challenging, espe         determining the distribution and abundance of life is challenging, especially in the dee  gions directly influences the burial of carbon and nutrient cycling. long-term research has now  ger animals in the deep sea can vary in density by orders of magnitude, with concurrent changes  ude, with concurrent changes in average body size, over periods as short as months. these varia  ons are widely believed to be linked to climate-driven variation in the food supply to the deep  stances approaching 100 km or more, the abundance of deep-sea life is related to surface produc   of deep-sea life is related to surface productivity in the waters above. thus the deep sea cou  hat alter surface ocean conditions like climate change, fishery activity, or ocean iron fertili  an increase in the understanding of how climate and surface processes affect deep-sea communiti  mited by sampling error from undetected habitat heterogeneity and sediment mixing indicators me  om undetected habitat heterogeneity and sediment mixing indicators measured in oceans2025 and o  bitat heterogeneity and sediment mixing indicators measured in oceans2025 and other nocs projec  ns2025 and other nocs projects, and the abundance and size measures collected here to create ma  asures collected here to create maps of ecological function. this will show how factors such as   factors such as hills, food supply, or community composition relate spatially to respiration a  mmunity composition relate spatially to respiration and sediment mixing. that knowledge will pr  ion relate spatially to respiration and sediment mixing. that knowledge will provide important   t into how spatially pervasive temporal climate change impacts might be, a significant input fo  pacts might be, a significant input for ecosystem and carbon budget modelling. our effort will   , a significant input for ecosystem and carbon budget modelling. our effort will also have impa  t input for ecosystem and carbon budget modelling. our effort will also have impacts on future
13501	16	processes like grazing and productivity influence autotroph species richness. graz  roductivity influence autotroph species richness. grazing may reduce plant species richness thr  hness. grazing may reduce plant species richness through the loss of rare species, but increase  the loss of rare species, but increases richness if preferred food plants are competitively dom  sal of grazing effects on plant species richness between nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich ecosys  between nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich ecosystems, since nutrients increase the ability of pla  oor and nutrient-rich ecosystems, since nutrients increase the ability of plants to compensate   ing pressure leads to increased species richness in nutrient-rich ecosystems, but to decreased   eased species richness in nutrient-rich ecosystems, but to decreased species richness in nutrie  ch ecosystems, but to decreased species richness in nutrient poor ecosystems. peak richness is   eased species richness in nutrient poor ecosystems. peak richness is thus expected to shift fro  hness in nutrient poor ecosystems. peak richness is thus expected to shift from low to high nut  he interacting effects of consumers and nutrients on species richness might be stronger at high  s of consumers and nutrients on species richness might be stronger at high light intensities. i  azing in determining periphyton species richness. this proposal unites the determination of bio  iversity, the role of nutrient state in ecosystems, and the relative importance of bottom-up an
15370	7	the evolution of avian cavity nesting has been presumably f   conditions in order to optimize embryo development and nestling growth during nesting as well   ptimize embryo development and nestling growth during nesting as well as through the reduction   ing as well as through the reduction of predation risk of nest contents. however, avian nests i  te also an ideal microecosystem for the development of a diverse community of potentially patho  system for the development of a diverse community of potentially pathogenic organisms . we expe  to obtain a better understanding of the evolution and ecology of avian cavity nesting and of ho
2121	5	global change is expected to result in changes in the m  ental changes, and in which demographic traits those responses will be observed. these hypothes  d from long-term studies of demographic traits and population sizes of seabirds, which are comp  h will enable us to separate effects of climate, geography, taxonomy and life history.   cts of climate, geography, taxonomy and life history.
10285	4	one of the most important issues in climate policy over the next few years will be the choi  sion reductions to play a major role in climate mitigation policy. the research will contribute  uctions to play a major role in climate mitigation policy. the research will contribute useful   rize winning intergovernmental panel on climate change. it will be accompanied by a 2-way inter
14784	4	the high rate of mineralization of the soil organic matter, with the consequent decrease of th   of the quantity and the quality of the soil organic matter, as well as of the soil biochemical  d the relation with short and long-term productivity functions in the agroecosystem 4. construc  ultural managements, able to be used as indicator of agricultural sustainability in soils in ol
11743	2	of bacteria in natural populations of a community of aphids is an important factor shaping the   ant factor shaping the structure of the microbial community in aphids, then the microbiota in d
12463	5	of species and size composition 2. the development of indicators of discard issues 3. an analy   size composition 2. the development of indicators of discard issues 3. an analysis of the fact  ous steps, the elaboration of potential mitigation measures. key customer purpose: in the eu th  is key if we are to develop operational indicators and propose mitigation tools for fisheries m  elop operational indicators and propose mitigation tools for fisheries management.
15153	9	incorporated to the mainstream of plant community ecology in the last decades, and since then t  the most thoughtful lines of inquire on facilitation is the investigation of its ecological and  its ecological and evolutionary role in community assembly in arid and semi-arid climates. cons  regional species pool. in this context, facilitation, which ameliorates the abiotic conditions    proposed as a fundamental mechanism of community assembly and biodiversity conservation. in co   plant lianaeges, adapted to more mesic climate in the past, would be preserved through facilit  in the past, would be preserved through facilitation, a process giving rise to facilitation net   facilitation, a process giving rise to facilitation networks highly resistant to species extin  biodiversity of the region and, second, facilitation seems to operate as fundamental mechanism
400	9	biodiversity is indispensable to ecosystem production of goods and services and provides  diversity is indispensable to ecosystem production of goods and services and provides the basis   baltic sea in which populations of key ecosystem species are known to be genetically unique in  e functioning and the resilience of the ecosystem. baltgene will also assess the potential thre  to the unique diversity from fisheries, climate changes, aquaculture activities and habitat los  ate changes, aquaculture activities and habitat loss. fisheriesinduced selection is a serious t  us threat that might lead to lower fish production if management does not take the demographic    will respond to scenarios of decreased salinity and changed oceanic currents. baltgene will al  enetic biodiversity information into an ecosystem-based management of the baltic sea.
14113	1	ing and discussion about the baltic sea environment. the project aims to raise environmental aw
7572	2	majus snapdragon, a species widely used model in horticulture. in the pyrenees, has. majus is r  rtunity to build on the gains made on a model species for understanding evolutionary processes
12595	6	have potential benefits for a range of ecosystem services such as carbon capture and other gov  r a range of ecosystem services such as carbon capture and other government requirements such a   out peat changes the bog structure and hydrology and kills off the existing plants and animals  fects of these activities on future bog hydrology. the scope for amelioration of the potential   around the country adopting a landscape-scale approach to wetland conservation such as the manc  employment can be mitigated through the development of peat alternatives.
10281	2	astal zone are increasing due to global warming, with sea-level expected to rise by 0.5 m over    a natural buffer against incoming wave energy, hence the popularity of beach nourishment . our
6753	4	beef production mostly for export purposes was very importan  . hungary is going to join the european community. when eu member is beef cattle breeding will   ferent branches of agriculture. for the development of beef cattle breeding methods research ha   of the project is to contribute to the development by his new results.
15563	3	, wp3 is going to initiate an iterative evaluation process with participation of political and   te an iterative evaluation process with participation of political and scientific stakeholders,  ope, and valuation and marketing of the environmental services beech forests can provide. the r
13482	16	eractions zooplankton contribute to the energy flow in pelagic food webs and to the downward fl  ontribute to the energy flow in pelagic food webs and to the downward flux of organic matter. b  c food webs and to the downward flux of organic matter. behavior and sensory functions of zoopl  to the downward flux of organic matter. behavior and sensory functions of zooplankton thus play  uring and functioning of marine pelagic ecosystems. despite that motility has large consequence  hat motility has large consequences for growth and predation risk and that it can be altered in  y has large consequences for growth and predation risk and that it can be altered instantaneous  ptimality and adaptive value of plastic behavior is rarely considered in model studies. here we  lastic behavior is rarely considered in model studies. here we aim at quantifying the degree of  odels and experiments. we will quantify behavior and behavioral plasticity in response to cues   asticity in response to cues related to predators, prey and the environment considering both ch  cues related to predators, prey and the environment considering both chemical and hydrodynamic   ydrodynamic signals. by combining small-scale process-models and dynamic programming we will ex  ased understanding of zooplankton small scale behavioral processes is needed for a comprehensiv   comprehensive understanding of pelagic ecosystems and their biodiversity, and necessary if we    resources wisely while confronted with climate change and increased maritime activities.
15487	5	nest predation and inter-specific brood parasitism are mayor  led breeding behaviour and life-history traits in birds. recently, it has been suggested that,   sted that, apart from lethal effects of predation, the modification of behaviour to reduce pred  the modification of behaviour to reduce predation risk to quantify the effects of predation and  edation risk to quantify the effects of predation and brood parasitism risk on reproductive suc
14152	17	production of stress hormones in response to variety of                            production of stress hormones in response to variety of stressors may  r, relatively little is known about the development of physiological and behavioural stress res  opment of physiological and behavioural stress responses in developing young of wild birds. thu   thus to understand the adaptiveness of stress responses and their effects on offspring quality  his project, we plan to investigate the development of behavioural and adrenocortical stress re  pment of behavioural and adrenocortical stress responses, its environment-dependent variability  nd adrenocortical stress responses, its environment-dependent variability and extended effects    and extended effects on physiology and growth of the young in altricial birds. using experimen  test the following hypotheses: repeated stress influences nestlings’ immune function, growth an  ted stress influences nestlings’ immune function, growth and post-fledging mortality. the resul   influences nestlings’ immune function, growth and post-fledging mortality. the results of the   mune function, growth and post-fledging mortality. the results of the project can be of general  chanisms of developmental plasticity of stress responses and helping us to understand the role   g us to understand the role of repeated stress on different aspects of offspring development an  tress on different aspects of offspring development and subsequent fitness. this project can al  s regarding a link between the maternal stress and offspring subsequent quality.
13503	12	onnections between these behaviours and growth rates in a common environment, and physiological  behaviours and growth rates in a common environment, and physiological stress response, will be  a common environment, and physiological stress response, will be studied. the perch has lately    is assumed to be connected with innate traits in individual fish, which has been found in salm  almonid fishes. the knowledge about the development of individual traits and differences betwee  dge about the development of individual traits and differences between populations in growth pe   and differences between populations in growth performance and stress levels is important for t  n populations in growth performance and stress levels is important for the selection of perch s  for farming, both regarding welfare and production issues. whether differences in behaviour and  s. whether differences in behaviour and growth, already found between individual perch, are inh  m experiments by comparing boldness and growth in fish from different populations raised in the  ifferent populations raised in the same environment, and by investigating the consistency of be
11602	4	boratory, to investigate the year round energy expenditure of a top predator of the southern oc   year round energy expenditure of a top predator of the southern ocean, the king penguin. the s  otential usefulness of king penguins as indicators of fluctuations in biological resources and   luctuations in biological resources and climate, thus providing important information for the m
14717	5	ontroversial. understanding the role of behavior on diversification processes requires the inte  erstand how animals interact with their environment and then test how behavioral shifts affects  ive approach to investigate the role of behavior on processes of adaptive diversification in bi  nts there is selection on morphological traits. the integration of these three levels of study   tested hypothesis that behaviour drives evolution.
14974	10	confronted with alterations in their environment, animals can avoid extinction through the d  nimals can avoid extinction through the development of behavioural adjustments. a growing body   ources or to develop responses to novel predators. despite the progress, there are two major qu   insufficiently understood: what is the function of learning in the relationship of animals wit   the relationship of animals with their environment and as species model to test experimentally  s with their environment and as species model to test experimentally whether learning helps ind  to survive under conditions of foraging stress. second, we will use a comparative approach to e  s respond environmental threats such as habitat destruction or climate change. using this two-l   threats such as habitat destruction or climate change. using this two-level approach, we hope   which animals respond to changes in the environment, which hopefully will increase our power to
14338	1	to integrate findings on microbial taxa distribution with results from ambio. 7. to obtain a fi
14329	2	workshops covering different aspects of ecosystems services research. the workshops are in engl  the gaps between es-research and policy development. what research is needed and for what polic
14304	1	ientific support plan for a sustainable development policy ' spsd ii ' part 3: supporti
2212	2	the social, or economic, and ecological environment. our main objectives are to: • increase the  timal and or cost efficient regulations/incentives schemes may be designed.
12718	1	tion that sssis make to the delivery of ecosystem goods and services both on the site and withi
11319	1	nformation against which the process of recovery following cessation of fisheries can be assess
11320	1	nformation against which the process of recovery following cessation of fisheries can be assess
11585	1	nformation against which the process of recovery following cessation of fisheries can be assess
10200	2	biostratigraphic and palaeoceanographic indicators, and test the idea of using morphogroups to   morphogroups to provide a proxy for the oxygen content of deep water. this study will serve as
2476	12	s a basis for the selection and further development of benthic indicator organisms for the moni  tion and further development of benthic indicator organisms for the monitoring of contaminants    endpoints and contaminants in selected indicator organisms. a secondary objective will be to e  posure and effects for pahs in selected indicators. biodiversity indicators will be developed b  hs in selected indicators. biodiversity indicators will be developed by applying a number of cl  entific basis for proposing appropriate indicators and to establish a baseline that is unrelate  xt of a changing barents sea, examining climate-related ecosystem changes and petroleum industr   barents sea, examining climate-related ecosystem changes and petroleum industry activities in   ture changes may affect the validity of indicators developed for the present day barents sea. i  y, ecobar will achieve a set of benthic indicators with maximum flexibility and validity for as  ed research projects on the barents sea ecosystem which are led by or have significant particip  em which are led by or have significant participation by scientists from ecobar.
10744	6	osed for surficial sediments across the oxygen minimum zone on the pakistan margin. a quantitat  l processes. objectives are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon,   are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon, b redox status and fluxe  reon, b redox status and fluxes of doc, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om   c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will  the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om distributions, and will
11255	6	osed for surficial sediments across the oxygen minimum zone on the pakistan margin. a quantitat  l processes. objectives are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon,   are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon, b redox status and fluxe  reon, b redox status and fluxes of doc, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om   c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will  the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om distributions, and will
11259	6	osed for surficial sediments across the oxygen minimum zone on the pakistan margin. a quantitat  l processes. objectives are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon,   are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon, b redox status and fluxe  reon, b redox status and fluxes of doc, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om   c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will  the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om distributions, and will
11356	6	osed for surficial sediments across the oxygen minimum zone on the pakistan margin. a quantitat  l processes. objectives are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon,   are to assess a community structure and function and controls thereon, c redox status and fluxe  reon, c redox status and fluxes of doc, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om   c, nutrients and trace metals, c faunal organic matter om burial efficiencies. the results will  the role of the benthos as a control on sediment biogeochemistry and om distributions, and will
10450	1	iron is essential to the growth of marine micro-organisms, and when concentratio
12606	3	the overall aim of this project is to review recent research on practices for managing soil o  cent research on practices for managing soil organic matter and lowland' agriculture in england  ighlighted. additionally, the potential carbon storage achievable with each management option w
10988	1	a, stakeholders and the nerc scientific community.
11595	12	evolution is change over time. most people know of evol  s change over time. most people know of evolution in terms of responses to man-made influences   o man-made influences - bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics; industrial pollution led to   iotics; industrial pollution led to the evolution of dark forms of the peppered moth. however,   ered moth. however, in natural systems, evolution is most rapid in genes that contribute to par  volved in parasite infectivity and host resistance should evolve more quickly than others. this  y than others. this theory noticed that evolution would be rapid where there was mutual antagon  parasites must adapt to circumvent this resistance runs rapidly with the evil red queen, yet ge  est an alternative explanation for fast evolution of parasite genes rarely examined to date: pa  ce. following a host switch, the entire environment of the parasite is different, and a parasit  ry that host shifts drive fast parasite evolution. in the laboratory, we will produce host shif  has colonised through host switching in nature. by comparing the differences seen between bacte
14285	1	cture and dynamics of coastal and shelf ecosystems in the perspective of global changes
7260	3	e effects of the exploitation of marine ecosystem goods and services that biodiversity provides  l number of acceptable operators by the ecosystem in a dual economic and ecological approach. h  oach. he develops a dynamic multi-agent model using game theory and viable control theory. it o
14997	3	o observe the influence of altitude and temperature on abundance and density of phlebotomine. a  nfluence of altitude and temperature on abundance and density of phlebotomine. also we catch sa  titude and temperature on abundance and density of phlebotomine. also we catch sandflies in the
14996	9	s. few data are available concernig the distribution and bio-ecology of sand flies in the balea  man leishmaniosis indicate an irregular distribution of these protozoosis between the different   delimitant factor of this heterogenous distribution is the sand fly fauna. the probability of   een the possible vectors depends on the abundance of the vector, its survival, the bite ratio,   rs depends on the climatic factors. the temperature and the relative humidity are the climatic   the possibility exists that extends the distribution area of the vectors, as much in latitude a   reason, is also tried the study of the distribution and biology of the leishmaniosois vectors   ntioned areas. the data obtained on the distribution, density, activity period, survival, paras   the data obtained on the distribution, density, activity period, survival, parasitism by leish
2472	6	rstanding how to bio-engineer livestock production landscapes in nicaragua, i. e. how to exploi  l system that maximizes provisioning of ecosystem services and economically efficient food prod  ervices and economically efficient food production at the farm and landscape level. we will ass  ovide in two study areas with different climate, which of these functions and services are farm  ecies combinations can best serve multi-function sps at the farm and landscape scale, analyzing  -function sps at the farm and landscape scale, analyzing trade-offs and synergies between funct
7249	4	al contamination and its impacts on the ecosystem. the biological indices currently used to def  politan territory: reflections of urban development in ile de france network of r2ds. sisteo th  oject aims to analyze the impact of the development of metropolitan paris in the suburban terri  mination and biological response of the ecosystem adapted to high anthropogenic hydrological sy
14200	3	the pollution of freshwater ecosystems by potentially hazardous chemicals is very a  sed to evaluate the effect of dissolved organic matter on toxicity of contaminants. this invest  ent of hazards of chemicals for aquatic ecosystems. the obtained results will provide the data
15347	2	gh humidity along the year, an abundant colonization and development of phototrophic biofilms c   the year, an abundant colonization and development of phototrophic biofilms can be observed wh
12044	5	es that different scenarii of landscape evolution would have on the dynamics and persistence of  whose objectives are to a determine the traits of landscapes favourable to biodiversity at the   able to biodiversity at the species and community levels; the processes that underlie these lan  processes that underlie these landscape traits not only at small temporal and spatial scale .   e traits not only at small temporal and spatial scale .
12015	12	the protection of nature imposes the twin requirements of conserving biod   biodiversity and fostering sustainable development. to achieve these ends instruments must be   ween local communities and the specific environment that surrounds them. the growing predilecti  ocalised products and the new status of nature as patrimony have been widely studied in recent   outh, studies of prominent products and production chains, from bourbon vanilla to millet beers  jor emerging trends: promotion of local production and specialities to spur local economic deve  and specialities to spur local economic development; taking local production and specialities i  ocal economic development; taking local production and specialities into account under policies  ultural diversity; utilisation of local production and specialities as instruments in wider pro  gmentation; recognition of the value of ecological services; creation of original local arrange  l peoples patrimony and heritage. rural development and conservation of biological and cultural   structures explicitly link sustainable production modes, the intrinsic and extrinsic quality o
13335	1	of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystems are major scientific and societal challenges
13312	1	ven stages: -inventory, description and classification of biodiversity research programmes and
2492	10	mammal species in europe, with current model-based forecasts predicting high rates of extincti  es in how species respond to changes in habitat availability. central to this problem is the ha  ability. central to this problem is the habitat tracking hypothesis, which states that populati   populations will respond to changes in habitat availability by altering their distributions ac  determine the probability and extent of climate-induced habitat tracking in european mammals. w  obability and extent of climate-induced habitat tracking in european mammals. we will combine r  ped ancient dna approaches with species distribution models to construct a detailed investigati  o construct a detailed investigation of habitat tracking in nine model species in real time thr  vestigation of habitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 year  empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and impr
2493	12	uch as voles and lemmings with cyclical population dynamics has taken place nearly simultaneous  o originate from change in land use and climate, have the potential to lead to ecosystem re-org   climate, have the potential to lead to ecosystem re-organisation and therefore represent a cha  ersity. in particular, several european predator species of high conservation concern are intim   transmitted to other components of the food web owing to cascading indirect effects. along wit  ents of the food web owing to cascading indirect effects. along with outstanding issues of theo   theoretical interest in population and food web ecology, a main objective of this project is t  te impacts on demographic parameters of predators that exploit cyclically fluctuating herbivore  act directly on population viability of predators; 4. and indirectly influence other species in  directly influence other species in the food web through cascading effects. within the last wor  s tested that pertain to the impacts of climate and land-use changes on biodiversity and to the  on management of exploited and pristine ecosystems in four european countries.
12676	3	overseas territories and international development. the mechanism for such a common call has s  consequences of biodiversity changes on ecosystem functioning and services; 2. step up assessme  biodiversity at population, species and community level in europe and provide wide access to th
7104	6	the space by intensifying agricultural production on part of the territory so as to release th  s and reserves associated with the full development of agriculture and tourism that was the rul  alance of pnr and have often taken as a model. it seems to us important to note is that the zon   effects of human impact on the natural environment versus environmental protection hampers eco   protection hampers economic and social development. attempt to methodically examine different   t situations anthropization. methods of recovery, in addition to seminars and publications stan
516	15	onsists in dividing the area through an intensification of the agricultural production on a par   an intensification of the agricultural production on a part of the territory so as to liberate  nd reservoirs totally associated to the development of agriculture and tourism. this was the ru  he pnr report and have often used is as model. what we find important to highlight is that the   mental protection strategies enter into competition with other socially important uses of the t  ural areas versus the protection of the environment, which compromise the economic and social d  hich compromise the economic and social development. trying to methodically examine different s  opization within a context of worldwide competition, the evolutions of the cost of energy or th  petition, the evolutions of the cost of energy or the acknowledgement of the greenhouse effect.  anean agriculture, the pre-urbanization development plays an important role in reducing progres  ble for agriculture, in multiplying the competition for access to land resource and in favourin  has a vague sense and may refer to: the functional diversity evaluated either by the number of   esent in one area, or by the presence / abundance of some species / groups of species having a   ly important role in the functioning of ecosystems or agrosystems the patrimonial biodiversity   hich society is giving great importance indicators linked to these diversities such as the dive
11505	7	agriculture, ecosystems, and humans have co-evolved over millennia i  nge of domesticated crops and landraces ecosystem management options in centers of crop origin   mes 1. increased benefits obtained from ecosystem services by local low-income populations thro   and empowerment * regulating--of yield stability and resilience 2. results of trade-off modeli   and resilience 2. results of trade-off modeling and biosocial assessment of conservation strat  ersity whilst mitigating the effects of environmental change 3. economic and social exchanges o  ted by value-chain actors 4. macrolevel ecosystem management strategies adopted, involving inte
11619	2	in all environments carbon and nutrients are recycled by organisms that dec           in all environments carbon and nutrients are recycled by organisms that decompose dead
11234	5	grazer mobility, and attendant loss of ecosystem services and of poor people s livelihoods. th  d materials use conceptually innovative modelling, alongside major extant datasets, and a cross  l and socioecological dimensions of the ecosystems studied, advanced modelling capabilities, an  ons of the ecosystems studied, advanced modelling capabilities, and outstanding experience in c   credible and relevant insight into the ecosystem services and poverty implications of differen
10724	1	ental agencies to assess the health and carbon budgets of soil and freshwater environments.
451	4	s entirely on the coralline and oceanic ecosystem. the atolls, dispersed along a long latitudin  ne areas - in what way can the specific richness of these areas be compared to that observed in  ns may one draw on the endemism and the evolution of marine species in the maldives - with the   t is the status of the resource and its habitat are the essential habitats used throughout the
14677	5	project is to determine the diversity, distribution and space-time structure as well as the fu  ime structure as well as the functional stability of the microbial mats of the ebro delta . thu  bial mats are the paradigm of a minimal ecosystem. the definition of the requirements for the s  d persistence of organisms in a minimal ecosystem is presently essential to search for extrater   life and to essay the establishment of ecosystems out of the earth.
11774	4	ecosystem processes and community structure are inextri                  ecosystem processes and community structure are inextricably linked, as reveale  pecifically on the potential impacts of climate change, which has been identified as a major st  f surveys, experiments and mathematical modelling.
10746	13	the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem function has been a focus of recent research.  on has been a focus of recent research. spatial heterogeneity is a characteristic of many ecosy  terogeneity is a characteristic of many ecosystems, but its effects on the biodiversity-ecosyst  many ecosystems, but its effects on the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship have not b  . this project will examine the role of heterogeneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem  geneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem function using an integrated modelling and ex   ecosystem function using an integrated modelling and experimental approach in an estuarine sys  mental approach in an estuarine system. mesocosm experiments will be used to determine: the rel  ionship between biomass composition and ecosystem function level within a patch. the experiment  d to parameterise a spatial patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocos  rameterise a spatial patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocosm exper  odel predictions will be tested against mesocosm experiments incorporating multiple habitat pat  cosm experiments incorporating multiple habitat patches.
11442	13	the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem function has been a focus of recent research.  on has been a focus of recent research. spatial heterogeneity is a characteristic of many ecosy  terogeneity is a characteristic of many ecosystems, but its effects on the biodiversity-ecosyst  many ecosystems, but its effects on the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship have not b  . this project will examine the role of heterogeneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem  geneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem function using an integrated modelling and ex   ecosystem function using an integrated modelling and experimental approach in an estuarine sys  mental approach in an estuarine system. mesocosm experiments will be used to determine: the rel  ionship between biomass composition and ecosystem function level within a patch. the experiment  d to parameterise a spatial patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocos  rameterise a spatial patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocosm exper  odel predictions will be tested against mesocosm experiments incorporating multiple habitat pat  cosm experiments incorporating multiple habitat patches.
11508	13	the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem function has been a focus of recent research.  on has been a focus of recent research. spatial heterogeneity is a characteristic of many ecosy  terogeneity is a characteristic of many ecosystems, but its effects on the biodiversity-ecosyst  many ecosystems, but its effects on the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship have not b  . this project will examine the role of heterogeneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem  geneity and biodiversity in determining ecosystem function using an integrated modelling and ex   ecosystem function using an integrated modelling and experimental approach in an estuarine sys  mental approach in an estuarine system. mesocosm experiments will be used to determine: the rel  ionship between biomass composition and ecosystem function level within a patch. the experiment  d to parameterise a spatial patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocos  rameterise a spatial patch-based model. model predictions will be tested against mesocosm exper  odel predictions will be tested against mesocosm experiments incorporating multiple habitat pat  cosm experiments incorporating multiple habitat patches.
532	1	ementary sub-objectives : 1- at a local scale and different social justifications of biodiversi
7216	4	tory missions, monitor the post- larval recruitment estuary in the three types of systems will    combination of field data, analyzes of population dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will  alyzes of population dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will help to clarify the operation   of population dynamics and large-scale remote sensing will help to clarify the operation of re
531	1	the integration of biodiversity in the evolution of agriculture, through the evolutions proble
7118	1	he incorporation of biodiversity in the evolution of agriculture through the issue of changes i
14418	2	the biological protection of our forest ecosystems. the main goals of the proposed project are:  • to establish the species composition, distribution and prevalence of entomopathogens will be
14846	8	been established that the biodiversity abundance, and metabolic capabilities of the kingdom cr  le in biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems that may act as chemoautotrophs, oxidizing a  s chemoautotrophs, oxidizing ammonia to nitrate and fixing inorganic carbon in the dark. in add  ammonia to nitrate and fixing inorganic carbon in the dark. in addition, they also seem to be a  em to be an important source of organic carbon in the sediments of aquatic systems. the project  ic origin to its present day world-wide distribution. it is foreseen that crenyc will result in  tanding of the biodiversity and role in nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycling of this enig  e biodiversity and role in nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycling of this enigmatic group o
14845	8	been established that the biodiversity, abundance and metabolic capabilities of the kingdom cre  le in biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems that may act as chemoautotrophs, oxidizing a  s chemoautotrophs, oxidizing ammonia to nitrate and fixing inorganic carbon in the dark. in add  ammonia to nitrate and fixing inorganic carbon in the dark. in addition, they also seem to be a  em to be an important source of organic carbon in the sediments of aquatic systems. the project  ic origin to its present day world-wide distribution. it is foreseen that crenyc will result in  tanding of the biodiversity and role in nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycling of this enig  e biodiversity and role in nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycling of this enigmatic group o
14804	7	d artificial subterranean cavities with ecosystems worth of study because they contain an inter  isms and animals whose interactions and function in the ecosystem is unknown. complex bacterial   whose interactions and function in the ecosystem is unknown. complex bacterial communities are  . caves constitute a largely unexplored habitat and it is needed a clearer understanding of the  ing of the microbial diversity of these ecosystems. the aim is not only to know the biodiversit  so to know more about its structure and function. for this purpose, a must is to develop and te  he metabolically active fraction of the community. fluorescently-labeled probes and in situ hyb
409	2	scales, from single trees to very large nature reserves. the goal of the project is to identify   of biodiversity are considered through modelling approaches.
11514	11	f such loss on the functioning of whole ecosystems is high. the proposed research will examine   ects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a tractable model system-tide pool  marine environment by using a tractable model system-tide pools on rocky shores. these pools ac  the tide out period allowing a range of ecosystem processes including community respiration, pr   range of ecosystem processes including community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling a  ecosystem processes including community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling and accumul  cesses including community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling and accumulation of biom   between algal and faunal diversity and ecosystem processes in a range of contrasting environme  luscs. the consequences of such loss to ecosystem function will be measured over a 2 year perio   measured over a 2 year period. finally modelling will integrate the correlative and manipulati  ding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.
9925	11	f such loss on the functioning of whole ecosystems is high. the proposed research will examine   ects of biodiversity loss in the marine environment by using a tractable model system-tide pool  marine environment by using a tractable model system-tide pools on rocky shores. these pools ac  the tide out period allowing a range of ecosystem processes including community respiration, pr   range of ecosystem processes including community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling a  ecosystem processes including community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling and accumul  cesses including community respiration, productivity, nutrient cycling and accumulation of biom   between algal and faunal diversity and ecosystem processes in a range of contrasting environme  luscs. the consequences of such loss to ecosystem function will be measured over a 2 year perio   measured over a 2 year period. finally modelling will integrate the correlative and manipulati  ding of biodiversity loss in the marine environment.
1977	10	mparative study on the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of lophelia pertusa and madrepora   chemoautotrophic prokaryotes obtaining energy and carbon from cold seeps e.g. via methane. ben  rophic prokaryotes obtaining energy and carbon from cold seeps e.g. via methane. benthic lander  rgy and carbon from cold seeps e.g. via methane. benthic landers will be put in for in situ stu   be put in for in situ studies of coral growth and calcification and for assessing ecosystem fu  wth and calcification and for assessing ecosystem functions such as providing structural framew  uch as providing structural frameworks, community respiration and organic matter remineralizati  viding structural frameworks, community respiration and organic matter remineralization. the po  l frameworks, community respiration and organic matter remineralization. the potential link bet  potential link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning will be investigated for dwcrs an
6891	6	and-use changes may considerably affect ecological integrity, thus a further decline in biodive   in biodiversity can only be avoided if nature conservation and socio-economic priorities are c  hips between land-use, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. in a collaboration between leadi  at hungarian plain based on data from a habitat mapping to be finished in 2005. the major outco  rian plain based on data from a habitat mapping to be finished in 2005. the major outcome of th  which provides recommendations on rural development and sustainable land-use. the expert sytems
396	6	es. it is likely that, depending on the traits and dispersal ability of different organisms and  ike organic farming on biodiversity and ecosystem services thus requires knowledge of both the   problem based on recent developments in metacommunity and landscape ecology. we will examine pl   predatory insects, pollinators and two ecosystem services along a time-since-transition gradie  nsition gradient crossed with the large-scale gradient in landscapes established in our previou  ong-term effects of organic farming and landscape change on biodiversity.
11310	1	ivotal importance for understanding the evolution of eukaryotes as a whole. ribosomal rna compa
15337	7	lignisation processes, no comprehensive model bringing together the evolution, basic and infect  mprehensive model bringing together the evolution, basic and infection biology and epidemiology   provided thus far. our knowledge on pv evolution is rather scarce and still based on assumptio  low mutation rate. our previous results stress the concept that different viruses are different  sures that have driven the differential evolution of the pvs, their differential interaction wi   will generate global hypotheses on the distribution and evolution of these viruses, related to  obal hypotheses on the distribution and evolution of these viruses, related to their hosts. the
7021	9	rooding patterns and larval biology and evaluation of possibilities of migration for different   logy and evaluation of possibilities of migration for different taxa of cheilostomate bryozoa.   sult in a detailed understanding of the distribution of bryozoa in space and time aiming to inv  me aiming to investigate the origin and evolution of faunas in the paratethys. rich collections  gle faunal elements: a documentation of distribution patterns will be used to test the hypothes   in general and to basic aspects of the development of bryozoan faunas, existing under pressure   faunas, existing under pressure of the global change. realizing the great importance of this g  ntribute to a detailed knowledge of the development of ecosystems in the paratethys.   etailed knowledge of the development of ecosystems in the paratethys.
14795	3	s by which bacteria sequentially reduce nitrate will be used to analyse the proportion of the n  e used to analyse the proportion of the nitrogen oxides gases, including n2, being released int  ucture and dinamics of the denitrifying community and to study its contribution to greenhose ga
11750	1	sequencing. to make higher level amoeba classification evolutionarily sounder we shall also seq
12518	2	c farming practices on biodiversity and environment recommendation that research be conducted i  f duration under organic management and scale effects, to identify features of organic systems
13729	6	nary project aimed at understanding how ecosystem resilience in managed landscapes is linked to   a key natural resource for maintaining ecosystem functioning and thereby ecological resilience  ms that contribute to the resilience of ecosystems. the specific goals are: * to examine how bi  examine how biodiversity contributes to ecosystem services like pollination and resilience in s  tion and resilience in selected managed ecosystems. * to identify institutional mechanisms for   echanisms for sustaining resilience and functional diversity. * to examine how the spatial and
13947	5	esent project is to investigate how the trophic structure of local communities, spatial structu   species affects the response of a meta-community to local and global losses of species. to acc  s. to accomplish this we develop a meta-community viability analysis that generates risk assess  y that the number of species in an meta-community falls below some given level following the lo  reat promise for identifying vulnerable ecosystems and keystone species.
14186	3	ess the establishment, biodiversity and stability of lactic acid bacteria and yeast population    the properties obtained the predictive modeling on stability of theses strains in sourdough sy  ies obtained the predictive modeling on stability of theses strains in sourdough system will be
12650	2	provide an evidence base to support the development of policies to improve the conservation of   ability of the marine system to deliver ecosystem goods and services.
520	2	area. it also has for goal to analyze a development project in favour of biodiversity on an aoc  le the follow-up of the project and the evaluation of the implemented actions.
7108	3	ne territory. it also aims to analyze a development project in favor of biodiversity at the sca  project in favor of biodiversity at the scale of an aoc as a result of a local initiative. the   atory that will monitor the project and evaluation of actions implemented
521	2	tion of origin in positioning them on a scale containing five levels of diversity. this tool wi  , produced, used within which aoc dairy production farms, and using what practices which are th
7674	6	veness of the management over long time scale . in this project we will simulate elephant abund   this project we will simulate elephant abundance scenarios and their effects on tree diversity  comes under various downscaled regional climate projections and current management practices wi  who will then be engaged in a companion modelling exercise to model the ecologically-based deci  ed in a companion modelling exercise to model the ecologically-based decision rules governing w   the ecological and human dimensions of ecosystem functioning, facilitates their incorporation
14114	2	understanding the origin of present-day ecosystems. this project will elucidate how biodiversit  and biodiversity changes can be used as indicators in predicting future patterns of biotic chan
437	1	biodiversity at a century and millenium scale. it was developed in four directions: . the histo
7158	3	predicting the effects of global change on biodiversity at large spatial scales.    can predict the variability of species richness and extinction rates and local turnover will b  ssues important to assess the impact of global change on biodiversity dynamics.
442	2	ties. using approaches accounting for a heterogeneity in species detectability and for spatial   a, we found that not only local species richness can be affected by landscape structure, but it
13942	8	on increases with increasing species or functional group diversity. 2. a more diverse community  onal group diversity. 2. a more diverse community has the potential to transfer more carbon up   nity has the potential to transfer more carbon up the food chain. 3. a more diverse community b  on up the food chain. 3. a more diverse community buries more organic matter deeper in the sedi  3. a more diverse community buries more organic matter deeper in the sediment. 4. nodularin and  uries more organic matter deeper in the sediment. 4. nodularin and bmaa in cyanobacterial bloom  can accumulate in and reduce diversity, growth and survival of deposit-feeding invertebrates, a  rates, and be transferred to their fish predators. the results can be used to evaluate the like
7567	5	also the correlative study of mycotoxin production. using the model p. expansum producer of pat  tudy of mycotoxin production. using the model p. expansum producer of patulin, we analyze the e  sum producer of patulin, we analyze the evolution of the production during growth and the effec  atulin, we analyze the evolution of the production during growth and the effect of the usual ph   the evolution of the production during growth and the effect of the usual physiological and nu
2051	3	l investigate biodiversity in a natural ecosystem, believed to be reasonably representative of   ly representative of the coastal marine environment . through this cooperation the project will  l be able to develop a full statistical model for biodiversity without losing biological inform
7422	3	es resulting from the specialization of production systems, significantly reduced the diversity  ct of mycorrhizal biodiversity on wheat productivity and grain quality. this work will lay a so  or the operation of these new biotech / ecosystem tools of mycorrhiza in wheat farming and thus
7281	1	of researchers and practitioners in the development of the north pas de calais
14821	5	rranean coastal wetlands are considered ecosystems that deserve to be protected in a european c   and attractiveness for touristic-based development has led to a series of adverse impacts and   e area of highest rainfall in valencian community and with warm temperatures, permits species o  idered a refuge of biodiversity for its richness in different kinds of water body: streams, cha  itats. algae, however, are very precise ecological indicators and are widely used, alone or tog
456	2	combination of field data, analysis of population dynamics and the large-scale satellite sensi  is of population dynamics and the large-scale satellite sensing will make it possible to clarif
7262	2	associated with sunken wood deep marine environment has always been perceived as a zoological c  iated with sunken wood and identify new model organisms to understand in an evolutionary light,
9933	8	uropean biodiversity. a major source of nutrients to semi-natural ecosystems is atmospheric nit  jor source of nutrients to semi-natural ecosystems is atmospheric nitrogen deposition and exper   semi-natural ecosystems is atmospheric nitrogen deposition and experiments have suggested that  d experiments have suggested that these nutrients may reduce species richness.however, until ve  that these nutrients may reduce species richness.however, until very recently there was no clea  predictive equation to estimate species richness of similar sites based on n deposition.the cur  position is seriously impacting species richness on a wider scale across european grasslands an  y impacting species richness on a wider scale across european grasslands and to elucidate the m
7467	2	age of the services provided by aquatic ecosystems, but also to make it possible to establish e  k will help to shed light on how future climate and socioeconomic pressures will give rise to g
2137	9	the impacts of pronounced climate change are now apparent at various sites in the   converge on the prediction that future warming trends will be amplified at high northern latit  nderstanding of norways northern marine ecosystems and their responsiveness to environmental ch   ecosystems and their responsiveness to environmental change. the benthic biodiversity has been   closely related with variables such as productivity and sea surface temperature for which a st  es such as productivity and sea surface temperature for which a strong gradient is seen along t  ese two biodiversity drivers are highly climate-dependent and are expected to change with the p  e expected to change with the predicted warming. this funding request is for a post-doctoral fe   framework of the impacts of the global warming on the soft-bottom marine biodiversity in the n
474	4	ts in eukaryotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and mol  s of marine biodiversity change and for evaluation of its ecological and economic cost. the bio   database will become the largest world community resource on marine unicellular eukaryotic bio  compartment, and elevating the european community to the forefront of marine eukaryote microbia
1930	1	be divided over different functions in nature areas and in the agricultural landscape.
7583	1	iversity toxigenic molds to dry at room temperature in sterile sand. . strains of the collectio
14419	4	they are primary drivers of the global carbon cycle and they belong to the most valuable micro  rated that flowering plants and insects ecosystems harbor vast untapped diversity of yeasts. in  sity and ecology of yeasts in different ecosystems have attracted little systematic research in  portant properties from these bulgarian ecosystems. the research project will be accomplished i
7008	1	g information about yeast phylogeny and development of yeast endocytobiosis, discovering new sy
7286	1	on. a floristically diverse surrounding community with a rich assemblage of insects would reduc
7153	3	y, that the century or millennium. this scale is primarily documented by the exo or endo -skele  oup, which will result in an attempt to model the effects of human impact on animal biodiversit  impact on animal biodiversity in a time scale ranging from century to millennium. these case st
7211	7	country is based entirely on the coral ecosystem and ocean. atolls, distributed along a latitu  ocal / regional factors controlling the distribution of diversity. protected marine areas of th  the republic of maldives: • what is the habitat diversity and structure of coral communities en  of marine protected areas • how species richness of these sites does it compare with that obser  onclusions can be drawn on endemism and evolution of marine species of the maldives • fisheries  t is the status of the resource and its habitat critical habitats used during the life cycle of  etely mastered locally training in reef mapping, visual counting diving fish larvae capture and
14716	10	the edaphic ecosystem is complex, scaresly studied, with a large de  omplex trophic webs which depend on the productivity of natural and agricultural ecosystems. th  roductivity of natural and agricultural ecosystems. the isolation, identification and bioecolog  me of these organisms could lead to the development of new technologies. the aim of the project  pathogenic nematodes and evaluate there efficiency as an alternative technology in the biologic  th the aim of providing a base for tthe development of biocontrol agents which are environmenta  ion of autochtonous strains of epns; 2. evaluation of their virulence against spodoptera littor  ram of biodiversity, earth sciences and global change in the national subprograme of biodiversi   the thematic line of new technologies, development of technologies in the improvement of enivr  vement of enivronmental quality in land ecosystems
2499	8	esearch regarding utilization of marine ecosystems with emphasis on decision modeling of total   ne ecosystems with emphasis on decision modeling of total allowable catches in a broad multispe  roductive ocean areas in the world. the ecosystem is highly dynamic and volatile. the modeling   tem is highly dynamic and volatile. the modeling of a top-down and multidimensional bioeconomic  e validated by more detailed biological ecosystem models which, by themselves, lack the ability  lity to determine optimal policies. the modeling and integration of such a two-stage process ne  utting-edge academic quality beyond the ph.d. level. a successful outcome of the proposed proje  onomics and fishery research, numerical modeling of multidimensional stochastic bioprocesses, a
10969	4	ficant role in biofouling in the marine environment, and also in the pathogenesis of many infec  e have recently found that this form of competition occurs. preliminary studies of the effect o  nary studies of the effect of bacterial competition on biofilm disruption were carried out. a m  cus bioflim. the extent of this form of competition amongst marine bacteria will also be invest
13336	2	age of the services provided by aquatic ecosystems, but also to make it possible to establish e  k will help to shed light on how future climate and socioeconomic pressures will give rise to g
12026	1	n this project, we explore the roles of trophic interactions, vertical diversity and nutrient e
2511	7	since more than 10e9 years, nature operates endosymbiotic metabolic pathways in euk  ls. in plants, maintenance of the cells metabolism is compartmentalized. the metabolic stage of  loroplast are essential to maintain the metabolism of the photoautotrophic developmental state    proven extremely valuable to study the development of chloroplasts. upon illumination the onse  lumination the onset of photoautotrophy development can be precisely controlled to study the pr   utilize in darkness, differentiate the function of pigmentation changes in the cytb6f complex,   in the cytb6f complex, and resolve the function of chlorophyll binding to the lil3 protein. th
13485	2	biogenic phosphorus spectroscopy, the most powerful analysis met  xperiments and multivariate statistical evaluation of the results. this will answer questions r
10561	3	carbon is one of the essential elements required for li  s required for life to exist, alongside energy and liquid water. in contrast to other parts of   ts of the earth s biosphere, cycling of carbon compounds beneath glaciers and ice sheets is poo
15346	1	e monitoring of the processes up to the modelling, passing through the experimentation designed
15436	2	recent warming and variations in atmospheric circulation patte  years trough the analysis of lake dated sediment cores. we plan to identify similarities and di
11672	4	l zone contributes significantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the la  icantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the land by rivers and so reduc  ms, also contribute to the formation of nitrogen gases, some of which are important in global w  , some of which are important in global warming. while a lot of work has been done to measure t
11794	4	l zone contributes significantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the la  icantly to the nitrogen cycle, removing nitrogen washed in from the land by rivers and so reduc  ms, also contribute to the formation of nitrogen gases, some of which are important in global w  , some of which are important in global warming. while a lot of work has been done to measure t
10920	2	of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of rad  volume, the largest fraction predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different
11710	2	of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of rad  volume, the largest fraction predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different
11811	2	of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of rad  volume, the largest fraction predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different
11812	2	of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of rad  volume, the largest fraction predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different
9904	2	of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of rad  volume, the largest fraction predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different
9954	2	of nuclear power generation and weapons development, the uk has created large quantities of rad  volume, the largest fraction predictive modelling of the cdz, which will tie all the different
7273	3	mplex systems such as the amazon, local migration of freshwater fish are essential for maintain  hods icp- ms - and - mc- icp- ms in the growth rings of scales, including life history of fish   n the growth rings of scales, including life history of fish
10398	6	on the microbiota of a rarely explored environment and geochemical data that will provide clue  ce other potential areas for geothermal energy recovery, which could be contribute to the uk s   r potential areas for geothermal energy recovery, which could be contribute to the uk s renewab  uld be contribute to the uk s renewable energy portfolio. analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isoto  rgy portfolio. analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes will be used to identify the source of   al analysis will define the geochemical environment and process measurements coupled with analy
11449	1	the moorings will be instrumented with sediment traps, current meters, adcp, thermister chains
15206	13	of v. parahaemolyticus with pathogenic traits in the marine environment. these data contrast w  us with pathogenic traits in the marine environment. these data contrast with the low number of  thogenic strains detected in the marine environment have no relation with the strains causing i  ns of v. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment of galicia throughout one year. this inform   information allows us to determine the distribution and population dynamics of pathogenic v. p  ws us to determine the distribution and population dynamics of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus a  e environmental factors determining the abundance. in a second stage, the strains obtained in t  re, as well as to establish the spatial distribution of genotypes in association with the envir  on of genotypes in association with the environment. the strains recovered from galicia will be  s identified as pathogens in the marine environment could be assessed, allowing for an evaluati  ment could be assessed, allowing for an evaluation of the current virulence markers as suitable  e current virulence markers as suitable indicators of the pathogenic potential of any one strai   potential, ultimately allowing for the development of an enhanced environmental surveillance o
14853	1	d autoecological studies in its natural habitat. however, and as it has been observed, saliniba
11782	5	r the purposes of this study, the rapid evolution of centromeres is also very curious. centrome  , from the most devastating failures in growth and reproduction to reduced fertility among a ye  nt be evolving so fast might this rapid evolution have consequences for growth, fertility or th  s rapid evolution have consequences for growth, fertility or the reproductive isolation between  es and consequences of rapid centromere evolution.
182	1	tomentella bryophila or t. stuposa. the distribution of genets of tomentella sp. in transects w
10249	4	of biodiversity in the earth s largest ecosystem. the proposal is to visit a site on the south  species, revolutionised ideas about how ecosystems can be supplied with energy, and even provid  out how ecosystems can be supplied with energy, and even provided clues to the origins of life.   to understand what controls the global distribution of species in these island-like extreme en
14706	1	1.- infer the geographical history and evolution of the reptiles and amphibians around the wes
14937	10	distributions, but at the intraspecific scale it is fine tuned by population differentiation. e  ne tuned by population differentiation. evolution of parasite resistance could drive hosts popu   differentiation. evolution of parasite resistance could drive hosts population differentiation  hosts population differentiation if the distribution of parasites is heterogeneous among hosts   orted worldwide due to global trade and climate change. this project will study the biogeograph  we will examine to what extent parasite distribution drives the evolution of the mhc in the bla  extent parasite distribution drives the evolution of the mhc in the blackcap at the same geogra  iation in the context of the geographic distribution of parasites. the results of this project   ddition to the study of this species, a model in ecology and evolution. the project will also a  of this species, a model in ecology and evolution. the project will also allow training phd stu
6808	2	of the winter period combined with the evolution of different hibernation strategies. these pr  ispersal as some dominant groups of the vegetation and dispersal show a group-specific hierarch
11728	3	rial populations, and for environmental/climate change. this research will develop analytical p  l form the theoretical basis for future development of molecular tools to address microbial bio  iodiversity in natural environments and global change.
14115	8	racter of the components of the natural environment and integrated impact of human induced devi  on is also an indirect threat to future human well-being because of loss of biodiversity, parti  cies that perform critical tasks within ecosystems. there continues to be a steady decline in t   implement methods of biomonitoring for evaluation of air and precipitation pollution distribut  biomonitoring for evaluation of air and precipitation pollution distribution . 2.develop and im  tion of air and precipitation pollution distribution . 2.develop and implement biological indic  as. 3.to use bioindicational methods in evaluation of human activities impact on natural commun  tural communities and for indication of nature conservation value of communities. 4.to develop
15264	2	we have named a syndrome of strandings stress , in which clinical signs and lesions founded ar  ausing a failure of the therapy and the recovery of the involved animals. the purpose of our st
1101	16	dels for phylogenetic studies, from the development and application of new computational method  e and proteome, to studies on molecular modeling from protein structure-function studies are co  lecular modeling from protein structure-function studies are coordinated and lead to a national  cts are useful for the whole scientific community. the presence in the group of several profess  arning activities or simply through the production of multimedia support material for training.  bases and with analysis packages; - the development of new technologies for database indexing a   of palermo. wp2. comparative genomics. development of new computational methods for the analys  divided into 4 activities as follows: - development of new method for evolutionary studies and   ry studies and phylogenetic analysis; - development of new computational methods for sequence a   be on the use of agent technologies; - development of computational methods for microarray dat  and genome sequences of human and other model organisms; - transcriptome and proteome analysis;  ch of regulatory elements. wp4. protein modeling divided into four activities as follows: - lar  nto four activities as follows: - large scale modeling of globular and membrane proteins, - mul  ur activities as follows: - large scale modeling of globular and membrane proteins, - multidime  ar dynamics of dna-protein complexes; - development of algorithms and calculation codes for thr  calculation codes for three-dimensional modeling of biological macromolecules. wp5. implementat
7642	4	functional traits of organisms are central to their ada  f the soil and thus to the provision of ecosystem services. betsi the project aims to synthesiz  nformation on biological and ecological functional traits of soil invertebrates. originality of  ls specific to the compartment ' soil ' ecosystems
15074	6	ncidence of prematurity, low weight and mortality at birth. existing regional variation due to    1-analyze for the period 1983-2007 the evolution of the number of deliveries per province and    deliveries per province and autonomous community, single and multiple deliveries, dystrophic p  accomplished regarding the maternal age distribution and newborn weight. 2- identify territoria  fy territorial variations responding to heterogeneity for observed values. 3- identify relevant  ewborns per province and per autonomous community that could require special neonatal care.
14743	3	o the biotic diversity and integrity of ecosystems. the mechanisms that permit the initial esta   study of this issue are to: assess the habitat use and movement patterns in several aquatic ec  nd movement patterns in several aquatic ecosystems in order to evaluate the dispersion capacity
15120	24	d structure of the communities, and the food web organization. the high environmental variabili  ility, such as water level, nutrient or salinity fluctuations, and the environmental constraint  oastal lagoons, are determinant for the community structure in mediterranean shallow lentic eco  ructure in mediterranean shallow lentic ecosystems. the effects of the physical control act dir  he physical control act directly on the community structure, by means of the species selection   t also indirectly due to changes in the food web organization. the influence of the environment   of the environmental conditions on the biological traits of the top predators explains these c  ons on the biological traits of the top predators explains these changes and could imply a modi  s and could imply a modification of the predation pressure on the aquatic community. the main o  f the predation pressure on the aquatic community. the main objective of this project is to ana  ctive of this project is to analyse the predation effects on the food web functioning in medite  to analyse the predation effects on the food web functioning in mediterranean water bodies, and  iotic factors, characteristics of these ecosystems, modify or regulate the predation effects. i  hese ecosystems, modify or regulate the predation effects. in order to reach this objective we   ective we will study two shallow lentic ecosystems: temporary ponds, where the drought is a det   high variability of nutrient input and salinity are reported. these studies take into account   unt different trophic levels, from fish predation to intraguild predation in the microbial loop   trophic levels, from fish predation to intraguild predation in the microbial loop. we will dev  iments, using mesocosms with or without predator presence, as well as field studies in sites wi  field studies in sites with high or low predation density, in which we will compare the communi  ies in sites with high or low predation density, in which we will compare the community structu  n density, in which we will compare the community structure. in all the studies we will perform  in all the studies we will perform, the community structure will be analysed by means of two ap  oaches, taxonomic and functional, using community size structure.
11185	4	this project would enable the participation of stephen archer in an exciting, new zea   responsible for the measurement of the production rates of dimethylsulphoniopropionate analysi  system that will substantially increase productivity and to cover voyage-participation costs.   crease productivity and to cover voyage-participation costs.
10129	8	y to quantify the influence of climatic warming on the emission of co2 from soil by investigati  y investigating how soil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where tha  oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and   ity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and emitted - ie how much labeled co2 is  ted and which organisms use it in their metabolism. this will give us valuable information to i  ortant for constraining the response by soil respiration to climatic change and use our laborat   a new understanding of the response by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test h  esponse by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test how important biological diver
10417	8	y to quantify the influence of climatic warming on the emission of co2 from soil by investigati  y investigating how soil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where tha  oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and   ity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and emitted - ie how much labeled co2 is  ted and which organisms use it in their metabolism. this will give us valuable information to i  ortant for constraining the response by soil respiration to climatic change and use our laborat   a new understanding of the response by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test h  esponse by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test how important biological diver
11411	8	y to quantify the influence of climatic warming on the emission of co2 from soil by investigati  y investigating how soil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where tha  oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and   ity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and emitted - ie how much labeled co2 is  ted and which organisms use it in their metabolism. this will give us valuable information to i  ortant for constraining the response by soil respiration to climatic change and use our laborat   a new understanding of the response by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test h  esponse by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test how important biological diver
9891	8	y to quantify the influence of climatic warming on the emission of co2 from soil by investigati  y investigating how soil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where tha  oil biological and functional diversity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and   ity carbon isotope and trace where that carbon is used and emitted - ie how much labeled co2 is  ted and which organisms use it in their metabolism. this will give us valuable information to i  ortant for constraining the response by soil respiration to climatic change and use our laborat   a new understanding of the response by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test h  esponse by soil respiration to climatic warming and we will test how important biological diver
13943	1	n biological diversity . recent reserch stress the insufficient connection that exist between g
14420	8	project aims to study the effect of the climate factors, biological interrelations, environment  iodiversity, supporting the sustainable ecosystem functioning and optimal use of their biologic  ogical researches will be combined with gis-based and remote methods for describing and evaluat  d and remote methods for describing and evaluation of the hydro-morphological parameters of wat  qualitative and quantitative models for evaluation and prediction of the behaviour of studied s  n of the main mechanisms supporting the ecological integrity of the riparian wetlands with diff  the results obtained will be useful for development of the multidisciplinary approach in decisi  nsive anthropogenic pressure and global climate changes.
12681	6	process for collating and reporting on climate change induced trends in the abundance and dist  on climate change induced trends in the abundance and distribution of native species and in the  nge induced trends in the abundance and distribution of native species and in the extent and co  species and habitats most vulnerable to climate change. it will identify, develop and update in  e. it will identify, develop and update indicators of climate change induced trends which will   ntify, develop and update indicators of climate change induced trends which will be available o
14703	4	mediterranean river ecosystems, mainly in low and mid-order reaches, are su  ariations can be accentuated because of climate change effects. discharge changes drive biogeoc  vance. it is then necessary to know the function of the biological communities during such chan  icrobial loop. an important quantity of energy and matter processed by the river is flowing thr
2550	14	recent isolation of thermoacidophilic methane-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the verrucomicr  nging to the verrucomicrobia lineage of evolution has expanded our understanding of the diversi  standing of the diversity of biological methane oxidation. these microorganisms share the uniqu  ganisms share the unique ability to use methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as a sole carbon and   ane, a potent greenhouse gas, as a sole carbon and energy source. methylacidiphilum kamchatkens  nt greenhouse gas, as a sole carbon and energy source. methylacidiphilum kamchatkense, strain k  in kamchatka, russia, will be used as a model for further molecular and physiological analyses   molecular and physiological analyses of methane oxidation in these organisms, which possess 3-4  ved operons each encoding 3 particulate methane monooxygenase protein subunits. preliminary ana  onally expressed in kam1 under standard growth conditions. through further transcriptional and   novel subcellular micro-compartment for methane oxidation, compensating for the lack of the typ  so play a role in detoxification and/or carbon assimilation. the organelles will be purified fr  ct will provide novel insights into the evolution and diversity of biological methane oxidation  e evolution and diversity of biological methane oxidation, a presumed ancient metabolic trait a
14702	7	luvial systems and they form the global food web in streams. the trophic structure of fauna, fr  orm the global food web in streams. the trophic structure of fauna, from protozoa to macroinver  roinvertebrates, has a relevant role in organic matter processing and in biofilm structure. ben  base to material availability and their efficiency depends on organic matter inputs and autocht  ability and their efficiency depends on organic matter inputs and autochthonous primary product  matter inputs and autochthonous primary production. in mediterranean streams these characterist   besides changes on light intensity and temperature modulate intensity and relevance of biologi
14558	4	ee of parasitic infection.. analysis of abundance estimation will contribute to characterise th  yrenean populations. analyses of use of habitat and space will allow, respectively, to clarify   o highlight its spatial requirements in function of individual space use. parasitological studi  out sacrificing any animal, to know the nature of parasitic helminthofauna, potential diet, and
14421	9	estigate into and better understand the distribution, biology, ecology and paths of invasion of  ative effects on the native species and ecosystems. the following methods will be used: field o  karyological, molecular, embryological, gis-mapping, experimental, etc. in order to study popul  ological, molecular, embryological, gis-mapping, experimental, etc. in order to study populatio  haracteristics of ias, past and current distribution, plant communities susceptible for particu  ses and effectiveness of the methods of mitigation and control. it is expected that at the and    following results will be achieved: 1. gis-distribution maps of the invasive aliens species. 2  lowing results will be achieved: 1. gis-distribution maps of the invasive aliens species. 2. be   alien vascular plants. 5. measures for mitigation and control of worst ias tested. 6. paramete
15280	10	ong ago with their functions, roles and distribution in inland waters well established. however   established. however, knowledge of the distribution and functions of archaea have increased dr   most of them and no evidences on their metabolism or role within the ecosystem are available.    on their metabolism or role within the ecosystem are available. to overcome current limitation  le in biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems acting as nitrificant chemoauto/mixo-trophs   gy and population ecology to understand population dynamics and distributions in natural enviro  e natural frameworks to follow archaeal population dynamics using several molecular and geochem  igh-resolution technologies to describe community composition, the assembly rules, evaluation o  munity composition, the assembly rules, evaluation of the impact of their activity in the carbo   of the impact of their activity in the carbon fluxes, and metagenomic and 454 pyrosequencing t
15281	4	has discovered the enormous wealth and abundance of archaea both in aquatic environments and t  ies, optimal physiological activity and function in the ecosystem. only combining advanced mole  siological activity and function in the ecosystem. only combining advanced molecular and bioinf  he lake and determine their role in the ecosystem functioning
14575	4	e a significant component of the global environmental change and are viewed as one of the most   s of change in biodiversity at a global scale, usually with harmful ecological and economic eff  hids, through interference with natural predators and parasitoids and, accordingly, an eventual  an eventual harmful effect in tangerine production.
14951	3	cal interactions. by their ubiquity and abundance, ants establish many kinds of relations with   he completion of the map of the iberian distribution of the two supercolonies described in euro  e would complete the study of the local distribution of both supercolonies in the streets, park
13732	9	of great commercial interest to shorten production cycles and increase food production. however  ten production cycles and increase food production. however, there is growing concern over the   growing concern over the impact escaped growth hormone transgenic fish may have on the natural   transgenic fish may have on the natural environment. to predict these risks it is crucial to ob  ransgenic and non-transgenic fish under nature-like conditions. empirical data on this is, howe   of the potential risks associated with production of transgenic fish. in addition, these trans  ones interact with the organism and its environment to regulate behaviour, and to examine evolu  o examine evolutionary questions of why growth in nature often is below that physiologically po  evolutionary questions of why growth in nature often is below that physiologically possible. by
15026	4	ously the study of the fenology and the habitat will complement it. these experiments will allo  s. this assay will let to establish the life history and the optima conditions molecular experi  ll set up the optima conditions for the development and growth of the iberian species, essentia  tima conditions for the development and growth of the iberian species, essential for future use
14494	5	l to forget that it seems to approach a climate change that could involve an increase of the su  will provide us information about their function in iberian soil, including agriculture ones wh  y its important role in soil fertility, development of organic fertilizers, improvement of phys  nthly sampling and quantifying the cast production in laboratory microcosms and jail microcosms  y to investigate the transformations of organic matter during gut transit and their influences
14788	1	ors suggested that slugs can be used in soil health assessment in the manner that mussels and o
15564	4	ts in eukaryotic microbial taxonomy and evolution, marine biology and ecology, genomics and mol  s of marine biodiversity change and for evaluation of its ecological and economic cost. the bio   database will become the largest world community resource on marine unicellular eukaryotic bio  compartment, and elevating the european community to the forefront of marine eukaryote microbia
11506	3	biomass energy makes up 77% of the world primary renewable ener  s up 77% of the world primary renewable energy mix - or 10% of the total world energy mix will    energy mix - or 10% of the total world energy mix will help design appropriate research, commu
11601	9	tury is to improve our knowledge on how global change, including climate change and human modif  owledge on how global change, including climate change and human modifications of the earth s s   earth system, the status, dynamics and evolution of the terrestrial biosphere are the least un  hat the land surface is suffering large-scale and rapid changes in response to human demands fo  esources, with serious consequences for climate, biodiversity and sustainability. current gridd  ridded biomass information suitable for carbon cycle and earth system models does not exist, no  istent, accurate and frequently updated mapping of forest area, structure and change needed for  antify the terrestrial component of the carbon cycle and its links to the water cycle, will pro  n of major importance for societies and ecosystems, and will help to fill a crucial gap in the
11467	3	key scientific challenge is quantifying ecosystem biomass and productivity by scaling up observ  ge is quantifying ecosystem biomass and productivity by scaling up observations from individual  dividual holes to the glacier/ice sheet scale. highspy, our knowledge transfer partner have dev
6917	3	orphological characters relevant to the evolution of the reproductive isolation and in speciati  s and the polyandry, and with the sperm competition 2. can we detect the principle of parsimony  ciple of parsimony in the morphological evolution of the copulatory organs 3. whether the simil
14901	2	aim is to obtain the three-dimensional distribution of crystallites and of their crystallograp  cture which can be explained by crystal growth processes constitute the purely morphological se
14924	7	of the most important findings are the production of vaterite, the production of magnesian cal  ngs are the production of vaterite, the production of magnesian calcite by m. xanthus and the o   to study in detail bacterially induced precipitation of vaterite and dolomite. therefore, the   r study of bacterially-induced vaterite precipitation, in particular, to get a better understan  culture medium that ends up in vaterite precipitation versus the precipitation of any other cal  up in vaterite precipitation versus the precipitation of any other calcium carbonate polymorph.  ite, we intend to study dolomite induce precipitation by m. xanthus and by other bacteria in no
10797	5	n in the past in britain. poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors in i   poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors in its occurrence today. the   h as immigration, changes in population density, and changes in the environment. there are also   population density, and changes in the environment. there are also interesting questions about  re also interesting questions about the evolution of tb in the new world after contact with eur
11565	5	n in the past in britain. poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors in i   poverty, drug resistance, the hiv, and migration are key factors in its occurrence today. the   h as immigration, changes in population density, and changes in the environment. there are also   population density, and changes in the environment. there are also interesting questions about  re also interesting questions about the evolution of tb in the new world after contact with eur
15087	3	o point towards the cause of a specific environmental change. in the second place, non-destruct  behavioural parameters, clinical signs, population dynamics, etc. long-term studies could not o   useful in concrete episodes of massive mortality of wild birds when decisions on population ma
7613	7	/ solid interface between the water and sediment particles or the soil organic matter, and liqu  the water and sediment particles or the soil organic matter, and liquid / liquid interfaces for  the pollutants, they do not predict the ecosystem's ability to degrade the. a possible strategy  ed on biological, or bioindicators. the development of different types of bio-indicators will p  e development of different types of bio-indicators will provide innovative tools for decision s  rt in the treatment of pollution. these indicators may be biosensors consist of a bacterial str  nes whose presence and expression in an environment indicate the presence of a pollutant. such
12048	1	and remote island with amazing specific richness and endemism. the project is aimed at investig
14954	4	elevant aspects of bioaccessibility and metabolism of pah in model systems with defined substra  oaccessibility and metabolism of pah in model systems with defined substrates and cultures . ta  nd cultures . target pahs to be used as model compounds will be naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluo  sent in creosote, that will be taken as model pah mixture. also, part of this study will be per
13313	12	biodiversity indicators and monitoring frameworks are currently deve  ndorsed set of eu headline biodiversity indicators. a requirement by the eu is to complement th  uirement by the eu is to complement the indicator set and the development of biodiversity monit  to complement the indicator set and the development of biodiversity monitoring frameworks with   hat are able to assess the impacts from community policies on biodiversity in a cost-effective   versity as measured by the presence and abundance of individual species. the tool will contain   oral pressures and relating to selected community policies as well as the eu headline biodivers  as well as the eu headline biodiversity indicators. this tool will be applied for assessing imp   assessing impacts and effectiveness of community policies based on historic data as well as fo   biodiversity monitoring frameworks and incentives for uptake will be formulated. also the data   policy responses; - apply the tool for modelling european-wide scenarios for selected drivers;  ed pressures on biodiversity; - propose incentives for a wide uptake of the tool.
14331	1	ation. yet, more than just logs, forest ecosystems produce many other services of prime importa
15126	4	trichomycetes are cosmopolitan in their distribution, evidencing the very successful symbiotic   rever their hosts live, and may provide stability to the arthropod communities, and consequentl  the use of these fungi as water quality indicators. though aquatic insects are routinely used a  be more susceptible to minor changes in ph and ion concentrations that could possibly be correl
10618	1	ta gathered from climatically sensitive indicators from the host sediments to test climatic inf
13314	4	e of biostrat is to support the further development of a european biodiversity research strateg  y-related research at both the european scale and in individual eu member states by linking exi  g biodiversity research projects in the development of the eu biodiversity research strategy. -  s of the paris conference,the millenium ecosystem assessment, the 2010 target, esri, gti, gbif,
10459	3	summer s arctic coring expedition , the nature of the polar marine fauna, and its response to c  ponse of the arctic ocean to this rapid warming event. we propose to study the benthic foramini  rovide estimates of the water depth and oxygen content. we will make comparisons with benthic f
15409	1	llaboration, on the systematics and the evolution in several groups of the asteraceae. the pres
15410	1	llaboration, on the systematics and the evolution in several groups of the asteraceae. the pres
15180	1	ortant applied aspect as regards to the evaluation of the possible
1083	12	the evolution of life on earth can be reconstructed using t   relationships between biodiversity and global change. present knowledge of evolutionary proces  ly controlled by changes in the abiotic environment and/or interactions between organisms. whil  s are detectable and modelled in extant ecosystems, long-term variations in the biosphere, usua  ciation/extinction rates, turnovers and stability, require investigations of paleobiotic modifi  ical archives. the links between biotic evolution and environmental pressure are usually derive  n years time-slices compared with large scale events such as climate and sea level changes. how  ompared with large scale events such as climate and sea level changes. however, this approach g  s. the oceans is the oldest and largest ecosystem on our planet and, thus, is best suited for e  tive producers of calcite on earth. the evolution of calcareous plankton is of particular inter  turnovers, relatively long intervals of stability and major changes in abundance. pelagic seque  rvals of stability and major changes in abundance. pelagic sequences offer an excellent archive
11242	20	ne how biodiversity will be affected by global change we need to understand the evolutionary pr  gether in the context of communities or ecosystems. consider two species that need the same lim  exist one might think not - they are in competition with one another and for one species to suc  arwin, reveal both of these outcomes of competition: where two species, the medium ground finch  ns within communities can influence the evolution of biodiversity over thousands to millions of  er thousands to millions of years. does competition cause evolution to speed up can changes in   llions of years. does competition cause evolution to speed up can changes in diversity through   e in the fossil record be attributed to competition my solution to understanding these problems  ocesses determine how species and their traits diversify and which species live together. this   es. not only that but the importance of species interactions is influenced by other factors. if  nity such as the chance to occupy a new habitat, then the pressures driving evolution will chan  new habitat, then the pressures driving evolution will change. ecological opportunity could ari  ological opportunity could arise due to environmental change, the evolution of a key innovation   arise due to environmental change, the evolution of a key innovation or a host of other factor  idly to occupy trees, partly due to the evolution of a unique toe-pad. this type of ecological    the role of ecological opportunity and competition in generating biodiversity i explore variat  ng biodiversity i explore variation and evolution in the morphology, ecology and behaviour in d  roup to test the relative importance of competition and ecological opportunity in driving large  ecological opportunity in driving large-scale evolution change. by combining this real-world da  ical opportunity in driving large-scale evolution change. by combining this real-world data wit
10977	13	climate change over the last million years has seen rap   lower than it is today; then, when the climate warmed, the sea would rise once more. understan  ble ramifications of the current global warming trend. the impact of such changes was felt most  e. until now, no one has considered the evolution of dwarf mammals in the context of climate ch  tion of dwarf mammals in the context of climate change, because there are few reliable dates to  o calculate the percentage reduction in body size and weight, and more detailed features of the  y, we will use existing knowledge about climate and sea-level changes over the past million yea  termine how global changes impacted the evolution of the mammals. did major climatic events tri  major climatic events trigger bursts of evolution on many islands what was the speed of evoluti   become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change did the same thing happen repeatedly in   ion, or other factors such as available vegetation the results of this project will provide a m  ll provide a microcosm of the impact of global change on mammal evolution. it will also help ex  f the impact of global change on mammal evolution. it will also help explain a long-debated phe
11166	13	climate change over the last million years has seen rap   lower than it is today; then, when the climate warmed, the sea would rise once more. understan  ble ramifications of the current global warming trend. the impact of such changes was felt most  e. until now, no one has considered the evolution of dwarf mammals in the context of climate ch  tion of dwarf mammals in the context of climate change, because there are few reliable dates to  o calculate the percentage reduction in body size and weight, and more detailed features of the  y, we will use existing knowledge about climate and sea-level changes over the past million yea  termine how global changes impacted the evolution of the mammals. did major climatic events tri  major climatic events trigger bursts of evolution on many islands what was the speed of evoluti   become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change did the same thing happen repeatedly in   ion, or other factors such as available vegetation the results of this project will provide a m  ll provide a microcosm of the impact of global change on mammal evolution. it will also help ex  f the impact of global change on mammal evolution. it will also help explain a long-debated phe
9890	13	climate change over the last million years has seen rap   lower than it is today; then, when the climate warmed, the sea would rise once more. understan  ble ramifications of the current global warming trend. the impact of such changes was felt most  e. until now, no one has considered the evolution of dwarf mammals in the context of climate ch  tion of dwarf mammals in the context of climate change, because there are few reliable dates to  o calculate the percentage reduction in body size and weight, and more detailed features of the  y, we will use existing knowledge about climate and sea-level changes over the past million yea  termine how global changes impacted the evolution of the mammals. did major climatic events tri  major climatic events trigger bursts of evolution on many islands what was the speed of evoluti   become extinct, perhaps due to further climate change did the same thing happen repeatedly in   ion, or other factors such as available vegetation the results of this project will provide a m  ll provide a microcosm of the impact of global change on mammal evolution. it will also help ex  f the impact of global change on mammal evolution. it will also help explain a long-debated phe
2196	7	biodiversity of blue mussel ecosystems: patterns and processes blue mussels are key  t structuring role for biodiversity and ecosystem function. the aim of this wp is to use experi  the mussel bed, e.g. patch size, mussel density and meta population structure may influence the  these interactions may lead to dramatic ecosystem changes and flips and to changes in the biodi   and to changes in the biodiversity and ecosystem function. the wp should in addition present a  analysis of the main threats to mytilus ecosystems and the goods and services produced. the wp   omparison between baltic and west coast ecosystems. it is also expected that under this wp a sc
12017	5	tool for studying long-term changes in climate and biodiversity. today, one of the main effect  their biodiversity, life cycle, and the function and molecular complexity of biomineralization,  e cycle, and the function and molecular complexity of biomineralization, is strikingly lacking,  on and adaptation potentials to oceanic ph changes. we propose a pluridisciplinary approach inv  tentials of species-level diversity and functional diversity of biomineralization in coccolitho
10571	2	ogical record have shaped the course of evolution and life on earth, and without them, humans w  ain a unique perspective on current-day climate change and the issues affecting life on earth.
14594	1	e role of cyanobacteria biofilms on the ecological stoichiometry of stream foodwebs.
12442	2	at depths less than 2000 m. – study the distribution of fishing effort in the nafo regulatory a  fisheries. studies on vulnerable marine ecosystems are an important aspect of rfmo compliance w
11456	5	iño events can switch the region from a carbon sink to a source. however, we do not understand   ing these responses and this constrains modelling of amazon forest-atmosphere interactions. the  g the 21st century, but measurements of carbon exchange by rain forest during an el niño do not  e of this event to make measurements of carbon exchange at multiple scales at an e. amazonian s   use the new data in combination with a modelling framework to test hypotheses of the mechanist
10859	4	may actively transport large amounts of energy from land to freshwaters. their role in active t  ters. their role in active transport of energy resources will be investigated in a small river   ure information, use of the terrestrial environment by this freshwater taxon will be determined  eding on land occurs, while correlating habitat use with discharge will demonstrate the extent
11035	1	d populations to genes, is critical for ecosystem health. it is essential, therefore, to provid
6971	3	gical standard, without endangering the environment. in this way new inbred lines could be deve  troduction of new, favourable agronomic traits, thus contributing to developments in hungarian   ting to developments in hungarian maize production.
14592	1	nous steppe bird declining all over its distribution range. it presents a exploded lek mating s
6919	6	e project. the methods of screening and resistance testing are evaluated, now the task is their  l also be tested. they are important is stress resistance, so an antifungal effect can be suppo  be tested. they are important is stress resistance, so an antifungal effect can be supposed. th  an be supposed. the organization of the production of the new cultivars with goof fhb resistanc  tion of the new cultivars with goof fhb resistance, resistance to other diseases with good or e  new cultivars with goof fhb resistance, resistance to other diseases with good or excellent qua
6829	4	asks: 1. finding of sources for drought resistance 2. breeding of hybrid material and its growi  f the research data 4. study of variety-environment interaction probable results: 1. finding of  raction probable results: 1. finding of resistance and its markers 2. seedling-population 3. kn  edling-population 3. knowing of variety-environment interaction 4. finding of connections
6728	7	ed in hungary have not yet such complex resistance. in drought the water use efficiency of gree  ex resistance. in drought the water use efficiency of green peas is more emphasised and it affe  ready produced one dry pea variety with resistance to fusarium named debreceni galamb and it ca  dle and late ripening f4 progenies with resistance to plant diseases. our research purpose to p  od seed quality genetic components with resistance to fusarium pathogens. we investigate the ag  pathogens. we investigate the agronomic traits and nutritive quality of existing f4 strains so   te ripening breeding lines with complex resistance to fusarium and high crop quality. drought t
6927	7	and malting barley having more complex resistance to leaf spot- and virus diseases, to extreme  eme winter climatic conditions, lodging-resistance, above-average drought resistance, early rip  dging-resistance, above-average drought resistance, early ripening, excellent yield potential,    be planned to produce by means of this competition. chemical contamination of environment will   competition. chemical contamination of environment will be decreased by introduction of the ne  ced increasing the profitability of the production. in our program, resistance to the most impo  lity of the production. in our program, resistance to the most important leaf spot diseases and
10395	1	ties of s. aria required to effect seed production in rare pseudogamous apomicts.
12032	4	l niche theory predicts that in a local community, each species has a unique combination of fea  f biodiversity neglects any role in the competition to explain the coexistence of species. acco  ich species occur on these sites, their functional traits, and their evolutionary relationships  n addition, to date, five papers are in review, and 6 are in preparation.
14899	3	t a spatially-explicit individual-based model to study the adaptive evolution of male morpholog  idual-based model to study the adaptive evolution of male morphologies. we hope that this proje  esearch on sexual selection by scramble competition, which has been relatively neglected in the
11738	3	new species is central to understanding evolution. furthermore, this process of speciation is t  for evaluating how organisms respond to environmental change. but there is a fundamental proble  ge were driven by shifts in feeding and competition for food.
13572	5	r and doc in surface waters, is a large-scale environmental problem, probably caused by climate  vironmental problem, probably caused by climate change. we will analyze the magnitude, time cou  omposition, and pollen. experiments and modeling will be made on leaching of doc from soils und  c from soils under various scenarios of precipitation and vegetation. the project will test eff   various scenarios of precipitation and vegetation. the project will test effects of lake brown
14117	6	the loss of taxons and fragmentation of distribution areas is a challenge to almost all organis   of semi-natural communities by humans. climate warming also causes changes in distribution are  -natural communities by humans. climate warming also causes changes in distribution areas and o   climate warming also causes changes in distribution areas and overall diversity. it is yet not  d endangered species. their reaction to climate change and management may be much different fro  nables to use bryoflora of estonia as a model for different impact studies. the aim of the pres
14731	1	olume iv of fbi. moreover, cataloguing, distribution analysis, identification, publicaction of
15430	16	global climate change is a fact acknowledged by the scientific  s a fact acknowledged by the scientific community. the speed of this change imposes an enormous  ain systems are especially sensitive to climate change since climatic conditions drastically ch  ortant part of the biodiversity in land ecosystems with approximately 15000 species in the worl   can be very useful as bioindicators of climate change: because of their poikilohiydric conditi   substrate make them more vulnerable to climate change, in addition, they have rapid responses   show that bryophytes are almost perfect model organisms for molecular ecology studies. therefor  ing the responses of these organisms to climate change is of vital importance. nevertheless, th   frequently due to lack of data such as distribution maps. bearing in mind the threat of global  s. bearing in mind the threat of global climate change to the biodiversity of the planet, we pr  e biology of bryophytes: 1. the present distribution of the artic-alpine genotype of bryum arge   in the case of ceratodon purpureus. 2. modelling of the geographical distribution based on cli  ureus. 2. modelling of the geographical distribution based on climate factors that determine th   the geographical distribution based on climate factors that determine the presence-absence of   ification of genomic markers related to climate factors. this project will benefit from the ava  a of the species ceratodon purpureus, a model system in genetics. several genetic markers will
12417	1	the presence of plastics in the marine environment. the contractor will produce an annual repo
15582	2	e in the economic, social and political development of many countries. however, they are amongs  s the identification and integration of indicators of coupled social-ecological resilience as t
11064	32	s project is to develop a user-friendly model that can be used to predict how environmental cha  y model that can be used to predict how environmental change influences animal populations. the  ange influences animal populations. the model will be developed by adding a user-friendly inter  iendly interface to a novel, specialist model that has to date only been used within the scient  te only been used within the scientific modelling community. this existing model has been succe  en used within the scientific modelling community. this existing model has been successfully ap  ific modelling community. this existing model has been successfully applied by the research tea   coastal sites, and used to predict how environmental change influences the wading bird and wil  y and management for these species. the model has been used to advise management of coastal she   has been used to predict the effect of habitat loss through port development, and the most eff  the effect of habitat loss through port development, and the most effective way of mitigating t  mitigating the negative effects of this habitat loss through habitat creation schemes. the mode  ve effects of this habitat loss through habitat creation schemes. the model has been used in th  s through habitat creation schemes. the model has been used in the marine environment to predic  . the model has been used in the marine environment to predict the relative impact of offshore   fect on wildlife. although the existing model has successfully advised coastal policy and manag  e technical difficulties of running the model and understanding its output, it has only been us  cialist modellers within the scientific community. this is unsatisfactory, as this tool should   lfishery regulators collect data on the abundance of shellfish from which they need to set quot   could do this in-house with a suitable model. likewise, the model could be used by developers   se with a suitable model. likewise, the model could be used by developers to compare the ecolog  encies to assess the relative impact of development schemes to prioritise which, if any, scheme  y and accessible software tool. the new model will reduce the complexities of running the curre  the complexities of running the current model to a sequence of simple steps to develop a model   a sequence of simple steps to develop a model for a system and define the required outputs. the  required outputs. the new user-friendly model will be developed and tested for coastal birds, c  an interest in predicting the effect of environmental change on coastal birds, and with whom th  developed, by an iterative processes of development, followed by testing by the project partner  , during the project, the user-friendly model will be applied to coastal birds, it will be cons  m to advertise the existence of the new model as a tool for addressing environmental conflicts   ity systems. additionally, to allow the model to be distributed as widely as possible, and to e  ite will be constructed, from which the model and updates can be freely downloaded.
12722	3	families. this project will assess and model that impact, review possible incentives, explore   ject will assess and model that impact, review possible incentives, explore links to the cites    and model that impact, review possible incentives, explore links to the cites non-detriment pr
15221	9	efore in the fucntioning of terrestrial ecosystems. this decline is a component of the global p  lobal pollination crisis. in principle, global change is held responsible for this decline, par  ticularly due to two of its components: climate change and shifts in the uses of the land, whic  the land, which directly affect species distribution ranges and resource availability. it is ma  gested that those species with narrower climate tolerances and higher trophic specialization ar  re sensitive to the negative effects of global change. this proposal is based in the cantabrian  ian mountains to analyze the effects of habitat context at different spatial scales on the dist  text at different spatial scales on the distribution and relative abundance of some species. th  scales on the distribution and relative abundance of some species. the main applied outcome is
10643	7	modern marine ecosystems were established during the early palaeozoic  ruct not only the dynamics early animal evolution, but also the underlying effects of accruing   ss shale are too rare to provide larger-scale patterns. i propose to circumvent these problems    evolutionary view of how modern marine ecosystems function. this study will focus on the weste  ry view of how modern marine ecosystems function. this study will focus on the western canada s   macroevolutionary patterns, and the co-evolution of ecosystem function and environments.   onary patterns, and the co-evolution of ecosystem function and environments.
6916	1	of tree species, tree-ring studies for climate reconstruction, stable isotope study of the woo
12419	4	conomies, which are in harmony with the environment. key customer purpose: the coastal zone is   ojected pressures facing the coast from development, climate change, and competition for space   ures facing the coast from development, climate change, and competition for space between marit  t from development, climate change, and competition for space between maritime sectors there is
12059	3	nding of the natural variability of the environment and how it has interacted with the marked i  rces, helping to reconcile human needs, ecosystem services and biodiversity in the sustainable   ces and biodiversity in the sustainable development of this part of the continent.
14764	9	the mechanisms by which the terrestrial ecosystems work - maintenance and improvement of the ex  an shrublands and forests. - effects of climate change in plant ecophysiology and the structure  ondary metabolites in the mediterranean vegetation - studies of molecular biology applied to th  lecular biology applied to the study of ecosystems structure and functioning - direct effects o  - direct effects of co2 increase on the ecosystems - biogenic volatile organic compounds - chem  ts of tropospheric ozone on the plants. evaluation of atmospheric pollution effects through bio  ic pollution effects through biological indicators. -isotopic signals and environmental changes  pic signals and environmental changes. -remote sensing and optical diagnosis of plants and ecos  ing and optical diagnosis of plants and ecosystems structure and functioning.
15290	5	l- in agricultural landscapes. hedgerow vegetation can be made of forests, grasslands or rudera  le lands. on the other hand, there is a scale factor that determines that plant composition in   s in hedgerows can be determined by the organic matter quality associated to the vegetation typ  rganic matter quality associated to the vegetation types . for this purpose we will use organic  agricultural landscapes with contrasted intensification.
9865	4	out 10,000 years ago, and of industrial scale food production, starting about 100 years ago. mi  years ago, and of industrial scale food production, starting about 100 years ago. milk and its   out the influences for human population growth. an exciting prospect is that it might be applic   it might be applicable to studying the development of early man in africa . other plans includ
11116	14	climate change is a cause for concern in the 21st centu  cieties around the world, as changes in temperature and precipitation for western uganda. if we  he world, as changes in temperature and precipitation for western uganda. if we can show that t   sediments have responded to changes in climate in the region that have been documented, we can  go back further in time within the lake sediment archive to look at climate in periods where th  in the lake sediment archive to look at climate in periods where there are no written records,   rds, and provide a long-term history of environmental change, and its variability, for this reg  if there are relationships between lake sediment proxies and disease incidence, that may be rel  sease incidence, that may be related to climate, or vegetation, for example. in this way, lake   nce, that may be related to climate, or vegetation, for example. in this way, lake sediments ma  iseases in the region. evidence of past environmental change and its links to climate, vegetati  t environmental change and its links to climate, vegetation, disease and human society may ther  mental change and its links to climate, vegetation, disease and human society may therefore be   and human societies, may be affected by environmental change in the future.
1093	7	able variation in the rate of molecular evolution among lineages. many factors have been pointe  c rate, generation time, and dna repair efficiency heterogeneity. a further complication is rep  eration time, and dna repair efficiency heterogeneity. a further complication is represented by   stable over time, as a response to the stability of cave environments. the adaptation to cave   that result in slow and stable rates of metabolism and reproduction.in particular, we will inve  species that show vicariant patterns of distribution determined by paleogeographical events dat  to compare rates and modes of molecular evolution of the same gene in different organisms.
11244	17	ple today become concerned about global warming and the effect that humans are having on the cl  he effect that humans are having on the climate, it becomes more important for people to unders  rtant for people to understand what the climate and environment was like in the past, before hu  ople to understand what the climate and environment was like in the past, before humans began t  ords. in order better to understand the climate and environments of the past, scientists study   ironments of the past, scientists study sediment, which has accumulated on the bottom of lakes   lake or ocean in which the diatom grew. oxygen and silicon, the elements that combine to make s  s and still be chemically recognised as oxygen and silicon. the two most common oxygen isotopes  oxygen and silicon. the two most common oxygen isotopes are 16o and 18o. the most common silico   relative proportion of heavy and light oxygen and silicon isotopes in water. for example, when  the water and silica in their immediate environment, scientists believe that the relative amoun  ts believe that the relative amounts of oxygen and silicon isotopes in diatom silica reflect th  oratory and carefully controlling their growth conditions. i will test the effects of temperatu   conditions. i will test the effects of temperature, diatom species and nutrient silicon availa  nd nutrient silicon availability on the oxygen and silicon isotope ratios of diatom silica. the   make more reliable assessments of past climate and environmental change.   eliable assessments of past climate and environmental change.
11321	17	ple today become concerned about global warming and the effect that humans are having on the cl  he effect that humans are having on the climate, it becomes more important for people to unders  rtant for people to understand what the climate and environment was like in the past, before hu  ople to understand what the climate and environment was like in the past, before humans began t  ords. in order better to understand the climate and environments of the past, scientists study   ironments of the past, scientists study sediment, which has accumulated on the bottom of lakes   lake or ocean in which the diatom grew. oxygen and silicon, the elements that combine to make s  s and still be chemically recognised as oxygen and silicon. the two most common oxygen isotopes  oxygen and silicon. the two most common oxygen isotopes are 16o and 18o. the most common silico   relative proportion of heavy and light oxygen and silicon isotopes in water. for example, when  the water and silica in their immediate environment, scientists believe that the relative amoun  ts believe that the relative amounts of oxygen and silicon isotopes in diatom silica reflect th  oratory and carefully controlling their growth conditions. i will test the effects of temperatu   conditions. i will test the effects of temperature, diatom species and nutrient silicon availa  nd nutrient silicon availability on the oxygen and silicon isotope ratios of diatom silica. the   make more reliable assessments of past climate and environmental change.   eliable assessments of past climate and environmental change.
1970	5	nge in response to selection within our model species will be compared to patterns of divergenc  the 80 or so species in this genus. the development of eyespot colour differs from eyespot size  rent directions, but also the molecular nature of the evolutionarily relevant variation on whic  her integrate the fields of ecology and evolution whilst focussing on the roles of development   lution whilst focussing on the roles of development and genetics in generating morphological va
7025	39	river ecosystems play a key role in the transport and transfo   in the transport and transformation of carbon and nutrients. while material is being transport  nsport and transformation of carbon and nutrients. while material is being transported downstre  terial is being transported downstream, organic matter is produced and degraded. this matter ca  man activities along its entire course. microbial community features such as composition and ac  mponent in all processes, especially in nitrogen cycling. within the riverine landscape these p  nstream zones. the processes related to nitrogen and organic matter cycling are basically contr  . the processes related to nitrogen and organic matter cycling are basically controlled by the   hydromorphology. thus, at the landscape scale, three fundamental principles regulate the cyclin  es regulate the cycling and transfer of carbon and nitrogen in river ecosystems: i the mode of    the cycling and transfer of carbon and nitrogen in river ecosystems: i the mode of carbon and   ransfer of carbon and nitrogen in river ecosystems: i the mode of carbon and nitrogen delivery   ogen in river ecosystems: i the mode of carbon and nitrogen delivery affects ecosystem function  er ecosystems: i the mode of carbon and nitrogen delivery affects ecosystem functioning - conne  of carbon and nitrogen delivery affects ecosystem functioning - connectivity patterns; ii incre  elivery affects ecosystem functioning - connectivity patterns; ii increasing contact between wa  asing contact between water and soil or sediment increases nitrogen retention and processing -   en water and soil or sediment increases nitrogen retention and processing - geomorphology; iii   ses nitrogen retention and processing - geomorphology; iii floods and droughts are natural even  nts that strongly influence pathways of carbon and nitrogen cycling. these three principles can  rongly influence pathways of carbon and nitrogen cycling. these three principles can be strongl  storation of landscape dynamics and key ecosystem processes such as carbon and nutrient retenti  ics and key ecosystem processes such as carbon and nutrient retention. in this context the obje  low regimes on the functioning of river ecosystems and, more specifically, on their nitrogen cy  ystems and, more specifically, on their nitrogen cycling capacity, and ii to accurately estimat  proach to investigate the regulation of nitrogen and carbon cycling and transfer at the sedimen  estigate the regulation of nitrogen and carbon cycling and transfer at the sediment/water inter   and carbon cycling and transfer at the sediment/water interface in retention areas of river ec  r interface in retention areas of river ecosystems: h1: the hydromorphic structures of retentio  tructures of retention areas affect the nitrogen cycling: high surface water connectivity level  he nitrogen cycling: high surface water connectivity levels and high sediment to water ratios i  face water connectivity levels and high sediment to water ratios in retention areas increase po  2 /n 2 0 ratio. h2: the mode of organic carbon supply to retention areas controls denitrificati  trols denitrification potential because carbon availability directly affects microbial nitrogen  availability directly affects microbial nitrogen processing at the sediment surface h3: past wa  ts microbial nitrogen processing at the sediment surface h3: past water regime patterns control   past water regime patterns control the resistance and the resilience of the nutrient cycling p  gical setting of retention areas at the habitat and at the reach scale.   n areas at the habitat and at the reach scale.
1963	3	oduce volatile compounds in response to herbivory plants and herbivores are involved in an arms  n arms-race leading to gene-for-gene co-evolution. we intend to test one of the assumptions und  . the number of genes involved in these traits will be estimated from the response to selection
13710	7	habitat losses caused by changes in agricultural land-u   these changes. even if factors such as predation or genetics affect some populations, the cont  he continuing, rapid decline of a whole community of species remains unexplained. here, i will   shorebirds is caused by on-going, large-scale changes in the environment, negatively affecting   by on-going, large-scale changes in the environment, negatively affecting the reproductive succ  , sex ratio, and cellular/physiological stress levels as indicated by a genetic fingerprint . t  ur understanding of the impact of large-scale environmental changes on biodiversity.
11102	6	f local extinction, and the patterns of habitat patches in a landscape. it has also proved impo   human impacts on biodiversity, such as habitat loss and fragmentation, the ability of species   n, the ability of species to respond to climate change and the spread of non-native species. ho  of seed in the soil, and characterising habitat patches. we propose a study in which we will co  llect appropriate data at the landscape scale for two contrasting plant species and will invest  by these data using models of differing complexity.
10632	2	. these new species evolve to differ in traits used to exploit their new environments, a proces  lability, or in physical aspects of the environment are most the important causes of local adap
11670	4	interpreting past environmental change from lake sediments is becoming in   understanding past, present and future global change. in order to understand rates of environm  nces is fundametal. currently most lake sediment sequences are dated by radiocarbon. these date  ake sediments is problematic due to old carbon entering the lake from surrounding soils. we the
13777	14	the impacts of climate change on species and ecosystems are already ev  mpacts of climate change on species and ecosystems are already evident, and effects during the   icant irrespective of which of the ipcc climate change scenarios that comes true. thus, strateg  . thus, strategies to adapt to a warmer climate are needed, but methods are lacking. ecological   strategy to increase the resilience of ecosystems threatened by climate change. this project t   resilience of ecosystems threatened by climate change. this project tests whether ecological r  ive way to increase their resilience to climate change effects. as more of precipitation falls   e to climate change effects. as more of precipitation falls as snow instead of rain, spring flo  r. this threatens species-rich riparian ecosystems, which depend on recurrent floods, and plant  ill increase and decrease with a future climate. to evaluate if restoration of streams affected  s affected by timber floating increases habitat availability to species threatened by climate-d  t availability to species threatened by climate-driven hydrological changes, i will use project  ure stream flows to forecast changes in habitat availability, and compare projections of future  lity, and compare projections of future habitat availability to riparian species between pairs
10045	16	n 50% of all species are found in these ecosystems - or their importance as a store of carbon,   ems - or their importance as a store of carbon, as they contain 60% of all carbon found on land  e of carbon, as they contain 60% of all carbon found on land. however, we also hear about their  pansion drives their clearance by small-scale farmers, how large agribusinesses convert vast ar  s into oil palm plantations or soy bean production, and how pressures to extract minerals and o  osphere and hence increases the rate of climate change: deforestation of tropical forests contr  tropical forests contributes 25% of all carbon dioxide emissions by humans. many attempts have    value to the environmental benefits or ecosystem services like biodiversity and carbon storage  cosystem services like biodiversity and carbon storage that tropical forests provide, it is pos  able to sell the resulting reduction in carbon dioxide emissions on international carbon market  rbon dioxide emissions on international carbon markets or through bilateral agreements. this id  t is this broad concept of payments for ecosystem services that our project aims to address. in  ate of tropical deforestation, conserve carbon stocks and biodiversity, and alleviate poverty t  surround how to measure and monitor the carbon or biodiversity that a project claims to protect  ty alleviation in an equitable way, the participation of local communities in the projects them  ough new projects based on payments for ecosystem services with the twin objective of alleviati
15422	4	n of invasive species is, together with habitat destruction, the main cause of biodiversity los  in cause of biodiversity loss in marine ecosystems. alien species are considered invasive when   aceans with an important role in marine ecosystems . furthermore, we will work with the life st  condictions to explore the use in large scale cultures as food resource for fishes and molluscs
11162	1	commitment to the management of coastal ecosystems through addressing both ecological and socia
7251	10	ct aims to better simulate the flow and carbon stocks in forest ecosystems at different scales.  te the flow and carbon stocks in forest ecosystems at different scales. indeed, forests are an    an essential component of the earth 's carbon cycle by their surfaces and their life time whic  rfaces and their life time which allows carbon storage in plant biomass and soils. current carb  age in plant biomass and soils. current carbon footprint models, in particular global models li  s, in particular global models like the model used by orchid ipsl, simulate the carbon balance   model used by orchid ipsl, simulate the carbon balance of forests relatively simply. indeed, th  ct therefore aims to: * orchid test the model in its original release in different bioclimatic   rminants of the temporal variability of carbon fluxes across europe; * creation of a forestry m  ons by age classes; * validation of the model at different scales: site / region / france -euro
10086	6	racellular carbohydrates, the rates and nature of degradation of this organic material by micro  ial taxa involved will be investigated. sediment carbohydrate size categories, chemical composi  ries, chemical composition and rates of production of carbohydrates by benthic microalgae will   in molecular microbial diversity. tidal mesocosm, sediment slurry and culture studies will dete  ar microbial diversity. tidal mesocosm, sediment slurry and culture studies will determine pote  of carbohydrate breakdown and shifts in microbial activity in response to carbohydrate inputs.
13605	4	or plant cell walls represent key nano-scale components for reinforcing new biomaterials. carb  synthesis, nanostructure and mechanical function to foster ideas for nanostructured hydrogels a  petrochemical-based materials in larger scale applications such as functional textiles or struc  ntire life cycle, from bioproduction in nature, bioprocessing for manufacture and recycling or
13454	1	and n-release in the baltic sea. small-scale c- and n-fluxes associated with the different n2-
14612	23	to predict the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and to understand their ro  e response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and to understand their role in the glob   to understand their role in the global carbon cycle. two major aspects of climate change are t  obal carbon cycle. two major aspects of climate change are the increase in mean global temperat   change are the increase in mean global temperature and changes in precipitation patters. one o   mean global temperature and changes in precipitation patters. one of the most vulnerable regio  . one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change is the mediterranean basin. several mode  eral models predict not only changes in precipitation patters but also a reduction in the amoun  s but also a reduction in the amount of precipitation in these areas. this would be of particul  f particular risk for arid and semiarid ecosystems such as those in the province of almeria whe  e which are the factors controlling the productivity of these ecosystems and the seasonal, annu  s controlling the productivity of these ecosystems and the seasonal, annual and interannual var  , annual and interannual variability of ecosystem fluxes. we will investigate aspects related t   we will investigate aspects related to vegetation and soil such as plant biomass, spatial vari  etation and soil such as plant biomass, spatial variability, and carbon stocks. furthermore, we  plant biomass, spatial variability, and carbon stocks. furthermore, we will study soil respirat  rbon stocks. furthermore, we will study soil respiration and the response of soil respiration a  dy soil respiration and the response of soil respiration and ecosystem fluxes to summer rainfal  nd the response of soil respiration and ecosystem fluxes to summer rainfall events in order to   rmining the sink and source capacity at ecosystem level. finally, we will integrate these data    to describe the processes of water and carbon balances and to predict their response to change  ables that control them under different climate change scenarios. at the same time, we will exp  iables that reflect possible changes in carbon stocks and fluxes not only erosion factors.
10939	2	changes in global carbon pools and changes in palaeoredox will be investi   with sedimentology, faunal range data, sediment geochemistry and framboid size analysis to rec
12717	4	ng of suitable guidelines, criteria and indicators, for maximising the benefits of finance for   ts of finance for redd efforts to wider environment objectives. the successful contractor will    successful contractor will undertake a review of existing and planned redd mechanisms to ident  ify known and potential co-benefits for environment. they will identify any gaps in the deliver
11297	5	mediated by infaunal invertebrates. the efficiency of this process has important implications f  nutrient and element recycling. benthic carbon mineralization represents the biogeochemical and  cal and biological conditions of marine ecosystems and can be readily measured. ultimately, the  he fraction of material retained in the sediment record versus being degraded, regulates the co  d environments in estimates for coastal carbon turn over.
201	21	n the atmosphere, which leads to global climate warming. it is very important, globally and reg  mosphere, which leads to global climate warming. it is very important, globally and regionally,  , to reduce co2 emission and to balance carbon budget in the atmosphere. for inhibiting the inc  n the concentration atmospheric co2 and climate changes, more attention should be paid both to   g of co2 emission but also to extensive carbon sequestration. for this reason, during the last    during the last decade accumulation of carbon in different ecosystems, including forests, has   ade accumulation of carbon in different ecosystems, including forests, has been an actual topic   estimation of the potential ability of carbon accumulation of forests in various regions, howe  in aims of the proposed project are: to model growth of silver birch stands growing at fertile   s of the proposed project are: to model growth of silver birch stands growing at fertile sites.  ung silver birch stands may have higher productivity than it is assumed and yield tables for bi  bles for birch may show lower values of growth and yield, specially at fertile sites. also our   growing at fertile site proceeding from carbon accumulation capacity and to provide recommendat   this project will improve knowledge of development and formation of birch stand as an ecosyste  ment and formation of birch stand as an ecosystem. the importance for estonian science lies in   ledge about the role of birch stands in carbon accumulation. research findings associated with    findings associated with formation and development of birch stands and their carbon sequestrat  d development of birch stands and their carbon sequestration potential can be considered novel   d novel information. new data about the growth and yield of silver birch stands are of essentia  tance and will improve the precision of growth models. since nowadays management and planning o  n a computer system, by using different growth models, the results obtained from proposed proje
7663	6	. the mineralization of the nitrogen will be followed in parallel to the solubiliza  rallel to the solubilization of organic nitrogen in the soil water, by measuring the isotopic c  1 draft a publication on the historical evolution of the isotopic composition measurements for   hed on the qualitative and quantitative evolution of turnover of organic matter with depth - st  d quantitative evolution of turnover of organic matter with depth - step 3 2010-2011 samples an  nfluence of land use on the turnover of organic matter
14873	11	oagropas has as main aim to analyze how climate and land-use changes interact on agro-pastoral   d-use changes interact on agro-pastoral ecosystems in the iberian peninsula at different spatia  ales, modifying their ability to retain nutrients and store soil carbon. results from the previ  r ability to retain nutrients and store soil carbon. results from the previous project carbopas  les. more detailed studies at the local scale and more specific at the regional scale are neede  scale and more specific at the regional scale are needed to confirm the meaning of the patterns  ting database on c content in grassland ecosystems through the use of altitudinal/climatic grad  ulation will be analyzed in detail. the complexity of the proposed topic, and the fact that man  of the above trophic web, recommend the development of the project by a multidisciplinary team,  will be useful beyond the agro-pastoral ecosystems, which in this context would be model system  systems, which in this context would be model systems to test hypotheses on the c cycle, its re
14874	11	oagropas has as main aim to analyze how climate and land-use changes interact on agro-pastoral   d-use changes interact on agro-pastoral ecosystems in the iberian peninsula at different spatia  ales, modifying their ability to retain nutrients and store soil carbon. results from the previ  r ability to retain nutrients and store soil carbon. results from the previous project carbopas  les. more detailed studies at the local scale and more specific at the regional scale are neede  scale and more specific at the regional scale are needed to confirm the meaning of the patterns  ting database on c content in grassland ecosystems through the use of altitudinal/climatic grad  ulation will be analyzed in detail. the complexity of the proposed topic, and the fact that man  of the above trophic web, recommend the development of the project by a multidisciplinary team,  will be useful beyond the agro-pastoral ecosystems, which in this context would be model system  systems, which in this context would be model systems to test hypotheses on the c cycle, its re
10243	4	study is to follow the incorporation of carbon at the sourhope soil biodiversity field site fro  iodiversity field site from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organ  n dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the   versity interact to control the fate of carbon in the soil. the project will involve a multi-di
11005	4	study is to follow the incorporation of carbon at the sourhope soil biodiversity field site fro  iodiversity field site from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organ  n dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the   versity interact to control the fate of carbon in the soil. the project will involve a multi-di
11216	4	study is to follow the incorporation of carbon at the sourhope soil biodiversity field site fro  iodiversity field site from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organ  n dioxide, through the soil fauna, into soil organic matter. this will be achieved through the   versity interact to control the fate of carbon in the soil. the project will involve a multi-di
15527	2	important components of the continental carbon ; and numerical modeling in order to integrate t   the continental carbon ; and numerical modeling in order to integrate the knowledge generated
15528	2	important components of the continental carbon ; and numerical modeling in order to integrate t   the continental carbon ; and numerical modeling in order to integrate the knowledge generated
14118	26	changes in climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and d          changes in climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and disturbance regimes ha  in it. it is expected, that with future climate change the frequencies, intensities and severit  turbance processes and the responses of ecosystems to disturbances. fire is one of the most imp   in boreal forest. forest fires and the recovery from there are important regional carbon stora  overy from there are important regional carbon storage because carbon lost in fires has a subst  portant regional carbon storage because carbon lost in fires has a substantial contribution to    a substantial contribution to regional carbon budgets. the main aim of the study is to evaluat   the changes in the size and quality of soil carbon and nitrogen pools after forest fires. the   the size and quality of soil carbon and nitrogen pools after forest fires. the topic is very ti  ry timely since deeper understanding on soil carbon stocks and its underlying processes is urge  o fill our gaps of understanding on the ecosystem carbon cycle in the changing climate. soil is   gaps of understanding on the ecosystem carbon cycle in the changing climate. soil is the large   ecosystem carbon cycle in the changing climate. soil is the largest stock of organic carbon, b  e. soil is the largest stock of organic carbon, but the related processes changing soil organic  bon, but the related processes changing soil organic matter quality and its pool distribution a  oil organic matter quality and its pool distribution are still poorly understood. simulations w  poorly understood. simulations with the model microforest, that combines a process based forest  process based forest photosynthesis and growth model to below-ground processes such as: soil or   based forest photosynthesis and growth model to below-ground processes such as: soil organic m  odel to below-ground processes such as: soil organic matter decomposition, turnover of carbon c   processes such as: soil organic matter decomposition, turnover of carbon compounds of differen  ganic matter decomposition, turnover of carbon compounds of different chemical fractions, soil   s of different chemical fractions, soil nitrogen/protein pools, root and rhizosphere respiratio  gen/protein pools, root and rhizosphere respiration and exudation of recent photosynthates thro  ith help of field measurements data the model will be improved.
2124	11	ng time been interested in how negative plant-animal interactions, such as herbivory and seed p  tive plant-animal interactions, such as herbivory and seed predation affect the population dyna  mal interactions, such as herbivory and seed predation affect the population dynamics of plant   herbivory and seed predation affect the population dynamics of plant species, their distributio  lation dynamics of plant species, their distribution on small and large spatial scales, and the  and large spatial scales, and the plant community species composition and diversity. positive p  y little attention with regard to plant population dynamics and absolutely no empirical attenti  mpirical attention with regard to plant community composition and diversity. this lack of atten  vably play a fundamental role for plant community composition and diversity through their contr  sity through their contribution to seed production of animal-pollinated plant species. the cent  to assess how the species diversity and abundance of bumblebees within the pollinator assemblag
10891	7	effort in recent years to determine how ecosystems are affected by species loss. most of these   consequences for the functioning of the ecosystem e.g. the amount of plant biomass produced. th  iment will determine whether changes in predator species number propagate through the food chai  ivore species number, or the pattern of distribution of herbivores on different host plants, af   the propagation of effects through the food web. the experiment will reveal novel information   on about the effects of species loss on ecosystems and the mechanisms by which these effects oc  ement of insect species in agricultural ecosystems.
12710	3	e application of theoretical models and climate change adaptation principles in the landscape a  icality and value of proposed landscape scale adaptation measures on the basis of practical exp  at will enable biodiversity to adapt to climate change. •to provide a short best practice guida
12723	3	e application of theoretical models and climate change adaptation principles in the landscape a  icality and value of proposed landscape scale adaptation measures on the basis of practical exp  at will enable biodiversity to adapt to climate change. •to provide a short best practice guida
12481	3	ished in december 2004. the sustainable development strategy published in march 2005 also ident  ions international work programme, the ‘millennium ecosystem assessment, not only recognised th  ecisions must also take into account an ecosystem-based approach can be developed and built int
12480	22	ecosystems are natural resources that provide people wi  scape, recreation space. the concept of ecosystem services has been developed internationally b  eloped internationally by the millenium ecosystem assessment, supported by the global environme  tem assessment, supported by the global environment facility and the united nations environment  ronment facility and the united nations environment programme, among others. defras natural env  programme, among others. defras natural environment programme has already undertaken considerab  or example on developing inventories of ecosystem services, understanding environmental limits   g environmental limits and valuation of ecosystem services. the purpose of this project, howeve  ect, however, is to assess the types of ecosystem services provided within a particular case st   area selected is kent thameside, a key development area of the thames gateway growth area with   development area of the thames gateway growth area within the governments sustainable communit  s of brownfield and use of a specialist modelling software tool called stella, which provides a   with spatial data analysis provided by gis. the case study, therefore, will enable the explora   impacts of different policy options on ecosystem services, or impact of development on local e  ons on ecosystem services, or impact of development on local ecosystem services. in doing so it  ices, or impact of development on local ecosystem services. in doing so it should provide for a   for a much better understanding of the nature of ecosystem services provided by the green grid  h better understanding of the nature of ecosystem services provided by the green grid and their  ssex and medway, but also for other key growth areas under the governments sustainable communit  e a means of integrating the concept of ecosystem services into existing land use planning fram  g frameworks, for example through local development frameworks, regional spatial strategies and   sustainability appraisal. importantly, ecosystem services provide a different conceptual appro
2154	7	d archipelago and are replaced by total dominance of a carpet of silty turf algae. this event h  ly to be involved in the observed large-scale shift in vegetation. it will be difficult to find  ed in the observed large-scale shift in vegetation. it will be difficult to find or test what a  to study processes of importance for re-growth and restoration of the sugar kelp forests in ord   be achieved by experimental studies of recruitment, growth and competition in the laboratory w  by experimental studies of recruitment, growth and competition in the laboratory where the envi  ntal studies of recruitment, growth and competition in the laboratory where the environmental c
14928	9	may alter inter-species interaction and ecosystem functions. therefore, the understanding of de  rch area of international programmes on global change. the main questions posed by these progra  ith causes of species invasivity and of ecosystem invasibility, together with consequences of b  he first question; however, many of the biological traits posed as predictors of the invasivene  regions. regarding the vulnerability of ecosystems to be invaded, literature shows that environ   this proposal are: 1 to assess certain traits of plant species, which can be easily obtained f  ogical pattern differs from the average phenology of the local community may successfully occup  from the average phenology of the local community may successfully occupy non-saturated tempora  djustment of native plants to the local environment and create opportunities for alien plants t
2538	4	fitness, is the major force for causing evolution of phenotypic characters. in spite of its imp  opulations are subject to a fluctuating environment. here we examine the relationship between t  ioship is likely if fluctuations in the environment produce large temporal variation in phenoty  age structure. here we will use a novel modelling framework based on the concept of the total r
11338	2	en suggested as driving the ecology and evolution of their host species. however, the reasons w   parasites for driving host ecology and evolution, and in addition give us understanding of why
10687	13	throughout its history, the climate on earth has fluctuated from episodes of extens  ifferent conditions may appear, earth s climate has nevertheless remained within the bounds tha  nious mechanisms that help regulate its climate so that it never becomes too hot, or too cold,   of continental rocks, burial of organic carbon, and changes in the flora of the oceans and cont  sually takes many millions of years for climate to shift to either generally warmer conditions   sands of years before recovering to pre-warming levels. in geological terms, these episodes las   these sudden episodes of severe global warming coincided with so-called mass extinctions when   million years ago and resulted in major growth of the antarctic ice sheet. this episode is one   arine sediments as proxies for seawater temperature, continental weathering rate, and so on. by   a slice of time, we can then infer how temperature and weathering have varied over this interv  ering have varied over this interval. a succession of sedimentary rocks known as the monterey f  ate, high-resolution timescale for this succession through the use of a built-in astronomical c  predicting the future course of earth s climate. a further objective is to obtain reliable info
10356	2	inbreeding depression. it suggests that development and physiology must be considered explicitl  arative microscopy of male reproductive function, aligned with qtl analysis, will be used to un
14792	4	seed size is a key life history trait in plants. until recently, this trai   in space and in time due to direct and indirect effects of the climatic and structural variabi  bility in seed size variability confers resistance to global change, either climatic or due to    size variability confers resistance to global change, either climatic or due to changes in lan
2085	8	density-dependent regulation of mortality in winter, an          density-dependent regulation of mortality in winter, and inf1uences of climatic and hab   winter, and inf1uences of climatic and habitat quality on fecundity are central processes in t   fecundity are central processes in the population dynamics of ungulates in northern environmen  use data gathered at a large geographic scale, will be used to answer the following questions:   al variability and variation individual life history influence the growth rate and production o  n individual life history influence the growth rate and production of herds, and thus the optim  e history influence the growth rate and production of herds, and thus the optimal harv esting s
10731	17	nimal species, bigger is better. larger body size reduces the risk of being consumed by predato  e reduces the risk of being consumed by predators, and can also lead to an increase in the numb  te these apparent benefits of increased body size, mounting evidence suggests that most organis  significant costs associated with rapid growth. compensatory growth provides a useful means to   ociated with rapid growth. compensatory growth provides a useful means to study these potential  viduals that have undergone a period of growth compensation tend to display reduced swimming pe  for this trade-off between compensatory growth and impaired swimming ability is not understood.  ndividual variation in the compensatory growth response in fishes, and the extent to which the   redict the consequences of compensatory growth for the survival and reproductive success of ind  ood availability due to factors such as climate change. the proposed research will examine musc  e muscle fibre structure, biochemistry, metabolism, and swim performance in individual fish to   s responsible for the trade-off between growth rate and swim performance. additional laboratory  e performed to examine the influence of predator presence on individual variation in the growth  presence on individual variation in the growth response, and also to study the consequences of    study the consequences of compensatory growth for individual risk-taking behaviour and reprodu  tigate the implications of variation in growth rate for individual fitness. overall, this inter  tic underpinnings of the costs of rapid growth in fish, and also the consequences of this trade
10015	2	ties. many prey protect themselves from predators by investment in repellent secondary defences  warning signals, signal mimicry and the evolution of secondary defences.
9910	2	ties. many prey protect themselves from predators by investment in repellent secondary defences  warning signals, signal mimicry and the evolution of secondary defences.
14819	6	affects the quality of the terrestrial ecosystems and consequently, its biodiversity loss. thi  iodiversity and its implications on the ecosystems functioning. topics of current interest are   hat determines the biodiversity in some ecosystems. some authors consider that in order to reha  g of the organic material, to introduce energy that could maintain the soilsystem, and in such    soil biodiversity and could affect the ecosystem functioning. the main target of this project   ntation: effects of soil degradation on ecosystem functioning and biodiversity
10236	4	re is very little information about the vegetation and climate of sundaland during the last ice  le information about the vegetation and climate of sundaland during the last ice age, with no i  therefore improve our understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and pro  r understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital informati
9812	4	re is very little information about the vegetation and climate of sundaland during the last ice  le information about the vegetation and climate of sundaland during the last ice age, with no i  therefore improve our understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and pro  r understanding and modelling of global climate changes in the past and provide vital informati
14273	2	e in the global biogeochemical cycle of carbon and its perturbations. there remain, however, la   concerning the uptake of anthropogenic carbon by the ocean, mainly due to insufficient knowled
7671	3	edrus will be predicted using different climate scenarios and sensitivity tests. the models pro  erable and where potential new suitable habitat may develop with climate change. the models out  l new suitable habitat may develop with climate change. the models output will play a central r
13749	4	microbial communities for recalcitrant organic matter formation and nutrient turnover in soils  r in soils under different scenarios of nitrogen sequestration, and fertilization, including n   osed as a mean to sequester c in forest ecosystems. however, on a longer term increased n input  nt environmental scenarios. on a larger scale, we will use a network of sites in northern europ
13848	5	in the baltic sea. in the wake of large-scale consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem proce  scale consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem processes in the great lakes after invasion o   stable isotope analysis of the pelagic food web suggest that trophic position of herring in th  ral role of this species in the pelagic food web, this implies that the invasion by cercopagis   by cercopagis has resulted in a general food web change. to provide essential information for r
15267	6	cover 95% of the canary islands marine ecosystem. however, little is known about the biologic   dental islands. cetacean are considered indicator species in the marine ecosystem due to their   sidered indicator species in the marine ecosystem due to their position as top-predators in the   ecosystem due to their position as top-predators in the trhophic net and to their life history  dators in the trhophic net and to their life history. the occidental canary islands are home to  ess their possible incorporation to the nature 200 network. in this context, it is important th
12642	3	mprehensive estimates of common dolphin abundance in offshore european atlantic waters. abundan  e in offshore european atlantic waters. abundance will also be estimated for other delphinid sp  ided dolphin and striped-dolphin. these abundance estimates together with those from will enabl
12661	1	ill lead to better understanding of the nature and extent and of cetacean strandings which in t
12309	3	ed threats from diseases as a result of climate change, which will bring milder, wetter winters  ance of arable crop disease control for climate change mitigation .   crop disease control for climate change mitigation .
10788	12	ortant natural laboratory for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital   ry for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital that the biological cha   a combination of the simplicity of its ecosystems, which exhibit restricted species diversity   ricted species diversity and food chain complexity, with environmental warming which is occurri  od chain complexity, with environmental warming which is occurring at approximately twice the r  rch will develop novel experimental and modelling techniques to find out the importance in anta  in antarctic soils of specific forms of nitrogen. in addition, we want to find out whether thes  find out whether these forms of organic nitrogen are available to microbes and plants, and whet  microbes and plants, and whether global warming will alter the nitrogen dynamics of antarctic s  d whether global warming will alter the nitrogen dynamics of antarctic soils. we hypothesize th  k directly underpins policy relating to climate change and biodiversity in polar regions. the w  remely relevant to many other low-input ecosystems around the world .
10804	12	ortant natural laboratory for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital   ry for examining ecosystem responses to climate change, and it is vital that the biological cha   a combination of the simplicity of its ecosystems, which exhibit restricted species diversity   ricted species diversity and food chain complexity, with environmental warming which is occurri  od chain complexity, with environmental warming which is occurring at approximately twice the r  rch will develop novel experimental and modelling techniques to find out the importance in anta  in antarctic soils of specific forms of nitrogen. in addition, we want to find out whether thes  find out whether these forms of organic nitrogen are available to microbes and plants, and whet  microbes and plants, and whether global warming will alter the nitrogen dynamics of antarctic s  d whether global warming will alter the nitrogen dynamics of antarctic soils. we hypothesize th  k directly underpins policy relating to climate change and biodiversity in polar regions. the w  remely relevant to many other low-input ecosystems around the world .
12014	14	objectives ecosystem effects of fishing are well described . the r  cts of fishing are well described . the resistance of communities to environmental modification  ntal modifications such as those due to climate change could then be altered. changes in the co  hes of fisheries are explained by these ecosystem effects , but also by the exploitation strate  multi-decadal changes of the ecological community-fishery system, the key ecological and econom  guyana. results despite contrasted mean temperature regimes, a 1°c sea surface warming was obse   temperature regimes, a 1°c sea surface warming was observed during the last two decades. chang  two decades. changes of the ground-fish community structure were observed and interpreted as co  eted as combined effects of fishing and warming in the bay of biscay and guyana cases. greater   ed by heavier exploitation and/or lower resistance of the low diversity system as compared to g  e changes observed in the south-morroco community could be attributed only to fishing impacts a  riability of the upwelling may hide the warming effects. facing ecosystem effects of fishing an  ng may hide the warming effects. facing ecosystem effects of fishing and of climate change, the  ing ecosystem effects of fishing and of climate change, the studied fisheries were able to part
440	9	biological traits are assumed to control the distributi  gical traits are assumed to control the distribution of species across environmental gradients   esis at a large geographic and specific scale, we developed a data base, plantraits, with which  one of the 61 individual and population traits currently defined in plantraits, taken on 2685 s  g which 45% are tropical species. those traits were measured at one or more of 319 locations wo  potential proxys of uneasily accessible traits such as leaf thickness to include plantraits in   ata bases, including worldwide bases of climate and soil properties. this will contribute to th  ncluding worldwide bases of climate and soil properties. this will contribute to the emerging f   relationships between plants and their environment.
528	2	is phenomenon is the consequence of the intensification of agriculture on an important area of   systems co-exist with various stages of environment closures. furthermore, the grasslands there
12656	1	analysis of the species composition and abundance of breeding birds in urban and suburban housi
11294	3	the issue of carbon field experiment at the moor house national natu  d experiment at the moor house national nature reserve, northern england, with various grazing    burning treatments. we will manipulate vegetation of different management systems to test how
11305	3	summary the issue of carbon field experiment at the moor house national natu  d experiment at the moor house national nature reserve, northern england, with various grazing    burning treatments. we will manipulate vegetation of different management systems to test how
14949	5	ulations. we want to see the effects of precipitation changes on soil respiration and soil carb  the effects of precipitation changes on soil respiration and soil carbon accumulation, and rela  itation changes on soil respiration and soil carbon accumulation, and relate these changes to m   the us and the arctic. but, apart that vegetation responses would be very different from medit  ld be very different from mediterranean ecosystems, very few scientists have attempted to manip
15388	7	despite semi-arid ecosystems occupy globally a wide extension of the land  the land surface, the studies examining function in relation with global change in this type of  ies examining function in relation with global change in this type of ecosystems are relatively  tion with global change in this type of ecosystems are relatively scarce. one of the most inter  ing and intriguing aspects of semi-arid ecosystems is the role that biological soil crusts the   f semi-arid ecosystems is the role that biological soil crusts the intrinsic variability of the  g-rewetting cycles in stipa tenaccisima ecosystems at the center of the iberian peninsula.
14875	1	biodiversity will be examined along the chronosequence.
7150	10	nd sorghum are the staple food and main energy food source for populations of sahelian countrie   of sahelian countries like niger. agro ecosystems in this country are exposed to profound chan  varieties. no precise study on a larger scale on the development of agro-biodiversity of millet   precise study on a larger scale on the development of agro-biodiversity of millet and sorghum   ing to varieties, the cropping systems, climate and soil conditions and demographic, entries co  • identify factors that influenced this development: physical and biotic environment, human env  d this development: physical and biotic environment, human environment. this project is first b   physical and biotic environment, human environment. this project is first based on data and pl  hat of data characterizing the physical environment and bio-economic, will interpret any variat  ght of changes in the natural and human environment
14175	6	the stratigraphic record. knowledge of habitat preferences of taxa, general distribution patte  of habitat preferences of taxa, general distribution pattern of ecological assemblages of fauna  cation in time and space, and trends in abundance and diversity variations provides information  thologically, these strata consist of a succession of quite homogeneous more or less calcareous  y high sea level. still, we assume that sedimentation in the baltic silurian palaeobasin was no   only we think that they still affected distribution of faunas and can be traced via detailed s
6945	4	f the study is to reveal the population density and biodiversity of microbial communities inhab  tivity affected habitats. examining the abundance of microorganisms in the uncovered and differ  ck surfaces, revealing the phylogenetic distribution and the potential metabolic activities of   icrobial communities can also be a good indicator of degradation of karst environments due to h
10499	1	ization, gene expression and phenotypic evolution, we will compare these processes in both natu
10699	1	ization, gene expression and phenotypic evolution, we will compare these processes in both natu
7156	5	ar place are those that have functional biological traits values ​​compatible with the constrai  ble with the constraints imposed by the environment, and these are the functional characteristi  untered and the characteristics of many biological traits is an essential step to test this hyp  lyzable form, quantified information on functional traits variations of herbaceous and woody sp   contrasting climates of regions on the evolution of plant communities and provide in significa
11062	4	c, due in part to the poor survival and recovery of fish remains, the processing of marine food  alia or other related artefacts. stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signals for marine foods im  er related artefacts. stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signals for marine foods imprinted in   temporary peoples were exploiting their environment. where longer sequences of occupation exist
10349	4	how increased biomass and rates of tree mortality and recruitment - but the underlying drivers   biomass and rates of tree mortality and recruitment - but the underlying drivers of these chang  orest plots, integrate it with soil and climate data, then creatively use this data to identify  f changing dynamics on biodiversity and climate change
11786	4	how increased biomass and rates of tree mortality and recruitment - but the underlying drivers   biomass and rates of tree mortality and recruitment - but the underlying drivers of these chang  orest plots, integrate it with soil and climate data, then creatively use this data to identify  f changing dynamics on biodiversity and climate change.
11463	6	water salinities and we hypothesis that salinity and temperature interact to allow these organi  ies and we hypothesis that salinity and temperature interact to allow these organisms to surviv  der varying salinities and temperatures growth of these groups of isolates to determine the int  es to determine the interactive role of salinity and temperature on their growth. this work may  ne the interactive role of salinity and temperature on their growth. this work may help explain  le of salinity and temperature on their growth. this work may help explain the presence of arch
11802	6	water salinities and we hypothesis that salinity and temperature interact to allow these organi  ies and we hypothesis that salinity and temperature interact to allow these organisms to surviv  der varying salinities and temperatures growth of these groups of isolates to determine the int  es to determine the interactive role of salinity and temperature on their growth. this work may  ne the interactive role of salinity and temperature on their growth. this work may help explain  le of salinity and temperature on their growth. this work may help explain the presence of arch
11013	4	tions between biogeochemical cycling of carbon and water in semi-arid regions of the western u.  s is that biogenic emission of reactive carbon gases from plants and soil, and wind transport o  nuclei bacteria, fungal spores, pollen, leaf litter , and in derived from bacterial decompositi   litter , and in derived from bacterial decomposition of these particles. biological in are par
11461	2	oflim grown cells can induce antibiotic production in planktonic cells. compounds released from  llus pumilus can also induce antibiotic production in b. licheniformis cell suspensions. we wil
9937	2	oflim grown cells can induce antibiotic production in planktonic cells. compounds released from  llus pumilus can also induce antibiotic production in b. licheniformis cell suspensions. we wil
12514	5	ble, food processing and manufacturing, distribution and retailing. the supply chain in each se  re blocking market entry, operation and development. this will identiy topics for targeted case  barriers to market entry, operation and development in each sector will be identified by consid  entified by considering factors such as production capability, processing and manufacturing cap   processing and manufacturing capacity, distribution, consumption, the retail market and access
11476	6	oth produced and consumed in the marine environment. we have recently isolated a number of nove  mebr-degrading bacteria from the marine environment. these bacteria grow on mebr and related co  sms in cycling of methyl halides in the environment and our knowledge of the mechanisms of meth  anisms for the breakdown of mebr in the environment, we propose to characterise these new mebr    in order to assess their potential for development of commercial biotransformation processes u  wide range of halogenated substrates in oxygen electrode and gas chromatography experiments. if
10743	2	ontinue the measurement of organic n in precipitation across the uk, using the new protocols fo   inorganic n deposition as ammonium and nitrate.
11755	2	ontinue the measurement of organic n in precipitation across the uk, using the new protocols fo   inorganic n deposition as ammonium and nitrate.
9974	2	ontinue the measurement of organic n in precipitation across the uk, using the new protocols fo   inorganic n deposition as ammonium and nitrate.
12185	6	at may threaten the achievement of agri-environment scheme objectives in england and wales. the  grasslands and to identify and evaluate mitigation methods that will enhance the ability of agr  s that will enhance the ability of agri-environment schemes to meet their objectives. in the fi  meadows; fields within and without agri-environment schemes and biodiversity. the findings will  d a final report on the plot- and field-scale experiments, including an assessment of the ecolo  cal information that could underpin the production of a technical advice note on soil compactio
10228	3	heoretically, the introduction into any environment of a pair of sexually reproducing animals d   introduction. outputs will include the production of predictive models of processes essential   n current preventative, remediation and mitigation techniques of alien species in the uk and be
11625	4	of its occurrence and extent require a model of erodibility. erodibility is difficult to estim   easily be applied over several scales. remote sensing data has tackled these scaling issues wi  ablish a physical basis between surface soil properties including roughness and bi-directional   tra and to develop the applicability of remote sensing data for wind erosion models.
13465	8	levels of biodiversity and agricultural production through its role in plant pollination. howev  luding pathogens, biological invasions, climate change and pollution. honeybees, and the plants  ubspecies becoming adapted to its local environment. more recently, the management of colonies   d in artificial selection for desirable traits. our goal is to uncover the molecular basis of t  to uncover the molecular basis of these traits, such as cold adaptation and gentleness. to achi  echnology. we will then scan these fine-scale patterns of genetic variation for the characteris  e genetic variation underlying adaptive traits could be crucial in maintaining them in the face  uable for studying honeybee ecology and evolution.
13359	3	forage crops to be grown very variable climate and soil conditions are required both rehabilit  marginal areas especially for providing nitrogen to soil, improving soil texture and supplying   for various agronomic and morphological traits for the further breeding studies
14514	3	ys one of the priorities of sustainable development. in this sense, among many options, the dev   in this sense, among many options, the development of strategies of ex situ reproduction for s  n danger of extinction. related to this model, germoplasm banks .
1096	3	index will be calculated. at slaughter ph45 will be measured and from right side, sample joint  ing determinations will be carried out: ph; colour will be carried out. the results of these an  ducts will be submitted to organoleptic evaluation by trained panel. the results will be analys
15217	8	characterization of the extreme acidic ecosystem of rio tinto to generate an operative model o  m of rio tinto to generate an operative model of a unique environment, in which not only the bi  generate an operative model of a unique environment, in which not only the biological diversity  nent group has a vast experience in the model of study and masters most of the methodologies re  t of the methodologies required for the development of the project. the results obtained during  roject. the results obtained during the development of the grant cgl2006-02534, more than 40 pu  blications, back up the interest of the model and the convenience of a deeper characterization   nce of a deeper characterization of the ecosystem and the search for possible applications.
14749	5	ematic study of the tinto river extreme ecosystem with the aim to generate a functional model i  m with the aim to generate a functional model in which not only the biological diversity is con  2-02148, which is in its final stage of development, and contains the extension of several obje  f the experience accumulated during its development. the project is multidisciplinary and has t  ent fases underline the interest of the model system and the convenience of its extension.
15181	1	t affects pyrenean chamois populations. mortality associated to this virus has reached values a
7501	2	heavily involved in relations with the environment. the second objective is the search for rel  ionships between these polymorphisms or classification resulting in clean and adaptive characte
15334	1	asteraceae , who proposed a predictive model for gen s diversity in steady panmictic populatio
7510	3	of methods for the characterization and classification of isolates obtained from geographically  nt hydrothermal sites. because of their abundance in these ecosystems and their biotechnologica  es. because of their abundance in these ecosystems and their biotechnological interest, the ord
7384	1	yze the microsatellite polymorphism and evolution compared, in time, in space, in that they are
7625	12	not take into account the architectural complexity of the root system of trees. so we will ende  o evaluate the effects of architectural traits of interest for soil reinforcement and integrate  nt and integrate these effects in slope stability models. the approach is based on the embodime  ping digital models ground roots at the scale of the tree; 3. the implementation of a digital e  esign to quantify the influence of root traits on soil resistance; 4- integration of these resu  fy the influence of root traits on soil resistance; 4- integration of these results in a slope   integration of these results in a slope stability scale model of a catchment. the use of vegeta  n of these results in a slope stability scale model of a catchment. the use of vegetation, espe  hese results in a slope stability scale model of a catchment. the use of vegetation, especially   scale model of a catchment. the use of vegetation, especially forest ecosystems, with a view t  he use of vegetation, especially forest ecosystems, with a view to ensuring a protective functi  s, with a view to ensuring a protective function against various natural hazards in the mountai
14588	3	ura are in precarious state, due to low ph and soil development, under extreme temperature and   recarious state, due to low ph and soil development, under extreme temperature and drought. mor   ph and soil development, under extreme temperature and drought. more than 80 olive varieties e
157	12	the aim of the project is to describe distribution of charophytes in estonian coastal areas o  his group of algae in the total flux of energy and matter of the coastal ecosystem. being a qui  lux of energy and matter of the coastal ecosystem. being a quite unique and small group of macr  caused mainly by taxonomic problems and development peculiarities of charophyte species . evalu  t peculiarities of charophyte species . evaluation of production and growth rates of different   s of charophyte species . evaluation of production and growth rates of different charophyte spe   species . evaluation of production and growth rates of different charophyte species in relatio   to different environmental conditions. evaluation of importance of grazing on development of c   evaluation of importance of grazing on development of charophyte community. evaluation of rege  of grazing on development of charophyte community. evaluation of regeneration ability of charop  on development of charophyte community. evaluation of regeneration ability of charophyte commun  n of regeneration ability of charophyte community after mechanical damage .
14858	1	guide to contributors, there is a wide heterogeneity among the contributions from different au
12404	3	summary objective: to review existing research and techniques, fill knowledge  mical hazards and impacts in the marine environment. this will be in 5 modules; passive samplin   the impacts of chemicals in the marine environment remains a priority issue for defra as part
15147	12	are limited, as is the case in aquatic ecosystems. furthermore, aquatic environments are condu  ng chemical information. thus, in those ecosystems, chemicals cues often mediate the communicat  which use chemical information from the environment for behavioral decision making related to f  ing, reproduction and the assessment of predator risk. in particular, recent experimental and f  tes and vertebrates, show specific anti-predator responses to chemical alarm cues emitted by pr  onses to chemical alarm cues emitted by predators. recent studies have also demonstrated the im  ffects whereby chemical cues emitted by predators influence prey to use different habitats, for  evels or otherwise alter their foraging behavior. therefore, chemical predator recognition may    foraging behavior. therefore, chemical predator recognition may elicit avoidance responses tha   of this project are: 1 to explore anti-predator mechanisms of detection and responses of two p   trout that are responsible of the anti-predator behavior observed in their prey.   at are responsible of the anti-predator behavior observed in their prey.
13530	5	pite being fundamental to phytoplankton growth, increased availability of inorganic nutrients c  th, increased availability of inorganic nutrients cannot fully account for the formation of man  dinoflagellate blooms. relative maximal growth rate is generally lower for dinoflagellates than  ates are generally poor competitors for nutrients. despite this, dinoflagellates constitute one  neering results on grazer-induced toxin production in dinoflagellates through the identificatio
10478	2	of speciation involves the progressive evolution of reproductive isolation between divergent p  ected loci. population genomics and qtl mapping approaches have recently contributed significan
11703	2	of speciation involves the progressive evolution of reproductive isolation between divergent p  ected loci. population genomics and qtl mapping approaches have recently contributed significan
10316	6	opose an analysis of the chemosynthetic ecosystems in antarctica south of the polar front. we w  on comprise: those associated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive   haracterise the biological and physical environment surrounding vent and seep sites identified   eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe  t isolated of chemosynthetically-driven ecosystems, is driven by oceanographic or tectonic proc  s, instead, host to completely isolated evolution.
10551	6	opose an analysis of the chemosynthetic ecosystems in antarctica south of the polar front. we w  on comprise: those associated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive   haracterise the biological and physical environment surrounding vent and seep sites identified   eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe  t isolated of chemosynthetically-driven ecosystems, is driven by oceanographic or tectonic proc  s, instead, host to completely isolated evolution.
10781	6	opose an analysis of the chemosynthetic ecosystems in antarctica south of the polar front. we w  on comprise: those associated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive   haracterise the biological and physical environment surrounding vent and seep sites identified   eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe  t isolated of chemosynthetically-driven ecosystems, is driven by oceanographic or tectonic proc  s, instead, host to completely isolated evolution.
11308	6	opose an analysis of the chemosynthetic ecosystems in antarctica south of the polar front. we w  on comprise: those associated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive   haracterise the biological and physical environment surrounding vent and seep sites identified   eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe  t isolated of chemosynthetically-driven ecosystems, is driven by oceanographic or tectonic proc  s, instead, host to completely isolated evolution.
11568	6	opose an analysis of the chemosynthetic ecosystems in antarctica south of the polar front. we w  on comprise: those associated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive   haracterise the biological and physical environment surrounding vent and seep sites identified   eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe  t isolated of chemosynthetically-driven ecosystems, is driven by oceanographic or tectonic proc  s, instead, host to completely isolated evolution.
11828	6	opose an analysis of the chemosynthetic ecosystems in antarctica south of the polar front. we w  on comprise: those associated with high-temperature, bare-rock hydrothermal vents isis to dive   haracterise the biological and physical environment surrounding vent and seep sites identified   eography of species, and understand the food web processes. our programme will determine whethe  t isolated of chemosynthetically-driven ecosystems, is driven by oceanographic or tectonic proc  s, instead, host to completely isolated evolution.
12365	2	ide a tool that combines an appropriate modelling platform regarding chemical spills in marine   gical impacts relevant to the uk marine environment and fisheries interests in the event of a c
15320	7	et of the trophic chain and the flow of energy of the ecosystem. the main purpose of this proje  hic chain and the flow of energy of the ecosystem. the main purpose of this project of basic re  nse of the microalgae, to situations of stress provoked by the presence of sublethal concentrat  hal concentrations of herbicides in the environment. the immediate response of a species widely   of a species widely used as biological model will be studied to the situation of stress provok  del will be studied to the situation of stress provoked for triazine-type herbicides. there wil  en applied in our laboratory during the development of previous projects, but in addition one t
14316	3	in the late 70s while strong signals of climate changes were noted can be of use for representi  pagation of v. cholerae in a freshwater environment. the possible links with climate change and  er environment. the possible links with climate change and global indices could help in designi
6866	12	he basis of the database of the project mapping the flora of hungary distribution map of 2000 s  he project mapping the flora of hungary distribution map of 2000 species will be completed foll  owing the grid system of the project of mapping the flora of central europe. no such a detailed   closing up the hungarian botany to the mapping project executed in several countries in europe  l countries in europe will be possible. distribution maps prepared to analyze the nation-wide l  ic factors and the actual and potential vegetation. connection between the flora - potential ve  onnection between the flora - potential vegetation - climatic and edaphic factors will be analy  the relative ecological and naturalness indicator values, will be analyzed how truthfully the n  rofessional botanic, landscape history, nature conservation, geographic utilization, furthermor   in forestry, agriculture and practical nature conservation. in the view of botany the results   c information and relation to flora and vegetation history, vegetation research, phytogeography  lation to flora and vegetation history, vegetation research, phytogeography, field and experime
15090	4	an objective and integrative evaluation of the ecological state of the water bodies    bodies requires the recognition of the sediment as an important and differenciated aquatic com  s of time. the inclusion of data on the sediment toxicity to the common data bases built only w  with the data obtained form the chronic sediment bioassays for a risk assessment based on the b
14676	2	project is to evaluate the interest of sediment toxicity data in the river networks for monito  orthern spain. results derived from the sediment toxicity bioassays with tubifex tubifex in the
14187	4	age between the microbial and classical food webs in aquatic systems. in shallow eutrophic and   erial- and primary productions. ciliate community in lake võrtsjärv is extremely rich and usual  be very important in functioning of the food webs in that lake. the following goals are address  liate – metazooplankton trophic link to food web functioning in shallow eutrophic and turbid la
13439	11	the project aims to understand how climate-induced changes in hydrography have affected th  ography have affected the phytoplankton community in the past and present, and how predictions   ea. this will contribute to sustainable development in tropical countries dependent on export o  on the composition of the phytoplankton community by analyzing oceanographic data collected dur  ata collected during the last 50 years. community similarity indices will be used to group taxa  l construct coupled physical-biological model to investigate and characterize the environmental   that correlate with the initiation and development of harmful phytoplankton species, and chall   be tested and validated in manipulated mesocosm experiments. this will enable us to focus the   harmful algal monitoring, and provide a model for climate impact on tropical ecosystem-a region  gal monitoring, and provide a model for climate impact on tropical ecosystem-a region that is l   a model for climate impact on tropical ecosystem-a region that is lagging behind in this respe
7036	8	tant groups of organisms for monitoring environmental change, yet little is known about their w   range shifts that have resulted in the vegetation patterns and world diversity hotspots we kno  -dwelling lichen species follow similar distribution patterns, but the evidence is that this is   america and western europe. the latter distribution is rare in plants at upper latitudes, and   des, and conspicuously at odds with the distribution of the trees on which epiphytic lichens gr  se examining genetic structure within a model species of the boreal forest, mycoblastus sanguin  congruent with the east-east, west-west distribution types of many lichen species and to what e  n species and to what extent its modern distribution and genetic diversity centres diverge from
12658	1	guinea to the countries of the european community , such information will be available to assis
14157	10	ect is a synthesised study of the urban environment and the environmental impact of urbanisatio  ng life cycle assessment, substance and energy flux, methods of ecological footprint and spatia  ux, methods of ecological footprint and spatial analysis. expansive land use and greater mobili  e paradigm and eu directives. the total growth of environmental load of city dwellers is expres  t, special consumption of resources and energy and in their relation with main socio-economic i  their relation with main socio-economic indicators. due to more frequent extraordinary weather   e to adapt and mitigate to the changing climate and contribute to the decrease in greenhouse ga  ansport load and the condition of urban environment, also needs to be elaborated. the objective  op the bases for a sustainable planning model, which as spatial decision support includes an op  erative monitoring system, urbanisation indicators as well as physical planning tools.
230	5	etridae is traditional, the last global review written by l.b.prout during the first half of th  y sterrhinae has been revised on global scale, and regional reviews of some other groups are pu  reatment of data, therefore a cladistic review of moths' morphology on global scale will be opt  c review of moths' morphology on global scale will be optimal for comparison: another database,   database for the proposed project. the review of morphological data of selected groups, subfam
14313	5	storical land use have focused on large-scale landscape modifications that can potentially affe  ions that can potentially affect global climate via their effects on surface albedo, aerosols,   ts on surface albedo, aerosols, and the carbon cycle. these studies concluded that the impact o  act of pre-colonial cultures on natural ecosystems in east africa was limited, due to very low   imited, due to very low mean population density determine the severity of lake water-quality lo
2079	8	, but with radically different seasonal migration patterns from those prior to the collapse. th   and an abrupt change in north atlantic climate that occurred in the mid-1960s. the project wil  ilable long term time series of herring growth and abundance in relation to climate, hydrograph   term time series of herring growth and abundance in relation to climate, hydrography and biolo  ing growth and abundance in relation to climate, hydrography and biological production at lower   to climate, hydrography and biological production at lower trophic levels. the project will se  stical relationship between herring and climate, and develop state-of-the-art mathematical mode  o aid prediction of the consequences of climate changes in the future.
10434	5	tundra landscapes exist as a mosaic of vegetation between tundra and atmosphere. current model  fication of seasonal trace gas flux and energy balance between surface and atmosphere at the la  surface and atmosphere at the landscape scale in high latitude tundra, and the potential feedba  ntial feedbacks to radiative forcing of climate, taking into account this fine-scale landscape    climate, taking into account this fine-scale landscape mosaic mediated by the dynamics of wint
10496	5	tundra landscapes exist as a mosaic of vegetation between tundra and atmosphere. current model  fication of seasonal trace gas flux and energy balance between surface and atmosphere at the la  surface and atmosphere at the landscape scale in high latitude tundra, and the potential feedba  ntial feedbacks to radiative forcing of climate, taking into account this fine-scale landscape    climate, taking into account this fine-scale landscape mosaic mediated by the dynamics of wint
10494	13	ndicate that the extent of the tropical climate zone is more sensitive to global climate change  limate zone is more sensitive to global climate change than model predictions suggest and ecolo  sensitive to global climate change than model predictions suggest and ecological investigations  nah biomes to be extremely sensitive to climate change. however, the dynamics of how tropical v  . however, the dynamics of how tropical vegetation responds to climate change remains controver   of how tropical vegetation responds to climate change remains controversial. to explore the re  ore the relationship between the global climate system and tropical vegetation it is necessary    the global climate system and tropical vegetation it is necessary to examine past records of v  is necessary to examine past records of vegetation change through periods of known global clima   change through periods of known global climate change, e.g. through glacial-interglacial cycle   effective way of examining terrestrial vegetation change is through fossil pollen records from   cycle. pollen records documenting past vegetation change in the lowland tropics of africa are   ore vegetative response to rapid global climate change, e.g. heinrich events, during the period
14231	12	global warming, along with a fast-growing agricultural land us  lobal biodiversity a threat. studies of climate and land use changes in the past due to the com  due to the composition and diversity of land cover changes is particularly valuable in helping   lping to predict the future response of vegetation to climate change and changing land use. to   ct the future response of vegetation to climate change and changing land use. to investigate th  use. to investigate the effects of past climate changes during the holocene vegetation in the c  ast climate changes during the holocene vegetation in the composition of the vegetation and to   ne vegetation in the composition of the vegetation and to clarify the temporal and spatial deve  and to clarify the temporal and spatial development, the scope and intensity of land-use and it   and its impact on the diversity of the vegetation cover, vegetation maps will be reconstructed   the diversity of the vegetation cover, vegetation maps will be reconstructed. received cards v  al structures of the global dynamics of vegetation and land use patterns esinduslikuse models f
2013	10	rn, so fire can only be used on a large scale when there is a distinct dry season. on an annual  deforestation. here i show however, how climate may play an under-appreciated role in controlli  se to further investigate links between climate and fire-driven deforestation using satellite m  ing satellite measurements of fires and precipitation, and assess how regional deforestation ra  e in the future as a result of changing precipitation regime in deforestation regions. this cou  is could be a result of changing global climate and because of deforestation-driven changes in   eforestation-driven changes in regional climate. the first part of the proposed research will t  ill therefore address relations between precipitation characteristics and deforestation rates;   ective will be to assess whether future climate enhances or diminishes the use of fire as a too  ll be quantified using a biogeochemical model.
2030	16	is to understand how species respond to climate change and to predict consequences for communit   change and to predict consequences for community composition and ecosystem functioning. climat  sequences for community composition and ecosystem functioning. climate warming causes shifts of   composition and ecosystem functioning. climate warming causes shifts of species distributions   tion and ecosystem functioning. climate warming causes shifts of species distributions towards   ety of factors. from the perspective of top-down control, the release from natural enemies and   ase from natural enemies and subsequent evolution of increased competitive ability are the most  potheses to explain invasiveness. plant abundance can be controlled by both above- and belowgro  und enemies. however, enemy release and evolution of invasive plants have been rarely, if ever,   and belowground enemies influences the evolution and invasiveness of plant species that expand  ir range from warm into previously cold climate regions. my general hypothesis is that differen  n plants, their natural enemies and the predators of the enemies. in order to test my general h   general hypothesis i will relate plant traits of successful and non-successful invaders from s  herlands to metabolic costs invested in growth and defence in both the original and new habitat  lain and predict plant invasions due to climate warming.    predict plant invasions due to climate warming.
13615	6	due to climate change the ranges of many plant species will sh   from presently warm to previously cold climate regions. invasive plant species may become seri   greenhouse experiments, i will compare growth and plant defences between plants of the same sp  als with olfactomters. studying how the abundance of root-feeding nematodes is controlled in na  ding nematodes is controlled in natural ecosystems may help to improve the biological control o  biological control of nematodes in agro-ecosystems.
9835	9	climate change is one of the major threats currently fa   biodiversity. predicting the impact of climate change for species requires the development of   climate change for species requires the development of population models which quantify both th  constraints influencing these shifts in distribution. to make such models useful tools, it is t  essary to integrate them with models of climate change impacts. i will use black-tailed godwits  ich there are established links between habitat quality and demography, as a model system with   en habitat quality and demography, as a model system with which to address these issues. the re   these issues. the resulting population model will then be used within a fuzzy-logic based coas  n a fuzzy-logic based coastal simulator model to predict the consequences of sea level rise and
10007	8	h has responded to millions of years of climate change and can be an invaluable means to invest  before 50 million years ago the earth s climate was several degrees hotter than present, there    much higher. between 50 and 34 ma, the climate began to cool dramatically and extensive ice-sh  ooling, but rather at this time earth s climate fluctuated rapidly between short-lived warm int  ere alive. to investigate middle eocene climate we will, firstly, determine exactly how old the  y how old the sediments are that record climate change. we will do this by looking at the magne  stry to produce a picture of the global climate through time. third, we want to use this inform  ely investigating critical intervals of climate change. we will collaborate with scripps instit
13785	6	parasitoid interactions under different climate and habitat change scenarios. i will focus on p  nteractions under different climate and habitat change scenarios. i will focus on pollinating i  i.e. large blue butterflies investigate ecosystem functioning and generality in the study syste  plants-insects-parasitoids in different habitat and climate scenarios will provide valuable inf  ts-parasitoids in different habitat and climate scenarios will provide valuable information abo  will provide valuable information about ecosystem functioning. our general knowledge of how suc
1105	16	st efficient systems for the storage of soil carbon in widespread agro-forestal systems in cent  nsular italian mediterranean areas. the carbon balance will be studied following the dynamics o  namics of the processes involved in the carbon cycle that carry out and control the carbon cycl  on cycle that carry out and control the carbon cycle. a simulation model of the carbon cycle wi   control the carbon cycle. a simulation model of the carbon cycle will be set up simultaneously  carbon cycle. a simulation model of the carbon cycle will be set up simultaneously in order to   e selected agro-forestal systems on the carbon sink. new climatic scenarios, predicted by globa  n the diversity of microorganism and on carbon dynamic and in the carbon cycle models, in order  ganism and on carbon dynamic and in the carbon cycle models, in order to compare the data obtai  ed with the data related to the present climate. moreover, g.i.s. technology will be used for t  l be used for the interpolation and the mapping of the simulation models outputs and of other a  e greenhouse effect via the increase in carbon storage for territorial planners and agricultura  disseminated to promote knowledge about climate change and the mitigating effect, that agro-for  hat agro-forestal systems might have on climate change to an large and diverse audience. the pr  itorial data processing; 3. genetic and functional diversity of microorganisms; 4. carbon sink   ctional diversity of microorganisms; 4. carbon sink and biogeochemical cycles.
10850	3	the effects of climate change in a dynamic competitive interaction bet  species. intertidal barnacles are ideal model organisms to test these alternative causal mechan  ter models, functions for interspecific competition. historical data from a network of sites co
10476	21	e of the most striking impacts of human development is the replacement of natural wildlife habi   is the replacement of natural wildlife habitat with either agriculture or urban environments.    urban environments. not only does such development reduce the overall availability of wildlife  ce the overall availability of wildlife habitat, it often fragments the landscape so that habit  t often fragments the landscape so that habitat patches become smaller and increasingly isolate  d increasingly isolated. this so called habitat fragmentation causes many problems for wildlife   reducing biodiversity and the value of ecosystem services. not surprisingly, habitat fragmenta  f ecosystem services. not surprisingly, habitat fragmentation has become one of the most intens  f major disturbance phenomena in marine ecosystems, the effects of habitat fragmentation in mar  na in marine ecosystems, the effects of habitat fragmentation in marine systems have barely bee  sons for this including difficulties in mapping habitats underwater, limited availability of ec  ats underwater, limited availability of ecosystem models, and difficulty in establishing the co  ispersal. although the lack of study of habitat fragmentation in marine ecosystems is understan  tudy of habitat fragmentation in marine ecosystems is understandable, the potential importance   da, primarily because of the impacts of climate change. in 1998, for example, unusually high se  n tropical regions led to unprecedented mortality of reef corals with many reefs losing 99% of   of the world s reefs losing their coral dominance within a few months. with the recent emergenc   with the recent emergence of models of ecosystem dynamics and larval connectivity among coral   models of ecosystem dynamics and larval connectivity among coral reefs, the constraints to stud  he four key ingredients needed to study climate change impacts on marine habitats. these are .    studies to test the predictions of the model by simulating the actual disturbance histories of
13755	2	climate models predict an increase in dynamic ice forma  ams due to increasingly fluctuating air temperature. sub-surface ice will focus on the effects
2006	7	eef communities. for the recognition of global change signals and a rational choice of indicato  change signals and a rational choice of indicator taxa, a solid historical baseline is needed.   a from as far back in time as possible. model taxa are selected, based on their representation   arium collections and their response to environmental change. next to data base comparison, we   nsity of past enso events. the skeletal growth band patterns of museum specimens collected in t  of a computer-guided microdrill. stable oxygen isotope and sr/ca analyses on these samples will   series on sea surface temperatures and precipitation / evaporation changes and can thus be use
10044	13	uncertainly regarding the influence of climate change on structure of marine fish assemblages,  s trophic levels is key to safeguarding ecosystem function. we propose to investigate climatic   bility, and whether temporal changes in community composition have been of the same magnitude a  test if individual species show similar abundance trends throughout their geographic ranges, an  nd identify ecological and life-history species traits linked to temporal changes of abundance,  es traits linked to temporal changes of abundance, including body size, growth rates and trophi  emporal changes of abundance, including body size, growth rates and trophic level and 3 test th  nges of abundance, including body size, growth rates and trophic level and 3 test the reliabili  hic level and 3 test the reliability of climate-envelope predictions of future species distribu  ictions made using models incorporating density-dependent habitat choice. our goal is to identi   models incorporating density-dependent habitat choice. our goal is to identify the scales for   cales for patterns of change in species abundance and to quantify uncertainties underpinning pr  to 4 c rises in mean annual sea surface temperature over the next 100 years.
10895	5	the world is experiencing rapid climate change with a predicted rise in global average   xt 50 years. among a range of predicted ecosystem impacts, one already documented is a temperat  em impacts, one already documented is a temperature-driven shift in species distributions withi  , disperse slowly cannot adapt to rapid climate change within the lifespan of individuals. fore  be among the first habitats impacted by climate change, a realisation driving the search for ap
11708	5	the world is experiencing rapid climate change with a predicted rise in global average   xt 50 years. among a range of predicted ecosystem impacts, one already documented is a temperat  em impacts, one already documented is a temperature-driven shift in species distributions withi  , disperse slowly cannot adapt to rapid climate change within the lifespan of individuals. fore  be among the first habitats impacted by climate change, a realisation driving the search for ap
7479	13	e is no certainty regarding the precise nature and rate of future climate change, even the most  g the precise nature and rate of future climate change, even the most moderate scenarios predic  edict a continuing change of the marine environment, with associated major environmental and so  s. to prepare society for the necessary mitigation and adaptation measures, the awareness of ci  f eu research results on the impacts of climate change on the marine environment and to make th  impacts of climate change on the marine environment and to make this knowledge and its socio-ec  pean research results on the effects of climate change on marine environment. an up-to-date ove  the effects of climate change on marine environment. an up-to-date overview of public knowledge  wledge and perception on the effects of climate change on marine environments and their socio-e  ies. enhancement of public knowledge on climate change impacts on the marine environment, inclu  on climate change impacts on the marine environment, including the socio-economic consequences,  te with european citizens on impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems.    on impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems.
12660	10	vouring to remove obstacles that hinder migration; protect habitats; and lessen the impact of n  ant as they can act as linkages between ecosystems, and therefore can be indicators of ecologic  etween ecosystems, and therefore can be indicators of ecological change. the eighth conference   the uk on the strength of links between climate change and migratory species’ behaviour, abunda  hange and migratory species’ behaviour, abundance and distribution and passed a resolution on c  atory species’ behaviour, abundance and distribution and passed a resolution on climate change,  distribution and passed a resolution on climate change, which amongst other things, called for   y/index.htm the report recommended that indicator species be identified to provide information   s for data collection and monitoring of climate-change impacts on migratory species, so that in  g the threats to migratory species from climate change.
13773	5	temperature profoundly affects the seasonal timing of b  nes during the breeding season. because temperature shows yearly variation, organisms have evol  sticity allows short-term adjustment to temperature changes, large-scale disruptions to these p  djustment to temperature changes, large-scale disruptions to these patterns , and assess whethe   to these patterns , and assess whether climate variables can limit the success of species tran
2000	18	peat bogs are important ecosystems in relation to climatic change. by forming p  ificant long-term sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide. climatic change could bring about chang  ersity and species composition of these ecosystems that could have important repercussions for   have important repercussions for global carbon cycling. experiments that have been carried out   oo short to study the response of these ecosystems to global change. virtually nothing is known  udy the response of these ecosystems to global change. virtually nothing is known about how cli  e. virtually nothing is known about how climate change and changes in atmospheric n deposition   mospheric n deposition would affect bog ecosystems at longer time scales. on the other hand bog  a natural archive of the history of the vegetation and carbon sequestration. based on the seque  ve of the history of the vegetation and carbon sequestration. based on the sequence of plant re   vascular plant species composition and carbon sequestration in bogs;· to determine the long-te  ine the long-term effects of changes in temperature, precipitation, n deposition and fluctuatin  term effects of changes in temperature, precipitation, n deposition and fluctuating solar activ  lar activity on species composition and carbon accumulation;· to analyse the relation between t  elation between species composition and carbon sequestration;· to investigate the long-term eff  to investigate the long-term effects of climate change on plant species composition and carbon   change on plant species composition and carbon sequestration in bogs using a simulation model.   equestration in bogs using a simulation model.
14737	10	studies have considered the effects of climate change on ecosystem functioning, and on plant a  idered the effects of climate change on ecosystem functioning, and on plant and animal physiolo  is needed to investigate the impacts at community level, particularly in forests. at regional s  l, particularly in forests. at regional scale, climate change may produce modifications in spec  icularly in forests. at regional scale, climate change may produce modifications in species dis  ge may produce modifications in species distribution, according to their potential climatic nic  develop statistical models of potential distribution of the main spanish forest species under d  ased on the current patterns of species distribution by climatic manipulation experiments. we h  abrupt changes may appear after drought thresholds are achieved. these experiments will also al   attributes of seedlings related to the climate variability.
14823	10	es that ecotones are very vulnerable to climate change. environmental limitations to the distri  hange. environmental limitations to the distribution of forest trees become most obvious at tre  tremes in environmental factors such as temperature, water supply, irradiation, etc. accumulate  er supply, irradiation, etc. accumulate stress situations than trees can hardly withstand. ther  the role of upper tree line ecotones as indicators of environmental changes is widely recognise  endemic pine species and dominated by a climate with summer droughts and frost conditions in wi  imberline in tenerife by characterizing growth, respiration, non structural carbohydrates, phot  e in tenerife by characterizing growth, respiration, non structural carbohydrates, photosynthes  . obtained data will provide a response model of p. canariensis to the most extreme environment  e for better management of forest under climate change conditions
482	2	insects react rapidly to environmental change: for example, regional extinction   lso shown that butterflies are accurate indicators of change in less conspicuous invertebrate t
12592	7	climate change has been identified by the draft soil st   along with land-use practices. current climate projections for the uk suggest scenarios of war  ections for the uk suggest scenarios of warming leading to hotter and drier summers, and milder  ls to maintain delivery of the range of ecosystem goods and services required of them. soil org  n the provision of the majority of such ecosystem services, performing major roles in soil proc  il processes and functioning, including carbon and nutrient cycling, soil structural dynamics,    be directly and indirectly impacted by climate change, but the consequences of such effects ar
7673	2	strategy of land occupation and uses of ecosystems resources, and how this behaviour impacts bi  e used to prospect several scenarios of evolution based on river dynamics produced from ipcc pr
11758	3	lating the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in  ironments, small changes in whole plant carbon balances may have important consequences for see  ave important consequences for seedling growth and survival.
9996	3	lating the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide . in such environments, small changes in  ironments, small changes in whole plant carbon balances may have important consequences for see  ave important consequences for seedling growth and survival.
10889	13	climate change is now recognized as having major impact  ving complex effects at the individual, community and ecosystem level. for example warmer weath  ffects at the individual, community and ecosystem level. for example warmer weather has brought  erate and polar species retreat. at the community level, changes in assemblage composition have  otentially for the functioning of whole ecosystems. in the marine realm the timing of the sprin  assemblages and indeed the whole marine food web. changes in the timing of this bloom as a resu  the timing of this bloom as a result of climate change have been demonstrated and shown to have  intertidal barnacles have made a superb model organism for studies of larval transport and supp  sport and supply and are also sensitive indicators of climate change. their larvae are also imp  ly and are also sensitive indicators of climate change. their larvae are also important compone  re also important components of coastal food webs. in the british isles, barnacles are either b  esults will be used to extend further a model developed with colleagues at sams as part of a pr  ous nerc grant to understand effects of climate change on adult populations of benthic organism
10950	6	cross scotland. we will estimate winter precipitation during the yd using the relationship betw  er equilibrium line altitude and summer temperature. we will investigate whether glacier retrea   resulted from reduction in snowfall or climate warming. we will compare midge-inferred july te  d from reduction in snowfall or climate warming. we will compare midge-inferred july temperatur  uly temperatures with the grip ice core oxygen isotope record to determine whether the grip rec  ecord can be used as a proxy for summer temperature in the ne atlantic region and as a link wit
13587	13	is to evaluate the effect of among-year climate variation on the recruitment of planktonic herb   of among-year climate variation on the recruitment of planktonic herbivores in lakes and the r  known as clear water phases . the rapid growth of crustacean herbivores and the resulting depre  to a cwp. using a structured population model and laboratory experiments together with field sa  s together with field sampling data and evaluation of historical data from two large north amer   lakes, i will test the hypothesis that climate during late winter and early spring influences   ion of cwp:s through its effects on the recruitment of planktonic herbivores from diapausing eg  , duration, and magnitude of cwp:s. the development and evaluation of theoretical models descri  magnitude of cwp:s. the development and evaluation of theoretical models describing and predict  -plant interactions with effects at the ecosystem scale will benefit fundamental science. knowl  eractions with effects at the ecosystem scale will benefit fundamental science. knowledge of th  the ecological mechanisms through which climate conditions during winter may affect water clari  water quality management in the face of climate change.
2056	8	climate change scenarios predict that arctic regions wi  ges anywhere on the globe due to global warming in the coming decades. this is of great concern   the project will explore the impact of climate variability on the movement patterns, growth pa  e variability on the movement patterns, growth patterns and interactions of these two species,   of these two species, identify critical habitat features and develop a predictive model to asse  bitat features and develop a predictive model to assess the impact of future climate change on   ve model to assess the impact of future climate change on these animals and the ecosystem they   climate change on these animals and the ecosystem they occupy.
1997	19	we will base our study on climate induced biodiversity shifts in freshwater ecosy  duced biodiversity shifts in freshwater ecosystems on three influential hypotheses: the interme  ant component of disturbance in aquatic ecosystems. climate change can thus be expected to affe  t of disturbance in aquatic ecosystems. climate change can thus be expected to affect biodivers  diversity. according to this hypothesis climate change is likely to affect biodiversity by chan   stable states which differ strongly in community composition as well as biodiversity. climate   ty composition as well as biodiversity. climate change may potentially push these ecosystems to  imate change may potentially push these ecosystems to another stable state and may therefore ha  effect on aquatic biodiversity. we will review, test and apply each of these theories in two cl  ked projects. a mathematically inclined ph.d. student will perform time series analysis on exis  analyses with simple multi-species prey-predator, competition and ecosystem models. an experime  ith simple multi-species prey-predator, competition and ecosystem models. an experimentally exp  -species prey-predator, competition and ecosystem models. an experimentally experienced post-do  ionally carry out simulations with full-scale ecosystem models. these two alw-funded researcher  y carry out simulations with full-scale ecosystem models. these two alw-funded researchers will  eaders in the field of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of aquatic systems. the consortiu  tools to assess the potential impact of climate change on aquatic biodiversity. the integrative  is obtained, which is essential for the development of sustainable management strategies. it wi  o a better prediction of the effects of global change for aquatic biodiversity.
1999	15	how will global change affect the biodiversity of aquatic ecosys  ange affect the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems to tackle this question, we base our work on  dict different relations between global warming and biodiversity. to explore the potentially co  he potentially complex relation between global change and aquatic biodiversity in more detail,   n, under controlled nutrient, light and temperature conditions. in different experiments we wil  of the phytoplankton or the zooplankton community and additionally impose different temperature  unity and additionally impose different temperature and light regimes to study climatic effects  lts of the time series analysis and the model analysis obtained in the companion project. since   since climatic effects on more complex food webs and on organisms with long generation times c  ll make use of an existing general lake model. we will use this full-scale ecosystem model as a  neral lake model. we will use this full-scale ecosystem model as an electronic cosm, focusing o  lake model. we will use this full-scale ecosystem model as an electronic cosm, focusing on the   . we will use this full-scale ecosystem model as an electronic cosm, focusing on the same quest  the results obtained by time series and model analysis in the companion project of this researc  tools to assess the potential impact of climate change on aquatic biodiversity.
1998	9	we address the question how global change will affect the biodiversity of aquatic e  will affect the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems using three influential theories as guidance  dict different relations between global warming and biodiversity. this is a first indication th  first indication that relations between global change and aquatic biodiversity are not necessar  he potentially complex relation between global change and aquatic biodiversity in more detail,   propose to use time series analysis and model analysis. the time series analysis will focus on   e types of models. we will use abstract model formulations to obtain a better qualitative under  ve understanding. the findings from the model analysis and time series analysis will be compare  tools to assess the potential impact of climate change on aquatic biodiversity.
2179	5	discoveries that suggest that distinct, climate-change related shifts in geometrid outbreak ran  est this match-mismatch hypothesis in a food web perspective, combining small-scale process stu  a food web perspective, combining small-scale process studies with large-scale, pattern oriente   small-scale process studies with large-scale, pattern oriented approaches. through these studi  birch forest under various scenarios of climate change.
14665	6	iterranean region contains transitional climate zones where climate change may have the greates  ntains transitional climate zones where climate change may have the greatest effects. in the ar  ime and drought phenomenon often occurs climate change plays a decisive role on the dynamics of  stems. in this context, the analysis of climate change and its variability is of great interest  tural resources. such studies combining climate variability information and its effect on natur  implications of better understanding of climate variability with a greater spatial resolution c
15005	4	the scientific community has now no doubt on the existence of a global  he biodiversity existing in terrestrial ecosystems corresponds to bryophytes, with approximatel  to study comparatively the responses to temperature and water stress of broadly distributed spe   the responses to temperature and water stress of broadly distributed species and those restric
2078	8	predicted climate changes will affect nature as a whole. for a be    predicted climate changes will affect nature as a whole. for a better understanding of specie  . for a better understanding of species-distribution and species-composition as a response to c  nd species-composition as a response to climate change it is important to consider comparable i  sms in time and space. it is known that climate changes will have a strong effect on species-di  es will have a strong effect on species-distribution and species-composition in areas where num  he opportunity of testing the effect of climate conditions and change on dynamic biodiversity,   f organisms differ in their response to climate change. this enables an identification of areas
424	2	hotspot of biodiversity . the simulated distribution of the cedar shows drastic changes with a   ges with a significant reduction of its distribution area in north africa during the next centu
6861	3	iromnental changes, they may be used as indicators of microclimatic fluctuations. based on numb  bility of leaves in particular species, climate-plant relation can be studied. statistical and   eir cooccurrence with other elements of vegetation , and compare data with other known european
2109	16	nd surface. the predicted anthropogenic climate changes are supposed to have large influences i  cies above the existing treeline. steep temperature gradients influence the survival of many pl  f many plant species and their internal competition. the changes are supposed to be slow, and t  e use of more easy accesible methods as lidar airborne scanning for present and future determin  ion of resources. we will also use past vegetation and soil registrations for analysing the dev  nd soil registrations for analysing the development of the vegetation and the tree stands in a   ns for analysing the development of the vegetation and the tree stands in a selected research a  tstanding study area, due to a detailed mapping of vegetation, soil properties and timberline p  tudy area, due to a detailed mapping of vegetation, soil properties and timberline position in   ue to a detailed mapping of vegetation, soil properties and timberline position in 1932-1936. t  lots will be reanalysed with respect to vegetation and soil, and the information will be includ  n will be included in a digital terrain model along. the old and the new vegetation data will b  errain model along. the old and the new vegetation data will be analysed with respect to change  mation on plant species composition and competition will be used combined with regclim regional   be used combined with regclim regional climate scenarios in order to predict the effects of fu   order to predict the effects of future climate change in this ecotone. we plan to provide info
13612	13	ncern is to a large extent derived from model-based predictions on how future climate change wi  m model-based predictions on how future climate change will affect european biodiversity. curre   european biodiversity. current species distribution models suggest that climate change will ca  pecies distribution models suggest that climate change will cause habitats to shift or contract  es in how species respond to changes in habitat availability. central to this problem is the ha  ability. central to this problem is the habitat tracking hypothesis, which states that populati   populations will respond to changes in habitat availability by altering their distributions ac  determine the probability and extent of climate-induced habitat tracking in european mammals. w  obability and extent of climate-induced habitat tracking in european mammals. we will combine r  ped ancient dna approaches with species distribution models to construct a detailed investigati  o construct a detailed investigation of habitat tracking in nine model species in real time thr  vestigation of habitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 year  empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and empl
15565	13	ncern is to a large extent derived from model-based predictions on how future climate change wi  m model-based predictions on how future climate change will affect european biodiversity. curre   european biodiversity. current species distribution models suggest that climate change will ca  pecies distribution models suggest that climate change will cause habitats to shift or contract  es in how species respond to changes in habitat availability. central to this problem is the ha  ability. central to this problem is the habitat tracking hypothesis, which states that populati   populations will respond to changes in habitat availability by altering their distributions ac  determine the probability and extent of climate-induced habitat tracking in european mammals. w  obability and extent of climate-induced habitat tracking in european mammals. we will combine r  ped ancient dna approaches with species distribution models to construct a detailed investigati  o construct a detailed investigation of habitat tracking in nine model species in real time thr  vestigation of habitat tracking in nine model species in real time through the last 40,000 year  empo and mode of population response to climate change, as well as to evaluate, adjust and empl
10413	6	insects react rapidly to environmental change: for example, regional extinction   lso shown that butterflies are accurate indicators of change in less conspicuous invertebrate g  r impacts on all other species in their environment. here we propose to measure the combined im  ned impacts of human-induced changes in climate and habitat species across the climatic gradien  of human-induced changes in climate and habitat species across the climatic gradient, using the   gradient, using the centre for ecology hydrology s dataset of annual changes in all uk butterf
13747	2	insects react rapidly to environmental change: for example, regional extinction   lso shown that butterflies are accurate indicators of w,\ ilii change in less conspicuous inver
15566	2	insects react rapidly to environmental change: for example, regional extinction   lso shown that butterflies are accurate indicators of change in less conspicuous invertebrate t
14140	4	seas is a key factor in shaping spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of planktonic organi  rganisms as well as controlling primary production and cycling of substances. the water column   g those layers to forecast the possible ecosystem changes taking into account future climate ch  stem changes taking into account future climate change projections.
6736	1	on would be valuable for the scientific community in general.
11439	5	seley linked to how we alter the global carbon cycle. the rate at which we are using fossil fue  ering land use ; however, if we get the carbon cycle slightly out of balance the plants and ani   atmospheric concentrations of co2, o2, temperature, types of plants, etc. are. exactly how del  , etc. are. exactly how delicate is the carbon cycle within a closed system the work we are pro  proposing uses one of the largest plant-growth experimental....
11106	1	om an aircraft. seasonal variability in community structure will be determined using terminal r
10587	1	investigation into the potential for co-evolution between female mating behaviour and selfish g
9816	1	investigation into the potential for co-evolution between female mating behaviour and selfish g
12588	11	current literature on the state of soil carbon levels in uk soils is equivocal. prediction  vocal. predictions of future changes in soil carbon levels related to land use and climate chan  l carbon levels related to land use and climate change are highly uncertain, so evidence-based   uggested the need to collate uk data on soil carbon and the release of greenhouse gases in rela  to be gained of the current state of uk soil carbon and the processes driving change, and infor  he processes driving change, and inform model predictions of future changes. furthermore, gaps   cognised members of the uk soil science community who have the broad range of skills required t  ailability and provenance of data on uk soil carbon stocks, fluxes and land use influences. 2.   utput from this project will be a brief review of uk soil carbon data sources and shortfalls in  is project will be a brief review of uk soil carbon data sources and shortfalls in these data.   vidence to policy makers in relation to soil carbon and land management. tasks for a second pha
14958	2	nt and not easy to place in the overall classification of fungi. investigations into the biolog  eveloping methods for the isolation and growth of these fungi in pure culture, using freshly co
10137	7	ns have restricted the extent of global warming by taking up approximately 50% of the co2 from   issolved in seawater and lowers ambient ph in a phenomenon known as ocean acidification . an im   ions in the ocean, a form of dissolved carbon that is depleted in the acidification reaction w  etter understanding of the modern ocean carbon cycle, which is essential to get right before wo  ons about the range of changes in ocean carbon and nutrient cycles we can expect in the future   e ocean may affect the degree of future warming by emitting more or less greenhouse gases such   g more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.
11019	7	ns have restricted the extent of global warming by taking up approximately 50% of the co2 from   issolved in seawater and lowers ambient ph in a phenomenon known as ocean acidification . an im   ions in the ocean, a form of dissolved carbon that is depleted in the acidification reaction w  etter understanding of the modern ocean carbon cycle, which is essential to get right before wo  ons about the range of changes in ocean carbon and nutrient cycles we can expect in the future   e ocean may affect the degree of future warming by emitting more or less greenhouse gases such   g more or less greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.
15028	5	lations and demersal and pelagic marine ecosystems are well documented for commercial fishing,    as their relationships- on the coastal ecosystem have received little attention. nevertheless,  r the exploited species and the coastal ecosystem. the objective of the current proposal is to   tivities. an adaptive management of the ecosystem is necessary to avoid the collapse of the pop   maintain the resiliency of the coastal ecosystems, the health of the fish stocks and the quali
11490	2	the ecosystem services of deltas often support high populat  lnerable coastal environments and their ecosystem services face multiple stresses in the coming
14317	7	biodiversity, its ecology, dynamics and ecosystem functioning are poorly understood simplbecaus  diversity and functioning of an aquatic ecosystem. a large number of conceptual models have bee  f autochtonous and allochtonous primary production for fueling the food web in function of spat  nous primary production for fueling the food web in function of spatial and temporal scales. un   production for fueling the food web in function of spatial and temporal scales. unfortunately,  cers . in particular, the origin of the organic matter fueling the upper levels of the food web   matter fueling the upper levels of the food web will be highlighted. such interdisciplinary an
14318	4	forest management actions that enhance carbon storage in forests, offering incentives for deve  nce carbon storage in forests, offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions  ries to reduce emissions in a post 2012 climate regime. the aim of this project is to get basel  elationship between both variables as a function of forest management. the strategic choice of
13315	4	tools and information critical for the development of large scale, general predictions of biod  n critical for the development of large scale, general predictions of biodiversity effects on l   predictions of biodiversity effects on land use change, and development of policy options for   versity effects on land use change, and development of policy options for land use management.
13823	6	establish the ratio of parasite to host migration and determine the genetic nature of resistanc  ost migration and determine the genetic nature of resistance and virulence traits involved in t  ion and determine the genetic nature of resistance and virulence traits involved in the interac  etic nature of resistance and virulence traits involved in the interaction. this will be done i  otryum violaceum disperses on a similar spatial scale to its host, but invades host populations   genetic variation in parasite selected traits. the results will be used to support the argumen
11545	1	nature is full of interactions between members of diffe
11678	1	nature is full of interactions between members of diffe
14940	6	cophylogenetic patterns, especially the colonization or host-switching through food webs. this    colonization or host-switching through food webs. this task will require to build a phylogenet  asites, the ecomorphology of attachment function to the intestinal wall. our working hypothesis   in turn, will constraint or facilitate colonization of hosts and/or intestinal habitats. there  habitats. therefore, an analysis of the evolution of attachment function might be useful to lin  analysis of the evolution of attachment function might be useful to link key adaptations with t
15583	4	eptional biodiversity, provide critical ecosystem services and support the livelihood of vulner  and ecological landscapes are evolving. climate change, deforestation, and degradation critical  a better understanding of the dynamics, regime shifts and tipping points of biodiversity and th  ders, closing the gap between knowledge production and action.
13455	3	the area have gone extinct. as natural recovery of damaged reefs is slow, and natural reestabl  ical factors for coral reproduction and recruitment, 3 modelling larval dispersal within the na  r coral reproduction and recruitment, 3 modelling larval dispersal within the national park and
12715	9	nitrogen deposition remains a threat to sensitive semi-   exceed the critical loads for nutrient nitrogen and critical levels for ammonia, and are predi  ite reductions in emissions of reactive nitrogen gases. there have been a considerable number o  sed on detailed site based analysis and modelling. however, it is not clear the extent to which   not clear the extent to which elevated nitrogen is impacting upon protected site condition or   oject will provide an analysis of broad scale vegetation surveillance data, including countrysi  will provide an analysis of broad scale vegetation surveillance data, including countryside sur  us vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen distribution datasets. it will correlate spatial and te  rrelate spatial and temporal changes to nitrogen deposition data, to identify whether and to wh
13388	1	ection, conservation, characterization, evaluation and determination of nutritional contents of
13386	1	ypes suitable for rangelands and/or hay production will be utilized in the continuing breeding
14192	1	natural habitats; characterization and evaluation of accessions; documentation; storing safety
14191	2	d viability of plants preserved in slow growth conditions; •to evaluate the influence of long-t  vitro as meristem plants on the genetic stability of accessions; •to update the electronic data
13578	5	es dominated by forestry. anthropogenic climate change may further reduce their abundance. the   climate change may further reduce their abundance. the long-term survival of these forestry-sen  lves. in this project i will assess the colonization ability of forestry-sensitive species. dur  y of forestry-sensitive species. during climate change, high colonizing ability is essential to  s in sites that have become unsuitable. colonization is also crucial to cope with forest fragme
13462	4	perties of the species themselves, e.g. colonization capacity. during climate change, high colo  ves, e.g. colonization capacity. during climate change, high colonizing capacity is essential t  s in sites that have become unsuitable. colonization is also crucial to cope with forest fragme  nated by forestry. this project studies colonization capacity of liverworts, mosses, insects, s
15321	11	cells have to deal with the biochemical stress caused by the lack of liquid water. some cells a  gotrophic conditions and often the high salinity of evaporite rock habitats. successful coloniz   of evaporite rock habitats. successful colonization will in large measure depend on an adequat  ng hypothesis for this project is that: colonization strategies of microorganisms inhabiting ar  y was designed to examine the microbial ecosystems of endolithic habitats in the arid and hyper  rganization of the endolithic microbial ecosystems discovered in january 2010 in the atacama de   the role played by water vapour on the colonization strategies of endolithic organisms. this p  ssible biosignatures left behind by the microbial activity of extant lithobiontic ecosystems in  crobial activity of extant lithobiontic ecosystems in the atacama desert and dry valleys of ant  tors that will provide new insight into climate change in regions as sensitive to global warmin  hange in regions as sensitive to global warming as are deserts.
12146	9	hication-related disturbances in forest ecosystem. increased amounts of plant and . at the edge  . at the edges of the colony changes of vegetation, fungi and soil biota take place. nature and  ation, fungi and soil biota take place. nature and dynamics of these changes must be investigat  n order to understand resilience of the ecosystem to the impact of the cormorant colony and its  roject aims to shape a scheme of forest ecosystem functioning under an impact of hypertrophicat  ted by including additional elements of ecosystem – mammals, insects and wood-inhabiting fungi.  s linking them with expansion rates and productivity of the cormorant colony. results of the pr  . also the changes of mammal and insect community structure, species composition and functional   employed for making a scheme of forest ecosystem functioning under an impact of hypertrophicat
15339	6	ollinators. the anatomy of the eye, the nature of the photoreceptors and the neural connectivit  re of the photoreceptors and the neural connectivity of the visual system differ between insect  ortant implications for the ecology and evolution of plant-pollinator networks. this is because  ifferent flowers affects their relative efficiency at exploiting them and the profitability of    of visiting such flowers when there is competition for resources. differences in visual system  ent sizes against their background as a function of the contrast between background and object.
15327	15	the recent intergovernmental panel on climate change report predicted large temperature incre  n climate change report predicted large temperature increases during the current century. the u  . the unprecedented combination of this temperature rise with other already well-established st  r already well-established stressors of ecosystems will most likely lead to the resilience of t   likely lead to the resilience of these ecosystems being exceeded. research and conservation at  ntion needs to focus not only on global warming and each of the other stressors individually, b  . streams are among the most threatened ecosystems on earth despite their critical ecological r  they provide. current impacts on stream ecosystems will most likely interact with climate warmi  osystems will most likely interact with climate warming, with combined effects that are difficu   will most likely interact with climate warming, with combined effects that are difficult to pr  re consequences on stream biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, and ecosystem services to humans.    biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, and ecosystem services to humans. we predict that climate w  tem services to humans. we predict that climate warming will exacerbate the current effects of   ices to humans. we predict that climate warming will exacerbate the current effects of stressor  rs . our results will determine whether climate-change-related increased temperatures are likel
9857	9	s very important for us to find out how climate changed in the past. without knowing, we cannot  owing, we cannot predict how the future climate might behave. global, systematic measurements o  are currently experiencing accelerating climate change. the layers of ocean sediments in these   hich can provide information about past climate. benthic foraminifers in particular live in the  ant benthic morphospecies used for past climate reconstruction in the north east atlantic to pr  orth east atlantic to produce a unified classification scheme. from our high resolution samplin  ll be able to produce a new bioprovince distribution map for the present day northeast atlantic  ognition would allow the exploration of seasonality in the fossil record. do foram shells of th  the survival of species and drive their evolution through time.
9892	9	s very important for us to find out how climate changed in the past. without knowing, we cannot  owing, we cannot predict how the future climate might behave. global, systematic measurements o  are currently experiencing accelerating climate change. the layers of ocean sediments in these   hich can provide information about past climate. benthic foraminifers in particular live in the  ant benthic morphospecies used for past climate reconstruction in the north east atlantic to pr  orth east atlantic to produce a unified classification scheme. from our high resolution samplin  ll be able to produce a new bioprovince distribution map for the present day northeast atlantic  ognition would allow the exploration of seasonality in the fossil record. do foram shells of th  the survival of species and drive their evolution through time.
14149	15	ity on the structure and functioning of ecosystems across different habitats of the baltic sea.  ce, current flow, water stratification, sedimentation, oxygen deficiency, salinity regime, poll  w, water stratification, sedimentation, oxygen deficiency, salinity regime, pollution, and amon  tion, sedimentation, oxygen deficiency, salinity regime, pollution, and among biotic processes    of invasive alien species, primary and secondary production, benthic-pelagic coupling, herbivo  y production, benthic-pelagic coupling, herbivory, competition and predation. we identify facto  n, benthic-pelagic coupling, herbivory, competition and predation. we identify factors that cau  ic coupling, herbivory, competition and predation. we identify factors that cause differences a  fy factors that cause differences among ecosystems in sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic   ss to many european databases on marine ecosystems. meta-analyses are used to compare results f  ts from different regions, sub-regions, ecosystems or habitats. therefore the results of this p  can be applied at least at pan-european scale. the aim of this project is to provide the knowle  port innovative environmental planning. indicators of change will be identified and guidelines   vironmental status of currently damaged ecosystems, highlight those under threat and therefore   mentation of the eu water framework and habitat directives, marine strategy and imo guidelines.
14898	2	. moreover, due to their sensibility to climate change and habitat alteration and fragmentation  their sensibility to climate change and habitat alteration and fragmentation, are widely used a
13976	4	ently preserve biodiversity and benefit development of the society. we will use ecological biod  rds are affected by shore exploitation, nature reserves and boat traffic. the analysis will als  his will encompass a description of the function of present legal instruments, an analysis of t  ly find new instruments for sustainable development in the archipelago.
2150	2	mpact of bottom trawling on the benthic community. in norway, considerable damage to deep-water  d to the closure of areas and initiated mapping of larger bottom areas of the barents sea. in t
11119	1	ns, specifically, plant defence against herbivory. in contrast, cooperative interactions have r
11836	8	ways, within volcaniclastic deposits by precipitation of silica dissolved from ashes or as sili  ant because eruptions cause flooding of vegetation in the vicinity of vents and thus not only e  t also animals and microbes, even whole ecosystems in situ. such occurrences are rare in the fo  otland. however, studies of present-day vegetation growing in the vicinity of hot springs e.g.   mate the degree to which the hot spring ecosystems are typical of either normal dry-land/wetlan  l of either normal dry-land/wetland, or salinity stressed wetland ecosystems. following detaile  d/wetland, or salinity stressed wetland ecosystems. following detailed anatomical description w  h are indicative of adaptation to water stress/physiological drought, or are connected with wit
10333	6	ecology is possible using natural micro-ecosystems rather than experimentally assembled microco  icroecosystem, we demonstrated that the connectivity of landscape patches is a critical factor   itical factor determining local species richness . here we propose to use this micro-ecosystem   ess . here we propose to use this micro-ecosystem to test the effect of community disassembly o  s micro-ecosystem to test the effect of community disassembly on ecosystem functioning. the res   the effect of community disassembly on ecosystem functioning. the results will have implicatio
10729	5	5 forest patches of different sizes and connectivity located in six landscapes of the imperille  ments necessary to sustain a functional ecosystem. these questions will be tested with the use   s in phylogenetics, population biology, community ecology, landscape ecology, and multivariate   erstanding of the processes that govern community dynamics in fragmented landscapes and the con  alteration for maintaining a functional ecosystem, and will generate solid predictions that can
9936	7	at present it is unclear whether carbon-flow pathways to ch4 in freshwater and marine sy  versity of methanogens selected by each habitat. moreover, the commonly held view that acetate   nd 13c-labelling of archaeal lipids, to ecosystem function. carbon-flow pathways to ch4 in fres  archaeal lipids, to ecosystem function. carbon-flow pathways to ch4 in freshwater, marine and e  be investigated by incubation of intact sediment cores injected with 14c-labelled substrates an   the validity of a stable isotope proxy model that is commonly used to study carbon-flow pathwa  xy model that is commonly used to study carbon-flow pathways in freshwater and marine environme
10701	7	at present it is unclear whether carbon-flow pathways to ch4 in freshwater and marine sy  versity of methanogens selected by each habitat. moreover, the commonly held view that acetate   nd 13c-labelling of archaeal lipids, to ecosystem function. carbon-flow pathways to ch4 in fres  archaeal lipids, to ecosystem function. carbon-flow pathways to ch4 in freshwater, marine and e  be investigated by incubation of intact sediment cores injected with 14c-labelled substrates an   the validity of a stable isotope proxy model that is commonly used to study carbon-flow pathwa  xy model that is commonly used to study carbon-flow pathways in freshwater and marine environme
15252	5	val amphibians at the interspecific and community levels and their latitudinal variation. we in   at higher risk of extinction to global warming since their environmental temperatures are clos  ng a latitudinal gradient from tropical climate plasticity in metamorphic traits to pond drying  pical climate plasticity in metamorphic traits to pond drying under thermal stress. this inform  hic traits to pond drying under thermal stress. this information will allow to examine how clos
6834	2	lamiaceae. their absence, presence and distribution will be studied on species, genera level.   constituents of some species during the vegetation period . the data, obtained could well be us
15499	15	est the broad idea that, along with the evolution of the well-known domestication syndrome, lif   the well-known domestication syndrome, life history theory and plant physiological ecology wou  ical ecology would predict the parallel evolution of another whole suite of characters, made of  ther whole suite of characters, made of traits dragged either by correlative developmental cons  ion under cultivation. this may include traits linked to water and nutrient use efficiency, to   traits linked to water and nutrient use efficiency, to interactions with other organisms, or to  nisms, or to after-life effects on soil function through microbial use of leaf litter and dead    soil function through microbial use of leaf litter and dead roots. we have some scattered and   inages, and across multiple interacting traits. here, we will use comparative ecology to identi  nsequences over biotic interactions and ecosystem properties. in this specific project, we want  tes to modern domesticates, in terms of evolution of ecological strategies 2 has domestication   ngi and n-fixing bacteria and 3 did the evolution of novel plant strategies under domestication  der domestication had consequences over ecosystem nutrient cycling dynamics specifically, do cr  ots, and trigger faster litter and root decomposition rates than their wild ancestors we will r  decomposability assays, and will screen traits in a set of 30 pairs of sister species of ancest
15403	7	side of basic research in the field of herbivory under conditions of insularity and an applied  n some mediterranean islands quaternary vegetation evolved with herbivorous mammals that had a   major regulatory role. thus the current vegetation could absorb the impact of the introduction   this breed and increasing the impact on vegetation. in particular it is intended, by the microh  ermine the availability of food, animal density and habitat use of the last. finally we expecte  vailability of food, animal density and habitat use of the last. finally we expected to calcula  d domestic goat thus detecting possible competition between them. the information obtained will
10195	2	resolution, revealing both the general nature and specific instances of chromosomal rearrangem  , biomedicine, and to the mechanisms of evolution and speciation.
13709	1	investigate the mechanisms and rates of evolution in wolbachia. the four strains that will be u
10525	8	al part of the processes in the natural environment, and also potential very useful sources of   tant part of animal life. our digestive function is changed by probiotics, indicating bacteria   a are of vital importance in making the nutrients in grass usable by the animal. more widely, m  ia are responsible for the synthesis of nutrients not available in the diet. b helpful to the i  rcumstances-for instance, they increase resistance to pathogens and parasites. c parasitic, man  portant for our understanding of insect function in the natural environment-but these questions  nding of insect function in the natural environment-but these questions are not well resolved.   kely to be important in parasitism/host function . the genome sequence of a. triatominarum will
15233	6	lic capabilities. as a consequence, its distribution is almost universal, occupying many ecolog  s, oxidation of inorganic compounds and resistance to toxic metals aerobically, and anaerobical  eir potential to acquire genes from the environment; this might explain, at least in part, the   g of the acquisition mechanisms and the function of new metabolic routes, as well as their inte  es, as well as their integration in the metabolism of the receptor. a comparative genomic analy  l greatly increase our knowledge on the evolution of the species, and on the adaptation of the
14220	12	identifying the determinants of species abundance is a fundamental challenge in ecology with fa  differences have been noted in temporal abundance patterns of insects between temperate and tro  insect populations, and identified some species traits that affect population dynamics, this is  ntified some species traits that affect population dynamics, this issue is still very open in t   with studies of spatial congruence and life history, and take a phylogenetic comparative persp  enetic comparative perspective. using a community of tropical butterflies as the model system,   ommunity of tropical butterflies as the model system, we will test major hypotheses on what fac  determining population changes, and how life history traits determine emergent properties of tr  opulation changes, and how life history traits determine emergent properties of tropical insect  d significantly to our understanding of life history evolution and community structure in tropi  ly to our understanding of life history evolution and community structure in tropical forests a  rstanding of life history evolution and community structure in tropical forests and provide the
14131	3	enomena that have generated the current distribution of biodiversity. this approach, called com  ult from the interactions of species in ecosystems. until now, very few studies have been publi  nd reveal refuge areas and post-glacial migration patterns, we have chosen for comparison mamma
14813	4	es that share their circunmediterranean distribution by means of chloroplastic microsatellites   ir use in restoring ornamental and wood ecosystems, these being: arbutus unedo l., celtis austr  h species spread out over their area of distribution will be studied. the chosen markers are cp  edity, suitable to learn the geographic distribution of their genetic variability, and they als
6913	5	growth analysis and ecophysiological research are aimed  teractions between the various factors. growth analysis is an ideal method for studying the ind   correlations between the yield and the growth of maize plants, between the yield and photosynt  art in the ecophysiological studies and growth analysis. three junior scientists will be workin  the framework of the project. a book on growth analysis and yield formation and papers in scien
10008	7	ises our general understanding of venom evolution in the animal kingdom. this study aims to rem  sor molecules are the templates for the production of toxin proteins. by comparing the profiles  ess important questions relating to the evolution of venoms and venomous organisms. the most ba  tein, and this can change the protein s function to be more effective as a toxin. preliminary w  nfer whether particular episodes in the evolution of centipedes are associated with bouts of to  edes are associated with bouts of toxin evolution as well. we can also infer, by incorporating   nderstanding of the pattern of toxin in evolution across all animals. we can use the new data a
15137	4	n perfumes and crafts, and in restoring ecosystems. the selected species are: chamaerops humili  ch species, spread out over their whole distribution area, would be studied. the chosen markers  rs are suitable to learn the geographic distribution of genetic variability and, usually, prese  le responses of each species studied to climate change.
10792	2	ome of the extent to which open oceanic sedimentation encroaches onto the continental blocks du  -level stands. we will also compare the nature of the deep-sea sedimentary rock and fossil reco
11569	2	ome of the extent to which open oceanic sedimentation encroaches onto the continental blocks du  -level stands. we will also compare the nature of the deep-sea sedimentary rock and fossil reco
7662	14	ts strongly anthropised. processing and habitat loss are probably the major cause of loss of bi  ts strongly anthropised. processing and habitat loss are probably the major cause of loss of bi  at threatens the maintenance of aquatic ecosystems but also human health. the effects of multi-  l not well known on continental aquatic ecosystems. goals this project is part of the biologica  t of the biological responses component model organisms, it aims to develop a relevant tool mea  f genotoxicity exerted during embryonic development or germ cells. genotoxicity ecological rele  s: bioavailability of substances in the environment, the level of biological evolution of the o  he environment, the level of biological evolution of the organization and repair of DNA. repair  . repair of DNA strongly influences the stability of the lesions and therefore the genotoxic re  er than the genotoxicity of the aquatic environment. This strengthens the hypothesis that the e  to maintaining populations in anthropic environment. to interpret the link between genotoxicity  y organizations and genotoxicity of the environment, we must determine what are the repair capa  low-dose chemical substance in an urban environment in a fresh water body model, the zebra muss  urban environment in a fresh water body model, the zebra mussel. the zebra mussel is an invasiv
2478	21	marine ecosystems the world over are experiencing increasing n  substantial change to the structure and function of these ecosystems. society has recognized th   to the structure and function of these ecosystems. society has recognized that living marine r  sources require management in a broader ecosystem context. this proposal follows on from the su  inanced by the rcn. it conducted marine ecosystem comparisons based primarily on observational   tive studies by using several different ecosystem models and expand the geographic coverage to   ff norway. we will apply four different modeling approaches and compare the structure and funct  re the structure and functioning of the ecosystems in this manner. these approaches include eco  pproaches include ecopath, multispecies production models, biophysical models and the atlantis   dels and the atlantis end-to-end system model. for the two former models there will be very lit  e developments needed, but the atlantis model has not been set up for norwegian waters, and dev  gian waters, and developing an atlantis model for the barents sea will be a major part of the p  ea will be a major part of the project. ecosystem indicators are measures metrics that provide    a major part of the project. ecosystem indicators are measures metrics that provide informatio  racteristics of the system. we will use indicators 1 for comparing models and ecosystems, 2 in   e indicators 1 for comparing models and ecosystems, 2 in assessment of ecosystem status, and 3   dels and ecosystems, 2 in assessment of ecosystem status, and 3 as a means to monitor model per  tem status, and 3 as a means to monitor model performance against observations. indicators will  model performance against observations. indicators will therefore be the key metric for compari  e the key metric for comparison between ecosystems as well as a link between the models and eco  s well as a link between the models and ecosystem management, and thus a core element of the pr
10091	2	understanding the structure and function of microbial communities is the fundamental pr  ctivity of microbial communities in the environment is extremely difficult. this proposal seeks
12617	17	the extent of feedback between climate change and the terrestrial carbon cycle is one   ween climate change and the terrestrial carbon cycle is one of the main uncertainties in predic   uncertainties in predictions of future climate change. soil carbon dynamics are a key element   n predictions of future climate change. soil carbon dynamics are a key element of this because   ontain two or three times the amount of carbon as in vegetation or the atmosphere. in 2005 cran   three times the amount of carbon as in vegetation or the atmosphere. in 2005 cranfield publish  ory of england and wales for changes in soil carbon during the 1980s and 90s. this showed gains  the 1980s and 90s. this showed gains in carbon in some soils, but large losses in others and ov  across all types of land use, a link to climate change was suggested. subsequent studies have s  uggested. subsequent studies have shown climate change probably was in part responsible, but th  tever the reasons, such a large loss of carbon from soils has serious implications for the glob  has serious implications for the global carbon cycle, for the possibility of sequestering carbo  le, for the possibility of sequestering carbon in soils, and for the ability of soils to perfor  and these fail to detect the changes in soil carbon observed in the nsi. the reaons for the dif  tain about 2 thousand million tonnes of carbon, detecting a change of even 4 million tonnes is   his project will provide an independent evaluation of the findings of the two surveys by a stat  eld and ceh. given that our datasets on soil carbon in england and wales are among the most com
14202	1	n and livestock zoonoses as well as for evaluation of the significance of each borrelia species
14656	3	one of the principal expressions of the global change that affects the planet is the increase i  ite and ammonium. nevertheless, certain salinity can increase the penetration of ruv-b in water  ose to test the effect of low levels of salinity on the combined effect of uv-b and nitrogenous
2004	4	we use new insights in possible chaotic behavior of multi-taxa systems. parallel to this, we wi  l analyze the same diversity changes as function of the principal parameters of global change f  function of the principal parameters of global change from climate-sensitive cores at 2550 m ab  ncipal parameters of global change from climate-sensitive cores at 2550 m above sea level in th
14426	5	aim: investigation and ecological evaluation of hydro-ecosystem status of dam lakes, used  tion and ecological evaluation of hydro-ecosystem status of dam lakes, used for net cage aquacu  akes, used for net cage aquaculture and development of a methodology for determination of the m  of problems and negative effects on the environment, caused mainly by the released fish faeces   od and the type of the used feed, water temperature etc.
7720	2	in the humid tropics have enabled the development of high human densities in sometimes ungrat  ive approach is implemented through the participation of researchers from different disciplines
12685	1	th the environmental protection , and a review of other applicable methods. the results of the
11302	9	s. firstly, orangutans are an important model for the locomotor ecology of arboreal animals and  on of the miocene fossil record and the evolution of locomotor diversity in the living apes. fi  ed light on the formative stages of the evolution of our own bipedality. the suggestion that bi  ostures might enable either transfer of energy between joints; or the transfer of energy from t  ergy between joints; or the transfer of energy from the flexible branches to the orangutan, in    the same way as human athletes recover energy when running on springy running tracks. to study  mplete picture of internal and external energy storage and transfer during arboreal bipedality.  lso complement these data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and bet  se data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and between joints in sit
11309	9	s. firstly, orangutans are an important model for the locomotor ecology of arboreal animals and  on of the miocene fossil record and the evolution of locomotor diversity in the living apes. fi  ed light on the formative stages of the evolution of our own bipedality. the suggestion that bi  ostures might enable either transfer of energy between joints; or the transfer of energy from t  ergy between joints; or the transfer of energy from the flexible branches to the orangutan, in    the same way as human athletes recover energy when running on springy running tracks. to study  mplete picture of internal and external energy storage and transfer during arboreal bipedality.  lso complement these data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and bet  se data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and between joints in sit
11831	9	s. firstly, orangutans are an important model for the locomotor ecology of arboreal animals and  on of the miocene fossil record and the evolution of locomotor diversity in the living apes. fi  ed light on the formative stages of the evolution of our own bipedality. the suggestion that bi  ostures might enable either transfer of energy between joints; or the transfer of energy from t  ergy between joints; or the transfer of energy from the flexible branches to the orangutan, in    the same way as human athletes recover energy when running on springy running tracks. to study  mplete picture of internal and external energy storage and transfer during arboreal bipedality.  lso complement these data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and bet  se data with computer modeling to mimic energy transfer from branches and between joints in sit
10181	7	this study will focus on a model species for behavioural and ecological research,   rs. are these differences caused by the environment, including their experience in the egg, or   g of how organisms are adapted to their environment and the extent to which this adaptation is   w organisms have evolved to exploit the environment, this knowledge is vital to our understandi  sms will cope with our rapidly changing environment - either due to climate change or habitat l  ly changing environment - either due to climate change or habitat loss.   nment - either due to climate change or habitat loss.
11764	3	te triassic period were involved in the evolution of quadrupedality and also to test the stabil   of quadrupedality and also to test the stability of walking/running at different speeds with d  eeds with different gaits. finally, the evolution of these systems will be investigated by comb
11653	3	ic hypotheses concerning the origin and evolution of birds. hitherto, unstudiable morphology of  to test phylogenies and the sequence of development of the avian ear. data sets for significant  dern birds. in addition to the discrete nature of the project, it will make available new and i
10563	6	resolved in some way for the society to function. the most fundamental conflict concerns the di   most fundamental conflict concerns the distribution of reproduction. animal societies vary eno   reproductive skew , which measures the evenness with which reproduction is distributed among g  the first experiment of this kind large-scale on a free-living population of banded mongooses t  hich individuals exert control over the distribution of reproduction, and provide information o  n of causality between variation in the distribution of reproduction and variation in individua
11690	6	resolved in some way for the society to function. the most fundamental conflict concerns the di   most fundamental conflict concerns the distribution of reproduction. animal societies vary eno   reproductive skew , which measures the evenness with which reproduction is distributed among g  the first experiment of this kind large-scale on a free-living population of banded mongooses t  hich individuals exert control over the distribution of reproduction, and provide information o  n of causality between variation in the distribution of reproduction and variation in individua
11435	5	s the leading theory for explaining the evolution of social behaviour in organisms. the theory   ntal basis, and the need to explain the complexity of animal sociality, investigating kin selec  her reproductive drifters are losers in dominance battles with resident workers. we will also m  ill be broad because of the fundamental nature of the research, widespread interest in social e  research, widespread interest in social evolution, and the possibility that the results will ca
7490	15	elivering food, fibre and bio-fuels and carbon storage. however, the demand is greater than the  r than the amount of soil available, as production of bio-fuels competes with areas for food pr   bio-fuels competes with areas for food production and nature. moreover, intensified land use r  etes with areas for food production and nature. moreover, intensified land use reduces soil bio  ces soil biodiversity and the resulting ecosystem services. soilservice will value soil biodive  soil biodiversity through the impact on ecosystem services and propose how these values can be    biodiversity surveys to construct soil food web models and determine effects of changing soil   ffects of changing soil biodiversity on stability and resilience of carbon, nitrogen and phosph  iversity on stability and resilience of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, as well as ass   on stability and resilience of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, as well as assess cons   and resilience of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, as well as assess consequences for   aluing soil biodiversity in relation to ecosystem services. objectives: develop methods to valu  jectives: develop methods to value soil ecosystem services during different pressure of land us  changes in soil biodiversity. field and modelling studies will determine to what spatial and te  poral scales soil biodiversity and soil ecosystem services are vulnerable to disturbance.
15240	2	altruism and cooperation are evident traits of social insects. less obvious are the numerous  een, the workers and the larvae for the production of new queens. in effect, young larvae are g
13337	4	o the two other components, species and ecosystems. the congress consortium aims to rectify thi  ps 1 – 5 which will provide a one-stop, community-enabled web portal, including the following c  er advisory group, who will oversee the development of these tools and ensure their utility for   tools and ensure their utility for the community who will benefit from them.
15241	2	coastal waters has experienced a great development in recent years. however, these advances do  units grazing causes impact on seagrass ecosystems, inducing changes in their dynamics and/or h
10279	8	anisms have a planktonic phase in their life history and spend the first days or weeks of their  ological processes including the global distribution of species, the creation of new species, a  usually taken to infer levels of larval connectivity. the first uses detailed oceanographic mod  xamine the genetic structure and larval connectivity of the massive coral montastraea annularis  s natural history is relatively easy to model which lends itself to modelling larval dispersal.  ely easy to model which lends itself to modelling larval dispersal. therefore, we are able to p  gene flow to predicted levels of larval connectivity. insight from this project will also suppo  ill also support on-going activities to model the metapopulation dynamics of this important cor
7433	1	ty. assistance requested focuses on the recruitment of a doctoral student, on charges of experi
7155	5	intensified human pressures on natural ecosystems: expansion of urbanization and transport inf  anization and transport infrastructure, development of industrial zones and increase of agricul  ones and increase of agricultural land. habitat loss and fragmentation resulting from this land  logy was first allowed to calibrate the model during its development phase, and then to test it  lowed to calibrate the model during its development phase, and then to test its validity
7161	2	sive cereal plain is a highly anthropic environment, where biodiversity is declining. many heri  . many heritage species to optimize the abundance of food resources, and therefore the heritage
10267	15	e host has evolved genes which code for resistance mechanisms to reduce, or even eliminate, the  mple, be resistant to a parasite at one temperature but susceptible at another. in other words   eptible at another. in other words some resistance genes are only functional in particular envi  cularly relevant in the face of current environmental change where organisms in some areas are   ge in environmental conditions, such as temperature and co2 levels. natural populations of orga  dual variation in the genes controlling traits such as growth and flowering time. such genetic   in the genes controlling traits such as growth and flowering time. such genetic variation is cr  result of environmental factors such as temperature we know that some genes may only be functio  ronments. if specific genes involved in resistance are, for example, consistently less able to    for example, consistently less able to function at high temperatures, then it will mean a func  ional decrease in genetic variation for resistance at these higher temperatures, and hence a hi  ut to map out the impact of such genome-environment interactions. it will do this by measuring   measuring genetic variation in parasite resistance in different populations of the plant arabid   infection. it aims to understand how a temperature increase will change the ability of host po  s to develop strategies for secure food production in future climates.
468	6	o a population, with or without feeding stress. main results are that the reproductive effort p  differ between populations, but feeding stress had no effect. lastly, a spatially distributed m  spatially distributed matrix population model integrating passive larva dispersal and active ju  rvival and fecundity was developed. the model was calibrated to fit fragment-level metapopulati  an now be linked to secondary models of stress impact to simulate population level responses to   simulate population level responses to global change.
445	2	ve cereal fields are highly transformed ecosystems where biodiversity is being lost. many patri  any patrimonial species to optimize the abundance of food resources and therefore of patrimonia
10185	2	ioural, morphological and physiological traits are shaped by natural and sexual selection. sexu  t genetic diversity. using experimental evolution in the fruitfly, drosophila pseudoobscura, we
13879	8	es have been attributed to agricultural intensification. to be able to propose adequate conserv  and the mechanisms whereby agricultural intensification affects bee populations. through its ef  ects on farming practices and landscape heterogeneity, agricultural intensification may contrib  d landscape heterogeneity, agricultural intensification may contribute to the decrease in polli   utilize resources. therefore landscape complexity may affect bee diversity in a predictable wa  whereby farming practices and landscape complexity affects species richness and population dens  nd landscape complexity affects species richness and population densities will be investigated.  ine bee foraging success and population growth. the results will be used to propose measures to
15000	6	ies genetically diverse may have higher growth rates and lower extinction risks. however, there   to the loss of genetic variability. in nature there are different types of selection, such as   dy in which extent those changes in the environment and the populations affect genetic variabil   cycles, population characteristics and distribution patterns, our aim is to work on those intr  apability of the organisms, the spatial distribution of the subpopulations, the ecological nich  portance for understanding properly the evolution, viability of the populations as well as the
14947	5	ies of individuals may also change as a function of individual, populational and environmental   between males and females, such as body growth patterns and morphology, including teeth, tooth   ction as denoted by age-relative antler development, tooth wear, and other physiological traits  nt, tooth wear, and other physiological traits such as the nature and amount of glandular secre   other physiological traits such as the nature and amount of glandular secretions likely relate
14752	3	t in the rbbm, and to evaluate, through distribution analysis of species and their degrees of t  techniques, the isolation level and the distribution boundaries of the species and/or populatio  t in the study area. we propose, like a model, to focus the study in the species of the genus x
7220	3	no, the location of fish shoals are all ecosystem services provided by seabird colonies. most r  to identify the conservation status and ecosystem services provided by marine birds in three co  costs and benefits, economic and social ecosystem services rendered by seabirds. we have indeed
13751	9	the distribution and abundance of animals among habitats an                     the distribution and abundance of animals among habitats and their relative   mance in those habitats are crucial for population dynamics and the understanding of how animal  animals vary in space and time. linking habitat selection and demography is thus important not   ology but also for the understanding of population dynamics and how animals vary in space and t  space and time. proper understanding of habitat selection is increasingly important today when   portant today when human activities and environmental change may result in habitat selection be   and environmental change may result in habitat selection becoming decoupled from habitat suita  bitat selection becoming decoupled from habitat suitability will be very valuable for proper ma
14897	1	imited possibilities of survival and of development of its evolutionary potential, although eac
2159	5	y binding private-public partnership in nature conservation and management. our hypotheses are:   are: 1 conflicts around designation of nature conservation areas are seldom founded on disagre   the potential to moderate conflicts in nature conservation, and thereby increase the conservat  , and thereby increase the conservation efficiency and help reducing loss of biodiversity and c  maintenance of the actual resources. in nature conservation there is a need for closer interdis
7471	4	o the two other components, species and ecosystems. the congress consortium aims to rectify thi   wps 1 5 which will provide a one-stop, community-enabled web portal, including the following c  er advisory group, who will oversee the development of these tools and ensure their utility for   tools and ensure their utility for the community who will benefit from them
6942	7	diversity, intraspecific phylogeny and distribution history of three freshwater mollusc specie   the different patterns of their recent distribution reflect probably to their different biogeo  refore, the three species are usable as model species of the different distribution types. the   sable as model species of the different distribution types. the main basic research questions a  intraspecific lineages and what kind of distribution pattern do they show - what are the system  ecular phylogenetics contributes to the growth of the research community. considering that two   ntributes to the growth of the research community. considering that two of the species are of h
9916	1	subadult foraging ground, developmental habitat and west and central african fishery harvests.
14829	3	tic tags. finally, we will contrast the population dynamics inferred from the genetic patterns   inferred from the historical changes in habitat availability and distribution.   cal changes in habitat availability and distribution.
13414	1	ith the scope of main project entitled ‘community based conservation of domestic animal genetic
14515	4	kly islet , by using these birds as bio-indicators of the organochlorine and trace metal levels  us, instead of as a constraint to local development, promotes the perception of conservation as  e quality of both, their life and their environment. the use of biomarkers, like stable isotope  nvironment. the use of biomarkers, like stable isotopes, and pollutants combined with data on d
13416	1	tu conditions with the project entitled community based conservation of domestic animal genetic
15431	3	e usefulness of ring recoveries to make distribution models of several bird species in winterin  anges are also useful to predict winter distribution to explore the geographical shifts of wint  ictions in order to identify the future distribution of the most suitable sectors
12174	3	this research projects seeks to review current knowledge of the impacts of widely pract  edge of the impacts of widely practised vegetation management on the historic upland environmen  ation management on the historic upland environment and to identify evidence based examples of
14760	1	project is the improvement of the maerl community knowledge in the atlantic iberian peninsula .
6959	12	ffects of the human land use results in habitat destruction and seriously endanger the stabilit   destruction and seriously endanger the stability of populations. certain species of conservati  covered different types of responses to environmental change, but very little is known about th  ies diversity has been shown to enhance ecosystem resistance to disturbances, such as climate c  ity has been shown to enhance ecosystem resistance to disturbances, such as climate change, and  tem resistance to disturbances, such as climate change, and, in certain biotopes, it has been s  species. the aim of this project is the evaluation of ecological, morphological and genetic div  luenced landscape in the characteristic habitat complexes of the pannonian ecoregion. genetic d  ecological and genetic diversity due to intensification of land use and climate change in terre   due to intensification of land use and climate change in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems wi  imate change in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems will be possible. these results can provide   e. these results can provide support to nature conservation to better focus financial and human
7711	6	, the pac is on the hot seat. intensive production models, which has specialized and simplified  ntation of the operating systems to the production of public goods that meet societal expectati  est forms of support to be given to the production of public goods by agriculture. the objectiv   of this project lies in the successive evaluation of the production of public goods in differe  ies in the successive evaluation of the production of public goods in different public policy f  lture would be promoted to maximize the production of public goods as interpreted a given refer
14654	1	s host will take place in their natural habitat, and those with the pin-tailed whydah and the e
14487	2	ic relations, like brood parasitism and predation, we find conspicuous visual designs, sometime   of the present project to find out the function of these visual designs in several species of
2526	12	the symbioses project initiates development of an integrated modeling framework for eco   initiates development of an integrated modeling framework for ecosystem based assessments with  of an integrated modeling framework for ecosystem based assessments with application to the lof  nts sea region. the proposed integrated modeling system combines 6 existing component models in  single integrated framework to simulate ecosystem interactions together with the uptake, bio-tr  of petroleum hydrocarbons in the marine ecosystem. this allows for the simultaneous analysis of  oleum industry activities on the marine ecosystem with the potential to include other perturbat   consortium of field, experimental, and modeling experts in ecology, ecotoxicology, and risk as  ss: 1. construction; 2. testing; and 3. optimization. the completion of all steps will realize    steps will realize a fully functioning ecosystem simulation and analysis tool to soundly asses  ing financial support from one end-user community, initiates the first step of this three step   system, we will establish an integrated modeling framework at the university of tromsø supercom
7103	7	th for research and for action - in the development and evaluation of environmental public acti  and for action - in the development and evaluation of environmental public action in particular  tivities. we propose an analysis of the development available to the management of wolf populat  of biodiversity conservation issues and development of agriculture. the scientific challenge is  rehensive presentation of the political development of wolf populations in france. such analysi   the possibilities of interaction for a production"integrated"knowledge and better efficiency t  duction"integrated"knowledge and better efficiency thereof for managing
12294	1	o specification provided by defra. 1 to review nfu/clas proposed work on management description
10436	8	eproduction. food resources provide the energy, and refuge resources the opportunity, to surviv  oit limiting resources. this process of competition combines with extrinsic processes such as p  mbines with extrinsic processes such as predation and disease to determine the match between pa   the match between patterns of consumer abundance and patterns of resource-rich habitat. the pr  abundance and patterns of resource-rich habitat. the proposed study will experimentally deplete  experimentally deplete and redistribute habitat for populations of consumers. habitat loss is o  e habitat for populations of consumers. habitat loss is one of the principal causes of species   imental refuge sites, and watering with nutrients will increase the available food in test area
2014	8	question in ecology. seed dispersal and density-dependent mortality are central processes in th  y. seed dispersal and density-dependent mortality are central processes in the major current th  e diversity. however, theorists usually model dispersal using smooth, leptokurtic functions. th   only is seed survival dependent on the density of conspecific seeds, survival may also be affe  red natural enemies , context-dependent seed predation, and seedling establishment. finally, i   seedling establishment. finally, i will model dispersal and predation to explore how contagious  nt. finally, i will model dispersal and predation to explore how contagiousness and apparent co  explore how contagiousness and apparent competition affect species diversity.
12348	3	key customer purpose to assist in the development of a uk strategy for the management of cont  al. summary objectives to establish the scale of the problem of contaminated sediments in uk ha  ce within the principles of sustainable development. – guidance and assessment to validate the
12611	4	tion will enable the identification and evaluation of the drivers for technology selection and   reas for potential further research and development, which may also attract investment, both of  aminated land contractor and consultant community through the planned questionnaires, it will b  the whole contaminated land stakeholder community.
11027	4	tural experiment in which anthropogenic environmental change is forcing biotic response on a gl   is forcing biotic response on a global scale. short term ecological data have only been accumu  aribbean-wide decline of extensive reef ecosystems during the early miocene, however the precis  l help guide further study of the local-scale details of the event with the overall aim of deve
11070	3	oil co2 efflux is driven by autotrophic respiration; i.e. the flux of carbon occurring directly  totrophic respiration; i.e. the flux of carbon occurring directly from plant roots and indirect  fungi to soil co2 efflux in response to climate manipulation.
12248	4	and compliment two previous projects; a review of research papers, reports and other publicatio  y specific text. this will indicate the nature of the conflict and examine the potential to ove  ting ees objectives. this might include development, or establishment, of benchmarks against wh  ain, in part, an update of the report a review of research papers, reports and other publicatio
10404	19	t biodiversity affects the way in which ecosystems perform, such as the rate at which carbon is  tems perform, such as the rate at which carbon is recycled or stored. but biodiversity has many  onents, and we have recently shown that community composition , rather than the number of speci  s the key factor in regulating rates of carbon turnover. however, a largely ignored component o  own that the number of individuals in a community has significant impacts on plant productivity  munity has significant impacts on plant productivity by affecting competitive abilities of spec  s have also demonstrated that key plant traits related to carbon cycling are highly variable wi  trated that key plant traits related to carbon cycling are highly variable within species. thes  s potentially important consequences on carbon turnover. this project therefore seeks to discov  h plant intraspecific diversity affects carbon turnover in species-rich limestone grassland. mo  s to mimic the variation that occurs in nature. we will measure the carbon content of soil in a  t occurs in nature. we will measure the carbon content of soil in a number of important physica  rtant physical fractions and release of carbon as co2 from the soil surface. in addition, we wi   - a natural and easily distinguishable carbon isotope - to enable us to quantify the amount of   to enable us to quantify the amount of carbon that plants allocate to soils. this will enable   ng of how genotypic diversity regulates carbon turnover. the data will be analysed alongside th  alongside the comprehensive datasets on productivity of individuals already obtained in past pr  f intraspecific diversity in regulating carbon turnover. the work will further our understandin   of biodiversity that are important for carbon turnover, and the soil factors that may regulate
7534	1	ct aims to test the hypothesis of a co- evolution between a virus transmitted vegetatively and
7381	1	the genetic diversity of maize and its evolution will be evaluated through the ssap markers on
12729	4	nce-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services note: as a contribution, there is no  defra report. the funding supported the production of analysis and information prior to the wor  rts are available on the united nations environment programme website: http://ipbes.net/previou  nce-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services unep/ipbes/3/3
12714	3	be managed for defra by the sustainable development programme officer based in the embassy in b  grating conservation in the sustainable development agenda. this project will enable the brazil  ies involved in this project will be to review existing national and international approaches a
12711	2	commission initiated ‘the economics of ecosystems and biodiversity. teeb runs to 2010 will est  runs to 2010 will estimate the value of ecosystem services and produce outputs in autumn 2009 a
12713	1	nce-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services
14639	1	e rejection of the helminths and/or the evolution to the chronicity observed in some cases. to
12746	1	on to the achievement of the millennium development goals.
15224	6	-depth analysis of the wealth of fauna, phenology and bioecology, family culicidae, in order to  es provided by these tools, to help the development of the project on issues such as the distin  mal pathogens. the ultimate goal is the development of an epidemiological map of the study area  al map of the study area, including the distribution of harvested species, the evolution of wea   distribution of harvested species, the evolution of weather data recorded and the data availab  enerate a bio-ecological and functional classification of the species caught in order to establ
15483	6	humans challenges our understanding of evolution through natural selection and it is a much de  igate whether cooperation prevails over competition in several aspects of social life in the cr  ion, we will investigate whether social facilitation can help individuals to overcome neophobia   this species, will help to explain the stability of cooperatively breeding groups, and will sh  ding groups, and will shed light on the function of each member in different contexts of group    with almost no exchange, hindering the development of a comprehensive theory of cooperation.
11144	4	the evolution of cooperative behaviour is a fundamental and   such as fish stocks or failure to curb carbon emissions are obvious examples. an extensive the  t has a supportive and thermoregulatory function; and individual nest chambers embedded beneath  mine whether this effort is costly. the function of the public goods will also be quantified by
10315	20	southern ocean has a unique and iconic ecosystem. it includes vast reserves of krill which cou  lsewhere. it helps stabilise the global climate by absorbing greenhouse gases and it supplies s  e gases and it supplies some of the key nutrients which sustain life in other oceans. these fun   the crucial role of the southern ocean ecosystem in the workings of the earth as a whole. ther  e is strong evidence that risk posed by climate change is more severe and imminent for the sout  ere and imminent for the southern ocean ecosystem than almost any other marine ecosystem. this    ecosystem than almost any other marine ecosystem. this threatens the ecosystem s ability to de  er marine ecosystem. this threatens the ecosystem s ability to deliver the benefits described a  above. assessment of the southern ocean ecosystem s likely responses to change is required to s  g together scientists with expertise on ecosystems, climate and biogeochemistry , the global pr  cientists with expertise on ecosystems, climate and biogeochemistry , the global programme whic  t will assess the state of knowledge on environmental change and biological responses, and prod  ojections of the biological response to climate change. the second workshop, for which we are r  efforts to predict how the structure of food webs responds to change and produce projections of  o change and produce projections of how food webs might change in future. these workshops shoul   help to ensure that the southern ocean ecosystem s response to change is given due considerati  ment. we are at a critical point in the development of iced, where we need to maintain momentum  challenge of integrating southern ocean ecosystem, climate and biogeochemical research. this wi  f integrating southern ocean ecosystem, climate and biogeochemical research. this will ensure p  ted, understanding of the structure and function of the southern ocean, its response to change
7453	3	el strategies employed for survival and growth. such studies are essential in understanding how  early identifiable, dynamic and durable community. establishing this community will encourage g  nd durable community. establishing this community will encourage greater inter-disciplinarity a
10978	3	dominant grazers of many phytoplankton mortality to determining sex ratios will be developed.   ons of the relative control of food and predators. an optimal life-history model will be develo   and predators. an optimal life-history model will be developed in order for us to examine diff
11429	3	dominant grazers of many phytoplankton mortality to determining sex ratios will be developed.   ons of the relative control of food and predators. an optimal life-history model will be develo   and predators. an optimal life-history model will be developed in order for us to examine diff
7515	1	ations of their hosts. . 1 what are the colonization routes groupers in the mediterranean basin
13821	9	nvestigates how the social and physical environment influences behavioural performance in a com  es behavioural performance in a complex environment. animals process information about several   sume more food, and respond faster to a predator attack than unfamiliar individuals. these resu  ces the ability to find prey and detect predators, predicting that the advantage of familiarity  e of familiarity will increase with the complexity of the foraging task. part 2: since aggressi  uccessful in finding prey and detecting predators than less aggressive individuals. part 3: as   e individuals. part 3: as environmental complexity stimulate neural growth in mammals, we predi  vironmental complexity stimulate neural growth in mammals, we predict that fish reared in simpl  simple habitats will show reduced brain development, lower capacity to perform complex foraging
11587	7	cognise that we need to manage using an ecosystem based approach while at the same time maintai  dustry in management decisions. such an ecosystem approach requires a more mechanistic understa   understanding of the role the physical environment plays whilst also taking into account multi  hilst also taking into account multiple species interactions. it is also clear, as more demand   hysical mechanisms that may lead to the facilitation of predator-prey interactions. this resear  ms that may lead to the facilitation of predator-prey interactions. this research will greatly   derstanding needed for implementing the ecosystem approach to sustainable fisheries management.
11564	1	obal human activities into biodiversity-ecosystem functioning in marine sediments.
2483	2	plex marine habitats on earth. no other environment is host to so many fish species, with such   ld chromis neoglyphidodon nigroris as a model species. comparative work will be based on data c
10653	1	gical forms that each mimic a different model. from breeding studies it is well known that a si
11274	1	general biological implications of ear function have been investigated thoroughly. the soft ti
10073	4	finite lifespans in fact, reproduction, growth, repair and longevity are often negatively assoc  tion in genetic knowledge available for model organisms such as the fruitfly makes this an idea  y college london. it will involve large-scale tests of the effect on longevity of blocking vari  results on a national and international scale. the outputs will be high quality, basic research
10635	21	the environment that an individual experiences during growt  t that an individual experiences during growth and development has profound implications for th  ndividual experiences during growth and development has profound implications for the future he  lose relations often provide the social environment in which growth and development takes place  provide the social environment in which growth and development takes place. however, because pa   social environment in which growth and development takes place. however, because parental care  important effects for the diversity and evolution of life-history traits and behaviours such as  diversity and evolution of life-history traits and behaviours such as growth rates, clutch size  e-history traits and behaviours such as growth rates, clutch size, sexual attractiveness and be  he availability of key resources in the environment. however, although the importance of within  portance of within-family conflicts for growth, development and fitness is increasingly being r   of within-family conflicts for growth, development and fitness is increasingly being recognise  igher within-family conflict had faster growth compared to siblings reared under lower levels o  indicating a substantial costs of rapid growth and of family conflict. these costs are most pro  ly a consequence of increased oxidative stress, which occurs when high levels of free radicals,  ween self-maintenance and investment in growth and reproduction, and hence fitness. this projec   effects of sexual conflict and sibling competition on growth and fitness of offspring, examine  ual conflict and sibling competition on growth and fitness of offspring, examine the cost basis  of offspring, examine the cost basis of growth through the measurement of oxidative stress and   th through the measurement of oxidative stress and manipulation of dietary antioxidant availabi   zebra finches taeniopygia guttata as a model species.
10229	11	the environment experienced during early life can have prof  lations consequently provide the social environment in which growth and development takes place  provide the social environment in which growth and development takes place. however, parental c   social environment in which growth and development takes place. however, parental care is cost  , such as food, which are necessary for growth and development of young. this creates the condi  ood, which are necessary for growth and development of young. this creates the conditions for c  on the availability of resources in the environment. in many birds resource availability during  ents may not have full control over the distribution of food among offspring. however, parents   n simultaneously track resources in the environment and increase control over within-brood food  ainty by marginal chicks, such that the development and fitness of core chicks is largely indep  ng asynchrony should conditions improve environment through compensatory resource allocation th
178	17	eas: 1. questions linked with oxidative stress and immune function and 2. questions linked with  linked with oxidative stress and immune function and 2. questions linked with copulation costs   linked with copulation costs and immune function. the main questions linked with oxidative stre  he main questions linked with oxidative stress and immune function are: a is oxidative stress a  linked with oxidative stress and immune function are: a is oxidative stress accompanied with im  and immune function are: a is oxidative stress accompanied with immune responses energetically   es energetically costly, b is oxidative stress per se energetically costly, c which part of mel  tically costly, c which part of melanin production is responsible for the costs of immune respo  e response, d whether and how oxidative stress affects immune function i.e.is the oxidative str  and how oxidative stress affects immune function i.e.is the oxidative stress beneficial and e d  ts immune function i.e.is the oxidative stress beneficial and e does oxidative stress incur lon   stress beneficial and e does oxidative stress incur long-term effects on immune function wheth  tress incur long-term effects on immune function whether and how previous copulation affects ma  nown aspects of the costs of the immune function, oxidative stress and copulation in insects ha  costs of the immune function, oxidative stress and copulation in insects has a potential impact  ects has a potential impact for further development of basic disciplines. elucidating the micro  oevolutionary aspects related to immune function of insects bears a potential practical value f
11436	4	demonstrated, assumption underlying the evolution of disease resistance is that the maintenance  ion underlying the evolution of disease resistance is that the maintenance and activation of th  eeding strategy to incorporate the lost nutrients, and hence that any costs will be revealed on   revealed only under conditions of food-stress. the aim of this project is to apply the geometr
12598	1	of peat extraction for biodiversity and carbon storage. peat use in soil improver materials has
12667	6	oad habitats, landscape features, soil, vegetation and freshwaters. the survey is an important   rotection programme and supports policy development across a large number of policy areas inclu   of policy areas including: sustainable development, uk biodiversity action plan, cap reform, a  diversity action plan, cap reform, agri-environment schemes, environmental impact assessment, a   framework directive, soil strategy and climate change programme. new methods of data collectio  tryside and the implications for policy development. the last survey and assessment was underta
10042	8	es also protect other components of the ecosystem or attempt to protect many species by setting   species by setting aside some of their habitat in reserves. the latter approach assumes that m   focus on the key processes driving the ecosystem. if the ecosystem processes remain intact, th  processes driving the ecosystem. if the ecosystem processes remain intact, then many components   though it is explicitly embodied by an ecosystem-based approach to management to which most go   disturbance is highly dependent on the abundance of their seaweed competitor. in turn, the ava  s corals from building the complex reef habitat on which much biodiversity depends. this projec  rc grant and enables us to manage a key ecosystem process .
7195	6	ges in agriculture in europe, including intensification and abandonment, have led to a signific  on is primarily due to a combination of habitat loss and degradation of habitat quality. the in  tion of habitat loss and degradation of habitat quality. the interactions between types and int   and intensity of farming practices and abundance of common birds are complex. indeed, agro-eco   common birds are complex. indeed, agro-ecosystems are characterized by a scenario approach to   f price and public policy on compromise production / biodiversity conservation
12742	4	of changes in character and delivery of ecosystem services in the english landscape. specifical  ape. specifically, the project would: 1.review the previous methodology for ‘countryside qualit  countryside character 2.determine which ecosystem services can be attributed to landscape chara  to landscape character and features . 3.review existing data sets on landscape character and qu
10726	13	the attention of the world s scientific community only two years after publication of darwin s   was hailed as the ultimate evidence for evolution. the study proposed here will reveal new info  l new information about the ecology and evolution of this enigmatic fossil, using a rigorously   c fossil, using a rigorously quantified modelling approach. in some respects we know a good dea  wings like partridges do are changes in function of the skeleton mirrored by changes in the sku  red by changes in the skull did cranial evolution keep pace with the rest of the skeleton was t  oads they experience, and the resulting stress and strain can dictate the shape of the skeleton  phology of archaeopteryx relates to its function. deducing this would inform on its feeding beh  the selective pressures driving cranial evolution. the aim of this study is to deliver this kno   fea is that we know little of how well model results reflect reality, and which input paramete  ill then apply the same loads to the fe-model and quantify the difference in orientation and ma  magnitude of the experimental versus fe-model derived strain. by altering elastic properties, l  , i will see which parameters influence model results the most. the resulting information can b
14427	1	e. they are crucial for studying normal development, creating models of human disorders and are
515	5	on – as regards the elaboration and the evaluation of environmental public action notably linki  diversity preservation and agricultural evolution. the scientific stake is to produce knowledge   understand the analysis of a policy in development, in relying on the work in new sociology of  lities of interaction for an integrated production of knowledge and a better efficiency for man  ed production of knowledge and a better efficiency for management control of the latter.
229	1	icted by a 70-parametric general linear model fitted to original data with the statistical sas
13864	3	basis for choosing a replacement of the model currently used to assess acidification in swedens  n swedens eqc for surface waters. three evaluation criteria will be employed: 1. suitability of  nt of the existing empirical assessment model. prototype assessment systems based on all four a
11455	5	is to test how they formed, by detailed mapping of their morphology and geochemistry at the mic  eochemistry at the micron to nanomicron scale, and by controlled laboratory experiments. the fi  ich mineral phases, laid down in a high-energy, poorly-oxygenated, shallow water setting some 3  hemical cycles. activities of bacterial metabolism, if present, will also have major implicatio  o have major implications for biosphere evolution, for the atmospheric history of the planet, a
10787	1	ble to all aspects of our environmental model. this will be supported by culture and the compar
11300	1	ble to all aspects of our environmental model. this will be supported by culture and the compar
6895	4	.e. lps and flagellar antigens. vaccine development against salmonella is hindered by the low-l  e proteins is elevated resulting in the production of cross-reactive antibodies. unfortunately,  oss-reactive antibodies. unfortunately, colonization by the rfah mutant of the gut is hindered   ral mutants. mutants that show a better colonization with the retained potential of eliciting a
444	9	among current global changes, habitat degradation is the principal cause of biodivers  ecies were actually influenced by large scale habitat perturbation. to do so, we used a very la  were actually influenced by large scale habitat perturbation. to do so, we used a very large sc  rbation. to do so, we used a very large scale land-cover and an independent bird survey dataset  and an independent bird survey dataset. habitat disturbance affecting landscapes between 1992 a  e of 15500 2x2 km squares. biodiversity indicators were provided by the french breeding bird su  erturbation had a strong impact on bird community richness and composition. we further focused   n had a strong impact on bird community richness and composition. we further focused on landsca  was a good predictor of the present-day community homogeneity. in this respect, the importance
7160	3	narios of changing habitats on a global scale. for example, species diversity can be compared a  ctions under scenarios of various urban development. the same type of approach will be used for  roach will be used for the agricultural community, foresters, natural, managed and / or protect
10239	2	of food to the ocean floor and benthic community responses to variations in the downward flux   s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by
10748	2	of food to the ocean floor and benthic community responses to variations in the downward flux   s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by
10750	2	of food to the ocean floor and benthic community responses to variations in the downward flux   s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by
11717	2	of food to the ocean floor and benthic community responses to variations in the downward flux   s to variations in the downward flux of organic matter , the uptake of specific biochemicals by
11036	4	icant in the conversion of crude oil to methane and what factors dictate their activity in the   t factors dictate their activity in the environment. when we have this information the benefits  e converted to more readily recoverable methane gas. this research will tell us what organisms   arn how quickly they can convert oil to methane and other end products, information that can ul
11337	1	in forest structure and crucial in post-mining rehabilitation of the island and its economy. th
7506	1	ensure long- term preservation, genetic stability, and secure management of this high-quality a
7549	1	ses problems for conservation programs. resistance apex citrus freezing has been shown but cryo
14950	2	an important role. thus, we propose the development and validation of an effective methodology   jaculates. first of all, we propose the evaluation of different commercial extenders .
7539	2	aise the methodological locks for large-scale application of this method to the conservation of  buds. it is to develop a method for the recovery of meristems after freezing, by in - vitro tec
9867	5	in nature, organisms evolve in response to changes not onl  nse to changes not only in the physical environment but also in their competitors, predators an  ironment but also in their competitors, predators and parasites. the evolutionary battle betwee  s canorus, and its hosts provide a good model system for studying these evolutionary processes   e local information to adapt rapidly to environmental change. and it will add to our knowledge
10593	4	in nature, conflicts between species often involve evoluti  improvements in strategies of attack by predators/parasites lead to improvements in defence by   fence by prey/hosts, leading to further predator/parasite improvements, and so on. interactions  earning on the course of cuckoo-host co-evolution.
10059	8	the way that adaptations arise during evolution is currently a hot topic in biology. in parti  lp us understand how organisms adapt to environmental change. cuckoos and their hosts offer a c  mine the genetic basis of adaptation in nature. one great advantage of working on cuckoos and t   selective advantages of adaptations in nature very precisely because each party selects charac  dd-looking eggs by hosts has driven the evolution of cuckoo eggs that perfectly mimic those lai  , the work will produce the first large scale genomic resources in a cuckoo species and will th  hus be of great use to the considerable community of evolutionary biologists working on cuckoos   to the study of genetic adaptations in nature. it therefore has the potential to open up an en
2473	1	s that can replace those collected from nature.structural studies coupled with bioassays will b
13399	1	ing in the natural flora of turkey, the production of these mushrooms in cultural conditions ha
7496	1	natifida is in this context a preferred model. indeed, the occurrence of spontaneous population
2542	9	contemporary management of the environment rests on the assumption that there is a one  re is a one-to-one relationship between perceptions and practices. regulatory models take a pie  models take a piecemeal approach to the environment where biodiversity often becomes objectifie  bute to an enhanced appreciation of the complexity of attitudes to the environment and to biodi  n of the complexity of attitudes to the environment and to biodiversity; to the values, priorit   order to ascertain how people diagnose environmental change and its effects. such knowledge wi  ology, such as the relationship between nature and culture and the interface between such exter  ocial resilience, and the definition of community. the project will emphasise the linkage betwe  on - how people perceive changes to the environment; knowledge - how people comprehend what the
12200	2	a robust, repeatable and comprehensive evaluation framework for reporting and monitoring the d   character and quality in the next agri-environment programme v.be able to report at a range of
15522	15	estimation of carbon pools and net primary production at a higher spa  imation of carbon pools and net primary production at a higher spatial resolution requires know  he combined effects of climatic change, land cover changes and management on carbon stocks and   e, land cover changes and management on carbon stocks and net primary production of vegetation   gement on carbon stocks and net primary production of vegetation are relatively scarce, especia  on stocks and net primary production of vegetation are relatively scarce, especially in semiari  ake it very suitable for characterizing carbon patterns of vegetation: large climatic and topog  e for characterizing carbon patterns of vegetation: large climatic and topographic variability   e main hypothesis of this study is that climate and management have a synergistic effect on car  management have a synergistic effect on carbon stocks and net primary production of terrestrial  effect on carbon stocks and net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems in peninsular spai  d net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems in peninsular spain, with a declining carbon  s in peninsular spain, with a declining carbon stock due to reduced water availability owed to   duced water availability owed to global warming, which is further enhanced by increased tree co  h is further enhanced by increased tree competition at the stand level due to the recent lack o
15056	1	conditions and hence, the differential distribution of their populations. even more, the polyp
12143	3	the aim of the project is analysis and modelling of cyclicity and dynamics of palaeoenvironmen  ces of quaternary warm periods cyclical nature and dynamics in the context of regional and glob  ing their impact on patterns of species migration, invasion and adaptation.
14961	2	team has worked on the systematics and evolution of the asteraceae along more than 25 years, 2   decided to give priority to during the evaluation of its strategical plan. as a result of this
14556	3	team has worked on the systematics and evolution of the asteraceae along 15 years. this projec  logical characters that justify present classification; and dna sequence analysis, both plastid  lecular phylogeny for comparison to the classification on morphological basis.
14557	3	team has worked on the systematics and evolution of the asteraceae along 15 years. this projec  logical characters that justify present classification; and dna sequence analysis, both plastid  lecular phylogeny for comparison to the classification on morphological basis.
14962	2	team has worked on the systematics and evolution of the asteraceae along more than 25 years, 2   decided to give priority to during the evaluation of its strategical plan. as a result of this
13792	5	d by both genomes are required for cell respiration, the main source of energy production in eu  or cell respiration, the main source of energy production in eukaryotes. selection is strong fo   respiration, the main source of energy production in eukaryotes. selection is strong for optim  ryotes. selection is strong for optimal function of cell respiration, leading to coadaptation o   is strong for optimal function of cell respiration, leading to coadaptation of mitochondrial a
13316	4	known to be invasive in europe species distribution maps and spatial analysis: distribution ma  in europe species distribution maps and spatial analysis: distribution maps of all invasive ali  distribution maps and spatial analysis: distribution maps of all invasive alien species in euro   that encompasses both the geographical scale of the problem and unites the study of different
12452	5	ntury and understand how changes in the abundance of one species can affect others, focusing on  cod is thought to be the most important predator of norway lobster nephrops norvegicus in the i  st 2 decades ago indicated that fishing mortality should be reduced on nephrops and increased o  ofits to the industry. although fishing mortality on cod has increased significantly there is n  he potential impact that changes in cod abundance might have on irish sea nephrops stocks.
10304	6	biology of organisms within the natural environment. typically the level of activity of thousan  e relevant to understanding the natural environment, this problem is compounded by the fact tha  , where a detailed understanding of the function of thousands of genes is generated by well-res  he genetics of organisms in the natural environment, we need to try to summarise the sheer volu  ental interest to their better-studied, model organism relatives. within the last few years, th   help other researchers within the nerc community.
12565	1	cts of theses changes in the freshwater environment on populations of both wild and stocked fis
11038	1	ne resource for the asteraceae research community. this will add around 11,000 sequences to the
10947	4	the phenotypic plasticity of muscle growth will be investigated in relation to temperature   wth will be investigated in relation to temperature in the marine fish fugu rubripes at the emb  ologues of gene loci involved in muscle growth in mammals. computational analysis will be appli  andidate genes involved in muscle fibre recruitment. the expression patterns of novel and known
12253	3	searching the effective use and fate of nutrients applied to land in organic manures or as manu  iate links to defra and other websites. development of the data resource will meet the requirem  ily known and available to the research community for possible additional uses.
12237	5	y and environmental footprint of arable production. this can be achieved most efficiently by id  sustainable management practices on the environment. the data collected are also a key resource   key resource for monitoring impacts of climate change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator  e change on uk agriculture by measuring indicator species. as well as addressing future researc   to support monitoring for food safety, development and validation of models for disease and pe
12427	2	ic and beach/coastal zones. the use and development of the marine conservation societies and os  a high standard of data collection, the development of a new database will make uploading the d
11150	1	ebates in palaeolithic archaeology. the development of reliable archaeological chronologies wil
10083	1	e compared with an explicit geochemical model and used both to reject unsuitable samples and to
10302	9	to discussions of cultural responses to climate change. while its specific meaning will probabl  cially its relationship to the unstable climate of the upper pleistocene and to the rest of the  erably improve our understanding of the distribution and changes over time of the art and relat   furthermore, radiocarbon can only date carbon based pigments, and the majority of early rock p  different examples a chronology for the development and spread of different styles can be built  e whether the appearance and subsequent intensification of rock art is related to rapid climati  al maximum have been revealed by marine sediment and ice cores. we will compare the frequency a  records to test the hypothesis that the intensification of artistic expression in caves was a s  ves was a social response to a changing climate.
11681	3	specimen of australopithecus africanus. mining activities continued at the quarry and the geolo  pers our understanding of early hominid evolution in africa. we propose to take samples of calc  ereby improving the chronology of human evolution in africa, and the methods will be refined to
13788	3	es may imply significant changes in its decomposition rate, which affects the total co2 emissio  ects the total co2 emission from forest ecosystems. in fact, preliminary studies suggest that d  gal decay rates. this has relevance for carbon dynamics in managed boreal forests, and may incr
10172	1	y. relatively little is known about the decomposition and loss of viability of pollen in soils
11080	6	ce in genetic divergence. being able to model both processes matters in many ways: firstly, res  es may be adaptive itself. for example, resistance to insecticide can be acquired more rapidly   ved this trait than through independent evolution. to have any hope to identify introgression o  t the genetic basis of a large range of traits involved in reproductive isolation, including ge  e and those underlying more complicated traits such as mating behaviour. however, their actual   he history of speciation in these three model systems in a number of ways. firstly, i will ask
10646	9	past climate reconstructions are fundamental to understand l  ental to understand long-term trends in climate variability and to test climate models used to   ends in climate variability and to test climate models used to predict future climate change. d  t climate models used to predict future climate change. detailed reconstruction of lead-lag rel  etween regions in the context of global climate change. here we use an annually laminated sedim  ange. here we use an annually laminated sediment core from lake suigetsu, japan, to examine tim  examine timings and rates of key abrupt climate changes across the lateglacial and early holoce  ell as counting of annual layers in the sediment.the results will be of significant interest an   interest and benefit to the scientific community of geologists and climatologists.
13856	15	rd populations and in determining avian life history variation between species. however, nest p  ariation between species. however, nest predation is a significant source of early mortality in  dation is a significant source of early mortality in life and changes in predation rates should   early mortality in life and changes in predation rates should potentially exert a strong influ  ong influence on bird numbers and avian life history evolution. rapid changes of predation rate   on bird numbers and avian life history evolution. rapid changes of predation rates through hum  ife history evolution. rapid changes of predation rates through human disturbance of natural en  nvironments could disrupt the fecundity-mortality balance of many species and may thus lead to   ver, the interactive mechanisms linking predation and habitat change to population dynamics rem  active mechanisms linking predation and habitat change to population dynamics remain to be unde  linking predation and habitat change to population dynamics remain to be understood. in this pr  ity and quantity of natural nest sites, predator protective cover and food supply through fores  s context, i will explore the effect of life history traits on the ability of individuals among  will explore the effect of life history traits on the ability of individuals among woodland spe   to behaviourally influence the risk of predation, a question that has received little attentio
11823	7	embryology, the study of development, is pivotal to unravelling the evolutionary  animals, and how changes to patterns of development have produced the branching events in the t  tential for understanding developmental evolution at this critical episode of evolutionary hist  lone the changes that took place during development from one embryological stage to another. th   structure, based on a virtual computer model. this allows us to analyse details of an embryo s  e whether the bacteria or animal-embryo model of interpretation fits best. ultimately, our aim   s will reveal the role of embryological evolution in one of the most fundamental and most-debat
1993	24	recent climate warming has been shown to advance the seasonal                            recent climate warming has been shown to advance the seasonal timing o  pecific differences in these changes in phenology may result in a decoupling of trophic relatio   decoupling of trophic relationships in food webs and subsequent cascading effects on community  ebs and subsequent cascading effects on community structure. for the timing of life cycle event  d as proxies for the suitability of the environment for their reproduction and growth. climate    environment for their reproduction and growth. climate warming may change the validity of the   ment for their reproduction and growth. climate warming may change the validity of the proxies    their reproduction and growth. climate warming may change the validity of the proxies differen  ditions for successful reproduction and growth 2 could projected climate warming invalidate the  production and growth 2 could projected climate warming invalidate the use of these proxies and  on and growth 2 could projected climate warming invalidate the use of these proxies and lead to  ese proxies and lead to a decoupling of trophic interactions 3 can adaptation to projected clim  eractions 3 can adaptation to projected climate warming maintain or restore trophic interaction  s 3 can adaptation to projected climate warming maintain or restore trophic interactions the sh  ted climate warming maintain or restore trophic interactions the short generation time of the a  pes of models , to microcosms and small-scale flow through systems. we will complement these ex   will complement these experiments with model analyses of the full ecosystem model for shallow   riments with model analyses of the full ecosystem model for shallow lakes- pclake. in addition,  th model analyses of the full ecosystem model for shallow lakes- pclake. in addition, the estab  s. as we will be working with realistic climate scenarios of the knmi, the outcome of our studi  g the environmental impact of projected climate change in aquatic systems. the anticipated resu  on the risk of cascading effects due to climate change and the potential for adaptation to rest  the potential for adaptation to restore food web links.
12033	6	biodiversity of chemosynthetic ecosystems in the deep ocean discovered since 1977, the  e deep ocean discovered since 1977, the ecosystems associated with reduced chemicals on oceanic   those observed in deep‐sea sedimentary ecosystems. they exhibit low specific diversity and hig   dispersion of organisms at the oceanic scale is constrained by geological corridors and fronti  presence of transient habitats, rich in organic matter relationships between trophic network co  r relationships between trophic network complexity, species diversity and abiotic factors.
12336	7	redefining the top levels of the eunis habitat classification scheme. the current project will  ing the top levels of the eunis habitat classification scheme. the current project will build o   current project will build on existing classification work and be aligned with ongoing classif  cation work and be aligned with ongoing classification work on the deep-sea. key customer purpo  on of the deep-sea section of the eunis habitat classification scheme due in spring 2009. this   e deep-sea section of the eunis habitat classification scheme due in spring 2009. this work wil  ication of mczs by providing a coherent classification scheme for deep-sea habitats.
12460	2	taking account of climatically induced ecosystem changes as well as exploitation. then to comb  timal level of exploitation of european ecosystems under changing climatic conditions while ens
12464	6	take into account: climatically induced ecosystem changes and commercial fisheries harvesting,   goals when applying values to fisheries production and management. this part of the project wil  project will develop fisheries resource indicators that combine economic, social and biological  combine economic, social and biological indicators that can be fed into the wider model produce  dicators that can be fed into the wider model produced by the project. key customer purpose: th  ustomer purpose: the traditionally used indicator of economic activity is the operating economy
12465	3	timal level of exploitation of european ecosystems under changing climatic conditions, while al   be evaluated using management strategy evaluation in order to develop robust management option  management options. management strategy evaluation involves assessing the consequences of a ran
7677	5	have critical ecological value as apex predators, but are under enormous anthropogenic pressur  rofile debate amongst the international community, illustrating the difficulty in establishing   t will be developed in two parts: 1 the development of several management options for bluefin t  online game that can be used by a broad community to explore the effects of the different manag  l be developed that simulates realistic population dynamics of bluefin tuna and several managem
1952	11	phase has recently shown that parental energy expenditure during incubation is as costly as du  ect we will study the mechanism and the function of incubation behavior in the great tit, with   echanism and the function of incubation behavior in the great tit, with the aim to integrate th  short time base to the time budget, the energy balance and fitness consequences. we will 1 expe  entally determine the effect of thermal environment, clutch size, food availability and male fe  bility and male feeding on the time and energy budget of the incubating bird, 2 experimentally   arental and clutch fitness, 3 develop a model to predict the optimal timing and intensity of eg  ing and intensity of egg care for known temperature and food availability regimes and 4 test th  od availability regimes and 4 test this model with data on both actual incubation patterns in t  f incubation both using measurements of oxygen consumption, doubly labeled water and a heated a  xperimental manipulation of the thermal environment, food availability, male assistance and clu
10343	9	otosynthesis in the oceans leads to the production of just under half of the oxygen in the atmo  he production of just under half of the oxygen in the atmosphere. in the nutrient-poor central   poor central regions of the oceans this production of oxygen is dominated by very small, single  egions of the oceans this production of oxygen is dominated by very small, single celled organi  plankton fraction and have a ubiquitous distribution in oceanic waters responsible for around a  ble for around a quarter of the primary production in some regions. the genus is genetically di  s is genetically diverse, demonstrating heterogeneity at the level of the 16s rdna gene, which   viously proposed that this phylogenetic heterogeneity underlies subtle differences in physiolog  ive picture of the mechanisms of genome evolution in this genus.
11440	6	the extinction is the loss of dissolved oxygen from the ocean. it is bacteria that cause this d  is bacteria that cause this decrease in oxygen as they use it to decompose organic matter and w  e in oxygen as they use it to decompose organic matter and when the oxygen supply in the water   o decompose organic matter and when the oxygen supply in the water runs out other types of bact  university has shown that the amount of oxygen in the worlds oceans dropped drastically just be  d oceanic mixing had on the terrestrial environment 250 million years ago.
12682	3	to provide an agreed definition of this habitat type to aid ‘identification on the ground’; det  n on the ground’; determine the extent, distribution and quality of all of the habitat in the u   distribution and quality of all of the habitat in the uk and provide a comprehensive list of s
7638	2	of reintroduction programs requires the development of assessment reliable and general criteria  oes it determine whether these criteria modeling can be applied to the restoration of viable po
11739	6	ent of magma is controlled by the large-scale rifting in each of the samples. the primary tool   e based method that allows quantitative mapping of rock and mineral microstructures. the micros  ates of deformation associated with the evolution of the core-complex. such data are essential   re-complex. such data are essential for modelling the large scale evolution of oceanic core com  a are essential for modelling the large scale evolution of oceanic core complexes.   essential for modelling the large scale evolution of oceanic core complexes.
12246	4	ilseed rape to the osr r&d and breeding community, together with associated information to enab  apid genetic analysis of sustainability traits. 4. to characterise the oregin global pathogen c  ctions in the context of adaptations to climate change and model predicted   xt of adaptations to climate change and model predicted
12637	2	20 yrs will be assessed within the soil natural capital stocks and soil ecosystem services fram  he soil natural capital stocks and soil ecosystem services framework, and the research conducte
12393	2	this will enable the new information on ph to be set in the context of the variability in hydro   conditions that determine the observed ph.
11113	6	degradation of complex dissolved organic matter . this project will elucidate changes in  accharide composition during sequential organic matter breakdown. in this context the role of p  to biodegradation and biavailability of organic matter. the results of this research project wi  estigating benthic-pelagic coupling and carbon fluxes in both temperate and tropical coastal sy   tropical coastal systems. responses of ecosystems to environmental stresses are increasingly i  iety, pressure of coastal resources and climate change.
14787	2	vertebrates particularly vulnerable to global change. many populations are threatened and subj  to be especially compromised in fragile ecosystems such as those in mountain areas in the canta
12222	2	, underpined by common data and unified distribution/user-support. the modules are: weed manage  roducts and services for farmers in use/development, rather than building a new entity. the adv
11328	1	be explored via collaboration with the environment agency, uk.
11594	1	be explored via collaboration with the environment agency, uk.
12449	7	tive: determine the stages in the early life history during which cod and haddock suffer differ  ich cod and haddock suffer differential mortality using an existing set of data on eggs and lar  an be used to explain the difference in productivity of irish sea cod and haddock stocks observ   to investigate whether changes in fish recruitment associated with mortality at early stages p  ges in fish recruitment associated with mortality at early stages plays an important role in co  ys an important role in controlling the recovery potential of cod and haddock, allowing for the  al of cod and haddock, allowing for the development of effective management strategies for the
14598	2	bination of markers with high molecular stability . the technique was applied in a study of 200  on patterns which determine the spatial distribution and genetic profile of the present populat
7514	2	nkage disequilibrium and specifying the development of methods of association in populations wi  in populations with substantial allelic richness. the project objective is to assess, in the pr
15106	2	of the underlying factors driving plant evolution in mediterranean-type ecosystems. in this pro  g plant evolution in mediterranean-type ecosystems. in this project, we will explore whether po
15107	2	of the underlying factors driving plant evolution in mediterranean-type ecosystems. in this pro  g plant evolution in mediterranean-type ecosystems. in this project, we will explore whether po
15490	6	intraguild predation, the killing of species that compe  nt of individual fitness and population abundance in vertebrate predators, with important conse   and population abundance in vertebrate predators, with important conservation implications. de   far on the demographic consequences of intraguild predation. it will provide a much needed qua  will provide a much needed quantitative review of studies published in this field of science. a  ough other medias, including the ad hoc production of a professional documentary depicting the
14960	1	rvacion del aguila perdicera and in the recovery plans.
541	10	d the way environmental variability and climate change have affected and will affect ecosystems  te change have affected and will affect ecosystems and populations. long-term records of popula   marked animals to study the effects of climate change on a range of vertebrate populations and  n carried out on the link between large-scale and small-scale climatic factors and population d   the link between large-scale and small-scale climatic factors and population dynamics. in addi  le and small-scale climatic factors and population dynamics. in addition the climpop group has   nd procedures to study the influence of climate on vital rates based on the analysis of individ  tion of these models and procedures, to review published papers in which the influence of clima  tions to efficiently address impacts of climate effects on vital rates in natural vertebrate po  in natural vertebrate populations. this evaluation raised six potential methodological issues a
7126	7	ills to study the ecological effects of climate variations and global changes through a series   sis to compare the potential effects of climate change on vertebrates with contrasting life his   change on vertebrates with contrasting life history traits and live in environments different.  rtebrates with contrasting life history traits and live in environments different. as part of t  r groups are more likely than others to climate change according to their population strategy,   ategy, and 2 what are the most relevant climate indicators, is it better to use global or local  nd 2 what are the most relevant climate indicators, is it better to use global or local descrip
7187	5	a trade in aquarium plants, their rapid development in a series of different environments, lead  with each other, make it an exceptional model for studying biological invasions usually. in thi  lluscs same strain of invaders, without resistance or tolerance specific or special adaptation   rance specific or special adaptation of life history traits, also remains capable of establishi  c or special adaptation of life history traits, also remains capable of establishing healthy pe
15160	5	tion models applied to their biological model as longitudinal argument, this is, as one additio  r the deep knowledge of such biological model. the present project tries instead to promote the  nt project tries instead to promote the development of new population models and mathematical t  pulation monitoring with any biological model . thus, we intend to break with the traditional s  nefit to the partners by increasing the efficiency of their work and the level of their scienti
2118	1	chanisms of brazil nut regeneration and population dynamics under natural conditions. this will
14578	3	of the present project is to study the population dynamics of the brown seaweed fucus serratus   seaweed fucus serratus in the limit of distribution, comparing the behaviour of marginal popul  eresting information on the patterns of colonization that occurred in recent times along the sh
15197	3	onstrated that the post-release rate of mortality of loggerhead sea turtles in the western medi  30%, but the relevance of the long-line mortality cannot be assessed accurately because of two    demographic relevance of the resulting mortality.
1990	7	ven exceptional gene flow from the lake sediment. temperature in the lake under study changes r  ional gene flow from the lake sediment. temperature in the lake under study changes rapidly dur  om blooms, i.e. at the time of epidemic development of the fungus, and this in itself could ste  ation of host diatoms is present on the sediment of the lake we study. under the conditions on   e we study. under the conditions on the sediment the parasites are non-infective. recurrent win  spension of non-infected hosts from the sediment could obscure a clear selection pattern in the  ion that operate in the complex natural environment of a lake.
12772	7	diffuse sediment pollution causes a number of negative impacts   key control on the transfer and fate of nutrients and contaminants responsible for a wide range  re important to understand and mitigate sediment pressures across england and wales. previous r   ca. 76% of the current total suspended sediment loadings delivered to watercourses at national  s delivered to watercourses at national scale and as a result, attention needs to be focused on  l as the need to support policy on agri-environment schemes guidance and advice on optimising t  ng the link between resource protection efficiency and biodiversity benefits.
11651	2	egative relationship between population growth rate that concave-up relationships between pgr a  oncave-up relationships between pgr and density are to be expected for species with life histor
2094	19	recent results indicate that density dependent processes in atlantic salmon during e  than those usually considered to be the spatial scale of populations and hence the units of pop  e of populations and hence the units of population dynamics. however, the mechanism behind and    behind and consequences of this strong density dependence is poorly understood. the project ai  f atlantic salmon are regulated through density dependent processes by testing the potential un  lying mechanisms empirically. two large-scale field experiments will be conducted that test whe  hat test whether energetic costs and/or predation costs due to high initial density are the mec  /or predation costs due to high initial density are the mechanisms responsible for local densit  re the mechanisms responsible for local density dependent survival. these and other data will b  eterize and existing spatially explicit behavior- and habitat-based population model to examine  isting spatially explicit behavior- and habitat-based population model to examine population co   behavior- and habitat-based population model to examine population consequences of habitat cha  l to examine population consequences of habitat characteristics and behavioral decisions across  ons across environmental gradients. the model will be evaluated against a third large-scale fie  will be evaluated against a third large-scale field study that examine the importance of local    the importance of local vs. population scale density, and used as a tool for developing predic  mportance of local vs. population scale density, and used as a tool for developing predictions   nd spatial variation in atlantic salmon productivity, and 2. consequences of different manageme   of different management strategies for productivity under various environmental scenarios.
7672	2	sity of microorganisms, therefore their evolution, adaptation and expected ecological services   heir evolution, adaptation and expected ecological services in urban soils and artificialized s
15511	3	ormation of body asymmetries during the development of a group of metazoa, the lophotrochozoa.   scribe their expression patterns during development and to determine their interactions and reg  organisms, as well as their role during development. we will use three species of gastropod mol
7706	5	griculture is to reconcile agricultural production for various uses with respect for the enviro  n for various uses with respect for the environment and maintaining ecological services. for th  ect for the environment and maintaining ecological services. for this it has become necessary t  s become necessary to reduce the use of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers but above that of pe  ut above that of pesticides. . finally, production costs will be analyzed in the same way that
14224	4	oxidative stress caused by metabolic changes of the organism is t  he organism is tightly connected to the development and progress of several pathogenic conditio  ic conditions. therefore the design and development of new and powerful antioxidant molecules i  ecrease the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species novel glutathione analogues with superio
12626	7	rring in the future. though on a global scale, many of these studies underline the fact that so   of erosion features through surveying, remote sensing and aerial photography of the extent of   ochemical and radionuclide analysis and modelling of erosion using a suite of different softwar  te in different environments. the large-scale erosion of peaty uplands, for example, has been s   also in terms of understanding whether mitigation efforts have been successful. this project p  ll be to deliver an in-depth literature review, written by world-leading experts in the field o  s to conduct a cost-effective, national-scale monitoring programme of erosion in the future.
12586	4	ers understand the current state of the environment and how it is changing, and to understand t   laws and agreements for protection the environment. additionally, monitoring information will   oring information will also support the development and implementation of future soil and envir  me. the project is being managed by the environment agency.
12401	6	in the msfd descriptors of ges and key ecosystem services for the period 2007/08 to 2030. the   ir framework to the concepts of ges and ecosystem services key customer purpose: the five key o  oject are: objective 1 – prioritise key ecosystem services in the marine environment and identi  se key ecosystem services in the marine environment and identify associated drivers for change.  ective 3 – establish sensitivity of key ecosystem services to changes in drivers and associated  kely changes in the state of the marine environment on an annual or 5-yearly basis up to 2030 s
12770	5	of concerns at an eu level about their abundance and distribution. typically, these species ar  t an eu level about their abundance and distribution. typically, these species are acutely vuln  flicts. under section 78 of the natural environment and rural communities act 2006 defra author   conservation . d. evaluating potential mitigation measures and good practice for european prot  species affected by roads. e. improving mitigation success for serotine and natterers bats. thi
11563	14	other influences, both external such as climate and internal such as growth or stress, can subt  al such as climate and internal such as growth or stress, can subtly influence these chemical s   climate and internal such as growth or stress, can subtly influence these chemical signals, kn   one type of stable isotopic value, the nitrogen isotopic value, is that of pregnancy and lacta  ation have been shown to influence hair nitrogen isotope signatures of modern female humans and  that the effect results from changes in nitrogen metabolism during pregnancy/lactation. to date  effect results from changes in nitrogen metabolism during pregnancy/lactation. to date it is un  tion. to date it is unknown whether the nitrogen isotope changes observed in mammalian hair due  ult human male and female bone collagen nitrogen isotopic values have been reported in archaeol  urces for men and women, or evidence of migration between areas with different diets. however,   on affect an individual s bone collagen nitrogen isotopic values. we will test our hypothesis o  n which we have already shown that hair nitrogen isotopic values are affected by pregnancy/lact  tion. we can then consider whether wide-scale observed differences between male and female bone  s between male and female bone collagen nitrogen isotopic values in archaeological human popula
10861	3	wood decomposition and fungal community development begins w            wood decomposition and fungal community development begins while branches are still i  wood decomposition and fungal community development begins while branches are still in the cano
12150	3	the aim of the proposed project is the development of prognosis either of the spread of invasi  thuania will be proposed as well as the evaluation of pathogen impact on mortality of infested   as the evaluation of pathogen impact on mortality of infested bee colonies and synergetic effec
15202	1	ns are catalogued as priority habitats, nature 2000, european union, it is catalogued as forest
14572	2	turn of a central paradigm: the biotic resistance of communities to invasion, which emphasizes  hese, in islands that differ in species richness. both archipelagos bear high levels of endemic
15460	5	pulations according to initial range of distribution and population size, for a restricted taxo  s of dispersal on genetic diversity and recovery of populations 3 to recognize possible genetic   of small populations, under a frame of habitat destruction by man at planetary scale. we also   habitat destruction by man at planetary scale. we also hope to obtain clues and general and spe  information that could be useful for an evaluation of decission making on conservation of small
15128	19	accelerated climate change and other important environmental change  causing relevant alterations in species distribution and community structures. although some fi  alterations in species distribution and community structures. although some first attempts to e  rs and processes that determine species distribution limits. thus, in this project we aim to ev  s which a priori are determinant: a the spatial pattern of the habitat together with the disper  terminant: a the spatial pattern of the habitat together with the dispersal capacity of each sp  pastures of the central system, as this ecosystem is one of the most vulnerable to climate chan  system is one of the most vulnerable to climate change. the purpose of this project is to study  s to study the main determinants of the distribution limits of high mountain plant species and   capacity of these species to respond to global change. taking silene ciliata and armeria caespi  ilene ciliata and armeria caespitosa as model species, the project has four specific objectives  the effect of the spatial structure and connectivity of a network of mediterranean high mountai   plants as explicative variables of the distribution limits of species in high mountain psicrox  xerophilous pastures in relation to the distribution limits of the species which comprise this   mits of the species which comprise this community; 3 detect the incidence of local adaptation p  ell as their relevance as a response to climate change; and 4 identify phenological, physiologi  directional selection and determine the spatial scale in which local adaptation occurs. the ach  n area which is especially sensitive to global change and will facilitate decision-making to mi  ecological and socioeconomic effects of global change.
14162	9	variation in different types of defence traits is considerable at both intra- and interspecific   unexplained. due to their diversity of life history strategies, exploited ecological niches an   sample sizes, lepidoptera are an ideal model system for studying variation in defence traits b  ystem for studying variation in defence traits both within and between species. the project foc   the variation in melanin based defence traits has different reasons. proximally the variation    soma. also, in income-capital breeding scale the longer-lived, more mobile income breeders sho  rs should have better developed defence traits. another ecological factor which may affect inve  imate genetic correlations and genotype environment interactions. other hypotheses of interspec  pecific connections between the studied traits will be addressed using a comparative phylogenet
11605	1	fy the effect of pleiotropic effects of temperature adaptation, for variation in female mating
9810	1	fy the effect of pleiotropic effects of temperature adaptation, for variation in female mating
2123	1	of ecological barriers and parasitoids/predators in the spatial patterning of outbreaks and, f
14538	8	oots may have an important role in arid ecosystems where water is a limiting resource. such red  ibution can be upwards , soil type, the organic matter content, the depth of water table, as we  ishment and because it could extend the growth season, and influence the water balance of other  nd the growth season, and influence the water balance of other species. we propose carrying out  field and laboratory experiments, using remote sensing and geographic information systems to an  y experiments, using remote sensing and geographic information systems to analyse mechanisms of  nce of hydraulic redistribution for the productivity, biological diversity and plant-plant inte  ty and plant-plant interactions in arid ecosystems.
13375	1	ne and smelting areas were tested under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions in order to te
10968	11	marine productivity focuses on zooplankton production, examini  ine productivity focuses on zooplankton production, examining how climate change may alter seco  n zooplankton production, examining how climate change may alter secondary production. although   examining how climate change may alter secondary production. although this programme includes    they are the main link between primary production and fish. thus, we considered microzooplankt  sozooplankton. we will parameterise the abundance, size structure, biomass, biodiversity and pr  ze structure, biomass, biodiversity and production, of ciliates. these parameters will be exami  ll be examined at inter and intra basin-scale levels to test hypotheses concerning ciliate prod  s to test hypotheses concerning ciliate production and its fate. the project will also provide   rvice to other components of the marine productivity programme, by producing useful data for mo  programme, by producing useful data for model parameterisation.
10390	1	ikely to have resulted from the altered geomorphology.
11749	1	op to ensure that the interdisciplinary nature of the various investigations are properly integ
12265	4	stock account for up to 35-40% of world methane production. around 80% of this comes from ferme  count for up to 35-40% of world methane production. around 80% of this comes from fermentation   tional level: 1 as a result of improved productivity and efficiency at the individual animal or  s a result of improved productivity and efficiency at the individual animal or herd/flock level
2536	5	swarming behavior, the mysterious and fascinating phenomenon of   emarkably coordinated--is everywhere in nature: flocks of birds dancing in the sky, dense schoo  ome will provide deep insights into the nature of swarms, helping to explain why collective beh  arms, helping to explain why collective behavior repeatedly emerges from natural selection. col  rges from natural selection. collective behavior is central to such diverse fields as anthropol
12762	2	ales. this project aims to identify the scale of use of snares within england and wales and the  ary, the project will: 1. determine the scale of use of snares in england and wales. 2. determi
10837	2	. in this, males are reared on a large scale in factories, sterilised and then released into t  , sterilised and then released into the environment to mate with the wild females. such matings
11779	14	regulate the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. the use of molecular techniques has permitt  es this diversity on a large geographic scale. in addition, there is no clear consensus on how   ns in bacterial biodiversity impacts on ecosystem functions such as the mineralization of carbo  functions such as the mineralization of carbon. such knowledge is essential to improving our un  mework for the future use of biological indicators of soil quality. recently it has been shown   uality. recently it has been shown that ph is the main driver in determining the richness of ba  h is the main driver in determining the richness of bacterial taxa in soil communities, and add  ly we seek to firstly asses the role of ph in determining the identities of dominant soil bacte  trient inputs determined by aboveground vegetation, and additional environmental variables affe  respect to soil chemistry and overlying vegetation as a core element of the countryside survey.  fic changes in members of the bacterial community. whilst we wish to address fundamental questi  tions on the controls of soil bacterial community diversity, we also seek to question the usefu  to question the usefulness of microbial indicators of soil functionality. therefore, once taxon  rial composition/diversity, and measure carbon mineralization rates to determine whether commun
10329	7	l to evolutionary outcomes. in terms of resistance to parasites, increasing costs leads to vari   costs leads to variation around an ess resistance level while decreasing ones may select for a  populations and therefore to select for resistance at different resource levels. we have also d  also demonstrated genetic variation for resistance, a response to selection for resistance and   resistance, a response to selection for resistance and costs to evolved resistance. we therefor  ion for resistance and costs to evolved resistance. we therefore propose to measure the shape o  pe of the genotypic trade-off curve for resistance through selection in different environments.
11509	2	atly influence the product cost are the stability of the strains and conidial yield. fungi can   cus of this project is to determine the stability and conidial yield of the metarhizium strains
11813	3	developing countries to carry out large scale tracking projects. in this project, the tags will  fish. indeed, in the current context of climate change and overfishing, coastal seas are threat   for the effective management of marine ecosystems.
12338	1	summary objective this project will review marine survey data and metadata held by cefas to
10770	9	e between the deep oceanic reservoir of carbon and the atmosphere. the balance between the co2   dictates the content in the atmospheric carbon dioxide, which has implication on the climate on  n dioxide, which has implication on the climate on earth. our knowledge on past climates mostly  es mostly relies on the analyses of the evolution of the marine organisms that compose this bio  ochemical tools such as trace metals or stable isotopes recorded by their mineralized remains a  chive. however, the manner in which the climate and the composition of seawater are recorded in  are responsible for a large part of the carbon drawdown to the seafloor. these micro-organisms   nst the climatic variability of natural environment both geographically and temporally. to do s   the oceanic carbonate system to future climate changes because the behaviour of the surface oc
12651	1	the development of a tool to monitor the harvest of huntabl
12543	2	esult in rapid population increases and development of insecticide resistance can result in con  ncreases and development of insecticide resistance can result in control failures. in recent ye
12765	11	mage to crops, substantial reduction of abundance of plant and animal species, spread of diseas  spread of diseases, damage to livestock production and vehicle collisions. recently established  elop surveillance techniques to monitor density and abundance and to detect range expansion of   lance techniques to monitor density and abundance and to detect range expansion of wild boar, e  the first element of the project is the development of methods to monitor boar distribution and   development of methods to monitor boar distribution and abundance. several methods will be eva  ethods to monitor boar distribution and abundance. several methods will be evaluated to determi  ds will be evaluated to determine local abundance, colonisation and range expansion by wild boa  oar and to monitor wild boar population density, size and change.the study will also assess the  ill offer stakeholders tools to monitor abundance and potential expansion of this species and e  pecies and ensure that potential, large-scale human-wild boar conflicts are prevented or contai
12380	1	r understanding of the health of marine ecosystems in relation to natural and anthropogenic cha
12755	3	d is developing a coherent framework of indicators to track progress towards post-2010 targets   ish an ad hoc technical expert group on indicators for the strategic plan 2011-2020 to provide   vide advice to cop11. this project will review and assess expert knowledge and evidence necessa
11680	1	troy the heather, which is an important habitat for rare ground nesting birds. when you mix two
6926	4	parallel with the development of intensive poultry production, traditiona  th the development of intensive poultry production, traditional hungarian poultry stock breedin  ieties of gene banks and describe their production characteristics in detail, 2. and 3. study q  istics of the breeds in ecological type production. all r&d included in this project proposal i
10420	1	on summary for the linked proposals the carbon isotopes in protein that survives in archaeologi
11389	1	the carbon isotopes in protein that survives in archaeologi
12292	6	is to investigate the potential of host resistance to reduce the impact of sclerotinia in susce  hough there is no evidence for complete resistance to s. sclerotiorum in any of the current cul  lants such as brassicas and lettuce and development of a similar set for carrot is proposed und  relatives which may be sources of novel resistance factors compared to other resources based on  to screen different plant genotypes for resistance to s. sclerotiorum and to examine the relati  types will be evaluated for sclerotinia resistance. hence it will be important to have represen
12334	2	e a digital data layer of the potential distribution of rock and hard substrate at, or near, th  gional mpa projects, in particular reef habitat types.
12470	4	od movement, the project will undertake modelling to provide evidence to improve the basis for   ve way of identifying areas of high cod abundance, improve effectiveness of these measures thro  l - including through the impending cod recovery plan review and under a reformed common fisher  through the impending cod recovery plan review and under a reformed common fisheries policy. it
12683	4	oastal habitats at risk from effects of climate change, and to identify large scale opportuniti  f climate change, and to identify large scale opportunities for adaptive strategies presented b  presented by whole coastal systems, and development of a systematic consideration process leadi  ematic consideration process leading to development of a framework and prototype tool for decis
14826	2	ts and the great variability in rate of evolution shown by nuclear genes render leafy especiall   and for buiding an accurate systematic classification of the group that reflects the phylogene
15494	1	the effects caused by concentrations of nitrate will be conducted, also examining its possible
12570	3	are required to forecast the effects of environmental change and stakeholdes, on the nature and  onmental change and stakeholdes, on the nature and prioritisation of management decisions relat  ove the quality of further reserach and model developments. the models will be developed in an
7575	2	sity and spatial characteristics of the environment permit precise location of genetic disconti  ailable to the international scientific community
10269	4	plankton provide an important record of environmental change and are indeed a driving force in   hange and are indeed a driving force in global change. stable isotopes studies have recently le  ndeed a driving force in global change. stable isotopes studies have recently lead to recogniti  recently lead to recognition of a major global change event in the early late cambrian . result
10827	4	we will develop a spatially-explicit model of the dynamics of the 2002 phocine distemper epi  c that can be used to predict levels of mortality around the uk. urgency funding is required so  uk. urgency funding is required so that modelling work can begin before the epizootic has taken  otic and to develop generic methods for modelling the dynamics of diseases that affect spatiall
12679	5	contractor will develop options for an indicator of invasive non-native species at gb and coun  onsult the scientific and policy making community, refine as required and produce a recommended  e as required and produce a recommended indicator with a run of data that allows for an assessm   an assessment of change over time. the indicator will have two components: •a measure of the n  omponents: •a measure of the number and abundance of non-native species in great britain. •a me
12639	2	to produce a uk indicator based on the index of the timing of four spri  ng events between 1900 and 2006 from uk phenology network data.
12528	5	the aim of this project is to develop a model framework to guide policy decisions aimed at: the  ology of the disease, nor by predictive modelling of how interventions interact with this epide  ck of guidance from epidemiological and modelling studies in informing intervention strategies   ion methods are: • how can we match the spatial scale of intervention strategies with the spati  rtainty about pathogen biology and host distribution affect the probability of success and the
9960	3	rch balloons and micro-satellites. e.g. remote sensing of forest health by using filters sensit  n the chlorophyll spectrum, sea surface temperature from a micro-satellite or ship-borne versio  econdly, it will be used to measure the temperature at different heights in the atmosphere clos
10485	3	city of genetic random sampling from an ecosystem without restriction of sampling regimes. the    broad range of applications from large scale random sampling in natural conditions during the   mpling in natural conditions during the environment change, to defined survey in agricultural a
9831	2	onments. however, attempts to study the distribution and diversity of mobile genetic elements ,  rior to their use for assessing plasmid distribution and diversity in natural habitats. secondl
12551	2	ial contribution to agriculture and the environment through pollination: they also produce hone  urces or in the case of parasitoids and predators, on volatile cues from the host/prey of the i
11118	8	ations in the natural abundances of the stable isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxyge  ces of the stable isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen of individual compounds can  he stable isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen of individual compounds can be meas  topes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen of individual compounds can be measured using th  c compounds in complex systems, such as ecosystems or living organisms. amino acids and their b  e to the analytical chemist since their functional groups must be chemically derivatised prior   ng from the characterisation of organic nitrogen compounds in the biosphere and isotope tracer   species to dietary tracing experiments, food web elucidation and plant-soil interactions.
11282	17	ophic mires, are extremely sensitive to climate change. precipitation is the only source of wat   extremely sensitive to climate change. precipitation is the only source of water and nutrients  itation is the only source of water and nutrients to the bog and so therefore the dominant vege  o the bog and so therefore the dominant vegetation is strongly influenced by the local climatic  ontained within peat layers are various indicators of past climatic conditions, also known as p  ate proxies, which can be used to study climate changes in the past. for example, macrofossils,  s of the plants, and pollen reflect the abundance of the plants originally growing at the bog s  ace. these plants are very sensitive to climate and so changes such factors as rainfall or temp   so changes such factors as rainfall or temperature are reflected in the macrofossil records in  res given the current debates on global warming. where macrofossils are unidentifiable in the p  sphagnum species where as in other peat vegetation such as heathers the n-c23 is either absent   is either absent or present in very low abundance. further work has revealed that n-c23 alkane    feature of lipids is their hydrophobic nature which means they are immobile in peat bog and so  sed in palaeoclimate reconstruction are stable isotopes. bulk stable isotope values measured in   on dd values of biomarkers of peat bog vegetation. this will be achieved by measuring the dd v  correlated with other peat proxies, and temperature data collected over the past 200 years, whi  l in which we could study past regional temperature variations.
11715	4	of the phanerozoic global biodiversity, ecosystem function, biogeochemistry and climate have al  ecosystem function, biogeochemistry and climate have all varied considerably in response to a v  ocesses and led to major changes in the abundance of atmospheric o3, and therefore land surface   radiation, during the course of biotic evolution. here we develop, for the first time, a terre
10206	3	the proposal is concerned with the development of a novel high resolution the sediment tra  elopment of a novel high resolution the sediment transport component will be driven off time de  rstanding the interaction between flow, sediment transport and form in gravel bed rivers. furth
11226	3	the proposal is concerned with the development of a novel high resolution the sediment tra  elopment of a novel high resolution the sediment transport component will be driven off time de  rstanding the interaction between flow, sediment transport and form in gravel bed rivers. furth
14374	2	es to describe the seasonal dynamics of vegetation. typically, the approaches do not take into   s the study of satellite time series of ecosystem dynamics. based on the experimental setup, an
7624	3	this project aims to develop a model of functional relationships between resources i d  nships between resources i dynamics and vegetation and ii services rendered; control of structu  l of structural patterns and ecological heterogeneity requests from stakeholders for optimizing
12700	3	tial for conservation action and policy development. the extent of coastal vegetated shingle is   trends in this rare and scarce dynamic habitat cannot be determined, the use of remotely sense  that combines extent and quality of the habitat, which can be shared between relevant bodies an
11134	4	rd to non-compliance of bathing waters. climate change, and particularly more intense storms in  . hydro-environmental impact assessment modelling studies, regularly undertaken by specialist c   having two fundamental shortcomings in model simulations, which can lead to erromneous environ  activities relating to marine renewable energy and particularly for the severn estuary.
12245	4	e that the impact that they have on the environment is minimised, and that biodiversity is enco  enarios will be tested using a range of modelling techniques. under the european unions common    enhancing the biodiversity in the farm ecosystem. a number of ifm components in livestock syst  ring a profit to enable the business to function in an ecomonically sustainable way.
14600	5	l, integral and dynamic part of aquatic ecosystems. they also constitute a socio-economic resou  propriate management tools to guide the sediment assessment process, both from the technical an  integrated management of sediments. the development of the tool will combine risk assessment .   ll help assess the relationship between sediment characteristics and contaminant bioavailabilit  aking process related to: need to adopt sediment quality remediation measures in harbours and w
12233	1	a crucial route to reduced reliance on nitrogen inform plans for modification of existing vari
14330	5	roject aims to use the existing belgian remote sensing and related knowledge in a new, but topi  high and low resolution imagery for the classification of vegetation. in ethiopia not only land  ution imagery for the classification of vegetation. in ethiopia not only land use change studie  ion of vegetation. in ethiopia not only land use change studies were carried out, but also abov  so above-ground biomass and underground carbon measurements.the insights obtained in this proje
9815	6	he particular kind of network. however, food webs stand out as being anomalous, as the number o  er node appears not to have a power-law distribution, and hubs with large numbers of links are   estigates several important features of food webs not shared by many other kinds of network, to  k, to see what part they play in making food webs special. for instance, the nodes , at a total  ge of the earth s life-support systems: food webs are vital components of these systems, and st   on the persistence of other species in food webs.
2176	2	resents a pilot study with focus on the development of two sets of genetic markers, microsatell   , nvh will have the responsibility for development of genetic markers and most genetic analysi
6960	14	intensification of arable farming is a serious threat t  is a serious threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services. agri-environmental schemes to measu   for this proposal intend to work out 7 indicators: 1. insect-born virus pressure, 2. scale ins  tors: 1. insect-born virus pressure, 2. scale insect infestation, 3. farmland bird survey, 4. m  aize pistil faunula test, 5. pollinator distribution, 6. resistance to invasive weeds, 7. indic  la test, 5. pollinator distribution, 6. resistance to invasive weeds, 7. indicator moth species  on, 6. resistance to invasive weeds, 7. indicator moth species. these cover a wide range of tax  s. these cover a wide range of taxa and ecosystem services, and thus can make it possible to de  or suggest local actions to improve the environment. we plan to test these indicators at differ   the environment. we plan to test these indicators at different distances from natural areas an  ed results: publication of the concrete indicator protocols and scientific publications into th  nsive fields. future application of the indicators should result in the optimization of public    of the indicators should result in the optimization of public money spent on aes, and may adva  harmonization of economic, societal and nature interest.
14615	9	r population numbers when reductions in abundance take place. cetaceans constitute a group of a   that of fishing, which has reduced the abundance of many of fish and cephalopod stocks that co  ates as well as an increment of natural mortality through - or besides - a weakening against th  ortunately there are not available good indicators to accurately measure this parameter in that  of accumulation and mobilization of the energy reserves , with the ultimate objective of design  ctive of designing reliable and precise indicators of nutritive condition to be applied to this  o be applied to this animal group. such indicators will be based on the combination of morphome  activities and the influence on them of global change, thus contributing critical knowledge for  sessing the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems.
163	2	f the study consists in working out and development of a new prediction model for land use, in   out and development of a new prediction model for land use, in which the bird fauna, as an esse
7678	8	this project is to develop a simulation model of fine-scale land-use patterns to account for ex  s to develop a simulation model of fine-scale land-use patterns to account for expected global   ected global changes, and to deploy the model to predict ecosystem services linked to the physi  ges, and to deploy the model to predict ecosystem services linked to the physical and biotic co  ganisms that can influence the physical environment via induction of water condensation and fre   practices. we will couple a simulation model of land-use patterns in south eastern france to t  d patterns of regional microclimate and abundance and diversity of micro-organisms entering the  rganisms between cultivated and natural ecosystems.
14726	4	requires that appropriate biodiversity indicators are incorporated in forest inventories and f  lop landscape-level forest biodiversity indicators that can be effectively applied within natio  mation of biodiversity at the landscape scale within the spanish national forest inventories, c  est inventories, coordinating landscape indicators and plot measurements, supporting field samp
12524	8	tions in resource use while maintaining productivity. national statutory and advisory testing s  c systems and must relate to mainstream production where the potential for reduced inputs is fa  ch on the genetic basis of resource use efficiency require a level of appropriate comparative t  both their ability to describe resource efficiency, and their ease of use in future routine sys   to populate modules in the eu rotate n model to assess n use efficiency of varieties of the di  n the eu rotate n model to assess n use efficiency of varieties of the different crops examined  ded from breeding varieties for organic production to include low input production, and this is  organic production to include low input production, and this is reflected in many seed catalogu
12522	2	ective to protect and enhance the rural environment and to improve the attractiveness and biodi  mances and how they impact on the wider environment. the uk supports a wide range of diverse fa
7498	1	pear to play an important role in these ecosystems. we propose to develop molecular methods to
10167	1	of tissues that will allow mathematical modelling of the isotopic relationship between diet and
11266	5	tify species which are relevant for the environment. raman spectroscopy is an important techniq  ion and monitoring of pollutants in the environment. these schemes would allow new and improved  field measurements of pollutants in the environment with an instrument that can measure all com  , and isotope-selective measurements of nitrogen and oxygen and isotope tracer experiments. thi  -selective measurements of nitrogen and oxygen and isotope tracer experiments. this proposal to
14179	8	the aim of the project is development of quantitatively reliable proteomics, tran  l state of bacterial cells also through modeling. basic knowledge of bacterial cells physiology  relationships between the cell size and growth rate of the bacteria, very important fact about   ber of ribosomes on the increase of the growth rate, their results were the basis for the devel  e, their results were the basis for the development of cell cycle theory etc. however, already   f the project is to study regulation of growth and cell cycle mechanisms in detail, their depen  isms in detail, their dependence on the growth conditions. the eventual aim of the project is d  ons. the eventual aim of the project is development of the systems biology platform of bacteria
9998	7	n problem in ecological genetics is the development and deployment of markers in wild populatio  me-consuming and expensive task for non-model organisms, and can be a serious block to achievin  se pipelines will be used to verify the mapping of dauer entry and other traits in the c. elega  fy the mapping of dauer entry and other traits in the c. elegans model system, and to deliver g  ntry and other traits in the c. elegans model system, and to deliver genetic analysis of rad si  igate the use of radseq markers in fine mapping of traits in a fully-sequenced genome. we will   se of radseq markers in fine mapping of traits in a fully-sequenced genome. we will also constr
12372	1	activities which may affect the marine environment. the work also provides an opportunity to h
13731	11	the size distribution of a cohort at the end of the growing seas  and starvation. an understanding of the development of size variation is therefore fundamental   efore fundamental to be able to predict recruitment variation in exploited populations like fis  size-dependent performance and positive growth autocorrelation as factors that may generate inc  derlying size-dependent performance and growth autocorrelation are, however, quite diverse and   ation of field studies, experiments and modeling. the experiments include studies of the origin  effects of ontogenetic niche shifts and predation on size variation. modeling studies using a m  shifts and predation on size variation. modeling studies using a modeling approach specifically  ize variation. modeling studies using a modeling approach specifically designed to handle size-  carried out to yield data on individual growth and cohort size formation in relation to hatchin  elation to hatching date, resource use, habitat use and resource levels.
10006	7	in detectability. because of the recent growth in interest in assessing the status of protected  r planning decisions and managing local nature reserves; ecological consultants who carry out s  l consultants who carry out surveys and mitigation projects on behalf of developers; and conser  h several million pounds being spent on development mitigation for amphibians and reptiles, deb  llion pounds being spent on development mitigation for amphibians and reptiles, debate rages ov  sultants to produce much more effective mitigation plans for their clients. equally, it will st  t comes to planning issues. managers of nature reserves will also be able to carry out more eff
11536	7	in detectability. because of the recent growth in interest in assessing the status of protected  r planning decisions and managing local nature reserves; ecological consultants who carry out s  l consultants who carry out surveys and mitigation projects on behalf of developers; and conser  h several million pounds being spent on development mitigation for amphibians and reptiles, deb  llion pounds being spent on development mitigation for amphibians and reptiles, debate rages ov  sultants to produce much more effective mitigation plans for their clients. equally, it will st  t comes to planning issues. managers of nature reserves will also be able to carry out more eff
12392	2	pertinent to the uk marine and coastal environment at a national and regional scale, the uk wo   environment at a national and regional scale, the uk would demonstrate how to ensure the most
2019	7	tribution of gene family members to the development of organisms. in recent years it has become  pus oocytes and embryos as a vertebrate model system. to this end we will investigate: 1. the b  -specific tbp paralog, during embryonic development; 2. alternative mechanisms of transcription  tional repression and activation during development. our approach involves a combination of ant  tial to further our knowledge of normal development and disease, including congenital malformat  ng congenital malformation and abnormal growth and differentiation. keywords: transcription, ch  ion, chromatin, repression, activation, development
7702	10	the conclusions of the grenelle of the environment, then the seating of the forest, emphasize    of biodiversity, and more generally of ecosystem functioning. this dual requirement of more in  this dual requirement of more intensive production and high environmental quality is a challeng  gement of services rendered by impacted ecosystems and deep expertise of their vulnerability to   expertise of their vulnerability to an intensification of wood samples. the face of such chall  h based on the principles of integrated ecosystem management, adaptive management, analysis of   d simultaneously better conservation of ecosystems. the project emphasizes a participatory appr  ical vulnerabilities and socio-economic development and intensification scenarios evaluation of  ties and socio-economic development and intensification scenarios evaluation of forest manageme  velopment and intensification scenarios evaluation of forest management participatory process s
14431	2	st evidence of human impact on the lake environment in remote mountain lake; and 3. the first i  the first industrial impact on the lake environment in remote mountain lake; the diatom analysi
11459	4	this proposal uses octopuses as model organisms to test the hypothesis that the antarct  tion events associated with past global climate change causing, for example, deep-ocean oxygen   change causing, for example, deep-ocean oxygen minima. such events have been recorded from the   ng of the drake passage. the subsequent development of deep-water connections between the south
11031	10	e were times of accelerated continental growth, pulses of magmatism. however, it may be that th  l crust at other ages may not mean that growth rates were low at those times. it might just be    confirm the idea of pulsed continental growth. further, it would suggest that during these eve  rthy topic in itself, understanding its growth may have broader implications. a growing set of   ient past, including the abrupt rise of oxygen in the atmosphere that is essential to all anima  major effects on the course of biologic evolution. what caused these changes is not clear. intr  rrespond in age to the apparent crustal growth pulses. if the pulses were times of massive, glo  have been observed to change the global climate. this raises the interesting possibility that t   interesting possibility that the large-scale pattern of life s evolution was set by catastroph   that the large-scale pattern of life s evolution was set by catastrophic events in the earth s
11634	3	vestigating the little-known biological community patterns and processes in the deep-sea. the c  y out high resolution research into the community structure and function in these interesting a  search into the community structure and function in these interesting area and through in situ
10331	1	developed a novel interactive computer model . the biomechanical models will first be created
9819	1	developed a novel interactive computer model . the biomechanical models will first be created
10184	3	his novel work has implications for the evolution and honesty of sexual signals, the relationsh  ual signals should be based on limiting nutrients in the natural environment.   ed on limiting nutrients in the natural environment.
11061	4	biologists are trying to understand the evolution of recognition and compatibility between game  very quickly, probably because of sperm competition between males to fertilise the eggs, and co  g in atlantic salmon, which is an ideal model to examine these questions for both pure and appl   conditions, but which mimic the normal function of sperm and egg in a salmon river. we will al
14545	1	tic study in which we will focus in the evolution of asexuality in aphids.
14181	2	r of pronounced effects on whole-canopy growth and the ability of plants to forage for light. a  ted in different ways, to elucidate the nature of these cues.
11219	7	e potentially excellent evidence of the evolution of human walking. however, until recently we    found that methods used to analyze the distribution of chemical patterns in the brain are idea   walking works like a metronome, saving energy as the body swings forward over the foot which c  to side, and can actually save pendulum-energy sideways on, by their waddling gait. distant hum   squat and stable build - did they save energy the same way it is likely that the footprints at  rmation, which can recreate balance and energy-saving mechanisms in these early human ancestors  ls, tools and evidence to interpret the evolution of walking at a crucial time period, the tran
11707	7	e potentially excellent evidence of the evolution of human walking. however, until recently we    found that methods used to analyze the distribution of chemical patterns in the brain are idea   walking works like a metronome, saving energy as the body swings forward over the foot which c  to side, and can actually save pendulum-energy sideways on, by their waddling gait. distant hum   squat and stable build - did they save energy the same way it is likely that the footprints at  rmation, which can recreate balance and energy-saving mechanisms in these early human ancestors  ls, tools and evidence to interpret the evolution of walking at a crucial time period, the tran
14336	2	dry chaco, with little altitudinal and temperature variation over a large area, offers a great   to provide detailed data about the ant distribution and morphology. the information provided i
9818	3	co-evolution happens when two tight co-evolutionary intera   body types would be consistent with co-evolution; conversely, the lack of such associations wo  neral issue of whether hypotheses of co-evolution are actually supported by the fossil evidence
1962	4	ect defence mechanisms include a.o. the production of deterring or toxic secondary metabolites.  ted, using a combination of laboratory, mesocosm, and field studies. the project will contribut  ribute to our understanding of both the evolution of plant defence in complex natural ecosystem  ion of plant defence in complex natural ecosystems and the compatibility of pest control strate
10338	7	o possible causal events such as global climate change, asteroid impacts and volcanism. establi  oactive isotopes within the crystal and growth of their radiogenic daughter isotopes. these iso  xy for the depositional age of the host sediment. we aim to exploit this new knowledge to devel   important to characterise the rate and nature of trace element uptake, and the chemical stabil   trace element uptake, and the chemical stability of each bone before deriving a date. we have    with poorly resolved dates. successful development of this technique would provide a method to  al framework within which the rates and nature of the most profound crisis experienced by life
10040	1	in any community of living organisms as our test species. two
10158	1	t measurement and sampling of water and sediment within subglacial lake ellsworth in west antar
10431	1	t measurement and sampling of water and sediment within subglacial lake ellsworth in west antar
10432	1	t measurement and sampling of water and sediment within subglacial lake ellsworth in west antar
10723	1	t measurement and sampling of water and sediment within subglacial lake ellsworth in west antar
11714	1	t measurement and sampling of water and sediment within subglacial lake ellsworth in west antar
9907	1	t measurement and sampling of water and sediment within subglacial lake ellsworth in west antar
11360	6	activity influences the fate of primary production and phytoplankton succession, may enhance ph  of primary production and phytoplankton succession, may enhance phytoplankton diversity and str   phytoplankton diversity and structures food webs. however, no techniques currently exist to di  fy the viral component of phytoplankton mortality. we aim to develop a highly promising dilutio  on technique to directly quantify viral mortality of specific phytoplankton in natural waters.   to interpret phytoplankton:viral:grazer population dynamics and their biogeochemical consequenc
13575	5	l fishing pressure, nephrops norvegicus production remains high, and the question is what suppo   and the question is what supports this production a major source of subsidies to marine system  bjective is to quantify both direct and indirect effects of discarded by-catch under as close t  ver be modified by: nephrops population density, the presence of other scavengers . this projec  ts, and how this links in with nephrops production.
12023	13	land use change strongly modifies the biodiversity and   versity and functioning of semi-natural ecosystems. the effects on ecosystems functioning can b  semi-natural ecosystems. the effects on ecosystems functioning can be either direct, via a modi  f the jena biodiversity experiment, the model was parametrized for about 70 species. the model    parametrized for about 70 species. the model was validated for 13 grass species. a large scale  validated for 13 grass species. a large scale virtual experiment allowed studying systematicall  tically